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Willis C, White JD, Minto MS, Quach BC, Han S, Tao R, Shin JH, Deep-Soboslay A, Hyde TM, Mayfield RD, Webb BT, Johnson EO, Kleinman JE, Bierut LJ, Hancock DB. Gene expression differences associated with alcohol use disorder in human brain. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02777-1. [PMID: 39394458 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is a leading cause of preventable death worldwide. To improve understanding of neurobiological mechanisms associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) in humans, we compared gene expression data from deceased individuals with and without AUD across two addiction-relevant brain regions: the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Bulk RNA-seq data from NAc and DLPFC (N ≥50 with AUD, ≥46 non-AUD) were analyzed for differential gene expression using modified negative binomial regression adjusting for technical and biological covariates. The region-level results were meta-analyzed with those from an independent dataset (NNAc = 28 AUD, 29 non-AUD; NPFC = 66 AUD, 77 non-AUD). We further tested for heritability enrichment of AUD-related phenotypes, gene co-expression networks, gene ontology enrichment, and drug repurposing. We identified 176 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 12 in both regions, 78 in NAc only, 86 in DLPFC only) for AUD in our new dataset. After meta-analyzing with published data, we identified 476 AUD DEGs (25 in both regions, 29 in NAc only, 422 in PFC only). Of these DEGs, 17 were significant when looked up in GWAS of problematic alcohol use or drinks per week. Gene co-expression analysis showed both concordant and unique gene networks across brain regions. We also identified 29 and 436 drug compounds that target DEGs from our meta-analysis in NAc and PFC, respectively. This study identified robust AUD-associated DEGs, contributing novel neurobiological insights into AUD and highlighting genes targeted by known drug compounds, generating opportunity for drug repurposing to treat AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn Willis
- GenOmics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Julie D White
- GenOmics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Melyssa S Minto
- GenOmics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Bryan C Quach
- GenOmics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Shizhong Han
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joo Heon Shin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Dayne Mayfield
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Bradley T Webb
- GenOmics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- GenOmics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Fellow Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Joel E Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dana B Hancock
- GenOmics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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2
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Savage JE, Barr PB, Phung T, Lee YH, Zhang Y, McCutcheon VV, Ge T, Smoller JW, Davis LK, Meyers J, Porjesz B, Posthuma D, Mallard TT, Sanchez-Roige S. Genetic Heterogeneity Across Dimensions of Alcohol Use Behaviors. Am J Psychiatry 2024:appiajp20231055. [PMID: 39380376 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20231055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasingly large samples in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for alcohol use behaviors (AUBs) have led to an influx of implicated genes, yet the clinical and functional understanding of these associations remains low, in part because most GWASs do not account for the complex and varied manifestations of AUBs. This study applied a multidimensional framework to investigate the latent genetic structure underlying heterogeneous dimensions of AUBs. METHODS Multimodal assessments (self-report, interview, electronic health records) were obtained from approximately 400,000 UK Biobank participants. GWAS was conducted for 18 distinct AUBs, including consumption, drinking patterns, alcohol problems, and clinical sequelae. Latent genetic factors were identified and carried forward to GWAS using genomic structural equation modeling, followed by functional annotation, genetic correlation, and enrichment analyses to interpret the genetic associations. RESULTS Four latent factors were identified: Problems, Consumption, BeerPref (declining alcohol consumption with a preference for drinking beer), and AtypicalPref (drinking fortified wine and spirits). The latent factors were moderately correlated (rg values, 0.12-0.57) and had distinct patterns of associations, with BeerPref in particular implicating many novel genomic regions. Patterns of regional and cell type-specific gene expression in the brain also differed between the latent factors. CONCLUSIONS Deep phenotyping is an important next step to improve understanding of the genetic etiology of AUBs, in addition to increasing sample size. Further effort is required to uncover the genetic heterogeneity underlying AUBs using methods that account for their complex, multidimensional nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne E Savage
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Savage, Phung, Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers, Porjesz); VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard), and Center for Precision Psychiatry (Ge, Smoller), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Lee, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Zhang); Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (McCutcheon); Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (Davis, Sanchez-Roige); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Peter B Barr
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Savage, Phung, Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers, Porjesz); VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard), and Center for Precision Psychiatry (Ge, Smoller), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Lee, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Zhang); Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (McCutcheon); Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (Davis, Sanchez-Roige); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Tanya Phung
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Savage, Phung, Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers, Porjesz); VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard), and Center for Precision Psychiatry (Ge, Smoller), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Lee, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Zhang); Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (McCutcheon); Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (Davis, Sanchez-Roige); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Younga H Lee
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Savage, Phung, Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers, Porjesz); VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard), and Center for Precision Psychiatry (Ge, Smoller), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Lee, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Zhang); Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (McCutcheon); Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (Davis, Sanchez-Roige); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Yingzhe Zhang
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Savage, Phung, Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers, Porjesz); VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard), and Center for Precision Psychiatry (Ge, Smoller), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Lee, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Zhang); Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (McCutcheon); Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (Davis, Sanchez-Roige); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Savage, Phung, Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers, Porjesz); VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard), and Center for Precision Psychiatry (Ge, Smoller), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Lee, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Zhang); Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (McCutcheon); Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (Davis, Sanchez-Roige); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Tian Ge
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Savage, Phung, Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers, Porjesz); VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard), and Center for Precision Psychiatry (Ge, Smoller), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Lee, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Zhang); Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (McCutcheon); Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (Davis, Sanchez-Roige); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Savage, Phung, Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers, Porjesz); VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard), and Center for Precision Psychiatry (Ge, Smoller), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Lee, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Zhang); Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (McCutcheon); Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (Davis, Sanchez-Roige); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Lea K Davis
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Savage, Phung, Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers, Porjesz); VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard), and Center for Precision Psychiatry (Ge, Smoller), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Lee, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Zhang); Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (McCutcheon); Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (Davis, Sanchez-Roige); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Jacquelyn Meyers
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Savage, Phung, Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers, Porjesz); VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard), and Center for Precision Psychiatry (Ge, Smoller), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Lee, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Zhang); Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (McCutcheon); Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (Davis, Sanchez-Roige); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Savage, Phung, Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers, Porjesz); VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard), and Center for Precision Psychiatry (Ge, Smoller), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Lee, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Zhang); Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (McCutcheon); Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (Davis, Sanchez-Roige); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Savage, Phung, Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers, Porjesz); VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard), and Center for Precision Psychiatry (Ge, Smoller), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Lee, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Zhang); Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (McCutcheon); Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (Davis, Sanchez-Roige); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Travis T Mallard
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Savage, Phung, Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers, Porjesz); VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard), and Center for Precision Psychiatry (Ge, Smoller), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Lee, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Zhang); Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (McCutcheon); Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (Davis, Sanchez-Roige); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Sanchez-Roige)
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Savage, Phung, Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers, Porjesz); VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York (Barr, Meyers); Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard), and Center for Precision Psychiatry (Ge, Smoller), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston (Lee, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge (Lee, Zhang, Ge, Smoller, Mallard); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (Zhang); Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (McCutcheon); Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (Davis, Sanchez-Roige); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (Posthuma); Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Sanchez-Roige)
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3
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Savage JE, de Leeuw CA, Werme J, Dick DM, Posthuma D, van der Sluis S. Refining the scope of genetic influences on alcohol misuse through environmental stratification and gene-environment interaction. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:1853-1865. [PMID: 39198719 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene-environment interaction (G × E) is likely an important influence shaping individual differences in alcohol misuse (AM), yet it has not been extensively studied in molecular genetic research. In this study, we use a series of genome-wide gene-environment interaction (GWEIS) and in silico annotation methods with the aim of improving gene identification and biological understanding of AM. METHODS We carried out GWEIS for four AM phenotypes in the large UK Biobank sample (N = 360,314), with trauma exposure and socioeconomic status (SES) as moderators of the genetic effects. Exploratory analyses compared stratified genome-wide association (GWAS) and GWEIS modeling approaches. We applied functional annotation, gene- and gene-set enrichment, and polygenic score analyses to interpret the GWEIS results. RESULTS GWEIS models showed few genetic variants with significant interaction effects across gene-environment pairs. Enrichment analyses identified moderation by SES of the genes NOXA1, DLGAP1, and UBE2L3 on drinking quantity and the gene IFIT1B on drinking frequency. Except for DLGAP1, these genes have not previously been linked to AM. The most robust results (GWEIS interaction p = 4.59e-09) were seen for SES moderating the effects of variants linked to immune-related genes on a pattern of drinking with versus without meals. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight several genes and a potential mechanism of immune system functioning behind the moderating effect of SES on the genetic influences on AM. Although GWEIS seems to be a preferred approach over stratified GWAS, modeling G × E effects at the molecular level remains a challenge even in large samples. Understanding these effects will require substantial effort and more in-depth phenotypic measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne E Savage
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan A de Leeuw
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josefin Werme
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Addiction Research Center, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, Section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie van der Sluis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, Section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Moyers SA, Doherty EA, Appleseth H, Crockett-Barbera EK, Croff JM. Positive Childhood Experiences are Associated With Alcohol Use in Adolescent and Emerging Adult Females by Adverse Childhood Experiences Dimension. J Adolesc Health 2024:S1054-139X(24)00345-8. [PMID: 39340496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Experiencing multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is associated with alcohol use in female adolescents and emerging adults. Protective and compensatory experiences (PACEs) have been theorized to off-set the health and behavioral consequences from the accumulation of ACEs throughout childhood. This study examines the association between protective experiences and subsequent alcohol and binge alcohol use frequency over one month among female adolescent and emerging adults reporting high and low levels of two ACE dimensions (household dysfunction and emotional abuse/neglect). METHODS One hundred 43 females between the ages of 15-24 who indicated at least one binge episode in the past two weeks completed the six-item ACEs scale, the PACEs scale, and demographics at baseline. Alcohol consumption was measured prospectively over the next month during weekly appointments using the timeline follow back approach. RESULTS Two PACEs factors had significant direct associations, a source of unconditional love was associated with less frequent alcohol use (β = -0.437, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.744, -0.131, exp(β) = 0.65, p = .005) in the context of high household dysfunction; and having a trusted adult to count on for help and advice (β = -1.373, 95% CI -2.283, -0.464, exp(β) = 0.25, p = .003) predicted fewer binge occasions in the context of high emotional abuse/neglect. Regardless of ACE dimension exposure, nonsport social group membership was associated more frequent alcohol use over the month across all ACE dimensions (β = 0.11-0.74, 95% CI -0.11, 0.74, exp(β) = 1.37 - 1.62, p ≤ .002); and having a trusted adult to count on for help and advice was associated with a 5.7 times more frequent of alcohol use among those with low household dysfunction (β = 1.74, 95% CI 0.83, 2.65, exp(β) = 5.70, p < .001). DISCUSSION Few PACE items are associated with direct reductions in alcohol outcomes. Indeed, there is consistently heightened risk associated with nonsport group membership for alcohol use frequency, regardless of experiences of childhood adversity. Future research should identify which protective factors have the most potential to off-set alcohol use by ACE dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susette A Moyers
- Department of Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Emily A Doherty
- Department of Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Hannah Appleseth
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Erica K Crockett-Barbera
- Department of Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Julie M Croff
- Department of Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
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5
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Kim Y, Lane SP, Miller AP, Wilhelmsen KC, Gizer IR. Genetic Risk for Alcohol Use Disorder in Relation to Individual Symptom Criteria: Do Polygenic Indices Provide Unique Information for Understanding Severity and Heterogeneity? MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.09.20.24313762. [PMID: 39399010 PMCID: PMC11469397 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.20.24313762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a heterogenous category with many unique configurations of symptoms. Previous investigations of AUD heterogeneity using molecular genetics methods studied the association between genetic liability and individual AUD symptoms at the latent level or focusing on a small number of genetic variants. Notably, these studies did not investigate potential severity differences between symptoms in their genetic analyses. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the genetic risk for individual AUD symptom criteria by using a polygenic risk score (PRS) approach to assess the relative severity of each AUD symptom and test for associates with AUD symptoms above and beyond a unidimensional AUD construct. An AUD PRS was created using summary statistics obtained from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) models were employed to examine the effect of the PRS on overall AUD severity as well as on individual symptoms after accounting for this overall effect. The phenotypic severity of AUD symptoms was highly correlated with the genetic severity of AUD symptoms ( r = 0.78). Results of MIMIC models indicated that the AUD PRS significantly predicted the AUD factor. Regression paths testing the unique, direct effects of the PRS on individual AUD symptoms, independent of the latent AUD factor, were not significant. These results imply that PRSs derived from GWAS of AUD influence symptom expression through a single genetic factor that is highly correlated with the relative severity of individual symptoms when measured at the phenotypic level. Item-level GWAS of AUD symptoms are needed to further parse heterogeneous symptom expression and allow for more nuanced tests of these conclusions.
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Savage JE, Dick DM, Posthuma D. Drinking motives and alcohol sensitivity mediate multi-dimensional genetic influences on alcohol use behaviors. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.09.20.24314078. [PMID: 39399022 PMCID: PMC11469400 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.20.24314078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Background Genetic influences account for a substantial proportion of individual differences in alcohol use behaviors (AUBs). However, multiple distinct sets of genes are linked to different AUBs, which may explain their dramatic variability in risk factors and manifestations. In this study, we explore whether intermediate neurobiological traits and alcohol-related cognitions mediate the relationship between polygenic scores (PGS) and multiple AUBs, with the aim to better understand processes captured by different genetic profiles. Methods Using results from prior genome-wide association studies, we derived PGS for 6 AUBs in participants from Spit for Science, a longitudinal study of college students in the U.S. (n=4,549). Self-report measures included personality traits, alcohol expectancies, drinking motivations, and alcohol sensitivity measures as well as drinking frequency, drinking quantity, alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms, and maximum drinks in 24 hours. Using linear regression and multiple mediation models, we investigated the direct and indirect effects of PGS on AUBs. Results In univariable regression results, PGSs indexing broad AUB dimensions such as drinks per week (DPW) and AUD predicted higher levels of sensation-seeking and multiple drinking motives, while BeerPref PGSs (indexing a variable pattern of alcohol problems associated with a preference for beer) predicted higher negative urgency and lower alcohol sensitivity. Mediational models indicated strong direct and indirect effects of DPW PGSs on multiple AUBs via social/enhancement drinking motives and alcohol sensitivity, indirect effects of AUD PGSs on AUD symptoms via coping motives, and indirect effects of BeerPref PGS on all AUBs via the joint effect of mediators including alcohol sensitivity. Conclusions These findings provide initial evidence that the genetic influences on different AUBs are associated with and partially mediated by intermediate neurobiological and cognitive factors, which may be more amenable to intervention. Greater focus on drinking motives and alcohol sensitivity is warranted in genetic research, as well as attention to the heterogeneous pathways linking genes to alcohol use outcomes.
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Varodayan FP, Erikson CM, Scroger MV, Roberto M. Noradrenergic mechanisms and circuitry of hyperkatifeia in alcohol use disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01609-3. [PMID: 39304172 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Hyperkatifeia, the manifestation of emotional distress or pain, is a conceptual framework gaining traction throughout the alcohol and other substance use fields as an important driver of addiction. It is well known that previous or current negative life experiences can serve as powerful motivators for excessive alcohol consumption and precipitate the development of an alcohol use disorder (AUD). A major hallmark of later stages of AUD is the emergence of hyperkatifeia during withdrawal, which can persist well into protracted abstinence to drive relapse. Given these complex interactions, understanding the specific neuroadaptations that lie at the intersection of hyperkatifeia and AUD can inform ongoing therapeutic development. Of particular interest is the monoamine norepinephrine (NE). Noradrenergic dysfunction is implicated in AUD, anxiety, chronic stress, depression, and emotional and physical pain. Importantly, there are key sexual dimorphisms within the noradrenergic system that are thought to differentially impact the development and trajectory of AUD in women and men. The present review discusses past and recent work on noradrenergic influences at each stage of the AUD cycle (binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation) through the lens of hyperkatifeia. Evidence from these studies support the prioritization of NE-specific drug development to treat AUD and the identification of AUD subpopulations that may benefit the most from these therapies (e.g., women and people with comorbid chronic pain or anxiety/stress disorders).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence P Varodayan
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - SUNY, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
| | - Chloe M Erikson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marcis V Scroger
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - SUNY, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Vicuña L. Genetic associations with disease in populations with Indigenous American ancestries. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 47Suppl 1:e20230024. [PMID: 39254840 PMCID: PMC11384980 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetic architecture of complex diseases affecting populations with Indigenous American ancestries is poorly understood due to their underrepresentation in genomics studies. While most of the genetic diversity associated with disease trait variation is shared among worldwide populations, a fraction of this component is expected to be unique to each continental group, including Indigenous Americans. Here, I describe the current state of knowledge from genome-wide association studies on Indigenous populations, as well as non-Indigenous populations with partial Indigenous ancestries from the American continent, focusing on disease susceptibility and anthropometric traits. While some studies identified risk alleles unique to Indigenous populations, their effects on trait variation are mostly small. I suggest that the associations rendered by many inter-population studies are probably inflated due to the absence of socio-cultural-economic covariates in the association models. I encourage the inclusion of admixed individuals in future GWAS studies to control for inter-ancestry differences in environmental factors. I suggest that some complex diseases might have arisen as trade-off costs of adaptations to past evolutionary selective pressures. Finally, I discuss how expanding panels with Indigenous ancestries in GWAS studies is key to accurately assess genetic risk in populations from the American continent, thus decreasing global health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Vicuña
- University of Chicago, Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, Chicago, USA
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Johnson B, Alho H, Addolorato G, Lesch OM, Chick J, Liu L, Schuyler V. Low-dose ondansetron: A candidate prospective precision medicine to treat alcohol use disorder endophenotypes. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 127:50-62. [PMID: 38876929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and over 95 million people live with alcohol dependence globally. The estimated heritability of AUD is 50-60 %, and multiple genes are thought to contribute to various endophenotypes of the disease. Previous clinical trials support a precision medicine approach using ondansetron (AD04, a 5-HT3 antagonist) by segregating AUD populations by the bio-genetic endophenotype of specific serotonergic genotypes and the bio-psychosocial endophenotype of the severity of drinking or both. By targeting the modulation of biogenetic signaling within the biopsychosocial context of AUD, low-dose AD04 holds promise in reducing alcohol consumption among affected individuals while minimizing adverse effects. METHODS This was a phase III, 6-month, 25-site, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial using AD04 to treat DSM-V-categorized AUD individuals who were pre-stratified into the endophenotypes of heavy or very heavy drinking individuals and possessed a pre-defined profile of genetic variants related to the serotonin transporter and serotonin-3AB receptor. Participants (N = 303) presented moderate to severe AUD, >80 % were men, mostly in their fifties, and >95 % were of European descent. Low-dose AD04 (approx. 033 mg twice daily) or a matching placebo was administered twice daily for 6 months. Brief Behavioral Compliance Enhancement Treatment (BBCET [53]) was administered every two weeks to enhance medication compliance and clinic attendance. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in the monthly percentage of heavy drinking days, PHDD (-46·7 % (2·7 %), 95 %CI: -52·1 % to -41·2 % vs. -38·1 % (2·9 %), 95 %CI: -43·8 % to -32·5 %, respectively; LS mean difference=-8·5 %; p = 0.03) among AD04-treated vs. placebo-receiving heavy drinking individuals at month 6. Heavy drinking individuals were also less likely to be diagnosed with AUD [Month 1: -32·0 % (2·8 %), 95 %CI: -37·5 % to -26·5 % vs. -23·2 % (2·9 %), 95 %CI: -28·9 to -17·5 %; LS mean difference= -8·8 %; p = 0·026)], and improved on the WHO quality of life BREF scale with a significant effect for at least a 1-level downward shift (OR = 3.4; 95 % CI: 1·03-11·45, p = 0·044). Importantly, heavy drinking individuals, as distinct from very heavy drinking individuals, were the bio-psychosocial endophenotype more predictive of therapeutic response to AD04. AD04 had an exceptional safety and tolerability profile, like the placebo's. CONCLUSIONS In this Phase 3 clinical trial, AD04 was shown to be a promising treatment for currently drinking heavy drinking individuals with AUD who also possess a specific genotypic profile in the serotonin transporter and serotonin-3AB receptor complex. Using AD04 to reduce the harm of AUD in heavy drinking individuals who are currently drinking, without the necessity of abstinence or detoxification from alcohol use, is an important advance in the field of precision medicine. AD04's adverse events profile, which was like placebo, should enhance accessibility and acceptance of modern medical treatment for AUD by lowering the incorrect but commonly perceived stigma of personal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bankole Johnson
- Adial Pharmaceuticals Inc., Division of Biomedical Sciences, Larkin University, Miami, USA.
| | - Hannu Alho
- Addiction Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Addictum Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giovanni Addolorato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Catholic University of Rome, Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Columbus-Gemelli Hospital, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Lei Liu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vinzant Schuyler
- Adial Pharmaceuticals Inc., Division of Biomedical Sciences, Larkin University, Miami, USA
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Salvatore JE, Ohlsson H, Sundquist J, Sundquist K, Kendler KS. Peer Social Genetic Effects and the Etiology of Substance Use Disorders, Major Depression, and Anxiety Disorder in a Swedish National Sample. Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:824-833. [PMID: 39108160 PMCID: PMC11366501 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is growing interest in how peers' genotypes may influence health (i.e., peer social genetic effects). The authors sought to clarify the nature of peer social genetic effects on risk for drug use disorder, alcohol use disorder (AUD), major depression, and anxiety disorder. METHOD Cox models were used with data from a population-based Swedish cohort (N=655,327). Outcomes were drug use disorder, AUD, major depression, and anxiety disorder registrations between ages 17 and 30 from medical, criminal, and pharmacy registries. The authors indexed peer social genetic effects with peers' family genetic risk scores (FGRSs) for the same disorders, which are personalized measures of genetic risk inferred from diagnoses in first- to fifth-degree relatives. RESULTS Across disorders, peer FGRSs predicted increased risks of proband registration (hazard ratio range, 1.01-1.59), with stronger effects for drug use disorder and AUD than for major depression and anxiety disorder. Peer social genetic effects were stronger for school classmates than for geographically proximal peers, and for peers from upper secondary school (ages 16-19) versus peers from lower secondary school (ages 7-16). Peer social genetic effects remained significant following statistical control for sociodemographic confounders, whether peers were affected, and peers' FGRS for educational attainment. Peer social genetic effects were more pronounced for probands at higher genetic risk. CONCLUSIONS The genetic makeup of adolescents' peers has long-reaching consequences on risks for drug use disorder, AUD, major depression, and anxiety disorder. Individuals at high genetic risk are more sensitive to social genetic effects. Alternative hypotheses such as sociodemographic stratification, exposure to affected peers, and genetic predispositions for educational attainment did not explain the risk associated with peer social genetic effects for substance use and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University
| | - Henrik Ohlsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University
| | | | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
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Zhou H, Gelernter J. Human genetics and epigenetics of alcohol use disorder. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172885. [PMID: 39145449 PMCID: PMC11324314 DOI: 10.1172/jci172885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a prominent contributor to global morbidity and mortality. Its complex etiology involves genetics, epigenetics, and environmental factors. We review progress in understanding the genetics and epigenetics of AUD, summarizing the key findings. Advancements in technology over the decades have elevated research from early candidate gene studies to present-day genome-wide scans, unveiling numerous genetic and epigenetic risk factors for AUD. The latest GWAS on more than one million participants identified more than 100 genetic variants, and the largest epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) in blood and brain samples have revealed tissue-specific epigenetic changes. Downstream analyses revealed enriched pathways, genetic correlations with other traits, transcriptome-wide association in brain tissues, and drug-gene interactions for AUD. We also discuss limitations and future directions, including increasing the power of GWAS and EWAS studies as well as expanding the diversity of populations included in these analyses. Larger samples, novel technologies, and analytic approaches are essential; these include whole-genome sequencing, multiomics, single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, deep-learning prediction of variant function, and integrated methods for disease risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science
- Center for Brain and Mind Health
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Genetics, and
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Keller A, Bosk EA, Mendez A, Greenfield B, Flynn C, Everett DelJones G, Julien F, Michael M. Exploring perceptions of genetic risk and the transmission of substance use disorders. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2024; 19:57. [PMID: 39095898 PMCID: PMC11295387 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-024-00470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorders (SUDs) have been consistently shown to exhibit moderate intergenerational continuity (1-3). While much research has examined genetic and social influences on addiction, less attention has been paid to clients' and lay persons' perceptions of genetic influences on the heritability of SUD (4) and implications for treatment. METHODS For this qualitative study, twenty-six structured Working Model of the Child Interviews (WMCI) were conducted with mothers receiving inpatient SUD treatment. These interviews were thematically analyzed for themes related to maternal perceptions around intergenerational transmission of substance use behaviours. RESULTS Findings show that over half of the mothers in this sample were preoccupied with their children's risk factors for addictions. Among this group, 29% spontaneously expressed concerns about their children's genetic risk for addiction, 54% shared worries about their children's propensity for addiction without mentioning the word gene or genetic. Additionally, 37% had challenges in even discussing their children's future when prompted. These concerns mapped onto internal working models of attachment in unexpected ways, with parents who were coded with balanced working models being more likely to discuss intergenerational risk factors and parents with disengaged working models displaying difficulties in discussing their child's future. CONCLUSION This research suggests that the dominant discourse around the brain-disease model of addictions, in its effort to reduce stigma and self-blame, may have unintended downstream consequences for parents' mental models about their children's risks for future addiction. Parents receiving SUD treatment, and the staff who deliver it, may benefit from psychoeducation about the intergenerational transmission of SUD as part of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Keller
- McGill University School of Social Work, 550 Sherbrooke Ouest Suite 100, Tour Est Montreal, Montreal, H3A 1B9, QC, Canada.
| | - Emily A Bosk
- Rutgers University, 390 George St., Room 713, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Alicia Mendez
- School of Social Work, Boston University, 264 Bay State Rd, 02215, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brett Greenfield
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, 390 George St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Carolynn Flynn
- The Center for Great Expectations, Somerset, NJ, 08873, USA
| | | | - Fabrys Julien
- McGill University School of Social Work, 550 Sherbrooke Ouest Suite 100, Tour Est Montreal, Montreal, H3A 1B9, QC, Canada
| | - MacKenzie Michael
- Research Chair in Child Well-Being, McGill University School of Social Work, 550 Sherbrooke Ouest Suite 100, Tour Est Montreal, Montreal, H3A 1B9, QC, Canada
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Bendre M, Checknita D, Todkar A, Åslund C, Hodgins S, Nilsson KW. Good parent-child relationship protects against alcohol use in maltreated adolescent females carrying the MAOA-uVNTR susceptibility allele. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1375363. [PMID: 39104880 PMCID: PMC11298380 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1375363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Risk-allele carriers of a Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene, short-allele (MAOA-S) in males and long-allele (MAOA-L) in females, in the presence of a negative environment, are associated with alcohol misuse. Whether MAOA-S/L alleles also present susceptibility to a positive environment to mitigate the risk of alcohol misuse is unknown. Thus, we assessed the association of the three-way interaction of MAOA, maltreatment, and positive parent-child relationship with alcohol consumption among adolescents. Methods This prospective study included 1416 adolescents (females: 59.88%) aged 16 - 19 years from Sweden, enrolled in the "Survey of Adolescent Life in Västmanland" in 2012. Adolescents self-reported alcohol consumption, maltreatment by a family (FM) or non-family member (NFM), parent-child relationship, and left saliva for MAOA genotyping. Results and discussion We observed sex-dependent results. Females carrying MAOA-L with FM or NFM and a good parent-child relationship reported lower alcohol consumption than those with an average or poor parent-child relationship. In males, the interactions were not significant. Results suggest MAOA-L in females, conventionally regarded as a "risk", is a "plasticity" allele as it is differentially susceptible to negative and positive environments. Results highlight the importance of a good parent-child relationship in mitigating the risk of alcohol misuse in maltreated individuals carrying genetic risk. However, the interactions were not significant after adjusting to several environmental and behavioural covariates, especially parent's alcohol use, negative parent-child relationship, and nicotine use (smoking and/or snus), suggesting predictor and outcome intersection. Future studies and frameworks for preventive strategies should consider these covariates together with alcohol consumption. More studies with larger sample sizes are needed to replicate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Bendre
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - David Checknita
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västerås, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aniruddha Todkar
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Åslund
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västerås, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sheilagh Hodgins
- Centre de Recherche Institut national de psychiatrie légale Philippe-Pinel and Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kent W. Nilsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västerås, Sweden
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Division of Public Health Sciences, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
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Paul SE, Baranger DA, Johnson EC, Jackson JJ, Gorelik AJ, Miller AP, Hatoum AS, Thompson WK, Strube M, Dick DM, Kamarajan C, Kramer JR, Plawecki MH, Chan G, Anokhin AP, Chorlian DB, Kinreich S, Meyers JL, Porjesz B, Edenberg HJ, Agrawal A, Bucholz KK, Bogdan R. Alcohol milestones and internalizing, externalizing, and executive function: longitudinal and polygenic score associations. Psychol Med 2024; 54:2644-2657. [PMID: 38721768 PMCID: PMC11464200 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172400076x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the link between alcohol involvement and behavioral phenotypes (e.g. impulsivity, negative affect, executive function [EF]) is well-established, the directionality of these associations, specificity to stages of alcohol involvement, and extent of shared genetic liability remain unclear. We estimate longitudinal associations between transitions among alcohol milestones, behavioral phenotypes, and indices of genetic risk. METHODS Data came from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (n = 3681; ages 11-36). Alcohol transitions (first: drink, intoxication, alcohol use disorder [AUD] symptom, AUD diagnosis), internalizing, and externalizing phenotypes came from the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism. EF was measured with the Tower of London and Visual Span Tasks. Polygenic scores (PGS) were computed for alcohol-related and behavioral phenotypes. Cox models estimated associations among PGS, behavior, and alcohol milestones. RESULTS Externalizing phenotypes (e.g. conduct disorder symptoms) were associated with future initiation and drinking problems (hazard ratio (HR)⩾1.16). Internalizing (e.g. social anxiety) was associated with hazards for progression from first drink to severe AUD (HR⩾1.55). Initiation and AUD were associated with increased hazards for later depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation (HR⩾1.38), and initiation was associated with increased hazards for future conduct symptoms (HR = 1.60). EF was not associated with alcohol transitions. Drinks per week PGS was linked with increased hazards for alcohol transitions (HR⩾1.06). Problematic alcohol use PGS increased hazards for suicidal ideation (HR = 1.20). CONCLUSIONS Behavioral markers of addiction vulnerability precede and follow alcohol transitions, highlighting dynamic, bidirectional relationships between behavior and emerging addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Paul
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A.A. Baranger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emma C. Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua J. Jackson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aaron J. Gorelik
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alex P. Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexander S. Hatoum
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Population Neuroscience and Genetics (PNG) Center, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Michael Strube
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Addiction Research Center, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John R. Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Martin H. Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Andrey P. Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David B. Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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15
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Moore AS, Stefanovics EA, Jankovsky A, Potenza MN, Pietrzak RH. Sex, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Substance Use Disorders in US Military Veterans: Results From the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. J Addict Med 2024; 18:432-436. [PMID: 38598295 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES US veterans report more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) than nonveterans, and a greater number of ACEs has been linked to substance use disorders (SUDs). To date, however, no study has examined whether specific ACEs may be linked to SUDs in this population in a sex-related fashion. METHODS We analyzed data from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, a nationally representative survey of 4069 US veterans. ACEs, current alcohol use disorder (AUD), and current drug use disorder (DUD) were assessed using validated self-report measures. RESULTS Being raised in a household with people with SUDs was independently associated with current AUD. Childhood sexual abuse and having an incarcerated family member were independently associated with current DUD. Sex moderated associations with specific ACEs. Specifically, female veterans who had experienced physical neglect in childhood or were raised with a mentally ill family member in the home were more likely to endorse current AUD and DUD, whereas male veterans who experienced sexual abuse in childhood or who were raised in a home with someone who used substances were more likely to endorse current AUD and DUD. CONCLUSIONS Results underscore the importance of targeted and sex-sensitive interventions in addressing potentially unresolved childhood traumas as part of treatment efforts for SUDs in veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avalon S Moore
- From the Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (ASM, EAS, AJ, MNP, RHP); US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (EAS, MNP, RHP); US Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Tampa, FL (EAS); Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (MNP); Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT (MNP); Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT (MNP); Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (ASM, AJ, MNP); Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT (MNP); and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (RHP)
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Mignogna KM, Tatom Z, Macleod L, Sergi Z, Nguyen A, Michenkova M, Smith ML, Miles MF. Identification of novel genetic loci and candidate genes for progressive ethanol consumption in diversity outbred mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01902-6. [PMID: 38951586 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Mouse behavioral genetic mapping studies can identify genomic intervals modulating complex traits under well-controlled environmental conditions and have been used to study ethanol behaviors to aid in understanding genetic risk and the neurobiology of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, historically such studies have produced large confidence intervals, thus complicating identification of potential causal candidate genes. Diversity Outbred (DO) mice offer the ability to perform high-resolution quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping on a very genetically diverse background, thus facilitating identification of candidate genes. Here, we studied a population of 636 male DO mice with four weeks of intermittent ethanol access via a three-bottle choice procedure, producing a progressive ethanol consumption phenotype. QTL analysis identified 3 significant (Chrs 3, 4, and 12) and 13 suggestive loci for ethanol-drinking behaviors with narrow confidence intervals (1-4 Mbp for significant QTLs). Results suggested that genetic influences on initial versus progressive ethanol consumption were localized to different genomic intervals. A defined set of positional candidate genes were prioritized using haplotype analysis, identified coding polymorphisms, prefrontal cortex transcriptomics data, human GWAS data and prior rodent gene set data for ethanol or other misused substances. These candidates included Car8, the lone gene with a significant cis-eQTL within a Chr 4 QTL for week four ethanol consumption. These results represent the highest-resolution genetic mapping of ethanol consumption behaviors in mice to date, providing identification of novel loci and candidate genes for study in relation to the neurobiology of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Mignogna
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Zachary Tatom
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Lorna Macleod
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Zachary Sergi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Angel Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Marie Michenkova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Maren L Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael F Miles
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
- VCU Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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17
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Leger BS, Meredith JJ, Ideker T, Sanchez-Roige S, Palmer AA. Rare and common variants associated with alcohol consumption identify a conserved molecular network. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:1704-1715. [PMID: 39031522 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of common variants associated with alcohol consumption. In contrast, genetic studies of alcohol consumption that use rare variants are still in their early stages. No prior studies of alcohol consumption have examined whether common and rare variants implicate the same genes and molecular networks, leaving open the possibility that the two approaches might identify distinct biology. METHODS To address this knowledge gap, we used publicly available alcohol consumption GWAS summary statistics (GSCAN, N = 666,978) and whole exome sequencing data (Genebass, N = 393,099) to identify a set of common and rare variants for alcohol consumption. We used gene-based analysis to implicate genes from common and rare variant analyses, which we then propagated onto a shared molecular network using a network colocalization procedure. RESULTS Gene-based analysis of each dataset implicated 294 (common variants) and 35 (rare variants) genes, including ethanol metabolizing genes ADH1B and ADH1C, which were identified by both analyses, and ANKRD12, GIGYF1, KIF21B, and STK31, which were identified in only the rare variant analysis, but have been associated with other neuropsychiatric traits. Network colocalization revealed significant network overlap between the genes identified via common and rare variants. The shared network identified gene families that function in alcohol metabolism, including ADH, ALDH, CYP, and UGT. Seventy-one of the genes in the shared network were previously implicated in neuropsychiatric or substance use disorders but not alcohol-related behaviors (e.g. EXOC2, EPM2A, and CACNG4). Differential gene expression analysis showed enrichment in the liver and several brain regions. CONCLUSIONS Genes implicated by network colocalization identify shared biology relevant to alcohol consumption, which also underlie neuropsychiatric traits and substance use disorders that are comorbid with alcohol use, providing a more holistic understanding of two disparate sources of genetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany S Leger
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John J Meredith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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18
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Spychala KM, Friedman NP, Gizer IR. Executive Function as an Underlying Mechanism of Alcohol Use, Aggression, and ADHD. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.10.24308620. [PMID: 38946945 PMCID: PMC11213049 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.10.24308620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Executive functioning (EF) has been proposed as a transdiagnostic risk factor for externalizing disorders and behavior more broadly, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), aggression, and alcohol use. Previous research has demonstrated both phenotypic and genetic overlap among these behaviors, but has yet to examine EF as a common causal mechanism. The current study examined reciprocal causal associations between EF and several externalizing behaviors using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods Two-sample MR was conducted to test causal associations between EF and externalizing behaviors. Summary statistics from several genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were used in these analyses, including GWASs of EF, ADHD diagnostic status, drinks per week, aggressive behavior, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnostic status. Multiple estimation methods were employed to account for horizontal pleiotropy (e.g., inverse variance weighted, MR-PRESSO, MR-MIX). Results EF demonstrated significant causal relationships with ADHD (P < 0.01), AUD (P < 0.03), and alcohol consumption (P < 0.01) across several estimation methods. Reciprocally, ADHD showed a significant causal influence on EF (P < 0.03). Nonetheless, caution should be used when interpreting these findings as there was some evidence for horizontal pleiotropy in the effect of EF on ADHD and significant heterogeneity in variant effects in the other relations tested. There were no significant findings for aggression. Conclusions Findings suggest that EF may be a causal mechanism underlying some externalizing behaviors, including ADHD and alcohol use, and that ADHD may also lead to lower performance on EF tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellyn M Spychala
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Naomi P Friedman
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Ian R Gizer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
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Clites BL, Frohock B, Koury EJ, Andersen EC, Pierce JT. Natural variation in protein kinase D modifies alcohol sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.09.598102. [PMID: 38895441 PMCID: PMC11185769 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.09.598102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Differences in naïve alcohol sensitivity between individuals are a strong predictor of later life alcohol use disorders (AUD). However, the genetic bases for alcohol sensitivity (beyond ethanol metabolism) and pharmacological approaches to modulate alcohol sensitivity remain poorly understood. We used a high-throughput behavioral screen to measure acute behavioral sensitivity to alcohol, a model of intoxication, in a genetically diverse set of over 150 wild strains of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We performed a genome-wide association study to identify loci that underlie natural variation in alcohol sensitivity. We identified five quantitative trait loci (QTL) and further show that variants in the C. elegans ortholog of protein kinase D, dkf-2, likely underlie the chromosome V QTL. We found that resistance to intoxication was conferred by dkf-2 loss-of-function mutations as well as partly by a PKD inhibitor in a dkf-2-dependent manner. Protein kinase D might represent a conserved, druggable target to modify alcohol sensitivity with application towards AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Clites
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX
| | - Brooke Frohock
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX
| | - Emily J Koury
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD
| | - Erik C Andersen
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD
| | - Jonathan T Pierce
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX
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20
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Workie HM, Wahlström J, Svensson J, Låftman SB. Perceived parental alcohol problems and drinking patterns among adolescents in Sweden. Addict Behav Rep 2024; 19:100535. [PMID: 38419748 PMCID: PMC10900252 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Much research into the links between parental problematic alcohol use and adolescent substance use has focused on clinically diagnosed parental alcohol disorders. Few prior studies have utilised validated measures of adolescents' perception of parental alcohol problems and considered the severity of these problems. This study examined the associations between the severity of perceived parental alcohol problems and adolescents' drinking patterns in a Swedish national sample. Methods We used survey information from grade 9 and 11 students (15-18 years) from 2021 (n = 9,227). Perceived parental alcohol problems were measured by the short version of The Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST-6). The outcomes were: alcohol consumption during the past 12 months, frequent heavy episodic drinking (HED), and early alcohol debut (before age 14). Sociodemographic characteristics were adjusted for. Results Binary logistic regressions showed that the severity of perceived parental alcohol problems was associated with alcohol consumption during the past 12 months (low severity OR 1.53, p < 0.001; moderate severity OR 1.85, p < 0.001; high severity OR 2.52, p < 0.001), HED (low severity OR 1.16, n.s.; moderate severity OR 1.31, n.s.; high severity OR 1.64, p < 0.01), and early alcohol debut (low severity OR 1.57, p < 0.001; moderate severity OR 1.65, p < 0.001; high severity OR 2.20, p < 0.001). Conclusions Adolescents with perceived parental alcohol problems are more likely to have risky drinking patterns themselves, and the likelihood becomes higher with increased severity. Effective interventions for children whose parents have drinking problems are important, and should also take the severity of the parents' drinking problem into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwot Mezgebe Workie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Wahlström
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Östgötagatan 90, SE-11664 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Brolin Låftman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Gerring ZF, Thorp JG, Treur JL, Verweij KJH, Derks EM. The genetic landscape of substance use disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02547-z. [PMID: 38811691 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Substance use disorders represent a significant public health concern with considerable socioeconomic implications worldwide. Twin and family-based studies have long established a heritable component underlying these disorders. In recent years, genome-wide association studies of large, broadly phenotyped samples have identified regions of the genome that harbour genetic risk variants associated with substance use disorders. These regions have enabled the discovery of putative causal genes and improved our understanding of genetic relationships among substance use disorders and other traits. Furthermore, the integration of these data with clinical information has yielded promising insights into how individuals respond to medications, allowing for the development of personalized treatment approaches based on an individual's genetic profile. This review article provides an overview of recent advances in the genetics of substance use disorders and demonstrates how genetic data may be used to reduce the burden of disease and improve public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary F Gerring
- Translational Neurogenomics Laboratory, Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jackson G Thorp
- Translational Neurogenomics Laboratory, Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jorien L Treur
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karin J H Verweij
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eske M Derks
- Translational Neurogenomics Laboratory, Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Rubio M, Sion A, Centeno ID, Sánchez DM, Rubio G, Luijten M, Barba RJ. Vulnerable at rest? A resting-state EEG study and psychosocial factors of young adult offspring of alcohol-dependent parents. Behav Brain Res 2024; 466:114980. [PMID: 38580199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Offspring of parents with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are more susceptible to developing AUD, with an estimated heritability of around 50%. Vulnerability to AUD in first-degree relatives is influenced by biological factors, such as spontaneous brain activity, and high-risk psychosocial characteristics. However, existing resting-state EEG studies in AUD offspring have shown inconsistent findings regarding theta, alpha, and beta band frequencies. Additionally, research consistently demonstrates an increased risk of internalizing and externalizing disorders, self-regulation difficulties, and interpersonal issues among AUD offspring. METHODS This study aimed to investigate the absolute power of theta, alpha, and beta frequencies in young adult offspring with a family history of AUD compared to individuals without family history. The psychosocial profiles of the offspring were also examined in relation to individuals without a family history of AUD. Furthermore, the study sought to explore the potential association between differences in frequency bands and psychosocial variables. Resting-state EEG recordings were obtained from 31 young adult healthy offspring of alcohol-dependent individuals and 43 participants with no family history of AUD (age range: 16-25 years). Participants also completed self-report questionnaires assessing anxiety and depressive symptoms, impulsivity, emotion regulation, and social involvement. RESULTS The results revealed no significant differences in spontaneous brain activity between the offspring and participants without a family history of AUD. However, in terms of psychosocial factors, the offspring exhibited significantly lower social involvement than the control group. CONCLUSIONS This study does not provide evidence suggesting vulnerability in offspring based on differences in spontaneous brain activity. Moreover, this investigation highlights the importance of interventions aimed at enhancing social connections in offspring. Such interventions can not only reduce the risk of developing AUD, given its strong association with increased feelings of loneliness but also improve the overall well-being of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Rubio
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; 12 de Octubre Biomedical Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Sion
- 12 de Octubre Biomedical Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Gabriel Rubio
- 12 de Octubre Biomedical Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Faculty, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maartje Luijten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa Jurado Barba
- 12 de Octubre Biomedical Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Psychology Department, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
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Kirk-Provencher KT, Sloan ME, Andereas K, Erickson CJ, Hakimi RH, Penner AE, Gowin JL. Neural responses to reward, threat, and emotion regulation and transition to hazardous alcohol use. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agae043. [PMID: 38953742 PMCID: PMC11217988 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Reward processing and regulation of emotions are thought to impact the development of addictive behaviors. In this study, we aimed to determine whether neural responses during reward anticipation, threat appraisal, emotion reactivity, and cognitive reappraisal predicted the transition from low-level to hazardous alcohol use over a 12-month period. METHODS Seventy-eight individuals aged 18-22 with low-level alcohol use [i.e. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) score <7] at baseline were enrolled. They completed reward-based and emotion regulation tasks during magnetic resonance imaging to examine reward anticipation, emotional reactivity, cognitive reappraisal, and threat anticipation (in the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, superior frontal gyrus, and insula, respectively). Participants completed self-report measures at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up time points to determine if they transitioned to hazardous use (as defined by AUDIT scores ≥8). RESULTS Of the 57 participants who completed follow-up, 14 (24.6%) transitioned to hazardous alcohol use. Higher baseline AUDIT scores were associated with greater odds of transitioning to hazardous use (odds ratio = 1.73, 95% confidence interval 1.13-2.66, P = .005). Brain activation to reward, threat, and emotion regulation was not associated with alcohol use. Of the neural variables, the amygdala response to negative imagery was numerically larger in young adults who transitioned to hazardous use (g = 0.31), but this effect was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Baseline drinking levels were significantly associated with the transition to hazardous alcohol use. Studies with larger samples and longer follow-up should test whether the amygdala response to negative emotional imagery can be used to indicate a future transition to hazardous alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn T Kirk-Provencher
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Matthew E Sloan
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen St. W, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Neurosciences and Clinical Translation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St. Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 620 University Ave. Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 479 Spadina Ave. Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Keinada Andereas
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Cooper J Erickson
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Rosa H Hakimi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Anne E Penner
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Joshua L Gowin
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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Malone SG, Davis CN, Piserchia Z, Setzer MR, Toikumo S, Zhou H, Winterlind EL, Gelernter J, Justice A, Leggio L, Rentsch CT, Kranzler HR, Gray JC. Alcohol use disorder and body mass index show genetic pleiotropy and shared neural associations. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.03.24306773. [PMID: 38746260 PMCID: PMC11092735 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.24306773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of co-occurring heavy alcohol consumption and obesity is increasing in the United States. Despite neurobiological overlap in the regulation of alcohol consumption and eating behavior, alcohol- and body mass index (BMI)-related phenotypes show no or minimal genetic correlation. We hypothesized that the lack of genetic correlation is due to mixed effect directions of variants shared by AUD and BMI. Methods We applied MiXeR, to investigate shared genetic architecture between AUD and BMI in individuals of European ancestry. We used conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) analysis to detect loci associated with both phenotypes and their directional effect, Functional Mapping and Annotation (FUMA) to identify lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) samples to examine gene expression enrichment across tissue types, and BrainXcan to evaluate the shared associations of AUD and BMI with brain image-derived phenotypes. Results MiXeR analysis indicated polygenic overlap of 80.9% between AUD and BMI, despite a genetic correlation (r g ) of -.03. ConjFDR analysis yielded 56 lead SNPs with the same effect direction and 76 with the opposite direction. Of the 132 shared lead SNPs, 53 were novel for both AUD and BMI. GTEx analyses identified significant overexpression in the frontal cortex (BA9), hypothalamus, cortex, anterior cingulate cortex (BA24), hippocampus, and amygdala. Amygdala and caudate nucleus gray matter volumes were significantly associated with both AUD and BMI in BrainXcan analyses. Conclusions More than half of variants significantly associated with AUD and BMI had opposite directions of effect for the traits, supporting our hypothesis that this is the basis for their lack of genetic correlation. Follow-up analyses identified brain regions implicated in executive functioning, reward, homeostasis, and food intake regulation. Together, these findings clarify the extensive polygenic overlap between AUD and BMI and elucidate several overlapping neurobiological mechanisms.
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Carlini LE, Fernandez AC, Mellinger JL. Sex and gender in alcohol use disorder and alcohol-associated liver disease in the United States: A narrative review. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00864. [PMID: 38683562 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, there has been an alarming increase in alcohol use and AUD prevalence among women, narrowing the historical gender gap. Concurrently, there has also been a significant rise in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) prevalence, severity, and mortality among women. Despite this, there are no recent reviews that have sought to evaluate both sex and gender differences at the intersection of AUD and ALD. In this narrative review, we address the escalating rates of ALD and AUD in the United States, with a specific focus on the disproportionate impact on women. Sex and gender play an important and well-known role in the pathogenesis and epidemiology of ALD. However, sex and gender are also implicated in the development and prevalence of AUD, as well as in the treatment of AUD, all of which have important consequences on the approach to the treatment of patients with ALD and AUD. A better understanding of sex and gender differences in AUD, ALD, and the intersection of the 2 is essential to enhance prevention, diagnosis, and management strategies. These data underscore the urgent need for awareness and preventive efforts to mitigate the potential long-term health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Carlini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Anne C Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jessica L Mellinger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Wang L, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J, Zhou H. Multi-ancestry Whole-exome Sequencing Study of Alcohol Use Disorder in Two Cohorts. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.05.24305412. [PMID: 38645055 PMCID: PMC11030482 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.24305412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. There has been substantial progress in identifying genetic variants underlying AUD. However, there are few whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies of AUD. We analyzed WES of 4,530 samples from the Yale-Penn cohort and 469,835 samples from the UK Biobank (UKB). After quality control, 1,420 AUD cases and 619 controls of European ancestry (EUR) and 1,142 cases and 608 controls of African ancestry (AFR) from Yale-Penn were retained for subsequent analyses. WES data from 415,617 EUR samples (12,861 cases), 6,142 AFR samples (130 cases) and 4,607 South Asian (SAS) samples (130 cases) from UKB were also analyzed. Single-variant association analysis identified the well-known functional variant rs1229984 in ADH1B ( P =4.88×10 -31 ) and several other common variants in ADH1C . Gene-based tests identified ADH1B ( P =1.00×10 -31 ), ADH1C ( P =5.23×10 -7 ), CNST ( P =1.19×10 -6 ), and IFIT5 (3.74×10 -6 ). This study extends our understanding of the genetic basis of AUD.
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Schmid F, Henry A, Benzerouk F, Barrière S, Portefaix C, Gondrexon J, Obert A, Kaladjian A, Gierski F. Neural activations during cognitive and affective theory of mind processing in healthy adults with a family history of alcohol use disorder. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1034-1044. [PMID: 37753626 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social cognition impairments are a common feature of alcohol use disorders (AUD). However, it remains unclear whether these impairments are solely the consequence of chronic alcohol consumption or whether they could be a marker of vulnerability. METHODS The present study implemented a family history approach to address this question for a key process of social cognition: theory of mind (ToM). Thirty healthy adults with a family history of AUD (FH+) and 30 healthy adults with a negative family history of AUD (FH-), matched for age, sex, and education level, underwent an fMRI cartoon-vignette paradigm assessing cognitive and affective ToM. Participants also completed questionnaires evaluating anxiety, depressive symptoms, childhood trauma, and alexithymia. RESULTS Results indicated that FH+ individuals differed from FH- individuals on affective but not cognitive ToM processing, at both the behavioral and neural levels. At the behavioral level, the FH+ group had lower response accuracy for affective ToM compared with the FH- group. At the neural level, the FH+ group had higher brain activations in the left insula and inferior frontal cortex during affective ToM processing. These activations remained significant when controlling for depressive symptoms, anxiety, and childhood trauma. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight difficulties during affective ToM processing among first-degree relatives of AUD patients, supporting the idea that some of the impairments exhibited by these patients may already be present before the onset of AUD and may be considered a marker of vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schmid
- Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Société (C2S - EA 6291), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - A Henry
- Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Société (C2S - EA 6291), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Psychiatry Department, Marne Public Mental Health Institute & Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - F Benzerouk
- Psychiatry Department, Marne Public Mental Health Institute & Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
- INSERM U1247, Research Group on Alcohol and Dependences, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - S Barrière
- Psychiatry Department, Marne Public Mental Health Institute & Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - C Portefaix
- Radiology Department, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (CReSTIC - EA 3804), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - J Gondrexon
- Psychiatry Department, Marne Public Mental Health Institute & Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - A Obert
- Laboratoire Sciences de la Cognition, Technologie, Ergonomie (SCOTE - EA 7420), Champollion National University Institute, Albi, France
| | - A Kaladjian
- Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Société (C2S - EA 6291), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Psychiatry Department, Marne Public Mental Health Institute & Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - F Gierski
- Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Société (C2S - EA 6291), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Psychiatry Department, Marne Public Mental Health Institute & Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
- INSERM U1247, Research Group on Alcohol and Dependences, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Han MJ, Kim ST, Park CI, Hwang SS, Kim HW, Kang JI, Kim SJ. Serial mediating effects of childhood trauma and conduct behaviors on the impact of family history among patients with alcohol use disorder. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7196. [PMID: 38532019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Family history (FH) of alcoholism increases the risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD); however, the contribution of childhood trauma (CT) in this respect remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between FH and AUD-related clinical characteristics (social onset, antisocial tendency, and severity of problematic alcohol consumption) through the mediating effects of childhood trauma (CT) and conduct behaviors (CB) in a Korean male population with AUD. A total of 304 patients hospitalized for AUD at 16 psychiatric hospitals completed standardized questionnaires, including self-rated scales. Mediation analyses were performed using the SPSS macro PROCESS. Individuals with positive FH (133, 44%) had greater CT and CB and more severe AUD-related clinical characteristics than those without FH (171, 56%). In the present serial mediation model, FH had significant direct and indirect effects on AUD-related clinical characteristics through CT and CB. Indirect effects were 21.3% for social onset, 46.3%, antisocial tendency, and 37.9% for problematic drinking. FH directly contributed to AUD-related clinical characteristics, and CT and CB played mediating roles. This highlights the importance of careful intervention and surveillance of adverse childhood experiences and conduct disorder to prevent and mitigate alcohol-related problems in individuals with FH of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Han
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin Tae Kim
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chun Il Park
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Syung Shick Hwang
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae Won Kim
- Department of Medical Education, Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee In Kang
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Mahrs-Gould R, Jallo N, Svikis D, Ameringer S, Robins J, Elswick RK. Family history of substance problems among African Americans: Associations with drug use, drug use disorder, and prescription drug misuse. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024:1-28. [PMID: 38530153 PMCID: PMC11424775 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2024.2331108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
A family history of substance problems is a well-known risk factor for substance use and use disorders; however, much of this research has been conducted in studies with predominantly White subjects. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between family history density of substance problems and drug use, risk for drug use disorder, and prescription drug misuse in a sample of African American adults. Results indicate that family history density of substance problems increased the risk for all drug outcomes in the full sample. However, when subgroup analyses by gender were conducted, family history was not a risk factor among men for prescription drug misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy Jallo
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Dace Svikis
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Institute for Women's Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Jo Robins
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - R K Elswick
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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de Bejczy A, Addolorato G, Aubin HJ, Guiraud J, Korpi ER, John Nutt D, Witkiewitz K, Söderpalm B. AUD in perspective. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 175:1-19. [PMID: 38555113 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol is a major cause of pre-mature death and individual suffering worldwide, and the importance of diagnosing and treating AUD cannot be overstated. Given the global burden and the high attributable factor of alcohol in a vast number of diseases, the need for additional interventions and the development of new medicines is considered a priority by the World Health Organization (WHO). As of today, AUD is severely under-treated with a treatment gap nearing 90%, strikingly higher than that for other psychiatric disorders. Patients often seek treatment late in the progress of the disease and even among those who seek treatment only a minority receive medication, mirroring the still-prevailing stigma of the disease, and a lack of access to effective treatments, as well as a reluctance to total abstinence. To increase adherence, treatment goals should focus not only on maintaining abstinence, but also on harm reduction and psychosocial functioning. A personalised approach to AUD treatment, with a holistic view, and tailored therapy has the potential to improve AUD treatment outcomes by targeting the heterogeneity in genetics and pathophysiology, as well as reason for, and reaction to drinking. Also, the psychiatric co-morbidity rates are high in AUD and dual diagnosis can worsen symptoms and influence treatment response and should be considered in the treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bejczy
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Giovanni Addolorato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università Cattolica di Roma, Rome, Italy; Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Columbus-Gemelli Hospital, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Henri-Jean Aubin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CESP, Villejuif, France; AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Guiraud
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Vergio, Clichy, France
| | - Esa R Korpi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David John Nutt
- Imperial College London and GABA Labs, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology and Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Bo Söderpalm
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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31
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Koh AP, Smith MI, Dando R. Bitter taste function-related genes are implicated in the behavioral association between taste preference and ethanol preference in male mice. Physiol Behav 2024; 276:114473. [PMID: 38262572 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder in humans is highly heritable, and as a term is synonymous with alcoholism, alcohol dependence, and alcohol addiction. Defined by the NIAAA as a medical condition characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences, the genetic basis of alcohol dependence is much studied. However, an intriguing component to alcohol acceptance exists outside of genetics or social factors. In fact, mice of identical genetic backgrounds without any prior experience of tasting ethanol display widely varying preferences to it, far beyond those seen for typical taste solutions. Here, we hypothesized that a preference for ethanol, which tastes both bitter and sweet to humans, would be influenced by taste function. Using a mouse model of taste behavior, we tested preferences for bitter and sweet in mice that, without training or previous experience, either preferred or avoided ethanol solutions in consumption trials. Data showed clear sex differences, in which male mice that preferred ethanol also preferred a bitter quinine solution, whereas female mice that preferred ethanol also preferred a sweet sucralose solution. Male mice preferring ethanol also exhibited lower expression levels of mRNA for genes encoding the bitter taste receptors T2R26 and T2R37, and the bitter transducing G-protein subunit GNAT3, suggesting that the higher ethanol preference observed in the male mice may be due to bitter signaling, including that arising from ethanol, being weaker in this group. Results further support links between ethanol consumption and taste response, and may be relevant to substance abuse issues in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Koh
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Molly I Smith
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Robin Dando
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
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Stephenson M, Barr P, Thomas N, Cooke M, Latvala A, Rose RJ, Kaprio J, Dick D, Salvatore JE. Patterns and predictors of alcohol misuse trajectories from adolescence through early midlife. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38465371 PMCID: PMC11387953 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
We took a multilevel developmental contextual approach and characterized trajectories of alcohol misuse from adolescence through early midlife, examined genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in those trajectories, and identified adolescent and young adult factors associated with change in alcohol misuse. Data were from two longitudinal population-based studies. FinnTwin16 is a study of Finnish twins assessed at 16, 17, 18, 25, and 35 years (N = 5659; 52% female; 32% monozygotic). The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) is a study of adolescents from the United States, who were assessed at five time points from 1994 to 2018 (N = 18026; 50% female; 64% White, 21% Black, 4% Native American, 7% Asian, 9% Other race/ethnicity). Alcohol misuse was measured as frequency of intoxication in FinnTwin16 and frequency of binge drinking in Add Health. In both samples, trajectories of alcohol misuse were best described by a quadratic growth curve: Alcohol misuse increased across adolescence, peaked in young adulthood, and declined into early midlife. Individual differences in these trajectories were primarily explained by environmental factors. Several adolescent and young adult correlates were related to the course of alcohol misuse, including other substance use, physical and mental health, and parenthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Stephenson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Peter Barr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Nathaniel Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Megan Cooke
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Antti Latvala
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Sreenivasulu M., Prathyusha V, Ezhumalai S, Narayanan G, Murthy P. Adverse Childhood Experiences, Coping and Resilience in Persons with Alcohol Use Disorder and Their Non-drinking Siblings in High-density Families: A Case-control Study. Indian J Psychol Med 2024; 46:139-146. [PMID: 38725730 PMCID: PMC11076933 DOI: 10.1177/02537176231219769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the odds of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Aim To study the ACEs, coping, and resilience in persons with AUD and their non-drinking siblings from high-density families. Methods The study used a case-control study design. Using purposive sampling, 135 participants were selected; the sample consists of persons with AUD (n = 45), non-drinking siblings (n = 45), and healthy controls (n = 45), selected from out-patient and in-patient services from a government-run de-addiction centre in Bengaluru. Individuals were administered an ACEs questionnaire, Brief-COPE, and Connor-Davison Resilience scale. Descriptive statistics, Friedman's test, and Bonferroni's post-hoc test, Binary Logistic Regression were used for analysis. Results ACEs, coping, and resilience significantly differ across the three groups. Persons with AUD and their non-drinking siblings are comparable in terms of ACEs and having dysfunctional family members. Non-drinking siblings and healthy controls have similar coping and resilience. None of the healthy controls had dysfunctional family members. Conclusion ACEs are more prevalent and more frequent in persons with AUD. Individuals with AUD showed higher avoidant coping and lower resilience than their non-drinking siblings and healthy controls. Early identification of ACEs and interventions to build resilience and coping strategies could prevent individuals from developing AUD in high-density families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivasulu M.
- Dept. of Psychiatric Social Work, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasuki Prathyusha
- Dept of Bio-Statistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sinu Ezhumalai
- Dept. of Psychiatric Social Work, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Pratima Murthy
- Dept of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Leger BS, Meredith JJ, Ideker T, Sanchez-Roige S, Palmer AA. Rare and Common Variants Associated with Alcohol Consumption Identify a Conserved Molecular Network. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582195. [PMID: 38464225 PMCID: PMC10925118 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of common variants associated with alcohol consumption. In contrast, rare variants have only begun to be studied for their role in alcohol consumption. No studies have examined whether common and rare variants implicate the same genes and molecular networks. To address this knowledge gap, we used publicly available alcohol consumption GWAS summary statistics (GSCAN, N=666,978) and whole exome sequencing data (Genebass, N=393,099) to identify a set of common and rare variants for alcohol consumption. Gene-based analysis of each dataset have implicated 294 (common variants) and 35 (rare variants) genes, including ethanol metabolizing genes ADH1B and ADH1C, which were identified by both analyses, and ANKRD12, GIGYF1, KIF21B, and STK31, which were identified only by rare variant analysis, but have been associated with related psychiatric traits. We then used a network colocalization procedure to propagate the common and rare gene sets onto a shared molecular network, revealing significant overlap. The shared network identified gene families that function in alcohol metabolism, including ADH, ALDH, CYP, and UGT. 74 of the genes in the network were previously implicated in comorbid psychiatric or substance use disorders, but had not previously been identified for alcohol-related behaviors, including EXOC2, EPM2A, CACNB3, and CACNG4. Differential gene expression analysis showed enrichment in the liver and several brain regions supporting the role of network genes in alcohol consumption. Thus, genes implicated by common and rare variants identify shared functions relevant to alcohol consumption, which also underlie psychiatric traits and substance use disorders that are comorbid with alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany S Leger
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John J Meredith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Thomas NS, Gillespie NA, Chan G, Edenberg HJ, Kamarajan C, Kuo SIC, Miller AP, Nurnberger JI, Tischfield J, Dick DM, Salvatore JE. A Developmentally-Informative Genome-wide Association Study of Alcohol Use Frequency. Behav Genet 2024; 54:151-168. [PMID: 38108996 PMCID: PMC10913412 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary genome-wide association study (GWAS) methods typically do not account for variability in genetic effects throughout development. We applied genomic structural equation modeling to combine developmentally-informative phenotype data and GWAS to create polygenic scores (PGS) for alcohol use frequency that are specific to developmental stage. Longitudinal cohort studies targeted for gene-identification analyses include the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (adolescence n = 1,118, early adulthood n = 2,762, adulthood n = 5,255), the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (adolescence n = 3,089, early adulthood n = 3,993, adulthood n = 5,149), and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; adolescence n = 5,382, early adulthood n = 3,613). PGS validation analyses were conducted in the COGA sample using an alternate version of the discovery analysis with COGA removed. Results suggest that genetic liability for alcohol use frequency in adolescence may be distinct from genetic liability for alcohol use frequency later in developmental periods. The age-specific PGS predicts an increase of 4 drinking days per year per PGS standard deviation when modeled separately from the common factor PGS in adulthood. The current work was underpowered at all steps of the analysis plan. Though small sample sizes and low statistical power limit the substantive conclusions that can be drawn regarding these research questions, this work provides a foundation for future genetic studies of developmental variability in the genetic underpinnings of alcohol use behaviors and genetically-informed, age-matched phenotype prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel S Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA.
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Alex P Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Jay Tischfield
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Rice RC, Gil DV, Baratta AM, Frawley RR, Hill SY, Farris SP, Homanics GE. Inter- and transgenerational heritability of preconception chronic stress or alcohol exposure: Translational outcomes in brain and behavior. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 29:100603. [PMID: 38234394 PMCID: PMC10792982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress and alcohol (ethanol) use are highly interrelated and can change an individual's behavior through molecular adaptations that do not change the DNA sequence, but instead change gene expression. A recent wealth of research has found that these nongenomic changes can be transmitted across generations, which could partially account for the "missing heritability" observed in genome-wide association studies of alcohol use disorder and other stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we summarize the molecular and behavioral outcomes of nongenomic inheritance of chronic stress and ethanol exposure and the germline mechanisms that could give rise to this heritability. In doing so, we outline the need for further research to: (1) Investigate individual germline mechanisms of paternal, maternal, and biparental nongenomic chronic stress- and ethanol-related inheritance; (2) Synthesize and dissect cross-generational chronic stress and ethanol exposure; (3) Determine cross-generational molecular outcomes of preconception ethanol exposure that contribute to alcohol-related disease risk, using cancer as an example. A detailed understanding of the cross-generational nongenomic effects of stress and/or ethanol will yield novel insight into the impact of ancestral perturbations on disease risk across generations and uncover actionable targets to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Rice
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniela V. Gil
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Annalisa M. Baratta
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Remy R. Frawley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shirley Y. Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sean P. Farris
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gregg E. Homanics
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Waller C, Ho A, Batzler A, Geske J, Karpyak V, Biernacka J, Winham S. Genetic correlations of alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder with sex hormone levels in females and males. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3944066. [PMID: 38464231 PMCID: PMC10925434 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3944066/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Alcohol consumption behaviors and alcohol use disorder risk and presentation differ by sex, and these complex traits are associated with blood concentrations of the steroid sex hormones, testosterone and estradiol, and their regulatory binding proteins, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin. Genetic variation is associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder, as well as levels of steroid sex hormones and their binding proteins. Methods To assess the contribution of genetic factors to previously described phenotypic associations between alcohol-use traits and sex-hormone levels, we estimated genetic correlations (rg) using summary statistics from prior published, large sample size genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence, testosterone, estradiol, SHBG, and albumin. Results For alcohol consumption, we observed positive genetic correlation (i.e. genetic effects in the same direction) with total testosterone in males (rg = 0.084, p = 0.007) and trends toward positive genetic correlation with bioavailable testosterone (rg = 0.060, p = 0.084) and SHBG in males (rg = 0.056, p = 0.086) and with albumin in a sex-combined cohort (rg = 0.082, p = 0.015); however in females, we observed positive genetic correlation with SHBG (rg = 0.089, p = 0.004) and a trend toward negative genetic correlation (i.e. genetic effects in opposite directions) with bioavailable testosterone (rg = -0.064, p = 0.032). For alcohol dependence, we observed a trend toward negative genetic correlation with total testosterone in females (rg = -0.106, p = 0.024) and positive genetic correlation with BMI-adjusted SHBG in males (rg = 0.119, p = 0.017). Several of these genetic correlations differed between females and males and were not in the same direction as the corresponding phenotypic associations. Conclusions Findings suggest that shared genetic effects may contribute to positive associations of alcohol consumption with albumin in both sexes, as well as positive associations between alcohol consumption and bioavailable testosterone and between alcohol dependence and SHBG in males. However, relative contributions of heritable and environmental factors to associations between alcohol-use traits and sex-hormone levels may differ by sex, with genetic factors contributing more in males and environmental factors contributing more in females.
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Puga T, Liu Y, Xiao P, Dai R, Dai HD. Genetic and environmental influence on alcohol intent and alcohol sips among U.S. children-Effects across sex, race, and ethnicity. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298456. [PMID: 38359015 PMCID: PMC10868864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol intent (the susceptibility to initiating alcohol use) and alcohol sips (the initiation of alcohol) in youth are a multifactorial puzzle with many components. This research aims to examine the connection between genetic and environmental factors across sex, race and ethnicity. METHODS Data was obtained from the twin hub of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study at baseline (2016-2018). Variance component models were conducted to dissect the additive genetic (A), common (C) and unique environmental (E) effects on alcohol traits. The proportion of the total alcohol phenotypic variation attributable to additive genetic factors is reported as heritability (h2). RESULTS The sample (n = 1,772) included an approximately equal male-female distribution. The 886 same-sex twin pairs were 60.4% dizygotic (DZ), 39.6% monozygotic (MZ), 65.4% non-Hispanic Whites, 13.9% non-Hispanic Blacks, 10.8% of Hispanics with a mean age of 121.2 months. Overall, genetic predisposition was moderate for alcohol intent (h2 = 28%, p = .006) and low for alcohol initiation (h2 = 4%, p = 0.83). Hispanics (h2 = 53%, p < .0001) and Blacks (h2 = 48%, p < .0001) demonstrated higher alcohol intent due to additive genetic factors than Whites (h2 = 34%, p < .0001). Common environmental factors explained more variation in alcohol sips in females (c2 = 63%, p = .001) than in males (c2 = 55%, p = .003). Unique environmental factors largely attributed to alcohol intent, while common environmental factors explained the substantial variation in alcohol initiation. CONCLUSION Sex and racial/ethnic disparities in genetic and environmental risk factors for susceptibility to alcohol initiation can lead to significant health disparities. Certain populations may be at greater risk for alcohol use due to their genetic and ecological factors at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Puga
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kanas City, MO, United States of America
| | - Yadi Liu
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Peng Xiao
- Dept. of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Ran Dai
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Hongying Daisy Dai
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
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Lai D, Kuo SIC, Wetherill L, Aliev F, Zhang M, Abreu M, Schwantes-An TH, Dick D, Francis MW, Johnson EC, Kamarajan C, Kinreich S, Kuperman S, Meyers J, Nurnberger JI, Liu Y, Edenberg HJ, Porjesz B, Agrawal A, Foroud T, Schuckit M, Plawecki MH, Bucholz KK, McCutcheon VV. Associations between alcohol use disorder polygenic score and remission in participants from high-risk families and the Indiana Biobank. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:283-294. [PMID: 38054532 PMCID: PMC10922306 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, ~50% of individuals who meet criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD) during their lifetimes do not remit. We previously reported that a polygenic score for AUD (PGSAUD ) was positively associated with AUD severity as measured by DSM-5 lifetime criterion count, and AUD severity was negatively associated with remission. Thus, we hypothesized that PGSAUD would be negatively associated with remission. METHODS Individuals of European (EA) and African ancestry (AA) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) who met lifetime criteria for AUD, and two EA cohorts ascertained for studies of liver diseases and substance use disorders from the Indiana Biobank were included. In COGA, 12-month remission was defined as any period of ≥12 consecutive months without meeting AUD criteria except craving and was further categorized as abstinent and non-abstinent. In the Indiana Biobank, remission was defined based on ICD codes and could not be further distinguished as abstinent or non-abstinent. Sex and age were included as covariates. COGA analyses included additional adjustment for AUD severity, family history of remission, and AUD treatment history. RESULTS In COGA EA, PGSAUD was negatively associated with 12-month and non-abstinent remission (p ≤ 0.013, βs between -0.15 and -0.10) after adjusting for all covariates. In contrast to the COGA findings, PGSAUD was positively associated with remission (p = 0.004, β = 0.28) in the Indiana Biobank liver diseases cohort but not in the Indiana Biobank substance use disorder cohort (p = 0.17, β = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS PGSAUD was negatively associated with 12-month and non-abstinent remission in COGA EA, independent of behavioral measures of AUD severity and family history of remission. The discrepant results in COGA and the Indiana Biobank could reflect different ascertainment strategies: the Indiana Biobank participants were older and had higher rates of liver disease, suggesting that these individuals remitted due to alcohol-related health conditions that manifested in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Michael Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Marco Abreu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | | | - Emma C. Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, NY
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, NY
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jacquelyn Meyers
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, NY
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, NY
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Marc Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego Medical School, San Diego, CA
| | - Martin H. Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Vivia V. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Kirk‐Provencher KT, Hakimi RH, Andereas K, Penner AE, Gowin JL. Neural response to threat and reward among young adults at risk for alcohol use disorder. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13378. [PMID: 38334006 PMCID: PMC10898840 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is heritable. Thus, young adults with positive family histories represent an at-risk group relative to those without a family history, and if studied at a time when both groups have similar levels of alcohol use, it provides an opportunity to identify neural processing patterns associated with risk for AUD. Previous studies have shown that diminished response to potential reward is associated with genetic risk for AUD, but it is unclear how threat may modulate this response. We used a modified Monetary Incentive Delay task during fMRI to examine neural correlates of the interaction between threat and reward anticipation in a sample of young adults with (n = 31) and without (n = 44) family histories of harmful alcohol use. We found an interaction (p = 0.048) between cue and group in the right nucleus accumbens where the family history positive group showed less differentiation to the anticipation of gaining $5 and losing $5 relative to gaining $0. The family history-positive group also reported less excitement for trials to gain $5 relative to gaining $0 (p < 0.001). Family history-positive individuals showed less activation in the left insula during both safe and threat blocks compared to family history-negative individuals (p = 0.005), but the groups did not differ as a function of threat (p > 0.70). Young adults with, relative to without, enriched risk for AUD may have diminished reward processing via both neural and behavioural markers to potential rewarding and negative consequences. Neural response to threat may not be a contributing factor to risk at this stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn T. Kirk‐Provencher
- Department of Radiology, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Rosa H. Hakimi
- Department of Radiology, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Keinada Andereas
- Department of Radiology, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Anne E. Penner
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Joshua L. Gowin
- Department of Radiology, School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
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Sheerin CM, O’Hara-Payne RK, Lancaster EE, Suarez-Rivas H, Chatzinakos C, Prom-Wormley EC, Peterson RE. Examining interactions between polygenic scores and interpersonal trauma exposure on alcohol consumption and use disorder in an ancestrally diverse college cohort. Front Genet 2024; 14:1274381. [PMID: 38361984 PMCID: PMC10868390 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1274381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Genetic factors impact alcohol consumption and use disorder (AUD), with large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identifying numerous associated variants. Aggregate genetic methods in combination with important environmental factors (e.g., interpersonal trauma [IPT]) can be applied to expand our understanding of the ways by which genetic and environmental variables work together to influence alcohol consumption and disordered use. The present study aimed to detail the relationships between genome-wide polygenic scores (PGS) for alcohol phenotypes (i.e., alcohol consumption and AUD status) and IPT exposure as well as the interaction between them across ancestry. Methods: Data were drawn from the Spit for Science (S4S) study, a US college student population, where participants reported on IPT exposure prior to college and alcohol consumption and problems during college (N = 9,006; ancestry: 21.3% African [AFR], 12.5% Admixed Americas [AMR], 9.6% East Asian [EAS], 48.1% European [EUR], 8.6% South Asian [SAS]). Two trans-ancestry PGS were constructed, one for alcohol consumption and another for AUD, using large-scale GWAS summary statistics from multiple ancestries weighted using PRS-CSx. Regression models were applied to test for the presence of associations between alcohol-PGS and IPT main and interaction effects. Results: In the meta-analysis across ancestry groups, IPT exposure and PGS were significantly associated with alcohol consumption (βIPT = 0.31, P IPT = 0.0002; βPGS = 0.09, P PGS = 0.004) and AUD (ORIPT = 1.12, P IPT = 3.5 × 10-8; ORPGS = 1.02, P PGS = 0.002). No statistically significant interactions were detected between IPT and sex nor between IPT and PGS. When inspecting ancestry specific results, the alcohol consumption-PGS and AUD-PGS were only statistically significant in the EUR ancestry group (βPGS = 0.09, P PGS = 0.04; ORPGS = 1.02, P PGS = 0.022, respectively). Discussion: IPT exposure prior to college was strongly associated with alcohol outcomes in this college-age sample, which could be used as a preventative measure to identify students at high risk for problematic alcohol use. Additionally, results add to developing evidence of polygenic score association in meta-analyzed samples, highlighting the importance of continued efforts to increase ancestral representation in genetic studies and inclusive analytic approaches to increase the generalizability of results from genetic association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Sheerin
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Rowan K. O’Hara-Payne
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Eva E. Lancaster
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Hailie Suarez-Rivas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Chris Chatzinakos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Institute for Genomics in Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Prom-Wormley
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Roseann E. Peterson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Institute for Genomics in Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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Barnett EJ, Onete DG, Salekin A, Faraone SV. Genomic Machine Learning Meta-regression: Insights on Associations of Study Features With Reported Model Performance. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2024; 21:169-177. [PMID: 38109236 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2023.3343808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted with the goal of correctly predicting diagnostic status of a disorder using the combination of genomic data and machine learning. It is often hard to judge which components of a study led to better results and whether better reported results represent a true improvement or an uncorrected bias inflating performance. We extracted information about the methods used and other differentiating features in genomic machine learning models. We used these features in linear regressions predicting model performance. We tested for univariate and multivariate associations as well as interactions between features. Of the models reviewed, 46% used feature selection methods that can lead to data leakage. Across our models, the number of hyperparameter optimizations reported, data leakage due to feature selection, model type, and modeling an autoimmune disorder were significantly associated with an increase in reported model performance. We found a significant, negative interaction between data leakage and training size. Our results suggest that methods susceptible to data leakage are prevalent among genomic machine learning research, resulting in inflated reported performance. Best practice guidelines that promote the avoidance and recognition of data leakage may help the field avoid biased results.
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Icick R, Shadrin A, Holen B, Karadag N, Parker N, O'Connell K, Frei O, Bahrami S, Høegh M, Lagerberg T, Cheng W, Seibert T, Djurovic S, Dale A, Zhou H, Edenberg H, Gelernter J, Smeland O, Hindley G, Andreassen O. Identification of Novel Loci and Cross-Disorder Pleiotropy Through Multi-Ancestry Genome-Wide Analysis of Alcohol Use Disorder in Over One Million Individuals. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3755915. [PMID: 38196616 PMCID: PMC10775504 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3755915/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly heritable and burdensome worldwide. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) can provide new evidence regarding the aetiology of AUD. We report a multi-ancestry GWASs across diverse ancestries focusing on a narrow AUD phenotype, using novel statistical tools in a total sample of 1,041,450 individuals [102,079 cases; European, 75,583; African, 20,689 (mostly African-American); Hispanic American, 3,449; East Asian, 2,254; South Asian, 104; descent]. Cross-ancestry functional analyses were performed with European and African samples. Thirty-seven genome-wide significant loci were identified, of which seven were novel for AUD and six for other alcohol phenotypes. Loci were mapped to genes enriched for brain regions relevant for AUD (striatum, hypothalamus, and prefrontal cortex) and potential drug targets (GABAergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons). African-specific analysis yielded a unique pattern of immune-related gene sets. Polygenic overlap and positive genetic correlations showed extensive shared genetic architecture between AUD and both mental and general medical phenotypes, suggesting they are not only complications of alcohol use but also share genetic liability with AUD. Leveraging a cross-ancestry approach allowed identification of novel genetic loci for AUD and underscores the value of multi-ancestry genetic studies. These findings advance our understanding of AUD risk and clinically-relevant comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Børge Holen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo
| | - Naz Karadag
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo
| | - Nadine Parker
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo
| | - Kevin O'Connell
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo
| | | | - Shahram Bahrami
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo
| | - Margrethe Høegh
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo
| | - Trine Lagerberg
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo
| | - Weiqiu Cheng
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo
| | - Tyler Seibert
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Department of Radiology, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo; NORMENT Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen
| | - Anders Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego
| | | | | | | | - Olav Smeland
- NORMENT Centre for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital
| | - Guy Hindley
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo
| | - Ole Andreassen
- Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo
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Tsermpini EE, Goričar K, Kores Plesničar B, Plemenitaš Ilješ A, Dolžan V. The Disease Model of Addiction: The Impact of Genetic Variability in the Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Pathways on Alcohol Dependance and Comorbid Psychosymptomatology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:20. [PMID: 38275640 PMCID: PMC10812813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of alcohol addiction. However, little is known regarding the effect of genetic, behavioral, psychological, and environmental sources of origin on the inflammation and oxidative stress pathways of patients with alcohol addiction. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of selected common functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms in inflammation and oxidative stress genes on alcohol addiction, and common comorbid psychosymptomatology. Our study included 89 hospitalized alcohol-addicted patients and 93 healthy individuals, all Slovenian males. Their DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and patients were genotyped for PON1 rs705379, rs705381, rs854560, and rs662, SOD2 rs4880, GPX1 rs1050450, IL1B rs1143623, rs16944, and rs1071676, IL6 rs1800795, IL6R rs2228145, and miR146a rs2910164. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for the additive and dominant genetic models, respectively. Our findings suggested the involvement of IL6 rs1800795 in alcohol addiction. Moreover, our data indicated that the genetic variability of SOD2 and PON1, as well as IL1B and IL6R, may be related to comorbid psychosymptomatology, revealing a potential indirect means of association of both the oxidative stress and inflammation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.E.T.); (K.G.)
| | - Katja Goričar
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.E.T.); (K.G.)
| | - Blanka Kores Plesničar
- University Psychiatric Clinic, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Plemenitaš Ilješ
- Department of Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.E.T.); (K.G.)
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Helaakoski V, Zellers S, Hublin C, Ollila HM, Latvala A. Associations between sleep medication use and alcohol consumption over 36 years in Finnish twins. Alcohol 2023:S0741-8329(23)00344-0. [PMID: 38101525 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep medication use is an indicator of underlying sleep problems that might be induced by various factors such as alcohol use. However, the longitudinal relationship between drinking and sleep problems remains poorly understood. We investigated associations between sleep medication and alcohol use throughout adulthood, and examined the role of familial and potential confounding factors contributing to these associations. METHODS We used information of zygosity and self-report questionnaire data over a follow-up period of 36 years from the Older Finnish Twin Cohort (N=13,851). RESULTS Logistic regression analyses suggested consistent associations between sleep medication use and heavy/binge drinking at all four time points (OR range =1.36-3.18, P <0.05), implying that increased drinking is associated with increased sleep medication use over time. Cross-lagged path analyses suggested that moderate/heavy and binge drinking predict sleep medication use at most time points (OR range = 1.15-1.94, P <0.05), whilst sleep medication use predicts subsequent abstaining from alcohol (OR range =2.26-2.47, P <0.05). Within-pair analyses implied that familial factors play a role, and quantitative genetic modelling estimated genetic factors to explain approximately 80% of the lifetime association of sleep medication use with moderate/heavy and binge drinking. CONCLUSIONS Drinking is associated with sleep medication use throughout adulthood. Further, our results suggest that drinking is likely to predict sleep medication use, thereby potentially constituting a risk factor for sleep problems, and that genetic factors contribute to the association. These findings are important in terms of better understanding the development of sleep and alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Helaakoski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Stephanie Zellers
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christer Hublin
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Antti Latvala
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Zhou H, Kember RL, Deak JD, Xu H, Toikumo S, Yuan K, Lind PA, Farajzadeh L, Wang L, Hatoum AS, Johnson J, Lee H, Mallard TT, Xu J, Johnston KJA, Johnson EC, Nielsen TT, Galimberti M, Dao C, Levey DF, Overstreet C, Byrne EM, Gillespie NA, Gordon S, Hickie IB, Whitfield JB, Xu K, Zhao H, Huckins LM, Davis LK, Sanchez-Roige S, Madden PAF, Heath AC, Medland SE, Martin NG, Ge T, Smoller JW, Hougaard DM, Børglum AD, Demontis D, Krystal JH, Gaziano JM, Edenberg HJ, Agrawal A, Justice AC, Stein MB, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J. Multi-ancestry study of the genetics of problematic alcohol use in over 1 million individuals. Nat Med 2023; 29:3184-3192. [PMID: 38062264 PMCID: PMC10719093 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Problematic alcohol use (PAU), a trait that combines alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related problems assessed with a questionnaire, is a leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Here we conducted a large cross-ancestry meta-analysis of PAU in 1,079,947 individuals (European, N = 903,147; African, N = 122,571; Latin American, N = 38,962; East Asian, N = 13,551; and South Asian, N = 1,716 ancestries). We observed a high degree of cross-ancestral similarity in the genetic architecture of PAU and identified 110 independent risk variants in within- and cross-ancestry analyses. Cross-ancestry fine mapping improved the identification of likely causal variants. Prioritizing genes through gene expression and chromatin interaction in brain tissues identified multiple genes associated with PAU. We identified existing medications for potential pharmacological studies by a computational drug repurposing analysis. Cross-ancestry polygenic risk scores showed better performance of association in independent samples than single-ancestry polygenic risk scores. Genetic correlations between PAU and other traits were observed in multiple ancestries, with other substance use traits having the highest correlations. This study advances our knowledge of the genetic etiology of PAU, and these findings may bring possible clinical applicability of genetics insights-together with neuroscience, biology and data science-closer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Section of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph D Deak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sylvanus Toikumo
- Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kai Yuan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Penelope A Lind
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leila Farajzadeh
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica Johnson
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyunjoon Lee
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Travis T Mallard
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Trine Tollerup Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marco Galimberti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cecilia Dao
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel F Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cassie Overstreet
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Enda M Byrne
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Scott Gordon
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John B Whitfield
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura M Huckins
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lea K Davis
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tian Ge
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte Demontis
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- National Center for PTSD, US Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Services, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC), Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Aging and Preventative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amy C Justice
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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47
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Donato S, Ray LA. Neurobiology and the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Review of the Evidence Base. Subst Abuse Rehabil 2023; 14:157-166. [PMID: 38026786 PMCID: PMC10657770 DOI: 10.2147/sar.s409943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a significant public health concern, accounting for a majority of substance use disorder cases in the United States. Treatment for AUD is complex, with multiple intervention points that may be further complicated by genotype and phenotype, resulting in diverse outcomes. In order to better understand the current landscape of AUD treatment, the present review considers different etiological models of AUD and assesses the evidence base of current treatment options. The first section of this review summarizes various etiological models of AUD and presents different approaches to classifying the disorder. Various theories, including neurobiological models, are discussed. The second section presents a comprehensive analysis of available treatment options for AUD, encompassing behavioral and pharmacological interventions and their current evidence base. Finally, this review discusses the ongoing treatment gap and significant factors contributing to low treatment utilization. Together, this review provides an overview of different etiological processes and mechanisms of AUD, as well as summarizes the literature on key treatment approaches. By integrating historical, theoretical, and empirical data, this review aims to inform both researchers and providers with valuable insights to advance AUD treatment approaches and narrow the treatment gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanna Donato
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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48
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Su J, Kuo SIC, Aliev F, Rabinowitz JA, Jamil B, Chan G, Edenberg HJ, Francis M, Hesselbrock V, Kamarajan C, Kinreich S, Kramer J, Lai D, McCutcheon V, Meyers J, Pandey A, Pandey G, Plawecki MH, Schuckit M, Tischfield J, Dick DM. Alcohol use polygenic risk score, social support, and alcohol use among European American and African American adults. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37781861 PMCID: PMC10985050 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. We examined the interactive effects between genome-wide polygenic risk scores for alcohol use (alc-PRS) and social support in relation to alcohol use among European American (EA) and African American (AA) adults across sex and developmental stages (emerging adulthood, young adulthood, and middle adulthood). Data were drawn from 4,011 EA and 1,274 AA adults from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism who were between ages 18-65 and had ever used alcohol. Participants completed the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism and provided saliva or blood samples for genotyping. Results indicated that social support from friends, but not family, moderated the association between alc-PRS and alcohol use among EAs and AAs (only in middle adulthood for AAs); alc-PRS was associated with higher levels of alcohol use when friend support was low, but not when friend support was high. Associations were similar across sex but differed across developmental stages. Findings support the important role of social support from friends in buffering genetic risk for alcohol use among EA and AA adults and highlight the need to consider developmental changes in the role of social support in relation to alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jill A Rabinowitz
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Belal Jamil
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Meredith Francis
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Donbing Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vivia McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Ashwini Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | | | - Marc Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jay Tischfield
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Rutgers Addiction Research Center, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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49
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Johnson EC, Salvatore JE, Lai D, Merikangas AK, Nurnberger JI, Tischfield JA, Xuei X, Kamarajan C, Wetherill L, Rice JP, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, Foroud T, Slesinger PA, Goate AM, Porjesz B, Dick DM, Edenberg HJ, Agrawal A. The collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism: Genetics. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 22:e12856. [PMID: 37387240 PMCID: PMC10550788 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the genetic approaches and results from the family-based Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). COGA was designed during the linkage era to identify genes affecting the risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and related problems, and was among the first AUD-focused studies to subsequently adopt a genome-wide association (GWAS) approach. COGA's family-based structure, multimodal assessment with gold-standard clinical and neurophysiological data, and the availability of prospective longitudinal phenotyping continues to provide insights into the etiology of AUD and related disorders. These include investigations of genetic risk and trajectories of substance use and use disorders, phenome-wide association studies of loci of interest, and investigations of pleiotropy, social genomics, genetic nurture, and within-family comparisons. COGA is one of the few AUD genetics projects that includes a substantial number of participants of African ancestry. The sharing of data and biospecimens has been a cornerstone of the COGA project, and COGA is a key contributor to large-scale GWAS consortia. COGA's wealth of publicly available genetic and extensive phenotyping data continues to provide a unique and adaptable resource for our understanding of the genetic etiology of AUD and related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C. Johnson
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical & Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Alison K. Merikangas
- Department of Biomedical and Health InformaticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - John I. Nurnberger
- Department of Medical & Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | | | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Department of Medical & Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesState University of New York Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical & Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | | | - John P. Rice
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - John R. Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical & Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Paul A. Slesinger
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Alison M. Goate
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and NeurologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesState University of New York Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Medical & Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
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50
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Thijssen AB, Dick DM, Posthuma D, Savage JE. Investigating genetically stratified subgroups to better understand the etiology of alcohol misuse. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4225-4233. [PMID: 37488169 PMCID: PMC10827662 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse (AM) is highly prevalent and harmful, with theorized subgroups differing on internalizing and externalizing dimensions. Despite known heterogeneity, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are usually conducted on unidimensional phenotypes. These approaches have identified important genes related to AM but fail to capture a large part of the heritability, even with recent increases in sample sizes. This study aimed to address phenotypic heterogeneity in GWAS to aid gene finding and to uncover the etiology of different types of AM. Genetic and phenotypic data from 410,414 unrelated individuals of multiple ancestry groups (primarily European) in the UK Biobank were obtained. Mixture modeling was applied to measures of alcohol misuse and internalizing/externalizing psychopathology to uncover phenotypically homogenous subclasses, which were carried forward to GWAS and functional annotation. A four-class model emerged with "low risk", "internalizing-light/non-drinkers", "heavy alcohol use-low impairment", and "broad high risk" classes. SNP heritability ranged from 3 to 18% and both known AM signals and novel signals were captured by genomic risk loci. Class comparisons showed distinct patterns of regional brain tissue enrichment and genetic correlations with internalizing and externalizing phenotypes. Despite some limitations, this study demonstrated the utility of genetic research on homogenous subclasses. Not only were novel genetic signals identified that might be used for follow-up studies, but addressing phenotypic heterogeneity allows for the discovery and investigation of differential genetic vulnerabilities in the development of AM, which is an important step towards the goal of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs B Thijssen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne E Savage
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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