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Huang Q, Liu X, Yu J, Liu Y, Song H, Zhang X, Zhou L, Wang S, Niu X, Li W. Schisandrin inhibits VSMCs proliferation and migration by arresting cell cycle and targeting JAK2 to regulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Tissue Cell 2024; 89:102440. [PMID: 39002288 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation, migration, and foam cell formation of Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) each play a role in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Schisandrin (Sch) is the active lignan ingredient with broad-spectrum pharmacological effects. However, the role of Sch in the AS process is not clear. Therefore, this study was proposed to explore the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of Sch on VSMCs. Ox-LDL was selected to create an atherosclerosis injury environment for VSMCs and macrophages. The MTT assay, Oil red O staining, wound healing, transwell experiments and ELISA were used to investigate the phenotype effects of Sch. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, flow cytometry, and western blot were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Sch on AS progression. Our findings implied that Sch treatment inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs, and suppressed the ROS production and inflammatory cytokines up-regulation of VSMCs and macrophages. Moreover, Sch reduced lipid uptake and foam cell formation through downregulating LOX-1. Mechanistically, we found that Sch can inhibit the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling by targeting JAK2, and arrest cell cycle in GO/G1 phase. In summary, Sch can inhibit VSMCs proliferation and migration by arresting cell cycle and targeting JAK2 to regulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Sch may serve as a potential drug for patients with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xinyao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Huixin Song
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xinya Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lili Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Zeng M, Zhang X, Yu Q, Wang L, Zeng W, Wang Y, Suo Y, Jiang X. Tiaogan daozhuo formula attenuates atherosclerosis via activating AMPK -PPARγ-LXRα pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117814. [PMID: 38286155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tiaogan Daozhuo Formula (TGDZF) is a common formulation against atherosclerosis, however, there is limited understanding of its therapeutic mechanism. AIM OF THIS STUDY To examine the effectiveness of TGDZF in the treatment of atherosclerosis and to explore its mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS In ApoE-/- mice, atherosclerosis was induced by a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and treated with TGDZF at different doses. The efficacy of TGDZF in alleviating atherosclerosis was evaluated by small animal ultrasound and histological methods. Lipid levels were measured by biochemical methods. The capacity of cholesterol efflux was tested with a cholesterol efflux assay in peritoneal macrophage, and the expression of AMPKα1, PPARγ, LXRα, and ABCA1 was examined at mRNA and protein levels. Meanwhile, RAW264.7-derived macrophages were induced into foam cells by ox-LDL, and different doses of TGDZF-conducting serum were administered. Similarly, we examined differences in intracellular lipid accumulation, cholesterol efflux rate, and AMPKα1, PPARγ, LXRα, and ABCA1 levels following drug intervention. Finally, changes in the downstream molecules were evaluated following the inhibition of AMPK by compound C or PPARγ silencing by small interfering RNA. RESULTS TGDZF administration reduced aortic plaque area and lipid accumulation in aortic plaque and hepatocytes, and improved the serum lipid profiles of ApoE-/- mice. Further study revealed that its efficacy was accompanied by an increase in cholesterol efflux rate and the expression of PPARγ, LXRα, and ABCA1 mRNA and protein, as well as the promotion of AMPKα1 phosphorylation. Moreover, similar results were caused by the intervention of TGDZF-containing serum in vitro experiments. Inhibition of AMPK and PPARγ partially blocked the regulatory effect of TGDZF, respectively. CONCLUSIONS TGDZF alleviated atherosclerosis and promoted cholesterol efflux from macrophages by activating the AMPK-PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Qun Yu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China.
| | - Luming Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Wenyun Zeng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China.
| | - Yijing Wang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yanrong Suo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China.
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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3
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Bertoncini-Silva C, Fassini PG, Carlos D, de Paula NA, Ramalho LNZ, Rodrigues Giuliani M, Pereira ÍS, Guimarães JB, Suen VMM. The Dose-Dependent Effect of Curcumin Supplementation on Inflammatory Response and Gut Microbiota Profile in High-Fat Fed C57BL/6 Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300378. [PMID: 37818762 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The prevalence of obesity has increased, with excessive consumption of high-fat foods being one of the primary causes. Curcumin, a polyphenol extracted from Curcuma longa L., exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. The study aims to investigate the effects of curcumin supplementation in different doses on the biochemical profile, inflammatory response, and gut microbiota profile in mice that are fed with high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 male mice are fed a standard diet, or a HFD with or without different doses of curcumin (50, 250, and 500 mg kg-1 of body weight). Throughout the experimental period, food intake and body weight are assessed weekly. At euthanasia, blood, stool, and tissue samples are collected for biochemical, histological, and molecular analyses. Curcumin increases the IL-10 protein expression in the white adipose tissue. In the liver, there is a reduction in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and an increase in IL-10 gene expression. Also, curcumin promotes the growth of butyrogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that curcumin has the potential to improve the inflammatory response and modulate healthy gut microbiota. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of curcumin as a preventive and effective strategy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bertoncini-Silva
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Giacomo Fassini
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Carlos
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Aparecida de Paula
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandra Náira Zambelli Ramalho
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Rodrigues Giuliani
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Sousa Pereira
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jhefferson Barbosa Guimarães
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Marques Miguel Suen
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Monte Alegre, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Zhang M, Lu P, Zhao F, Sun X, Ma W, Tang J, Zhang C, Ji H, Wang X. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms of Curcumae Rhizoma against myocardial fibrosis using network pharmacology and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115751. [PMID: 36162550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Myocardial fibrosis leads to cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Curcumae Rhizoma has been utilized in clinical trials to treat a variety of cardiovascular illnesses, although its role in myocardial fibrosis is unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of current study was to explore the potential mechanism action and anti-myocardial fibrosis effects of treatment with Curcumae Rhizoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical components in the aqueous extract from Curcumae Rhizoma were identified using GC-MS analysis. A prediction network describing the relationship between Curcumae Rhizoma and MF was established based on information collected from multiple databases. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to investigate the specific functions and pathways involved in the candidate Curcumae Rhizoma targets acting on MF, which were further validated by vivo experiments. RESULTS There were 444 targets obtained from the 39 active ingredients in Curcumae Rhizoma, and 5691 disease targets related to MF were identified. Then, 41 key targets were determined with the PPI interaction network, which was structured from 324 overlapping gene targets. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the p38 MAPK/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways might play crucial roles in the therapeutic mechanism of MF. According to the results of molecular docking, the binding activity between core components and targets was marvelous (affinity < -6 kcal/mol). Take it a step further, the experimental validation data affirmed that Curcumae Rhizoma substantially decreased myocardial fibrosis and recovered cardiac function in the ISO-induced rats. The associated proteins expression data implied that the p38 MAPK/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathways might be vital in the anti-fibrosis effect of Curcumae Rhizoma. CONCLUSION The findings suggested that Curcumae Rhizoma diminished myocardial fibrosis by suppressing fibrosis multiplication and collagen deposition through inhibiting p38 MAPK/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathways, which might be a promising therapeutic medicament for alleviating myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Pengyu Lu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Fusen Zhao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Wenqi Ma
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Jiahui Tang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Chengbo Zhang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Haigang Ji
- Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213000, China.
| | - Xindong Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.
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Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin/Oridonin and Trehalose loaded nanovesicles attenuate foam cells formation and regulate the inflammation. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Ashraf H, Butt MS, Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Nadeem M, Aadil RM, Rusu AV, Trif M. Microencapsulated curcumin from Curcuma longa modulates diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in Sprague Dawley rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1026890. [PMID: 36276841 PMCID: PMC9583535 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1026890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major causes of cardiovascular ailments. The study has been conducted on the hypothesis that hypercholesterolemia can be modulated by microencapsulated curcumin due to its enhanced bioavailability. In this context, curcumin obtained from fresh rhizomes of Curcuma longa by conventional (CSE) and supercritical fluid (SFE) extractions, has been successfully microencapsulated using a mixture of gelatin and maltodextrin. The microencapsulated curcumin CSE&SFE, has been added as supplemented diet and has been resulted in maximum plasma concentration of curcumin at 100 min as 529.31 ± 8.73 and 405.23 ± 7.12 μg/mL, respectively compared to non-encapsulated turmeric powder used as control. During the bio evaluation trial, turmeric powder (3%), microencapsulated curcuminCSE (1%) and microencapsulated curcuminSFE (0.5%) were provided to designate rat groups categorized by normal; N1, N2, and N3 and hypercholesterolemic; H1, H2, and H3 conditions, respectively. The incorporation of microencapsulated curcuminSFE in the supplemented diet caused a reduction in serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides, athrogenic index (AI) and cardiac risk ration (CRR) as 5.42 and 12.81%, 7.25 and 15.42%, 3.17 and 9.38%, 15.38 and 29.28%, and 10.98 19.38% in normo- and hypercholesterolemic rat groups. Additionally, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and anti-atherogenic index (AAI) indicated a significant increase in all treated rat groups. Conclusively, the inclusion of turmeric and curcumin microencapsulates in the dietary module has been proven effective to alleviate hyperlipidemia. Therefore, the present study is proven that curcumin absorption via the gastrointestinal tract and its stability toward metabolization in the body increased via microencapsulation using maltodextrin and gelatin. Microencapsulated curcumin reaches the target site via oral administration because of sufficient gastrointestinal residence period and stability in the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Ashraf
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Masood Sadiq Butt
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iahtisham-Ul-Haq
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Iahtisham-Ul-Haq,
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Gulab Devi Educational Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Alexandru Vasile Rusu
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,Alexandru Vasile Rusu,
| | - Monica Trif
- Department of Food Research, Centre for Innovative Process Engineering (Centiv) GmbH, Syke, Germany,Monica Trif,
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7
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Fei C, Ji D, Tong H, Li Y, Su L, Qin Y, Bian Z, Zhang W, Mao C, Li L, Lu T. Therapeutic mechanism of Curcuma aromatica Salisb. rhizome against coronary heart disease based on integrated network pharmacology, pharmacological evaluation and lipidomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:950749. [PMID: 36016561 PMCID: PMC9396035 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.950749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuma aromatica Salisb. rhizome (CASR) has multifunctional characteristics worldwide and a long history of use as a botanical drug with. Currently, it is often used clinically to treat coronary heart disease (CHD) caused by blood stasis syndrome. However, the therapeutic mechanism of CASR in the treatment of CHD remains poorly understood. In study, the main chemical constituents of CASR were analyzed using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Then, its potential therapeutic mechanism against CHD was predicted. Subsequently, pharmacological evaluation was performed using CHD rat model. Finally, a lipidomics approach was applied to explore the different lipid metabolites to verify the regulation of CASR on lipid metabolism disorders in CHD. A total of 35 compounds was identified from CASR. Seventeen active components and 51 potential targets related to CHD were screened by network pharmacology, involving 13 key pathways. In vivo experiments showed that CASR could significantly improve myocardial infarction, blood stasis, and blood lipid levels and regulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in CHD rats. Lipidomics further showed that CASR could regulate abnormal sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, and glycerolipid metabolism in CHD rats. The therapeutic mechanism of CASR against CHD was initially elucidated and included the regulation of lipid metabolism. Its effects may be attributed to active ingredients, such as curzerene, isoprocurcumenol, and (+)-curcumenol. This study reveals the characteristics of multi-component and multi-pathway of CASR in the treatment of CHD, which provides a basis for the follow-up development and utilization of CASR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Fei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - De Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huangjin Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianlin Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwen Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhua Bian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chunqin Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunqin Mao, ; Lin Li, ; Tulin Lu,
| | - Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunqin Mao, ; Lin Li, ; Tulin Lu,
| | - Tulin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunqin Mao, ; Lin Li, ; Tulin Lu,
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8
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Castro CA, Buzinari TC, Lino RLB, Araújo HSSD, Aníbal FDF, Verzola RMM, Bagnato VS, Inada NM, Rodrigues GJ. Profile of IL-6 and TNF in Foam Cell Formation: An Improved Method Using Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC) Probe. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 119:533-541. [PMID: 35946754 PMCID: PMC9563877 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of foam cells occurs due to the increase in low-density plasma lipoprotein (LDL) and dysregulation of inflammation, which is important for the development of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the profile of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the existing foam cell formation method, optimizing this protocol. METHODS The LDL was isolated, oxidized, and labeled with a Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probe. Foam cells were generated from THP-1 human monocyte-derived cells and incubated in the absence (control) or presence of FITC-ox-LDL (10, 50, 100, 150, or 200 μg/mL), for 12, 24, 48, or 72 hours. The accumulated FITC-ox-LDL in the cell was quantified by microscopy. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was evaluated to quantify the IL-6 and TNF-α, with p < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS All the FITC-ox-LDL concentrations tested showed a higher fluorescence when compared to the control, showing a greater accumulation of lipoprotein in cells. The higher the concentration of FITC-ox-LDL, the greater the production of TNF-α and IL-6. The production of IL-6 by foam cells was detected up to the value of 150 µg/mL of the maximum stimulus for LDL. Concentrations above 50 μg/mL LDL stimulated greater release of TNF-α compared to control. CONCLUSIONS Our model contributes to the understanding of the release of IL-6 and TNF-α in response to different concentrations of ox-LDL, using an optimized method for the formation of foam cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Aparecida Castro
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP - Brasil.,Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia - Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP - Brasil
| | - Tereza Cristina Buzinari
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas - Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Natalia Mayumi Inada
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP - Brasil
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9
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Zhang ZZ, Yu XH, Tan WH. Baicalein inhibits macrophage lipid accumulation and inflammatory response by activating the PPARγ/LXRα pathway. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 209:316-325. [PMID: 35749304 PMCID: PMC9521661 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation and inflammatory response are two major risk factors for atherosclerosis. Baicalein, a phenolic flavonoid widely used in East Asian countries, possesses a potential atheroprotective activity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study was performed to explore the impact of baicalein on lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. Our results showed that baicalein up-regulated the expression of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ABCG1, liver X receptor α (LXRα), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), promoted cholesterol efflux, and inhibited lipid accumulation. Administration of baicalein also reduced the expression and secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Knockdown of LXRα or PPARγ with siRNAs abrogated the effects of baicalein on ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression, cholesterol efflux, lipid accumulation as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine release. In summary, these findings suggest that baicalein exerts a beneficial effect on macrophage lipid accumulation and inflammatory response by activating the PPARγ/LXRα signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Zhen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wei-Hua Tan
- Correspondence: Wei-Hua Tan, Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001 Hunan, China.
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10
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Vafaeipour Z, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and its constituent (curcumin) on the metabolic syndrome: An updated review. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 20:193-203. [PMID: 35292209 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) involves people with the following risk factors: obesity, hypertension, high glucose level and hyperlipidemia. It can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of MS in the world's adult population is about 20%-25%. Today, there is much care to use medicinal plants. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) as well as curcumin which is derived from the rhizome of the plant, has been shown beneficial effects on different components of MS. Thus, the purpose of this manuscript was to introduce different in vitro, in vivo and human studies regarding the effect of turmeric and its constituent on MS. Moreover, different mechanisms of action by which this plant overcomes MS have been introduced. Based on studies, turmeric and its bioactive component, curcumin, due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, have antidiabetic effects through increasing insulin release, antihyperlipidemic effects by increasing fatty acid uptake, anti-obesity effects by decreasing lipogenesis, and antihypertensive effects by increasing nitric oxide. According to several in vivo, in vitro and human studies, it can be concluded that turmeric or curcumin has important values as a complementary therapy in MS. However, more clinical trials should be done to confirm these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Vafaeipour
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran; Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran.
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11
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Gururani S, Gairola K, Kumar R, Prakash O, Dubey SK. Altitudinal and geographical variations in phytochemical composition and biological activities of
Curcuma longa
accession from Uttarakhand, the Himalayan region. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shriya Gururani
- Department of Biochemistry, C.B.S.H. G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar India
| | - Kanchan Gairola
- Department of Biochemistry, C.B.S.H. G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar India
| | - Ravendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, C.B.S.H. G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar India
| | - Om Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, C.B.S.H. G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar India
| | - Shiv Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, C.B.S.H. G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar India
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Vahdat-Lasemi F, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Tasbandi A, Jaafari MR, Sahebkar A. Targeting interleukin-β by plant-derived natural products: Implications for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5596-5622. [PMID: 34390063 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is the main contributing factor to atheroma formation in atherosclerosis. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is an inflammatory mediator found in endothelial cells and resident leukocytes. Canakinumab is a selective monoclonal antibody against IL-1β which attenuates inflammation and concurrently precipitates fatal infections and sepsis. Natural products derived from medicinal plants, herbal remedy and functional foods are widely used nowadays. Experimental and clinical trial evidence supports that some natural products such as curcumin, resveratrol, and quercetin have potential effects on IL-1β suppression. In this review, we tried to document findings that used medicinal plants and plant-based natural products for treating atherosclerosis and its related diseases through the suppression of IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Vahdat-Lasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Aida Tasbandi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Zhu G, Zhang J, Yang Y, Zhang H, Jin W, Su F, Liang J, Wang K, Zhang J, Chen C. The Key Target and Molecular Mechanism of the Volatile Component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in Acute Lung Injury Based on Network Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650780. [PMID: 33981230 PMCID: PMC8109027 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance:Scutellaria baicalensis georgi is one of the most widely studied TCMs; its effects in ALI have been studied in a large number of experiments, and the efficacy of volatile oil from TCM remains to be studied. Aim: The volatile component of Scutellaria baicalensis georgi was selected to act on the key target of acute lung injury and was preliminarily studied for its specific molecular mechanism. Methods: The volatile active substances of Scutellaria baicalensis georgi were extracted by GC–MS, and the active ingredients related with the occurrence and development of acute lung injury were searched and matched by the TCMSP database. The pharmacologic data and analysis platform of TCM were used to retrieve and screen for the volatile active components and the possible therapeutic targets of Scutellaria baicalensis georgi. In addition, acute lung injury was searched in the disease target database to identify the corresponding disease target proteins, thereby establishing a protein–protein interaction network. Finally, the effects of wogonin on the apoptotic and inflammatory factors in the acute lung injury cell model were analyzed experimentally. Results: We identified 100 candidate targets and successfully constructed a complex target network. The targets identified by the above gene enrichment analysis played important roles in the autoimmune disease cell cycle apoptosis and related signaling pathways. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that most of the target genes were involved in the inflammatory response regulation of the TRP, PI3K-Akt, and IL-17 signaling pathways. The participation of wogonin in the specific regulatory pathways of PI3K-Akt signaling and IL-17 signaling was verified through experiments. In the lung-injured cell model, the results showed that wogonin inhibited the apoptosis of injured lung cells by inhibiting the expression of BAD gene and the activation of cleaved caspase-3 gene while increasing Bcl-2 expression. In addition, wogonin inhibited the expression of the abovementioned inflammatory factors and further inhibited the inflammatory response in the lung injury cells. Conclusion: The results of pharmacological network analysis can predict and explain the regulation mechanism of multi-target and multi-pathway of TCM components. This study identified the potential target and important pathway of wogonin in regulating acute lung injury. At the same time, the accuracy of network pharmacological prediction is also preliminarily verified by molecular biology experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosong Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaqiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yali Yang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Medical Engineering Technology and Data Mining Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fangchu Su
- Medical Engineering Technology and Data Mining Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junting Liang
- Clinical Bioinformatics Experimental Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaiwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Medical Engineering Technology and Data Mining Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuanliang Chen
- Clinical Bioinformatics Experimental Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Chen G, Gao J, Sheng Y, Han X, Ji X, Zhao M, Wu J. Diagnostic value of miR-92a in asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis patients and its ability to predict cerebrovascular events. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:74. [PMID: 32522208 PMCID: PMC7285548 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-00987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) is important to prevent the incidence of cerebrovascular events. This study aimed to investigate the circulating expression of microRNA-92a (miR-92a) in ACAS patients and evaluate its diagnostic value for ACAS and predictive value for cerebrovascular events. Methods Circulating expression of miR-92a was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Chi-square test was used to analyze the association of miR-92a with ACAS patients’ clinical characteristics. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-92a, and the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to assess the predictive value of miR-92a for cerebrovascular events. Results Serum expression of miR-92a was higher in ACAS patients than that in the healthy controls (P < 0.001), and associated with patients’ degree of carotid stenosis (P = 0.013). The elevated miR-92a expression could distinguish ACAS patients from healthy individual, and was an independent predictive factor for the occurrence of cerebrovascular events (P = 0.015). Conclusion The data from this study indicated that circulating increased miR-92a may serve as a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for ACAS and a potential risk factor for the future onset of cerebrovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Vascular Interventional, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Department of Vascular Interventional, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Yuguo Sheng
- Department of Vascular Interventional, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Xinqiang Han
- Department of Vascular Interventional, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Xingang Ji
- Department of Vascular Interventional, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Mengpeng Zhao
- Department of Vascular Interventional, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Vascular Interventional, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China.
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Taebi R, Mirzaiey MR, Mahmoodi M, Khoshdel A, Fahmidehkar MA, Mohammad-Sadeghipour M, Hajizadeh MR. The effect of Curcuma longa extract and its active component (curcumin) on gene expression profiles of lipid metabolism pathway in liver cancer cell line (HepG2). GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Lian Z, Perrard XYD, Peng X, Raya JL, Hernandez AA, Johnson CG, Lagor WR, Pownall HJ, Hoogeveen RC, Simon SI, Sacks FM, Ballantyne CM, Wu H. Replacing Saturated Fat With Unsaturated Fat in Western Diet Reduces Foamy Monocytes and Atherosclerosis in Male Ldlr-/- Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:72-85. [PMID: 31619061 PMCID: PMC6991890 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A Mediterranean diet supplemented with olive oil and nuts prevents cardiovascular disease in clinical studies, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We investigated whether the preventive effect of the diet could be due to inhibition of atherosclerosis and foamy monocyte formation in Ldlr-/- mice fed with a diet in which milkfat in a Western diet (WD) was replaced with extra-virgin olive oil and nuts (EVOND). Approach and Results: Ldlr-/- mice were fed EVOND or a Western diet for 3 (or 6) months. Compared with the Western diet, EVOND decreased triglyceride and cholesterol levels but increased unsaturated fatty acid concentrations in plasma. EVOND also lowered intracellular lipid accumulation in circulating monocytes, indicating less formation of foamy monocytes, compared with the Western diet. In addition, compared with the Western diet, EVOND reduced monocyte expression of inflammatory cytokines, CD36, and CD11c, with decreased monocyte uptake of oxLDL (oxidized LDL [low-density lipoprotein]) ex vivo and reduced CD11c+ foamy monocyte firm arrest on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin-coated slides in an ex vivo shear flow assay. Along with these changes, EVOND compared with the Western diet reduced the number of CD11c+ macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions and lowered atherosclerotic lesion area of the whole aorta and aortic sinus. CONCLUSIONS A diet enriched in extra-virgin olive oil and nuts, compared with a Western diet high in saturated fat, lowered plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, inhibited foamy monocyte formation, inflammation, and adhesion, and reduced atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqin Lian
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xiao-Yuan Dai Perrard
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xueying Peng
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.P)
| | - Joe L Raya
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Alfredo A Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis (A.A.H, S.I.S.)
| | - Collin G Johnson
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - William R Lagor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (W.R.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Henry J Pownall
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX (H.J.P.)
| | - Ron C Hoogeveen
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Scott I Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis (A.A.H, S.I.S.)
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (F.M.S.)
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics (C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Center for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention (C.M.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- From the Department of Medicine (Z.L., X.D.P., X.P., J.L.R., C.G.J., R.C.H., C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics (C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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The role of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of atherosclerosis through the regulation of macrophage activity. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109375. [PMID: 31548175 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main cause of ischemic cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular diseases. Macrophage activity has been proven to play a critical role during the AS pathological process, which involves the adhesion, aggregation of mononuclear-macrophages, cell differentiation of M1/M2 macrophages as part of complex mechanisms occurring during lipid metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation and immune reaction. Therefore, the development of effective AS treatments is likely to target macrophage activity. Certain herbal extracts (such as Salvia miltiorrhiza) have exhibited enormous potential for AS treatment in the past. Here, we aim to provide a summary on the current understanding of the type of action and the underlying target/pathway in macrophage regulation of certain herbal extracts used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for treatment of AS.
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Silencing of GAS5 represses the malignant progression of atherosclerosis through upregulation of miR-135a. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109302. [PMID: 31545249 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of GAS5 on the inflammation and lipid metabolic disorders of AS. ApoE-/- mice were fed on a high fat diet (HFD) and THP-1 macrophages were treated with ox-LDL to construct AS model in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The detections of blood lipids and inflammatory cytokines were performed using corresponding assay kits. qRT-PCR was used to assess the expression of GAS5 and miR-135a. Western blot was performed to detect PPARα and CPT1 levels. The targeted interaction between GAS5 and miR-135a was determined by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Our data revealed that GAS5 was upregulated in AS mice model and ox-LDL-treated macrophages. GAS5 silencing alleviated lipid metabolic disorders and inflammation in AS mice and ox-LDL-treated macrophages. Moreover, GAS5 directly targeted miR-135a and repressed miR-135a expression. MiR-135a expression restoration abrogated the alleviative effects of GAS5 silencing on inflammation and lipid metabolic disorders in ox-LDL-treated macrophages. In conclusion, our study suggested that GAS5 silencing repressed the malignant progression of AS at least partly through upregulation of miR-135a. Targeting GAS5 might be a promising treatment strategy for AS management.
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Dosoky NS, Setzer WN. Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Curcuma Species. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1196. [PMID: 30200410 PMCID: PMC6164907 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Curcuma L. have been used in traditional medicine for centuries for treating gastrointestinal disorders, pain, inflammatory conditions, wounds, and for cancer prevention and antiaging, among others. Many of the biological activities of Curcuma species can be attributed to nonvolatile curcuminoids, but these plants also produce volatile chemicals. Essential oils, in general, have shown numerous beneficial effects for health maintenance and treatment of diseases. Essential oils from Curcuma spp., particularly C. longa, have demonstrated various health-related biological activities and several essential oil companies have recently marketed Curcuma oils. This review summarizes the volatile components of various Curcuma species, the biological activities of Curcuma essential oils, and potential safety concerns of Curcuma essential oils and their components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura S Dosoky
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA.
| | - William N Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
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Rakhman AF, Taufiqurrahman T. Hubungan kebiasaan melewatkan sarapan dan Pemilihan jajanan dengan kejadian Wasting di Desa Sembung Kecamatan Wringinanom Kabupaten Gresik. AMERTA NUTRITION 2018. [DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v2i3.2018.237-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Wasting prevalence in Indonesia is never been decreased for years. Wasting caused by many factors such as skipping breakfast and inappropriate selection of snacks that contribute to children’s level of nutritional intake adequacy.Objectives: The purpose of this research was to analyze correlation between skipping breakfast and selection of snack among elementary school children. Method: This was an analytical observational research with case control design conducted in three elementary schools in Sembung Village, Gresik. The sample size was 22 students in each group, which taken using a simple random sampling technique at student of 3rd, 4th and 5th grade. Data was collected by interviewing the respondent with structured questionnaire. Nutritional status was classified with BMI/Age using WHO-MGRS standard. Association among variables were analyzed using Chi-Square test. (α=0.05). Result: The result showed that 68.2% respondent from cases used skipping breakfast while 27.3% respondent from control used to skip breakfast. 22.7% respondent in cases used to consume high nutritional value snack food while 72.7% respondent in control used to consume high nutritional value snack food. Chi-Square test showed there was an association between breakfast habits and the selection of snack with wasting (p=0.007; OR=5.714) (p=0.001; OR=9.067).Conclusion: Skipping breakfast habits and the selection of snack had a correlation with wasting incident in village children.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Prevalensi wasting di Indonesia tidak pernah mengalami penurunan yang signifikan selama tahun ke tahun. Kejadian wasting dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti kebiasaan sarapan dan pemilihan makanan jajanan yang mampu berkontibusi terhadap tingkat kecukupan energi dan zat gizi anak.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kebiasaan melewatkan sarapan dan kebiasan memilih jajanan makanan kejadian wasting pada anak sekolah dasar di pedesaan.Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain case control ini dilakukan di 3 sekolah dasar di Desa Sembung Kecamatan Wringinanom Kabupaten Gresik. Besar sampel penelitian ini adalah 22 sampel untuk masing -masing kelompok yang berasal dari kelas III, IV dan V dan diambil secara simple random sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara pada anak dengan kuisioner tersktutur. Klasifikasi berdasarkan pada nilai tabel z-score IMT/U WHO-MGRS. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji chi-square (α=0,05)Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 68,2% responden kelompok kasus, terbiasa melewatkan sarapan sedangkan 27,3% responden kelompok kontrol terbiasa melewatkan sarapan. 22,7% responden kelompok kasus terbiasa membeli makanan jajan bernilai gizi tinggi sedangkan 72,7% responden kelompok kontrol terbiasa membeli makanan jajan bernilai gizi tinggi. Hasil Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan ada hubungan antara kebiasaan sarapan dan pemilihan makanan jajanan dengan kejadian wasting (p= 0,007 OR: 5,714) (p= 0,001 OR: 9,067).Kesimpulan: Kebiasaan melewatkan sarapan dan pemilihan makanan jajanan berhubungan dengan kejadian wasting pada anak pedesaan.
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Wu HP, Lin YK. Effect of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, and Curcuma longa L. on Th1- and Th2-cytokine responses and human leukocyte antigen-DR expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of septic patients. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 217:195-204. [PMID: 29462699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Many traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), such as Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, and Curcuma longa L., have been reported to have various immune-modulatory effects. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the effects of extracts from these three TCM on type 1 T help (Th1)- and Th2-cytokine responses and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from septic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PBMCs of healthy controls and septic patients were cultured for 48 hs with or without 0.05/0.1 mg/ml of TCM extract. HLA-DR expression in monocytes was detected using flow cytofluorimetry. The interferon [IFN]-γ, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin (IL)- 2, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 levels in supernatants were measured with a human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Treatment with either 0.05 or 0.1 mg/ml of C. longa L. extract significantly restored the percentage of HLA-DR-positive monocytes, which was decreased by LPS in control and patient groups. Treatment with 0.05 or 0.1 mg/ml E. ulmoides Oliv. and C.longa L. extract decreased IL-10 production from LPS-stimulated PBMCs of controls and patients. In patients with sepsis, C. longa L. extract decreased IL-10 production to a greater degree than did E. ulmoides Oliv extract. Although IFN-γ, TNF-α, or IL-13 productions from LPS-stimulated PBMCs were influenced by E. ulmoides Oliv., G. pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, or C. longa L. in control or sepsis groups in this study, only the influence of IL-10 was consistent in both control and sepsis groups. CONCLUSIONS By enhancing monocyte HLA-DR expression and decreasing IL-10 production, C. longa L. might help restore inflammatory responses in septic patients to eradicate pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Pin Wu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Yin-Ku Lin
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
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Mollazadeh H, Cicero AFG, Blesso CN, Pirro M, Majeed M, Sahebkar A. Immune modulation by curcumin: The role of interleukin-10. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:89-101. [PMID: 28799796 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1358139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are small secreted proteins released by different types of cells with specific effects on cellular signaling and communication via binding to their receptors on the cell surface. IL-10 is known to be a pleiotropic and potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokine that is produced by both innate and adaptive immunity cells including dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, natural killer cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, B cells, CD8+ T cells, and TH1, TH2, and TH17 and regulatory T cells. Both direct and indirect activation of the stress axis promotes IL-10 secretion. IL-10 deregulation plays a role in the development of a large number of inflammatory diseases such as neuropathic pain, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and allergy. Curcumin is a natural anti-inflammatory compound able to induce the expression and production of IL-10 and enhancing its action on a large number of tissues. In vitro and in pre-clinical models curcumin is able to modulate the disease pathophysiology of conditions such as pain and neurodegenerative diseases, bowel inflammation, and allergy, but also of infections and cancer through its effect on IL-10 secretion. In humans, at least one part of the positive effects of curcumin on health could be related to its ability to enhance IL-10 -mediated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mollazadeh
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine , North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences , Bojnurd , Iran
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- b Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences , University of Bologna , Via Albertoni 15, Bologna , Italy
| | | | - Matteo Pirro
- d Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine , University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- f Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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Accelerated atherosclerosis development in C57Bl6 mice by overexpressing AAV-mediated PCSK9 and partial carotid ligation. J Transl Med 2017; 97:935-945. [PMID: 28504688 PMCID: PMC5563968 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the role of a particular gene in atherosclerosis typically requires a time-consuming and often difficult process of generating double knockouts or transgenics on ApoE-/- or LDL receptor (LDLR)-/- background. Recently, it was reported that adeno-associated-virus-8 (AAV8)-mediated overexpression of PCSK9 (AAV8-PCSK9) rapidly induced hyperlipidemia. However, using this method in C57BL6 wild-type (C57) mice, it took ~3 months to develop atherosclerosis. Our partial carotid ligation model is used to rapidly develop atherosclerosis by inducing disturbed flow in the left common carotid artery within 2 weeks in ApoE-/- or LDLR-/- mice. Here, we combined these two approaches to develop an accelerated model of atherosclerosis in C57 mice. C57 mice were injected with AAV9-PCSK9 or AAV9-luciferase (control) and high-fat diet was initiated. A week later, partial ligation was performed. Compared to the control, AAV-PCSK9 led to elevated serum PCSK9, hypercholesterolemia, and rapid atherosclerosis development within 3 weeks as determined by gross plaque imaging, and staining with Oil-Red-O, Movat's pentachrome, and CD45 antibody. These plaque lesions were comparable to the atherosclerotic lesions that have been previously observed in ApoE-/- or LDLR-/- mice that were subjected to partial carotid ligation and high-fat diet. Next, we tested whether our method can be utilized to rapidly determine the role of a particular gene in atherosclerosis. Using eNOS-/- and NOX1-/y mice on C57 background, we found that the eNOS-/- mice developed more advanced lesions, while the NOX1-/y mice developed less atherosclerotic lesions as compared to the C57 controls. These results are consistent with the previous findings using double knockouts (eNOS-/-_ApoE-/- and NOX1-/y_ApoE-/-). AAV9-PCSK9 injection followed by partial carotid ligation is an effective and time-saving approach to rapidly induce atherosclerosis. This accelerated model is well-suited to quickly determine the role of gene(s) interest without generating double or triple knockouts.
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Lee JJ, Lee JH, Cho WK, Han JH, Ma JY. Herbal composition of Cinnamomum cassia, Pinus densiflora, Curcuma longa and Glycyrrhiza glabra prevents atherosclerosis by upregulating p27 (Kip1) expression. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:253. [PMID: 27465365 PMCID: PMC4964310 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Kiom-18 is a novel composition of Cinnamomum cassia, Pinus densiflora, Curcuma longa and Glycyrrhiza glabra. Curcuma longa and Glycyrrhiza glabra, which are traditional medicines in Asia, have been reported to demonstrate preventive effects against atherosclerosis; however, they have not yet been developed into functional atherosclerosis treatments. We therefore studied the anti-atherosclerotic effects and possible molecular mechanisms of Kiom-18 using vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods To assess the anti-proliferative effect of Kiom-18 in vitro, we performed thymidine incorporation, cell cycle progression, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays in VSMCs stimulated by platelet derived-growth factor (PDGF)-BB. In addition, we used LDLr knockout mice to identify the effects of Kiom-18 as a preliminary result in an atherosclerosis animal model. Results Kiom-18 inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-stimulated-VSMC proliferation and DNA synthesis. Additionally, Kiom-18 arrested the cell cycle transition of G0/G1 stimulated by PDGF-BB and its cell cycle-related proteins. Correspondingly, the level of p27kip1 expression was upregulated in the presence of the Kiom-18 extract. Moreover, in an atherosclerosis animal model of LDLr knockout mice, Kiom-18 extract showed a preventive effect for the formation of atherosclerotic plaque and suppressed body weight, fat weight, food treatment efficiency, neutrophil count, and triglyceride level. Conclusions These results indicate that Kiom-18 exerts anti-atherosclerotic effects by inhibiting VSMC proliferation via G0/G1 arrest, which upregulates p27Kip1 expression.
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Kong BS, Im SJ, Lee YJ, Cho YH, Do YR, Byun JW, Ku CR, Lee EJ. Vasculoprotective Effects of 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde against VSMCs Proliferation and ECs Inflammation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149394. [PMID: 27002821 PMCID: PMC4803227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3-HBA) is a precursor compound for phenolic compounds like Protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA). From recent reports, PCA has shown vasculoprotective potency, but the effects of 3-HBA remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the vasculoprotective effects of 3-HBA in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and various animal models. We tested effects of 3-HBA in both vitro and vivo. 3-HBA showed that it prevents PDGF-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migration and proliferation from MTS, BrdU assays and inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. It arrested S and G0/G1 phase of VSMC cell cycle in PI staining and it also showed inhibited expression levels of Rb1 and CD1. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), 3-HBA inhibited inflammatory markers and signaling molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, p-NF-κB and p-p38). For ex vivo, 3-HBA has shown dramatic effects in suppressing the sprouting from aortic ring of Spargue Dawley (SD) rats. In vivo data supported the vasculoprotective effects of 3-HBA as it inhibited angiogenesis from Matrigel Plug assay in C57BL6 mouse, prevented ADP-induced thrombus generation, increased blood circulation after formation of thrombus, and attenuated neointima formation induced by common carotid artery balloon injury of SD rats. 3-HBA, a novel therapeutic agent, has shown vasculoprotective potency in both in vitro and in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzaldehydes/pharmacology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/metabolism
- Catechols/pharmacology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- G1 Phase/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neointima/drug therapy
- Neointima/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Resting Phase, Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Soo Kong
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Im
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Jong Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Ri Do
- Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Byun
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Ryong Ku
- Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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