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Hitczenko K, Segal Y, Keshet J, Goldrick M, Mittal VA. Speech characteristics yield important clues about motor function: Speech variability in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:60. [PMID: 37717025 PMCID: PMC10505148 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Motor abnormalities are predictive of psychosis onset in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis and are tied to its progression. We hypothesize that these motor abnormalities also disrupt their speech production (a highly complex motor behavior) and predict CHR individuals will produce more variable speech than healthy controls, and that this variability will relate to symptom severity, motor measures, and psychosis-risk calculator risk scores. STUDY DESIGN We measure variability in speech production (variability in consonants, vowels, speech rate, and pausing/timing) in N = 58 CHR participants and N = 67 healthy controls. Three different tasks are used to elicit speech: diadochokinetic speech (rapidly-repeated syllables e.g., papapa…, pataka…), read speech, and spontaneously-generated speech. STUDY RESULTS Individuals in the CHR group produced more variable consonants and exhibited greater speech rate variability than healthy controls in two of the three speech tasks (diadochokinetic and read speech). While there were no significant correlations between speech measures and remotely-obtained motor measures, symptom severity, or conversion risk scores, these comparisons may be under-powered (in part due to challenges of remote data collection during the COVID-19 pandemic). CONCLUSION This study provides a thorough and theory-driven first look at how speech production is affected in this at-risk population and speaks to the promise and challenges facing this approach moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasia Hitczenko
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d'Études Cognitives, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France.
| | - Yael Segal
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Joseph Keshet
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Matthew Goldrick
- Department of Linguistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Cognitive Science Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Cognitive Science Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Evanston/Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Pedruzo B, Aymerich C, Pacho M, Herrero J, Laborda M, Bordenave M, Giuliano AJ, McCutcheon RA, Gutiérrez-Rojas L, McGuire P, Stone WS, Fusar-Poli P, González-Torres MÁ, Catalan A. Longitudinal change in neurocognitive functioning in children and adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:10.1007/s00787-023-02221-9. [PMID: 37199754 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR-P) population has become an attractive area of interest in preventing transitions to psychosis. The consequences of developing a psychotic disorder may be worse in cases of early onset. Thus, childhood and adolescence represent a critical developmental window, where opportunities to gain social and adaptive abilities depend on the individuals' neurocognitive performance. There have been previous syntheses of the evidence regarding neurocognitive functioning in CHR-P individuals and its longitudinal changes. However, there has been less focus on children and adolescents at CHR-P. A multistep literature search was performed from database inception until July 15th, 2022. PRIMSA/MOOSE compliant systematic review and PROSPERO protocol were used to identify studies reporting on longitudinal changes in neurocognitive functioning in children and adolescents (mean age of sample ≤ 18 years) at CHR-P and matched healthy control (HC) group. A systematic review of identified studies was then undertaken. Three articles were included, resulting in a total sample size of 151 CHR-P patients [mean (SD) age, 16.48 (2.41) years; 32.45% female] and 64 HC individuals [mean (SD) age, 16.79 (2.38) years; 42.18% female]. CHR-P individuals had worse outcomes in verbal learning, sustained attention and executive functioning domains compared to HC. Individuals taking antidepressants had better outcomes in verbal learning in contrast with those taking antipsychotics. In children and adolescents, neurocognition may be already impaired before the psychosis onset, and remains stable during the transition to psychosis. Further study should be performed to obtain more robust evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Pedruzo
- Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Claudia Aymerich
- Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Malein Pacho
- Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jon Herrero
- Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - María Laborda
- Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marta Bordenave
- Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Anthony J Giuliano
- Worcester Recovery Center and Hospital, Massachusetts Department of Mental Health, Boston, USA
| | - Robert A McCutcheon
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Outreach and Support in South London Service, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - William S Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Outreach and Support in South London Service, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
- Neuroscience Department, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- CIBERSAM. Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Catalan
- Department of Psychiatry, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Neuroscience Department, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- CIBERSAM. Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Cheng N, Lin A, Bowden S, Gao C, Yung AR, Nelson B, Thompson A, Yuen HP, Brewer WJ, Cagliarini D, Bruxner A, Simmons M, Broussard C, Pantelis C, McGorry PD, Allott K, Wood SJ. Intelligence trajectories in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis: An 8-year longitudinal analysis. Schizophr Res 2022; 248:140-148. [PMID: 36055017 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a well-documented predictor of transition to a full-threshold psychotic disorder amongst individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. However, less is known about whether change in cognitive functioning differs between those who do and do not transition. Studies to date have not examined trajectories in intelligence constructs (e.g., acquired knowledge and fluid intelligence), which have demonstrated marked impairments in individuals with schizophrenia. This study aimed to examine intelligence trajectories using longitudinal data spanning an average of eight years, where some participants completed assessments over three time-points. Participants (N = 139) at UHR for psychosis completed the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) at each follow-up. Linear mixed-effects models mapped changes in WASI Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) and T-scores on Vocabulary, Similarities, Block Design, and Matrix Reasoning subtests. The sample showed stable and improving trajectories for FSIQ and all subtests. There were no significant differences in trajectories between those who did and did not transition to psychosis and between individuals with good and poor functional outcomes. However, although not significant, the trajectories of the acquired knowledge subtests diverged between transitioned and non-transitioned individuals (β = -0.12, 95 % CI [-0.29, 0.05] for Vocabulary and β = -0.14, 95 % CI [-0.33, 0.05] for Similarities). Overall, there was no evidence for long-term deterioration in intelligence trajectories in this UHR sample. Future studies with a larger sample of transitioned participants may be needed to explore potential differences in intelligence trajectories between UHR transition groups and other non-psychosis outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Cheng
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Stephen Bowden
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Caroline Gao
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison R Yung
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK; Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England, UK; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hok Pan Yuen
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Warrick J Brewer
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Daniela Cagliarini
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Annie Bruxner
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Magenta Simmons
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christina Broussard
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kelly Allott
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.
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4
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Karcher NR, Merchant J, Pine J, Kilciksiz CM. Cognitive Dysfunction as a Risk Factor for Psychosis. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 63:173-203. [PMID: 35989398 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current chapter summarizes recent evidence for cognition as a risk factor for the development of psychosis, including the range of cognitive impairments that exist across the spectrum of psychosis risk symptoms. The chapter examines several possible theories linking cognitive deficits with the development of psychotic symptoms, including evidence that cognitive deficits may be an intermediate risk factor linking genetic and/or neural metrics to psychosis spectrum symptoms. Although there is not strong evidence for unique cognitive markers associated specifically with psychosis compared to other forms of psychopathology, psychotic disorders are generally associated with the greatest severity of cognitive deficits. Cognitive deficits precede the development of psychotic symptoms and may be detectable as early as childhood. Across the psychosis spectrum, both the presence and severity of psychotic symptoms are associated with mild to moderate impairments across cognitive domains, perhaps most consistently for language, cognitive control, and working memory domains. Research generally indicates the size of these cognitive impairments worsens as psychosis symptom severity increases. The chapter points out areas of unclarity and unanswered questions in each of these areas, including regarding the mechanisms contributing to the association between cognition and psychosis, the timing of deficits, and whether any cognitive systems can be identified that function as specific predictors of psychosis risk symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Jaisal Merchant
- Department of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jacob Pine
- Department of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Can Misel Kilciksiz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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5
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Hedges EP, See C, Si S, McGuire P, Dickson H, Kempton MJ. Meta-analysis of longitudinal neurocognitive performance in people at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2009-2016. [PMID: 35821623 PMCID: PMC9386433 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Persons at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) are characterised by specific neurocognitive deficits. However, the course of neurocognitive performance during the prodromal period and over the onset of psychosis remains unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to synthesise results from follow-up studies of CHR individuals to examine longitudinal changes in neurocognitive performance. Three electronic databases were systematically searched to identify articles published up to 31 December 2021. Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria. Study effect sizes (Hedges' g) were calculated and pooled for each neurocognitive task using random-effects meta-analyses. We examined whether changes in performance between baseline and follow-up assessments differed between: (1) CHR and healthy control (HC) individuals, and (2) CHR who did (CHR-T) and did not transition to psychosis (CHR-NT). Meta-analyses found that HC individuals had greater improvements in performance over time compared to CHR for letter fluency (g = -0.32, p = 0.029) and digit span (g = -0.30, p = 0.011) tasks. Second, there were differences in longitudinal performance of CHR-T and CHR-NT in trail making test A (TMT-A) (g = 0.24, p = 0.014) and symbol coding (g = -0.51, p = 0.011). Whilst CHR-NT improved in performance on both tasks, CHR-T improved to a lesser extent in TMT-A and had worsened performance in symbol coding over time. Together, neurocognitive performance generally improved in all groups at follow-up. Yet, evidence suggested that improvements were less pronounced for an overall CHR group, and specifically for CHR-T, in processing speed tasks which may be a relevant domain for interventions aimed to enhance neurocognition in CHR populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P. Hedges
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Cheryl See
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Shuqing Si
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Hannah Dickson
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Matthew J. Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
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6
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Velthorst E, Mollon J, Murray RM, de Haan L, Germeys IM, Glahn DC, Arango C, van der Ven E, Di Forti M, Bernardo M, Guloksuz S, Delespaul P, Mezquida G, Amoretti S, Bobes J, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Sanjuan J, Aguilar EJ, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Atbaşoğlu C, Saka MC, Üçok A, Alptekin K, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Ulaş H, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Beyaz BC, Soygür H, Cankurtaran EŞ, Kaymak SU, Maric NP, Mihaljevic MM, Petrovic SA, Mirjanic T, Del-Ben CM, Ferraro L, Gayer-Anderson C, Jones PB, Jongsma HE, Kirkbride JB, La Cascia C, Lasalvia A, Tosato S, Llorca PM, Menezes PR, Morgan C, Quattrone D, Menchetti M, Selten JP, Szöke A, Tarricone I, Tortelli A, McGuire P, Valmaggia L, Kempton MJ, van der Gaag M, Riecher-Rössler A, Bressan RA, Barrantes-Vidal N, Nelson B, McGorry P, Pantelis C, Krebs MO, Ruhrmann S, Sachs G, Rutten BPF, van Os J, Alizadeh BZ, van Amelsvoort T, Bartels-Velthuis AA, Bruggeman R, van Beveren NJ, Luykx JJ, Cahn W, Simons CJP, Kahn RS, Schirmbeck F, van Winkel R, Reichenberg A. Cognitive functioning throughout adulthood and illness stages in individuals with psychotic disorders and their unaffected siblings. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4529-4543. [PMID: 33414498 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Important questions remain about the profile of cognitive impairment in psychotic disorders across adulthood and illness stages. The age-associated profile of familial impairments also remains unclear, as well as the effect of factors, such as symptoms, functioning, and medication. Using cross-sectional data from the EU-GEI and GROUP studies, comprising 8455 participants aged 18 to 65, we examined cognitive functioning across adulthood in patients with psychotic disorders (n = 2883), and their unaffected siblings (n = 2271), compared to controls (n = 3301). An abbreviated WAIS-III measured verbal knowledge, working memory, visuospatial processing, processing speed, and IQ. Patients showed medium to large deficits across all functions (ES range = -0.45 to -0.73, p < 0.001), while siblings showed small deficits on IQ, verbal knowledge, and working memory (ES = -0.14 to -0.33, p < 0.001). Magnitude of impairment was not associated with participant age, such that the size of impairment in older and younger patients did not significantly differ. However, first-episode patients performed worse than prodromal patients (ES range = -0.88 to -0.60, p < 0.001). Adjusting for cannabis use, symptom severity, and global functioning attenuated impairments in siblings, while deficits in patients remained statistically significant, albeit reduced by half (ES range = -0.13 to -0.38, p < 0.01). Antipsychotic medication also accounted for around half of the impairment in patients (ES range = -0.21 to -0.43, p < 0.01). Deficits in verbal knowledge, and working memory may specifically index familial, i.e., shared genetic and/or shared environmental, liability for psychotic disorders. Nevertheless, potentially modifiable illness-related factors account for a significant portion of the cognitive impairment in psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Seaver Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Arkin Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Els van der Ven
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Department of Social Genetics and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Philippe Delespaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Mondriaan Mental Health Care, Heerlen/Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gisela Mezquida
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Amoretti
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pilar A Saiz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Paz García-Portilla
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Luis Santos
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain.,Neurobiological Research Group, Institute of Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital "Virgen de la Luz", Cuenca, Spain
| | - Estela Jiménez-López
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Julio Sanjuan
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo J Aguilar
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) y Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB3), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gonzalo López
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier González-Peñas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Psychiatry, Universidad de Oviedo, Mental Health Services of Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mara Parellada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cem Atbaşoğlu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meram Can Saka
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alp Üçok
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Köksal Alptekin
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Neuroscience, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Berna Akdede
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tolga Binbay
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Vesile Altınyazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Adnan Menderes University, School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Halis Ulaş
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Berna Yalınçetin
- Department of Neuroscience, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Güvem Gümüş-Akay
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Brain Research Center, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burçin Cihan Beyaz
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haldun Soygür
- Turkish Federation of Schizophrenia Associations, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Nadja P Maric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade & Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina M Mihaljevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade & Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Andric Petrovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade & Clinic for Psychiatry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Mirjanic
- Special Hospital for Psychiatric Disorders Kovin, Kovin, Serbia
| | | | - Laura Ferraro
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Hannah E Jongsma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK.,PsyLife Group, Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, England, UK
| | | | - Caterina La Cascia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Lasalvia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sarah Tosato
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Paulo Rossi Menezes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Craig Morgan
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Diego Quattrone
- Department of Social Genetics and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Marco Menchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jean-Paul Selten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Rivierduinen Institute for Mental Health Care, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ilaria Tarricone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Lucia Valmaggia
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK
| | - Mark van der Gaag
- Amsterdam Public Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- LiNC-Lab Interdisciplinar Neurociências Clínicas, Depto Psiquiatria, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Sanitària Sant Pere Claver, Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick McGorry
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- University of Paris, GHU-Paris, Sainte-Anne, C'JAAD, Inserm U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie (CNRS 3557), Paris, France
| | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sachs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Agna A Bartels-Velthuis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Bruggeman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico J van Beveren
- Antes Center for Mental Health Care, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjen J Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Outpatient Second Opinion Clinic, GGNet Mental Health, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Altrecht Science, Altrecht Mental Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia J P Simons
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GGzE Institute for Mental Health Care, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rene S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederike Schirmbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Arkin Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Seaver Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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7
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González-Ortega I, González-Pinto A, Alberich S, Echeburúa E, Bernardo M, Cabrera B, Amoretti S, Lobo A, Arango C, Corripio I, Vieta E, de la Serna E, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Segarra R, López-Ilundain JM, Sánchez-Torres AM, Cuesta MJ, Zorrilla I, López P, Bioque M, Mezquida G, Barcones F, De-la-Cámara C, Parellada M, Espliego A, Alonso-Solís A, Grasa EM, Varo C, Montejo L, Castro-Fornieles J, Baeza I, Dompablo M, Torio I, Zabala A, Eguiluz JI, Moreno-Izco L, Sanjuan J, Guirado R, Cáceres I, Garnier P, Contreras F, Bobes J, Al-Halabí S, Usall J, Butjosa A, Sarró S, Landin-Romero R, Ibáñez A, Selva G. Influence of social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and psychosocial functioning in patients with first episode psychosis. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2702-2710. [PMID: 31637990 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social cognition has been associated with functional outcome in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). Social cognition has also been associated with neurocognition and cognitive reserve. Although cognitive reserve, neurocognitive functioning, social cognition, and functional outcome are related, the direction of their associations is not clear. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze the influence of social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning in FEP both at baseline and at 2 years. METHODS The sample of the study was composed of 282 FEP patients followed up for 2 years. To analyze whether social cognition mediates the influence of cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning, a path analysis was performed. The statistical significance of any mediation effects was evaluated by bootstrap analysis. RESULTS At baseline, as neither cognitive reserve nor the cognitive domains studied were related to functioning, the conditions for mediation were not satisfied. Nevertheless, at 2 years of follow-up, social cognition acted as a mediator between cognitive reserve and functioning. Likewise, social cognition was a mediator between verbal memory and functional outcome. The results of the bootstrap analysis confirmed these significant mediations (95% bootstrapped CI (-10.215 to -0.337) and (-4.731 to -0.605) respectively). CONCLUSIONS Cognitive reserve and neurocognition are related to functioning, and social cognition mediates in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- I González-Ortega
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain
- The National Distance Education University (UNED), Vitoria, Spain
| | - A González-Pinto
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - S Alberich
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain
- The National Distance Education University (UNED), Vitoria, Spain
| | - E Echeburúa
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M Bernardo
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Cabrera
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Amoretti
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Lobo
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Aragon Institute for Health Sciences (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Arango
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Corripio
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Vieta
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E de la Serna
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Hospital Research Institute (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Segarra
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - J M López-Ilundain
- Department of Psychiatry, Navarre Hospital Complex, IdiSNA, Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A M Sánchez-Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, Navarre Hospital Complex, IdiSNA, Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M J Cuesta
- Department of Psychiatry, Navarre Hospital Complex, IdiSNA, Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Zorrilla
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - P López
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - M Bioque
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Mezquida
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Barcones
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Aragon Institute for Health Sciences (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C De-la-Cámara
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Aragon Institute for Health Sciences (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Parellada
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Espliego
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gregorio Marañón General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Alonso-Solís
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E M Grasa
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Varo
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Montejo
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Castro-Fornieles
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Baeza
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Dompablo
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Hospital Research Institute (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - I Torio
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Hospital Research Institute (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Zabala
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - J I Eguiluz
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - L Moreno-Izco
- Department of Psychiatry, Navarre Hospital Complex, IdiSNA, Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Sanjuan
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Hospital Clinico Universitario of Valencia, Spain
| | - R Guirado
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Cáceres
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Garnier
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Contreras
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Bobes
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Department, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - S Al-Halabí
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Department, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Usall
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Butjosa
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Sarró
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- FIDMAG Hermanas Hospitalarias Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Landin-Romero
- FIDMAG Hermanas Hospitalarias Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Ibáñez
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRyCIS), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Selva
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Memory Impairments and Psychosis Prediction: A Scoping Review and Theoretical Overview. Neuropsychol Rev 2020; 30:521-545. [PMID: 33226539 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-020-09464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impairments in memory functions are among the most robust correlates of schizophrenia and of poor functional outcomes in individuals with psychotic disorders. Prospective, longitudinal studies are crucial to determining the meaning of these deficits in relation to mechanisms associated with the onset and course of these disorders.The objective of this review is to examine the literature concerning premorbid memory impairments during the prodromal phase of psychosis to address three primary questions 1) are memory impairments present among individuals with a clinical high risk syndrome? 2) are memory deficits in clinical high risk cases predictive of future conversion to psychosis? and 3) what are the underlying neural correlates of memory impairment in clinical high risk individuals and are they also predictive of future conversion?PubMed and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched. The primary inclusion criteria were to select studies that 1) were original research articles published in a peer-reviewed journal in the past 25 years, 2) studied subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis or in the prodromal phase of illness, and 3) included examinations into verbal memory performance in those at clinical high risk for psychosis.64 articles were identified and screened for eligibility. The review included 34 studies investigating verbal memory impairment in clinical high risk individuals compared to controls. The average effect size of verbal learning total recall was .58, indicating a moderate level of impairment in verbal learning among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis as compared to healthy controls. Of studies that predicted time to conversion, indices of memory, particularly declarative and verbal working memory, were especially predictive of future conversion. Finally, when examining investigations of the neural correlates of memory dysfunction in the clinical high risk state, findings suggest altered activation and functional connectivity among medial temporal lobe regions may underlie differences in memory performance between clinical high risk individuals and healthy controls.Findings to date strongly indicate that memory impairments are present during the premorbid phase of psychosis and that verbal memory impairment in particular is predictive of future conversion to psychosis. Evidence from fMRI studies is fairly consistent in showing greater activation of memory-related regions during retrieval among clinical high risk cases who convert, with less consistent evidence of altered functional connectivity in the encoding phase. These findings support the use of verbal learning and memory measures in the psychosis prediction and prevention field.
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9
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Kilciksiz CM, Keefe R, Benoit J, Öngür D, Torous J. Verbal memory measurement towards digital perspectives in first-episode psychosis: A review. Schizophr Res Cogn 2020; 21:100177. [PMID: 32322540 PMCID: PMC7163058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2020.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even in the early phases of psychotic spectrum illnesses such as schizophrenia, patients can experience cognitive decline or deficits prior to the onset of psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. In this systematic review, we assessed which verbal memory assessments are most widely used in first-episode psychosis and may be applied via digital technologies (smartphone applications, etc.) for use in early detection. METHODS In November 2019, we searched for studies measuring verbal memory in first episode psychosis or schizophrenia over the past 10 years on PubMed and PsycINFO. We screened abstracts of these studies and excluded review studies. Full-texts of included studies were used to identify the verbal memory measurement tests, follow-up frequencies, and sample sizes. RESULTS We screened 233 reports and found that 120 original research studies measured verbal memory in first episode psychosis over the past 10 years. Four of these studies specified using a computer, 24 (20%) used a paper-pen format, 1(1%) used both, and 91 (76%) studies did not specify their administration tools or suggest there were offered in digital formats. Thirty-five (30%) studies had follow-up measurements of verbal memory, while 85 (70%) had only a single verbal memory measurement. DISCUSSION While many scales are commonly used to measure verbal memory in first episode psychosis, they are not often administered via digital technology. There is an emerging opportunity to administer these and other tests via digital technologies for expanding access to early detection of cognitive decline in clinical high risk and first-episode psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Mişel Kilciksiz
- Digital Psychiatry Division, Psychosis Research Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Richard Keefe
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - James Benoit
- Digital Psychiatry Division, Psychosis Research Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Dost Öngür
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States of America
| | - John Torous
- Digital Psychiatry Division, Psychosis Research Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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10
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Vázquez-Bourgon J, Ayesa-Arriola R, Fatjó-Vilas M, Roiz-Santiañez R, Fañanás L, Crespo-Facorro B. Effect of DISC1 Polymorphisms on the Long-term Course of Neurocognitive Deficits in Non-affective Psychosis. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 30:861-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNeurocognitive deficits are core symptoms of schizophrenia that determine a poorer outcome. High variability in the progression of neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia has been described. It is still unknown whether genetic variations can affect the course of cognitive deficits. Variations in the Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene have previously been associated with neurocognitive deficits. This study investigated the association between 3 DISC1 polymorphisms (rs6675281 (Leu607Phe), rs1000731, and rs821616 (Ser704Cys)) and long-term (3 years) cognitive performance. One-hundred-thirty-three Caucasian drug-naive patients experiencing a first episode of non-affective psychosis were genotyped. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and after 3 years of initiating treatment. Other clinical and socio-demographic variables were recorded to eliminate potential confounding effects. Patients carrying the A allele of rs1000731 exhibited a significant improvement in Working Memory and Attention domains, and the homozygosity of the A allele of rs821616 showed a significant improvement in Motor Dexterity performance over 3 years of follow-up. In conclusion, DISC1 gene variations may affect the course of cognitive deficits found in patients suffering from the first episode of non-affective psychosis.
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11
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Detecting motor slowing in clinical high risk for psychosis in a computerized finger tapping model. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:393-397. [PMID: 31432263 PMCID: PMC7031007 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Finger tapping is sensitive to motor slowing and emerging symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). A sensitive, computerized finger tapping task would be beneficial in early psychosis screening batteries. The study included 41 CHR and 32 healthy volunteers, who completed a computerized finger tapping task and clinical interviews. This computerized finger tapping task was sensitive to slowing in the CHR group compared to healthy volunteers, and as expected negative but not positive symptoms related to motor slowing. Computerized finger tapping tasks may be an easily dispersible tool for early symptom detection battery relevant to emerging negative symptoms.
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12
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Gómez-Gastiasoro A, Peña J, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Lucas-Jiménez O, Díez-Cirarda M, Rilo O, Montoya-Murillo G, Zubiaurre-Elorza L, Ojeda N. A Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Program for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatric and Neurological Conditions: A Review That Supports Its Efficacy. Behav Neurol 2019; 2019:4647134. [PMID: 31772682 PMCID: PMC6854258 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4647134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychological rehabilitation has been the focus of much scientific research over the past decades due to its efficacy in different pathologies. Advances in the neuropsychology field have led to improvements and changes in neuropsychological interventions, which in turn have given rise to different approaches and rehabilitation programs. REHACOP is an integrative neuropsychological rehabilitation program designed by specialist neuropsychologists. With an integrated bottom-up and top-down approach, REHACOP includes neurocognition, social cognition, and daily living tasks hierarchically organized on an increasing level of difficulty. Task arrangement is addressed to maximize improvements and transfer effects into participant's daily living. To date, REHACOP has been implemented on different clinical samples such as patients with schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis (MS), and Parkinson's disease (PD). This manuscript presents the efficacy data of REHACOP across these three populations and discusses it in the context of the available literature. Overall, the magnitude of improvements obtained by means of REHACOP ranged from medium to high across samples. These changes were not restricted to specific neurocognitive domains since participants attending the REHACOP program also showed changes in social cognition and daily functioning variables by means of both direct and transfer effects. Results regarding REHACOP's efficacy in psychiatric and neurological conditions have contributed to expanding the existing evidence about the use of structured neuropsychological rehabilitation. In addition, the results obtained after its implementation highlighted the need and importance of designing and implementing integrative neuropsychological rehabilitation programs that are focused not only on cognition per se but also on participants' performance in daily living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Gómez-Gastiasoro
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007 Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
| | - Javier Peña
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007 Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
| | - Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007 Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
| | - Olaia Lucas-Jiménez
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007 Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
| | - María Díez-Cirarda
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007 Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
| | - Oiane Rilo
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007 Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
| | - Genoveva Montoya-Murillo
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007 Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
| | - Leire Zubiaurre-Elorza
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007 Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
| | - Natalia Ojeda
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007 Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
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Allott K, Wood SJ, Yuen HP, Yung AR, Nelson B, Brewer WJ, Spiliotacopoulos D, Bruxner A, Simmons M, Broussard C, Mallawaarachchi S, Pantelis C, McGorry PD, Lin A. Longitudinal Cognitive Performance in Individuals at Ultrahigh Risk for Psychosis: A 10-year Follow-up. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:1101-1111. [PMID: 30321434 PMCID: PMC6737482 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether the onset of psychosis is associated with deterioration in cognitive performance. The aim of this study was to examine the course of cognitive performance in an ultrahigh risk (UHR) cohort, and whether change in cognition is associated with transition to psychosis and change in functioning. Consecutive admissions to Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation (PACE) Clinic between May 1994 and July 2000 who had completed a comprehensive cognitive assessment at baseline and follow-up were eligible (N = 80). Follow-up ranged from 7.3 to 13.4 years (M = 10.4 years; SD = 1.5). In the whole sample, significant improvements were observed on the Similarities (P = .03), Information (P < .01), Digit Symbol Coding (P < .01), and Trail Making Test-B (P = .01) tasks, whereas performance on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (Trials 1-3) declined significantly (P < .01) over the follow-up period. Change in performance on cognitive measures was not significantly associated with transition status. Taking time to transition into account, those who transitioned after 1 year showed significant decline on Digit Symbol Coding, whereas those who did not transition improved on this measure (P = .01; effect size [ES] = 0.85). Small positive correlations were observed between improvements in functioning and improvements in performance on Digit Symbol Coding and Arithmetic (0.24, P = .03 and 0.28, P = .01, respectively). In summary, the onset of psychosis was not associated with deterioration in cognitive ability. However, specific findings suggest that immediate verbal learning and memory, and processing speed may be relevant domains for future risk models and early intervention research in UHR individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Allott
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,To whom correspondence should be addressed; The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; tel: +61 3 9342 2858, fax: +61 3 9342 2941, e-mail:
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hok Pan Yuen
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison R Yung
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Warrick J Brewer
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniela Spiliotacopoulos
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annie Bruxner
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Magenta Simmons
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina Broussard
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sumudu Mallawaarachchi
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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14
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Hwang WJ, Lee TY, Shin WG, Kim M, Kim J, Lee J, Kwon JS. Global and Specific Profiles of Executive Functioning in Prodromal and Early Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:356. [PMID: 31178768 PMCID: PMC6537881 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Numerous reports on neurocognitive functioning deficits in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) and first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients suggest particular deficits in executive functioning (EF). However, to date, most of the studies have administered a single or a few EF tests to participants, and few investigations have examined the different components of EF to identify specific subdomains of relative strength and weakness. Method: Forty CHR subjects, 85 FEP patients, and 85 healthy controls (HCs) were assessed with a neuropsychological battery to elucidate the profiles of EF in the subdomains of shift, attention, fluency, and planning. Results: In the subdomains of shift, attention, and fluency, CHR individuals and FEP patients showed deficits compared to HC. The post hoc analysis revealed that CHR individuals had comparable attention shifting and phonemic fluency compared to FEP. CHR showed intermediate deficits between FEP and HCs in spatial working memory and semantic fluency, and the largest effect size was observed in semantic fluency both for CHR and FEP. Conclusion: Overall, the findings of this study, in addition to providing detailed profiles of EF in prodromal and early psychosis patients, highlight the informative value of the specific subdomains of semantic fluency and spatial working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Jeong Hwang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Gyo Shin
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihyang Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junhee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Cognitive improvement in first-episode schizophrenia and healthy controls: A 6-year multi-assessment follow-up study. Psychiatry Res 2018; 267:319-326. [PMID: 29957548 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of individual cognitive domains over time is not yet fully examined in first-episode schizophrenia (FES). This study's objective was to explore the cognitive trajectories of FES-patients (n = 28) and compare them to a pairwise matched healthy control group (n = 28, total n = 56). This study has a multi-assessment design, and includes patient data from seven assessments over six years. Healthy controls were assessed at baseline, after two years and after six years. Cognition was assessed with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. Data were analyzed with linear multilevel models. FES-patients scored significantly lower than the control group across all cognitive domains at baseline. Over six years, improvements were seen in attention, verbal learning, processing speed, reasoning/ problem solving, working memory and social cognition. The overall trend points toward a similar cognitive change in both groups. The patient group's improvement in reasoning/ problem solving was significantly larger that the control group, but improvement in working memory was smaller. Cognitive improvements were seen under and after the initial psychosis episode and throughout the recovery process with 45.5% of the patients fully recovered by 6-year follow-up. Cognitive improvements were seen in almost every cognitive domain that is consistently impaired in FES.
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16
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Eisenacher S, Rausch F, Ainser F, Englisch S, Becker A, Mier D, Fenske S, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Kirsch P, Zink M. Early cognitive basic symptoms are accompanied by neurocognitive impairment in patients with an 'at-risk mental state' for psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2018; 12:586-595. [PMID: 27169782 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Patients with an increased risk for psychosis ('at-risk mental state' (ARMS)) present various neurocognitive deficits. Not least because of differences in identifying the ARMS, results of previous studies are inconsistent. In most studies ARMS-patients are classified by the experience of attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) and/or brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms (BLIPS). Few studies additionally assessed cognitive basic symptoms (BS). A comprehensive assessment in the very early stage of the ARMS is missing. METHODS In the present study we characterized ARMS-patients for cognitive BS (ARMS-BS), APS and BLIPS (ARMS-A/B) according to the Early Recognition Inventory based on IRAOS (ERIraos). Furthermore, we assessed neurocognitive deficits using the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery for schizophrenia with a primary hypothesis regarding working memory performance. Groups of 38 ARMS-patients and 38 healthy controls were matched for age, gender, education and premorbid verbal intelligence. RESULTS Between-group comparisons revealed significant poorer working memory performance in addition to lower verbal learning and problem solving, slower processing speed and lower global neurocognitive functioning in ARMS-patients as compared to controls. ARMS-BS did not differ from ARMS-A/B. CONCLUSIONS These results underscore the presence of cognitive limitations in patients only presenting with cognitive BS. Knowledge of these early cognitive deviations supports the inclusion of early ARMS-stages into a comprehensive concept of the psychosis risk state. Therapeutic interventions already applied at this stage might prevent deterioration of constraints. Longitudinal and interventional studies investigating the interaction of cognitive BS and neurocognitive as well as metacognitive deficits are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Eisenacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Rausch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Ainser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Englisch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Becker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Mier
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Fenske
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Zink
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Differentiating between clinical and behavioral phenotypes in first-episode psychosis during maintenance of visuospatial working memory. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:357-364. [PMID: 29137828 PMCID: PMC5948111 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We probed the neural basis of working memory in individuals with first episode of psychosis (FEP) and assessed how these neural abnormalities are associated with behavioral performance and/or core to psychosis pathophysiology. METHODS FEP (N=35) and matched controls (N=25) performed a visuospatial working memory task during fMRI acquisition. We isolated neural activity during the maintenance period and examined neural activity within regions typically engaged during a working memory task. Functional connectivity estimates were derived using psychophysiological interaction analysis. We examined correlations between brain function and behavioral performance and clinical symptomatology. RESULTS FEP had reduced accuracy and slower reaction times compared to controls (p<0.05, q<0.05). During the maintenance period, FEP exhibited reduced right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation compared to controls (p=0.007, q=0.01), even when behavioral performance was matched between groups (p=0.01, q=0.03). Unlike controls, FEP failed to show increased dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) activity with increased load level (p=0.02, q=0.06). Compared to controls, FEP showed increased negative DLPFC-dACC coupling during the maintenance period (p=0.05). Increased DLPFC activation was significantly associated with greater negative symptoms (p<0.005, q=0.02), while greater dACC activation was significantly associated with better performance in FEP (p<0.05, q<0.17). CONCLUSION WM impairment in psychosis may be specific to abnormalities in the ability of frontal systems processing executive commands (DLPFC) and monitoring performance (dACC) during the maintenance of information. Our results add to accumulating evidence indicating that DLPFC abnormalities may be core to psychosis psychopathology. We also provide new insights regarding how DLPFC abnormalities may undermine dACC processing during the maintenance of information.
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18
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Lerner Y, Bleich-Cohen M, Solnik-Knirsh S, Yogev-Seligmann G, Eisenstein T, Madah W, Shamir A, Hendler T, Kremer I. Abnormal neural hierarchy in processing of verbal information in patients with schizophrenia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 17:1047-1060. [PMID: 29349038 PMCID: PMC5768152 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous research indicates abnormal comprehension of verbal information in patients with schizophrenia. Yet the neural mechanism underlying the breakdown of verbal information processing in schizophrenia is poorly understood. Imaging studies in healthy populations have shown a network of brain areas involved in hierarchical processing of verbal information over time. Here, we identified critical aspects of this hierarchy, examining patients with schizophrenia. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined various levels of information comprehension elicited by naturally presented verbal stimuli; from a set of randomly shuffled words to an intact story. Specifically, patients with first episode schizophrenia (N = 15), their non-manifesting siblings (N = 14) and healthy controls (N = 15) listened to a narrated story and randomly scrambled versions of it. To quantify the degree of dissimilarity between the groups, we adopted an inter-subject correlation (inter-SC) approach, which estimates differences in synchronization of neural responses within and between groups. The temporal topography found in healthy and siblings groups were consistent with our previous findings - high synchronization in responses from early sensory toward high order perceptual and cognitive areas. In patients with schizophrenia, stimuli with short and intermediate temporal scales evoked a typical pattern of reliable responses, whereas story condition (long temporal scale) revealed robust and widespread disruption of the inter-SCs. In addition, the more similar the neural activity of patients with schizophrenia was to the average response in the healthy group, the less severe the positive symptoms of the patients. Our findings suggest that system-level neural indication of abnormal verbal information processing in schizophrenia reflects disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Lerner
- Tel Aviv Center for Brain Functions, Tel Aviv, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neurosceince, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Maya Bleich-Cohen
- Tel Aviv Center for Brain Functions, Tel Aviv, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shimrit Solnik-Knirsh
- Tel Aviv Center for Brain Functions, Tel Aviv, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galit Yogev-Seligmann
- Tel Aviv Center for Brain Functions, Tel Aviv, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamir Eisenstein
- Tel Aviv Center for Brain Functions, Tel Aviv, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Alon Shamir
- MAZOR Mental Health Center, Acre, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Talma Hendler
- Tel Aviv Center for Brain Functions, Tel Aviv, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neurosceince, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilana Kremer
- MAZOR Mental Health Center, Acre, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Giersch A, Mishara AL. Is Schizophrenia a Disorder of Consciousness? Experimental and Phenomenological Support for Anomalous Unconscious Processing. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1659. [PMID: 29033868 PMCID: PMC5625017 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades ago, several authors have proposed that disorders in automatic processing lead to intrusive symptoms or abnormal contents in the consciousness of people with schizophrenia. However, since then, studies have mainly highlighted difficulties in patients' conscious experiencing and processing but rarely explored how unconscious and conscious mechanisms may interact in producing this experience. We report three lines of research, focusing on the processing of spatial frequencies, unpleasant information, and time-event structure that suggest that impairments occur at both the unconscious and conscious level. We argue that focusing on unconscious, physiological and automatic processing of information in patients, while contrasting that processing with conscious processing, is a first required step before understanding how distortions or other impairments emerge at the conscious level. We then indicate that the phenomenological tradition of psychiatry supports a similar claim and provides a theoretical framework helping to understand the relationship between the impairments and clinical symptoms. We base our argument on the presence of disorders in the minimal self in patients with schizophrenia. The minimal self is tacit and non-verbal and refers to the sense of bodily presence. We argue this sense is shaped by unconscious processes, whose alteration may thus affect the feeling of being a unique individual. This justifies a focus on unconscious mechanisms and a distinction from those associated with consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Giersch
- INSERM U1114, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire of Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aaron L. Mishara
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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20
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Forsyth JK, Lewis DA. Mapping the Consequences of Impaired Synaptic Plasticity in Schizophrenia through Development: An Integrative Model for Diverse Clinical Features. Trends Cogn Sci 2017; 21:760-778. [PMID: 28754595 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with alterations in sensory, motor, and cognitive functions that emerge before psychosis onset; identifying pathogenic processes that can account for this multi-faceted phenotype remains a challenge. Accumulating evidence suggests that synaptic plasticity is impaired in schizophrenia. Given the role of synaptic plasticity in learning, memory, and neural circuit maturation, impaired plasticity may underlie many features of the schizophrenia syndrome. Here, we summarize the neurobiology of synaptic plasticity, review evidence that plasticity is impaired in schizophrenia, and explore a framework in which impaired synaptic plasticity interacts with brain maturation to yield the emergence of sensory, motor, cognitive, and psychotic features at different times during development in schizophrenia. Key gaps in the literature and future directions for testing this framework are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Forsyth
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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21
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The effect of cognitive remediation in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis: a systematic review. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2017; 3:20. [PMID: 28560266 PMCID: PMC5441569 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-017-0021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are prominent features of the ultra-high risk state for psychosis that are known to impact functioning and course of illness. Cognitive remediation appears to be the most promising treatment approach to alleviate the cognitive deficits, which may translate into functional improvements. This study systematically reviewed the evidence on the effectiveness of cognitive remediation in the ultra-high risk population. The electronic databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase were searched using keywords related to cognitive remediation and the UHR state. Studies were included if they were peer-reviewed, written in English, and included a population meeting standardized ultra-high risk criteria. Six original research articles were identified. All the studies provided computerized, bottom-up-based cognitive remediation, predominantly targeting neurocognitive function. Four out of five studies that reported a cognitive outcome found cognitive remediation to improve cognition in the domains of verbal memory, attention, and processing speed. Two out of four studies that reported on functional outcome found cognitive remediation to improve the functional outcome in the domains of social functioning and social adjustment. Zero out of the five studies that reported such an outcome found cognitive remediation to affect the magnitude of clinical symptoms. Research on the effect of cognitive remediation in the ultra-high risk state is still scarce. The current state of evidence indicates an effect of cognitive remediation on cognition and functioning in ultra-high risk individuals. More research on cognitive remediation in ultra-high risk is needed, notably in large-scale trials assessing the effect of neurocognitive and/or social cognitive remediation on multiple outcomes.
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22
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Cabrera B, Bioque M, Penadés R, González-Pinto A, Parellada M, Bobes J, Lobo A, García-Bueno B, Leza JC, Bernardo M. Cognition and psychopathology in first-episode psychosis: are they related to inflammation? Psychol Med 2016; 46:2133-2144. [PMID: 27055381 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits are present from the onset of psychosis and are considered a core feature of the disorder. Increasing evidence suggests that cognitive function is associated with inflammatory processes. This study evaluated the association between cognition and inflammatory biomarkers in first-episode psychosis (FEP), in order to identify cognitive phenotypes from inflammatory expression profiles. METHOD A case-control study of 92 FEP patients and 80 matched controls was used. Neurocognitive assessment, including verbal ability, sustained attention, verbal memory, working memory and executive function, was performed. The expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators of the main intracellular inflammatory pathway was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma. RESULTS FEP patients performed worse in all cognitive domains compared to controls and had higher expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and lower expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. In the FEP group, cognition and psychopathology were associated with inflammation. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that association between the anti-inflammatory prostaglandin 15d-PGJ2 and sustained attention on one hand, and COX-2 expression and executive function on the other, were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence for an association between anti-inflammatory biomarkers and cognition in FEP. The identification of a subgroup of patients based on these measures could be useful to guide treatment programmes by providing tools to select a personalized treatment approach, but longitudinal studies are needed before. In the future, establishment of biomarkers linked to cognition would be useful to monitor the course of cognitive impairment, but substantially more data will be required. Determination of IκBα, the inhibitory protein of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NFκB, could be useful in early phases to assess clinical severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cabrera
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit,Neuroscience Institute,Hospital Clinic of Barcelona,Spain
| | - M Bioque
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit,Neuroscience Institute,Hospital Clinic of Barcelona,Spain
| | - R Penadés
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit,Neuroscience Institute,Hospital Clinic of Barcelona,Spain
| | - A González-Pinto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM),Spain
| | - M Parellada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM),Spain
| | - J Bobes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM),Spain
| | - A Lobo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM),Spain
| | - B García-Bueno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM),Spain
| | - J C Leza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM),Spain
| | - M Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit,Neuroscience Institute,Hospital Clinic of Barcelona,Spain
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23
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Rossi R, Zammit S, Button KS, Munafò MR, Lewis G, David AS. Psychotic Experiences and Working Memory: A Population-Based Study Using Signal-Detection Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153148. [PMID: 27120349 PMCID: PMC4847914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotic Experiences (PEs) during adolescence index increased risk for psychotic disorders and schizophrenia in adult life. Working memory (WM) deficits are a core feature of these disorders. Our objective was to examine the relationship between PEs and WM in a general population sample of young people in a case control study. 4744 individuals of age 17–18 from Bristol and surrounding areas (UK) were analyzed in a cross-sectional study nested within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort study. The dependent variable was PEs, assessed using the semi-structured Psychosis-Like Symptom Interview (PLIKSi). The independent variable was performance on a computerized numerical n-back working memory task. Signal-Detection Theory indices, including standardized hits rate, false alarms rate, discriminability index (d’) and response bias (c) from 2-Back and 3-Back tasks were calculated. 3576 and 3527 individuals had complete data for 2-Back and 3-Back respectively. Suspected/definite PEs prevalence was 7.9% (N = 374). Strongest evidence of association was seen between PEs and false alarms on the 2-Back, (odds ratio (OR) = 1.17 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.01, 1.35]) and 3-back (OR = 1.35 [1.18, 1.54]) and with c (OR = 1.59 [1.09, 2.34]), and lower d’ (OR = 0.76 [0.65, 0.89]), on the 3-Back. Adjustment for several potential confounders, including general IQ, drug exposure and different psycho-social factors, and subsequent multiple imputation of missing data did not materially alter the results. WM is impaired in young people with PEs in the general population. False alarms, rather than poor accuracy, are more closely related to PEs. Such impairment is consistent with different neuropsychological models of psychosis focusing on signal-to-noise discrimination, probabilistic reasoning and impaired reality monitoring as a basis of psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Rossi
- Section of Psychiatry, University School of Medicine Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Stanley Zammit
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marcus R. Munafò
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony S. David
- Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Isaac C, Januel D. Neural correlates of cognitive improvements following cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: a systematic review of randomized trials. SOCIOAFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE & PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 6:30054. [PMID: 26993787 PMCID: PMC4799394 DOI: 10.3402/snp.v6.30054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairments are a core feature in schizophrenia and are linked to poor social functioning. Numerous studies have shown that cognitive remediation can enhance cognitive and functional abilities in patients with this pathology. The underlying mechanism of these behavioral improvements seems to be related to structural and functional changes in the brain. However, studies on neural correlates of such enhancement remain scarce. OBJECTIVES We explored the neural correlates of cognitive enhancement following cognitive remediation interventions in schizophrenia and the differential effect between cognitive training and other therapeutic interventions or patients' usual care. METHOD We searched MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and ScienceDirect databases for studies on cognitive remediation therapy in schizophrenia that used neuroimaging techniques and a randomized design. Search terms included randomized controlled trial, cognitive remediation, cognitive training, rehabilitation, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, near infrared spectroscopy, and diffusion tensor imaging. We selected randomized controlled trials that proposed multiple sessions of cognitive training to adult patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and assessed its efficacy with imaging techniques. RESULTS In total, 15 reports involving 19 studies were included in the systematic review. They involved a total of 455 adult patients, 271 of whom received cognitive remediation. Cognitive remediation therapy seems to provide a neurobiological enhancing effect in schizophrenia. After therapy, increased activations are observed in various brain regions mainly in frontal - especially prefrontal - and also in occipital and anterior cingulate regions during working memory and executive tasks. Several studies provide evidence of an improved functional connectivity after cognitive training, suggesting a neuroplastic effect of therapy through mechanisms of functional reorganization. Neurocognitive and social-cognitive training may have a cumulative effect on neural networks involved in social cognition. The variety of proposed programs, imaging tasks, and techniques may explain the heterogeneity of observed neural improvements. Future studies would need to specify the effect of cognitive training depending on those variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Isaac
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, EPS Ville Evrard, Neuilly-Sur-Marne, France;
| | - Dominique Januel
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, EPS Ville Evrard, Neuilly-Sur-Marne, France
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25
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Woodberry KA, Shapiro DI, Bryant C, Seidman LJ. Progress and Future Directions in Research on the Psychosis Prodrome: A Review for Clinicians. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2016; 24:87-103. [PMID: 26954594 PMCID: PMC4870599 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to: ABSTRACT The psychosis prodrome, or period of clinical and functional decline leading up to acute psychosis, offers a unique opportunity for identifying mechanisms of psychosis onset and for testing early-intervention strategies. We summarize major findings and emerging directions in prodromal research and provide recommendations for clinicians working with individuals suspected to be at high risk for psychosis. The past two decades of research have led to three major advances. First, tools and criteria have been developed that can reliably identify imminent risk for a psychotic disorder. Second, longitudinal clinical and psychobiological data from large multisite studies are strengthening individual risk assessment and offering insights into potential mechanisms of illness onset. Third, psychosocial and pharmacological interventions are demonstrating promise for delaying or preventing the onset of psychosis in help-seeking, high-risk individuals. The dynamic psychobiological processes implicated in both risk and onset of psychosis, including altered gene expression, cognitive dysfunction, inflammation, gray and white matter brain changes, and vulnerability-stress interactions suggest a wide range of potential treatment targets and strategies. The expansion of resources devoted to early intervention and prodromal research worldwide raises hope for investigating them. Future directions include identifying psychosis-specific risk and resilience factors in children, adolescents, and non-help-seeking community samples, improving study designs to test hypothesized mechanisms of change, and intervening with strategies that, in order to improve functional outcomes, better engage youth, address their environmental contexts, and focus on evidence-based neurodevelopmental targets. Prospective research on putatively prodromal samples has the potential to substantially reshape our understanding of mental illness and our efforts to combat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Woodberry
- From Harvard Medical School (Drs. Woodberry, Shapiro, and Seidman) and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Drs. Woodberry, Shapiro, and Seidman, and Ms. Bryant)
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26
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Carrión RE, McLaughlin D, Auther AM, Olsen R, Correll CU, Cornblatt BA. The impact of psychosis on the course of cognition: a prospective, nested case-control study in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Psychol Med 2015; 45:3341-54. [PMID: 26169626 PMCID: PMC4790441 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715001233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia are rooted early in development, the impact of psychosis on the course of cognitive functioning remains unclear. In this study a nested case-control design was used to examine the relationship between emerging psychosis and the course of cognition in individuals ascertained as clinical high-risk (CHR) who developed psychosis during the study (CHR + T). METHOD Fifteen CHR + T subjects were administered a neurocognitive battery at baseline and post-psychosis onset (8.04 months, s.d. = 10.26). CHR + T subjects were matched on a case-by-case basis on age, gender, and time to retest with a group of healthy comparison subjects (CNTL, n = 15) and two groups of CHR subjects that did not transition: (1) subjects matched on medication treatment (i.e. antipsychotics and antidepressants) at both baseline and retesting (Meds-matched CHR + NT, n = 15); (2) subjects unmedicated at both assessments (Meds-free CHR + NT, n = 15). RESULTS At baseline, CHR + T subjects showed large global neurocognitive and intellectual impairments, along with specific impairments in processing speed, verbal memory, sustained attention, and executive function. These impairments persisted after psychosis onset and did not further deteriorate. In contrast, CHR + NT subjects demonstrated stable mild to no impairments in neurocognitive and intellectual performance, independent of medication treatment. CONCLUSIONS Cognition appears to be impaired prior to the emergence of psychotic symptoms, with no further deterioration associated with the onset of psychosis. Cognitive deficits represent trait risk markers, as opposed to state markers of disease status and may therefore serve as possible predictors of schizophrenia prior to the onset of the full illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. E. Carrión
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System (NS-LIJHS), Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - D. McLaughlin
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System (NS-LIJHS), Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - A. M. Auther
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System (NS-LIJHS), Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - R. Olsen
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System (NS-LIJHS), Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - C. U. Correll
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System (NS-LIJHS), Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - B. A. Cornblatt
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System (NS-LIJHS), Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore – Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
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27
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de Paula ALD, Hallak JEC, Maia-de-Oliveira JP, Bressan RA, Machado-de-Sousa JP. Cognition in at-risk mental states for psychosis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 57:199-208. [PMID: 26365107 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The devastating nature of schizophrenia and treatment limitations have triggered a search for early detection methods to enable interventions to be implemented as soon as the first signs and symptoms appear. In this effort, several studies have investigated the cognitive functions in individuals regarded as being in at-risk mental states (ARMS) for psychosis. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to make a systematic review of the literature regarding basic and social cognition in individuals in ARMS following the guidelines of the PRISMA statement. RESULTS In general, the results of the 49 articles included in the review show that individuals in ARMS have pervasive cognitive deficits that seem to be greater in individuals who later convert to psychosis. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive impairment can be detected in individuals considered to be in ARMS according to current classifications and may serve as a risk marker for psychotic conversion; however, the lack of standardized criteria to define ARMS and of homogeneous cognitive assessment methods hamper the generalization of findings from different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Damião de Paula
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine, CNPq, Brazil
| | - Jaime Eduardo Cecílio Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine, CNPq, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Maia-de-Oliveira
- National Institute for Translational Medicine, CNPq, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - João Paulo Machado-de-Sousa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine, CNPq, Brazil.
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28
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Fusar-Poli P, Rocchetti M, Sardella A, Avila A, Brandizzi M, Caverzasi E, Politi P, Ruhrmann S, McGuire P. Disorder, not just state of risk: meta-analysis of functioning and quality of life in people at high risk of psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 2015; 207:198-206. [PMID: 26329563 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.157115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nosology of the psychosis high-risk state is controversial. Traditionally conceived as an 'at risk' state for the development of psychotic disorders, it is also conceptualised as a clinical syndrome associated with functional impairment. AIMS To investigate meta-analytically the functional status of patients at high clinical risk for psychosis and its association with longitudinal outcomes. METHOD Three meta-analyses compared level of functioning (n = 3012) and quality of life (QoL) (n = 945) between a high-risk group, a healthy control group and group with psychosis, and baseline functioning in people in the high-risk group who did or did not have a transition to psychosis at follow-up (n = 654). RESULTS People at high risk had a large impairment in functioning (P<0.001) and worse QoL (P = 0.001) than the healthy control group, but only small to moderately better functioning (P = 0.012) and similar QoL (P = 0.958) compared with the psychosis group. Among the high-risk group, those who did not develop psychosis reported better functioning (P = 0.001) than those who did. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the high-risk state is characterised by consistent and large impairments of functioning and reduction in QoL similar to those in other coded psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Paolo Fusar-Poli, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, and Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS) prodromal team, South London and the Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London; Matteo Rocchetti, MD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, and Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Alberto Sardella, PsyD, Alessia Avila, PsyD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Martina Brandizzi, MD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, and Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Edgardo Caverzasi, Professor, Pierluigi Politi, Professor, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Stephan Ruhrmann, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Philip McGuire, Professor, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, and OASIS prodromal team, South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Matteo Rocchetti
- Paolo Fusar-Poli, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, and Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS) prodromal team, South London and the Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London; Matteo Rocchetti, MD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, and Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Alberto Sardella, PsyD, Alessia Avila, PsyD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Martina Brandizzi, MD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, and Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Edgardo Caverzasi, Professor, Pierluigi Politi, Professor, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Stephan Ruhrmann, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Philip McGuire, Professor, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, and OASIS prodromal team, South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alberto Sardella
- Paolo Fusar-Poli, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, and Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS) prodromal team, South London and the Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London; Matteo Rocchetti, MD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, and Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Alberto Sardella, PsyD, Alessia Avila, PsyD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Martina Brandizzi, MD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, and Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Edgardo Caverzasi, Professor, Pierluigi Politi, Professor, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Stephan Ruhrmann, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Philip McGuire, Professor, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, and OASIS prodromal team, South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alessia Avila
- Paolo Fusar-Poli, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, and Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS) prodromal team, South London and the Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London; Matteo Rocchetti, MD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, and Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Alberto Sardella, PsyD, Alessia Avila, PsyD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Martina Brandizzi, MD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, and Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Edgardo Caverzasi, Professor, Pierluigi Politi, Professor, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Stephan Ruhrmann, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Philip McGuire, Professor, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, and OASIS prodromal team, South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Martina Brandizzi
- Paolo Fusar-Poli, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, and Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS) prodromal team, South London and the Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London; Matteo Rocchetti, MD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, and Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Alberto Sardella, PsyD, Alessia Avila, PsyD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Martina Brandizzi, MD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, and Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Edgardo Caverzasi, Professor, Pierluigi Politi, Professor, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Stephan Ruhrmann, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Philip McGuire, Professor, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, and OASIS prodromal team, South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Edgardo Caverzasi
- Paolo Fusar-Poli, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, and Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS) prodromal team, South London and the Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London; Matteo Rocchetti, MD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, and Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Alberto Sardella, PsyD, Alessia Avila, PsyD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Martina Brandizzi, MD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, and Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Edgardo Caverzasi, Professor, Pierluigi Politi, Professor, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Stephan Ruhrmann, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Philip McGuire, Professor, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, and OASIS prodromal team, South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Pierluigi Politi
- Paolo Fusar-Poli, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, and Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS) prodromal team, South London and the Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London; Matteo Rocchetti, MD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, and Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Alberto Sardella, PsyD, Alessia Avila, PsyD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Martina Brandizzi, MD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, and Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Edgardo Caverzasi, Professor, Pierluigi Politi, Professor, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Stephan Ruhrmann, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Philip McGuire, Professor, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, and OASIS prodromal team, South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Paolo Fusar-Poli, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, and Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS) prodromal team, South London and the Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London; Matteo Rocchetti, MD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, and Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Alberto Sardella, PsyD, Alessia Avila, PsyD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Martina Brandizzi, MD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, and Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Edgardo Caverzasi, Professor, Pierluigi Politi, Professor, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Stephan Ruhrmann, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Philip McGuire, Professor, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, and OASIS prodromal team, South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Paolo Fusar-Poli, PhD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, and Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS) prodromal team, South London and the Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London; Matteo Rocchetti, MD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, and Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Alberto Sardella, PsyD, Alessia Avila, PsyD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Martina Brandizzi, MD, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK, and Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Functions Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Edgardo Caverzasi, Professor, Pierluigi Politi, Professor, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Stephan Ruhrmann, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Philip McGuire, Professor, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, and OASIS prodromal team, South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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29
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Pawełczyk A, Kotlicka-Antczak M, Rabe-Jabłońska J, Pawełczyk T, Ruszpel A, Łojek E. Figural fluency and immediate visual memory in patients with at-risk mental state for psychosis: empirical study. Early Interv Psychiatry 2015; 9:324-30. [PMID: 24373200 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Although a number of cognitive functions have been assessed in the ultra-high risk (UHR) population, only one study has reported on figural fluency. Visual memory was measured by different tests providing inconsistent results. The aim of the present study was to compare figural fluency and visual immediate memory performance in UHR patients and normal subjects. METHODS The UHR sample consisted of 55 help-seeking individuals meeting CAARMS criteria. The control group consisted of 65 subjects. They were matched as a group by age, gender and education level. Figural fluency (RFFT) and immediate visual memory (BVRT) were assessed within 2 weeks after inclusion in the study in the UHR patient group. RESULTS Significant differences were obtained in RFFT and BVRT results. In BVRT, UHR patients scored lower in number of correct designs (P < 0.001) and higher in number of errors (P < 0.0001), especially omissions (P < 0.001) and distortions (P < 0.0001). UHR subjects accurately recalled fewer designs, omitted and distorted more test figures. In RFFT, they scored lower in production of novel designs (P < 0.0001) and higher in the error ratio index (P < 0.008). They produced fewer novel designs and made more preservative errors. CONCLUSIONS The current study concerns non-verbal cognitive functions in UHR samples. Our results suggest that figural fluency and visual immediate memory are impaired in help-seeking UHR individuals as compared with matched controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pawełczyk
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz
| | | | | | - Tomasz Pawełczyk
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz
| | - Anna Ruszpel
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emila Łojek
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Metzler S, Dvorsky D, Wyss C, Müller M, Gerstenberg M, Traber-Walker N, Walitza S, Theodoridou A, Rössler W, Heekeren K. Changes in neurocognitive functioning during transition to manifest disease: comparison of individuals at risk for schizophrenic and bipolar affective psychoses. Psychol Med 2015; 45:2123-2134. [PMID: 25640248 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive deficits are important aspects of schizophrenic disorder because they have a strong impact on social and vocational outcomes. Previously it was assumed that cognitive abilities progressively deteriorate with illness onset. However, recent research results have contradicted this with observations of continuous or even improved performance in individuals at risk for psychosis or manifest schizophrenia. The objective of our longitudinal study was to examine neurocognitive functioning in help-seeking individuals meeting basic symptoms or ultra-high-risk criteria for schizophrenic psychosis (HRSchiz) or risk criteria for affective psychosis (HRBip). The progression of cognitive functioning in individuals converting to psychosis was compared with that of at-risk individuals who did not convert during the follow-up period. METHOD Data were available from 86 study participants who completed neurocognitive and clinical assessments at baseline and, on average, 12.8 (s.d. = 1.5) months later. Neurocognitive measures were grouped according to their load in factor analysis to five cognitive domains: speed, attention, fluency, learning and memory, and working memory. RESULTS Neurocognitive functioning in HRSchiz and HRBip individuals generally improved over time. Subjects converting to manifest psychosis displayed a stable neurocognitive profile from baseline to follow-up. Compared with non-converters, they had already demonstrated a significantly lower level of performance during their baseline examinations. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide no evidence for a progressive cognitive decline in individuals at risk of psychosis. In line with the neurodevelopmental model, our findings suggest that cognitive deficits are already present very early, before or during the prodromal stage of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Metzler
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP),University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich,Switzerland
| | - D Dvorsky
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP),University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich,Switzerland
| | - C Wyss
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP),University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich,Switzerland
| | - M Müller
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP),University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich,Switzerland
| | - M Gerstenberg
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP),University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich,Switzerland
| | - N Traber-Walker
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP),University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich,Switzerland
| | - S Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,University of Zurich,Switzerland
| | - A Theodoridou
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP),University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich,Switzerland
| | - W Rössler
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP),University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich,Switzerland
| | - K Heekeren
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP),University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich,Switzerland
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Zhang T, Li H, Stone WS, Woodberry KA, Seidman LJ, Tang Y, Guo Q, Zhuo K, Qian Z, Cui H, Zhu Y, Jiang L, Chow A, Tang Y, Li C, Jiang K, Yi Z, Xiao Z, Wang J. Neuropsychological Impairment in Prodromal, First-Episode, and Chronic Psychosis: Assessing RBANS Performance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125784. [PMID: 25973925 PMCID: PMC4431726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits are observed throughout all developmental phases of psychosis. However, prior studies have usually focused on a limited illness period and used a wide variety of cognitive instruments. Therefore, it has been difficult to characterize or highlight cognitive functioning in different stages of psychosis. METHOD We administered the RBANS (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status) tests to 4 participant subgroups, including healthy volunteers (controls, HC, n = 28), subjects at high risk for clinical psychosis (prodrome, CHR, n = 27), first-episode schizophrenia patients (FE-Sz, n = 26), and mid-term and long-term chronic schizophrenia patients (Ch-Sz, n =147). Comparison, correlation, and regression analyses of RBANS index scores were assessed among groups. We examined clinical outcomes over 2 years between the CHR and HC subjects, and RBANS domains were used as possible predictors for conversion to psychosis. RESULTS Performance on all RBANS domains was significantly impaired during a post-onset stage of psychosis (FE-Sz and Ch-Sz), and RBANS scores declined along with disease progression. Regression analyses showed that for CHR and HC subjects, baseline impairment in delayed memory (DM) significantly predicted conversion to psychosis. Additionally, partial correlations showed that for FE-Sz and Ch-Sz subjects, DM was the only correlate with a later stage of psychosis. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive deficits broadly emerged, and diminished functioning followed along with disease progression. Impairment in DM is perhaps one domain that helps us understand the development of psychosis. A critical need is to monitor and treat memory functioning for psychotic patients throughout all phases of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- TianHong Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - HuiJun Li
- Florida A & M University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - William S. Stone
- Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Kristen A. Woodberry
- Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Larry J. Seidman
- Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - YingYing Tang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Qian Guo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - KaiMing Zhuo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - ZhenYing Qian
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - HuiRu Cui
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - YiKang Zhu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - LiJuan Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Annabelle Chow
- Changi General Hospital, Department of psychological medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - YunXiang Tang
- Department of medical psychology, Faculty of Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - ChunBo Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - KaiDa Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - ZhengHui Yi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China
- * E-mail: (JJW); (ZPX); (ZHY)
| | - ZePing Xiao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China
- * E-mail: (JJW); (ZPX); (ZHY)
| | - JiJun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, PR China
- * E-mail: (JJW); (ZPX); (ZHY)
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Liu CC, Hua MS, Hwang TJ, Chiu CY, Liu CM, Hsieh MH, Chien YL, Lin YT, Hwu HG. Neurocognitive functioning of subjects with putative pre-psychotic states and early psychosis. Schizophr Res 2015; 164:40-6. [PMID: 25802138 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurocognitive functioning of patients with schizophrenia is likely to decline at the early stage of the illness. More evidence is needed to determine whether deficits in certain domains of neurocognition precede the onset of illness and can predict the onset of psychosis. METHODS Subjects were recruited from the SOPRES study in Taiwan. A neuropsychological battery including the continuous performance test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition, Trail Making Tests, Mandarin version of the Verbal Fluency Test, and Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition, was applied at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Neurocognitive profiles derived from these tests were categorized into 9 domains for comparisons among subjects with different levels of clinical severity. RESULTS A total of 324 participants, including 49 with first episode psychosis (FEP), 53 with ultra-high risk (UHR), 42 with intermediate risk (IR), 43 with marginal risk (MR), and 137 normal controls completed a baseline assessment and 71% of the participants completed a 1-year follow-up assessment. The profiles of the UHR and IR groups were identical at baseline. Those who converted to FEP later on (UHR+) showed relatively poorer performance than non-converters (UHR-) at baseline. At follow-up the performance of UHR+ was compatible to that of FEP, while UHR- generally improved. CONCLUSIONS By including subjects with early putative pre-psychotic states, our study clarifies some inconsistencies about the timing and stability of changes in neurocognitive functioning that occur at the start of psychosis; it also raises questions regarding the feasibility of using neurocognitive deficits to predict the risks of transition to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chung Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Mau-Sun Hua
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jeng Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yeh Chiu
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Barder HE, Sundet K, Rund BR, Evensen J, Haahr U, ten Velden Hegelstad W, Joa I, Johannessen JO, Langeveld J, Larsen TK, Melle I, Opjordsmoen S, Røssberg JI, Simonsen E, Vaglum P, McGlashan T, Friis SPI. 10 year course of IQ in first-episode psychosis: relationship between duration of psychosis and long-term intellectual trajectories. Psychiatry Res 2015; 225:515-21. [PMID: 25535007 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A substantial proportion of patients suffering from schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSDs) exhibit a general intellectual impairment at illness onset, but the subsequent intellectual course remains unclear. Relationships between accumulated time in psychosis and long-term intellectual functioning are largely uninvestigated, but may identify subgroups with different intellectual trajectories. Eighty-nine first-episode psychosis patients were investigated on IQ at baseline and at 10-years follow-up. Total time in psychosis was defined as two separate variables; Duration of psychosis before start of treatment (i.e. duration of untreated psychosis: DUP), and duration of psychosis after start of treatment (DAT). The sample was divided in three equal groups based on DUP and DAT, respectively. To investigate if diagnosis could separate IQ-trajectories beyond that of psychotic duration, two diagnostic categories were defined: core versus non-core SSDs. No significant change in IQ was found for the total sample. Intellectual course was not related to DUP or stringency of diagnostic category. However, a subgroup with long DAT demonstrated a significant intellectual decline, mainly associated with a weaker performance on test of immediate verbal recall/working memory (WAIS-R Digit Span). This indicates a relationship between accumulated duration of psychosis and long-term intellectual course, irrespective of diagnostic category, in a significant subgroup of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Eidsmo Barder
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Rishovd Rund
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 3004, Drammen, Norway
| | - Julie Evensen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrik Haahr
- Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry Roskilde, Region Zealand, Smedegade 1-16, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Wenche ten Velden Hegelstad
- Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Psychiatric Division, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. 8100, 4068 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Inge Joa
- Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Psychiatric Division, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. 8100, 4068 Stavanger, Norway; Faculty of social sciences, University of Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan Olav Johannessen
- Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Psychiatric Division, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. 8100, 4068 Stavanger, Norway; Faculty of social sciences, University of Stavanger, Norway
| | - Johannes Langeveld
- Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Psychiatric Division, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. 8100, 4068 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tor Ketil Larsen
- Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Psychiatric Division, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. 8100, 4068 Stavanger, Norway; Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Opjordsmoen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Ivar Røssberg
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Simonsen
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Zealand Region, Psychiatry Roskilde, Roskilde University and University of Copenhagen, Smedegade 10-16, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Per Vaglum
- Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. 1130 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas McGlashan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Psychiatric Research at Congress Place, 301 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Svein P I Friis
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
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Glenthøj LB, Fagerlund B, Randers L, Hjorthøj CR, Wenneberg C, Krakauer K, Vosgerau A, Gluud C, Medalia A, Roberts DL, Nordentoft M. The FOCUS trial: cognitive remediation plus standard treatment versus standard treatment for patients at ultra-high risk for psychosis: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:25. [PMID: 25623736 PMCID: PMC4318160 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-014-0542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive deficits are a distinct feature among people at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis and pose a barrier to functional recovery. Insufficient evidence exists on how to ameliorate these cognitive deficits in patients at UHR for psychosis and hence improve daily living and quality of life. The aim of the trial is to investigate whether cognitive remediation can improve cognitive and psychosocial function in patients at UHR for psychosis. Methods The FOCUS trial (Function and Overall Cognition in Ultra-high risk States) is a randomised, parallel group, observer-blinded clinical trial enrolling 126 patients meeting the standardised criteria of being at UHR for psychosis. Patients are recruited from psychiatric in- and outpatient facilities in the Copenhagen catchment area. Patients are randomised to one of the two treatment arms: cognitive remediation plus standard treatment versus standard treatment. The cognitive remediation consists of 24 weekly group-based and manualised sessions targeting neurocognition and social cognition. In addition to the group sessions, the patients will be offered 12 individual sessions aiming at maximising the transfer of the effects of the cognitive training to their everyday lives. Follow-up assessments will be conducted at 6 and 12 months after randomisation. The primary outcome is the composite score on the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia at cessation of treatment after 6 months. Secondary outcomes are social and daily functioning, psychosis-like symptoms, negative symptomatology, and depressive symptomatology as measured with the Personal and Social Performance Scale, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Expanded Version, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Discussion This is the first trial to evaluate the effects of neurocognitive and social cognitive remediation in UHR patients. The FOCUS trial results will provide evidence on the effect of targeted and comprehensive cognitive rehabilitation on cognition, daily living, and symptomatology as well as long-term outcome in preventing transition to psychosis in UHR patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT 02098408. Date of registration 18 March 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise B Glenthøj
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Birgitte Fagerlund
- Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark. .,Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Lasse Randers
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Carsten R Hjorthøj
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christina Wenneberg
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Kristine Krakauer
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Astrid Vosgerau
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Centre for Rehabilitation for Brain Injury, DK-2300, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christian Gluud
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Alice Medalia
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - David L Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Schizophrenia and Related Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark.
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Correlation of neurological soft signs and neurocognitive performance in first episode psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:81-8. [PMID: 25110310 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurological soft signs and neurocognitive impairments are commonly observed in first episode psychosis but the correlation of these factors remains controversial. Here, we evaluated 30 patients with remitted first episode psychosis and 30 healthy controls for the presence and severity of neurological soft signs (using the Neurological Evaluation Scale--NES) and for neurocognitive impairments (using seven subtests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery--CANTAB). NES score was higher in patients compared to controls. Neurocognitive impairment was evident in patients in the following domains: working memory, spatial recognition memory, attention set shifting, planning and inhibition. The NES revealed significant correlations with spatial working memory performance and Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shifting (as a component of executive function). These correlations were observed both in patients and in controls. Planning and inhibition showed correlation with the total NES score and the sequencing of complex motor acts in both groups. In addition, spatial span and spatial recognition memory showed significant correlation with total NES score and the sequencing of complex motor acts in controls. The correlation between sequencing of complex motor acts and specific domains of neurocognitive tasks suggests that similar neuroanatomical substrates might be implicated in these processes.
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van Tricht MJ, Bour LJ, Koelman JHTM, Derks EM, Braff DL, de Wilde OM, Boerée T, Linszen DH, de Haan L, Nieman DH. Qualitative and quantitative aspects of information processing in first psychosis: latent class analyses in patients, at-risk subjects, and controls. Psychophysiology 2014; 52:585-93. [PMID: 25376718 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine profiles of information processing deficits in the pathway to first psychosis. Sixty-one subjects at ultrahigh risk (UHR) for psychosis were assessed, of whom 18 converted to a first episode of psychosis (FEP) within the follow-up period. Additionally, 47 FEP and 30 control subjects were included. Using 10 neurophysiological parameters associated with information processing, latent class analyses yielded three classes at baseline. Class membership was related to group status. Within the UHR sample, two classes were found. Transition to psychosis was nominally associated with class membership. Neurophysiological profiles were unstable over time, but associations between specific neurophysiological components at baseline and follow-up were found. We conclude that certain constellations of neurophysiological variables aid in the differentiation between controls and patients in the prodrome and after first psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam J van Tricht
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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37
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Evers LJM, van Amelsvoort TAMJ, Candel MJJM, Boer H, Engelen JJM, Curfs LMG. Psychopathology in adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome and moderate and severe intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2014; 58:915-925. [PMID: 24528781 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with mild or borderline intellectual disability (ID). There are hardly any reports on subjects with 22q11DS with moderate or severe ID, and therefore its behavioural and psychiatric characteristics are unknown. METHOD We describe behavioural and psychiatric characteristics of 33 adults with 22q11DS and a Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) below 55. Participants were divided into two groups: one group having a FSIQ ≤ 55 caused by intellectual decline (n = 21) and one group with a FSIQ ≤ 55 who had always functioned at this level (n = 12). RESULTS High scores on psychopathology sub-scales were found for both subgroups. 22q11DS patients with intellectual decline showed higher rates of co-morbid psychopathology, particularly psychosis. Furthermore, psychosis and intellectual decline were positive correlated. CONCLUSION This is the first report addressing adult patients with 22q11DS and moderate to severe ID. Overall we found high levels of psychopathology with higher scores of psychopathology in the intellectual decline group. Life time psychosis seems to be related to deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J M Evers
- MFCG, Koraalgroup, Heel, The Netherlands; Governor Kremers Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Bora E, Murray RM. Meta-analysis of cognitive deficits in ultra-high risk to psychosis and first-episode psychosis: do the cognitive deficits progress over, or after, the onset of psychosis? Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:744-55. [PMID: 23770934 PMCID: PMC4059428 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbt085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a well-established feature of schizophrenia, and there is evidence suggesting that cognitive deficits are secondary to abnormal neurodevelopment leading to problems in acquiring such abilities. However, it is not clear whether there is also a decline in cognitive performance over, or after, the onset of psychosis. Our objective was to quantitatively examine the longitudinal changes in cognitive function in patients who presented with first-episode psychosis (FEP), ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis, and controls. Electronic databases were searched for the studies published between January 1987 and February 2013. All studies reporting longitudinal cognitive data in FEP and UHR subjects were retrieved. We conducted meta-analyses of 25 studies including 905 patients with FEP, 560 patients at UHR, and 405 healthy controls. The cognitive performances of FEP, UHR, and healthy controls all significantly improved over time. There was no publication bias, and distributions of effect sizes were very homogenous. In FEP, the degree of improvement in verbal working memory and executive functions was significantly associated with reduction in negative symptoms. There was no evidence of cognitive decline in patients with UHR and FEP. In contrast, the cognitive performances of both groups improved at follow-up. These findings suggest that cognitive deficits are already established before the prodromal phases of psychosis. These data support the neurodevelopmental model rather than neurodegenerative and related staging models of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Bora
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Robin M. Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
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Bora E, Lin A, Wood SJ, Yung AR, McGorry PD, Pantelis C. Cognitive deficits in youth with familial and clinical high risk to psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2014; 130:1-15. [PMID: 24611632 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is likely that cognitive deficits are vulnerability markers for developing schizophrenia, as these deficits are already well-established findings in first-episode psychosis. Studies at-risk adolescents and young adults are likely to provide information about cognitive deficits that predate the onset of the illness. METHOD We conducted meta-analyses of studies comparing familial-high risk (FHR) or ultra-high risk (UHR; n = 2113) and healthy controls (n = 1748) in youth studies in which the mean age was between 15 and 29. RESULTS Compared with controls, high risk subjects were impaired in each domain in both UHR (d = 0.34-0.71) and FHR (d = 0.24-0.81). Heterogeneity of effect sizes across studies was modest, increasing confidence to the findings of the current meta-analysis (I(2) = 0-0.18%). In both risk paradigms, co-occurrence of genetic risk with attenuated symptoms was associated with more severe cognitive dysfunction. In UHR, later transition to psychosis was associated with more severe cognitive deficits in all domains (d = 0.31-0.49) except sustained attention. However, cognitive impairment has a limited capacity to predict the outcome of high-risk patients. CONCLUSION Cognitive deficits are already evident in adolescents and young adults who have familial or clinical risk for psychosis. Longitudinal developmental studies are important to reveal timing and trajectory of emergence of such deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bora
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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40
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Merzenich MM, Van Vleet TM, Nahum M. Brain plasticity-based therapeutics. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:385. [PMID: 25018719 PMCID: PMC4072971 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this review article is to summarize how the neuroscience of brain plasticity, exploiting new findings in fundamental, integrative and cognitive neuroscience, is changing the therapeutic landscape for professional communities addressing brain-based disorders and disease. After considering the neurological bases of training-driven neuroplasticity, we shall describe how this neuroscience-guided perspective distinguishes this new approach from (a) the more-behavioral, traditional clinical strategies of professional therapy practitioners, and (b) an even more widely applied pharmaceutical treatment model for neurological and psychiatric treatment domains. With that background, we shall argue that neuroplasticity-based treatments will be an important part of future best-treatment practices in neurological and psychiatric medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas M Van Vleet
- Posit Science Corporation San Francisco, CA, USA ; Medical Research, Department of Veteran Affairs Martinez, CA, USA
| | - Mor Nahum
- Posit Science Corporation San Francisco, CA, USA ; Department of Optometry, University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA
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41
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Rund BR. Does active psychosis cause neurobiological pathology? A critical review of the neurotoxicity hypothesis. Psychol Med 2014; 44:1577-1590. [PMID: 24067164 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713002341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the neurotoxicity hypothesis was launched in 1991, it has generated a great deal of interest and given rise to several studies investigating the validity of the hypothesis that being psychotic has a toxic effect on the brain. The toxicity argument is used to justify early treatment. This review attempts to assess the studies that have addressed the question: Does an active psychosis, indexed by the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), cause neurobiological pathology? METHOD The validity of the hypothesis has been studied primarily by correlation analyses that assess whether there are significant correlations between DUP and changes in neurocognitive functioning or brain structure. In this review, relevant reports were identified by a literature survey. RESULTS Of the 35 studies (33 papers) evaluated, six neurocognitive studies supported the hypothesis and 16 did not. Eight morphology studies supported the hypothesis and five did not. In general, the studies that did not support the neurotoxicity hypothesis were larger in size and had more adequate designs (longitudinal) than those that supported the hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, there is limited empirical evidence for the neurotoxicity hypothesis in the studies reviewed. However, it is possible that there is a threshold value for a toxic effect of psychosis, rather than a linear relationship between DUP and a neurotoxic effect, and that several of the studies evaluated did not have a long enough DUP to detect a toxic effect of active psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Rund
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, and Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
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42
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van Tricht MJ, Ruhrmann S, Arns M, Müller R, Bodatsch M, Velthorst E, Koelman JHTM, Bour LJ, Zurek K, Schultze-Lutter F, Klosterkötter J, Linszen DH, de Haan L, Brockhaus-Dumke A, Nieman DH. Can quantitative EEG measures predict clinical outcome in subjects at Clinical High Risk for psychosis? A prospective multicenter study. Schizophr Res 2014; 153:42-7. [PMID: 24508483 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediction studies in subjects at Clinical High Risk (CHR) for psychosis are hampered by a high proportion of uncertain outcomes. We therefore investigated whether quantitative EEG (QEEG) parameters can contribute to an improved identification of CHR subjects with a later conversion to psychosis. METHODS This investigation was a project within the European Prediction of Psychosis Study (EPOS), a prospective multicenter, naturalistic field study with an 18-month follow-up period. QEEG spectral power and alpha peak frequencies (APF) were determined in 113 CHR subjects. The primary outcome measure was conversion to psychosis. RESULTS Cox regression yielded a model including frontal theta (HR=1.82; [95% CI 1.00-3.32]) and delta (HR=2.60; [95% CI 1.30-5.20]) power, and occipital-parietal APF (HR=.52; [95% CI .35-.80]) as predictors of conversion to psychosis. The resulting equation enabled the development of a prognostic index with three risk classes (hazard rate 0.057 to 0.81). CONCLUSIONS Power in theta and delta ranges and APF contribute to the short-term prediction of psychosis and enable a further stratification of risk in CHR samples. Combined with (other) clinical ratings, EEG parameters may therefore be a useful tool for individualized risk estimation and, consequently, targeted prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam J van Tricht
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Martijn Arns
- Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Netherlands
| | - Ralf Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Mitja Bodatsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johannes H T M Koelman
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lo J Bour
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Katharina Zurek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Don H Linszen
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anke Brockhaus-Dumke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Rheinhessen-Fachklinik Alzey, Germany
| | - Dorien H Nieman
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Lee TY, Shin YS, Shin NY, Kim SN, Jang JH, Kang DH, Kwon JS. Neurocognitive function as a possible marker for remission from clinical high risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2014; 153:48-53. [PMID: 24529365 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies revealed that nonconverters at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis comprise those who later remit from initial CHR state and those who do not remit and continue to have attenuated positive symptoms. CHR subjects who remit symptomatically are comparable to healthy controls for both baseline and longitudinal symptoms. However, the neurocognitive characteristics of this population are still obscure. METHODS Seventy-five CHR subjects and 61 healthy controls were recruited, and their neurocognitive functions were assessed. CHR subjects were divided into converter, remitter, and non-remitter groups according to their clinical state during a 12 to 24month follow-up. RESULTS Only the remitter group was comparable to healthy controls in terms of baseline neurocognitive functions. We observed that remitters showed better performance at baseline on tasks of attention, immediate/delayed verbal memory, verbal fluency, and immediate visual memory compared with converters. Moreover, we found that performance on semantic fluency was significantly improved in remitters but declined in non-remitters over the 2-year follow-up; however, there was no significant difference between these two groups at baseline. CONCLUSION CHR nonconverters who later remit from an initial prodromal state do not show reduced neurocognitive functioning compared with healthy controls at baseline. Therefore, an advanced research diagnostic criterion for a CHR state that considers neurocognitive functions is needed to more precisely predict which patients will develop psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Seul Shin
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Young Shin
- Interdisciplinary Cognitive Science Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hwan Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Cognitive Science Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Schneider M, Schaer M, Mutlu AK, Menghetti S, Glaser B, Debbané M, Eliez S. Clinical and cognitive risk factors for psychotic symptoms in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a transversal and longitudinal approach. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 23:425-36. [PMID: 23999732 PMCID: PMC4042012 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-013-0469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with increased risk for schizophrenia. Better identifying risk factors for the emergence of psychotic symptoms in this population is needed to improve clinical assessment and early interventions. Schizophrenia spectrum disorders, hallucinations and delusions were characterized in an original sample of 104 individuals with 22q11DS. Further analysis of positive and negative symptoms was performed in a subsample of 59 individuals. Finally, longitudinal data available in 56 patients were used to explore the developmental trajectories of psychotic symptoms as well as the associations between psychotic symptoms and cognitive functioning. Schizophrenia spectrum disorders and psychotic symptoms were frequent in adolescent and adults with 22q11DS. The severity of hallucinations and non-persecutory delusional ideas discriminated patients at ultra-high risk for conversion to psychosis. Whereas approximately one-third of patients experienced an emergence of psychotic symptoms during a 4-year interval, 20 % displayed transient symptoms. Individuals with psychotic symptoms were characterized by a lower cognitive functioning in the context of the 22q11DS. The present study adds important data on the characteristics and developmental trajectory of psychotic symptoms in this population. This information may ultimately help clinicians dealing with these patients to reduce the duration of untreated psychosis and improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Schneider
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, 1 David Dufour, CP 50, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland,
| | - Marie Schaer
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, 1 David Dufour, CP 50, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,Stanford Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Stanford University, 1070 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - A. Kadir Mutlu
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, 1 David Dufour, CP 50, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Menghetti
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, 1 David Dufour, CP 50, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bronwyn Glaser
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, 1 David Dufour, CP 50, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Debbané
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, 1 David Dufour, CP 50, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,Adolescence Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, 40 Pont d’Arve, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, 1 David Dufour, CP 50, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Michel Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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45
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Üçok A, Direk N, Koyuncu A, Keskin-Ergen Y, Yüksel Ç, Güler J, Karadayı G, Akturan E, Devrim-Üçok M. Cognitive deficits in clinical and familial high risk groups for psychosis are common as in first episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2013; 151:265-9. [PMID: 24262680 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the neurocognitive functions in individuals with clinical or genetic risk for psychosis, in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and in healthy controls. We compared cognitive functions of 52 individuals at ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis, 53 patients with FES, their 30 healthy siblings (familial high risk group, FHR) and controls. FES group had worse neuropsychological performance than controls in all of the domains. UHR group had worse performance in verbal learning, attention, and working memory than controls. Additionally, individuals at UHR with familial risk had worse performance on executive functions than the control group. FES group had lower global composite score than UHR group, and worse sustained attention than FHR group. FHR group had worse performance on executive functions and attention than controls. We found no difference in cognitive performances of UHR and FHR groups. Cognitive deficits in UHR and FHR groups were largely similar to those with FES. These findings support that cognitive deficits may arise before the first episode of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alp Üçok
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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46
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Abstract
Schizophrenia has historically been considered to be a deteriorating disease, a view reinforced by recent MRI findings of progressive brain tissue loss over the early years of illness. On the other hand, the notion that recovery from schizophrenia is possible is increasingly embraced by consumer and family groups. This review critically examines the evidence from longitudinal studies of (1) clinical outcomes, (2) MRI brain volumes, and (3) cognitive functioning. First, the evidence shows that although approximately 25% of people with schizophrenia have a poor long-term outcome, few of these show the incremental loss of function that is characteristic of neurodegenerative illnesses. Second, MRI studies demonstrate subtle developmental abnormalities at first onset of psychosis and then further decreases in brain tissue volumes; however, these latter decreases are explicable by the effects of antipsychotic medication, substance abuse, and other secondary factors. Third, while patients do show cognitive deficits compared with controls, cognitive functioning does not appear to deteriorate over time. The majority of people with schizophrenia have the potential to achieve long-term remission and functional recovery. The fact that some experience deterioration in functioning over time may reflect poor access, or adherence, to treatment, the effects of concurrent conditions, and social and financial impoverishment. Mental health professionals need to join with patients and their families in understanding that schizophrenia is not a malignant disease that inevitably deteriorates over time but rather one from which most people can achieve a substantial degree of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Zipursky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;,To whom correspondence should be addressed; St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8N3K7, Canada; tel: 905-522-1155 x 36250, fax: 905-381-5633, e-mail:
| | - Thomas J. Reilly
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Robin M. Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
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47
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Rodríguez-Sánchez JM, Ayesa-Arriola R, Pérez-Iglesias R, Periañez JA, Martinez-Garcia O, Gomez-Ruiz E, Tabares-Seisdedos R, Crespo-Facorro B. Course of cognitive deficits in first episode of non-affective psychosis: a 3-year follow-up study. Schizophr Res 2013; 150:121-8. [PMID: 23899999 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunctions are critical determinants of the quality of life and functionality in schizophrenia. Whether the cognitive deficits present at an early stage, are static or change across one's lifespan is still under debate. This study aims to investigate the long-term (3 years) course of cognitive deficits in a large and representative cohort of first episode schizophrenia spectrum patients (N=155),and evaluate their influence on disability. In addition, a healthy control sample (N=43) was also studied for comparison. This study evaluates the performance of patients and controls in a battery of cognitive assessments using baseline, 1-year and 3-year follow-up designs. The results show that, although cognitively outperformed by the controls at any time, the cognitive performance of the patients improved similar to the controls in all cognitive functions except verbal and visual memory. Even though the course of cognitive performance across the sample as a whole was stable, the subgroup of patients who experienced a cognitive decline had worse functionality and lesser amelioration of negative symptoms. Overall, there is no significant deterioration in the cognitive function in a group of first episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients, with the possible exception of tasks that were associated with episodic memory. However, patients whose cognitive performance demonstrated a declining trend may present with a poorer progression in terms of clinical and disability variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Rodríguez-Sánchez
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IFIMAV, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.
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Rausch F, Eifler S, Esser A, Esslinger C, Schirmbeck F, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Zink M. The Early Recognition Inventory ERIraos detects at risk mental states of psychosis with high sensitivity. Compr Psychiatry 2013; 54:1068-76. [PMID: 23759152 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of patients carrying an increased risk of psychosis is one of the most important demands in schizophrenia research. Currently used diagnostic instruments mainly focus on either attenuated psychotic symptoms and brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms or solely cognitive basic symptoms. The "Early Recognition Inventory based on IRAOS" (ERIraos) has been developed as a comprehensive assessment of both symptom groups within one scale. We compared the results obtained by ERIraos with an international standard instrument, the "Comprehensive Assessment of At Risk Mental States" (CAARMS) and applied both scales in a sample of 121 outpatients positively tested on a screening checklist for at risk mental states (ARMS). Subsamples were classified as first episode of psychosis, late ARMS with prevalent attenuated psychotic symptoms and/or brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms, earlier stages of ARMS presenting cognitive basic symptoms as well as a vulnerability group, also differing regarding mean age and psychosocial functioning. Our results point to a higher sensitivity of ERIraos compared to scales that mainly focus on attenuated psychotic symptoms and brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms. A detailed assessment of cognitive basic symptoms seems to be important in early detection, might be an important focus for therapeutic interventions in ARMS patients and might sustain attempts to alleviate cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Rausch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Wood
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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50
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Zaytseva Y, Korsakova N, Agius M, Gurovich I. Neurocognitive functioning in schizophrenia and during the early phases of psychosis: targeting cognitive remediation interventions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:819587. [PMID: 24089689 PMCID: PMC3780553 DOI: 10.1155/2013/819587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent interest in the early course of schizophrenia accentuated altered cognition prior to the onset. Ultrahigh risk (UHR) individuals with attenuated positive symptoms and transient psychotic episodes demonstrate neurocognitive deficits across multiple domains such as memory, executive functioning, and processing speed which are consistent with similar disturbances identified in patients with a first episode of schizophrenia. Cognitive remediation (CR) approaches representing a broad set of activities are aimed to restore or improve cognitive functioning. CR proved to be effective in modulating the cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia but is rarely used in ultrahigh risk individuals. From the clinical prospective, a better understanding of cognitive functioning in at-risk states is essential for the development of optimal early intervention models. In the review, we highlight the intervention targets, notably the specific cognitive deficits in at risk individuals which preceed the transition to psychosis and emphasize the need of the additional studies using CR approaches in UHR group aiming to enhance cognition and therefore mediate functional improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Zaytseva
- Department of Outpatient Psychiatry and Organization of Psychiatric Care, Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Poteshnaya Street 3, Moscow 107076, Russia
| | - Natalya Korsakova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mokhovaya Street 11-9, Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Mark Agius
- Department of Psychiatry, Clare College, University of Cambridge and South Essex Partnership University Foundation Trust, Weller Wing Bedford Hospital, Kempston Road, Bedford MK42 9DJ, UK
| | - Isaac Gurovich
- Department of Outpatient Psychiatry and Organization of Psychiatric Care, Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Poteshnaya Street 3, Moscow 107076, Russia
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