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Wang Z, Lai C, Shen B, Li B, Chen J, Shen X, Huang Z, Yang C, Gao Y. Effects of Evodiamine on Behavior and Hippocampal Neurons through Inhibition of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Modulation of the Renin Angiotensin Pathway in a Mouse Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Nutrients 2024; 16:1957. [PMID: 38931311 PMCID: PMC11207023 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a persistent psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as warfare, natural disasters, or other catastrophic incidents, typically characterized by heightened anxiety, depressive symptoms, and cognitive dysfunction. In this study, animals subjected to single prolonged stress (SPS) were administered evodiamine (EVO) and compared to a positive control group receiving sertraline. The animals were then assessed for alterations in anxiety, depression, and cognitive function. Histological analysis was conducted to examine neuronal changes in the hippocampus. In order to predict the core targets and related mechanisms of evodiamine intervention in PTSD, network pharmacology was used. The metabolic markers pre- and post-drug administration were identified using nontargeted serum metabolomics techniques, and the intersecting Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were screened. Finally, the core targets were validated through molecular docking, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and immunofluorescence staining to confirm the anti-PTSD effects and mechanisms of these targets. As well as improving cognitive impairment, evodiamine reversed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. It also inhibited the reduction in the number of hippocampal neuronal cells and Nissl bodies in SPS mice inhibited angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) levels in the hippocampus of SPS mice, and modulated the renin angiotensin pathway and its associated serum metabolites in brain tissue. Evodiamine shows promise as a potential candidate for alleviating the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Wang
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Z.W.); (C.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (B.S.); (B.L.); (J.C.); (X.S.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chengcai Lai
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Z.W.); (C.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (B.S.); (B.L.); (J.C.); (X.S.); (C.Y.)
| | - Baoying Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (B.S.); (B.L.); (J.C.); (X.S.); (C.Y.)
| | - Bowei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (B.S.); (B.L.); (J.C.); (X.S.); (C.Y.)
| | - Junru Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (B.S.); (B.L.); (J.C.); (X.S.); (C.Y.)
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (B.S.); (B.L.); (J.C.); (X.S.); (C.Y.)
| | - Zhengping Huang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China;
| | - Chunqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (B.S.); (B.L.); (J.C.); (X.S.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yue Gao
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Z.W.); (C.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (B.S.); (B.L.); (J.C.); (X.S.); (C.Y.)
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Veiz E, Kieslich SK, Czesnik D, Herrmann-Lingen C, Meyer T, Staab J. A randomized vagus nerve stimulation study demonstrates that serum aldosterone levels decrease with age in women, but not in men. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14197. [PMID: 37648715 PMCID: PMC10469189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this randomized, sham-controlled study, we explored the effects of acute transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) on serum aldosterone in 20 younger (21-26 years) and 19 older (40-70 years) healthy participants. Blood samples were collected on two different days before and after a 20-min application of active tVNS at the inner tragus or sham stimulation of the earlobe. Irrespective of the stimulation mode, aldosterone levels decreased from pre- to post-stimulation in both the young (active: β = - 1.610 (- 2.855, - 0.365), p = 0.022; sham: β = - 0.857 (- 2.102, 0.388), p = 0.257) and the old cohort (active: β = - 1.969 (- 3.234, - 0.703), p = 0.005; sham: β = - 1.334 (- 2.600, - 0.069), p = 0.063). Although this decline was significant during active tVNS, the difference in estimated β-coefficients between active and sham stimulation was not statistically significant in either cohort. Nevertheless, aldosterone concentrations showed a significant interaction effect between sex and age (p = 0.001). Among all study participants, younger women (23.3 ± 1.6 years) had the highest mineralocorticoid levels (pre active: 172.1 ± 102.0 pg/ml, pre sham: 214.3 ± 82.3 pg/ml), whereas the lowest were observed in older females (59.4 ± 9.4 years) (pre active: 104.9 ± 85.8 pg/ml, pre sham: 81.1 ± 53.8 pg/ml). This post hoc analysis did not suggest that active auricular tVNS reduces serum aldosterone levels compared to sham stimulation in healthy subjects. However, serum aldosterone levels differed among subjects depending on their age and sex, irrespective of tVNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Veiz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susann-Kristin Kieslich
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Czesnik
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Herrmann-Lingen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Julia Staab
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Sumner JA, Cleveland S, Chen T, Gradus JL. Psychological and biological mechanisms linking trauma with cardiovascular disease risk. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:25. [PMID: 36707505 PMCID: PMC9883529 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and experiences of psychological trauma have been associated with subsequent CVD onset. Identifying key pathways connecting trauma with CVD has the potential to inform more targeted screening and intervention efforts to offset elevated cardiovascular risk. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence for key psychological and biological mechanisms linking experiences of trauma with CVD risk. Additionally, we describe various methodologies for measuring these mechanisms in an effort to inform future research related to potential pathways. With regard to mechanisms involving posttraumatic psychopathology, the vast majority of research on psychological distress after trauma and CVD has focused on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), even though posttraumatic psychopathology can manifest in other ways as well. Substantial evidence suggests that PTSD predicts the onset of a range of cardiovascular outcomes in trauma-exposed men and women, yet more research is needed to better understand posttraumatic psychopathology more comprehensively and how it may relate to CVD. Further, dysregulation of numerous biological systems may occur after trauma and in the presence of posttraumatic psychopathology; these processes of immune system dysregulation and elevated inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, renin-angiotensin system dysregulation, and accelerated biological aging may all contribute to subsequent cardiovascular risk, although more research on these pathways in the context of traumatic stress is needed. Given that many of these mechanisms are closely intertwined, future research using a systems biology approach may prove fruitful for elucidating how processes unfold to contribute to CVD after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Sumner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Shiloh Cleveland
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaimie L Gradus
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Seligowski AV, Webber TK, Marvar PJ, Ressler KJ, Philip NS. Involvement of the brain-heart axis in the link between PTSD and cardiovascular disease. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:663-674. [PMID: 35708302 PMCID: PMC9588548 DOI: 10.1002/da.23271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has long been associated with a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A number of mechanisms have been implicated to underlie this brain-heart axis relationship, such as altered functioning of the autonomic nervous system and increased systemic inflammation. While neural alterations have repeatedly been observed in PTSD, they are rarely considered in the PTSD-CVD link. The brain-heart axis is a pathway connecting frontal and limbic brain regions to the brainstem and periphery via the autonomic nervous system and it may be a promising model for understanding CVD risk in PTSD given its overlap with PTSD neural deficits. We first provide a summary of the primary mechanisms implicated in the association between PTSD and CVD. We then review the brain-heart axis and its relevance to PTSD, as well as findings from PTSD trials demonstrating that a number of PTSD treatments have effects on areas of the brain-heart axis. Finally, we discuss sex considerations in the PTSD-CVD link. A critical next step in this study is to determine if PTSD treatments that affect the brain-heart axis (e.g., brain stimulation that improves autonomic function) also reduce the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia V. Seligowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Noah S. Philip
- VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Terock J, Hannemann A, Klinger-König J, Janowitz D, Grabe HJ, Murck H. The neurobiology of childhood trauma-aldosterone and blood pressure changes in a community sample. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:622-630. [PMID: 34906037 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.2018724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood trauma is an important risk factor for the onset and course of psychiatric disorders and particularly major depression. Recently, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, one of the core stress hormone systems, has been demonstrated to be modified by childhood trauma. METHODS Childhood trauma was obtained using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in a community-dwelling sample (N = 2038). Plasma concentrations of renin and aldosterone were measured in subjects with childhood trauma (CT; N = 385) vs. subjects without this experience (NoCT; N = 1653). Multivariable linear regression models were calculated to assess the associations between CTQ, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, renin and aldosterone concentrations, and the ratio of aldosterone and systolic blood pressure (A/SBP). RESULTS CT subjects demonstrated higher plasma aldosterone (A) concentrations, a lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and a higher A/SBP. In addition, both aldosterone concentrations, as well as A/SBP, correlated with the severity of childhood trauma. These findings could not be attributed to differences in concomitant medication. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, childhood trauma was associated with neurobiological markers, which may impact the risk for psychiatric disorders, primarily major depression. The altered A/SBP ratio points to a desensitisation of peripheral mineralocorticoid receptor function, which may be a target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Terock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Anke Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johanna Klinger-König
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DZNE, Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Harald Murck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Murck-Neuroscience LLC, Westfield, NJ, USA
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Angiotensin antagonist inhibits preferential negative memory encoding via decreasing hippocampus activation and its coupling with amygdala. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:970-978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yi L, Lian Y, Ma N, Duan N. A randomized controlled trial of the influence of yoga for women with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. J Transl Med 2022; 20:162. [PMID: 35382845 PMCID: PMC8985332 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Survivors in motor vehicle accident (MVA) may have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yoga is a complementary approach for PTSD therapy. Methods This randomized controlled trial explored whether yoga intervention has effects on reducing the symptoms of PTSD in women survived in MVA. Participants (n = 94) were recruited and randomized into control group or yoga group. Participants attended 6 45-minuite yoga sessions in 12 weeks. Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) were used to assess psychological distress. Results Post-intervention IES-R total score of yoga group was significantly lower than that of control group (p = 0.01). At both post-intervention and 3-months post intervention, the DASS-21 total scores of yoga group were both significantly lower than those of control group (p = 0.043, p = 0.024). Yoga group showed lower anxiety and depression level compared to control group at both post-intervention (p = 0.033, p < 0.001) and post-follow-up (p = 0.004, p = 0.035). Yoga group had lower levels of intrusion and avoidance compared to control group after intervention (p = 0.002, p < 0.001). Conclusion Results illustrate that yoga intervention may alleviate anxiety and depression and improve the symptoms of PTSD in women with PTSD following MVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yi
- The Third Department, Qingdao Mental Health Center, No. 299 Nan Jing Road, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Yunling Lian
- Department of Geriatrics, Qingdao Mental Health Center, No. 299 Nan Jing Road, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Ma
- The Third Department, Qingdao Mental Health Center, No. 299 Nan Jing Road, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China
| | - Ni Duan
- The Third Department, Qingdao Mental Health Center, No. 299 Nan Jing Road, Qingdao, 266034, Shandong, China.
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Kakehi R, Hori H, Yoshida F, Itoh M, Lin M, Niwa M, Narita M, Ino K, Imai R, Sasayama D, Kamo T, Kunugi H, Kim Y. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in adulthood PTSD and childhood maltreatment history. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:967779. [PMID: 36699501 PMCID: PMC9869036 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.967779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence shows that psychological trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with dysfunction in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Besides the HPA axis hormones, recent evidence suggests that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system and genetic factors may be involved in trauma/PTSD as well as in HPA axis regulation. This study attempted to better understand the HPA axis function in relation to PTSD and childhood maltreatment by simultaneously examining RAA system and genetic polymorphisms of candidate genes. Here we studied 69 civilian women with PTSD and 107 healthy control women without DSM-IV-based traumatic experience. Childhood maltreatment history was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. PTSD severity was assessed with the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. Functional disability was assessed with the Sheehan Disability Scale. HPA axis was examined by measuring blood levels of cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEA-S). RAA system was examined by measuring blood renin and aldosterone levels. The FKBP5 rs1360780 and CACNA1C rs1006737 polymorphisms were genotyped. No significant differences were seen between patients and controls in any of the five hormone levels. DHEA-S levels were significantly negatively correlated with overall PTSD severity (p = 0.003) and functional disability (p = 0.008). A two-way analysis of variance with diagnostic groups and genotypes as fixed factors revealed that patients with the rs1006737 A-allele had significantly lower DHEA-S levels than patients with the GG genotype (p = 0.002) and controls with the A-allele (p = 0.006). Childhood maltreatment history was not significantly correlated with any of the five hormone levels. These results were generally unchanged after controlling for the potentially confounding effect of age, depression, and anxiety. Our findings suggest that lower DHEA-S levels could indicate more severe subtype of PTSD, the association of which might be partly modified by the CACNA1C polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Kakehi
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Nursing, Wayō Women's University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Yoshida
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Itoh
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mingming Lin
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Niwa
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Narita
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Ino
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Risa Imai
- Risa Irinaka Mental Clinic, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daimei Sasayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toshiko Kamo
- Wakamatsu-cho Mental and Skin Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Kim
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
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Gideon A, Sauter C, Pruessner JC, Farine DR, Wirtz PH. Determinants and Mechanisms of the Renin-Aldosterone Stress Response. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:50-63. [PMID: 34611113 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a relevant role in regulating blood pressure and thus maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Although it was recently shown that RAAS parameters are responsive to acute psychosocial stress, the psychobiological determinants of the acute stress-induced RAAS activation have not yet been investigated. In a randomized placebo-controlled design, we investigated potential psychological and physiological determinants of the RAAS response and underlying mechanisms. METHODS Fifty-seven young healthy male participants underwent either an acute standardized psychosocial stress test or a nonstress placebo task. We measured aldosterone in plasma and saliva, as well as renin, and the stress-reactive endocrine measures adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), epinephrine, and norepinephrine in plasma at rest, immediately after the task and several times up to 3 hours thereafter. Moreover, we assessed stress-reactive psychological (anticipatory cognitive stress appraisal, mood, physical discomfort) and basal demographic-physiological measures (age, body mass index, blood pressure). RESULTS Acute psychosocial stress elicited changes in all assessed endocrine (p values ≤ .028, ηp2 values ≥ 0.07) and stress-reactive psychological measures (p values ≤ .003, ηp2 values ≥ 0.15). The basal parameter body mass index, the stress-reactive endocrine parameters ACTH and norepinephrine, and the psychological parameter anticipatory stress appraisal were identified as determinants of higher RAAS parameter reactivity to acute psychosocial stress. The association between anticipatory cognitive stress appraisal and plasma RAAS measures was fully mediated by ACTH increases (p values ≤ .044, ηp2 values ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cognitive stress appraisal processes seem to modulate RAAS stress reactivity. This points to potential clinical implications for psychoeducative therapeutical interventions targeting stress appraisal processes to reduce endocrine stress reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Gideon
- From the Biological Work and Health Psychology (Gideon, Sauter, Wirtz) and Clinical Neuropsychology (Pruessner), University of Konstanz; Department of Collective Behaviour (Farine), Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour; and Department of Biology (Farine) and Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour (Pruessner, Farine, Wirtz), University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Sfera A, Osorio C, Rahman L, Zapata-Martín del Campo CM, Maldonado JC, Jafri N, Cummings MA, Maurer S, Kozlakidis Z. PTSD as an Endothelial Disease: Insights From COVID-19. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:770387. [PMID: 34776871 PMCID: PMC8586713 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.770387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, has affected almost every aspect of human life, precipitating stress-related pathology in vulnerable individuals. As the prevalence rate of posttraumatic stress disorder in pandemic survivors exceeds that of the general and special populations, the virus may predispose to this disorder by directly interfering with the stress-processing pathways. The SARS-CoV-2 interactome has identified several antigens that may disrupt the blood-brain-barrier by inducing premature senescence in many cell types, including the cerebral endothelial cells. This enables the stress molecules, including angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, to aberrantly activate the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex, increasing the vulnerability to stress related disorders. This is supported by observing the beneficial effects of angiotensin receptor blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in both posttraumatic stress disorder and SARS-CoV-2 critical illness. In this narrative review, we take a closer look at the virus-host dialog and its impact on the renin-angiotensin system, mitochondrial fitness, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. We discuss the role of furin cleaving site, the fibrinolytic system, and Sigma-1 receptor in the pathogenesis of psychological trauma. In other words, learning from the virus, clarify the molecular underpinnings of stress related disorders, and design better therapies for these conditions. In this context, we emphasize new potential treatments, including furin and bromodomains inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Sfera
- Department of Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Carolina Osorio
- Department of Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Leah Rahman
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | | | - Jose Campo Maldonado
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States
| | - Nyla Jafri
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | | | - Steve Maurer
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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König S, Engl C, Bayer M, Escolano-Lozano F, Rittner H, Rebhorn C, Birklein F. Substance P Serum Degradation in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome - Another Piece of the Puzzle? THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2021; 23:501-507. [PMID: 34678467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we demonstrated that the serum peptidase system might be less efficient in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Since the neuropeptide substanc P (SP) contributes to inflammation in CRPS, we now investigated the metabolism of SP in CRPS specifically. An SP metabolism assay was performed in 24 CRPS patients, which constitute a subgroup of our previous investigation on BK degradation. In addition, we included 26 healthy controls (24 newly recruited plus 2 from our previous investigation), and 13 patients after limb trauma, who did not fulfil the CRPS diagnostic criteria (trauma controls, TC) were included. We adapted a thin layer chromatography assay (TLC) to quantify SP disappearance after incubation with 7.5 µL of serum. These results were compared with bradykinin (BK) metabolization to BK1-8 and BK1-5 fragments from our previous study. In addition, TC were clinically and quantitative sensory testing (QST) phenotyped; the phenotyping of CRPS patients was retrieved from our existing database. SP metabolism was less efficient in CRPS and TC patient serum vs human control (HC) serum (P < .03) suggesting reduced activity of the neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and/or the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Together with the decreased occurrence of BK1-5 fragment in CRPS and TC, this suggests a reduced activation of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). There was no clear clinical phenotype related to impaired SP degradation; duration of disease and gender were also not associated. Most importantly, results in TC did not differ from CRPS. Collectively, our current and previous experimental results suggest that limb trauma reduces serum peptidase metabolism of SP ex vivo, specifically serum ACE activity. However, this finding is not CRPS-specific and seems to be rather a long-term consequence of the trauma itself. PERSPECTIVE: The experimental data from this study further support the hypothesis that impaired metabolism of inflammatory peptides potentially contribute to the development of posttraumatic pain in CRPS or limb trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone König
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Engl
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Malte Bayer
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabiola Escolano-Lozano
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heike Rittner
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cora Rebhorn
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Birklein
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Nishimi K, Adler GK, Roberts AL, Sumner JA, Jung SJ, Chen Q, Tworoger S, Koenen KC, Kubzansky LD. Associations of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder with aldosterone in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 132:105341. [PMID: 34217044 PMCID: PMC8487934 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, however, underlying mechanisms have not been fully specified. PTSD is associated with stress-related hormones, including dysregulated glucocorticoid activity. Dysregulation of aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid activated by psychological stress and implicated in cardiovascular damage, may be a relevant pathway linking PTSD and cardiovascular risk. Few studies to date have evaluated the association between PTSD and aldosterone, none with repeated measures of aldosterone. We examined if trauma and PTSD were associated with altered aldosterone levels relative to women unexposed to trauma. METHODS The association of trauma exposure and chronic PTSD with plasma aldosterone levels was investigated in 521 middle-aged women in the Nurses' Health Study II. Aldosterone was assessed at two time points, 10-16 years apart, and trauma exposure and PTSD were also ascertained for both time points. Regarding exposure assessment, women were characterized based on a structured diagnostic interview as: having chronic PTSD (PTSD at both time points; n = 174); being trauma-exposed (trauma exposure at first time point but no PTSD; n = 174); and being unexposed (no trauma exposure at either time point; reference group for all analyses; n = 173). Linear mixed models examined associations of trauma and PTSD status with log-transformed aldosterone levels, adjusting for covariates and health-related variables that may confound or lie on the pathway between PTSD and altered aldosterone levels. RESULTS Across the sample, mean aldosterone concentration decreased over time. Adjusting for covariates, women with chronic PTSD had significantly lower aldosterone levels averaged over time, compared to women unexposed to trauma (β = - 0.08, p = 0.04). Interactions between trauma/PTSD group and time were not significant, indicating change in aldosterone over time did not differ by trauma/PTSD status. Post-hoc exploratory analyses suggested that menopausal status partially mediated the relationship between chronic PTSD status and aldosterone level, such that postmenopausal status explained 7% of the effect of PTSD on aldosterone. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that PTSD is associated with lower levels of aldosterone. Further work is needed to understand implications of this type of dysregulation in a key biological stress system for cardiovascular and other health outcomes previously linked with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Nishimi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Gail K. Adler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Andrea L. Roberts
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jennifer A. Sumner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Sun Jae Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 S. Korea
| | - Qixuan Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th St. New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Shelley Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Karestan C. Koenen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Stein MB, Jain S, Simon NM, West JC, Marvar PJ, Bui E, He F, Benedek DM, Cassano P, Griffith JL, Howlett J, Malgaroli M, Melaragno A, Seligowski AV, Shu IW, Song S, Szuhany K, Taylor CT, Ressler KJ. Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of the Angiotensin Receptor Antagonist Losartan for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:473-481. [PMID: 34275593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based pharmacological treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are few and of limited efficacy. Previous work suggests that angiotensin type 1 receptor inhibition facilitates fear inhibition and extinction, important for recovery from PTSD. This study tests the efficacy of the angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist losartan, an antihypertensive drug, repurposed for the treatment of PTSD. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted for 10 weeks in 149 men and women meeting DSM-5 PTSD criteria. Losartan (vs. placebo) was flexibly titrated from 25 to 100 mg/day by week 6 and held at highest tolerated dose until week 10. Primary outcome was the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) change score at 10 weeks from baseline. A key secondary outcome was change in CAPS-5 associated with a single nucleotide polymorphism of the ACE gene. Additional secondary outcomes included changes in the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and proportion of responders with a Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale of "much improved" or "very much improved." RESULTS Both groups had robust improvement in PTSD symptoms, but there was no significant difference on the primary end point, CAPS-5 measured as week 10 change from baseline, between losartan and placebo (mean change difference, 0.9, 95% confidence interval, -3.2 to 5.0). There was no significant difference in the proportion of Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale responders for losartan (58.6%) versus placebo (57.9%), no significant differences in changes in PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 or Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and no association between ACE genotype and CAPS-5 improvement on losartan. CONCLUSIONS At these doses and durations, there was no significant benefit of losartan compared with placebo for the treatment of PTSD. We discuss implications for failure to determine the benefit of a repurposed drug with strong a priori expectations of success based on preclinical and epidemiological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.
| | - Sonia Jain
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Naomi M Simon
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - James C West
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Eric Bui
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Feng He
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - David M Benedek
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paolo Cassano
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jonathan Howlett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Matteo Malgaroli
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Andrew Melaragno
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonia V Seligowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - I-Wei Shu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Suzan Song
- George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Kristin Szuhany
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Charles T Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.
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Jiang X, Sui W. Serum KIM-1, NGAL, and NAG Levels and Correlation with the Diagnostic Value in Patients with Fracture Traumatic Shock. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:3063229. [PMID: 34434244 PMCID: PMC8382536 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3063229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic shock is the most common cause of serious adverse outcomes in patients with severe traumatic diseases such as fractures, and some studies here have shown that the main cause of death from traumatic shock is the impairment of organ function that occurs after shock. In this study, we explored the role of serum kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatin-related lipid transporter protein (NGAL), and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosidase (NAG) levels in evaluating and diagnosing the condition of patients with fracture traumatic shock based on the goal of contributing to the clinical diagnosis of the patient's condition as soon as possible and taking measures to alleviate its progress. 96 patients with fracture traumatic shock were included in the study as the observation group and 58 healthy examiners as the control group, and the observation group was divided into 69 cases in the mild-moderate group and 27 cases in the severe group according to the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Status Scale (APACHE-II). In this study, we detected and analyzed the differences in serum KIM-1, NGAL, and NAG levels between the observation group and the control group and the observation group with different disease levels. We found that the observation group was significantly higher than the control group, and the severe patients were higher than the mild to moderate patients, and we observed that serum KIM-1, NGAL, and NAG are significantly correlated with the condition of patients with fracture traumatic shock after further analysis using the Pearson model. In addition, the diagnostic value of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the AUC of serum KIM-1 for the diagnosis of fracture traumatic shock was 0.755, the AUC of serum NGAL was 0.750, the AUC of serum NAG was 0.772, and the AUC of the combination of the three indicators was 0.915. The results of this study thus suggest the possibility of serum KIM-1, NGAL, and NAG as clinical indicators for evaluating the condition of patients with fracture traumatic shock and the possibility of a combined test of serum KIM-1, NGAL, and NAG for diagnosing the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhuji People's Hospital, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China
| | - Wei Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, China
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15
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König S, Steinebrey N, Herrnberger M, Escolano-Lozano F, Schlereth T, Rebhorn C, Birklein F. Reduced serum protease activity in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: The impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme and carboxypeptidases. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114307. [PMID: 34392129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) occurs in about 2% of patients after fracture of the limbs. In an earlier clinical study with 102 probands we have shown that the serum protease network in CRPS might be less effective. Based on these results we hypothesized that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and carboxypeptidase N (CPN) activity contribute to the differences of labeled bradykinin (DBK) degradation by patients' sera. Details of the enzymatic processes remained however unclear. The contributions of ACE and CPN in the serum degradation of DBK were studied using specific inhibitors. CPN1-ELISA was performed in serum. It was confirmed that the majority of DBK was degraded by ACE and CPN. The data delivered proof that the ACE serum activity was lowered in CRPS. High-resolution mass spectrometry was additionally used for protein expression analysis of sera of above study cohort (CRPS vs. healthy probands). According to principal component analysis of these data, significant differences between CRPS and control samples only occurred in sera of females younger than 46 years. In these CRPS patients, a number of defence / immunity-related proteins and members of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) protein network were regulated. The impact of CPN in CRPS pathophysiology is subject to further investigation. The data support the hypothesis that both the RAS and the innate immune system might be affected in CRPS. A database of regulated serum proteins was established for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone König
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Germany.
| | - Nico Steinebrey
- Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Myriam Herrnberger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabiola Escolano-Lozano
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Schlereth
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Deutsche Klinik Für Diagnostik, DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Cora Rebhorn
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Birklein
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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16
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The renin-angiotensin system in PTSD: a replication and extension. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:750-755. [PMID: 33318633 PMCID: PMC8026983 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prior observational studies have suggested that medications targeting the renin-angiotensin system, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), may be associated with decreased PTSD symptoms. Given known sex differences in PTSD prevalence and cardiovascular disease, here we tested whether the effects of ACE-I/ARB status on PTSD differ by sex. We also expanded these observations with replication analyses in a large biorepository database. Participants in the initial sample included 840 trauma-exposed individuals recruited as part of the Grady Trauma Project. The Modified PTSD Symptom Scale (M-PSS) was administered and ACE-I/ARB status was determined by self-report. Replication analyses were conducted using a large biorepository database (Partners Healthcare Biobank, N = 116,389) with diagnoses and medication status based on available electronic health records. Among individuals treated with ACE-Is/ARBs in the initial sample, women had significantly higher M-PSS total and Re-experiencing severity compared to men (p's < 0.05). Analyses with the large biorepository sample robustly replicated the overall effects of ACE-I/ARB medication associated with lower rate of PTSD diagnosis (p < 0.001). We also demonstrated that this effect may be specific to the renin-angiotensin system as it did not replicate for beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or diuretics. When we examined more specific drug classes, results indicated that the ACE-I/ARB effect on PTSD may be driven more by ARBs (e.g., Losartan) than by ACE-Is. Post-hoc analyses indicated that racial differences may exist in these effects. Overall, our results replicate and extend prior observations that the renin-angiotensin system is associated with PTSD. Medications targeting this system may be worthy of further investigation for PTSD treatment. Our findings suggest that sex and race effects should be considered in future treatment research.
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17
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Limbic Neuropeptidergic Modulators of Emotion and Their Therapeutic Potential for Anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. J Neurosci 2021; 41:901-910. [PMID: 33472824 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1647-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by hypervigilance, increased reactivity to unpredictable versus predictable threat signals, deficits in fear extinction, and an inability to discriminate between threat and safety. First-line pharmacotherapies for psychiatric disorders have limited therapeutic efficacy in PTSD. However, recent studies have advanced our understanding of the roles of several limbic neuropeptides in the regulation of defensive behaviors and in the neural processes that are disrupted in PTSD. For example, preclinical studies have shown that blockers of tachykinin pathways, such as the Tac2 pathway, attenuate fear memory consolidation in mice and thus might have unique potential as early post-trauma interventions to prevent PTSD development. Targeting this pathway might also be beneficial in regulating other symptoms of PTSD, including trauma-induced aggressive behavior. In addition, preclinical and clinical studies have shown the important role of angiotensin receptors in fear extinction and the promise of using angiotensin II receptor blockade to reduce PTSD symptom severity. Additional preclinical studies have demonstrated that the oxytocin receptors foster accurate fear discrimination by facilitating fear responses to predictable versus unpredictable threats. Complementary human imaging studies demonstrate unique neural targets of intranasal oxytocin and compare its efficacy with well-established anxiolytic treatments. Finally, promising data from human subjects have demonstrated that a selective vasopressin 1A receptor antagonist reduces anxiety induced by unpredictable threats. This review highlights these novel promising targets for the treatment of unique core elements of PTSD pathophysiology.
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18
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Terock J, Van der Auwera S, Janowitz D, Wittfeld K, Teumer A, Grabe HJ. Functional polymorphisms of the mineralocorticoid receptor gene NR3C2 are associated with diminished memory decline: Results from a longitudinal general-population study. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1345. [PMID: 32558353 PMCID: PMC7507013 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the brain has a key role in the regulation of the central stress response and is associated with memory performance. We investigated whether the genetic polymorphisms rs5522 and rs2070951 of NR3C2 showed main and interactive effects with childhood trauma on memory decline. METHODS Declarative memory was longitudinally assessed in 1,318 participants from the community-dwelling Study of Health in Pomerania using the Verbal Learning and Memory Test (VLMT). In a subsample of 377 participants aged 60 and older, the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was additionally applied. Mean follow-up time for the VLMT and MMSE were 6.4 and 10.7 years, respectively. RESULTS Homozygous carriers of the G allele of rs2070951 (p < .01) and of the A allele of rs5522 (p < .001) showed higher immediate recall of words as compared to carriers of C allele (rs2070951) or the G allele (rs5522). The CG haplotype was associated with decreased recall (p < .001). Likewise, in the subsample of older patients, the AA genotype of rs5522 was associated with higher MMSE scores (p < .05). CG haplotypes showed significantly reduced MMSE scores in comparison to the reference haplotype (β = -0.60; p < .01). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the GG genotype of rs2070951 as well as the AA genotype of rs5522 are associated with diminished memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Terock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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19
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Dixon HD, Michopoulos V, Gluck RL, Mendoza H, Munoz AP, Wilson JG, Powers A, Schwartz AC, Umpierrez GE, Gillespie CF. Trauma exposure and stress-related disorders in African-American women with diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2020; 3:e00111. [PMID: 32318631 PMCID: PMC7170451 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to assess demographic features, rates of trauma exposure, prevalence of post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms in a group of urban, low-income, African-American women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a survey of (n = 290) low-income, African-American women seeking care in the diabetes clinic of an urban hospital and collected data on the demographic characteristics, childhood and nonchildhood abuse trauma exposure, and the severity of post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms using the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptom Scale (PSS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). In a subset of women with type 2 diabetes (n = 96), we assessed haemoglobin A1c to examine the relationship between psychopathology and glycaemic control. RESULTS Of the overall sample, 61.7% reported exposure to trauma in their lifetime, and 30.4% and 29.3% had current PTSD and MDD, respectively. Exposure to both childhood and nonchildhood abuse trauma was associated with an increased PTSD and depressive symptom severity (P's < .05). PTSD diagnosis, but not depression, was associated with increased haemoglobin A1c (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS These data document high levels of trauma exposure, PTSD and depressive symptoms in diabetic African-American women treated in a specialty clinic of an urban hospital setting. Furthermore, these data indicate that the presence of PTSD is negatively associated with glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Drew Dixon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgia
- Yerkes National Primate Research CenterAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Rachel L. Gluck
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Hadrian Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Adam P. Munoz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Joseph G. Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Ann C. Schwartz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Guillermo E. Umpierrez
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Charles F. Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgia
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20
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Gideon A, Sauter C, Fieres J, Berger T, Renner B, Wirtz PH. Kinetics and Interrelations of the Renin Aldosterone Response to Acute Psychosocial Stress: A Neglected Stress System. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5618777. [PMID: 31711229 PMCID: PMC7034950 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis and its dysfunction relates to negative health consequences. Acute psychosocial stress seems to activate the RAAS in humans, but stress kinetics and interrelations of RAAS parameters compared with a nonstress control group remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVE We systematically investigated in a randomized placebo-controlled design stress kinetics and interrelations of the reactivity of RAAS parameters measured in plasma and saliva to standardized acute psychosocial stress induction. METHODS 58 healthy young men were assigned to either a stress or a placebo control group. The stress group underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), while the control group underwent the placebo TSST. We repeatedly assessed plasma renin, and plasma and salivary aldosterone before and up to 3 hours after stress/placebo. We simultaneously assessed salivary cortisol to validate successful stress induction and to test for interrelations. RESULTS Acute psychosocial stress induced significant increases in all endocrine measures compared with placebo-stress (all P ≤ .041). Highest renin levels were observed 1 minute after stress, and highest aldosterone and cortisol levels 10 and 20 minutes after stress, with salivary aldosterone starting earlier at 1 minute after stress. Renin completed recovery at 10 minutes, cortisol at 60 minutes, salivary aldosterone at 90 minutes, and plasma aldosterone at 180 minutes after stress. Stress increase scores of all endocrine measures related to each other, as did renin and cortisol areas under the curve with respect to increase (AUCi) and salivary and plasma aldosterone AUCi (all P ≤ .047). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that in humans acute psychosocial stress induces a differential and interrelated RAAS parameter activation pattern. Potential implications for stress-related cardiovascular risk remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Gideon
- Biological Work and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christine Sauter
- Biological Work and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Judy Fieres
- Biological Work and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thilo Berger
- Biological Work and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Britta Renner
- Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Petra H Wirtz
- Biological Work and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior, University of Konstanz, Germany
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Petra H. Wirtz, PhD, Biological Work and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz Universitaetsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany. E-mail:
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21
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Karatzas A, Karamitros A, Paraskevopoulos I, Papachristou DJ, Koureli O, Mantzari V, Panagopoulos N, Spiliopoulos S. Haematocrit and haemoglobin decrease following image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsies. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:158.e9-158.e14. [PMID: 31718788 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the clinical significance of variation in haematocrit (Ht) and haemoglobin (Hb) values before and after image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsies (PCNBs) and evaluate its clinical significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single-centre, retrospective study included all the patients who underwent image-guided PCNBs between November 2012 and September 2018. In total, 105 cases (56 male; 53.3%; mean age 72±8 years) were available for analysis. Biopsies included lesions of the liver, lung, kidney, bone, paravertebral and soft-tissue masses, peritoneal implantations, and retroperitoneal neoplasms. The study's primary outcome was to compare the pre- and post-procedural Ht and Hb values and to evaluate their clinical significance. RESULTS A significant decrease of the mean Hb and Ht values was detected post-biopsy (12.79±1.85 g/dl versus 12.03±1.72 g/dl and 38.75±4.93% versus 36.49±4.73%; p<0.0001). A decrease in the Ht and/or Hb level was noted in 93/105 (88.6%) and 94/105 (89.5%) of the patients; respectively. Four minor bleeding complications were noted (4/105; 3.8%), which resolved without any further treatment. An >4% decrease in Ht value was noted in 17/105 cases (16.2%) and an Hb decrease of ≥1.5 mg/dl was noted in 10/105 cases (9.5%), all without any haemodynamic compromise. CONCLUSIONS A moderate post-PCNB decrease in Ht and Hb values compared to baseline should be expected, but should not raise concerns regarding an ongoing bleeding event, if not correlated with haemodynamic and clinical signs of haemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karatzas
- Department of Radiology/Interventional Radiology, "Olympion" Hospital, Patras, Greece.
| | - A Karamitros
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology Unit, "Attikon" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - I Paraskevopoulos
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary Hospital, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - D J Papachristou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University of Patras, School of Medicine, Patras, Greece; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - O Koureli
- Department of Microbiology, "Olympion" Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - V Mantzari
- Department of Microbiology, "Olympion" Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - N Panagopoulos
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, "Olympion" Hospital, Patras, Greece
| | - S Spiliopoulos
- Department of Radiology/Interventional Radiology, "Olympion" Hospital, Patras, Greece; 2nd Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology Unit, "Attikon" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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22
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Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor-Expressing Neurons in the Central Amygdala Influence Fear-Related Behavior. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:899-909. [PMID: 31420088 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in posttraumatic stress disorder; however, the mechanisms responsible for this connection and the therapeutic potential of targeting the renin-angiotensin system in posttraumatic stress disorder remain unknown. Using an angiotensin receptor bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter mouse, combined with neuroanatomical, pharmacological, and behavioral approaches, we examined the role of angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) in fear-related behavior. METHODS Dual immunohistochemistry with retrograde labeling was used to characterize AT2R-eGFP+ cells in the amygdala of the AT2R-eGFP-BAC reporter mouse. Pavlovian fear conditioning and behavioral pharmacological analyses were used to demonstrate the effects of AT2R activation on fear memory in male C57BL/6 mice. RESULTS AT2R-eGFP+ neurons in the amygdala were predominantly expressed in the medial amygdala and the medial division of the central amygdala (CeM), with little AT2R-eGFP expression in the basolateral amygdala or lateral division of the central amygdala. Characterization of AT2R-eGFP+ neurons in the CeM demonstrated distinct localization to gamma-aminobutyric acidergic projection neurons. Mice receiving acute intra-central amygdala injections of the selective AT2R agonist compound 21 prior to tests for cued or contextual fear expression displayed less freezing. Retrograde labeling of AT2R-eGFP+ neurons projecting to the periaqueductal gray revealed AT2R-eGFP+ neuronal projections from the CeM to the periaqueductal gray, a key brain structure mediating fear-related freezing. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that CeM AT2R-expressing neurons can modulate central amygdala outputs that play a role in fear expression, providing new evidence for a novel angiotensinergic circuit in the regulation of fear.
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23
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Zhou F, Geng Y, Xin F, Li J, Feng P, Liu C, Zhao W, Feng T, Guastella AJ, Ebstein RP, Kendrick KM, Becker B. Human Extinction Learning Is Accelerated by an Angiotensin Antagonist via Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex and Its Connections With Basolateral Amygdala. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:910-920. [PMID: 31471037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficient extinction learning and threat adaptation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)-amygdala circuitry strongly impede the efficacy of exposure-based interventions in anxiety disorders. Recent animal models suggest a regulatory role of the renin-angiotensin system in both these processes. Against this background, the present randomized placebo-controlled pharmacologic functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment aimed at determining the extinction enhancing potential of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan (LT) in humans. METHODS Seventy healthy male subjects underwent Pavlovian threat conditioning and received single-dose LT (50 mg) or placebo administration before extinction. Psychophysiological threat reactivity (skin conductance response) and neural activity during extinction served as primary outcomes. Psychophysiological interaction, voxelwise mediation, and novel multivariate pattern classification analyses were used to determine the underlying neural mechanisms. RESULTS LT significantly accelerated the decline of the psychophysiological threat response during within-session extinction learning. On the neural level, the acceleration was accompanied and critically mediated by threat-specific enhancement of vmPFC activation. Furthermore, LT enhanced vmPFC-basolateral amygdala coupling and attenuated the neural threat expression, particularly in the vmPFC, during early extinction. CONCLUSIONS Overall the results indicate that LT facilitates within-session threat memory extinction by augmenting threat-specific encoding in the vmPFC and its regulatory control over the amygdala. The findings document a pivotal role of angiotensin regulation of extinction learning in humans and suggest that adjunct LT administration has the potential to facilitate the efficacy of exposure-based interventions in anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yayuan Geng
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Xin
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Feng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingyong Feng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Adam J Guastella
- Autism Clinic for Translational Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Youth Mental Health Unit, Brain and Mind Centre, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Richard P Ebstein
- China Center for Behavior Economics and Finance, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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24
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Bui E, King F, Melaragno A. Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders in the 21st century: A call for novel approaches. Gen Psychiatr 2019; 32:e100136. [PMID: 31922087 PMCID: PMC6936967 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2019-100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While limited advances have occurred in the past 30 years in the pharmacological management of anxiety and stress-related disorders, novel molecular pathways both within and without the monoamine systems are currently under investigation and offer promising new avenues for more effective future treatments. Enhancing psychotherapy approaches with pharmacological compounds offers the potential to not only transform the standard of care of these conditions, but more broadly would introduce a paradigm shift in the way medications and their role in psychiatric care are conceptualised. Although further human trials and more translational research are sorely needed, continuing to pursue innovative mechanisms and treatments is hoped to yield substantial results in the coming decades and a departure from the reliance on chemical agents of the 20th century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bui
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Franklin King
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Andrew Melaragno
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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25
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Olff M, Amstadter A, Armour C, Birkeland MS, Bui E, Cloitre M, Ehlers A, Ford JD, Greene T, Hansen M, Lanius R, Roberts N, Rosner R, Thoresen S. A decennial review of psychotraumatology: what did we learn and where are we going? Eur J Psychotraumatol 2019; 10:1672948. [PMID: 31897268 PMCID: PMC6924542 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1672948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
On 6 December 2019 we start the 10th year of the European Journal of Psychotraumatogy (EJPT), a full Open Access journal on psychotrauma. This editorial is part of a special issue/collection celebrating the 10 years anniversary of the journal where we will acknowledge some of our most impactful articles of the past decade (also discussed below and marked with * in the reference list). In this editorial the editors present a decennial review of the field addressing a range of topics that are core to both the journal and to psychotraumatology as a discipline. These include neurobiological developments (genomics, neuroimaging and neuroendocrine research), forms of trauma exposure and impact across the lifespan, mass trauma and early interventions, work-related trauma, trauma in refugee populations, and the potential consequences of trauma such as PTSD or Complex PTSD, but also resilience. We address innovations in psychological, medication (enhanced) and technology-assisted treatments, mediators and moderators like social support and finally how new research methods help us to gain insights in symptom structures or to better predict symptom development or treatment success. We aimed to answer three questions 1. Where did we stand in 2010? 2. What did we learn in the past 10 years? 3. What are our knowledge gaps? We conclude with a number of recommendations concerning top priorities for the future direction of the field of psychotraumatology and correspondingly the journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam
University Medical Centers (location AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma
Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Ananda Amstadter
- Departemnts of Psychiatry, Psychology, &
Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond,
USA
| | - Cherie Armour
- School of Psychology, Queens University
Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Marianne S. Birkeland
- Section for implementation and treatment
research, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo
Norway
| | - Eric Bui
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts
General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Marylene Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD Dissemination and
Training Division, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Anke Ehlers
- Department of Experimental Psychology,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian D. Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA
| | - Talya Greene
- Department of Community Mental Health,
University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maj Hansen
- Department of Psychology,
Odense, Denmark
| | - Ruth Lanius
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Research
Unit, Western University of Canada, London, ON,
Canada
| | - Neil Roberts
- Psychology and Psychological Therapies
Directorate, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff,
UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine &
Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff,
UK
| | - Rita Rosner
- Department of Clinical and Biological
Psychology, KU Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett,
Germany
| | - Siri Thoresen
- Section for trauma, catastrophes and forced
migration – children and youth, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress
Studies, Oslo, Norway
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26
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent research on childhood trauma has focused on the effects of in-utero and early life stress (ELS) as well as improving access to care. This review includes the previous year's clinically relevant research with attention to gaps that require further research that should improve patient care. RECENT FINDINGS The current article focuses on the latest understanding of ELS effects on the neuroendocrine, inflammatory, immune, and neurologic systems, as well as epigenetic effects with a focus on research examining sex-specific differences. Resilience and innovative treatment delivery models are reviewed with emphasis on integrated care models and technology-based treatments. SUMMARY The findings reviewed point toward clinically relevant research avenues. The call for more and better treatment options can only be realized with a better understanding of ELS effects. There is a specific need for more in depth exploration and application of sex-specific differences as well as an examination of the effects of age of onset and chronicity of stressors. New developments in the delivery of interventions and treatment allow the potential to provide broader early access to care.
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