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Shanto HH, Al-Zubayer MA, Ahammed B, Sarder MA, Keramat SA, Hashmi R, Haque R, Alam K. Maternal Healthcare Services Utilisation and Its Associated Risk Factors: A Pooled Study of 37 Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1606288. [PMID: 37936874 PMCID: PMC10625904 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The utilisation of maternal healthcare services (MHS) can play an essential role in reducing maternal deaths. Thus, this study examines the prevalence and factors associated with MHS utilisation in 37 low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: A total of 264,123 women were obtained from the Demographic and Health Surveys of 37 LMICs. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with maternal healthcare services utilisation. Results: Around one-third (33.7%) of the respondents properly utilise MHS among women of childbearing age. In the pooled sample, the odds of MHS utilisation were significantly higher with the increase in wealth index, women's age, age at the first birth, and husband/partner's education. Urban residence (AOR [adjusted odds ratio] = 1.56; 95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.49-1.64), women's autonomy in healthcare decision-making (AOR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.15-1.24) and media exposure (AOR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.58-1.83) were found to be the strongest positive factors associated with utilisation of MHS. In contrast, larger family (AOR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91-0.96), and families with 7 or more children (AOR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.68-0.77) were significantly negatively associated with MHS utilisation. Conclusion: The utilisation of MHS highly varied in LMICs and the associated factors. Expanding the wealth status, education, age at first birth, mothers' autonomy in healthcare decisions, and media exposure could be essential strategies for increasing the utilisation of MHS; however, country-specific programs should be considered in national policy discussions. There is a need to formulate policies and design maternal health services programs that target socially marginalised women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasibul Hasan Shanto
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Akib Al-Zubayer
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Benojir Ahammed
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Alamgir Sarder
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Afroz Keramat
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rubayyat Hashmi
- Centre for Housing Research, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rezwanul Haque
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Khorshed Alam
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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Amoak D, Dhillon S, Antabe R, Sano Y, Luginaah I. Factors Associated with Deworming Medication Utilization among Pregnant Women in Benin: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8030166. [PMID: 36977167 PMCID: PMC10053996 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Deworming medication utilization is a useful strategy to reduce the burden of anemia among pregnant women. Yet, we know very little about the prevalence and correlates of deworming medication utilization among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa, including Benin. To address this void in the literature, we used the 2017–2018 Benin Demographic and Health Survey and applied logistic regression analysis to explore the demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare factors associated with deworming medication utilization in Benin. We found that deworming medication coverage was 65% at the national level. We observed that women aged 35–49 years were less likely to use deworming medication compared to those aged 15–24 years (OR = 0.79, p < 0.01). Compared to Christian women, Muslim women (OR = 0.70, p < 0.01) and women of other religions (OR = 0.51, p < 0.01) were also less likely to use deworming medication. Moreover, women with lower levels of education and household wealth, as well as unemployed women, were less likely to use deworming medication in comparison to their educated, richer, and employed counterparts. Women who visited ANC fewer than eight times were also less likely to use deworming medication compared to their counterparts who did so eight times or more (OR = 0.65, p < 0.001). Based on these findings, we discussed several implications for policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Amoak
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Satveer Dhillon
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Roger Antabe
- Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Yujiro Sano
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Isaac Luginaah
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
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Shrivastava R, Singhal M, Joshi A, Mishra N, Agrawal A, Kumar B. Barriers and opportunities in utilizing maternal healthcare services during antenatal period in urban slum settings in India: A systematic review. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2023.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Tran TP, Liu JJ. Interrelationships Between Pregnancy Intention, Antenatal Care, and Sociodemographic Factors: Analysis of a Nationwide Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Vietnam. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:142-150. [PMID: 36352284 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-022-03541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to improve the understanding of the interrelationships between sociodemographic factors, pregnancy intention, and antenatal care by: (1) identifying sociodemographic predictors of unintended pregnancy; (2) examining associations between unintended pregnancy types and antenatal care (ANC) inadequacy; (3) examining how the association between unintended pregnancy and ANC inadequacy is modified by maternal characteristics; and (4) identifying sociodemographic predictors of ANC inadequacy by pregnancy intention status. METHODS We analyzed women 15-49 years of age who participated in the nationwide cross-sectional Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. Pregnancy intention and ANC adequacy were assessed for the most recent live birth within two years preceding survey completion. Weighted Poisson regression was used to estimate risk ratios. RESULTS Of the 1,474 study participants, 17.8% had unintended pregnancy and 29.0% had inadequate ANC. There was no significant confounding-adjusted association between unintended pregnancy and ANC inadequacy, except in those currently not working. Women with intended pregnancy or unintended pregnancy had significantly higher ANC inadequacy risk if they lived in rural areas, were less educated, and had no media exposure, lower wealth status, or more than two children. Younger age, ever given birth, having child loss, and positive attitude towards partner violence were significant predictors of ANC inadequacy only in women with intended pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE ANC inadequacy was more strongly predicted by sociodemographic characteristics rather than pregnancy intention, and the sociodemographic variables' prediction of ANC inadequacy was stronger in women with intended pregnancy than unintended pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Phuong Tran
- International Health Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jason J Liu
- International Health Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Beitou District, 112, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Rahman A, Begum T, Austin A, Hasan M, Alam N, Anwar I, Taneepanichskul S. Can programmatic inputs improve adolescent mothers’ access to maternal care in rural Bangladesh? Nine years of evidence from a cohort study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION AND NUTRITION 2022; 41:12. [PMID: 35346396 PMCID: PMC8961970 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-022-00289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent mothers (Girls aged 15–19) constitute 8% of annual global births, but account for 10% of annual maternal deaths. WHO recommended 4–8 Antenatal Care (ANC) visits, in addition to quality care and facility-based deliveries, are well-documented interventions to reduce maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Determinants of maternal and child health care in Bangladesh have received considerable attention, but less attention has been focused on adolescent mothers. This study explores the factors associated with 4 or more (4 +) ANC visits and facility-based delivery among adolescent mothers in one rural area of Bangladesh. Methods This study uses Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) data. We conducted a comparative study on trends in 4 + ANC visits and facility-based deliveries among adolescent mothers (10–19 years) residing in an intervention area (icddr,b service area, ISA) against a comparison area (government service areas, GSA) of HDSS between 2007 and 2015. Totally, 4,996 adolescent mothers were included in the final analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to document the statistical difference on outcome indicators in the two study areas. Results Trends in 4 + ANC visits and facility-based deliveries were higher in the ISA relative to the GSA. The adjusted odds of an adolescent mother accessing 4 + ANC visits in the GSA, relative to ISA, were 0.57 (95% CI 0.49–0.66, p value < 0.05); the adjusted odds of an adolescent mother accessing facility-based delivery in the ISA, relative to GSA, were 6.63 (95% CI: 5.85–7.52, p value < 0.05). Increasing numbers of ANC visits were associated with increases in facility-based births in both the ISA and GSA. Conclusion This study documented that both 4 + ANC visits and facility delivery rates among adolescent mothers are much higher in the ISA than GSA. Increasing 4 + ANC visits and facility deliveries over the years, particularly in the ISA, coincide with programmatic efforts to improve the quality and availability of maternal and newborn health services. Learning from existing interventions in ISA and applying them to other areas will strengthen Bangladesh’s efforts to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes and achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3).
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Raj P, Gupta N. A Review of the National Family Health Survey Data in Addressing India’s Maternal Health Situation. Public Health Rev 2022; 43:1604825. [DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2022.1604825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to understand the trend of research conducted on issues of maternal health in India considering data provided in five rounds of National Family Health Survey (NFHS).Methods: Systematic review of literature has been conducted using multi-stage search and review process adapted from Page et al.’s (2021) PRISMA. Initially 14,570 studies were identified and only 134 articles meeting selection criterion were considered in this study.Results: Approximately 32% studies have focused on regional and state variation of maternal health status; while 27% dealt with utilization of maternal healthcare services; and 19% the socio-economic determinants of maternal health. While few studies have discussed the place of delivery, antenatal care and post-natal care visits, only five studies focus on issues related to women’s autonomy, including their health-seeking behaviour, knowledge, attitude and practices related to maternal health.Conclusion: Non-communicable diseases and its role in maternal health still remains an unexplored domain of research on maternal health in India. Moreover, there exists geographical skewness in the number of studies conducted, focusing especially on few provinces while none on few others.
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Asif MF, Ali S, Ali M, Abid G, Lassi ZS. The Moderating Role of Maternal Education and Employment on Child Health in Pakistan. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9101559. [PMID: 36291495 PMCID: PMC9600698 DOI: 10.3390/children9101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pakistan has challenges in fulfilling its universal responsibilities of providing better health facilities to everyone. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to reduce maternal and infant mortality rates. Despite declines in mother and child death, the total mortality ratio has marginally increased. However, neonatal death has not decreased significantly. Family planning is important for controlling population growth and improving child as well as maternal health. Pakistan's government has unceasingly tried to enhance the provision of contraceptive facilities, but still, an unmet need for family planning (UMNFP) exists in our country. Women are said to have UMNFP if they want to limit or space childbearing, but they are not using contraception methods for any reason. The study aimed to explore the effect of the UMNFP and to investigate the moderating role of a mother's education and employment status on a child's health. METHODS We analyzed the data of 2,244 women in this study. To investigate the study objectives, we utilized the secondary dataset of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017-18 (publicly available on the website of the National Institute of Population Studies) and applied binary logistic regression using SPSS 24. RESULTS Results suggest a positive effect of a woman's age (25 to 39 years), maternal education (higher), father's education (higher), family's wealth status (richest), mass media exposure, and adequate birth spacing (at least for 33 months) on a child's health. On the other hand, there is an indirect association between maternal employment, unmet need for family planning, and a child's health. The moderating role of maternal education and employment on the relationship between household wealth status and a child's health is positive. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the strong predictors of child health are UMNFP, maternal education, and employment. The link between the met need for family planning and the child's health is positive. The moderating effect of maternal education and household wealth status on a child's health is progressive. Similarly, the interaction effect of a mother's employment and household wealth status on a child's health is positive. Finally, we concluded that the link between the health of the child and household wealth status is much more diverse and positive when the mother is highly educated and currently employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farhan Asif
- National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Department of Statistics, Kohsar University, Murree 43600, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- National College of Business Administration and Economics, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Majid Ali
- Department of Economics and Agri. Economics, PMAS-UAAR, Rawalpindi 43600, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abid
- Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zohra S. Lassi
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Fetene SM, Gebremedhin T. Uptake of postnatal care and its determinants in Ethiopia: a positive deviance approach. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:601. [PMID: 35897004 PMCID: PMC9327392 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postnatal care (PNC) services are an essential intervention for improving maternal and child health. In Ethiopia, PNC service has been poorly implemented, despite the governments and partners' attempt to improve maternal and child health service utilization. Moreover, many literatures identified that women with no education are significantly underutilized the PNC services. Thus, this study aimed to assess the PNC service uptake among women at high risk for underutilization of PNC services and to identify the individual and community level determinants of PNC services uptake in Ethiopia using the positive deviance approach. METHODS Data from the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016 were used. A total of 2417 deviant women (women with no education) were identified through a two-stage stratified sampling technique and included in this analysis. A multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression analysis was computed to identify the individual and community-level determinants of PNC services uptake among deviant women. In the final model, a p-value of less than 0.05 and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to declare statistically significant determinants of PNC services uptake. RESULTS In this analysis, the uptake of PNC service among deviant women was 5.8% [95% CI: 4.9-6.8]. Working in the agriculture (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.13-3.52), being Orthodox religion follower (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.42-4.57), living in the highest wealth quantile (AOR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.25-3.91) were the individual level determinants, whereas residing in the city administration (AOR: 3.17, 95% CI: 1.15-8.71), and living closer to health facility (AOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.03-2.39) were the community level determinants. CONCLUSION The study highlighted a better PNC service uptake among deviant women who are working in the agriculture, follows orthodox religion, lives in highest household wealth status, resides in city administration, and living closer to the health facility. The positive deviance approach provides evidences for health policy makers and program implementers to improve health behavior in specific target population, and ultimately to bring better maternal and child health outcomes, despite acknowledged adverse risk profile. Such strategy and knowledge could facilitate targeted efforts aimed at achieving national goals of maternal and newborn mortality reduction in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrawit Mihret Fetene
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P. O. Box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegaye Gebremedhin
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P. O. Box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Agaba P, Magadi M, Orton B. Predictors of health facility childbirth among unmarried and married youth in Uganda. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266657. [PMID: 35390079 PMCID: PMC8989320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uganda has a high maternal mortality rate combined with poor use of health facilities at childbirth among youth. Improved use of maternal health services by the youth would help reduce maternal deaths in the country. Predictors of use of health facilities at childbirth among unmarried compared to married youth aged 15–24 years in Uganda between 2006 and 2016 are examined. Methodology Binary logistic regression was conducted on the pooled data of the 2006, 2011 and 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys among youth who had given birth within five years before each survey. This analysis was among a sample of 764 unmarried, compared to 5,176 married youth aged 15–24 years. Results Overall, unmarried youth were more likely to have a childbirth within the health facilities (79.3%) compared to married youth (67.6%). Higher odds of use of health facilities at childbirth were observed among youth with at least secondary education (OR = 2.915, 95%CI = 1.747–4.865 for unmarried vs OR = 1.633, 95%CI = 1.348–1.979 for married) and frequent antenatal care of at least four visits (OR = 1.758, 95%CI = 1.153–2.681 for unmarried vs OR = 1.792, 95%CI = 1.573–2.042 for married). Results further showed that youth with parity two or more, those that resided in rural areas and those who were engaged in agriculture had reduced odds of the use of health facilities at childbirth. In addition, among married youth, the odds of using health facilities at childbirth were higher among those with at least middle wealth index, and those with frequent access to the newspapers (OR = 1.699, 95%CI = 1.162–2.486), radio (OR = 1.290, 95%CI = 1.091–1.525) and television (OR = 1.568, 95%CI = 1.149–2.138) compared to those with no access to each of the media, yet these were not significant among unmarried youth. Conclusion and recommendations Frequent use of antenatal care and higher education attainment were associated with increased chances of use of health facilities while higher parity, rural residence and being employed in the agriculture sector were negatively associated with use of health facilities at childbirth among both unmarried and married youth. To enhance use of health facilities among youth, there is a need to encourage frequent antenatal care use, especially for higher parity births and for rural residents, and design policies that will improve access to mass media, youth’s education level and their economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peninah Agaba
- Department of Population Studies, School of Statistics and Planning, College of Business and Management Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Monica Magadi
- Department of Criminology and Sociology, Faculty of Arts, Cultures and Education, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Bev Orton
- Department of Criminology and Sociology, Faculty of Arts, Cultures and Education, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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Zaveri A, Paul P, Roy R, Chouhan P. Facilitators and Barriers to the Utilisation of Maternal Healthcare Services in Empowered Action Group States, India. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09720634221088359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of adequate reproductive healthcare services is critical to mothers and newborn babies. This study aimed to examine the facilitators and barriers to maternal healthcare utilisation in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. Data were drawn from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey, 2015–16 ( n = 103,984). In this study, full antenatal care (ANC), delivery assistance by the skilled birth attendant (SBA) and postnatal care (PNC) within 2 days of delivery were taken as indicators of maternity care. Overall, approximately 13% of women received full ANC, 69.4% were delivered by SBA and 57.7% had PNC within 2 days of delivery. The findings of this study reveal that urban residence, higher education, wealthier economic status, exposure to mass media and contraceptive use are the facilitators of maternal healthcare utilisation. On the contrary, low levels of education, poverty, marriage during childhood, having a large number of children, belonging to socioeconomically backward castes, having difficulties related to healthcare-seeking and unwanted pregnancies are some of the major barriers to the use of maternity care. This study suggests that policymakers and public health practitioners should design proper healthcare policies and programs to provide quality reproductive healthcare services, particularly among socio-economically vulnerable women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Zaveri
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, India
| | - Pintu Paul
- Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ranjan Roy
- Department of Geography and Applied Geography, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Pradip Chouhan
- Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, India
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Sk MIK, Ali B, Biswas MM, Saha MK. Disparities in three critical maternal health indicators amongst Muslims: Vis-a-vis the results reflected on National Health Mission. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:266. [PMID: 35139830 PMCID: PMC8830117 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The post national health mission era has been recognized for India’s accelerating improvement in maternal health care utilization. Concurrent investigations with the purview of examining inequalities in maternal care utilisation have rigorously examined across various socio-economic groups, focusing on Muslim women. The present study examined socio-economic differentials in maternal health care utilisation among Muslims and the delineated factors which are contributing for these inequalities. Methods Study used the data from National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted in 2005-06 and 2015-16. the present study applied concentration index and Wagstaff-type decomposition analysis to measure and decompose the inequality in maternal health services. Results This study found that utilisation of full antenatal care (full ANC), skilled attendants at birth (SBAs) and postnatal care was increased during 2005-06 to 2015-16. However, the least improvement was observed in full antenatal care whereas substantial improvement was achieved in utilising skilled attendants at birth. Further, the poor and non-poor gap in maternal health care utilisation mostly prevailed among the educated, urban resident, other backward castes among Muslims. The inequality has been declined largely in SBA utilisation compared to full ANC and PNC, especially in the southern India. Higher education, mass media exposure, higher birth order and urban residence contribute and explain most of these inequalities in maternal care among Muslim women Conclusions Despite the fact that free and cash benefitted health programmes, wealth, mass media exposure and education etc welfare programs benefitted a large number of citizens, it also produced most of the inequalities among Muslims in India. The results focus on the significance of wealth, education, and mass media exposure in bridging the socioeconomic gap in maternal health care utilization among Muslims.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Balhasan Ali
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
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Zegeye B, Adjei NK, Olorunsaiye CZ, Ahinkorah BO, Ameyaw EK, Budu E, Seidu AA, Yaya S. Time trends in socio-economic and geographic-based inequalities in childhood wasting in Guinea over 2 decades: a cross-sectional study. Int Health 2022; 15:10-18. [PMID: 35106565 PMCID: PMC9808518 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, an estimated 7.3% (50 million) of all children <5 y of age suffer from wasting, with more burden in African countries including Guinea. Investigating inequalities in childhood wasting is essential for designing efficient programs and interventions, but no related evidence exists in Guinea. This study aimed to examine the trends in the prevalence of childhood wasting and the extent of sex, socio-economic and geographic-based disparities in Guinea. METHODS Data from the 1999, 2005 and 2012 Guinea Demographic and Health Surveys and the 2016 Guinea Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, with a total of 16 137 children <5 y of age were included for analysis. For inequality analysis, we used the 2019 updated World Health Organization Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) software. Inequality was measured using four summary measures (difference [D], population attributable risk [PAR], ratio [R] and population attributable fraction [PAF]) for five equity stratifiers (economic status, education, place of residence, sex and subnational region). We computed 95% confidence intervals (CIs) around the points estimates to measure statistical significance. RESULTS The findings revealed a pro-rich (R=1.68 [95% CI 1.11 to 2.24]), pro-urban (PAR=-1.04 [95% CI -1.90 to -0.18]) and subnational region (D=8.11 [95% CI 4.85 to 11.36]) inequalities in childhood wasting across all surveys. Except in 2005, education-based disparities (PAF=-18.2 [95% CI -36.10 to -0.26]) were observed across all survey years, but not sex-based disparities. An approximately constant inequality pattern was seen across all dimensions. CONCLUSIONS This study showed inequalities in childhood wasting in Guinea with a disproportionately higher risk of wasting among children from disadvantaged subpopulations/mothers, including uneducated, poorest/poor, rural residents and regions. Policies that target disadvantaged populations need to be considered in order to ensure social protection, access to a wholesome diet and universal and quality health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betregiorgis Zegeye
- HaSET Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Shewarobit Field Office, Shewarobit, Ethiopia
| | - Nicholas Kofi Adjei
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Edward Kwabena Ameyaw
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Eugene Budu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Sanni Yaya
- Corresponding author: Tel: +1-613-562-5800; E-mail:
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Seidu AA, Aboagye RG, Sakyi B, Adu C, Ameyaw EK, Affum JB, Ahinkorah BO. Female genital mutilation and skilled birth attendance among women in sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:26. [PMID: 35094712 PMCID: PMC8802442 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01578-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that women who have had their genitals cut suffer substantial difficulties during and/or after childbirth, including the need for a caesarean section, an episiotomy, an extended hospital stay, post-partum bleeding, and maternal fatalities. Whether or not women in sub-Saharan Africa who have undergone female genital mutilation utilize the services of skilled birth attendants during childbirth is unknown. Hence, we examined the association between female genital mutilation and skilled birth attendance in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS The data for this study were compiled from 10 sub-Saharan African countries' most recent Demographic and Health Surveys. In the end, we looked at 57,994 women between the ages of 15 and 49. The association between female genital mutilation and skilled birth attendance was investigated using both fixed and random effects models. RESULTS Female genital mutilation and skilled birth attendance were found to be prevalent in 68.8% and 58.5% of women in sub-Saharan Africa, respectively. Women with a history of female genital mutilation had reduced odds of using skilled birth attendance (aOR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.86-0.96) than those who had not been circumcised. In Ethiopia, Guinea, Liberia, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, and Togo, women with female genital mutilation had reduced odds of having a trained delivery attendant compared to women in Burkina Faso. CONCLUSION This study shed light on the link between female genital mutilation and skilled birth attendance among sub-Saharan African women. The study's findings provide relevant information to government agencies dealing with gender, children, and social protection, allowing them to design specific interventions to prevent female genital mutilation, which is linked to non-use of skilled birth attendance. Also, health education which focuses on childbearing women and their partners are necessary in enhancing awareness about the significance of skilled birth attendance and the health consequences of female genital mutilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Centre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, P.O. Box 256, Takoradi, Ghana
- Department of Estate Management, Takoradi Technical University, P.O. Box 256, Takoradi, Ghana
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Richard Gyan Aboagye
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Barbara Sakyi
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Collins Adu
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Disability Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Edward Kwabena Ameyaw
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Yadav AK, Sahni B, Kumar D, Bala K, Kalotra A. Effect of Women's and Partners' Education on Maternal Health-care Services Utilization in Five Empowered Action Group States of India: An analysis of 13,443 Women of Reproductive Age. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2021; 11:231-237. [PMID: 34912686 PMCID: PMC8633696 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_121_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suboptimal utilization of maternal health-care services is a perennial problem in Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. This study examines role of women's and partners' education on usage of antenatal, postnatal care (PNC), and skilled birth attendance in these states. Methodology National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-2016) data for 13,443 women in reproductive age group of 15-49 years in Bihar, Madhya Pradesh (MP), Odisha, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh (UP) were analyzed using logistic regression. Results Increasing level of education had a significant impact on utilization of antenatal services in all states, highest and lowest odds being observed with higher and primary level of partner's education, respectively. Skilled birth attendance universally showed rising trend with increasing women education, while it remained substantially low even at higher level of partner's education. For PNC, utilization increased with increasing level of maternal education. While significantly lower odds of PNC were seen with primary level of partner education in Rajasthan and UP, partner's secondary education showed positive and significant association in Bihar, Rajasthan, and UP. At higher level of partner education, positive and significant effects on PNC were observed only in Bihar, MP, and UP. Conclusions Universal education is vital to attain sustainable development goals at the grassroot level, which is happening relatively slowly in the EAG states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhavna Sahni
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Principal, Government Medical College, Doda, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Kiran Bala
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Anuradha Kalotra
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Yadav AK, Jena PK, Sahni B, Mukhopadhyay D. Comparative study on maternal healthcare services utilisation in selected Empowered Action Group states of India. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2021; 29:1948-1959. [PMID: 33560586 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The utilisation of maternal healthcare services is a principal indicator to measure the success of any maternal and child health programme. Suboptimal utilisation of maternal healthcare services is a vexatious problem in Empowered Action Group (EAG) states of India. This study aims to examine the currents status and socioeconomic determinants of antenatal services, skilled birth attendance and post-natal services in four infamous EAG states of India. This study used nationally representative, National Family Health Survey (NFHS, 2015-16) data for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to depict the current status of maternal healthcare services utilisation and a discrete choice model was applied to examine the associated factors across the selected EAG states. The utilisation of maternal health services was higher in Rajasthan followed by Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar respectively. Utilisation was consistently low among the socioeconomically disadvantaged women in all the selected EAG states. The study highlights that female education, mass media exposure, women's autonomy and economic status were significantly associated with the use of maternal healthcare services. The actualisation of our national and Sustainable Development Goals at the ground level is happening relatively slowly in the EAG states. Hence, achieving equitable distribution of resources, universal availability and access to information, counselling and reproductive services coupled with women empowerment are vital to the realisation of these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind K Yadav
- Department of Economics, Akal University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
- School of Economics, Faculty of Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Pabitra K Jena
- School of Economics, Faculty of Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Bhavna Sahni
- Post-Graduate Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Jammu, Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Dinabandhu Mukhopadhyay
- School of Business, Faculty of Management, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir, India
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Singh A, Palaniyandi S, Palaniyandi A, Gupta V, Panika RK, Mahore RK, Goel PK. A cross-sectional study to assess the utilization pattern of maternal health services and associated factors in aspirational district of Haryana, India. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:2879-2885. [PMID: 34660420 PMCID: PMC8483117 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1762_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In India mother related mortalities and morbidities are still significantly higher even after having various maternal program and schemes at regional and national level which reflects that such services are being under-utilized. Aim: The current study focused in assessing utilization pattern of maternal health services and associated factors in Nuh (Mewat). Methods: This present cross-sectional study was done for one year (2015-16) among mothers (15-49 years) under field practice area, PHC Taoru with minimum calculated sample as 645. The selection of participants was made using simple random sampling technique from available randomized list of villages. Data was collected by home-to-home visits using pretested, predesigned, standardized questionnaire and during analysis an association between variables was considered as significant if P < 0.05. Results: Out of 645 participants, 632 provided consent for inclusion into study. Any ANC and full ANC services was made by only 58.3% and 11.7% of participants respectively. More than half of the participants (52.7%) had suffered from pregnancy related complications. Variables such as lower age group, low decision-making capacity were significantly associated with not obtaining full ANC services (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In the present study major determinants of a women which influence utilization of maternal health care service includes their age, literacy status, parity, socioeconomic status and occupation. Such determinants shall be considered for upcoming intervention aiming to bring attitudinal changes and concurrently leading to improved and enhanced usage of maternal health care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, SHKM Government Medical College, Nalhar, Haryana, India
| | - Subramani Palaniyandi
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Tagore Medical College, Rathinamangalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anitha Palaniyandi
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Porur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Kumar Panika
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Mahore
- Department of Community Medicine, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Goel
- Department of Community Medicine, SHKM Government Medical College, Nalhar, Haryana, India
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Mishra PS, Pautunthang N, Marbaniang SP, N AK. Geographical divide led inequality in accessing maternal healthcare services between hills and valley regions of Manipur state, India. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Sarkar M, Das T, Roy TB. Determinants or barriers associated with specific routine check-up in antenatal care in gestational period: A study from EAG states, India. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Yeshaw Y, Jemere T, Dagne H, Andualem Z, Akalu Y, Dewau R, Teshale AB, Tesema GA, Dagnew B. Factors associated with births protected against neonatal tetanus in Africa: Evidences from Demographic and health surveys of five African countries. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253126. [PMID: 34138922 PMCID: PMC8211162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal and neonatal tetanus remains a global public health problem affecting mainly the poorest and most marginalized subpopulations. In spite of the problem, studies conducted on the associated factors of births protected against neonatal tetanus are scarce in Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to identify both individual and community-level factors associated with births protected against neonatal tetanus in the region. METHODS The most recent Demographic and Health Survey datasets of five African countries (Ethiopia, Burundi, Comoros, Zimbabwe and Zambia) were used to investigate the associated factors of births protected from neonatal tetanus. STATA Version 14 statistical software was used for the analysis. The data were weighted before doing any statistical analysis and deviance was used for model comparison. Multilevel binary logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors of births protected against neonatal tetanus. Finally, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for each potential factors included in the multivariable multilevel logistic regression model. RESULTS A total weighted sample of 30897 reproductive age women who had a birth within 5 years preceding the survey were included in the analysis. Those women with age of 20-34 (AOR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.18-1.48) and 35-49 years (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.10-1.44), high community level of women education (AOR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.04-1.23), being from poorer(AOR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.14-1.33), middle (AOR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.21-1.43), richer (AOR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.11-1.32) and richest households (AOR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.44-1.74), having antenatal care follow up (AOR = 9.62, 95% CI: 8.79-10.54), not perceiving distance to health facility as a big problem (AOR = 1.18, 95% CI: (1.11-1.25) had higher odds of having births protected against neonatal tetanus. CONCLUSION Both individual and community level factors were found to be associated with births protected against neonatal tetanus in Africa. This suggests that a variety of factors are affecting births protected against neonatal tetanus in the region. Hence, the impact of these factors should be recognized while developing strategies to reduce neonatal tetanus in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigizie Yeshaw
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadeg Jemere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Dagne
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zewudu Andualem
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Akalu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Reta Dewau
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Baye Dagnew
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Ali B, Debnath P, Anwar T. Inequalities in utilisation of maternal health services in urban India: Evidences from national family health survey-4. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Chauhan BG, Verma RK, Alagarajan M, Chauhan SK. Effect of Maternal Healthcare Utilization on Early Neonatal, Neonatal and Post-Neonatal Mortality in India. INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION 2021; 43:31-43. [PMID: 33745398 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x211004925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the effect of maternal healthcare utilization on early neonatal, neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in India using the recent round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) data. At the national level, for the last live birth of women during the five year preceding the survey, the early neonatal mortality rate was about 16, neonatal mortality rate was 19 and post-neonatal mortality was 7 per thousand live births. Also, only one-fifth of women who had a birth in the past five years received full antenatal care (ANC), 83 percent women received safe delivery and 65 percent women received post-natal care. Findings of the study indicate that full ANC and postnatal care were significantly associated with early neonatal and neonatal mortality. However, no significant association between safe delivery and newborn mortality were found after adjusting the socio-economic and demographic characteristics. Therefore, for a policy point of view, there is a dire need to strengthen supply dependent factors regarding public awareness, accessibility, and affordability of maternal and child healthcare services. It is also necessary to focus on increasing utilization along with continuum of care of maternal and child healthcare services to sustain the reduction in mortality during infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bal Govind Chauhan
- Population Research Centre, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune, India
| | | | - Manoj Alagarajan
- Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Rai RK, Bromage S, Fawzi WW. Receipt of Weekly Iron Supplementation among Indian Children, 2005-2016. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab020. [PMID: 34084992 PMCID: PMC8164210 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to India's unacceptably high burden of anemia among children aged 6-59 mo, the central government introduced the National Iron Plus Initiative program which recommends an intervention of iron supplementation to mitigate anemia, especially iron deficiency anemia. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the trend (between 2005-2006 and 2015-2016) in receiving weekly iron supplementation (WIS) among children aged 6-59 mo, and factors associated with receiving WIS during 2015-2016. METHODS Two waves of the nationally representative cross-sectional National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data collected during 2005-2006 (NFHS-3) and 2015-2016 (NFHS-4) were used. The trend was measured using both rounds of datasets, whereas factors associated with WIS receipt were assessed from NFHS-4. The trend was assessed using a sample of 35,650 children from NFHS-3 and 202,227 children from NFHS-4. After exclusion of 8978 cases, a total of 199,110 children were included to analyze the factors associated with receiving WIS. Using appropriate sample weighting, unadjusted and adjusted (multivariate) logistic regression analyses were deployed. Application of the chi-squared test and checking for multicollinearity were also part of the analysis. The possibility of sample selection bias was tested. RESULTS An increase of WIS receipt (from 4.6% in 2005-2006 to 26% in 2015-2016) was observed. Older children, children living in rural areas, children belonging to Scheduled Tribes, children of mothers with secondary education or higher, and children whose mothers had some mass media exposure had higher odds of receiving WIS. Children of fifth or higher birth order, children who were followers of Islam and Christianity, children from the richest economic group, noninstitutional birth of children, and children from high-focus group states were negatively associated with WIS receipt. CONCLUSIONS Despite improvement (between 2005-2006 and 2015-2016) in receiving WIS, coverage remains unacceptably low (in absolute terms). The suboptimum performance of WIS intervention demands further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Rai
- Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, West Bengal, India
| | - Sabri Bromage
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Huang Y, Danovaro-Holliday MC. Characterization of immunization secondary analyses using demographic and health surveys (DHS) and multiple indicator cluster surveys (MICS), 2006-2018. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:351. [PMID: 33581740 PMCID: PMC7880859 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infant immunization coverage worldwide has plateaued at about 85%. Using existing survey data to conduct analyses beyond estimating coverage may help immunization programmes better tailor strategies to reach un- and under-immunized children. The Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS), routinely conducted in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), collect immunization data, yet vaccination coverage is often the only indicator reported and used. We conducted a review of published immunization-related analyses to characterize and quantify immunization secondary analyses done using DHS and MICS databases. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of the literature, of immunization-related secondary analyses from DHS or MICS published between 2006 and August 2018. We searched 15 electronic databases without language restrictions. For the articles included, relevant information was extracted and analyzed to summarize the characteristics of immunization-related secondary analyses. Results are presented following the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Among 1411 papers identified, 115 met our eligibility criteria; additionally, one article was supplemented by the Pan American Health Organization. The majority were published since 2012 (77.6%), and most (68.9%) had a first or corresponding author affiliated with institutions in high-income countries (as opposed to LMICs where these surveys are conducted). The median delay between survey implementation and publication of the secondary analysis was 5.4 years, with papers with authors affiliated to institutions in LMIC having a longer median publication delay (p < 0.001). Over 80% of the published analyses looked at factors associated with a specific vaccine or with full immunization. Quality proxies, such as reporting percent of immunization data from cards vs recall; occurrence and handling of missing data; whether survey analyses were weighted; and listing of potential biases or limitations of the original survey or analyses, were infrequently mentioned. CONCLUSION Our review suggests that more needs to be done to increase the increase the utilization of existing DHS and MICS datasets and improve the quality of the analyses to inform immunization programmes. This would include increasing the proportion of analyses done in LMICs, reducing the time lag between survey implementation and publication of additional analyses, and including more qualitative information about the survey in the publications to better interpret the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Department of Immunization, Immunization, Analytics and Insights (IAI), Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), World Health Organization (WHO), 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Present affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Strait Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - M Carolina Danovaro-Holliday
- Department of Immunization, Immunization, Analytics and Insights (IAI), Vaccines and Biologicals (IVB), World Health Organization (WHO), 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Zegeye B, El-Khatib Z, Ameyaw EK, Seidu AA, Ahinkorah BO, Keetile M, Yaya S. Breaking Barriers to Healthcare Access: A Multilevel Analysis of Individual- and Community-Level Factors Affecting Women's Access to Healthcare Services in Benin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020750. [PMID: 33477290 PMCID: PMC7830614 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: In low-income countries such as Benin, most people have poor access to healthcare services. There is scarcity of evidence about barriers to accessing healthcare services in Benin. Therefore, we examined the magnitude of the problem of access to healthcare services and its associated factors. Methods: We utilized data from the 2017–2018 Benin Demographic and Health Survey (n = 15,928). We examined the associations between the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of women using multilevel logistic regression. The outcome variable for the study was problem of access to healthcare service. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated. Results: Overall, 60.4% of surveyed women had problems in accessing healthcare services. Partner’s education (AOR = 0.70; 95% CI; 0.55–0.89), economic status (AOR = 0.59; 95% CI; 0.47–0.73), marital status (AOR = 0.44; 95% CI; 0.39–0.51), and parity (AOR = 1.85; 95% CI; 1.45–2.35) were significant individual-level factors associated with problem of access to healthcare. Region (AOR = 5.24; 95% CI; 3.18–8.64) and community literacy level (AOR = 0.69; 95% CI; 0.51–0.94) were the main community-level risk factors. Conclusions: Enhancing husband education through adult education programs, economic empowerment of women, enhancing national education coverage, and providing priority for unmarried and multipara women need to be considered. Additionally, there is the need to ensure equity-based access to healthcare services across regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betregiorgis Zegeye
- HaSET Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Shewarobit Field Office, Shewarobit P.O. Box 127, Ethiopia;
| | - Ziad El-Khatib
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- World Health Programme, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9L 2K1, Canada
| | - Edward Kwabena Ameyaw
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (E.K.A.); (B.O.A.)
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, PMB 0494, Ghana;
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (E.K.A.); (B.O.A.)
| | - Mpho Keetile
- Department of Population Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana;
| | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-562-5800
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Dankwah E, Feng C, Kirychuck S, Zeng W, Lepnurm R, Farag M. Assessing the contextual effect of community in the utilization of postnatal care services in Ghana. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:40. [PMID: 33413362 PMCID: PMC7792027 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-06028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inequalities in the use of postnatal care services (PNC) in Ghana have been linked to poor maternal and neonatal health outcomes. This has ignited a genuine concern that PNC interventions with a focus on influencing solely individual-level risk factors do not achieve the desired results. This study aimed to examine the community-level effect on the utilization of postnatal care services. Specifically, the research explored clusters of non-utilization of PNC services as well as the effect of community-level factors on the utilization of PNC services, with the aim of informing equity-oriented policies and initiatives. METHODS The 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey GDHS dataset was used in this study. Two statistical methods were used to analyze the data; spatial scan statistics were used to identify hotspots of non-use of PNC services and second two-level mixed logistic regression modeling was used to determine community-level factors associated with PNC services usage. RESULTS This study found non-use of PNC services to be especially concentrated among communities in the Northern region of Ghana. Also, the analyses revealed that community poverty level, as well as community secondary or higher education level, were significantly associated with the utilization of PNC services, independent of individual-level factors. In fact, this study identified that a woman dwelling in a community with a higher concentration of poor women is less likely to utilize of PNC services than those living in communities with a lower concentration of poor women (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.44-0.81). Finally, 24.0% of the heterogeneity in PNC services utilization was attributable to unobserved community variability. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that community-level factors have an influence on women's health-seeking behavior. Community-level factors should be taken into consideration for planning and resource allocation purposes to reduce maternal health inequities. Also, high-risk communities of non-use of obstetric services were identified in this study which highlights the need to formulate community-specific strategies that can substantially shift post-natal use in a direction leading to universal coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Dankwah
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Cindy Feng
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada.,Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Centre for Clinical Research, 5790 University Ave., Halifax, NS, B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Shelley Kirychuck
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture (CCHSA), 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Wu Zeng
- School of Nursing & Health Studies, Georgetown University, 3700 Reservoir Rd, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Rein Lepnurm
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Marwa Farag
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada. .,School of Public Administration and Development Economics, Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Al Tarfa Street, Zone 70, Doha, Qatar.
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Ahinkorah BO, Seidu AA, Agbaglo E, Adu C, Budu E, Hagan JE, Schack T, Yaya S. Determinants of antenatal care and skilled birth attendance services utilization among childbearing women in Guinea: evidence from the 2018 Guinea Demographic and Health Survey data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:2. [PMID: 33390164 PMCID: PMC7778812 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, maternal health remains a major priority. Most of maternal deaths globally occur in sub-Saharan Africa, with most of these deaths linked to lack of access to antenatal care and skilled assistance during delivery. This study assessed the determinants of antenatal care and skilled birth attendance services utilization among childbearing women in Guinea. METHODS Data for this study were obtained from the 2018 Guinea Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS). Data of 4,917 childbearing women were considered as our analytical sample. The outcome variables for the study were utilization of antenatal care and skilled birth attendance. Analysis was carried out using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The results showed that women aged 15-24 (AOR=1.29, CI=1.03-1.62), women who had secondary/higher level of education (AOR=1.70, CI=1.33-2.19), and those whose partners had secondary/higher level of education (AOR=1.46, CI=1.22-1.75), women in the richest wealth quintile (AOR=5.09, CI=3.70-7.00), those with planned pregnancies (AOR=1.50, CI=1.23-1.81), Muslim women (AOR=1.65, CI=1.38-2.12), those who take healthcare decisions alone (AOR=1.53, CI=1.24-1.89), and those who listened to radio less than once a week (AOR= 1.30, CI=1.10-1.53) had higher odds of antenatal care uptake. Also, women with secondary/higher level of education (AOR=1.83, CI=1.25-2.68), those whose partners had secondary/higher level of education (AOR=1.40, CI=1.11-1.76), those in the richest wealth quintile (AOR=10.79, CI=6.64-17.51), those with planned pregnancies (AOR=1.25, CI=1.03-1.52), Christian women (AOR=4.13, CI=3.17-5.39), those living in urban areas (AOR=3.00, CI=2.29-3.94), women with one birth (AOR= 1.58, CI=1.20-2.06), those who take healthcare decisions alone (AOR=1.87, CI=1.46-2.39), those who read newspaper at least once a week (AOR= 1.19, CI=1.01-1.40), those who watched television at least once week (AOR=1.69, CI=1.30-2.19), and those in female-headed households (AOR=1.52, CI=1.20-1.92) were more likely to utilize the services of skilled birth attendants. CONCLUSION The study proved that various socio-economic and contextual factors influence antenatal care and skilled birth attendance in Guinea. These findings suggest the need to design community-based interventions (e.g., miniature local ANC clinics, early screening services) that prioritize women's education and vocational training, media accessibility, especially among the poor, and those residing in rural settings. Such interventions should not ignore the influence of other socio-cultural norms that hinder the utilization of antenatal care and skilled birth attendance services in Guinea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Agbaglo
- Department of English, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Collins Adu
- Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eugene Budu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - John Elvis Hagan
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics-Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Schack
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics-Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- The George Institute for Global Health, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Mondal D, Karmakar S, Banerjee A. Women's autonomy and utilization of maternal healthcare in India: Evidence from a recent national survey. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243553. [PMID: 33296428 PMCID: PMC7725295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to examine the association between women's decision-making autonomy and utilization of maternal healthcare services among the currently married women in India. METHODS A total of 32,698 currently married women aged 15-49 years who had at least one live birth in the past five years preceding the survey and had information regarding autonomy collected by the National Family Health Survey 2015-16 were used for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed for the analyses of this study. RESULTS Utilization of maternal healthcare services was higher among the women having a high level of decision-making autonomy compared to those who had a low autonomy in the household. The regression results indicate that women's autonomy was significantly associated with increased odds of maternal healthcare services in India. Women with high autonomy had 37% and 33% greater likelihood of receiving ANC (AOR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.25-1.50) and PNC care (AOR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.24-1.42) respectively compared to women having low autonomy. However, no significant association was observed between women's autonomy and institutional delivery in the adjusted analysis. CONCLUSION This study recommends the need for comprehensive strategies involving improvement of women's autonomy along with expansion of education, awareness generation regarding the importance of maternity care, and enhancing public health infrastructure to ensure higher utilization of maternal healthcare services that would eventually reduce maternal mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinabandhu Mondal
- Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Suranjana Karmakar
- Department of Women’s Studies, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
| | - Anuradha Banerjee
- Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Trommlerová SK. When children have children: The effects of child marriages and teenage pregnancies on early childhood mortality in Bangladesh. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2020; 39:100904. [PMID: 32688267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the adverse effects of adolescent childbearing on early childhood mortality in Bangladesh in mother-fixed-effects regressions using individual mortality outcomes of 300,000 children. Children born to young mothers (child brides in Bangladesh) suffer from higher mortality in the first year of life than their siblings born later. The survival chances of children born to mothers aged 15-49 years are 48-81 % higher in infant period as compared to their siblings born in mother's early adolescence (10-14 years). In poor households, these survival effects extend up to the fifth birthday, especially in the poorest households or among uneducated mothers. This evidence points towards a biological channel, probably low birth weight, as the main contributing factor in the first year of life. In the post-infant period, favorable socio-economic factors (wealth, education) seem to compensate the biological disadvantage of adolescent births. Adolescent pregnancies lead annually to estimated 18,700 under-5 deaths in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia K Trommlerová
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer de Ramon Trias Fargas 25-27, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.
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McFadden A, Gupta S, Marshall JL, Shinwell S, Sharma B, McConville F, MacGillivray S. Systematic review of barriers to, and facilitators of, the provision of high-quality midwifery services in India. Birth 2020; 47:304-321. [PMID: 32713033 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Indian government has committed to implementing high-quality midwifery care to achieve universal health coverage and reduce the burden of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. There are multiple challenges, including introducing a new cadre of midwives educated to international standards and integrating midwifery into the health system with a defined scope of practice. The objective of this review was to examine the facilitators and barriers to providing high-quality midwifery care in India. METHODS We searched 15 databases for studies relevant to the provision of midwifery care in India. The findings were mapped to two global quality frameworks to identify barriers and facilitators to providing high-quality midwifery care in India. RESULTS Thirty-two studies were included. Key barriers were lack of competence of maternity care providers, lack of legislation recognizing midwives as autonomous professionals and limited scope of practice, social and economic barriers to women accessing services, and lack of basic health system infrastructure. Facilitators included providing more hands-on experience during training, monitoring and supervision of staff, utilizing midwives to their full scope of practice with good referral systems, improving women's experiences of maternity care, and improving health system infrastructure. CONCLUSIONS The findings can be used to inform policy and practice. Overcoming the identified barriers will be critical to achieving the Government of India's plans to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality through the introduction of a new cadre of midwives. This is unlikely to be effective until the facilitators described are in place.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bharati Sharma
- Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India
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Chauhan BG, Jungari S. Factors Affecting the Utilization of Maternal and Child Health Care Services in Tribal Dominated Population States of India. INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION 2020; 42:47-56. [PMID: 33201772 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x20972857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study intended to examine that factors affecting the utilization of maternal health services in the Three tribal-dominated states of India namely Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh. The study used National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) data. Both bivariate and multivariate techniques have been applied for data analysis. Logistic regression techniques and concentration curve and index have been used . Findings of the study indicate that there were wider socio-economic differential exits in the utilization of MCH services (full ANC, Safe delivery and post-natal care) in all the three states under study. The regression result shows that the tribal population is less likely to utilize maternal and child health care services than other Caste groups. The economic inequality in accessing the all three components of maternal health care utilization was higher in the Jharkhand than Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Further, economic inequality was higher in accessing the full ANC than safe delivery and post-natal care across all the states under study. From policy point of view, the government schemes to provide maternal health services to tribal communities should consider the community-level factors affecting maternal health care utilization and should extend its operations in the small villages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bal Govind Chauhan
- Population Research Centre, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune, India
| | - Suresh Jungari
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribhai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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Mekwunyei LC, Odetola TD. Determinants of maternal health service utilisation among pregnant teenagers in Delta State, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 37:81. [PMID: 33244344 PMCID: PMC7680235 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.81.16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION the prevailing high maternal mortality and morbidity rate among pregnant adolescents in Nigeria underscores all efforts said to have been made to tackle maternal deaths among this population. Not much research has been done to ascertain the reasons associated with the poor utilisation of Maternal Health Services (MHS) by pregnant teenagers. This study, therefore, explored the extent and determinants of MHS utilisation among pregnant teenagers in Delta State. METHODS this study made use of a mixed cross-sectional study design. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted in selecting eight communities while snowballing was used in identifying pregnant teenagers. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection from 212 pregnant teenagers and an interview guide was further used to interview 16 pregnant teenagers randomly selected from the communities. Descriptive and inferential data analyses were done using SPSS version 22. Hypotheses were tested using Chi-square test at P≤0.05 level of significance. RESULTS seventy per cent of the participants stated that they utilised MHS by visiting an antenatal care centre (ANC) centre at least once during their pregnancy but only 28.3% had ANC attendance that was appropriate with their gestational age. A grand mean ± SD of 3.4714 showed that there is a high level of perception of stigmatisation among pregnant teenagers. Also, married teenagers [86%] were found to utilise MHS more than their single counterparts [67.1%]. A statistically significant association (Chi-square) was found between utilisation of MHS and maternal education [P=0.024], utilisation of MHS and availability/accessibility of MHS facilities [P=0.002], utilisation of MHS and cost of MHS [P=0.001] and utilisation of MHS and coercion/violence from partner [P=0.000]. CONCLUSION the level of utilisation of MHS by pregnant teenagers is low with main determinants of use being stigmatisation of pregnant teenagers, availability of health personnel, accessibility to MHS facilities, permission from significant others and cost of MHS.
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Socio-demographic factors influencing utilization of maternal health care services in India. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2019.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Continuum of maternal health care services and its impact on child immunization in India: an application of the propensity score matching approach. J Biosoc Sci 2020; 53:643-662. [PMID: 32830633 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932020000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Continuum of care throughout pregnancy, delivery and post-delivery has proved to be a critical health intervention for improving the health of mothers and their newborn children. Using data from the fourth wave of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) conducted in 2015-16, this study examined the correlates of utilization of maternal health care services and child immunization following the continuum of care approach in India. The study also assessed whether the continuity in utilizing maternal health care services affects the immunization of children. A total of 33,422 survey women aged 15-49 were included in the analysis of maternal health care indicators, and 8246 children aged 12-23 months for the analysis of child immunization. The results indicated that about 19% of the women had completed the maternal health continuum, i.e. received full antenatal care, had an institutional delivery and received postnatal care. Women with a higher level of education and of higher economic status were more likely to have complete continuum of care. Continuity of maternal health care was found to be associated with an increase in the immunization level of children. It was observed that 76% of the children whose mothers had complete continuum of care were fully immunized. Furthermore, the results from propensity score matching revealed that if mothers received continuum of care, the chance of their child being fully immunized increased by 17 percentage points. The results suggest that promotion of the continuum of maternal health care approach could help reduce not only the burden of maternal deaths in India, but also that of child deaths by increasing the immunization level of children.
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Hamal M, Dieleman M, De Brouwere V, de Cock Buning T. Social determinants of maternal health: a scoping review of factors influencing maternal mortality and maternal health service use in India. Public Health Rev 2020; 41:13. [PMID: 32514389 PMCID: PMC7265229 DOI: 10.1186/s40985-020-00125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal health remains a major public health problem in India, with large inter- and intra-state inequities in maternal health service use and maternal deaths. The Commission on Social Determinants of Health provides a framework to identify structural and intermediary factors of health inequities, including maternal health, and understand their mechanism of influence, which might be important in addressing maternal health inequities in India. Our review aims to map and summarize the evidence on social determinants influencing maternal health in India and understand their mechanisms of influence by using a maternal health-specific social determinants framework. METHODS A scoping review was conducted of peer-reviewed journal articles in two databases (PubMed and Science Direct) on quantitative and qualitative studies conducted in India after 2000. We also searched for articles in a search engine (Google Scholar). Forty-one studies that met the study objectives were included: 25 identified through databases and search engines and 16 through reference check. RESULTS Economic status, caste/ethnicity, education, gender, religion, and culture were the most important structural factors of maternal health service use and maternal mortality in India. Place of residence, maternal age at childbirth, parity and women's exposure to mass media, and maternal health messages were the major intermediary factors. The structural factors influenced the intermediary factors (either independently or in association with other factors) that contributed to the use of maternal health service or caused maternal deaths. The health system emerged as a crucial and independent intermediary factor of influence on maternal health in India. Issues of power were observed in broader social contexts and in the relationships of health workers which led to differential access to maternal healthcare for women from different socioeconomic groups. CONCLUSION The model integrates existing information from quantitative and qualitative studies and provides a more comprehensive picture of structural and intermediary factors of maternal health service use and maternal mortality in India and their mechanisms of influence. Given the limitations of this study, we indicate the areas for further research pertaining to the framework and maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Hamal
- Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Maternal and Reproductive Health, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marjolein Dieleman
- Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- KIT Health, PO Box 95001, 1090 HA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent De Brouwere
- Maternal and Reproductive Health, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tjard de Cock Buning
- Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Improving use of maternal care services among married adolescent girls: an intervention study in rural India. J Biosoc Sci 2020; 53:336-355. [PMID: 32326992 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932020000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of the Safe Adolescent Transition and Health Initiative (SATHI) programme on the use of maternal care services among rural, pregnant adolescents in India. This was an intensive community-based, multi-site intervention project conducted in Maharashtra state between 2008 and 2011. Its aims were to improve the reproductive health of married adolescent girls and avert the adverse consequences of early motherhood. It had a quasi-experimental, case-control, pre-post design to enable rigorous evaluation. This study used cross-sectional data from 644 married girls aged under 19 years at baseline and 802 at endline to assess the maternal care outcomes of antenatal care, delivery and postnatal services and nutrition during pregnancy. Difference-in-differences analysis showed that all outcomes improved significantly in the study sites between baseline and endline, and the improvement in study sites was significantly larger than in the control sites. Multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant dose-response effect of intervention participation for antenatal care, pregnancy nutrition and postnatal care. Study participation was not statistically significantly associated with higher rates of safe or institutional delivery. The analysis suggests that training and supporting community health workers to work with married adolescent girls using interpersonal communication and interacting frequently with them and their families and communities can significantly improve the use of maternal care services among this population. With almost a million community health workers and 200,000 auxiliary nurse midwives at the community level providing primary level care in India, this intervention offers a proven strategy to replicate and scale-up to reach large numbers of married adolescent girls who do not currently use maternal care services.
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Chatterjee E, Sennott C. Fertility intentions and maternal health behaviour during and after pregnancy. POPULATION STUDIES 2020; 74:55-74. [PMID: 31690185 PMCID: PMC6980985 DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2019.1672881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study examines associations between fertility intentions and maternal health behaviours during and after pregnancy among a nationally representative sample of 3,442 women from India. Two waves of data (2005, 2012) from the India Human Development Survey were analyzed to investigate the influence of unwanted births on women's use of antenatal care, timely postnatal care, and the delivery setting using binary and ordered logistic regression, partial proportional odds models, and propensity score weighting. Fifty-eight per cent of sample births were unwanted. Regression results show that, net of maternal and household characteristics, women with unwanted births were less likely to obtain any antenatal care and had fewer antenatal tests performed. Unwantedness was also associated with a lower likelihood of delivering in an institutional setting and of obtaining timely postnatal care. The relationships between unwantedness and antenatal care, postnatal care, and delivery setting were robust to models accounting for propensity weighting.
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Nutritional service needs of pregnant and lactating adolescent girls in Trans-Mara East Sub-County, Narok County: focus on access and utilization of nutritional advice and services. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:229. [PMID: 31277585 PMCID: PMC6612069 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An understanding of the association between adolescent nutrition, adolescent pregnancy and their quest for healthcare services may elucidate a basis for intervention and formulation of programs that enhance post-partum and increase the lifespan of the newborn, improve the quality of life and bridge morbidity, mortality and healthcare-associated cost. However, the nutritional needs of pregnant and lactating adolescent girls aged below 10 years resident in Trans Mara East Sub-County, Kenya remained unestablished. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional needs of pregnant and lactating adolescent girls (under 19) when accessing and utilizing nutritional advice and services in Trans-Mara East Sub-County, Narok County. Methods The study adopted a cross-sectional approach that employed mixed methods with both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. Cochran formula was applied to arrive at a minimum of 291 households. Probability proportionate to size sampling techniques using cluster and simple random methods were used to practically access adolescents who are pregnant or lactating. Data was collected using questionnaires, in-depth interview and Focus Group Discussion. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively using frequencies and inferentially using odds ratio and z-test. Framework analysis was employed to analyze qualitative data. p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The study revealed that access of pieces of nutritional-related advice represented by 67.8% was significantly higher than expected frequency of 50%. Nutrition supplementation, food fortification or blending and complementary feeding were significantly below the expectant frequency (p < 0.01) of 50%. Nutrition service areas such as provision and collection of vitamin A and IFAS were significantly lower than expected frequency (p < 0.01). Conclusions The most widely utilized were nutrition services that falls within the preventive-focused services followed by curative-focused services. Nutritionist and nurse more likely to increase overall utilization of nutrition services. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-019-2391-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Association between child marriage and utilization of maternal health care services in India: Evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. Midwifery 2019; 75:66-71. [PMID: 31009933 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In an effort to improve utilization of maternal health care services, age at marriage of girls has gain very little attention by the policy maker and programmer. Studies have indicated that child marriage has serious negative consequences on maternal health. Moreover, there is a paucity of research on explaining the links between child marriage and maternal health care utilization. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between child marriage and utilization of maternal health care services using nationally representative sample survey of India. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING India. PARTICIPANTS A total number of 190,898 ever-married women who had at least one live birth during the last five years preceding the survey from the 2015 to 2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS) were utilized. MEASUREMENTS Outcome measures: At least four antenatal visits (ANC), ANC visit within first trimester, institutional delivery, delivery by skilled health personnel, and postnatal care (PNC) within 42 days of delivery. Predictor variable: Child marriage. Control variables: Socio-economic and demographic characteristics of women. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed for the analyses of the study data. RESULTS The results of our study revealed that women who married at <18 years were significantly less likely to use maternal health care services than those married at ≥18 years even after accounting for socio-economic and demographic characteristics of women. Furthermore, nuanced analysis revealed that the odds of maternity care services is much lower for those women who married at ≤14 years compared with later married groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study suggest that efforts should be made to increase age at marriage of girls which could have positive impact on utilization of maternal health care services. Moreover, targeted intervention is needed to improve the utilization of maternity care especially among socio-economically vulnerable women.
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Jungari S, Paswan B. What he knows about her and how it affects her? Husband's knowledge of pregnancy complications and maternal health care utilization among tribal population in Maharashtra, India. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:70. [PMID: 30760234 PMCID: PMC6373054 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Husbands’ knowledge and awareness of pregnancy complications have a positive impact on their wives’ utilization of maternal health care services. In this study, we examined whether husbands’ knowledge and awareness of pregnancy complications can serve as determinants of maternal health service utilization among wives from the tribal population. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural Gadchrioli district of Maharashtra, India, during November 2014–March 2015. This study included a representative population-based sample of 385 men whose wives had given birth in last 2 years at the age of 15–49 years. A multistage sampling strategy was adopted to select the respondents. Univariate, bivariate, and binary logistic regression analyses were applied to examine the association between men’s knowledge and maternal health service utilization. Results The result revealed that an increase in husbands’ education level increased the wives’ utilization of antenatal (ANC) care services. The type of tribe also contributed to significant differences in ANC utilization (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 0.847–8.24). Regarding standard of living, husbands who were poor were 22% less likely than husbands in the rich category to report the utilization of ANC by their wives. Men with partial or complete knowledge of pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum complications were more likely to utilize all maternal health services by their wives. Conclusions The wives are of men who aware of complications during pregnancy and childbirth are more likely to use maternal health services. Therefore, educating and empowering men about pregnancy complications will contribute to the reduction in maternal and neonatal deaths. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-019-2214-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Jungari
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Saritribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
| | - Balram Paswan
- Department of Population Policies and Programmes, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Acheampong M, Ejiofor C, Salinas-Miranda A, Jaward FM, Eduful M, Yu Q. Bridging the Under-Five Mortality Gap for Africa in the Era of Sustainable Development Goals: An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Analysis. Ann Glob Health 2018; 84:110-120. [PMID: 30873806 PMCID: PMC6748240 DOI: 10.29024/aogh.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While Africa achieved significant progress in reducing under-five mortality rate (U5MR) in the MDGs era, it did not achieve the set target and still has the highest average of 81 deaths per 1000 live births compared to a global average of 43 deaths. The SDG number 3 has set a new target of reducing U5MR to 25 deaths per 1000 births in the world, which serves a huge challenge, especially for Africa. Socioeconomic inequities that remain unaddressed across countries account for Africa's high U5MR. Unless there is adequate prioritization of important socioeconomic, healthcare, and environmental factors, the new SDGs target will be hindered. Objectives: In this study, our primary objective was to analyse and assess factors that account most for the U5MR inequities between Africa and the rest of the world. Methods: We conducted a series of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression-based prioritization analysis of socioeconomic, healthcare, and environmental variables from 43 African countries in a pool of 109 countries from around the world to understand the most important factors that account most for the high U5MR in Africa. FINDINGS The results suggest that the most critical category for bridging the U5MR gap with the rest of the world is improved healthcare access. However, with all categories examined together, the OLS regression showed that the most important factors that accounted for Africa's high U5MR compared with the rest of the world were, in order: fertility rate, access to improved water, total health expenditure per capita, access to improved sanitation, and female employment rate. CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal that Africa will significantly benefit from interventions geared towards both the treatment and prevention of acute infectious diseases in the form of providing affordable maternal healthcare services, as well as providing access to improved drinking water and sanitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Acheampong
- School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, NES 107 Tampa, FL 33620-5550, US
| | - Chukwudi Ejiofor
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC 56, Tampa, FL 33612, US
| | - Abraham Salinas-Miranda
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC 56, Tampa, FL 33612, US
| | - Foday M. Jaward
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC 56, Tampa, FL 33612, US
| | - Michael Eduful
- School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, NES 107 Tampa, FL 33620-5550, US
| | - Qiuyan Yu
- School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, NES 107 Tampa, FL 33620-5550, US
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Acheampong M, Ejiofor C, Salinas-Miranda A. An Analysis of Determinants of Under-5 Mortality across Countries: Defining Priorities to Achieve Targets in Sustainable Developmental Goals. Matern Child Health J 2018; 21:1428-1447. [PMID: 28155024 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-017-2260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The end of the era of millennium development goals (MDGs) ushered in the sustainable development goals (SDGs) with a new target for the reduction of under-five mortality rates (U5MR). Although U5MR decreased globally, the reduction was insufficient to meet MDGs targets because significant socioeconomic inequities remain unaddressed across and within countries. Thus, further progress in achieving the new SDGs target will be hindered if there is no adequate prioritization of important socioeconomic, healthcare, and environmental factors. The objective of this study was to assess factors that account most for the differences in U5MR between countries around the globe. Methods We conducted an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression-based prioritization analysis of socioeconomic, healthcare, and environmental variables from 109 countries to understand which factors explain the differences in U5MR best. Results All indicators examined individually affected differences in U5MR between countries. However, the results of multivariate OLS regression showed that the most important factors that accounted for the differences were, in order: fertility rate, total health expenditure per capita, access to improved water and sanitation, and female employment rate. Conclusions To achieve the new global target for U5MR, policymakers must focus on certain priority areas, such as interventions that address access to affordable maternal healthcare services, educational programs for mothers, especially those who are adolescents, and safe drinking water and sanitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Acheampong
- School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, NES 107, Tampa, FL, 33620-5550, USA.
| | - Chukwudi Ejiofor
- College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC 56, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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Santas F, Celik Y, Eryurt MA. Do health care reforms in Turkey have a significant effect in equal access to maternal and child health services in Turkey: An evidence from 20 years. Int J Health Plann Manage 2017; 33:e344-e356. [PMID: 29277916 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether there was an improvement in the equitable access to maternal and child health care services by examining the effects of socioeconomic and individual factors in Turkey from 1993 to 2013 and determine the effectiveness of health care reforms implemented mainly under the Health Transformation Program since 2003 on equitable access t;o maternal and child health care services in terms of years. The study used nationally representative 5 Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys (1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, and 2013). Prenatal care utilization rate increased from 67.0% in 1993 to 96.2% in 2013 while the rate of women giving birth at health care facilities increased from 63.8% to 98.1% in 2013. Prenatal care utilization and giving birth at health care facilities were higher among women who were under health insurance coverage, first time mothers, those staying in the western region and urban areas, and those with the highest level of wealth. The findings suggest that the issue of equity in the utilization of maternal and child health care services exists in Turkey, and the latest health care reforms under HTP are not effective in diminishing the effect of wealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Santas
- Bozok University Faculty of Economics & Administrative Science, Department of Health Management, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Celik
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Economics & Administrative Science, Department of Health Management, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Eryurt
- Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, Ankara, Turkey
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WOMEN'S EDUCATION AND UTILIZATION OF MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES IN AFRICA: A MULTI-COUNTRY AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ANALYSIS. J Biosoc Sci 2017; 50:725-748. [PMID: 29103388 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932017000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There is an abundant literature on the relationship between women's education and maternal and child outcomes, including antenatal and postnatal care, onset of antenatal care and skilled birth attendance. However, few studies have adopted the 'equity' lens, despite increasing evidence that inequities between rich and poor are increasing although maternal and child mortality is declining. This study examined the differential effects of women's education within different socioeconomic strata in Africa. The most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ghana, Nigeria and Zimbabwe were used. In each country, the original sample was stratified into three socioeconomic groups: poor, middle and rich. For each maternal health service utilization variable, the gross and net effects of women's education, controlling for age, parity, religion, marital status, health insurance, access to health facilities, partner's education and current place of residence, were estimated using logistic regression, taking into account the complex sampling design of the DHS. The findings revealed country-specific variations in maternal health service utilization, and for most indicators there was a clear gradient among socioeconomic strata: women living in better-off households exhibited greater access to, and utilization of, maternal health services. Multivariate analyses revealed that women's education had a positive association with type of antenatal care provider, timing and frequency of antenatal care visits, place of delivery and presence of a skilled birth attendant at delivery. Many other factors were found to be significantly associated with maternal health service utilization. For instance, parity had a negative and significant association with timing of first antenatal care visit. Likewise, partner's education was positively and statistically associated with timing of first antenatal care visit. It is argued that an over-generalization of the association between women's education and maternal health service utilization can be misleading. Efforts to improve maternal health service utilization in Africa must adopt an 'equity' approach, taking into account the specific needs of sub-populations.
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Machira K, Palamuleni M. Factors influencing women's utilization of public health care services during childbirth in Malawi Public health facility utilization. Afr Health Sci 2017; 17:400-408. [PMID: 29062335 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v17i2.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal mortality remains a public health challenge claiming many lives at the time of giving birth lives. However, there have been scanty studies investigating factors influencing women's use of public health facilities during childbirth. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to explore the factors associated with women choice of public health facility during childbirth. METHODS The study used 2010 Malawi Demographic Health Survey dataset and a binary logistics regression analysis to estimate the determinants influencing women's use of public health facilities at the time they give birth. RESULTS Of 23020 women respondents, 8454(36.7%) chose to give birth in public health facilities. Multivariate analysis reported that frequency of antenatal care (ANC), birth order, women's education, wealth status and quality of care were the major predictors increasing women's choice to use public health facilities at childbirth. CONCLUSION There is need to use multimedia approach to engage women on significance of utilizing public health facilities during childbirth and promote quality of care in facilities if their health outcome is to improve in Malawi.
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Khan MT, Zaheer S, Shafique K. Maternal education, empowerment, economic status and child polio vaccination uptake in Pakistan: a population based cross sectional study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013853. [PMID: 28283489 PMCID: PMC5353333 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the association of maternal education and empowerment with childhood polio vaccination using nationally representative data of Pakistani mothers in a reproductive age group. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Secondary analysis of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS), 2012-2013 data was performed. PARTICIPANTS Of the 13 558 mothers included in the survey sample, 6982 mothers were able to provide information regarding polio vaccinations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Polio vaccination coverage among children aged up to 5 years was categorised as complete vaccination (all four oral polio vaccine (OPV) doses), incomplete vaccination, and no vaccination (zero OPV dose received). Mothers' empowerment status was assessed using standard 'Measure DHS' questions regarding their involvement in decision-making related to health, household possessions and visits among family and friends. Education was categorised as no education, primary, secondary and higher education. Results of multinomial regression analyses were reported as adjusted OR with 95% CI. We adjusted for age, wealth index, urban/rural residence, place of delivery, and antenatal and postnatal visits. RESULTS Only 56.4% (n=3936) of the children received complete polio vaccination. Women with no education had significantly higher odds of their child receiving no polio vaccination (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.05 to 5.18; p<0.01) and incomplete vaccination (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.87; p<0.01). Further, unempowered women also had significantly higher odds of not taking their child for any polio vaccination (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.12; p<0.01) and incomplete vaccination (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.41; p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Illiteracy, socioeconomic status and empowerment of women remained significant factors linked to poorer uptake of routine polio vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tahir Khan
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Zaheer
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Shafique
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Public Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Banke-Thomas OE, Banke-Thomas AO, Ameh CA. Factors influencing utilisation of maternal health services by adolescent mothers in Low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:65. [PMID: 28209120 PMCID: PMC5314631 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent mothers aged 15-19 years are known to have greater risks of maternal morbidity and mortality compared with women aged 20-24 years, mostly due to their unique biological, sociological and economic status. Nowhere Is the burden of disease greater than in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Understanding factors that influence adolescent utilisation of essential maternal health services (MHS) would be critical in improving their outcomes. METHODS We systematically reviewed the literature for articles published until December 2015 to understand how adolescent MHS utilisation has been assessed in LMICs and factors affecting service utilisation by adolescent mothers. Following data extraction, we reported on the geographical distribution and characteristics of the included studies and used thematic summaries to summarise our key findings across three key themes: factors affecting MHS utilisation considered by researcher(s), factors assessed as statistically significant, and other findings on MHS utilisation. RESULTS Our findings show that there has been minimal research in this study area. 14 studies, adjudged as medium to high quality met our inclusion criteria. Studies have been published in many LMICs, with the first published in 2006. Thirteen studies used secondary data for assessment, data which was more than 5 years old at time of analysis. Ten studies included only married adolescent mothers. While factors such as wealth quintile, media exposure and rural/urban residence were commonly adjudged as significant, education of the adolescent mother and her partner were the commonest significant factors that influenced MHS utilisation. Use of antenatal care also predicted use of skilled birth attendance and use of both predicted use of postnatal care. However, there may be some context-specific factors that need to be considered. CONCLUSIONS Our findings strengthen the need to lay emphasis on improving girl child education and removing financial barriers to their access to MHS. Opportunities that have adolescents engaging with health providers also need to be seized. These will be critical in improving adolescent MHS utilisation. However, policy and programmatic choices need to be based on recent, relevant and robust datasets. Innovative approaches that leverage new media to generate context-specific dis-aggregated data may provide a way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwasola Eniola Banke-Thomas
- Department of International Public Health, Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Aduragbemi Oluwabusayo Banke-Thomas
- Department of International Public Health, Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- McCain Institute for International Leadership, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - Charles Anawo Ameh
- Department of International Public Health, Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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Kabwijamu L, Waiswa P, Kawooya V, Nalwadda CK, Okuga M, Nabiwemba EL. Newborn Care Practices among Adolescent Mothers in Hoima District, Western Uganda. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166405. [PMID: 27855186 PMCID: PMC5113955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent childbearing remains a major challenge to improving neonatal mortality especially in Sub Saharan countries which are still struggling with high neonatal mortality rates. We explored essential newborn care practices and associated factors among adolescent mothers in Western Uganda. METHODS Data were collected among 410 adolescent mothers with children aged one to six months in Hoima district. Three composite variables (appropriate neonatal breastfeeding, cord care and thermal protection) were derived by combining related practices from a list of recommended newborn care practices. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors independently associated with practice of essential newborn care. RESULTS Appropriate newborn feeding, optimal thermal protection and dry cord care were practiced by 60.5%, 67.2% and 31% of adolescent mothers respectively. Independent predictors' of cord care were: knowledge of cord care (AOR 5.34, 95% CI (1.51-18.84) and having delivered twins (AOR 0.04, 95% CI (0.01-0.22). The only predictor of thermal care was knowledge (AOR 25.15, 95% CI (7.01-90.20). Staying in a hospital for more than one day postpartum (AOR 2.45, 95%CI (1.23-4.86), knowledge of the correct time of breastfeeding initiation (AOR 14.71, 95% CI (5.20-41.58), predicted appropriate neonatal feeding, whereas; adolescent mothers who had had a caesarean delivery (AOR 0.19, 95% CI (I 0.04-0.96) and a male caretaker in the postnatal period (AOR 0.18, 95% CI (0.07-0.49) were less likely to practice the recommended newborn feeding. CONCLUSION Sub optimal essential newborn care practice was noted especially suboptimal cord care. Adolescent mothers should be a focus of strategies to improve maternal and neonatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kabwijamu
- Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter Waiswa
- Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
- Centre of Excellence for Maternal and Newborn Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
- Global Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Kawooya
- Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Christine K. Nalwadda
- Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Monica Okuga
- Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
- Centre of Excellence for Maternal and Newborn Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Elizabeth L. Nabiwemba
- Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
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Hoopes AJ, Agarwal P, Bull S, Chandra-Mouli V. Measuring adolescent friendly health services in India: A scoping review of evaluations. Reprod Health 2016; 13:137. [PMID: 27846848 PMCID: PMC5111259 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-016-0251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initiatives to promote adolescent friendly health services (AFHS) have been taking place in India and many low- and middle-income countries for nearly two decades. Evaluations of these initiatives have been placed in the public arena from time to time, but little is known about what they say about the overall situation on AFHS in India. This study aimed to describe how efforts to provide AFHS in India have been evaluated, how well they have been evaluated, and what their findings and implications are. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of evaluations of AFHS initiatives in India from 2000 to 2014. An electronic search was carried out in Medline and EMBASE. A manual search of grey literature was also performed, and experts were contacted in order to obtain additional manuscripts and reports. RESULTS Thirty evaluation reports were identified representing a broad geographic distribution. Evaluations have focused on government-sponsored AFHS programmes or independent non-governmental organization (NGO) initiatives to strengthen government services. The evaluations primarily measured programme outputs (e.g. quality and service utilization) and health behavioural outcomes (e.g. condom use). Study designs were commonly descriptive or quasi-experimental. Most evaluations found improvement in quality and utilization of services, and some demonstrated an increase in adolescent knowledge or health behaviours. Few measured positive project/programme results such as older age at first pregnancy. Strengths of evaluations were clear objectives, frequent use of multiple data sources, and assessment of programmatic outputs as well as health outcomes. Weaknesses were lack of consistency and quality. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm that a number of evaluations of AFHS initiatives in India have been carried out. They point to service quality and in behavioural improvements in adolescents. However, their lack of consistency hinders comparison across sites, and their uneven quality means that their findings need to be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J. Hoopes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Box B025, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Paras Agarwal
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheana Bull
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, 13001 E. 17th Place, B119, Bldg 500, Room E3345A, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Venkatraman Chandra-Mouli
- Division of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
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Banke-Thomas O, Banke-Thomas A, Ameh CA. Utilisation of maternal health services by adolescent mothers in Kenya: analysis of the demographic health survey 2008-2009. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2016; 30:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2016-0042/ijamh-2016-0042.xml. [PMID: 27732558 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2016-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many Kenyan adolescents die following pregnancy and childbirth complications. Maternal health services (MHS) utilisation is key to averting such poor outcomes. Our objectives were to understand the characteristics of adolescent mothers in Kenya, describe their MHS utilisation pattern and explore factors that influence this pattern. METHODS We collected demographic and MHS utilisation data of all 301 adolescent mothers aged 15-19 years included in the Kenya Demographic Health Survey 2008/2009 (KDHS). Descriptive statistics were used to characterise them and their MHS utilisation patterns. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to test associations between selected predictor variables and MHS utilisation. FINDINGS Eighty-six percent, 48% and 86% of adolescent mothers used ante-natal care (ANC), skilled birth attendance (SBA) and post-natal care (PNC), respectively. Adolescent mothers from the richest quintile were nine (CI=2.00-81.24, p=0.001) and seven (CI=3.22-16.22, p<0.001) times more likely to use ANC and SBA, respectively, compared to those from the poorest. Those with primary education were four (CI=1.68-9.64, p<0.001) and two (CI=0.97-4.81, p=0.043) times more likely to receive ANC and SBA, respectively, compared to uneducated mothers, with similar significant findings amongst their partners. Urban adolescent mothers were six (CI=1.89-32.45, p=0.001) and four (CI=2.00-6.20, p<0.001) times more likely to use ANC and SBA, respectively, compared to their rural counterparts. The odds of Maasai adolescent mothers using ANC was 90% (CI=0.02-0.93, p=0.010) lower than that of Kalenjin mothers. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent MHS utilisation in Kenya is an inequality issue. To address this, focus should be on the poorest, least educated, rural-dwelling adolescent mothers living in the most disadvantaged communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwasola Banke-Thomas
- Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas
- Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- McCain Institute for International Leadership, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Charles Anawo Ameh
- Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Kumar C, Singh PK, Singh L, Rai RK. Socioeconomic disparities in coverage of full immunisation among children of adolescent mothers in India, 1990-2006: a repeated cross-sectional analysis. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e009768. [PMID: 27519918 PMCID: PMC4985793 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have highlighted that children of adolescent (aged 15-19 years) mothers are likely to receive relatively poor healthcare. With an unacceptably high adolescent birth rate, India houses the highest number of adolescent mothers globally, putting children at risk of inadequate vaccination. This paper assesses trends and extent of socioeconomic disparities in the coverage of full immunisation among children of adolescent mothers in India. DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional analytical study. DATA SOURCES 3 consecutive rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted during 1992-1993, 1998-1999 and 2005-2006 were used. Besides, the required information is also extracted from the 2011 Indian Census. PARTICIPANTS Children (aged 12-23 months) of adolescent (aged 15-19 years) mothers. Sample inclusion criteria involved the last child of the adolescent eligible to avail full immunisation. SETTING Nationally representative sample. DATA ANALYSIS The Cochran-Armitage test, χ(2) test and binary logistic regression methods were applied to attain the study objective. RESULTS Between 1990 and 2006, a non-significant increase of 4 percentage points in full immunisation of children of adolescent mothers was estimated. During the same period, a large difference between the probability of children of adolescent mothers receiving full immunisation belonging to the least (predicted probability (PP): 0.196 in 1990-1993, and PP: 0.213 in 2003-2006) and the most (PP: 0.589 in 1990-1993, and PP: 0.645 in 2003-2006) socioeconomically privileged group was estimated, and this disparity persisted over the survey period. CONCLUSIONS During 1990-2006, an insufficient improvement in provision of full immunisation to children born to adolescent mothers was recorded. The study underscored the suboptimum immunisation of rural, illiterate and poor children of adolescent women. The programme and policymakers could focus on district-wise concentration of adolescent women, especially those belonging to the underprivileged groups, to design a targeted intervention to elevate the level of immunisation of children of adolescent mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar
- Department of Geography, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Population Health & Nutrition Research Program, Institute for Human Development, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Lucky Singh
- National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Rai
- Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, West Bengal, India
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