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Visco DB, Manhães-de-Castro R, da Silva MM, Costa-de-Santana BJR, Pereira Dos Santos Junior J, Saavedra LM, de Lemos MDTB, Valdéz-Alarcón JJ, Lagranha CJ, Guzman-Quevedo O, Torner L, Toscano AE. Neonatal kaempferol exposure attenuates impact of cerebral palsy model on neuromotor development, cell proliferation, microglia activation, and antioxidant enzyme expression in the hippocampus of rats. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:20-41. [PMID: 36576161 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2156034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess the effect of neonatal treatment with kaempferol on neuromotor development, proliferation of neural precursor cells, the microglia profile, and antioxidant enzyme gene expression in the hippocampus. METHODS A rat model of cerebral palsy was established using perinatal anoxia and sensorimotor restriction of hindlimbs during infancy. Kaempferol (1 mg/ kg) was intraperitoneally administered during the neonatal period. RESULTS Neonatal treatment with kaempferol reduces the impact of the cerebral palsy model on reflex ontogeny and on the maturation of physical features. Impairment of locomotor activity development and motor coordination was found to be attenuated by kaempferol treatment during the neonatal period in rats exposed to cerebral palsy. Neonatal treatment of kaempferol in cerebral palsy rats prevents a substantial reduction in the number of neural precursor cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, an activated microglia profile, and increased proliferation of microglia in the sub-granular zone and in the granular cell layer. Neonatal treatment with kaempferol increases gene expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the hippocampus of rats submitted to the cerebral palsy model. DISCUSSION Kaempferol attenuates the impact of cerebral palsy on neuromotor behavior development, preventing altered hippocampal microglia activation and mitigating impaired cell proliferation in a neurogenic niche in these rats. Neonatal treatment with kaempferol also increases antioxidant defense gene expression in the hippocampus of rats submitted to the cerebral palsy model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bulcão Visco
- Laboratory of Neurofunctional, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition (Posnutri), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Raul Manhães-de-Castro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition (Posnutri), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria da Silva
- Graduate Program in Nutrition (Posnutri), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Bárbara J R Costa-de-Santana
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Posneuro), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Joaci Pereira Dos Santos Junior
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Luís Miguel Saavedra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Mexico
| | | | - Juan José Valdéz-Alarcón
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología - Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro, Mexico
| | - Claudia Jacques Lagranha
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Physiology (PGBqF), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Posneuro), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Omar Guzman-Quevedo
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tacámbaro, Tacámbaro, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Mexico
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Posneuro), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Luz Torner
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Ana Elisa Toscano
- Graduate Program in Nutrition (Posnutri), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity Unit, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Posneuro), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Nursing Unit, Vitória Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
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Gul S, Attaullah S, Alsugoor MH, Bawazeer S, Shah SA, Khan S, Salahuddin HS, Ullah M. Folicitin abrogates scopolamine induced oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia mediated neuronal synapse and memory dysfunction in mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16930. [PMID: 37416682 PMCID: PMC10320035 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
No effective drug treatment is available for Alzheimer disease, thus the need arise to develop efficient drugs for its treatment. Natural products have pronounced capability in treating Alzheimer disease therefore current study aimed to evaluate the neuro-protective capability of folicitin against scopolamine-induced Alzheimer disease neuropathology in mice. Experimental mice were divided into four groups i.e. control (single dose of 250 μL saline), scopolamine-administered group (1 mg/kg administered for three weeks), scopolamine plus folicitin-administered group (scopolamine 1 mg/kg administration for three weeks followed by folicitin administration for last two weeks) and folicitin-administered group (20 mg/kg administered for 5 alternate days). Results of behavioral tests and Western blot indicated that folicitin has the capability of recovering the memory against scopolamine-induced memory impairment by reducing the oxidative stress through up-regulating the endogenous antioxidant system like nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor and Heme oxygenase-1 while prohibiting phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Similarly, folicitin also improved the synaptic dysfunction by up-regulating SYP and PSD95. Scopolamine-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia were abolished by folicitin as evidenced through random blood glucose test, glucose tolerance test and lipid profile test. All these results revealed that folicitin being a potent anti-oxidant is capable of improving synaptic dysfunction and reducing oxidative stress through Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway, thus plays a key role in treating Alzheimer disease as well as possess hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic effect. Furthermore, a detailed study is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Gul
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Attaullah
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mahdi H. Alsugoor
- Umme Al-Qura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Bawazeer
- Umme Al-Qura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ali Shah
- Neuro Molecular Medicine Research Centre (NMMRC), Ring Road, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sanaullah Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Mujeeb Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Gambino G, Brighina F, Allegra M, Marrale M, Collura G, Gagliardo C, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Di Majo D, Ferraro G, Sardo P, Giglia G. Modulation of Human Motor Cortical Excitability and Plasticity by Opuntia Ficus Indica Fruit Consumption: Evidence from a Preliminary Study through Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224915. [PMID: 36432601 PMCID: PMC9694319 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Indicaxanthin (IX) from Opuntia Ficus Indica (OFI) has been shown to exert numerous biological effects both in vitro and in vivo, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuro-modulatory activity in rodent models. Our goal was to investigate the eventual neuro-active role of orally assumed fruits containing high levels of IX at nutritionally-relevant amounts in healthy subjects, exploring cortical excitability and plasticity in the human motor cortex (M1). To this purpose, we applied paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) in basal conditions and followed the consumption of yellow cactus pear fruits containing IX or white cactus pear fruits devoid of IX (placebo). Furthermore, resting state-functional MRI (rs-fMRI) preliminary acquisitions were performed before and after consumption of the same number of yellow fruits. Our data revealed that the consumption of IX-containing fruits could specifically activate intracortical excitatory circuits, differently from the placebo-controlled group. Furthermore, we found that following the ingestion of IX-containing fruits, elevated network activity of glutamatergic intracortical circuits can homeostatically be restored to baseline levels following a-tDCS stimulation. No significant differences were observed through rs-fMRI acquisitions. These outcomes suggest that IX from OFI increases intracortical excitability of M1 and leads to homeostatic cortical plasticity responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Filippo Brighina
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marrale
- Department of Physics and Chemistry “Emilio Segrè”, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Collura
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesare Gagliardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Danila Di Majo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Giglia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
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Jangwan NS, Ashraf GM, Ram V, Singh V, Alghamdi BS, Abuzenadah AM, Singh MF. Brain augmentation and neuroscience technologies: current applications, challenges, ethics and future prospects. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:1000495. [PMID: 36211589 PMCID: PMC9538357 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.1000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since the dawn of antiquity, people have strived to improve their cognitive abilities. From the advent of the wheel to the development of artificial intelligence, technology has had a profound leverage on civilization. Cognitive enhancement or augmentation of brain functions has become a trending topic both in academic and public debates in improving physical and mental abilities. The last years have seen a plethora of suggestions for boosting cognitive functions and biochemical, physical, and behavioral strategies are being explored in the field of cognitive enhancement. Despite expansion of behavioral and biochemical approaches, various physical strategies are known to boost mental abilities in diseased and healthy individuals. Clinical applications of neuroscience technologies offer alternatives to pharmaceutical approaches and devices for diseases that have been fatal, so far. Importantly, the distinctive aspect of these technologies, which shapes their existing and anticipated participation in brain augmentations, is used to compare and contrast them. As a preview of the next two decades of progress in brain augmentation, this article presents a plausible estimation of the many neuroscience technologies, their virtues, demerits, and applications. The review also focuses on the ethical implications and challenges linked to modern neuroscientific technology. There are times when it looks as if ethics discussions are more concerned with the hypothetical than with the factual. We conclude by providing recommendations for potential future studies and development areas, taking into account future advancements in neuroscience innovation for brain enhancement, analyzing historical patterns, considering neuroethics and looking at other related forecasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Singh Jangwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Veerma Ram
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, India
| | - Vinod Singh
- Prabha Harji Lal College of Pharmacy and Paraclinical Sciences, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Mohammad Abuzenadah
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamta F. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, India
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Potential Role of Phytochemical Extract from Saffron in Development of Functional Foods and Protection of Brain-Related Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6480590. [PMID: 36193081 PMCID: PMC9526642 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6480590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present review is designed to measure the effects of saffron extract in functional foods and its pharmacological properties against various disorders. Saffron is a traditional medicinal plant used as a food additive. The stigma of saffron has bioactive compounds such as safranal, crocin, crocetin, picrocrocin, kaempferol, and flavonoid. These bioactive compounds can be extracted using conventional (maceration, solvent extraction, soxhlet extraction, and vapor or hydrodistillation) and novel techniques (emulsion liquid membrane extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, enzyme-associated extraction, pulsed electric field extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction). Saffron is used as a functional ingredient, natural colorant, shelf-life enhancer, and fortifying agent in developing different food products. The demand for saffron has been increasing in the pharma industry due to its protection against cardiovascular and Alzheimer disease and its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antidepressant properties. Conclusively, the phytochemical compounds of saffron improve the nutrition value of products and protect humans against various disorders.
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Tahmasbi F, Mirghafourvand M, Shamekh A, Mahmoodpoor A, Sanaie S. Effects of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function in elderly: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:1778-1786. [PMID: 34428991 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1966743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Probiotic supplementation has been linked to changes in cognitive function via the gut-brain axis (GBA). However, the current literature lacks a comprehensive review regarding this matter in the elderly population. METHOD Electronic databases including Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched for identifying studies that assessed the effects of probiotics on the cognitive function of the elderly published until July 2020. Articles were critically reviewed and if met the inclusion criteria, entered the study. RESULTS Among a total of 1374 studies, 10 were eligible for meta-analysis. No significant alteration was found in the cognition of the elderly (SMD=-0.04; 95% CI [- 1.07,0.98]; P = 0.93). There was a nonsignificant increase in the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (SMD = 0.58; 95% CI [-1.40,2.56]; P = 0.56) and a nonsignificant reduction in malondialdehyde levels (SMD=-0.44; 95% CI [-1.07,0.19]; P = 0.17). Levels of total antioxidant capacity (SMD = 39.93; 95% CI [2.92,76.95]; P = 0.03) and total glutathione (SMD = 61.51; 95% CI [12.39,110.62]; P = 0.01) significantly increased. A significant reduction was also noted in total cholesterol levels (SMD=-4.23; 95% CI [-8.32, -0.14]; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Our study did not support the hypothesis of the positive effect of probiotics on cognitive function in the elderly population; which might be due to the heterogeneity across the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Tahmasbi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Midwifery Department, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Shamekh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Oyeyinka BO, Afolayan AJ. Suitability of Banana and Plantain Fruits in Modulating Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implicating the In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence from Neuroactive Narratives of Constituent Biomolecules. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152263. [PMID: 35954031 PMCID: PMC9367880 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Active principles in plant-based foods, especially staple fruits, such as bananas and plantains, possess inter-related anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidative, and neuromodulatory activities. Neurodegenerative diseases affect the functionality of the central and peripheral nervous system, with attendant cognitive deficits being hallmarks of these conditions. The dietary constitution of a wide range of bioactive compounds identified in this review further iterates the significance of the banana and plantain in compromising, halting, or preventing the pathological mechanisms of neurological disorders. The neuroprotective mechanisms of these biomolecules have been identified by using protein expression regulation and specific gene/pathway targeting, such as the nuclear and tumor necrosis factors, extracellular signal-regulated and mitogen-activated protein kinases, activator protein-1, and the glial fibrillary acidic protein. This review establishes the potential double-edged neuro-pharmacological fingerprints of banana and plantain fruits in their traditionally consumed pulp and less utilized peel component for human nutrition.
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Shirsat-John P, Saldanha T, Kolhe S, Ziyaurrahman AR. Antiamnesic effect of Mesua ferrea (L.) flowers on scopolamine-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress in rats. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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De R, Jo KW, Kim KT. Influence of Molecular Structures on Fluorescence of Flavonoids and Their Detection in Mammalian Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061265. [PMID: 35740288 PMCID: PMC9220233 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are being increasingly applied for the treatment of various diseases due to their anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral properties. However, it is often challenging to detect their presence in cells and tissues through bioimaging, as most of them are not fluorescent or are too weak to visualize. Here, fluorescence possibilities of nine naturally occurring analogous flavonoids have been investigated through UV/visible spectroscopy, molecular structure examination, fluorescent images in mammalian cells and their statistical analysis employing aluminum chloride and diphenylboric acid 2-aminoethyl ester as fluorescence enhancers. It is found that, in order to form a stable fluorescent complex with an enhancer, flavonoids should have a keto group at C4 position and at least one -OH group at C3 or C5 position. Additionally, the presence of a double bond at C2–C3 can stabilize extended quinonoid structure at the cinnamoyl moiety, which thereby enhances the complex stability. A possible restriction to the free rotation of ring B around C1′–C2 single bond can contribute to the further enhancement of fluorescence. Thus, these findings can act as a guide for distinguishing flavonoids capable of exhibiting fluorescence from thousands of their analogues. Finally, using this technique, flavonoids are detected in neuroblastoma cells and their time course assay is conducted via fluorescence imaging. Their cellular uptake efficiency is found to be high and differential in nature and their distribution throughout the cytoplasm is clearly detected.
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Barbalho SM, Direito R, Laurindo LF, Marton LT, Guiguer EL, Goulart RDA, Tofano RJ, Carvalho ACA, Flato UAP, Capelluppi Tofano VA, Detregiachi CRP, Bueno PCS, Girio RSJ, Araújo AC. Ginkgo biloba in the Aging Process: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030525. [PMID: 35326176 PMCID: PMC8944638 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, insulin resistance, cancer, and other degenerative processes commonly appear with aging. Ginkgo biloba (GB) is associated with several health benefits, including memory and cognitive improvement, in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and cancer. Its antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions have effects on cognition and other conditions associated with aging-related processes, such as insulin resistance, hypertension, and cardiovascular conditions. The aim of this study was to perform a narrative review of the effects of GB in some age-related conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, CVD, and cancer. PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched, and the PRISMA guidelines were applied. Fourteen clinical trials were selected; the studies showed that GB can improve memory, cognition, memory scores, psychopathology, and the quality of life of patients. Moreover, it can improve cerebral blood flow supply, executive function, attention/concentration, non-verbal memory, and mood, and decrease stress, fasting serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin levels, body mass index, waist circumference, biomarkers of oxidative stress, the stability and progression of atherosclerotic plaques, and inflammation. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the use of GB can provide benefits in the prevention and treatment of aging-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
- School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-14-99655-3190
| | - Rosa Direito
- Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Ledyane Taynara Marton
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
- School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Ricardo José Tofano
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Antonely C. A. Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Uri Adrian Prync Flato
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Viviane Alessandra Capelluppi Tofano
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
| | - Cláudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Patrícia C. Santos Bueno
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Raul S. J. Girio
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.L.G.); (R.d.A.G.); (R.J.T.); (A.C.A.C.); (U.A.P.F.); (C.R.P.D.); (P.C.S.B.); (A.C.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (L.F.L.); (L.T.M.); (V.A.C.T.)
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Xing B, Li S, Yang J, Lin D, Feng Y, Lu J, Shao Q. Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and potential clinical applications of saffron: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114555. [PMID: 34438035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saffron, the dried red stigma of the perennial herb Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae), is one of the most important and expensive spices in the world. It is used as a traditional Chinese medicine with demonstrated effects in promoting blood circulation and suppressing blood stasis, cooling blood detoxification, and relieving depression. It is mainly used for the treatment of depression, irregular menstruation, postpartum thrombosis, and bruises. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to provide a systematic and up-to-date overview of the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical applications of saffron. We hope it could provide useful references and guidance for the future directions of research on saffron. MATERIALS AND METHODS The online database, such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, SciFinder and Chemical book, and CNKI were used to collect relevant literature. And the classic books about Chinese herbal medicine were also being referenced. RESULTS More than 150 chemical compounds, including carotenoids, flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, monoterpenes and monoterpenoid derivatives, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, amino acids, alkaloids and others, were revealed. The pharmacological activities study of saffron were focused on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidepressant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, memory-enhancing, and so on. Currently, saffron is mainly used for the treatment of diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, depression, anxiety disorders, cardiovascular diseases, learning and memory disorders, cancer, and other conditions. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemical and pharmacological analyses of saffron have been revealed in recent studies. However, clinical studies have focused mainly on AD, depression and anxiety disorders. Therefore, a large number of clinical trials are needed to study the efficacy of saffron and its major chemical components against other diseases including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cancer. Further studies of the mechanism of action and toxicological properties of saffron are also required, especially research to establish an effective dose of saffron and its long-term toxicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingcong Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Shuailing Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ding Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yue Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jiangjie Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Qingsong Shao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Nanonaringenin and Vitamin E Ameliorate Some Behavioral, Biochemical, and Brain Tissue Alterations Induced by Nicotine in Rats. J Toxicol 2021; 2021:4411316. [PMID: 34608387 PMCID: PMC8487377 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4411316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is the major alkaloid present in cigarettes that induces various biochemical and behavioral changes. Nanonaringenin (NNG) and vitamin E are antioxidants that are reported to mitigate serious impairments caused by some toxins and oxidants. Thus, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of NNG, vitamin E, and their combinations to ameliorate behavioral, biochemical, and histological alterations induced by nicotine in rats. Adult male albino rats were randomly grouped into six equal groups (10 rats/group): control, N (nicotine 1 mg/kg b.w./day S/C from 15th to 45th day, 5 days a week), NNG (25 mg/kg b.w./day orally for 45 days), N + NNG, N + E (nicotine + vitamin E 200 mg/kg b.w./day orally), and N + NNG + E (nicotine + NNG + vitamin E at the aforementioned doses). Behavioral tests were conducted on day 15 and 30 postnicotine injection, while memory tests, brain neurotransmitters, antioxidants, and histopathological examination were examined at day 30 only. As a result, nicotine impaired rats' activity (hypoactivity and hyperactivity) and memory, induced anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects on rats, and altered neurotransmitters (acetylcholinesterase, serotonin, and dopamine), and redox markers (MDA, H2O2, GSH, and catalase) levels in brain homogenates. Thickening and congestion of the meninges and degeneration of the cerebral neurons and glia cells were observed. Cosupplementation with NNG, vitamin E, and their combination with nicotine was beneficial in the alleviation of activity impairments and improved short memory and cognition defects and exploratory behaviors. Our results indicate the antioxidant potential of NNG and vitamin E by modulating redox markers and neurotransmitters in the brain. Thus, data suggest that the prophylactic use of NNG, vitamin E, and/or their combination for (45 days) may have a successful amelioration of the disrupted behavior and cognition and biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by nicotine.
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Almulla AYH, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK, Dasdelen D. Learning, Neurogenesis, and Effects of Flavonoids on Learning. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:355-364. [PMID: 34238155 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210707120719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Learning and memory are two of our mind's most magical abilities. Different brain regions have roles in processing and storing different types of memories. The hippocampus is the part of the brain responsible for receiving information and storing it in the neocortex. One of the most impressive characteristics of the hippocampus is its capacity for neurogenesis, which is a process in which new neurons are produced and then transformed into mature neurons and finally integrated into neural circuits. The neurogenesis process in the hippocampus, an example of neuroplasticity in the adult brain, is believed to aid hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. New neurons are constantly produced in the hippocampus and integrated into the pre-existing neuronal network; this allows old memories already stored in the neocortex to be removed from the hippocampus and replaced with new ones. Factors affecting neurogenesis in the hippocampus may also affect hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. The flavonoids can particularly exert powerful actions in mammalian cognition and improve hippocampal-dependent learning and memory by positively affecting hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Selcuk University, Medical School Department of Physiology, 42075, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Dervis Dasdelen
- Selcuk University, Medical School Department of Physiology, 42075, Konya, Turkey
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Effects of acute, sub-chronic and chronic chocolate consumption with different percent of cocoa/sugar on memory and EEG waves in rats. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Effects of Fruit and Vegetable-Based Nutraceutical on Cognitive Function in a Healthy Population: Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, and Randomized Clinical Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010116. [PMID: 33467530 PMCID: PMC7830952 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is scientific evidence of the positive effect of polyphenols from plant foods on cognition, but not enough is known about the synergistic effect when multiple polyphenols are consumed and even less in a healthy non-elderly population. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible effects of improvements in cognitive function in healthy people as a preparation based on micronized fruit and vegetables consumed. One hundred and eight subjects were selected, stratified by sex in the control intervention group (n = 53) and placebo (n = 55). Volunteers completed the study after two 16-week periods of consumption with a 4-week wash period between each phase. At the beginning and the end of each phase, volunteers performed the Stroop, TESEN, and RIST tests for the measurement of different cognitive function patterns. The results revealed statistically significant differences in all the variables of the tests carried out, especially compared with the placebo. Specially, the results obtained in the Stroop and TESEN test, in addition to the processing speed even with semantic interferences, were markedly better after the treatment with the product under study. Moreover, the consumption of the product under study clearly improves short-term memory, verbal and non-verbal, according to the results obtained in the RIST test. The results showed an improvement in executive function in terms of short-term memory, working memory, selective and sustained attention, and speed of processing.
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da Silva Leitão Peres N, Cabrera Parra Bortoluzzi L, Medeiros Marques LL, Formigoni M, Fuchs RHB, Droval AA, Reitz Cardoso FA. Medicinal effects of Peruvian maca (Lepidium meyenii): a review. Food Funct 2020; 11:83-92. [PMID: 31951246 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02732g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peruvian maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a root native to the Andean region, cultivated for at least 2000 years. Maca is rich in fiber, a large number of essential amino acids, fatty acids, and other nutrients, including vitamin C, copper, iron, and calcium. Besides these essential nutrients, this root contains bioactive compounds responsible for benefits to the human body, which has caused a considerable increase in its consumption in the last 20 years worldwide. This review documents the Peruvian maca composition and the recent findings regarding the medicinal effects of this root in sexual dysfunction regulation, neuroprotective effects, action in memory enhancement, antidepressant, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, and skin protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália da Silva Leitão Peres
- Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Campo Mourão, Paraná 87301-005, Brazil.
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Bao Z, Zhang P, Chen J, Gao J, Lin S, Sun N. Egg yolk phospholipids reverse scopolamine–induced spatial memory deficits in mice by attenuating cholinergic damage. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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The ameliorative effects of myricetin on neurobehavioral activity, electrophysiology, and biochemical changes in an animal model of traumatic brain injury. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2019.101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Cognitive Function and Consumption of Fruit and Vegetable Polyphenols in a Young Population: Is There a Relationship? Foods 2019; 8:foods8100507. [PMID: 31627296 PMCID: PMC6836211 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence has shown the relationship between consumption of fruits and vegetables and their polyphenols with the prevention or treatment of diseases. The aim of this review was to find out whether the same relationship exists between fruits and vegetables and cognitive function, especially memory, in a young population. The mechanisms by which polyphenols of fruits and vegetables can exert cognitive benefits were also evaluated. These compounds act to improve neuronal plasticity through the protein CREB (Camp Response Element Binding) in the hippocampus, modulating pathways of signaling and transcription factors (ERK/Akt). In the same way, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is implicated in the maintenance, survival, growth, and differentiation of neurons. All these effects are produced by an increase of cerebral blood flow and an increase of the blood’s nitric oxide levels and oxygenation.
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Yamauchi A, Tone T, Sugimoto K, Seok Lim H, Kaku T, Tohda C, Shindo T, Tamada K, Mizukami Y, Hirano E. Porcine placental extract facilitates memory and learning in aged mice. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2995-3005. [PMID: 31572593 PMCID: PMC6766592 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging induces a decline in both memory and learning ability without predisposing an individual to diseases of the central nervous system, such as dementia. This decline can have a variety of adverse effects on daily life, and it can also gradually affect the individual and the people they are surrounded by. Since recent evidence indicated that placental extract has effects on brain function such as memory, we hypothesized that placental extract could ameliorate the age-associated reduction in cognitive function in aging. Here, we investigated the effect of new modified porcine placental extract (SD-F) on memory ability in aged mice at both the behavioral and molecular levels. Our results revealed that SD-F significantly enhanced memory ability in the object recognition and object location tasks in a dose-dependent manner in aged mice relative to controls. The numbers of Nissl-positive cells in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) and dentate gyrus (DG) regions were increased in SD-F-treated aged mice relative to controls. RNA-seq analysis of the hippocampus of aged mice identified 542 differentially expressed genes, of which 216 were up-regulated and 326 were down-regulated in SD-F-treated mice relative to controls. Of the 216 up-regulated genes, we identified four characteristic genes directly related to memory, including early growth response protein 1 (Egr1), growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta (Gadd45b), NGFI-A binding protein 2 (Nab2), and vascular endothelial growth factor a (Vegfa). These results suggest that the efficacy of SD-F involves upregulation of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takahiro Tone
- Research InstituteJapan Bio Products Co., Ltd.KurumeJapan
| | - Koji Sugimoto
- Research InstituteJapan Bio Products Co., Ltd.KurumeJapan
| | | | | | - Chihiro Tohda
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Takayuki Shindo
- Department of Cardiovascular ResearchShinshu University Graduate School of MedicineNaganoJapan
| | - Koji Tamada
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineYamaguchi UniversityYamaguchiJapan
| | - Yoichi Mizukami
- Institute of Gene ResearchYamaguchi University Science Research CenterYamaguchiJapan
| | - Eiichi Hirano
- Research InstituteJapan Bio Products Co., Ltd.KurumeJapan
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Zarei M, Mohammadi S, Jabbari S, Shahidi S. Intracerebroventricular microinjection of kaempferol on memory retention of passive avoidance learning in rats: involvement of cholinergic mechanism(s). Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:1203-1212. [PMID: 31393204 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1653867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of the study: Kaempferol (KM) is a flavonoid found in plant-derived foods and medicinal plants. Recently, it is well established that KM plays a protective role to develop Alzheimer's disease. The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of intracerebroventricular micro-injection of KM on memory retention of passive avoidance learning (MRPAM) and identifying the potentially related cholinergic mechanisms (ChMs) in rats. Materials and methods: In the current study, male Wistar rats randomly divided into control, vehicle and KM (10, 20 and 40 μg/rat) groups. Moreover, MRPAM was evaluated by shuttle box test. The role of ChM was studied using non-selective and selective acetylcholine antagonists (scopolamine [SCN], 4-DAMP and methoctramine [MN], respectively) as well as pirenzepine (PZ) in combination with KM. Results: The employment of KM (40 μg/rat) improved the SCN-induced memory impairment in MRPAM. Co-treatment with KM (40 μg/rat) plus 4-DAMP significantly increased the step-through latency (STL, P < 0.05; 167 ± 28 s) and decreased the total dark chamber (TDC, P < 0.05; 121 ± 31 s) compared with those of the 4-DAMP group (STL: 75 ± 13 s; TDC: 178 ± 46 s). Co-treatment with KM (40 μg/rat) plus PZ attenuated STL, and also increased TDC (P < 0.01; 220 ± 28 s) compared with those of the PZ group. Co-treatment with KM (10 and 20 μg/rat) and MN increased STL (P < 0.05), and deceased TDC compared with those of the MN group (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Totally, the results of the present study showed that cholinergic system may be involved in improving effect of KM on SCN-induced memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zarei
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sajjad Jabbari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
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Rao T, Tan Z, Peng J, Guo Y, Chen Y, Zhou H, Ouyang D. The pharmacogenetics of natural products: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic perspective. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104283. [PMID: 31129178 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have represented attractive alternatives for disease prevention and treatment over the course of human history and have contributed to the development of modern drugs. These natural products possess beneficial efficacies as well as adverse efffects, which vary largely among individuals because of genetic variations in their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. As with other synthetic chemical drugs, the dosing of natural products can be optimized to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity according to the pharmacogenetic properties. With the emergence and development of pharmacogenomics, it is possible to discover and identify the targets/mechanisms of pharmacological effects and therapeutic responses of natural products effectively and efficiently on the whole genome level. This review covers the effects of genetic variations in drug metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters, and direct and indirect interactions with the pharmacological targets/pathways on the individual response to natural products, and provides suggestions on dosing regimen adjustments of natural products based on their pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic paratmeters. Finally, we provide our viewpoints on the importance and necessity of pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic research of natural products in natural medicine's rational development and clinical application of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Rao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhirong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jingbo Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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Akang EN, Dosumu OO, Afolayan OO, Fagoroye AM, Osiagwu DD, Usman IT, Oremosu AA, Akanmu AS. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-induced hippocampal disorders: Highlights on therapeutic potential of Naringenin and Quercetin. IBRO Rep 2019; 6:137-146. [PMID: 31061913 PMCID: PMC6488719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringenin and Quercetin decrease ROS and potentiate enzymatic antioxidant production in the hippocampus. cART induced marked cytoplasmic shrinkage and several pyknotic nuclei in the dentate gyrus and cornus ammonis region. Naringenin and Quercetin attenuates cART-induced upregulation of monoamine oxidase-B expression in neurons. Naringenin and Quercetin also ameliorates cART-induced spatial memory impairments. Naringenin and Quercetin acted as effective antioxidants in vivo against cART-induced neurotoxicity.
Introduction In spite of the multiple benefits of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on HIV positive patients, prolonged usage has been reported to exacerbate oxidative stress, and induce neurological and cognitive dysfunction, thus, the need to search for an adjuvant therapy to ameliorate the oxidative and improve treatment adherence with better virological outcome. This study aimed at determining the potential therapeutic effects of Quercetin and Naringenin on cART-induced cyto-architectural, neuro-behavioral and immunohistochemical changes in the hippocampus of the adult Wister rats. Materials and Methods The animals were grouped as follows: Control, DMSO, 24 mg/kg cART (Tenovovir 300 mg, Lamivudine 300 mg and Efavirenz 600 mg), 50 mg/kg Naringenin, 50 mg/kg Quercetin, cART + Naringenin, cART + Quercetin were administered orally for 8 weeks. At the end of administration, neurobehavioural test was conducted, animals were euthanized and hippocampus was processed for oxidative stress markers, histology, TNF-α, and Monoamine oxidase-B expression. Results At the end of 8 weeks of administration, 24 mg/kg cART decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased Malondialdehyde (MDA). Whereas, 50 mg/kg quercetin, and 50 mg/kg Naringenin decreased the oxidative stress (increased SOD, CAT, GSH, and reduced MDA) induced by cART (reduced SOD, CAT, GSH, and increased MDA). In addition, hematoxylin and eosin stained hippocampus showed that quercetin and naringenin prevented neurodegenerative changes (marked cytoplasmic shrinkage and several pyknotic nuclei in the dentate gyrus and cornus ammonis regions) in cART-treated rats. Furthermore, immunohistochemical studies revealed that quercetin and naringenin attenuates cART-induced upregulation of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) expression. Likewise, from the Morris water maze neurobehavioral studies, naringenin and quercetin also ameliorated cART-induced memory impairments (initial spatial memory, reversal spatial memory and probe tests). Conclusion This study shows that Naringenin and Quercetin have a good potential in reversing cART-induced hippocampal disorders in Wistar rats.
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Key Words
- CA/Q, 24 mg/kg combination antiretroviral therapy + 50 mg Quercetin
- CAT, catalase
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- HCL, hydrochloric acidE
- Hippocampus
- MAO-B, monoamine oxidase B
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Nar, naringenin
- Naringenin
- Neurodegeneration
- Oxidative stress
- Quer, quercetin
- Quercetin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBA, thiobarbituric acid
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- cA/N, 24 mg/kg combination antiretroviral therapy + 50 mg Naringenin
- cART
- cART, combination antiretroviral therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Edidiong N. Akang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Olufunke O. Dosumu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olasunmbo O. Afolayan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adeola M. Fagoroye
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Daniel D. Osiagwu
- Department of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Isilamiyat T. Usman
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ademola A. Oremosu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Alani S. Akanmu
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Dresler M, Sandberg A, Bublitz C, Ohla K, Trenado C, Mroczko-Wąsowicz A, Kühn S, Repantis D. Hacking the Brain: Dimensions of Cognitive Enhancement. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1137-1148. [PMID: 30550256 PMCID: PMC6429408 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In an increasingly complex information society, demands for cognitive functioning are growing steadily. In recent years, numerous strategies to augment brain function have been proposed. Evidence for their efficacy (or lack thereof) and side effects has prompted discussions about ethical, societal, and medical implications. In the public debate, cognitive enhancement is often seen as a monolithic phenomenon. On a closer look, however, cognitive enhancement turns out to be a multifaceted concept: There is not one cognitive enhancer that augments brain function per se, but a great variety of interventions that can be clustered into biochemical, physical, and behavioral enhancement strategies. These cognitive enhancers differ in their mode of action, the cognitive domain they target, the time scale they work on, their availability and side effects, and how they differentially affect different groups of subjects. Here we disentangle the dimensions of cognitive enhancement, review prominent examples of cognitive enhancers that differ across these dimensions, and thereby provide a framework for both theoretical discussions and empirical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dresler
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour , Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen 6525 EN , The Netherlands
| | - Anders Sandberg
- Future of Humanity Institute , Oxford University , Oxford OX1 1PT , United Kingdom
| | | | - Kathrin Ohla
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Cognitive Neuroscience (INM3) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , Jülich 52428 , Germany
| | - Carlos Trenado
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology , Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf 40225 , Germany
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors , TU Dortmund , Dortmund 44139 , Germany
| | | | - Simone Kühn
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development , Berlin 14195 , Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University Clinic Hamburg Eppendorf , Hamburg 20246 , Germany
| | - Dimitris Repantis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin 12203 , Germany
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Tutone M, Virzì A, Almerico AM. Reverse screening on indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica as natural chemoactive and chemopreventive agent. J Theor Biol 2018; 455:147-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gambino G, Allegra M, Sardo P, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Livrea MA, Ferraro G, Carletti F. Brain Distribution and Modulation of Neuronal Excitability by Indicaxanthin From Opuntia Ficus Indica Administered at Nutritionally-Relevant Amounts. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:133. [PMID: 29867444 PMCID: PMC5954040 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have recently investigated the role of nutraceuticals in complex pathophysiological processes such as oxidative damages, inflammatory conditions and excitotoxicity. In this regard, the effects of nutraceuticals on basic functions of neuronal cells, such as excitability, are still poorly investigated. For this reason, the possible modulation of neuronal excitability by phytochemicals (PhC) could represent an interesting field of research given that excitotoxicity phenomena are involved in neurodegenerative alterations leading, for example, to Alzheimer’s disease. The present study was focused on indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus indica, a bioactive betalain pigment, with a proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, previously found to cross blood-brain barrier (BBB) and to modulate the bioelectric activity of hippocampal neurons. On this basis, we aimed at detecting the specific brain areas where indicaxanthin localizes after oral administration at dietary-achievable amounts and highlighting eventual local effects on the excitability of single neuronal units. HPLC analysis of brain tissue 1 h after ingestion of 2 μmol/kg indicaxanthin indicated that the phytochemical accumulates in cortex, hippocampus, diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum, but not in the striato-pallidal complex. Then, electrophysiological recordings, applying the microiontophoretic technique, were carried out with different amounts of indicaxanthin (0.34, 0.17, 0.085 ng/neuron) to assess whether indicaxanthin influenced the neuronal firing rate. The data showed that the bioelectric activity of neurons belonging to different brain areas was modulated after local injection of indicaxanthin, mainly with dose-related responses. A predominating inhibitory effect was observed, suggesting a possible novel beneficial effect of indicaxanthin in reducing cell excitability. These findings can constitute a new rationale for exploring biological mechanisms through which PhC could modulate neuronal function with a relapse on complex cognitive brain process and related neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Gambino
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience (Bio.Ne.C.), Sezione di Fisiologia Umana G. Pagano, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Post-graduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience (Bio.Ne.C.), Sezione di Fisiologia Umana G. Pagano, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Post-graduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria A Livrea
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience (Bio.Ne.C.), Sezione di Fisiologia Umana G. Pagano, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Post-graduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Carletti
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience (Bio.Ne.C.), Sezione di Fisiologia Umana G. Pagano, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Seo EJ, Fischer N, Efferth T. Phytochemicals as inhibitors of NF-κB for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacol Res 2018; 129:262-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hofrichter J, Krohn M, Schumacher T, Lange C, Feistel B, Walbroel B, Pahnke J. Sideritis spp. Extracts Enhance Memory and Learning in Alzheimer's β-Amyloidosis Mouse Models and Aged C57Bl/6 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:967-80. [PMID: 27258424 PMCID: PMC4981905 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent epiphenomenon of the aging population. Although soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) species (monomers, oligomers) are recognized triggers of the disease, no therapeutic approach is able to stop it. Herbal medicines are used to treat different diseases in many regions of the world. On the Balkan Peninsula, at the eastern Mediterranean Sea, and adjacent regions, Sideritis species are used as traditional medicine to prevent age-related problems in elderly. To evaluate this traditional knowledge in controlled experiments, we tested extracts of two commonly used Sideritis species, Sideritis euboea and Sideritis scardica, with regard to their effects on cognition in APP-transgenic and aged, non-transgenic C57Bl/6 mice. Additionally, histomorphological and biochemical changes associated with Aβ deposition and treatment were assessed. We found that daily oral treatment with Sideritis spp. extracts highly enhanced cognition in aged, non-transgenic as well as in APP-transgenic mice, an effect that was even more pronounced when extracts of both species were applied in combination. The treatment strongly reduced Aβ42 load in APP-transgenic mice, accompanied by increased phagocytic activity of microglia, and increased expression of the α-secretase ADAM10. Moreover, the treatment was able to fully rescue neuronal loss of APP-transgenic mice to normal levels as seen in non-transgenic controls. Having the traditional knowledge in mind, our results imply that treatment with Sideritis spp. extracts might be a potent, well-tolerated option for treating symptoms of cognitive impairment in elderly and with regard to Alzheimer’s disease by affecting its most prominent hallmarks: Aβ pathology and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Krohn
- University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Oslo, Norway.,University of Rostock, Department of Neurology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Toni Schumacher
- University of Rostock, Department of Neurology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Cathleen Lange
- University of Rostock, Department of Neurology, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Jens Pahnke
- University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Oslo, Norway.,University of Rostock, Department of Neurology, Rostock, Germany.,University of Lübeck, Lübeck (LIED), Lübeck, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Halle, Germany
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29
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Odubanjo VO, Oboh G, Oyeleye SI, Adefegha SA. Anticholinesterase activity and phenolic profile of two medicinal plants (Quassia undulata
and Senecio abyssinicus
) used in managing cognitive dysfunction in Nigeria. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica O. Odubanjo
- Department of Biochemistry; Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B 001, Akungba Akoko; Ondo State Nigeria
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure; Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure; Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Sunday I. Oyeleye
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure; Ondo State Nigeria
- Biomedical Department; Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure; Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Stephen A. Adefegha
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure; Ondo State Nigeria
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30
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Hong SM, Soe KH, Lee TH, Kim IS, Lee YM, Lim BO. Cognitive Improving Effects by Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium crymbosum L.) Vinegar on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia Mice Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:99-107. [PMID: 29260547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the preventive effects of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) vinegar (BV) on cognitive functions in a scopolamine (Sco)-induced amnesia model in mice. In this study, Sco (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) was used to induce amnesia. ICR mice were orally administered donepezil (5 mg/kg), blueberry extract (120 mg/kg), and BV (120 mg/kg) for 7 days. After inducing cognitive impairment by Sco, a behavioral assessment using behavior tests (i.e., Y-maze and passive avoidance tests) was performed. The BV group showed significantly restored cognitive function in the behavioral tests. BV facilitated cholinergic activity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity. Furthermore, BV was found to be rehabilitated in the cornu ammonis 1 neurons of hippocampus. In our study, we demonstrated that the memory protection conferred by BV was linked to activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)/serine-threonine kinase (AKT) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Min Hong
- BK21PLUS Glocal Education Program of Nutraceuticals Development, Konkuk University , Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Hee Soe
- Department of Applied Life Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University , Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Hwan Lee
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Kunkuk University , Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 27478, Republic of Korea
- Ahn-Gook Health., LTD. , Seoul 07445, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sook Kim
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Kunkuk University , Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Department of Applied Life Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University , Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Beong Ou Lim
- Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, Kunkuk University , Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 27478, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University , 268 Chungwondaero, Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 27478, Republic of Korea
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31
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Yen JH, Wu PS, Chen SF, Wu MJ. Fisetin Protects PC12 Cells from Tunicamycin-Mediated Cell Death via Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and Modulation of Nrf2-Driven Gene Expression, SIRT1 and MAPK Signaling in PC12 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040852. [PMID: 28420170 PMCID: PMC5412436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fisetin (3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a dietary flavonol and exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. However, high concentration of fisetin is reported to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cause cytotoxicity in cancer cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the cytoprotective effects of low concentration of fisetin against tunicamycin (Tm)-mediated cytotoxicity in neuronal-like catecholaminergic PC12 cells. METHODS Cell viability was assayed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and apoptotic and autophagic markers were analyzed by Western blot. Gene expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) and Phase II enzymes was further investigated using RT-Q-PCR or Western blotting. Intracellular ROS level was measured using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H₂DCFDA) by a fluorometer. The effects of fisetin on mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1) signaling pathways were examined using Western blotting and specific inhibitors. RESULTS Fisetin (<20 µM) restored cell viability and repressed apoptosis, autophagy and ROS production in Tm-treated cells. Fisetin attenuated Tm-mediated expression of ER stress genes, such as glucose-regulated proteins 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP also known as GADD153) and Tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3), but induced the expression of nuclear E2 related factor (Nrf)2-targeted heme oxygenase (HO)-1, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) and cystine/glutamate transporter (xCT/SLC7A11), in both the presence and absence of Tm. Moreover, fisetin enhanced phosphorylation of ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK (c-JUN NH₂-terminal protein kinase), and p38 MAPK. Addition of JNK and p38 MAPK inhibitor significantly antagonized its cytoprotective activity and modulatory effects on UPR. Fisetin also restored Tm-inhibited SIRT1 expression and addition of sirtinol (SIRT1 activation inhibitor) significantly blocked fisetin-mediated cytoprotection. In conclusion, this result shows that fisetin activates Nrf2, MAPK and SIRT1, which may elicit adaptive cellular stress response pathways so as to protect cells from Tm-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Shan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Fen Chen
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
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Perez SD, Du K, Rendeiro C, Wang L, Wu Q, Rubakhin SS, Vazhappilly R, Baxter JH, Sweedler JV, Rhodes JS. A unique combination of micronutrients rejuvenates cognitive performance in aged mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 320:97-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Yuan Q, Wang CW, Shi J, Lin ZX. Effects of Ginkgo biloba on dementia: An overview of systematic reviews. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 195:1-9. [PMID: 27940086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the cumulative evidence on the efficacy and effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) in the treatment of dementia. DESIGN Overview of systematic reviews. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were searched in June 2016. Systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of GbE on different outcomes in people with dementia or cognitive impairment were included. Methodological quality of the included SRs was assessed using the AMSTAR tool. The quality of evidence of the primary studies was assessed using GRADE. RESULTS Twelve SRs with meta-analyses met the eligibility criteria. The quality of the evidence reported in these SRs varies ranging from low to moderate level. Overall, the available evidence suggests that GbE has potentially beneficial effects over placebo on cognitive performance, activities of daily living, and clinical global impression in the treatment of dementia at doses greater than 200mg/day (usually 240mg/day) administrated for 22 weeks or longer, and that GbE appears to be safe for human consumption. No sufficient evidence supports the favorable effects of GbE administrated for less than 22 weeks. The available evidence consistently indicates that a dose less than 200mg/day of GbE may not be adequate to yield clinical relevant effects in the treatment of dementia. CONCLUSIONS GbE has potentially beneficial effects for people with dementia when it is administered at doses greater than 200mg/day for at least 5 months. Given the lower quality of the evidence, further rigorously-designed, multicenter-based, large-scale RCTs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chong-Wen Wang
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Kawamura A, Washington I, Mihai DM, Bartolini F, Gundersen GG, Mark MT, Nakanishi K. Identification of ginkgolide targets in brain by photoaffinity labeling. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 89:475-481. [PMID: 27743504 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgolides are terpene trilactones in Ginkgo biloba, a popular medicinal herb for memory disorders. Although ginkgolides are known for various neurobiological effects, their macromolecular target in brain is unknown. In this work, we employed benzophenone derivatives of ginkgolides to identify their binding target in brain. Photolabeling of bovine hippocampus homogenates identified a series of α-tubulin isotypes. Selective photolabeling of α-tubulin over β-tubulin, which is equally abundant in brain, suggested that ginkgolides might modulate microtubule biology differently than typical microtubule-binding agents, such as taxol. In fact, ginkgolide A did not affect microtubule polymerization or cell proliferation; instead, it inhibited detyrosination of α-tubulin and reorientation of microtubule-organizing centers. Taken together, the current findings indicate that ginkgolides constitute a new class of microtubule-binding agents with distinct effects on α-tubulin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, New York, NY, USA.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ilyas Washington
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doina M Mihai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Bartolini
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Milica Tesic Mark
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Koji Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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35
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Oboh G, Ogunruku OO, Oyeleye SI, Olasehinde TA, Ademosun AO, Boligon AA. Phenolic Extracts fromClerodendrum volubileLeaves Inhibit Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Enzymes Relevant to the Management of Some Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Diet Suppl 2016; 14:358-371. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2016.1237401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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36
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Meireles M, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM, Marques C, Norberto S, Freitas J, Fernandes I, Mateus N, Gomes A, Faria A, Calhau C. Effect of chronic consumption of blackberry extract on high-fat induced obesity in rats and its correlation with metabolic and brain outcomes. Food Funct 2016; 7:127-39. [PMID: 26462860 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00925a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids have been presented as potential protectors against metabolic and cognitive dysfunction. However, mechanisms underlying these 'claims' have not been sufficiently explored. To analyse the effect of long-term supplementation with blackberry extract (BE) in the context of a high-fat or a standard diet, Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 6) fed with a standard or a high-fat diet, with or without BE supplementation at 25 mg per kg body weight per day. A high-fat diet significantly impaired glucose tolerance and increased body weight, caloric ingestion, very-low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides and cholesterol. Furthermore, it was observed that a high-fat diet increased dopamine content in the prefrontal cortex and decreased brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels both in the prefrontal cortex and in plasma. BE supplementation only affected some of these aspects. BE slightly improved glucose metabolism and significantly decreased levels of lactate, independent of diet. BE decreased levels of BDNF and also interacted with the dopaminergic system, increasing dopamine turnover in the striatum, and reverting dopamine content induced by a high-fat diet in the prefrontal cortex. This study shows that, despite some particular benefits of anthocyanin supplementation, some long-term effects may not be desirable and further studies are needed to optimize ingestion conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Meireles
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luís M Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Marques
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Norberto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Iva Fernandes
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório Associado de Química Verde, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-009 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório Associado de Química Verde, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-009 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Gomes
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal. and REQUIMTE, Laboratório Associado de Química Verde, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-009 Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal. and Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Sistemas de Informação em Saúde (CINTESIS), Universidade do Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Structural features of guinea pig aldehyde oxidase inhibitory activities of flavonoids explored using QSAR and molecular modeling studies. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Møllersen L, Moldestad O, Rowe AD, Bjølgerud A, Holm I, Tveterås L, Klungland A, Retterstøl L. Effects of Anthocyanins on CAG Repeat Instability and Behaviour in Huntington's Disease R6/1 Mice. PLOS CURRENTS 2016; 8. [PMID: 27540492 PMCID: PMC4973517 DOI: 10.1371/currents.hd.58d04209ab6d5de0844db7ef5628ff67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG repeat expansions in the HTT gene. Somatic repeat expansion in the R6/1 mouse model of HD depends on mismatch repair and is worsened by base excision repair initiated by the 7,8-dihydroxy-8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (Ogg1) or Nei-like 1 (Neil1). Ogg1 and Neil1 repairs common oxidative lesions. Methods: We investigated whether anthocyanin antioxidants added daily to the drinking water could affect CAG repeat instability in several organs and behaviour in R6/1 HD mice. In addition, anthocyanin-treated and untreated R6/1 HD mice at 22 weeks of age were tested in the open field test and on the rotarod. Results: Anthocyanin-treated R6/1 HD mice showed reduced instability index in the ears and in the cortex compared to untreated R6/1 mice, and no difference in liver and kidney. There were no significant differences in any of the parameters tested in the behavioural tests among anthocyanin-treated and untreated R6/1 HD mice. Conclusions: Our results indicate that continuous anthocyanin-treatment may have modest effects on CAG repeat instability in the ears and the cortex of R6/1 mice. More studies are required to investigate if anthocyanin-treatment could affect behaviour earlier in the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Møllersen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olve Moldestad
- Centre for Rare Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander D Rowe
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja Bjølgerud
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingunn Holm
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Tveterås
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Klungland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Retterstøl
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
AbstractThree areas in the brain continuously generate new neurons throughout life: the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles, the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and the median eminence in the hypothalamus. These areas harbour neural stem cells, which contribute to neural repair by generating daughter cells that then become functional neurons or glia. Impaired neurogenesis leads to detrimental consequences, such as depression, decline of cognitive abilities and obesity. Adult neurogenesis is a versatile process that can be modulated either positively or negatively by many effectors, external or endogenous. Diet can modify neurogenesis both ways, either directly by ways of food-borne molecules, or possibly by the modifications induced on gut microbiota composition. It is therefore critical to define dietary strategies optimal for the maintenance of the stem cell pools.
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Smeriglio A, Barreca D, Bellocco E, Trombetta D. Chemistry, Pharmacology and Health Benefits of Anthocyanins. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1265-86. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- University of Messina; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- University of Messina; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- University of Messina; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- University of Messina; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
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Poulose SM, Bielinski DF, Carey A, Schauss AG, Shukitt-Hale B. Modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy and expression of Nrf2 in hippocampus and frontal cortex of rats fed with açaí-enriched diets. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:305-315. [PMID: 26750735 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2015.1125654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Açaí (Euterpe spp.), an exotic palm fruit, has recently emerged as a promising source of natural antioxidants with wide pharmacological and nutritional value. In this study, two different species of açaí pulp extracts, naturally grown in two distinct regions of the Amazon, namely, Euterpe oleracea Mart. (habitat: Brazilian floodplains of the Amazon) and Euterpe precatoria Mart. (habitat: Bolivian Amazon), were studied for their effects on brain health and cognition. METHODS Neurochemical analyses were performed in critical brain regions associated with memory and cognition of 19-month-old açaí-fed rats, in whom the cognitive benefits of açaí had been established. RESULTS Results indicated significant reductions (P< 0.05) in prooxidant NADPH-oxidoreductase-2 (NOX2) and proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in açaí-fed rats. Measurement of Nrf2 expression, a transcription factor for antioxidant enzymes, and a possible link between oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and autophagy mechanisms, indicated significant overexpression (P<0.005) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of the açaí-fed rats. Furthermore, significant activation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes GST and SOD were also observed in the açaí-fed animals when compared to control. Analysis of autophagy markers such as p62, phospho-mTOR, beclin1 and MAP1B-LC3 revealed differential expression in frontal cortex and hippocampus, mostly indicating an upregulation in the açaí-fed rats. DISCUSSION In general, results were more profound for EP than EO in hippocampus as well as frontal cortex. Therefore, an açaí-enriched diet could possibly modulate Nrf2, which is known to modulate the intracellular redox status, thereby regulating the ubiquitin-proteosomal pathway, ultimately affecting cognitive function in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibu M Poulose
- a USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , Boston , MA 02111 , USA
| | - Donna F Bielinski
- a USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , Boston , MA 02111 , USA
| | - Amanda Carey
- a USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , Boston , MA 02111 , USA.,b Department of Psychology , Simmons College , 300 The Fenway, Boston , MA , USA
| | - Alexander G Schauss
- c Natural and Medicinal Products Research , AIBMR Life Sciences , Puyallup , WA , USA
| | - Barbara Shukitt-Hale
- a USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , Boston , MA 02111 , USA
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42
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Tomić M, Ignjatović Đ, Tovilović-Kovačević G, Krstić-Milošević D, Ranković S, Popović T, Glibetić M. Reduction of anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in rats after one month of drinking Aronia melanocarpa berry juice. Food Funct 2016; 7:3111-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00321d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A month-long unlimited drinking of the diluted berry juice ofAronia melanocarpapromoted stimulant, anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects in young male rats, which might ensue from the phenolic-induced central MAO inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Tomić
- Department of Biochemistry
- Institute for Biological Research “S.Stanković”
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Đurđica Ignjatović
- Department of Biochemistry
- Institute for Biological Research “S.Stanković”
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Gordana Tovilović-Kovačević
- Department of Biochemistry
- Institute for Biological Research “S.Stanković”
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Dijana Krstić-Milošević
- Department of Biochemistry
- Institute for Biological Research “S.Stanković”
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Slavica Ranković
- Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism
- Institute for Medical Research
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Tamara Popović
- Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism
- Institute for Medical Research
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Marija Glibetić
- Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism
- Institute for Medical Research
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
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Ramezani M, Darbandi N, Khodagholi F, Hashemi A. Myricetin protects hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons and improves learning and memory impairments in rats with Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1976-1980. [PMID: 28197195 PMCID: PMC5270437 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.197141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no treatment for effectively slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease, so early prevention is very important. Numerous studies have shown that flavonoids can improve memory impairment. The present study investigated the effects of myricetin, a member of the flavonoids, on intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced neuronal loss and memory impairment in rat models of Alzheimer's disease. Myricetin at 5 or 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected into rats over 21 days. Control rats were treated with 10 mL/kg saline. Behavioral test (the shuttle box test) was performed on day 22 to examine learning and memory in rats. Immediately after that, hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe the morphological change in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons. Myricetin greatly increased the number of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons and improved learning and memory impairments in rats with Alzheimer's disease. These findings suggest that myricetin is beneficial for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Ramezani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Darbandi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Hashemi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
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44
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Bell L, Lamport DJ, Butler LT, Williams CM. A Review of the Cognitive Effects Observed in Humans Following Acute Supplementation with Flavonoids, and Their Associated Mechanisms of Action. Nutrients 2015; 7:10290-306. [PMID: 26690214 PMCID: PMC4690090 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found in varying concentrations in many plant-based foods. Recent studies suggest that flavonoids can be beneficial to both cognitive and physiological health. Long term flavonoid supplementation over a period of weeks or months has been extensively investigated and reviewed, particularly with respect to cognitive ageing and neurodegenerative disease. Significantly less focus has been directed towards the short term effects of single doses of flavonoids on cognition. Here, we review 21 such studies with particular emphasis on the subclass and dose of flavonoids administered, the cognitive domains affected by flavonoid supplementation, and the effect size of the response. The emerging evidence suggests that flavonoids may be beneficial to attention, working memory, and psychomotor processing speed in a general population. Episodic memory effects are less well defined and may be restricted to child or older adult populations. The evidence also points towards a dose-dependent effect of flavonoids, but the physiological mechanisms of action remain unclear. Overall, there is encouraging evidence that flavonoid supplementation can benefit cognitive outcomes within an acute time frame of 0–6 h. But larger studies, combining cognitive and physiological measures, are needed to strengthen the evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Bell
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AL, UK.
| | - Daniel J Lamport
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AL, UK.
| | - Laurie T Butler
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AL, UK.
| | - Claire M Williams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AL, UK.
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45
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Ahrazem O, Rubio-Moraga A, Nebauer SG, Molina RV, Gómez-Gómez L. Saffron: Its Phytochemistry, Developmental Processes, and Biotechnological Prospects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8751-64. [PMID: 26414550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The present state of knowledge concerning developmental processes and the secondary metabolism of saffron, Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae), along with the genes involved in these processes so far known, is reviewed. Flowers and corms constitute the most valuable parts of saffron. Corm and flower development are two key aspects to be studied in saffron to increase the yield and quality of the spice, to raise its reproductive rate, and to implement new production systems. Important knowledge about the physiology of flowering and vegetative growth has been acquired in recent years, but there is still only limited information on molecular mechanisms controlling these processes. Although some genes involved in flower formation and meristem transition in other species have been isolated in saffron, the role of these genes in this species awaits further progress. Also, genes related with the synthesis pathway of abscisic acid and strigolactones, growth regulators related with bud endodormancy and apical dominance (paradormancy), have been isolated. However, the in-depth understanding of these processes as well as of corm development is far from being achieved. By contrast, saffron phytochemicals have been widely studied. The different flower tissues and the corm have been proved to be an important source of phytochemicals with pharmacological properties. The biotechnological prospects for saffron are here reviewed on the basis of the discovery of the enzymes involved in key aspects of saffron secondary metabolism, and we also analyze the possibility of transferring current knowledge about flowering and vegetative propagation in model species to the Crocus genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Fundación Parque Cientı́fico y Tecnológico de Castilla-La Mancha , Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Angela Rubio-Moraga
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Sergio G Nebauer
- Departamento de Biologı́a Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia , 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Victoria Molina
- Departamento de Biologı́a Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia , 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
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Janssen CI, Zerbi V, Mutsaers MP, Jochems M, Vos CA, Vos JO, Berg BM, van Tol EA, Gross G, Jouni ZE, Heerschap A, Kiliaan AJ. Effect of perinatally supplemented flavonoids on brain structure, circulation, cognition, and metabolism in C57BL/6J mice. Neurochem Int 2015; 89:157-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Allegra M, Carletti F, Gambino G, Tutone M, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Ferraro G, Sardo P, Almerico AM, Livrea MA. Indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus-indica Crosses the Blood-Brain Barrier and Modulates Neuronal Bioelectric Activity in Rat Hippocampus at Dietary-Consistent Amounts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7353-7360. [PMID: 26227670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Indicaxanthin is a bioactive and bioavailable betalain pigment from the Opuntia ficus-indica fruits. In this in vivo study, kinetic measurements showed that indicaxanthin is revealed in the rat brain within 1 h from oral administration of 2 μmol/kg, an amount compatible with a dietary consumption of cactus pear fruits in humans. A peak (20 ± 2.4 ng of indicaxanthin per whole brain) was measured after 2.5 h; thereafter the molecule disappeared with first order kinetics within 4 h. The potential of indicaxanthin to affect neural activities was in vivo investigated by a microiontophoretic approach. Indicaxanthin, administered in a range between 0.085 ng and 0.34 ng per neuron, dose-dependently modulated the rate of discharge of spontaneously active neurons of the hippocampus, with reduction of the discharge and related changes of latency and duration of the effect. Indicaxanthin (0.34 ng/neuron) showed inhibitory effects on glutamate-induced excitation, indicating activity at the level of glutamatergic synapses. A molecular target of indicaxanthin is suggested by in silico molecular modeling of indicaxanthin with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), the most represented of the glutamate receptor family in hippocampus. Therefore, at nutritionally compatible amounts indicaxanthin (i) crosses the rat BBB and accumulates in brain; (ii) can affect the bioelectric activity of hippocampal neurons locally treated with amounts comparable with those measured in the brain; and (iii) modulates glutamate-induced neuronal excitation. The potential of dietary indicaxanthin as a natural neuromodulatory agent deserves further mechanistic and neurophysiologic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Allegra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo , Via M. Cipolla 74, 90121 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Carletti
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana "G. Pagano", University of Palermo , Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuditta Gambino
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana "G. Pagano", University of Palermo , Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Tutone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo , Via M. Cipolla 74, 90121 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo , Via M. Cipolla 74, 90121 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo , Via M. Cipolla 74, 90121 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana "G. Pagano", University of Palermo , Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana "G. Pagano", University of Palermo , Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Almerico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo , Via M. Cipolla 74, 90121 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Livrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo , Via M. Cipolla 74, 90121 Palermo, Italy
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The mechanisms of action of flavonoids in the brain: Direct versus indirect effects. Neurochem Int 2015; 89:126-39. [PMID: 26260546 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The projected increase in the incidence of dementia in the population highlights the urgent need for a more comprehensive understanding of how different aspects of lifestyle, in particular exercise and diet, may affect neural function and consequent cognitive performance throughout the life course. In this regard, flavonoids, found in a variety of fruits, vegetables and derived beverages, have been identified as a group of promising bioactive compounds capable of influencing different aspects of brain function, including cerebrovascular blood flow and synaptic plasticity, both resulting in improvements in learning and memory in mammalian species. However, the precise mechanisms by which flavonoids exert these actions are yet to be fully established, although accumulating data indicate an ability to interact with neuronal receptors and kinase signaling pathways which are key to neuronal activation and communication and synaptic strengthening. Alternatively or concurrently, there is also compelling evidence derived from human clinical studies suggesting that flavonoids can positively affect peripheral and cerebrovascular blood flow, which may be an indirect effective mechanism by which dietary flavonoids can impact on brain health and cognition. The current review examines the beneficial effects of flavonoids on both human and animal brain function and attempts to address and link direct and indirect actions of flavonoids and their derivatives within the central nervous system (CNS).
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Wu PS, Yen JH, Kou MC, Wu MJ. Luteolin and Apigenin Attenuate 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal-Mediated Cell Death through Modulation of UPR, Nrf2-ARE and MAPK Pathways in PC12 Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130599. [PMID: 26087007 PMCID: PMC4472230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin and apigenin are dietary flavones and exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and neuroprotective effects. The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) has been implicated as a causative agent in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. This study investigates the cytoprotective effects of luteolin and apigenin against 4-HNE-mediated cytotoxicity in neuronal-like catecholaminergic PC12 cells. Both flavones restored cell viability and repressed caspase-3 and PARP-1 activation in 4-HNE-treated cells. Luteolin also mitigated 4-HNE-mediated LC3 conversion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Luteolin and apigenin up-regulated 4-HNE-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to an increase in endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP78 and decrease in the expression of UPR-targeted pro-apoptotic genes. They also induced the expression of Nrf2-targeted HO-1 and xCT in the absence of 4-HNE, but counteracted their expression in the presence of 4-HNE. Moreover, we found that JNK and p38 MAPK inhibitors significantly antagonized the increase in cell viability induced by luteolin and apigenin. Consistently, enhanced phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK was observed in luteolin- and apigenin-treated cells. In conclusion, this result shows that luteolin and apigenin activate MAPK and Nrf2 signaling, which elicit adaptive cellular stress response pathways, restore 4-HNE-induced ER homeostasis and inhibit cytotoxicity. Luteolin exerts a stronger cytoprotective effect than apigenin possibly due to its higher MAPK, Nrf2 and UPR activation, and ROS scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Kou
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Kirakosyan A, Seymour EM, Wolforth J, McNish R, Kaufman PB, Bolling SF. Tissue bioavailability of anthocyanins from whole tart cherry in healthy rats. Food Chem 2015; 171:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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