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Fox K, Vadiveloo M, McCurdy K, Risica PM, Gans KM, Tovar A. Associations between child eating behaviors with eating patterns and diet quality in preschool-aged children. Appetite 2024; 202:107621. [PMID: 39122215 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Childhood eating behaviors are associated with weight status and laboratory assessments of dietary intake. However, little is known about how eating behaviors relate to the eating patterns and diet quality of children from marginalized populations when assessed in their natural environments. Therefore, we examined the association of food avoidant (e.g., food fussiness and satiety responsiveness) and food approach (e.g., food responsiveness and enjoyment of food) eating behaviors with children's meal size, eating frequency, and diet quality. We analyzed data from 61 predominately low-income Hispanic/Latinx preschool-aged children. Caregivers completed the Childhood Eating Behavior Questionnaire and two 24-h dietary recalls. From the recalls, we calculated meal size, eating frequency, and modified Diet Quality Index Scores (DQIS), and evaluated associations with eating behaviors using multivariable linear models. We also explored the relationship between eating behaviors and DQIS components. Food-avoidant subscales were associated with smaller meals and satiety responsiveness were associated with decreased snack frequency. Food approach subscales were not associated with meal size or eating frequency. Both food-avoidant and food-approach behaviors were associated with components of diet quality and caloric beverages outside of meal and snacks. These findings can inform future research on the relationship between child eating behaviors and dietary intake so that we can develop more tailored and effective interventions to promote healthy eating habits for low-income, Hispanic/Latinx preschool-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Fox
- Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, 196 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - Maya Vadiveloo
- Department of Nutrition, University of Rhode Island, 41 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Karen McCurdy
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Rhode Island, 2 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Patricia Markham Risica
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 S Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Kim M Gans
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Connecticut, 348 Mainsfield Road, Stoors, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Alison Tovar
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 S Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Rotaru M, Singeap AM, Ciobica A, Huiban L, Stanciu C, Romila L, Burlui V, Mavroudis I, Trifan A. Oral Health and "Modern" Digestive Diseases: Pathophysiologic and Etiologic Factors. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1854. [PMID: 39200318 PMCID: PMC11351600 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In the contemporary era of medicine, exploring the complexity of the human body and its intricate interactions has become a central concern for health researchers. The main purpose of this article is to summarize the current understanding of relevant pathophysiological factors such as chronic inflammation, dysbiosis (microbial imbalance), and metabolic disorders, as well as etiological factors including dietary habits, lifestyle choices, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and genetic predispositions, as well as to emphasize potential avenues for upcoming studies and their medical significance. Additionally, this article aims to assess the potential impact of integrated treatment approaches on patient outcomes, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration between gastroenterologists, dentists, and other healthcare professionals to develop comprehensive care plans that address both oral and digestive health issues simultaneously. Among the branches with a significant impact on general well-being are oral cavity health and digestive diseases, which have been the subject of intensive research in recent decades. In this context, analysis of the current state of knowledge on oral cavity disorders in relation to "modern" digestive diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) becomes essential for a deeper understanding of the interconnections between oral and digestive health. The temporal overlap or succession, whether preceding or following, of oral manifestations and digestive disorders should be taken seriously by both gastroenterologists and dentists to facilitate early diagnosis and explain to patients the correlation between these two body systems. In summary, this article underscores the importance of understanding the intricate relationship between oral and digestive health, advocating for interdisciplinary approaches to improve patient outcomes and guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Rotaru
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania; (M.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Ana-Maria Singeap
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.H.); (C.S.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, Bd. Independentei No. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania; (M.R.); (A.C.)
- CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Bd. Carol I No. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei Street No. 54, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Huiban
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.H.); (C.S.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, Bd. Independentei No. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carol Stanciu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.H.); (C.S.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, Bd. Independentei No. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Bd. Carol I No. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei Street No. 54, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Romila
- “Ioan Haulica” Institute, Apollonia University, Pacurari Street No. 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Vasile Burlui
- “Ioan Haulica” Institute, Apollonia University, Pacurari Street No. 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ioannis Mavroudis
- Department of Neuroscience, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Third Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anca Trifan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (L.H.); (C.S.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, Bd. Independentei No. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Ötüken Köroğlu Y, Öztürk M. Meal Frequency Does Not Affect Weight Loss in Overweight/Obese Women but Affects the Body Composition: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:489-497. [PMID: 38349951 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2316636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies showing the relationship between meal frequency, weight loss and anthropometric measurements are contradictory. This study aims to determine the effect of meal frequency on weight loss, anthropometric measurements, and body composition. METHODS This is a parallel designed randomized control trial that was conducted with 40 female volunteers between the ages of 19-64 years, with a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥27 who applied to a private clinic. Participants were randomized in two treatment arms (3 meals + 3 snacks/day (n = 20) vs 3 meals/day (n = 20)) and same dietary energy restriction (-500kcal) was applied for 3 months. Food consumption was questioned with 3 day food records, and anthropometric measurements and body composition were measured before the study and repeated each week till the end of the study by the researcher. RESULTS All of the participants completed the study period. Body weight (kg), BMI (kg/m2), total body fat (kg), body fat percentage (%), fat free mass (kg) and waist circumference (cm) decreased, while fat free mass percentage (%) increased significantly in both of the groups at the end of the study (p < 0.05). The rate of difference for body weight, BMI (kg/m2) and waist circumference (cm) were similar among the groups. When difference in body composition analyses was examined, the rate of reduction in total body fat (-18.82 ± 4.97% vs -14.87 ± 7.44%) and body fat percentage (%)(-10.79 ± 4.63% vs -7.68 ± 7.04%) and the rate of increase in fat free mass percentage (%)(7.65 ± 3.16% vs 5.04 ± 3.44%) were significantly higher in 3 meals + 3 snacks group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION When energy restricted and balanced weight loss programs are applied, alteration in body weight, BMI and waist circumference is not affected from meal frequency, but body composition does. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT05581862 (Date of Trial Registration: 13/10/2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazgı Ötüken Köroğlu
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Northern Cyprus
| | - Müjgan Öztürk
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Northern Cyprus
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Fenton S, Ashton LM, Lee DCW, Collins CE. Gender differences in diet quality and the association between diet quality and BMI: an analysis in young Australian adults who completed the Healthy Eating Quiz. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024; 37:943-951. [PMID: 38664922 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many young adults report poor diet quality. However, research evaluating whether young adult males and females differ in diet quality is limited. Additionally, although diet quality has a known inverse association with body mass index (BMI), it is unclear whether this association is observed in young adults and whether it varies by gender. The present study aimed to evaluate gender differences in diet quality in young adults, as well as the associations between diet quality and BMI. METHODS Data collected via the Healthy Eating Quiz (HEQ) in respondents aged 18-35 years between July 2019 and December 2021 were analysed, including demographics, and diet quality calculated using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS). Differences in characteristics were analysed using a two-sample t-test, chi-squared and one-way analysis of covariance. Linear regressions were performed to estimate associations between diet quality and BMI. An interaction term was included in the model to test differences between genders. RESULTS The respondents (n = 28,969) were predominantly female (70.8%) with a mean ± SD age of 25.9 ± 5.0 years and BMI of 24.6 ± 5.2 kg/m2. The mean ± SD ARFS was significantly different between females and males (33.1 ± 8.6 vs. 31.4 ± 9.3 points out of 70; p < 0.001). Diet quality had a small, significant inverse association with BMI in both genders. The interaction effect between diet quality score and gender in predicting BMI was significant (p < 0.001), suggesting the impact of diet quality on BMI varies by gender, with lower diet quality more strongly associated with higher BMI in females compared to males. CONCLUSION Interventions that target young adults are needed to improve diet quality and its potential contribution to BMI status. As a result of the small observed effect sizes, caution should be applied in interpreting these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Fenton
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Lee M Ashton
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel C W Lee
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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Harper MM, Cunningham PM, Forde CG, Hayes JE. Unit size influences ad libitum intake in a snacking context via eating rate. Appetite 2024; 197:107300. [PMID: 38462053 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Geometric and textural properties of food, like unit size, have previously been shown to influence energy intake. While mechanism(s) driving this effect are unclear, unit size may relate to intake by affecting eating microstructure (e.g., eating rate, bite size). In a randomized crossover study, we investigated relationships between unit size, eating microstructure, and intake. Adults (n = 75, 75% women) consumed an ad libitum snack three times in our laboratory. This snack was a 70-g portion (∼2.5 servings) of one of three sizes of pretzel (small, medium, large). Intake was measured in grams by difference in weight before and after the snack. Each session was video recorded to measure eating microstructure; snack duration (min) and number of bites were annotated and used to calculate mean eating rate (g/min) and mean bite size (g/bite). Results revealed unit size influenced intake (grams and kcal; both p's ≤ 0.001), such that participants consumed 31% and 22% more of the large pretzels (16.9 ± 2.3 g) compared to the small (12.9 ± 2.3 g) and medium sizes (13.8 ± 2.3 g), respectively. Unit size also influenced eating rate and bite size (both p's < 0.001); the largest pretzel size yielded the fastest eating rate and largest mean bite size. Further analysis revealed that after accounting for eating microstructure, the effects of unit size on intake were no longer significant, suggesting eating microstructure was driving these effects. Together, these findings indicate that unit size influences intake by affecting eating microstructure and that food properties like unit size can be leveraged to moderate snack intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M Harper
- Sensory Evaluation Center, The Pennsylvania State University, USA; Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Paige M Cunningham
- Sensory Evaluation Center, The Pennsylvania State University, USA; Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Ciarán G Forde
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - John E Hayes
- Sensory Evaluation Center, The Pennsylvania State University, USA; Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, USA.
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Cheon E, Mattes RD. Interindividual variability in appetitive sensations and relationships between appetitive sensations and energy intake. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:477-485. [PMID: 38135701 PMCID: PMC10978491 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appetitive sensations (AS) are signals that guide eating behaviors. Marked short-term inter-individual variability in AS has been reported but the long-term stability of individual ratings and their dietary implications are not well characterized. OBJECTIVES This study explored the stability of inter-individual ratings of hunger, fullness and thirst for 17 weeks; determined the relationships between these sensations, eating patterns and energy intake (EI); as well as the associations between ratings and selected individual characteristics (age, gender, BMI). METHODS A 17-week observational study collected hourly appetitive ratings and dietary intake data from 97 (90 completers, 7 partial completers) healthy adults at weeks 1, 9, and 17. RESULTS There were marked and stable inter-individual differences over the 17 weeks for hunger (week 1 vs. week 9, r = 0.72 (p < 0.001); week 1 vs. week 17, r = 0.67 (p < 0.001); week 9 vs. week 17, r = 0.77 (p < 0.001)); fullness (week 1 vs. week 9 r = 0.74 (p < 0.001); week 1 vs. week 17, r = 0.71 (p < 0.001); week 9 vs. week 17, r = 0.81 (p < 0.001)); and thirst (week 1 vs. week 9 r = 0.82 (p < 0.001); week 1 vs. week 17, r = 0.81 (p < 0.001); week 9 vs. week 17, r = 0.88 (p < 0.001)). Cross-correlation functions revealed EI and eating pattern exerted stronger effects on AS than the reverse. However, the absolute effect sizes were small. Path analyses also indicated that there were weak relationships between AS and EI. No robust effects of the studied individual characteristics were observed. CONCLUSION This study found that acute and chronic sensations of hunger, fullness and thirst are relatively stable within individuals but vary markedly between individuals. In addition, the present data indicate AS are poorly associated with dietary patterns or with EI under conditions of relatively stable energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Cheon
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Richard D Mattes
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Hagenaars LL, Fazzino TL, Mackenbach JD. Giving fruits and vegetables a tax break: lessons from a Dutch attempt. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e70. [PMID: 38356382 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food taxation can improve diets by making unhealthy foods more expensive and by making healthy foods cheaper. In the Netherlands, a political window of opportunity arose in December 2021 to reduce the value-added tax (VAT) on fruits and vegetables to zero percent. The policy is now facing institutional friction along several fronts, however, delaying and potentially averting its implementation. We analysed this institutional friction to inform future food tax policies. DESIGN We qualitatively analysed open-access fiscal and health experts' position papers about benefits and downsides of the zero-rate that were discussed with members of parliament in June 2023. SETTING The Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS Not applicable. RESULTS Health and fiscal experts expressed noticeably different viewpoints towards the utility of the zero-rate. One important argument fiscal experts based their negative advice upon pertained to the legal restrictions for distinguishing between healthier and unhealthier forms of fruits and vegetables (i.e. the principle of neutrality). A zero-rate VAT on unhealthier forms of fruits and vegetables, e.g. processed cucumber, mixed with salt and sugar, would be undesirable, but differentiating between raw and processed cucumber would offend the neutrality principle. CONCLUSIONS The Dutch attempt to give fruits and vegetables a tax break highlights the need for crystal-clear food classifications when designing food tax policies. Public health nutritionists should combine classifications based on caloric density, palatability, degree of processing and nutrient content to provide a database for evidence-informed tax differentiation according to food item healthfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc L Hagenaars
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, P.O. Box 7057, Amsterdam1007 MB, The Netherlands
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tera L Fazzino
- University of Kansas, Department of Psychology, Lawrence, KS, USA
- University of Kansas, Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Joreintje Dingena Mackenbach
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Upstream Team, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Bennett G, O'Hara C, Bardon LA, Gibney ER. Comparison of Meal Patterns Across Common Racial Groups in the UK and the USA, Examining Associations with Weight Status and Diet Quality: a Secondary Analysis of NDNS and NHANES Datasets. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01890-1. [PMID: 38102513 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding diets of population subgroups is essential for monitoring health of diversifying populations, but currently, meal patterns of many population subgroups are not widely known. This paper aimed to identify meal patterns of racial groups in the UK and USA, considering if racial groups exhibit similar patterns of intake irrespective of location and relationships between meal patterns and health parameters. DESIGN Data were extracted from the UK (National Diet and Nutrition Survey) and the USA (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) national dietary surveys. Temporal and content meal patterns among racial groups in the UK and USA (White, Black, Asian and Other, n = 1780 and n = 4339, respectively) were examined. Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied to understand differences across groups. Logistic regression models identified associations between meal patterns and body mass index and diet quality. RESULTS Black groups consumed fewer eating occasions than White and Other groups in both countries, while UK racial groups consumed significantly more snacks than USA groups. Food group contribution to eating occasion consumption was similar across countries where Asian groups in the USA and UK had the lowest meat intake at lunch and dinner. Meal frequency was positively associated with diet quality. CONCLUSIONS Overall, meal patterns differ across racial groups within a single country, and some differences were observed within groups of the same race across countries. Learnings from this research highlight the differences in consumption patterns across racial groups and the importance of considering a meal-based approach to dietary guidelines by racial group.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bennett
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C O'Hara
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L A Bardon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - E R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Liu L, Xie T, Hu Z, Liu J. Association between healthy eating index-2015 and abdominal aortic calcification: A population-based cross-sectional study. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102421. [PMID: 37766726 PMCID: PMC10520950 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An association between the healthy eating index (HEI)-2015 and risk of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is unclear in the general population of the United States (U.S.). Therefore, we examined the relationship between HEI-2015 and AAC risk in our research. Methods A cross-sectional study of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) participants between 2013 and 2014 was conducted. For the analysis of the association between HEI-2015 and AAC, the restricted cubic spline (RCS) plot and multivariable logistic regression models were used. In addition, we also conducted subgroup analysis for the relationship between HEI-2015 and AAC. Results There was a total of 1162 individuals. As shown by the RCS plot, HEI-2015 was linked with AAC risk in a U-shaped pattern (P for nonlinearity < 0.05). Taking into account known confounding variables, compared with the lowest quartiles, the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for AAC across the quartiles were 0.637 (0.425,0.956), 0.763 (0.499, 1.167), and 0.842 (0.561, 1.265). Based on the results of subgroup analysis, the HEI-2015 and AAC risk were U-curve correlated among all age groups, sex, with or without hypertension or DM, and BMI of <30 kg/m2. The greens and beans, and whole fruits are independent protective factor for AAC. Conclusions The U-shaped relationships exist between HEI-2015 and prevalence of AAC in the general U.S. population. Consequently, prevalence of AAC may be mitigated with reasonable and balanced diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Lu'an People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu’an, Anhui 237005, China
| | - Tiantian Xie
- Department of Pathology, Lu'an People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu’an, Anhui 237005, China
| | - Zhongshun Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, Lu'an People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu’an, Anhui 237005, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Lu'an People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu’an, Anhui 237005, China
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Dogan BG, Tengilimoglu-Metin MM. Does mindful eating affect the diet quality of adults? Nutrition 2023; 110:112010. [PMID: 37001225 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the relationship between mindful eating and diet quality among adults in Turkey. METHODS A total of 207 adults, 138 women (66.7% of 207) and 69 men (33.3%), participated. This cross-sectional survey was carried out among adults aged 20-50 y. The following data were collected from face-to-face interviews: sociodemographic variables, health information, nutritional habits, anthropometric measurements, 24-h dietary records, and scores from the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ), Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). RESULTS The mean MEDAS scores of females were higher than those of males (P = 0.012). The mean HEI-2015 scores did not significantly differ between females and males (P > 0.05). The mean scores of the MEQ (P = 0.024) and its disinhibition (P = 0.005) and emotional eating (P = 0.000) subfactors were higher in males than in females. The MEQ mean score was negatively associated with daily energy (P = 0.038), carbohydrate (P = 0.046), and fat intake (P = 0.036). As the MEQ mean score increased, the greens and beans score (P = 0.009) and dairy intake score (P = 0.031) increased. A positive correlation was present between the eating discipline subfactor of the MEQ score and both the HEI-2015 (P = 0.002) and MEDAS mean scores (P = 0.001). However, no significant correlation was found between the mean MEQ and HEI-2015 scores and the MEDAS mean scores (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Developing mindful eating might be helpful for individual health promotion and quality of life by providing improvements in diet quality of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buse Gorgulu Dogan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Merve Tengilimoglu-Metin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Xie J, Wang Z, Zhang X, Wang J, Feng W, Hu Y, Liu N, Liu Y. Association between daily eating frequency and mortality in people with diabetes: Findings from NHANES 1999-2014. Front Nutr 2023; 10:937771. [PMID: 36742423 PMCID: PMC9894317 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.937771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that increasing the frequency of eating is beneficial in terms of cardiovascular metabolic risk factors; however, limited evidence is available for the association between daily eating frequency and mortality, especially in people with diabetes. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association between eating frequency and long-term mortality in populations with diabetes. Methods We selected 4,924 individuals suffering from diabetes (mean age: 57.77 years; 51.3% men) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2014. Daily eating frequency was used as the exposure factor in this study. We extracted the mortality data from the National Death Index records and matched them with the population of NHANES. All participants were followed up from the date of getting enrolled in NHANES to 31 December 2015. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and restricted cubic spline were used to assess the associations between eating frequency and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among people with diabetes. Results During 34,950 person-years of follow-up, 1,121 deaths were documented, including 272 cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related deaths and 156 cancer-related deaths. After adjusting for confounding factors, the daily eating frequency was linearly inversely associated with all-cause and CVD-related mortality, and the HR (95% CIs) for per one-time increment of eating frequency was 0.88 (0.80-0.98) and 0.77 (0.63-0.93), respectively. Sensitivity analyses showed that the main results and statistical significance were still stable. Conclusion Higher eating frequency was independently related to lower all-cause and CVD-related mortality in people with diabetes, which can be used as a potential strategy for daily-diet management among populations suffering from diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- College of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Information, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifang Hu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Naifeng Liu
- College of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Naifeng Liu,
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Institute of Medical Informatics and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Yun Liu,
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12
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Zhao D, Guallar E, Woolf TB, Martin L, Lehmann H, Coughlin J, Holzhauer K, Goheer AA, McTigue KM, Lent MR, Hawkins M, Clark JM, Bennett WL. Association of Eating and Sleeping Intervals With Weight Change Over Time: The Daily24 Cohort. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e026484. [PMID: 36651320 PMCID: PMC9973633 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background We aim to evaluate the association between meal intervals and weight trajectory among adults from a clinical cohort. Methods and Results This is a multisite prospective cohort study of adults recruited from 3 health systems. Over the 6-month study period, 547 participants downloaded and used a mobile application to record the timing of meals and sleep for at least 1 day. We obtained information on weight and comorbidities at each outpatient visit from electronic health records for up to 10 years before until 10 months after baseline. We used mixed linear regression to model weight trajectories. Mean age was 51.1 (SD 15.0) years, and body mass index was 30.8 (SD 7.8) kg/m2; 77.9% were women, and 77.5% reported White race. Mean interval from first to last meal was 11.5 (2.3) hours and was not associated with weight change. The number of meals per day was positively associated with weight change. The average difference in annual weight change (95% CI) associated with an increase of 1 daily meal was 0.28 kg (0.02-0.53). Conclusions Number of daily meals was positively associated with weight change over 6 years. Our findings did not support the use of time-restricted eating as a strategy for long-term weight loss in a general medical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Thomas B. Woolf
- Department of PhysiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Lindsay Martin
- Division of General Internal MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Harold Lehmann
- Division of Health Sciences InformaticsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Janelle Coughlin
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Katherine Holzhauer
- Division of General Internal MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Attia A. Goheer
- Department of Health Policy and ManagementJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | | | - Michelle R. Lent
- School of Professional and Applied PsychologyPhiladelphia College of Osteopathic MedicinePhiladelphiaPA
| | - Marquis Hawkins
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA
| | - Jeanne M. Clark
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD,Division of General Internal MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Wendy L. Bennett
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD,Division of General Internal MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
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13
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Arefinia S, Jarahi L, Khedmatgozar H, Abadi SEH, Moghadam MRSF, Tchernof A, Soleimaninia H, Rezvani R. Eating frequency has an inverse correlation with adiposity measures and non-invasive arterial stiffness parameters in healthy adult people. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2023; 35:21-31. [PMID: 35840429 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle modifications have been recommended as an essential treatment approach for cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have shown that eating frequency (EF) correlates with hypertension and related risk of organ damage. This study aimed to examine critical clinical implications to evaluate the association of EF with arterial stiffness parameters as an early marker of atherosclerosis manifestations. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 658 participants of the PERSIAN Organizational Cohort study in Mashhad, aged 30-70 years. Arterial stiffness was assessed by measurement markers of arteriosclerosis, including arterial age, augmentation index (AIx), augmentation pressure (AP), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (Cf-PWV), and central blood pressure. Differences in anthropometric indices, blood indices, and arterial stiffness parameters were evaluated across EF groups. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that EF was positively correlated with total daily energy intake, and favourable profiles of adiposity and blood lipids. Subjects with an increased EF, had significantly lower AIx, AP, Arterial Age and Central blood pressure (P for trend<0.001) as compared to Lowest EF and not significant with PWV (P for trend, 0.19). Arterial stiffness was also significantly lower in those with increased EF compared with subjects with low EF. By Linear regression analysis, after adjustment for Confounding factors, except PWV, EF showed the associations with all of the non-invasive arterial stiffness parameters. CONCLUSION Increased EF is associated with a lower wave reflection and blood pressure in the central arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Arefinia
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lida Jarahi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Khedmatgozar
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Saeed Eslami Hasan Abadi
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - André Tchernof
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Hosein Soleimaninia
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Rezvani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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14
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A Higher Healthy Eating Index Is Associated with Decreased Markers of Inflammation and Lower Odds for Being Overweight/Obese Based on a Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235127. [PMID: 36501156 PMCID: PMC9738448 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a health risk characterized by chronic inflammation, and food choices are strongly associated with its etiology. Our objective was to investigate the association between dietary patterns and the healthy eating index (HEI) with the odds of overweight/obesity and related inflammatory markers. Within a population-based case-control study, we collected data and samples from 793 normal-weight and 812 overweight/obese Iranian people (based on either body mass index (BMI) or body surface area (BSA)). Dietary intake and HEI scores were obtained via a validated 124-item food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric and socioeconomic parameters, as well as blood inflammatory markers, were measured. Participants with higher HEI scores had higher serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and significantly lower energy intake. Water consumption in the overweight/obese group was significantly lower than in the control group. In the final models using partial correlation and controlling for multiple confounders, there was a significant inverse correlation between HEI and interleukin-4 (IL-4, R = -0.063), IL-1β (R = -0.054), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP, R = -0.069). Based on multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for multiple confounders, there was a significant association between HEI as a continuous variable (OR = 0.993, 95% CI: 0.988-0.999) and categorical variable (OR = 0.801, 95% CI: 0.658-0.977) and odds of overweight/obesity across BMI groups. The dietary patterns in the case and control groups however were similar, and we failed to find a significant association between HEI and odds of overweight/obesity based on BSA. Adherence to healthy eating recommendations may be a prudent recommendation to prevent overweight/obesity and keeping inflammatory indicators low.
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15
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Martin MA, Gough Courtney M, Lippert AM. The Risks and Consequences of Skipping Meals for Low-Income Mothers. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11113-022-09743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Eating Patterns during Pregnancy and Postpartum and Their Association with Diet Quality and Energy Intake. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061167. [PMID: 35334823 PMCID: PMC8949106 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between meal-specific eating patterns during pregnancy and postpartum with maternal diet quality and energy intake. Participants in a prospective cohort study completed 24-h dietary recalls three times throughout both pregnancy and 1 year postpartum (n = 420). Linear regressions estimated the associations of eating frequency (number of daily main meals and eating occasions), meal and energy regularity (meal skipping and variation of daily energy intake), and intake timing patterns (distribution of energy intake throughout the day, derived using principal component analysis) with daily energy intake and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015, calculated daily and overall, across both pregnancy and postpartum). Eating frequency was positively associated with energy intake and daily diet quality. Irregular meals were associated with lower energy intake in pregnancy but not postpartum and with lower pregnancy and postpartum diet quality. Energy irregularity was not associated with energy intake or diet quality. Higher postpartum diet quality was associated with a morning energy intake pattern (versus late morning/early afternoon or evening). Differences in these associations between pregnancy and postpartum suggest that efforts to support optimal energy intake and diet quality by modifying eating patterns may require specific strategies for pregnancy and postpartum.
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17
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Massicard M, Drak Alsibai K, Nacher M, Sabbah N. Nutritional and Socioeconomic Determinants of Overweight and Obesity in the French Amazon: The Health Barometer Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:849718. [PMID: 35498399 PMCID: PMC9040446 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.849718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES French Guiana is a multicultural overseas territory where obesity is a major public health problem. This study aimed to highlight the nutritional and socioeconomic determinants of overweight and obesity in different populations in French Guiana. METHODS A two-stage random sample of 1390 individuals aged 15 to 75 years was surveyed by telephone, and the participants were initially screened for diabetes. Logistic regression was fitted on the sample to adjust for potential confounding factors. RESULTS Overweight and obesity were found in 54.7% of the respondents, a higher proportion than in mainland France. There was a significant body image discrepancy in our population, with a higher risk of obesity among single women, often immigrants from the non-French Caribbean and South America, unemployed or low education. CONCLUSIONS The main factors associated with obesity were being a precariousness immigrant; there was often a mismatch between body image and overweight/obesity, which is a major obstacle to the improvement of dietary behaviors and lifestyle. This information provides operational clues as to where to act and the necessary adaptations to attempt to modify behaviors in a culturally-adapted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Massicard
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Centre Hospitalier André Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Kinan Drak Alsibai
- Department of Pathology, Cayenne Hospital Center Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Center of Biological Resources (CRB Amazonie), Cayenne Hospital Center Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Clinical Investigation Center, Centre Hospitalier André Rosemon, University Antilles French Guiana (CIC INSERM 1424), Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Nadia Sabbah
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Centre Hospitalier André Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Clinical Investigation Center, Centre Hospitalier André Rosemon, University Antilles French Guiana (CIC INSERM 1424), Cayenne, French Guiana
- *Correspondence: Nadia Sabbah,
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18
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Cheon E, Reister EJ, Hunter SR, Mattes RD. Finding the Sweet Spot: Measurement, Modification, and Application of Sweet Hedonics in Humans. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2358-2371. [PMID: 33957666 PMCID: PMC8634475 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweetness is a sensation that contributes to the palatability of foods, which is the primary driver of food choice. Thus, understanding how to measure the appeal (hedonics) of sweetness and how to modify it are key to effecting dietary change for health. Sweet hedonics is multidimensional so can only be captured by multiple approaches including assessment of elements such as liking, preference, and consumption intent. There are both innate and learned components to the appeal of sweet foods and beverages. These are responsive to various behavioral and biological factors, suggesting the opportunity to modify intake. Given the high amount of added sugar intake in the United States and recommendations from many groups to reduce this, further exploration of current hypothesized approaches to moderate sugar intake (e.g., induced hedonic shift, use of low-calorie sweeteners) is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Cheon
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Evan J Reister
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Stephanie R Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Richard D Mattes
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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19
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Sebastian RS, Wilkinson Enns C, Goldman JD, Murayi T, Moshfegh AJ. Late Evening Eating Patterns among US Adults Vary in Their Associations With, and Impact on, Energy Intake and Diet Quality: Evidence from What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 122:932-948.e3. [PMID: 34800696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evening eating has been associated with higher energy intake and lower nutrient density. However, these qualities may not characterize all late evening (LE) eating patterns. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize US adults' LE eating patterns on a given day and identify differences, if any, in pattern-specific associations with, and impact on, daily energy intake and total diet quality. DESIGN LE eating patterns, energy intakes, and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores were identified using Day-1 dietary recall data from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING The sample included adults aged ≥ 20 years (n = 9,861). LE reporters were respondents who consumed foods/beverages between 20:00 and 23:59 on the intake day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Energy intake and HEI-2015 scores by LE status/pattern and the impact of LE consumption on these measures. STATISTICAL ANALYSES Cluster analysis assigned individuals to LE eating patterns based on the LE energy contribution of food/beverage groups. Regression models estimated energy intake and HEI-2015 scores; estimates were compared between LE reporters and nonreporters. Similarly, LE's contribution to total energy and the difference in total HEI inclusive vs exclusive of LE consumption were estimated and compared among patterns. RESULTS Among US adults, 64.4% were LE reporters. Eleven LE patterns were identified; the six most prevalent patterns (representing 89% of LE reporters) were further analyzed. Daily energy intake in all prevalent patterns except the fruit pattern exceeded that of nonreporters by ≥ 268 kcal (unadjusted; P < 0.001), varying by pattern. Conversely, total HEI score did not differ from that of nonreporters (51.0) in any pattern except the fruit pattern, where it was higher (57.4, unadjusted; P < 0.001). Generally, LE consumption's impact on energy was high and its impact on HEI scores was low. CONCLUSIONS Late evening food/beverage consumption is common among US adults, and LE patterns are not monolithic in their associations with, and impact on, total energy intake and dietary quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda S Sebastian
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Surveys Research Group, Beltsville, Maryland.
| | - Cecilia Wilkinson Enns
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Surveys Research Group, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Joseph D Goldman
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Surveys Research Group, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Theophile Murayi
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Surveys Research Group, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Alanna J Moshfegh
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Surveys Research Group, Beltsville, Maryland
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20
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Cole RE, Jayne JM, O'Connor K, McGraw SM, Beyl R, DiChiara AJ, Karl JP. Development and Validation of the Military Eating Behavior Survey. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:798-810. [PMID: 34215517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.04.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the Military Eating Behavior Survey (MEBS), developed, and validated for use in military populations. DESIGN Questionnaire development using a 6-phase approach that included item generation, subject matter expert review, cognitive interviewing, factor analysis, test-retest reliability testing, and parallel forms testing. SETTING US Army soldiers were surveyed at 8 military bases from 2016 to 2019 (n = 1,561). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Content, face, and construct validity and reliability of the MEBS. ANALYSIS Item variability, internal consistency, and exploratory factor analysis using principal coordinates analysis, orthogonal varimax rotation, and scree test (correlation coefficient and Cronbach alpha), as well as consistency and agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient) of test-retest reliability and parallel forms reliability. RESULTS Over 6 phases of testing, a comprehensive tool to examine military eating habits and mediators of eating behavior was developed. Questionnaire length was reduced from 277 items to 133 items (43 eating habits; 90 mediating behaviors). Factor analysis identified 14 eating habit scales (hunger, satiety, food craving, meal pattern, restraint, diet rigidity, emotional eating, fast/slow eating rate, environmental triggers, situational eating, supplement use, and food choice) and 8 mediating factor scales (body composition strategy, perceived stress, food access, sleep habits, military fitness, physical activity, military body image, and nutrition knowledge). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The MEBS provides a new approach for assessing eating behavior in military personnel and may be used to inform and evaluate health promotion interventions related to weight management, performance optimization, and military readiness and resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee E Cole
- US Military-Baylor University Graduate Program in Nutrition, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, TX.
| | - Julianna M Jayne
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
| | - Kristie O'Connor
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
| | - Susan M McGraw
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
| | - Robbie Beyl
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Adam J DiChiara
- Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, US Army Soldier Systems Center, Natick MA
| | - J Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
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21
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Almoraie NM, Saqaan R, Alharthi R, Alamoudi A, Badh L, Shatwan IM. Snacking patterns throughout the life span: potential implications on health. Nutr Res 2021; 91:81-94. [PMID: 34144310 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Eating outside the three main meals - in other words, snacking - is a part of the dietary pattern of individuals in all stages of life. The quality and pattern of snacking have an impact on health during the life span. Thus, the aim of this review was to evaluate various patterns and health outcomes of the snacking habits of different demographical groups, from children to the elderly, throughout their life span. We discuss the snacking pattern among children and adolescents, which is characterized by consuming high energy foods with low nutrient value, and which is associated with increased risk of obesity. During university years, study stress and lack of time were obstacles to a healthy dietary pattern involving nutritious snacks, although awareness of the importance of healthy snacks was higher in this group than among younger age groups. Employment status and skipping regular meals were important factors affecting snacking quality and patterns in adulthood. Unhealthy snacks, high in energy, sugar, and salt and low in nutrients, were demonstrated to have a negative impact on individuals' health, such as oral health, blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes. In conclusion, encouraging individuals to consume healthy snacks that are high in nutrients through education to help them plan for their snacks is important to enhance health and reduce disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Almoraie
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rula Saqaan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Alharthi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alamoudi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Badh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Israa M Shatwan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Mitchell ES, Yang Q, Ho AS, Behr H, May CN, DeLuca L, Michaelides A. Self-Reported Nutritional Factors Are Associated with Weight Loss at 18 Months in a Self-Managed Commercial Program with Food Categorization System: Observational Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051733. [PMID: 34065277 PMCID: PMC8160976 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about nutritional factors during weight loss on digital commercial weight loss programs. We examined how nutritional factors relate to weight loss for individuals after 4 and 18 months on a mobile commercial program with a food categorization system based on energy density (Noom). This is a two-part (retrospective and cross-sectional) cohort study. Two time points were used for analysis: 4 months and 18 months. For 4-month analyses, current Noom users who met inclusion criteria (n = 9880) were split into 5% or more body weight loss and stable weight loss (0 ± 1%) groups. Individuals who fell into one of these groups were analyzed at 4 months (n = 3261). For 18-month analyses, individuals from 4-month analyses who were still on Noom 18 months later were invited to take a one-time survey (n = 803). At 18 months 148 participants were analyzed. Noom has a system categorizing foods as low-, medium-, and high-energy-dense. Measures were self-reported proportions of low-, medium-, and high-energy-dense foods, and self-reported nutritional factors (fruit and vegetable intake, dietary quality, nutrition knowledge, and food choice). Nutritional factors were derived from validated survey measures, and food choice from a novel validated computerized task in which participants chose a food they would want to eat right now. ANOVAs compared participants with 5% or more body weight loss and participants with stable weight (0 ± 1%) at 4 months on energy density proportions. Analyses at 18 months compared nutritional factors across participants with >10% (high weight loss), 5–10% (moderate weight loss), and less than 5% body weight loss (low weight loss), and then assessed associations between nutritional factors and weight loss. Individuals with greater weight loss reported consuming higher proportions of low-energy-dense foods and lower proportions of high-energy-dense foods than individuals with less weight loss at 4 months and 18 months (all ps < 0.02). Individuals with greater weight loss had higher fruit and vegetable intake (p = 0.03), dietary quality (p = 0.02), nutrition knowledge (p < 0.001), and healthier food choice (p = 0.003) at 18 months. Only nutrition knowledge and food choice were associated with weight loss at 18 months (B = −19.44, 95% CI: −33.19 to −5.69, p = 0.006; B = −5.49, 95% CI: −8.87 to −2.11, p = 0.002, respectively). Our results highlight the potential influence of nutrition knowledge and food choice in weight loss on a self-managed commercial program. We also found for the first time that in-the-moment inclination towards food even when just depicted is associated with long-term weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen S. Mitchell
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10001, USA; (Q.Y.); (A.S.H.); (H.B.); (C.N.M.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Qiuchen Yang
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10001, USA; (Q.Y.); (A.S.H.); (H.B.); (C.N.M.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Annabell S. Ho
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10001, USA; (Q.Y.); (A.S.H.); (H.B.); (C.N.M.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Heather Behr
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10001, USA; (Q.Y.); (A.S.H.); (H.B.); (C.N.M.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- Department of Integrative Health, Saybrook University, 55 W Eureka Street, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA
| | - Christine N. May
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10001, USA; (Q.Y.); (A.S.H.); (H.B.); (C.N.M.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Laura DeLuca
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10001, USA; (Q.Y.); (A.S.H.); (H.B.); (C.N.M.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, 1165 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andreas Michaelides
- Academic Research, Noom, 229 W 28th St., New York, NY 10001, USA; (Q.Y.); (A.S.H.); (H.B.); (C.N.M.); (L.D.); (A.M.)
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Garcidueñas-Fimbres TE, Paz-Graniel I, Nishi SK, Salas-Salvadó J, Babio N. Eating Speed, Eating Frequency, and Their Relationships with Diet Quality, Adiposity, and Metabolic Syndrome, or Its Components. Nutrients 2021; 13:1687. [PMID: 34063439 PMCID: PMC8156274 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight is a major global health concern, particularly due to its associated increased health risks. Several strategies have been proposed to prevent overweight and obesity onset. In the past decade, it has been suggested that eating speed/rate and eating frequency might be related to obesity. The main aim of this narrative review was to summarize existing evidence regarding the impact of eating speed/rate and eating frequency on adiposity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), or diet quality (DQ). For this purpose, a literature search of observational and interventional trials was conducted between June and September 2020 in PubMed and Web of Sciences databases, without any data filters and no limitations for publication date. Results suggest that children and adults with a faster eating speed/rate may be associated with a higher risk of developing adiposity, MetS or its components. Furthermore, a higher eating frequency could be associated with diet quality improvement, lower adiposity, and lower risk of developing MetS or its components. Further interventional trials are warranted to clarify the mechanism by which these eating behaviors might have a potential impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tany E. Garcidueñas-Fimbres
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, 43201 Reus, Spain; (T.E.G.-F.); (I.P.-G.); (S.K.N.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Indira Paz-Graniel
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, 43201 Reus, Spain; (T.E.G.-F.); (I.P.-G.); (S.K.N.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephanie K. Nishi
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, 43201 Reus, Spain; (T.E.G.-F.); (I.P.-G.); (S.K.N.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, 43201 Reus, Spain; (T.E.G.-F.); (I.P.-G.); (S.K.N.)
| | - Nancy Babio
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, 43201 Reus, Spain; (T.E.G.-F.); (I.P.-G.); (S.K.N.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Daily Eating Frequency in US Adults: Associations with Low-Calorie Sweeteners, Body Mass Index, and Nutrient Intake (NHANES 2007-2016). Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092566. [PMID: 32847041 PMCID: PMC7551388 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of relationships between eating frequency and/or timing and energy intake have not examined associations with low-calorie sweeteners (LCS). We assessed the frequency of eating behavior related to LCS consumption emphasizing timing, calorie intake, and body mass index (BMI) among United States (US) adults aged ≥19 years. Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2016, we defined eating episodes as food and/or beverage intake within 15 min of one another over the first 24-h dietary recall. We coded items ingested during episodes (n = 136,938) and assessed LCS presence using US Department of Agriculture (USDA) food files. Episode analysis found intakes of foods only (27.4%), beverages only (29.5%), and foods with beverages (43.0%). LCS items were consumed without concurrent calories from other sources in fewer than 2.7% of all episodes. Within participants having normal weight (29.4%), overweight (33.6%) and obese (37.1%) BMIs, LCS consumers (35.2% overall) evidenced: more episodes/day; and fewer: calories, carbohydrates, fats, and protein per episode. Per person, those consuming LCS had lower total calories and higher fiber intake per day. LCS consumption was associated with higher BMI. Number of eating episodes/day and longer hours when eating episodes occurred were also consistently associated with higher BMI. Consuming LCS did not modify these relationships. These results did not show that LCS consumption was associated with increased caloric intake from other dietary sources.
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Neuhouser ML, Wertheim BC, Perrigue MM, Hingle M, Tinker LF, Shikany JM, Johnson KC, Waring ME, Seguin-Fowler RA, Vitolins MZ, Schnall E, Snetselaar L, Thomson C. Associations of Number of Daily Eating Occasions with Type 2 Diabetes Risk in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa126. [PMID: 32832844 PMCID: PMC7431012 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 23 million Americans have type 2 diabetes (T2D). Eating habits such as breakfast consumption, time-restricted eating, and limiting daily eating occasions have been explored as behaviors for reducing T2D risk, but prior evidence is inconclusive. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to examine associations between number of daily eating occasions and T2D risk in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial (WHI-DM) and whether associations vary by BMI, age, or race/ethnicity. METHODS Participants were postmenopausal women in the WHI-DM who comprised a 4.6% subsample completing 24-h dietary recalls (24HRs) at years 3 and 6 as part of trial adherence activities (n = 2159). Numbers of eating occasions per day were obtained from the year 3 24HRs, and participants were grouped into approximate tertiles as 1-3 (n = 795), 4 (n = 713), and ≥5 (n = 651) daily eating occasions as the exposure. Incident diabetes was self-reported on semiannual questionnaires as the outcome. RESULTS Approximately 15% (15.4%, n = 332) of the WHI-DM 24HR cohort reported incident diabetes at follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression tested associations of eating occasions with T2D adjusted for neighborhood socioeconomic status, BMI, waist circumference, race/ethnicity, family history of T2D, recreational physical activity, Healthy Eating Index-2005, 24HR energy intake, and WHI-DM arm. Compared with women reporting 1-3 meals/d, those consuming 4 meals/d had a T2D HR = 1.38 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.84) without further increases in risk for ≥5 meals/d. In stratified analyses, associations for 4 meals/d compared with 1-3 meals/d were stronger in women with BMI <30.0 kg/m2 (HR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.39) and women aged ≥60 (HR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.33). CONCLUSIONS Four meals per day compared with 1-3 meals/d was associated with increased risk of T2D in postmenopausal women, but no dose-response effect was observed for additional eating occasions. Further studies are needed to understand eating occasions in relation to T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian L Neuhouser
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Martine M Perrigue
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Melanie Hingle
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karen C Johnson
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Molly E Waring
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Mara Z Vitolins
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Eliezer Schnall
- Psychology Department, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Cynthia Thomson
- Canyon Ranch Center for Prevention & Health Promotion, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Reister EJ, Leidy HJ. An Afternoon Hummus Snack Affects Diet Quality, Appetite, and Glycemic Control in Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2020; 150:2214-2222. [PMID: 32488233 PMCID: PMC7398782 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Snacking continues to be a major component in the dietary patterns of most Americans despite conflicting evidence surrounding snacking healthfulness. Low-sugar, highly nutritive snacks, such as hummus, can lead to improvements in diet quality, appetite, and glycemic control. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of afternoon snacking on diet quality, appetite, and glycemic control in healthy adults. METHODS Thirty-nine adults (age: 26 ± 1 y; BMI: 24.4 ± 0.5 kg/m2) randomly completed the following afternoon snack patterns for 6 d/pattern: hummus and pretzels [HUMMUS; 240 kcal; 6 g protein, 31 g carbohydrate (2 g sugar), 11 g fat]; granola bars [BARS; 240 kcal; 4 g protein, 38 g carbohydrate (16 g sugar), 9 g fat]; or no snacking (NO SNACK). On day 7 of each pattern, a standardized breakfast and lunch were provided. The respective snack was provided to participants 3 h after lunch, and appetite, satiety, and mood questionnaires were completed throughout the afternoon. At 3 h postsnack, a standardized dinner was consumed, and an evening snack cooler was provided to be consumed, ad libitum at home, throughout the evening. Lastly, 24 h continuous glucose monitoring was performed. RESULTS HUMMUS reduced subsequent snacking on desserts by ∼20% compared with NO SNACK (P = 0.001) and BARS (P < 0.001). HUMMUS led to greater dietary compensation compared with BARS (122 ± 31% compared with 72 ± 32%, respectively; P < 0.05). HUMMUS reduced indices of appetite (i.e., hunger, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption) by ∼70% compared with NO SNACK (all P < 0.05), whereas BARS did not. Additionally, satiety was ∼30% greater following HUMMUS and BARS compared with NO SNACK (both P < 0.005) with no differences between snacks. Lastly, HUMMUS reduced afternoon blood glucose concentrations by ∼5% compared with BARS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Acute consumption of a low-sugar, afternoon hummus snack improved diet quality and selected indices of appetite, satiety, and glycemic control in healthy adults. Long-term trials assessing the effects of hummus snacking on health outcomes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Reister
- Department of Nutrition Science; Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Heather J Leidy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Pediatrics; University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX, USA,Address correspondence to HJL (e-mail: )
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Jiang H, Zhang J, Du W, Su C, Zhang B, Wang H. Energy intake and energy contributions of macronutrients and major food sources among Chinese adults: CHNS 2015 and CNTCS 2015. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 75:314-324. [PMID: 32724092 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive energy intake and unbalanced food choices are major health concerns associated with obesity and related chronic diseases. This study evaluates the levels of dietary energy intake and the energy contributions of macronutrients, major food sources, and various eating occasions and processed food among Chinese adults. METHODS The study examined a cross-sectional sample from CHNS and CNTCS 2015 that used three 24 h recalls and calculated energy intake and food sources based on the China Food Composition Table. After excluding extreme values, the analyses included 11,974 subjects aged 18-64. RESULTS The estimated energy intake was 2063.3 kcal/d (2243.8 kcal/d for males and 1902.4 kcal/d for females), and 39.1% of subjects met the gender-age-PA-based Estimated Energy Requirement. The proportion of energy from fats was 35.8% without significant age or gender differences. Adults of lower socioeconomic statuses, indicated by lower education levels and lower household incomes per capita, consumed lower percentages of energy from fats and higher percentages from carbohydrates. The study population as a whole reported an average energy density of 1.88 kcal/g and an energy contribution from restaurant foods of 1.8%. CONCLUSIONS The study reports a lower energy intake level than CHNS 2009. Adults living in southern China or urban areas, which are relatively developed regions, or with higher socioeconomic statuses consumed less energy from carbohydrates, moderate amounts from proteins, and more from fats, indicating a need for dietary guidelines or interventions that take into account socio-demographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Jiang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Du
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Su
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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Meal and snack frequency in relation to diet quality in Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study using different definitions of meals and snacks. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:1219-1228. [PMID: 32594916 PMCID: PMC7653514 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence on the association between eating frequency and overall diet quality does not represent a consistent picture. This cross-sectional study examined the associations of meal frequency and snack frequency with diet quality, using different definitions of meals and snacks. Based on 4-d weighed dietary record data obtained from 639 Japanese adults aged 20-81 years, all eating occasions were divided into meals or snacks based on either the participant-identified or time-of-day definitions. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3 (NRF9.3). One additional meal per d increased the HEI-2015 total score by 3·6 and 1·3 points based on the participant-identified and time-of-day definitions, respectively. A higher meal frequency was also associated with higher values of some of the HEI-2015 component scores (total vegetables, greens and beans, and total protein foods), irrespective of how meals were defined. Additionally, one additional participant-identified snack per d increased the HEI-2015 total score by 0·7 points. The frequency of participant-identified snacks also showed positive associations with some of the HEI-2015 component scores (total fruits, whole fruits, total vegetables, greens and beans, dairy products, and Na). However, the frequency of time-of-day defined snacks was not associated with the total scores of HEI-2015, although there were some associations for its components. Similar findings were obtained when the NRF9.3 was used. In conclusion, higher meal frequency was consistently associated with higher diet quality, while associations between snack frequency and diet quality varied depending on the definition of snacks.
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Association between Ready-to-Eat Cereal Consumption and Nutrient Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Diet Quality in Adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2016. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122952. [PMID: 31817088 PMCID: PMC6950451 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined differences in dietary intake between ready-to-eat cereal eaters and non-eaters in adults from the United States. Participants (n = 5163) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016 were included. One-day dietary recall was used to define ready-to-eat cereal consumption status and estimate dietary intake in eaters and non-eaters. Data from Food Patterns Equivalent Database 2015–2016 were used to compare intakes of food groups by consumption status. Diet quality was assessed by Healthy Eating Index 2015. Nineteen percent of US adults were ready-to-eat cereal eaters; they had a similar level of energy intake as non-eaters, but they had significantly higher intake of dietary fiber, and several vitamins and minerals, such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D. They were also more likely to meet nutrient recommendations. Compared to non-eaters, ready-to-eat cereal eaters had the same level of added sugar intake but they had significantly higher intake of whole grains, total fruits, and dairy products. The diet quality of ready-to-eat cereal eaters was significantly higher than that of non-eaters. The study supports that ready-to-eat cereal eaters have better dietary intake with a healthier dietary pattern than non-eaters in the United States.
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The impact of a higher eating frequency on the diet quality and nutritional status of women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Br J Nutr 2019; 123:410-418. [PMID: 31762435 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the association between eating frequency (EF), diet quality and nutritional status of fifty-five women with breast cancer (BC) undergoing chemotherapy (CT), with three follow-ups, before the first cycle (T0), after the intermediate cycle (T1) and after the last cycle of CT (T2). Dietary data were obtained by nine 24-h dietary recalls (24HR), and the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R) was used for qualitative analysis of diet. The average EF was established by adding the number of daily eating episodes in the three 24HR of each time. Anthropometric variables were obtained at three times. Women who reported higher EF (equal to or above median value (T0 and T1: 4·67; T2: 4·33 eating episodes)) presented better anthropometric parameters, in T0 and T1, as well as higher scores for BHEI-R specific groups and BHEI-R Total score in T1 and T2. In generalised linear models, the continuous variable EF was negatively associated with all the anthropometric variables in T0 and with the waist:height ratio in T1. There were positive associations for the BHEI-R groups at the three times: Total Fruit; Whole Fruit; Total Vegetables; Dark Green and Orange Vegetables and Legumes. At T1 and T2 the EF was positively associated with the BHEI-R Total score, and also with Whole Grains in T1. The results suggest that a higher EF was associated with a better diet quality during CT in women with BC. In contrast, an inverse association was observed between EF and anthropometric parameters before the first cycle of treatment.
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Loy SL, Cheung YB, Colega MT, Chia A, Han CY, Godfrey KM, Chong YS, Shek LPC, Tan KH, Lek N, Chan JKY, Chong MFF, Yap F. Associations of Circadian Eating Pattern and Diet Quality with Substantial Postpartum Weight Retention. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112686. [PMID: 31698715 PMCID: PMC6893719 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides food quantity and quality, food timing and frequency may contribute to weight regulation. It is unclear if these factors during pregnancy can influence maternal weight retention after childbirth. We thus aimed to examine the associations of maternal circadian eating pattern and diet quality in pregnancy with substantial postpartum weight retention (PPWR) at 18 months in an Asian cohort. We assessed circadian eating pattern and diet quality of 687 women using 24-h dietary recalls at 26–28 weeks’ gestation. We calculated PPWR by subtracting maternal weight in the first trimester from weight at 18-month postpartum and defined substantial PPWR as ≥5 kg weight retention. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed. Overall, 16% of women had substantial PPWR. After the confounders adjustment, night eating, defined by greater night-time caloric intake (odds ratio 1.95; 95% confidence interval 1.05, 3.62), and lower diet quality, classified by median score of the Healthy Eating Index (1.91; 1.17, 3.10), were independently associated with higher odds of substantial PPWR. No associations with substantial PPWR were observed for night fasting duration and number of eating episodes. In conclusion, alignment of eating time with day–night cycles and diet quality during pregnancy may play a role in PPWR, with possible implications for long-term obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Ling Loy
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore;
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (K.H.T.); (N.L.)
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (Y.-S.C.); (L.P.-C.S.); (M.F.-F.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.L.L.); (F.Y.)
| | - Yin Bun Cheung
- Programme in Health Services & Systems Research and Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Arvo Ylpönkatu 34 (ARVO B235), 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Marjorelee T. Colega
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (Y.-S.C.); (L.P.-C.S.); (M.F.-F.C.)
| | - Airu Chia
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Chad Yixian Han
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Science, Flinders University, Sturt Rd, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
- Department of Dietetics, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK;
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (Y.-S.C.); (L.P.-C.S.); (M.F.-F.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (Y.-S.C.); (L.P.-C.S.); (M.F.-F.C.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 12, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (K.H.T.); (N.L.)
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Ngee Lek
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (K.H.T.); (N.L.)
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Jerry Kok Yen Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore;
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (K.H.T.); (N.L.)
| | - Mary Foong-Fong Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore; (M.T.C.); (Y.-S.C.); (L.P.-C.S.); (M.F.-F.C.)
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (K.H.T.); (N.L.)
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.L.L.); (F.Y.)
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Energy Balance and Active Lifestyle: Potential Mediators of Health and Quality of Life Perception in Aging. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092122. [PMID: 31489886 PMCID: PMC6770584 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between aging and perception of health and quality of life is complex and its mediation mechanisms need to be further explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of total energy expenditure and intake, body mass, and body image dissatisfaction on the relationship between age and perception of health and quality of life. Forty-two senior athletes, 55 physically active, and 61 sedentary individuals (aged 55–84 years) were evaluated for total energy expenditure (EE), energy intake (EI), body mass index (BMI), absolute Body Dissatisfaction Index (BDIabx), and physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) health and quality of life perception. Multiple mediation analyses were applied to assess the relationship between age and PCS and MCS indices, through the mediators EE, EI, BMI, and BDIabx. For MCS, but not for PSC, the mediation analysis showed: (a) a direct effect of age; (b) a mediation path through EE, EI, BMI, and BDIabx; and (c) a positive total effect. The combination of positive and negative mediating effects influencing the mental health perception underlined that with advancing age, the maintenance of high levels of energy expenditure through physical activity could positively impact body image satisfaction and, in turn, mental health.
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Rippin HL, Hutchinson J, Jewell J, Breda JJ, Cade JE. Portion Size of Energy-Dense Foods among French and UK Adults by BMI Status. Nutrients 2018; 11:E12. [PMID: 30577527 PMCID: PMC6356251 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence links consumed food portion size (FPS) and excess weight via increased energy intake. Policies to regulate on-pack serving sizes may be needed; determining consumed FPS of popular energy-dense foods for normal weight and overweight or obese (OWOB) adults, as reported here, may provide evidence to assist this. Data were analysed from national cross-sectional surveys, the French Étude Individuelle Nationale des Consommations Alimentaires2 2005⁻2007 (n = 2117), and UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008⁻2014 (n = 3413). The impact of body mass index (BMI) on FPS is also investigated, adjusting for age, sex and under-reporting. Effects of under-reporting on relationships between FPS and BMI; and BMI on consumption frequency (UK only) were explored. OWOB reported larger FPS than normal-weight individuals in many, but not all food subgroups; however, there were only two significant FPS differences. In adjusted analyses, French individuals consumed 1.0 g (99% CI 0.01⁻2.1 p = 0.01) greater FPS in cakes for 1 point difference in BMI. 'Other cakes' and 'dark chocolate' were also significantly positively associated with BMI. High-fat bar snacks, but no UK main food groups, were positively associated with BMI. There was limited evidence of links between FPS and BMI in UK and French national cross-sectional data, possibly due to data limitations such as under-reporting. Future work should explore this and relationships between consumed FPS and on-pack suggested serving sizes to provide evidence to assist obesity-prevention policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Rippin
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group (NEG), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Jayne Hutchinson
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group (NEG), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Jo Jewell
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Joao J Breda
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Janet E Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group (NEG), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Brinkley JS, Oniffrey TM, Zhang R, Chen G, Li R, Moore JB. Eating Frequency Is Not Associated with Obesity in Chinese Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112561. [PMID: 30445753 PMCID: PMC6266818 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been increasing globally. Recent studies suggest that eating frequency (EF) might be a factor influencing the development of overweight and obesity. This study aims to explore the association between eating frequency and obesity in Chinese adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Wuhan, China, from March to June 2016. A self-administered questionnaire and 24-h dietary recall were used to collect data on sociodemographic variables, lifestyle factors, nutrition knowledge, and eating frequency. Participants were divided into four groups according to eating frequency and meal timing: traditional time pattern (TTP), traditional time plus late snack pattern (TTLSP), irregular time pattern (ITP), and all-day pattern (ADP). We performed the chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression to assess associations among variables using JMP statistical software version 14.0.0 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Respondents were Chinese adults (N = 2290; range 29⁻74 years; 1162 men). Lower education level, higher food budget, and lower nutrition knowledge were associated with higher likelihood of irregular EF patterns (TTLSP, ITP, or ADP). Men, non-smokers, and participants with less physical activity, lower education level, or lower nutrition knowledge were more likely to be obese. Body mass index (BMI) categorization was significantly different among EF pattern groups (χ² = 25.40, p = 0.003); however, this association was no longer significant in the regression model after adjustment for age, sex, education, smoking, food budget, nutrition knowledge, and physical activity. Thus, EF is not associated with obesity in Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinge Zhang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yueqiao Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | | | | | - Rui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Rui Li
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Justin B Moore
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Bowman Gray Center, 475 Vine St, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
- Department of Implementation Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Bowman Gray Center, 475 Vine St, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
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Marriott BP, Hunt KJ, Malek AM, St Peter JV, Greenberg D. Low-Calorie Sweeteners: Exploring Underutilized Database Resources to Understand Dietary Patterns and Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26 Suppl 3:S5-S8. [PMID: 30290076 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The use and impact of low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) in relation to the national challenges of overweight and obesity are complex and controversial. Most research on LCS have focused on the prevalence of consumption of LCS in beverages. The 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee emphasized dietary patterns and health rather than a focus on specific nutrients or foods. The committee took this approach to shift the national emphasis onto the context of total rather than individual nutrient consumption. A broader research paradigm is needed to elucidate the actual exposure to LCS and how they are consumed within dietary patterns in the US population. National-level databases exist that can be used to broaden scientific understanding of the effects of LCS and health outcomes. These databases are underutilized, and they provide potential tools for grasping a fuller picture of LCS in the US diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly J Hunt
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Angela M Malek
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Danielle Greenberg
- PepsiCo R&D, PepsiCo, Inc., Purchase, New York, USA
- NutriSci Inc., Mt. Kisco, New York, USA
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Leech RM, Worsley A, Timperio A, McNaughton SA. The role of energy intake and energy misreporting in the associations between eating patterns and adiposity. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 72:142-147. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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