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Hernández-Rangel AE, Hernandez-Fuentes GA, Montes-Galindo DA, Sanchez-Ramirez CA, Cabrera-Licona A, Martinez-Fierro ML, Rodriguez-Sanchez IP, Garza-Veloz I, Diaz-Martinez J, Casarez-Price JC, Plata-Florenzano JE, Ochoa-Díaz-Lopez H, Lugo-Trampe A, Delgado-Enciso I. Vitamin D3 (Calcitriol) Monotherapy Decreases Tumor Growth, Increases Survival, and Correlates with Low Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in a Murine HPV-16-Related Cancer Model. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1357. [PMID: 38927564 PMCID: PMC11201479 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 or calcitriol (VitD3) has been shown to have anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity in in vitro models and clinical studies. However, its effect on HPV-16-related cancer has been sparsely explored. In this study, we aimed to determine whether monotherapy or combination therapy with cisplatin (CP) reduces tumor growth and affects survival and systemic inflammation. Treatments were administered to C57BL/6 mice with HPV-16-related tumors (TC-1 cells) as follows: (1) placebo (100 µL vehicle, olive oil, orally administered daily); (2) VitD3 (3.75 µg/kg calcitriol orally administered daily); (3) CP (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally, every 7 days); and (4) VitD3+CP. Tumor growth was monitored for 25 days, survival for 60 days, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was evaluated on days 1 (baseline), 7, and 14. VitD3+CP showed greater success in reducing tumor volume compared to CP monotherapy (p = 0.041), while no differences were observed between CP and VitD3 monotherapy (p = 0.671). Furthermore, VitD3+CP prolonged survival compared to CP (p = 0.036) and VitD3 (p = 0.007). Additionally, at day 14 the VitD3 and VitD3+CP groups showed significantly lower NLR values than the CP group (p < 0.05, for both comparisons). Vitamin D3 could be a promising adjuvant in the treatment of cervical cancer or solid tumors and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel A. Montes-Galindo
- Colima Cancerology State Institute, IMSS-Bienestar Colima, Colima 28085, Mexico; (D.A.M.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (J.C.C.-P.); (J.E.P.-F.)
| | | | - Ariana Cabrera-Licona
- Colima Cancerology State Institute, IMSS-Bienestar Colima, Colima 28085, Mexico; (D.A.M.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (J.C.C.-P.); (J.E.P.-F.)
| | - Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (M.L.M.-F.); (I.G.-V.)
| | - Iram P. Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Molecular and Structural Physiology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Mexico;
| | - Idalia Garza-Veloz
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (M.L.M.-F.); (I.G.-V.)
| | - Janet Diaz-Martinez
- Research Center in Minority Institutions, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University (FIU-RCMI), Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Juan C. Casarez-Price
- Colima Cancerology State Institute, IMSS-Bienestar Colima, Colima 28085, Mexico; (D.A.M.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (J.C.C.-P.); (J.E.P.-F.)
| | - Jorge E. Plata-Florenzano
- Colima Cancerology State Institute, IMSS-Bienestar Colima, Colima 28085, Mexico; (D.A.M.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (J.C.C.-P.); (J.E.P.-F.)
| | - Hector Ochoa-Díaz-Lopez
- Department of Health, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal de Las Casas 29290, Mexico;
| | - Angel Lugo-Trampe
- Faculty of Human Medicine, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula 30580, Mexico;
| | - Iván Delgado-Enciso
- School of Medicine, Colima University, Colima 28040, Mexico; (A.E.H.-R.); (G.A.H.-F.); (C.A.S.-R.)
- Colima Cancerology State Institute, IMSS-Bienestar Colima, Colima 28085, Mexico; (D.A.M.-G.); (A.C.-L.); (J.C.C.-P.); (J.E.P.-F.)
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Du W, Ye C, Lin Y, Zhai H, Xia J. Study on the clinical value of Vitamin D in recurrent spontaneous abortion: Revisiting the Importance of Vitamin D. Am J Reprod Immunol 2024; 91:e13810. [PMID: 38282601 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explores the possible pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) caused by vitamin D (VD), provides evidence-based bases for prevention and treatment of RSA, improves female reproductive health. METHODS This study randomly selected 305 patients without spontaneous abortion (SA0), 216 patients with a spontaneous abortion (SA1) and 200 patients with RSA from 1421 women of childbearing age who visited the RSA specialty clinic of Hangzhou First People's Hospital from January 2021 to June 2023 to conduct a prospective clinical study. Then, we collected the data of clinical diagnosis and treatment, conducted intervention and follow-up, and finally executed statistical analysis. RESULTS (1) RSA patients were significantly older than the other two groups. (2) The rates of VD deficiency in SA1 and RSA patients were significantly higher than those in SA0. (3) When BMI < 20 or > 24 kg/m2 , there were abnormal increase in VD and increased number of spontaneous abortions. (4) The bilateral S/D of the VD-sufficient, VD-insufficient and VD-deficient groups gradually increased with statistical significance (p ≤ .018). (5) Among the 65 cases undergoing embryo chromosome examinations, chromosomal abnormalities accounted for 55.38% and 69.05% in RSA patients. (6) Among 186 patients with abnormal ACA, there was a certain negative correlation between ACA and VD, which was stronger among RSA patients. Moreover, ACA significantly decreased (p < .001) after effectively supplementing VD, and the miscarriage rate of re-pregnancy also decreased. CONCLUSION The rate of VD deficiency is higher in RSA patients. VD deficiency may be related to the age of women of childbearing age and too low or high BMI, and may cause abnormal plasma antiphospholipid antibodies, increased uterine artery resistance and abnormal chromosomal division during fertilization, leading to spontaneous abortion and even RSA. The improvement of VD deficiency may reduce the risk of RSA occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Du
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School Of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School Of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunjun Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School Of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongbo Zhai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School Of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmei Xia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School Of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Haider F, Ghafoor H, Hassan OF, Farooqui K, Bel Khair AOM, Shoaib F. Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update. Cureus 2023; 15:e49734. [PMID: 38161941 PMCID: PMC10757591 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a vital nutrient that plays a significant part in several physiological processes within the human body, including calcium metabolism, bone health, immune function, and cell growth and differentiation. It is obtained mainly through exposure to sunlight but can be acquired from certain foods and supplements as well. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) could be the risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as heart disease and stroke. In blood vitamin D low levels have been linked with an enhanced risk of developing CVDs. However, it is unclear whether vitamin D levels are the leading cause or consequence of these conditions. While some studies highlight that taking vitamin D supplements could decrease the risk of CVD; however, more research is required to better understand the association between vitamin D and cardiovascular health. In this review, we aimed to summarize the currently available evidence supporting the association between vitamin D and CVDs and anesthesia considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrookh Haider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology Al Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Khor, QAT
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine/Qatar University, Doha, QAT
| | - Hashsaam Ghafoor
- Department of Anesthesia, Al Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Khor, QAT
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qatar University, Doha, QAT
| | - Omar F Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology Al Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Khor, QAT
| | - Khalid Farooqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al Khor Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Al Khor, QAT
| | | | - Faryal Shoaib
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shifa International Hospitals, Islamabad, PAK
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Mandlik R, Ladkat D, Khadilkar A. Contribution of Vitamin D Metabolites to Vitamin D Concentrations of Families Residing in Pune City. Nutrients 2023; 15:2003. [PMID: 37111224 PMCID: PMC10145318 DOI: 10.3390/nu15082003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to explore the patterns of contribution from vitamin D metabolites (D2 and D3) to total vitamin D concentrations in Indian families. This cross-sectional study was carried out in slum-dwelling families residing in Pune city. Data on demography, socio-economic status, sunlight exposure, anthropometry, and biochemical parameters (serum 25OHD2, 25OHD3) via the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method were collected. The results are presented for 437 participants (5 to 80 years). One-third were vitamin-D-deficient. Intake of foods containing vitamin D2 or D3 was rarely reported. Irrespective of gender, age, and vitamin D status, the contribution of D3 to total 25OHD concentrations far exceeded that of D2 (p < 0.05). The contribution of D2 ranged from 8% to 33% while that of D3 to 25OHD concentrations ranged from 67% to 92%. 25OHD3 is a major contributor to overall vitamin D concentrations, and the contribution of 25OHD2 was found to be negligible. This implies that sunlight and not diet is currently the major source of vitamin D. Considering that lifestyle and cultural practices may lead to insufficient sunlight exposure for large sections of the society, especially women, dietary contribution to vitamin D concentrations through fortification may play an important role in improving the vitamin D status of Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Mandlik
- Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, 32 Sassoon Road, Pune 411001, India; (D.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Dipali Ladkat
- Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, 32 Sassoon Road, Pune 411001, India; (D.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Anuradha Khadilkar
- Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, 32 Sassoon Road, Pune 411001, India; (D.L.); (A.K.)
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkind Road, Pune 411007, India
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Neill HR, Gill CIR, McDonald EJ, McRoberts WC, McAleenon R, Slevin MM, Cobice D, McMurray R, Loy R, White A, Pourshahidi LK. Bioavailability of vitamin D biofortified pork meat: results of an acute human crossover study in healthy adults. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:279-290. [PMID: 36843327 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2182256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D intakes are concerningly low. Food-based strategies are urgently warranted to increase vitamin D intakes and subsequently improve 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. This acute randomised three-way crossover study investigated the efficacy of vitamin D biofortified pork derived from pigs exposed to UVB light to increase serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations, compared to a dose-matched vitamin D3 supplement and control pork in adults (n = 14). Blood samples were obtained at baseline and then 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 24 h postprandially. There was a significant effect of time (p < 0.01) and a significant treatment*time interaction (p < 0.05). UV pork and supplement significantly increased within-group serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations over timepoints (p < 0.05) (max. change 0.9 nmol/L (2.2%) UV pork, 1.5 nmol/L (3.5%) supplement, 0.7 nmol/L (1.9%) control). Vitamin D biofortified pork modestly increased 25(OH)D3 concentrations and produced a similar response pattern as a dose-matched vitamin D supplement, but biofortification protocols should be further optimised to ensure differentiation from standard pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Neill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - C I R Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - E J McDonald
- Devenish Nutrition Ltd, Lagan House, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - W C McRoberts
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - R McAleenon
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - M M Slevin
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - D Cobice
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - R McMurray
- Devenish Nutrition Ltd, Lagan House, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - R Loy
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - A White
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - L K Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
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Vitamin D as a Shield against Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054546. [PMID: 36901976 PMCID: PMC10002864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging can be seen as a physiological progression of biomolecular damage and the accumulation of defective cellular components, which trigger and amplify the process, toward whole-body function weakening. Senescence initiates at the cellular level and consists in an inability to maintain homeostasis, characterized by the overexpression/aberrant expression of inflammatory/immune/stress responses. Aging is associated with significant modifications in immune system cells, toward a decline in immunosurveillance, which, in turn, leads to chronic elevation of inflammation/oxidative stress, increasing the risk of (co)morbidities. Albeit aging is a natural and unavoidable process, it can be regulated by some factors, like lifestyle and diet. Nutrition, indeed, tackles the mechanisms underlying molecular/cellular aging. Many micronutrients, i.e., vitamins and elements, can impact cell function. This review focuses on the role exerted by vitamin D in geroprotection, based on its ability to shape cellular/intracellular processes and drive the immune response toward immune protection against infections and age-related diseases. To this aim, the main biomolecular paths underlying immunosenescence and inflammaging are identified as biotargets of vitamin D. Topics such as heart and skeletal muscle cell function/dysfunction, depending on vitamin D status, are addressed, with comments on hypovitaminosis D correction by food and supplementation. Albeit research has progressed, still limitations exist in translating knowledge into clinical practice, making it necessary to focus attention on the role of vitamin D in aging, especially considering the growing number of older individuals.
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Vitamin D Fortification of Eggs Alone and in Combination with Milk in Women Aged 44-65 Years: Fortification Model and Economic Evaluation. Zdr Varst 2022; 62:30-38. [PMID: 36694792 PMCID: PMC9837813 DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2023-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction For almost nine decades, the fortification of foods with vitamin D has been proven effective in preventing rickets. This study aims to build and economically evaluate a fortification model based on egg biofortification and milk (including yoghurt) fortification. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out between 1. March and 31. May 2021. Three hundred and nineteen healthy women from the Central Slovenian region aged between 44 and 65 were recruited for the study, with 176 participants included in the final analysis. For the fortification model calculations, the vitamin D contents of unenriched milk (including yoghurt) and eggs were replaced by enriched foods containing vitamin D. The economic evaluation was done using available drug and food supplement prices. Fortification costs were calculated using vitamin D prices provided by suppliers. Results Mean vitamin D intake from food was 2.19±1.34 µg/d. With fortification Model 1 (enriched eggs), it would be: 6.49±4.45 µg/d, and with Model 2 (enriched eggs and milk): 10.53±6.49 µg/d. Without fortification, none of the participants would reach a daily vitamin D intake >10 µg. With fortification Model 1 (egg fortification), 15.3% would reach >10 µg and with Model 2 (egg and milk fortification) 46.2% would reach >10 µg. The economic comparison of the annual cost of 10 µg vitamin D/d/person was EUR 6.17 for prescription drugs, EUR 6.37 for food supplements, EUR 0.09 for direct milk fortification and EUR 0.12 for egg biofortification with vitamin D. Conclusions Egg and milk (including yoghurt) fortification could cost-effectively increase vitamin D intake in the Slovenian population of women between 44 and 65 by almost five-fold, and could significantly lower the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Additional research and changes to legislation are needed before this can be introduced.
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Al Anouti F, Grant WB, Thomas J, AlBlooshi S, Karras S. Associations between Dietary Intake of Vitamin D, Sun Exposure, and Generalized Anxiety among College Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245327. [PMID: 36558485 PMCID: PMC9780868 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency impacts about half of the population worldwide. Almost one billion individuals across all ages and ethnicities suffer from vitamin D deficiency. Hypovitaminosis D is mainly related to lifestyle choices and habits, such as outdoor activities and food intake. Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between vitamin D status and anxiety symptoms. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between anxiety and factors including age, vitamin D deficiency, citizens, dietary and supplementary vitamin D intake, along with sun exposure, among a sample of female college students in the United Arab Emirates. A descriptive questionnaire, including a short version of the generalized anxiety disorder scale, food frequency questionnaire, and sun avoidance inventory, was used to assess the relationship between the dietary intake of vitamin D-rich foods and supplements, along with sun avoidance/exposure and generalized anxiety, among a total of 386 female participants aged 18 and above. The findings showed clear evidence that sun avoidance behaviors are strongly associated with an elevated risk of generalized anxiety disorder among adult females in the United Arab Emirates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatme Al Anouti
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (F.A.A.); (S.K.)
| | - William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164, USA
| | - Justin Thomas
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5UX, UK
| | - Sharifa AlBlooshi
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai P.O. Box 19282, United Arab Emirates
| | - Spyridon Karras
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School of Aristotle University, 55535 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (F.A.A.); (S.K.)
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Prediction Model between Serum Vitamin D and Neurological Deficit in Cerebral Infarction Patients Based on Machine Learning. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2914484. [PMID: 35799673 PMCID: PMC9256304 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2914484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Vitamin D is associated with neurological deficits in patients with cerebral infarction. This study uses machine learning to evaluate the prediction model's efficacy of the correlation between vitamin D and neurological deficit in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 200 patients with cerebral infarction admitted to the Department of Neurology of our hospital from July 2018 to June 2019 were selected. The patients were randomly divided into a training set (n = 140) and a test set (n = 60) in a 7 : 3 ratio. The prediction model is constructed from the training set's data, and the model's prediction effect was evaluated by test set data. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was used to assess the prediction efficiency of models. Results In the training set, the area under the curve (AUC) of the logistic regression model and XGBoost algorithm model was 0.727 (95% CI: 0.601~0.854) and 0.818 (95% CI: 0.734~0.934), respectively. While in the test set, the AUC of the logistic regression model and XGBoost algorithm model was 0.761 (95% CI: 0.640~0.882) and 0.786 (95% CI: 0.670~0.902), respectively. Conclusion The prediction model of the correlation between vitamin D and neurological deficit in patients with cerebral infarction based on machine learning has a good prediction efficiency.
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Boukoufi C, Boudier A, Maincent P, Vigneron J, Clarot I. Food-inspired innovations to improve the stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Int J Pharm 2022; 623:121881. [PMID: 35680111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Food-processing and pharmaceutical industries share a lot of stability issues against the same physical, chemical, and microbiological phenomena. They also share some solutions to improve the stability as the use of preservatives and packaging. Ecological concerns lead to the development of tremendous innovations in food. Some of these innovations could also be beneficial in the pharmaceutical domain. The objective of this review is to evaluate the potential application of these findings in the pharmaceutical field and the main limits in terms of toxicity, environmental, economic and regulatory issues. The principal factors influencing the shelf-life were highlighted through the description of the stability studies usually performed in the pharmaceutical industry (according to European guidelines). To counter those factors, different solutions are currently available as preservatives and specific packaging. They were described and debated with an overview of recent food innovations in each field. The limits of the current solutions in the pharmaceutical field and the innovation in the food field have inspired a critical pharmaceutical outlook. The active and intelligent packaging for active pharmaceutical ingredients of the future is imagined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Boukoufi
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France; Pharmacy Department, University Hospital, 54511 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Jean Vigneron
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospital, 54511 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Igor Clarot
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France.
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Kessi-Pérez EI, González A, Palacios JL, Martínez C. Yeast as a biological platform for vitamin D production: A promising alternative to help reduce vitamin D deficiency in humans. Yeast 2022; 39:482-492. [PMID: 35581681 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an important human hormone, known primarily to be involved in the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate, but it is also involved in various non-skeletal processes (molecular, cellular, immune, and neuronal). One of the main health problems nowadays is the vitamin D deficiency of the human population due to lack of sun exposure, with estimates of one billion people worldwide with vitamin D deficiency, and the consequent need for clinical intervention (i.e., prescription of pharmacological vitamin D supplements). An alternative to reduce vitamin D deficiency is to produce good dietary sources of it, a scenario in which the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae seems to be a promising alternative. This review focuses on the potential use of yeast as a biological platform to produce vitamin D, summarizing both the biology aspects of vitamin D (synthesis, ecology and evolution, metabolism, and bioequivalence) and the work done to produce it in yeast (both for vitamin D2 and for vitamin D3 ), highlighting existing challenges and potential solutions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo I Kessi-Pérez
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Adens González
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - José Luis Palacios
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Martínez
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CECTA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
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Xu Z, Gong R, Luo G, Wang M, Li D, Chen Y, Shen X, Wei X, Feng N, Wang S. Association between vitamin D3 levels and insulin resistance: a large sample cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:119. [PMID: 34997087 PMCID: PMC8741779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that vitamin D3 may be a potential factor in insulin resistance, but the relationship between vitamin D3 and insulin resistance still remains controversial. At present, more research is needed to explore the relationship between vitamin D3 and insulin resistance. The samples from 2009 to 2018 in NHANES database were analyzed to Investigate the relationship and the potential mechanism. We performed a cross-sectional study of five periods in the NHANES database. Finally, 9298 participants were selected through strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, Multivariate logistic regression analysis and curve fitting were conducted to explore the relationship between vitamin D3 level and insulin resistance. Moreover, subgroup analysis was used to further prove the association. The results revealed that there was a strong association between vitamin D3 and insulin resistance (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72-0.93). However, subgroup analyses indicated that this correlation varied between individuals and races. There was a negative correlation between vitamin D3 level and insulin resistance, which provides a new proof for exploring the influencing factors of insulin resistance. More well-designed studies are still needed to further elaborate on these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Xu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongpeng Gong
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Luo
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxiang Wang
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Li
- Xi'an Chang'an District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of the First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Aerospace Center Hospital, 15 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxing Wei
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, People's Republic of China.,College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Niran Feng
- Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangquan Wang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. .,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an XD Group Hospital, Xi'an, 710077, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Neill HR, Gill CIR, McDonald EJ, McRoberts WC, Pourshahidi LK. Vitamin D Biofortification of Pork May Offer a Food-Based Strategy to Increase Vitamin D Intakes in the UK Population. Front Nutr 2021; 8:777364. [PMID: 34926552 PMCID: PMC8679618 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.777364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D is prevalent worldwide, with many populations failing to achieve the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) for vitamin D (10-20 μg/day). Owing to low vitamin D intakes, limited exposure to ultraviolet-B (UVB) induced dermal synthesis, lack of mandatory fortification and poor uptake in supplement advice, additional food-based strategies are warranted to enable the UK population to achieve optimal vitamin D intakes, thus reducing musculoskeletal risks or suboptimal immune functioning. The aims of the current study were to (1) determine any changes to vitamin D intake and status over a 9-year period, and (2) apply dietary modeling to predict the impact of vitamin D biofortification of pork and pork products on population intakes. Data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (Year 1-9; 2008/09-2016/17) were analyzed to explore nationally representative mean vitamin D intakes and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations (n = 13,350). Four theoretical dietary scenarios of vitamin D pork biofortification were computed (vitamin D content +50/100/150/200% vs. standard). Vitamin D intake in the UK population has not changed significantly from 2008 to 2017 and in 2016/17, across all age groups, 13.2% were considered deficient [25(OH)D <25 nmol/L]. Theoretically, increasing vitamin D concentrations in biofortified pork by 50, 100, 150, and 200%, would increase vitamin population D intake by 4.9, 10.1, 15.0, and 19.8% respectively. When specifically considering the impact on gender and age, based on the last scenario, a greater relative change was observed in males (22.6%) vs. females (17.8%). The greatest relative change was observed amongst 11-18 year olds (25.2%). Vitamin D intakes have remained stable in the UK for almost a decade, confirming that strategies are urgently required to help the population achieve the RNI for vitamin D. Biofortification of pork meat provides a proof of concept, demonstrating that animal-based strategies may offer an important contribution to help to improve the vitamin D intakes of the UK population, particularly adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Neill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Chris I R Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
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14
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Chang R, Deng W, Song X, Hu B, Li X, Chen A, Zeng B. Value of combination of 25-(OH)-D3, IL-6, and cyclic peptide containing citrulline antibodies in different stages of rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:13599-13607. [PMID: 35035700 PMCID: PMC8748092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the value of a combination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-(OH)-D3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cyclic peptide containing citrulline (CCP) antibodies in the acute stage and remission stage of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS A retrospective analysis was made on 80 RA patients who received treatment in Wenjiang District People's Hospital of Chengdu from February 2017 to February 2020. According to their condition, they were identified as acute-stage patients (n=48) or remission-stage patients (n=32). In addition, 40 healthy individuals who received physical examination in our hospital during the same period were enrolled in a control group. Serum 25-(OH)-D3, IL-6, and CCP antibodies in all enrolled participants were quantified, and their levels were compared between RA patients at the acute stage and those at the remission stage before therapy, and also between patients with different efficacy after 3 months of therapy. The correlations of serum 25-(OH)-D3, IL-6, and CCP antibodies with disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS-28) were analyzed. A corresponding joint receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic value of the combination of 25-(OH)-D3, IL-6, and CCP antibodies in the staging of RA patients, and logistic regression was used to establish an efficacy risk model. RESULTS The highest serum 25-(OH)-D3 level was found in the control group, followed by the remission-stage patients and then acute-stage patients from high to low (all P<0.05), and the lowest levels of serum IL-6 and CCP antibodies were also found in the control group, followed by the remission-stage patients and then the acute-stage patients from low to high (all P<0.05). The Pearson's test revealed a negative correlation of 25-(OH)-D3 with DAS-28 and a positive correlation of IL-6 and CCP antibodies with DAS-28. According to ROC curve-based analysis, the area under the joint curve of 25-(OH)-D3, IL-6, and CCP antibodies was >0.9. After therapy, patients showed an increase in 25-(OH)-D3 and decreases in IL-6 and CCP antibodies (all P<0.05). The logistic model confirmed that the area under the ROC curve of RA affecting the efficacy on patients was >0.8. CONCLUSION A combination of 25-(OH)-D3, IL-6, and CCP antibodies can be adopted as a diagnostic indicator in acute and remission stages of RA. A risk factor model of clinical efficacy in RA patients can help us effectively identify high-risk patients before therapy and take intervention measures early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People’s Hospital of Wenjiang ChengduChengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanying Deng
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Affiliated Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital of Chengdu University of TCMChengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People’s Hospital of Wenjiang ChengduChengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People’s Hospital of Wenjiang ChengduChengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People’s Hospital of Wenjiang ChengduChengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Angang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People’s Hospital of Wenjiang ChengduChengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Benqiang Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The People’s Hospital of Wenjiang ChengduChengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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15
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Abstract
Both vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are now well-documented worldwide in relation to human health, and this has raised interest in vitamin D research. The aim of this article is therefore to review the literature on sources of vitamin D. It can be endogenously synthesised under ultraviolet B radiation in the skin, or ingested through dietary supplements and dietary sources, which include food of animal and plant origin, as well as fortified foods. Vitamin D is mainly found in two forms, D3 (cholecalciferol) and D2 (ergocalciferol). In addition to the D3 and D2 forms of vitamin D, 25-hydroxy vitamin D also contributes significantly to dietary vitamin D intake. It is found in many animal-derived products. Fortified food can contain D3 or D2 forms or vitamin D metabolite 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Not many foods are a rich source (> 4 μg/100 g) of vitamin D (D represents D3 and/or D2), e.g., many but not all fish (5-25 μg/100 g), mushrooms (21.1-58.7 μg/100 g), Reindeer lichen (87 μg/100 g) and fish liver oils (250 μg/100 g). Other dietary sources are cheese, beef liver and eggs (1.3-2.9 μg/100 g), dark chocolate (4 μg/100 g), as well as fortified foods (milk, yoghurt, fat spreads, orange juice, breakfast grains, plant-based beverages). Since an adequate intake of vitamin D (15 μg/day set by the European Food Safety Authority) is hard to achieve through diet alone, dietary supplements of vitamin D are usually recommended. This review summarizes current knowledge about different sources of vitamin D for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgen Benedik
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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The Effect of Whole Egg Intake on Muscle Mass: Are the Yolk and Its Nutrients Important? Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2021; 31:514-521. [PMID: 34504041 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Whole egg may have potential benefits for enhancing muscle mass, independent of its protein content. The yolk comprises ∼40% of the total protein in an egg, as well as containing several nonprotein nutrients that could possess anabolic properties (e.g., microRNAs, vitamins, minerals, lipids, phosphatidic acid and other phospholipids). Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the current evidence as to the possible effects of egg yolk compounds on skeletal muscle accretion beyond those of egg whites alone. The intake of whole egg seems to promote greater myofibrillar protein synthesis than egg white intake in young men. However, limited evidence shows no difference in muscle hypertrophy when comparing the consumption of whole egg versus an isonitrogenous quantity of egg white in young men performing resistance training. Although egg yolk intake seems to promote additional acute increases on myofibrillar protein synthesis, it does not seem to further enhance muscle mass when compared to egg whites when consumed as part of a high-protein dietary patterns, at least in young men. This conclusion is based on very limited evidence and more studies are needed to evaluate the effects of egg yolk (or whole eggs) intake on muscle mass not only in young men, but also in other populations such as women, older adults, and individuals with muscle wasting diseases.
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17
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Neill HR, Gill CIR, McDonald EJ, McRoberts WC, Pourshahidi LK. The future is bright: Biofortification of common foods can improve vitamin D status. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:505-521. [PMID: 34291674 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1950609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a global concern, linked to suboptimal musculoskeletal health and immune function, with status inadequacies owing to variations in UV dependent cutaneous synthesis and limited natural dietary sources. Endogenous biofortification, alongside traditional fortification and supplement usage is urgently needed to address this deficit. Evidence reviewed in the current article clearly demonstrates that feed modification and UV radiation, either independently or used in combination, effectively increases vitamin D content of primary produce or ingredients, albeit in the limited range of food vehicles tested to date (beef/pork/chicken/eggs/fish/bread/mushrooms). Fewer human trials have confirmed that consumption of these biofortified foods can increase circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations (n = 10), which is of particular importance to avoid vitamin D status declining to nadir during wintertime. Meat is an unexplored yet plausible food vehicle for vitamin D biofortification, owing, at least in part, to its ubiquitous consumption pattern. Consumption of PUFA-enriched meat in human trials demonstrates efficacy (n = 4), lighting the way for exploration of vitamin D-biofortified meats to enhance consumer vitamin D status. Response to vitamin D-biofortified foods varies by food matrix, with vitamin D3-enriched animal-based foods observing the greatest effect in maintaining or elevating 25(OH)D concentrations. Generally, the efficacy of biofortification appears to vary dependent upon vitamer selected for animal feed supplementation (vitamin D2 or D3, or 25(OH)D), baseline participant status and the bioaccessibility from the food matrix. Further research in the form of robust human clinical trials are required to explore the contribution of biofortified foods to vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Neill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Chris I R Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | | | | | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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18
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Wang W, Liu J, Chen K, Wang J, Dong Q, Xie J, Yuan Y. Vitamin D promotes autophagy in AML cells by inhibiting miR-17-5p-induced Beclin-1 overexpression. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3951-3962. [PMID: 34185245 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-17-5p has been investigated in many diseases as a regulator of disease progression and is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, potential mechanisms underlying the function of miR-17-5p in AML need more elucidation. MiR-17-5p expression was augmented, while 25(OH)D3 and Beclin-1 levels were decreased in AML patients with the highest risk for disease progression. MiR-17-5p, 25(OH)D3 and Beclin-1 were determined to be clinically important in AML based on ROC curve analysis. Higher miR-17-5p expression as well as lower 25(OH)D3 and Beclin-1 expression were relevant with poor prognosis in AML. In addition, miR-17-5p was negatively correlated with and bound to BECN1. Vitamin D was found to diminish cell proliferation and enhance autophagy. Finally, through rescue assays, miR-17-5p facilitated the ability of cell proliferation, inhibited autophagy and apoptosis by modulating Beclin-1 in HL-60 cells following the treatment of 4 μM vitamin D. Vitamin D promoted autophagy in AML cells by modulating miR-17-5p and Beclin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Zhongshan People's Hospital, No. 2, Sunwen East Road, Zhongshan City, 528403, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Ethics Committee, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan City, 528403, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Zhongshan People's Hospital, No. 2, Sunwen East Road, Zhongshan City, 528403, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Zhongshan People's Hospital, No. 2, Sunwen East Road, Zhongshan City, 528403, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Zhongshan People's Hospital, No. 2, Sunwen East Road, Zhongshan City, 528403, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinye Xie
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Zhongshan People's Hospital, No. 2, Sunwen East Road, Zhongshan City, 528403, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Zhongshan People's Hospital, No. 2, Sunwen East Road, Zhongshan City, 528403, Guangdong, China.
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Vitamin D: Promises on the Horizon and Challenges Ahead for Fighting Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112716. [PMID: 34072725 PMCID: PMC8198176 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is an almost universally lethal cancer, largely due to its late diagnosis, early metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. This highlights the need to develop novel and effective intervention strategies to improve the outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer. Vitamin D is one of the hottest topics in cancer research and clinics because of its pleiotropic functions on the hallmarks of cancer. Here we critically review past and current efforts that define the effects of vitamin D on the risk, incidence, patient survival, and mortality of pancreatic cancer. We also provide overviews on the opportunities and challenges associated with vitamin D as an economic adjunct to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy and chemo- or radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Abstract Pancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis, while its incidence is increasing. This is attributed, in part, to a profound desmoplastic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment associated with this cancer and resistance to current available therapies. Novel and effective intervention strategies are urgently needed to improve the outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer. Vitamin D has pleiotropic functions beyond calcium–phosphate homeostasis and has been extensively studied both in the laboratory and clinic as a potential preventive agent or adjunct to standard therapies. Accumulating evidence from ecological, observational, and randomized controlled trials suggests that vitamin D has beneficial effects on risk, survival, and mortality in pancreatic cancer, although controversies still exist. Recent advances in demonstrating the important functions of vitamin D/vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling in the regulation of stromal reprogramming, the microbiome, and immune response and the emergence of checkpoint immunotherapy provide opportunities for using vitamin D or its analogues as an adjunct for pancreatic cancer intervention. Many challenges lie ahead before the benefits of vitamin D can be fully realized in pancreatic cancer. These challenges include the need for randomized controlled trials of vitamin D to assess its impact on the risk and survival of pancreatic cancer, optimizing the timing and dosage of vitamin D or its analogues as an adjunct for pancreatic cancer intervention and elucidating the specific role of vitamin D/VDR signaling in the different stages of pancreatic cancer. Nevertheless, vitamin D holds great promise for reducing risk and improving outcomes of this disease.
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20
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Kwak JH, Choi YH. Sex and body mass index dependent associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and pulse pressure in middle-aged and older US adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9989. [PMID: 33976245 PMCID: PMC8113426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High pulse pressure (PP) is a valid indicator of arterial stiffness. Many studies have reported that vitamin D concentration is inversely associated with vascular stiffening. This association may differ depending on sex and body mass index (BMI). This study investigated the associations between vitamin D and PP and evaluated whether these associations differ according to sex and BMI, using data for individuals aged ≥ 50 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were used as biomarkers of vitamin D levels. High PP was defined as ≥ 60 mmHg. Total 25(OH)D concentrations were dose-dependently associated with lower odds ratios (ORs) for high PP (p-trend = 0.01), after controlling for sociodemographic, behavioral, and dietary factors. When stratified by sex, there was a dose-dependent association between total 25(OH)D concentrations and lower risk of high PP (p-trend < 0.001) in females, but not in males. When stratified by BMI, there was a dose-dependent association between total 25(OH)D concentrations and lower risk of high PP (p-trend < 0.001) in non-overweight subjects, but not in overweight subjects. Improving the vitamin D status could delay elevation of PP and vascular stiffening in female and non-overweight subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Kwak
- grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999 Republic of Korea ,grid.255588.70000 0004 1798 4296Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, 553 Sanseong-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, 13135 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hyeong Choi
- grid.256155.00000 0004 0647 2973Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999 Republic of Korea ,Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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21
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Huang K, Deng J, Yang Y, Qiao N, Zhang Z, Li Q, Han Q, Zhang H, Yang F, Ji Y, Cui J, Ali F, Li Y, Tang Z. Effects of 25(OH)D 3 supplementation during late gestation on the serum biochemistry and reproductive performance of aged sows and newborn piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:908-915. [PMID: 33713505 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diet type (normal or low Ca and P diets) and 25(OH)D3 supplementation (with or with not 2000 IU/kg 25(OH)D3 ) during late gestation on the serum biochemistry and reproductive performance of aged sows and newborn piglets. A total of 40 sows, which are at their 7th parity, were divided into four groups: control group (standard diet), low Ca group, 25(OH)D3 group and low Ca plus 25(OH)D3 group respectively (10 in each group). The blood of sows on day 100 and 114 of gestation and newborn piglets was collected for serum biochemical analyses. Results showed that the reproductive performance of sows was not influenced by diet type or 25(OH)D3 supplementation (p > 0.05). And the addition of 25(OH)D3 to diet low Ca group caused that the content of serum TG in sows on day 100 of gestation was not different from that of the control group (p > 0.05). The addition of 25(OH)D3 significantly decreases the content of serum TG in sows on day 114 of gestation (p < 0.05). The addition of 25(OH)D3 significantly increased the content of serum UREA and CREA in newborn piglets (p < 0.05). Overall, feeding 2000 IU/kg 25(OH)D3 to aged sows at late gestation had no effects on reproductive performance, but partly contributed to keeping serum TG balance in sows and may indicate increased pressure on kidneys in newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunxuan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jichang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuowei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quanwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyue Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanju Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Farah Ali
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Bruins MJ, Létinois U. Adequate Vitamin D Intake Cannot Be Achieved within Carbon Emission Limits Unless Food Is Fortified: A Simulation Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:592. [PMID: 33670165 PMCID: PMC7916828 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study applied linear programming using a Dutch "model diet" to simulate the dietary shifts needed in order to optimize the intake of vitamin D and to minimize the carbon footprint, considering the popularity of the diet. Scenarios were modelled without and with additional fortified bread, milk, and oil as options in the diets. The baseline diet provided about one fifth of the adequate intake of vitamin D from natural food sources and voluntary vitamin D-fortified foods. Nevertheless, when optimizing this diet for vitamin D, these food sources together were insufficient to meet the adequate intake required, unless the carbon emission and calorie intake were increased almost 3-fold and 2-fold, respectively. When vitamin D-fortified bread, milk, and oil were added as options to the diet, along with increases in fish consumption, and decreases in sugar, snack, and cake consumption, adequate intakes for vitamin D and other nutrients could be met within the 2000 kcal limits, along with a relatively unchanged carbon footprint. Achieving vitamin D goals while reducing the carbon footprint by 10% was only possible when compromising on the popularity of the diet. Adding vitamin D to foods did not contribute to the total carbon emissions. The modelling study shows that it is impossible to obtain adequate vitamin D through realistic dietary shifts alone, unless more vitamin D-fortified foods are a necessary part of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike J. Bruins
- DSM Nutrition Products, Wurmisweg 576, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland;
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Upadhaya SD, Jung YJ, Kim YM, Chung TK, Kim IH. Effects of dietary supplementation with 25-OH-D3 during gestation and lactation on reproduction, sow characteristics and piglet performance to weaning. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sharma A, Mani V, Pal RP, Sarkar S, Datt C. Boron supplementation in peripartum Murrah buffaloes: The effect on calcium homeostasis, bone metabolism, endocrine and antioxidant status. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126623. [PMID: 32739828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium homeostasis and immuno-endocrine system undergoes drastic changes in peripartum dairy animals and failure to adapt these physiological changes causes major impact on animal health as well as productivity. Boron (B), a newer trace element, influences calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) metabolism as well as immune system by manipulating several hormones or enzyme systems. Present study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary B supplementation on Ca homeostasis, bone metabolism, endocrine and antioxidant status in peripartum Murrah buffaloes. METHODS Thirty advanced pregnant Murrah buffaloes (8th month pregnant) were allocated into three groups based on their most probable producing ability (MPPA) and parity (n = 10 in each group) viz. B0, B200 and B400 and supplemented with 0, 200 and 400 ppm of B in the form of boric acid. Blood samples were collected at periodic intervals (-45, -30, -21, -15, -7, 0, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 day relative to expected date of calving) and analysed for minerals concentration, hormonal profile, bone health biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Boron supplementation at 200 and 400 ppm increased (p < 0.05) plasma Ca, Mg and osteocalcin (OCN) concentration during postpartum stage. Higher (p < 0.05) levels of plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 were observed in both B supplemented groups as compared to B unsupplemented group irrespective of physiological stages. Plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) and cortisol levels were lower (p < 0.05) in both B supplemented groups than B unsupplemented group, especially during postpartum stage. Whereas, plasma ferric reducing total antioxidant power (FRAP) activity was found to be higher (p < 0.05) in B supplemented groups as compared to B unsupplemented group. Furthermore, antioxidant enzymes (erythrocytic superoxide dismutase; SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase; GPx), plasma level of total immunoglobulins (TIg), bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) remained unaffected by dietary B supplementation. Overall, it can be concluded that supplementation of B at 200 ppm in the diet of peripartum Murrah buffaloes helped to induce metabolic adaptations for improving Ca homeostasis, bone metabolism and antioxidant status without much additional benefits at higher level used in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - Veena Mani
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Ravi Prakash Pal
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Srobana Sarkar
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Chander Datt
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
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Reynolds CJ, Koszewski NJ, Horst RL, Beitz DC, Goff JP. Oral 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Acts as an Agonist in the Duodenum of Mice and as Modeled in Cultured Human HT-29 and Caco2 Cells. J Nutr 2020; 150:427-433. [PMID: 31665381 PMCID: PMC7443726 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D] is the predominant circulating metabolite of vitamin D and serves as the precursor for 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D], the hormonally active form. The presence of 1α-hydroxylase (1α-OHase) in the intestine suggests that 1,25(OH)2D can be produced from 25(OH)D, but the effects of oral 25(OH)D on the intestine have not been determined. OBJECTIVES We investigated the acute intestinal response to orally consumed 25(OH)D in mice by assessing mRNA induction of cytochrome p450 family 24 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp24), a vitamin D-dependent gene. The mechanism of action then was determined through in vitro analyses with Caco2 and HT-29 cells. METHODS Adult male C57BL6 mice were given a single oral dose of 40, 80, 200, or 400 ng 25(OH)D (n = 4 per dose) or vehicle (n = 3), and then killed 4 h later to evaluate the duodenal expression of Cyp24 mRNA by qPCR and RNA in situ hybridization. The 25(OH)D-mediated response was also evaluated with Caco2 and HT-29 cells by inhibition assay and dose-response analysis. A cytochrome p450 family 27 subfamily B member 1 (CYP27B1) knockdown of HT-29 was created to compare the dose-response parameters with wild-type HT-29 cells. RESULTS Oral 25(OH)D induced expression of Cyp24 mRNA in the duodenum of mice with 80 ng 25(OH)D by 3.3 ± 0.8 ΔΔCt compared with controls (P < 0.05). In vitro, both Caco2 and HT-29 cells responded to 25(OH)D treatment with 200-fold and 175-fold greater effective concentration at 50% maximal response than 1,25(OH)2D, yet inhibition of 1α-OHase and knockdown of CYP27B1 had no effect on the responses. CONCLUSIONS In mice, orally consumed 25(OH)D elicits a vitamin D-mediated response in the duodenum. In vitro assessments suggest that the response from 25(OH)D does not require activation by 1α-OHase and that 25(OH)D within the intestinal lumen acts as a vitamin D receptor agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen J Reynolds
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, XSUSA
| | - Nicholas J Koszewski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- GlycoMyr, Inc., Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ronald L Horst
- GlycoMyr, Inc., Ames, IA, USA
- Heartland Assays, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Donald C Beitz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, XSUSA
| | - Jesse P Goff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- GlycoMyr, Inc., Ames, IA, USA
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26
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López-Baena MT, Pérez-Roncero GR, Pérez-López FR, Mezones-Holguín E, Chedraui P. Vitamin D, menopause, and aging: quo vadis? Climacteric 2019; 23:123-129. [PMID: 31736391 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2019.1682543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Menopause and aging are associated with changes in circulating gonadal steroid hormones, insulin sensitivity, body composition, and also lifestyle and social coordinates. Vitamin D status influences different metabolic adjustments, aside from calcium-phosphorus and bone metabolism. The main blood marker used to measure endogenous vitamin D status is 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Aging is associated with increases in serum parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase, and a decrease of serum calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D metabolites. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D status is also influenced by the circannual rhythm of sun irradiation. Results of clinical association studies have not correlated with intervention trials, experimental studies, and/or meta-analyses regarding the role of vitamin D on different outcomes in women during their second half of life and the vitamin D supplementation dose needed to improve clinical endpoints. Discordant results have been related to the method used to measure vitamin D, the studied population (i.e., sociodemographics and ethnicity), study designs, and biases of analyses. Vitamin D supplementation with cholecalciferol or calcifediol may improve some metabolic variables and clinical outcomes in young postmenopausal and older women. Studies seem to suggest that calcifediol may have some advantages over other forms of vitamin D supplementation. Further studies are needed to define interventions with supplements and effective food fortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T López-Baena
- Red de Investigación de Ginecología, Obstetricia y Reproducción, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G R Pérez-Roncero
- Red de Investigación de Ginecología, Obstetricia y Reproducción, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F R Pérez-López
- Red de Investigación de Ginecología, Obstetricia y Reproducción, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - E Mezones-Holguín
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú.,Epi-gnosis Solutions, Piura, Perú
| | - P Chedraui
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud Integral, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica 'Nuestra Señora de la Asunción', Asunción, Paraguay
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27
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Proserpio C, Lavelli V, Gallotti F, Laureati M, Pagliarini E. Effect of Vitamin D 2 Fortification Using Pleurotus ostreatus in a Whole-Grain Cereal Product on Child Acceptability. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102441. [PMID: 31614966 PMCID: PMC6835449 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D2 deficiency is one of the most common micronutrient insufficiencies among children. Few foods, mainly those derived from animal sources, naturally contain this vitamin. The basidiomycete mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus could be used as an innovative and sustainable ingredient for food fortification with vitamin D2. This study was aimed at exploring children’s acceptance of a whole-cereal-based product (breadsticks) combined with increasing concentrations of P. ostreatus powder rich in vitamin D2. The food neophobia trait (fear of trying unfamiliar and new food) on sample acceptability was also investigated. One hundred and three children (47 girls and 56 boys, aged 9–11 years) were recruited, and breadstick-liking was studied in relation to gender and neophobic traits. Results showed that the samples enriched in vitamin D2 were well accepted by children even if liking decreased with increasing concentration of mushroom powder. Generally, neophilic subjects gave higher liking scores compared with the neophobic ones, especially for the modified samples. New, well-accepted fortified products could be developed using an adequate concentration of mushroom powder to deal with the increasing vitamin D2 deficiency among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Proserpio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Vera Lavelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesca Gallotti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Monica Laureati
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Ella Pagliarini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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28
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Religi A, Backes C, Chatelan A, Bulliard JL, Vuilleumier L, Moccozet L, Bochud M, Vernez D. Estimation of exposure durations for vitamin D production and sunburn risk in Switzerland. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2019; 29:742-752. [PMID: 30992519 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although overexposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is responsible for cutaneous melanoma and epithelial skin cancer and can cause negative health effects such as sunburn, a "little and often" exposure regime is often suggested to produce naturally recommended vitamin D levels, being essential for skeletal health. This study aimed to quantify solar UV doses needed to trigger 1000 International Units (IU) vitamin D doses and, at the same time, producing sunburn in Switzerland. Solar UV erythema irradiance (in mW/m2) measured at four meteorological stations in Switzerland for the period 2005-2017 were used to evaluate effective solar UV radiation producing 1000 IU vitamin D doses in skin phototype II and III individuals. Daily solar UV exposure durations (in minutes) needed to produce vitamin D with limited sunburn risk were estimated while considering mean vitamin D food intake of the Swiss population and seasonal skin coverage. In summer and spring, with 22% of uncovered skin, 1000 IU vitamin D doses are synthesized in 10-15 min of sun exposure for adults. Exposure durations between erythema risk and 1000 IU vitamin D production vary between 9 and 46 min. In winter and autumn, the recommended vitamin D production without sunburn risks often unachievable, since up to 6.5 h of sun exposure might be necessary considering 8-10% of uncovered skin surface. The vitamin D food intake only represented 10% of the recommended vitamin D production and remained unchanged throughout the year. These findings might clarify why vitamin D deficiency is common in Switzerland. Moreover, exposure durations between recommended vitamin D and increased sunburn risk might only differ by few minutes. Without additional oral vitamin D supplementation, daily doses of vitamin D (1000 IU) are not reachable in autumn and winter months in Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Religi
- Centre Universitaire d'Informatique (CUI), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - C Backes
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne and Geneva, 1010 Epalignes- Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Chatelan
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J-L Bulliard
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Vuilleumier
- Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss), Payerne, Switzerland
| | - L Moccozet
- Centre Universitaire d'Informatique (CUI), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Bochud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Vernez
- Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne and Geneva, 1010 Epalignes- Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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29
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Extra-Skeletal Effects of Vitamin D. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071460. [PMID: 31252594 PMCID: PMC6683065 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor is expressed in multiple cells of the body (other than osteoblasts), including beta cells and cells involved in immune modulation (such as mononuclear cells, and activated T and B lymphocytes), and most organs in the body including the brain, heart, skin, gonads, prostate, breast, and gut. Consequently, the extra-skeletal impact of vitamin D deficiency has been an active area of research. While epidemiological and case-control studies have often suggested a link between vitamin D deficiency and conditions such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes, connective tissue disorders, inflammatory bowel disorders, chronic hepatitis, food allergies, asthma and respiratory infections, and cancer, interventional studies for the most part have failed to confirm a causative link. This review examines available evidence to date for the extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D deficiency, with a focus on randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses.
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30
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Guo J, Lovegrove JA, Givens DI. Food fortification and biofortification as potential strategies for prevention of vitamin D deficiency. NUTR BULL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Guo
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research University of Reading Reading UK
| | - J. A. Lovegrove
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research University of Reading Reading UK
| | - D. I. Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
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31
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Pilz S, März W, Cashman KD, Kiely ME, Whiting SJ, Holick MF, Grant WB, Pludowski P, Hiligsmann M, Trummer C, Schwetz V, Lerchbaum E, Pandis M, Tomaschitz A, Grübler MR, Gaksch M, Verheyen N, Hollis BW, Rejnmark L, Karras SN, Hahn A, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Reichrath J, Jorde R, Elmadfa I, Vieth R, Scragg R, Calvo MS, van Schoor NM, Bouillon R, Lips P, Itkonen ST, Martineau AR, Lamberg-Allardt C, Zittermann A. Rationale and Plan for Vitamin D Food Fortification: A Review and Guidance Paper. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:373. [PMID: 30065699 PMCID: PMC6056629 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency can lead to musculoskeletal diseases such as rickets and osteomalacia, but vitamin D supplementation may also prevent extraskeletal diseases such as respiratory tract infections, asthma exacerbations, pregnancy complications and premature deaths. Vitamin D has a unique metabolism as it is mainly obtained through synthesis in the skin under the influence of sunlight (i.e., ultraviolet-B radiation) whereas intake by nutrition traditionally plays a relatively minor role. Dietary guidelines for vitamin D are based on a consensus that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations are used to assess vitamin D status, with the recommended target concentrations ranging from ≥25 to ≥50 nmol/L (≥10-≥20 ng/mL), corresponding to a daily vitamin D intake of 10 to 20 μg (400-800 international units). Most populations fail to meet these recommended dietary vitamin D requirements. In Europe, 25(OH)D concentrations <30 nmol/L (12 ng/mL) and <50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL) are present in 13.0 and 40.4% of the general population, respectively. This substantial gap between officially recommended dietary reference intakes for vitamin D and the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the general population requires action from health authorities. Promotion of a healthier lifestyle with more outdoor activities and optimal nutrition are definitely warranted but will not erase vitamin D deficiency and must, in the case of sunlight exposure, be well balanced with regard to potential adverse effects such as skin cancer. Intake of vitamin D supplements is limited by relatively poor adherence (in particular in individuals with low-socioeconomic status) and potential for overdosing. Systematic vitamin D food fortification is, however, an effective approach to improve vitamin D status in the general population, and this has already been introduced by countries such as the US, Canada, India, and Finland. Recent advances in our knowledge on the safety of vitamin D treatment, the dose-response relationship of vitamin D intake and 25(OH)D levels, as well as data on the effectiveness of vitamin D fortification in countries such as Finland provide a solid basis to introduce and modify vitamin D food fortification in order to improve public health with this likewise cost-effective approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- *Correspondence: Stefan Pilz ;
| | - Winfried März
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kevin D. Cashman
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mairead E. Kiely
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Susan J. Whiting
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael F. Holick
- Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pawel Pludowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mickael Hiligsmann
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Christian Trummer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Schwetz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Lerchbaum
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marlene Pandis
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Martin R. Grübler
- Department of Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Gaksch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nicolas Verheyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bruce W. Hollis
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lars Rejnmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Spyridon N. Karras
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and Waid City Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Reichrath
- Center for Clinical and Experimental Photodermatology, The Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Jorde
- Tromsø Endocrine Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ibrahim Elmadfa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhold Vieth
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Scragg
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mona S. Calvo
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Natasja M. van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roger Bouillon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Lips
- Endocrine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Suvi T. Itkonen
- Calcium Research Unit, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adrian R. Martineau
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christel Lamberg-Allardt
- Calcium Research Unit, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Armin Zittermann
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center North Rhine-Westfalia, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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