1
|
Addae HY, Apprey C, Kwarteng A. Gut Microbiome-Targeted Nutrition Interventions and Growth among Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102085. [PMID: 38455707 PMCID: PMC10918490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood malnutrition is a public health challenge of much interest and concern globally. However, a perturbed gut microbiome (GM) may limit some nutrition interventions' effects among healthy children with undernutrition. Objectives This review aimed to evaluate the effects of GM-targeted nutrition interventions on growth outcomes among children (0-59 mo) using published studies in low- and middle-income countries. Methods The methods were guided by the Cochrane methodology. The literature search was conducted to include articles published from inception to July 2023 in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Databases. We identified and included 35 studies among 11,047 children. The analysis was conducted considering various growth parameters in the qualitative synthesis and weight gain (kg) in the meta-analysis. Results In the qualitative synthesis, 55.6% of prebiotics, 66.7% of probiotics, 71.4% of synbiotics, and 28.6% of "microbiome complementary feed" studies had significant effects on growth outcomes. Also, prebiotics had more studies with significant effects among healthy children, whereas probiotics, synbiotics, and "microbiome complementary feeds" had more studies with significant effects among children with undernutrition. Nineteen studies were included in the meta-analyses, of which 7 (36.8%) measured GM outcomes. The meta-analysis showed that prebiotics exhibited heterogeneity but had significant effects on weight in the intervention as compared with the control (mean difference [MD]: 0.14 kg; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.25; I2 = 63%, P = 0.02; 4 studies, n = 932). Probiotics had significant effects on weight in the intervention (MD: 0.15 kg; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.25; I2 = 42%, P = 0.05; 8 studies, n = 2437) as compared to the control. However, synbiotics (MD: 0.26 kg; 95% CI: -0.04, 0.56; I2 = 41%, P = 0.17; 4 studies, n = 1896] and "microbiome complementary feed" (MD: -0.03 kg; 95% CI: -0.18, 0.11; I2 = 0%, P = 0.60; 3 studies, n = 733] had no significant effects on weight in the intervention as compared with control. Conclusions Although probiotics and synbiotics may be effective at enhancing growth among children, the selection of interventions should be contingent upon health status.This trial was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42023434109.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hammond Yaw Addae
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- Nursing Department, Nursing and Midwifery Training College, Kpembe, Ghana
| | - Charles Apprey
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander Kwarteng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Imdad A, Pandit NG, Ehrlich JM, Catania J, Zaman M, Smith A, Tanner-Smith EE, Zackular JP, Bhutta ZA. Probiotic Supplementation for Promotion of Growth in Undernourished Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 77:e84-e92. [PMID: 37779227 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Probiotic supplementation has been proposed as a therapeutic intervention to improve growth outcomes in children with undernutrition. The objective of this review is to synthesize the current evidence on probiotic supplementation for promotion of growth in undernourished children. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, and Scopus for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that administered probiotics or eligible comparators to undernourished children below 5 years of age. Our primary outcomes of interest were weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height at the longest follow-up points reported. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD) for continuous outcomes and risk ratios for dichotomous outcomes. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria were used to assess certainty of the evidence. RESULTS Nine RCTs with 5295 children in total were included. Durations of treatment ranged from 1 month to 1 year. Pooled analyses from 7 studies showed that probiotics may have little to no effect on weight-for-age (SMD 0.05 standard deviation [SD], 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.13, n = 2115 children; low-certainty evidence) and height-for-age (SMD -0.04 SD, 95% CI: -0.14 to 0.07, n = 1357 children; low-certainty evidence). The evidence was very uncertain about the effect on weight-for-height. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics may have little to no effect on anthropometry in undernourished children, though there is considerable heterogeneity among the trials reviewed thus far. The interaction between gut microbiota and human nutrition is complex, and further research is needed to determine how the gut microbiome may contribute to undernutrition and how probiotics may affect growth in this vulnerable population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aamer Imdad
- From the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Stead Family Children's Hospital, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Natasha G Pandit
- Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Julie M Ehrlich
- Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Joseph Catania
- Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Muizz Zaman
- Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Abigail Smith
- Health Sciences Library, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | | | - Joseph P Zackular
- the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- the Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- the Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cook CM, Makino H, Kato K, Blonquist T, Derrig L, Shibata H. The probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota (LcS) in a fermented milk beverage survives the gastrointestinal tract of generally healthy U.S. Adults. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:645-653. [PMID: 37584253 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2246693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (previously Lactobacillus casei) strain Shirota (LcS) has demonstrated its survivability in the gastrointestinal tract across populations in different countries. The objective of this study was to validate this survivability in the United States, where evidence is lacking. Faecal samples were collected from 26 healthy individuals (age: 32.0 ± 5.9 years) at baseline, after 7 and 14 days of daily consumption of 80 mL fermented milk containing 108 colony forming units (CFU) LcS/mL, and after a subsequent 14-days of no product consumption. Live LcS counts significantly (p < 0.001) increased after 7 and 14 days of product consumption (6.37 ± 1.18 and 5.24 ± 1.81 log10 CFU/g faeces, respectively) and returned to baseline in 87% of participants. These results indicate LcS survives passage through the gastrointestinal tract of generally healthy U.S. adults, providing support for its uniquely accumulated evidence of universal survival capacity in the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
|
4
|
Dahiya D, Nigam PS. Nutraceutical Combinational Therapy for Diarrhoea Control with Probiotic Beverages from Fermented Fruits, Vegetables and Cereals to Regain Lost Hydration, Nutrition and Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2190. [PMID: 37764034 PMCID: PMC10537194 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This article deals with the condition of irregular bowel movements known as diarrhoea, its pathology, symptoms and aetiology. The information has been presented on causes of diarrhoea that include gut infections, food intolerances and allergies to certain ingredients, problems in the gastrointestinal tract like irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and, the condition of dysbiosis which occurs due to long-term use of antibiotics, or other medicines, etc. Most cases of diarrhoea can be resolved without needing medical treatment; however, it is still important to avoid dehydration of the body and use some supplements to get necessary nutrients which are lost with frequent bowel movements before they can get absorbed and assimilated in the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotic products are reported as natural therapeutic agents, which can reduce the risk of diarrhoea in both adults and children. The intake of dietary fluid supplements in the form of fermented beverages containing probiotic strains could help in diarrhoea control. The patient would achieve benefits with the consumption of these functional beverages in three ways-by regaining lost fluids to the body, supplementing beneficial gut bacteria to restore diversity in gut microbiota, which was disturbed in the condition of diarrhoea as well as regaining a source of quick nutrition to recoup energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Poonam Singh Nigam
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sasso J, Ammar RM, Tenchov R, Lemmel S, Kelber O, Grieswelle M, Zhou QA. Gut Microbiome-Brain Alliance: A Landscape View into Mental and Gastrointestinal Health and Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1717-1763. [PMID: 37156006 PMCID: PMC10197139 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota includes a vast collection of microorganisms residing within the gastrointestinal tract. It is broadly recognized that the gut and brain are in constant bidirectional communication, of which gut microbiota and its metabolic production are a major component, and form the so-called gut microbiome-brain axis. Disturbances of microbiota homeostasis caused by imbalance in their functional composition and metabolic activities, known as dysbiosis, cause dysregulation of these pathways and trigger changes in the blood-brain barrier permeability, thereby causing pathological malfunctions, including neurological and functional gastrointestinal disorders. In turn, the brain can affect the structure and function of gut microbiota through the autonomic nervous system by regulating gut motility, intestinal transit and secretion, and gut permeability. Here, we examine data from the CAS Content Collection, the largest collection of published scientific information, and analyze the publication landscape of recent research. We review the advances in knowledge related to the human gut microbiome, its complexity and functionality, its communication with the central nervous system, and the effect of the gut microbiome-brain axis on mental and gut health. We discuss correlations between gut microbiota composition and various diseases, specifically gastrointestinal and mental disorders. We also explore gut microbiota metabolites with regard to their impact on the brain and gut function and associated diseases. Finally, we assess clinical applications of gut-microbiota-related substances and metabolites with their development pipelines. We hope this review can serve as a useful resource in understanding the current knowledge on this emerging field in an effort to further solving of the remaining challenges and fulfilling its potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet
M. Sasso
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Ramy M. Ammar
- Bayer
Consumer Health, R&D Digestive
Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Steven Lemmel
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Olaf Kelber
- Bayer
Consumer Health, R&D Digestive
Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Malte Grieswelle
- Bayer
Consumer Health, R&D Digestive
Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wong WY, Chan BD, Sham TT, Lee MML, Chan CO, Chau CT, Mok DKW, Kwan YW, Tai WCS. Lactobacillus casei Strain Shirota Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice by Increasing Taurine-Conjugated Bile Acids and Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling via Stabilization of Iκ Bα. Front Nutr 2022; 9:816836. [PMID: 35529468 PMCID: PMC9069136 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.816836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic progressive intestinal inflammatory disease, characterized by an altered gut microbiota composition and accompanying alterations in circulatory bile acids. Increasing evidence supports the beneficial effect of probiotics intake on health. Introduction of probiotics to the intestines can modulate gut microbiota composition and in turn regulate the host immune system and modify the inflammatory response. Probiotics can also improve intestinal barrier function and exhibit a positive impact on host physiological and pathological conditions via gut microbiota-derived metabolites. Previous studies have demonstrated that Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) treatment could inhibit clinical manifestation of colitis in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice, however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we employed the DSS-induced acute colitis mouse model to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of LcS and related mechanisms. Administration of LcS ameliorated the severity of DSS-induced colitis and enhanced intestinal integrity via induction of mucin-2 and occludin expression in colons. Fecal microbiota analysis showed that LcS increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial species in colitic mice, whereas the relative abundance of pathobionts was reduced. Additionally, LcS treatment modulated circulating bile acid profiles in colitic mice. In mice treated with LcS, we identified increased levels of primary taurine-conjugated bile acids, including taurocholic acid (TCA) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA). LcS treatment also increased the levels of secondary taurine-conjugated bile acids, including taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). Moreover, LcS treatment exhibited a suppressive effect on the hydroxylated primary bile acids α-muricholic acid (α-MCA) and β-muricholic acid (β-MCA). We further demonstrated that LcS treatment suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and nitric oxide (NO), and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory mediator interleukin-10 (IL-10) in colon tissues, potentially as a result of altered bile acid profiles. Mechanistically, we showed that LcS treatment suppressed the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling via stabilization of inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα). Altogether, we have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of LcS in DSS-induced colitis, providing new insights into its effect on bile acid metabolism and the related anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Our findings provide support for the application of LcS in the treatment of IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Yan Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Laboratory for Probiotic and Prebiotic Research in Human Health, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brandon Dow Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Laboratory for Probiotic and Prebiotic Research in Human Health, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tung-Ting Sham
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Magnolia Muk-Lan Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Laboratory for Probiotic and Prebiotic Research in Human Health, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-On Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chung-Ting Chau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniel Kam-Wah Mok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yiu-Wa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William Chi-Shing Tai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The Laboratory for Probiotic and Prebiotic Research in Human Health, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ashraf SA, Elkhalifa AEO, Ahmad MF, Patel M, Adnan M, Sulieman AME. Probiotic Fermented Foods and Health Promotion. AFRICAN FERMENTED FOOD PRODUCTS- NEW TRENDS 2022:59-88. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-82902-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
8
|
Catania J, Pandit NG, Ehrlich JM, Zaman M, Stone E, Franceschi C, Smith A, Tanner-Smith E, Zackular JP, Bhutta ZA, Imdad A. Probiotic Supplementation for Promotion of Growth in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 14:83. [PMID: 35010959 PMCID: PMC8746675 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are commonly prescribed to promote a healthy gut microbiome in children. Our objective was to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on growth outcomes in children 0-59 months of age. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis which included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that administered probiotics to children aged 0-59 months, with growth outcomes as a result. We completed a random-effects meta-analysis and calculated a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) or relative risk (RR) and reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI). We included 79 RCTs, 54 from high-income countries (HIC), and 25 from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). LMIC data showed that probiotics may have a small effect on weight (SMD: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11-0.42, grade-certainty = low) and height (SMD 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06-0.25, grade-certainty = moderate). HIC data did not show any clinically meaningful effect on weight (SMD: 0.01, 95% CI: -0.04-0.05, grade-certainty = moderate), or height (SMD: -0.01, 95% CI: -0.06-0.04, grade-certainty = moderate). There was no evidence that probiotics affected the risk of adverse events. We conclude that in otherwise healthy children aged 0-59 months, probiotics may have a small but heterogenous effect on weight and height in LMIC but not in children from HIC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Catania
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (J.C.); (N.G.P.); (J.M.E.); (M.Z.); (E.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Natasha G. Pandit
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (J.C.); (N.G.P.); (J.M.E.); (M.Z.); (E.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Julie M. Ehrlich
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (J.C.); (N.G.P.); (J.M.E.); (M.Z.); (E.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Muizz Zaman
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (J.C.); (N.G.P.); (J.M.E.); (M.Z.); (E.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Elizabeth Stone
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (J.C.); (N.G.P.); (J.M.E.); (M.Z.); (E.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Courtney Franceschi
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (J.C.); (N.G.P.); (J.M.E.); (M.Z.); (E.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Abigail Smith
- Health Science Library, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
| | | | - Joseph P. Zackular
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada;
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Imdad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Heuven LAJ, Pyle S, Greyling A, Melse-Boonstra A, Eilander A. Gut Microbiota-Targeted Nutritional Interventions Improving Child Growth in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab124. [PMID: 34761159 PMCID: PMC8575755 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this systematic literature review was to evaluate the efficacy of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic interventions compared with control on improving growth outcomes of children living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Probiotics had a beneficial effect on ≥1 of the growth outcomes in 5 out of the 11 included studies. Of these, 3 studies were conducted in undernourished children, 1 in healthy children, and 1 in children without a described health status. No effect of prebiotics on growth outcomes was seen in the 4 included studies. Synbiotics had a beneficial effect on growth outcomes in 3 out of 4 studies. Although a limited number of studies with high heterogeneity indicate that probiotics and synbiotics may have the potential to improve the growth of both undernourished and healthy children living in LMICs, more research is needed to confirm the observed effects. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42020212998.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lise AJ Heuven
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Simone Pyle
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Arno Greyling
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Alida Melse-Boonstra
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ans Eilander
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Machado CCDS, Fernandes MTC, Mauro CSI, Farinazzo FS, Prudencio SH, Garcia S. Probiotic Juçara and Banana Sorbet: Cell Viability, Antioxidant Activity during Storage and Sensory Acceptability by Children. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2020.1787287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolina Saori Ishii Mauro
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Farinazzo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Prudencio
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sandra Garcia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
In recent years, the intestinal microbiota has been found to greatly influence a number of biological processes important for human health and longevity. Microbial composition changes easily in response to external factors, such as an unbalanced diet, lack of physical activity, and smoking. Probiotics are a key factor in maintaining the optimal composition of the intestinal microbiota. However, a number of important questions related to probiotics, such as indication for prescription, comparative efficacy of monostrain and multistrain probiotics, methods of delivery, and shelf life, remain unresolved. The aim of this review is to highlight existing issues regarding probiotic production and their prescription. The review presents the most recent findings regarding advantages and efficacy of monostrain and multistrain probiotics, preservation of probiotic strains in capsules and microcapsules, production of probiotics in the form of biofilms for improved efficacy and survival, and results of clinical studies evaluating the benefits of probiotics against different pathologies. We believe that this work will be of interest to physicians and researchers alike and will promote the development of new probiotics and ensuing regimens aimed at the treatment of various diseases.
Collapse
|
12
|
Okuda S, Wajima T, Yamada T, Nakaminami H, Ikoshi H, Noguchi N. In vitro growth-inhibitory effects of Portulaca oleracea L. formulation on intestinal pathogens. Access Microbiol 2021; 3:000208. [PMID: 34151162 PMCID: PMC8209698 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Empirical evidence suggests that Portulaca oleracea L. treats enteric infections, including dysentery, cholera, and acute infectious gastroenteritis. Aim The aim of this study is to clarify the growth-inhibitory effects of Portulaca oleracea L. extract against 56 strains of intestinal pathogens. Methodology ‘Gogyo-so-cha (GSC)’ was used as the P. oleracea L. formulation. A growth curve analysis was used to measure the growth-inhibitory effects of GSC, and Shiga toxin induction was measured using the latex agglutination test. Results GSC demonstrated strong bactericidal effects against Shigella dysenteriae and Vibrio cholerae strains from various isolates. GSC demonstrated weak or no bactericidal effects against intestinal commensal bacteria, including Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli. GSC did not induce Shigella toxins. Conclusion GSC significantly inhibited the growth of intestinal pathogens, including S. dysenteriae and V. cholerae, without adversely affecting the intestinal flora, supporting the usage of GSC in traditional Chinese medicine. Taken together, GSC would be of immense value in the developing world, where diarrhoeal infectious diseases continue to pose a major health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sae Okuda
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeaki Wajima
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Nakaminami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ikoshi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihisa Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
St. Jean DT, Herrera R, Pérez C, Gutiérrez L, Vielot NA, González F, Reyes Y, Toval-Ruiz C, Blandón P, Kharabora O, Bowman NM, Bucardo F, Becker-Dreps S, Vilchez S. Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Population Attributable Fraction for Campylobacteriosis in a Nicaraguan Birth Cohort. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:1215-1221. [PMID: 33534747 PMCID: PMC8045609 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is an important contributor to the global burden of acute gastroenteritis (AGE). In Nicaragua, the burden, risk factors, and species diversity for infant campylobacteriosis are unknown. Between June 2017 and December 2018, we enrolled 444 infants from León, Nicaragua, in a population-based birth cohort, conducting weekly household AGE surveillance. First, we described clinical characteristics of symptomatic Campylobacter infections, and then compared clinical characteristics between Campylobacter jejuni/coli and non-jejuni/coli infections. Next, we conducted a nested case-control analysis to examine campylobacteriosis risk factors. Finally, we estimated the population attributable fraction of campylobacteriosis among infants experiencing AGE. Of 296 AGE episodes in the first year of life, Campylobacter was detected in 59 (20%), 39 were C. jejuni/coli, and 20 were non-jejuni/coli species, including the first report of Campylobacter vulpis infection in humans. Acute gastroenteritis symptoms associated with C. jejuni/coli lasted longer than those attributed to other Campylobacter species. In a conditional logistic regression model, chickens in the home (odds ratio [OR]: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.4-9.8), a prior AGE episode (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.4-7.8), and poverty (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.9) were independently associated with campylobacteriosis. Comparing 90 infants experiencing AGE with 90 healthy controls, 22.4% (95% CI: 11.2-32.1) of AGE episodes in the first year of life could be attributed to Campylobacter infection. Campylobacter infections contribute substantially to infant AGE in León, Nicaragua, with non-jejuni/coli species frequently detected. Reducing contact with poultry in the home and interventions to prevent all-cause AGE may reduce campylobacteriosis in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise T. St. Jean
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Roberto Herrera
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Claudia Pérez
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Lester Gutiérrez
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Nadja A. Vielot
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Fredman González
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Yaoska Reyes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Christian Toval-Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Patricia Blandón
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Oksana Kharabora
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Natalie M. Bowman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Filemón Bucardo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| | - Sylvia Becker-Dreps
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Samuel Vilchez
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León (UNAN-León), León, Nicaragua
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kambale RM, Nancy FI, Ngaboyeka GA, Kasengi JB, Bindels LB, Van der Linden D. Effects of probiotics and synbiotics on diarrhea in undernourished children: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:3158-3169. [PMID: 33446418 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undernutrition predisposes children to a greater incidence and duration of diarrhea. No review and meta-analysis have yet been conducted to assess effectiveness of probiotics and synbiotics in undernourished children. AIMS To assess the effectiveness of probiotics and synbiotics on diarrhea in undernourished children. METHODS Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials evaluating the effects of probiotics and synbiotics on diarrhea in undernourished children were searched from 1990 to May 2020. Recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement were followed. RESULTS The systematic review identified 15 trials with 6986 patients. The meta-analysis revealed that treatment with probiotic or synbiotic reduced significantly both the duration of diarrhea [Weighted mean difference (WMD) = -1.05 day, 95% CI (-1.98, -0.11)] and the hospital stay duration [Standard mean difference (SMD) = -2.87 days, 95% CI (-5.33, -0.42)], especially in specific patient subsets. In both groups, similar rates of vomiting and nutritional recovery were observed. No probiotics or synbiotics-related adverse effects were reported. Subgroup analyses showed that probiotic and synbiotic treatment were more effective in reducing risk of diarrhea in outpatients [Risk ratio (RR) = 0.86, 95%CI (0.75-0.98)]. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis supports the potential beneficial roles of probiotics and synbiotics on diarrhea in undernourished children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Mbusa Kambale
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo; General Pediatrics, Pediatric Department, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo.
| | - Fransisca Isia Nancy
- Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo; General Pediatrics, Pediatric Department, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Gaylord Amani Ngaboyeka
- Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo; General Pediatrics, Pediatric Department, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Joe Bwija Kasengi
- Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo; General Pediatrics, Pediatric Department, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Van der Linden
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Pediatric Infectious Diseases, General Pediatrics, Pediatric Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mai TT, Thi Thu P, Thi Hang H, Trang TTT, Yui S, Shigehisa A, Tien VT, Dung TV, Nga PB, Hung NT, Tuyen LD. Efficacy of probiotics on digestive disorders and acute respiratory infections: a controlled clinical trial in young Vietnamese children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 75:513-520. [PMID: 32981933 PMCID: PMC7943424 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) on the incidence of constipation, diarrhea, acute respiratory infections (ARI), and nutritional status of young Vietnamese children. Methods A controlled field trial was conducted with 1003 children (3–5 years old) in Thanh Hoa province in Vietnam. The probiotic group (n = 510) consumed fermented milk 65 mL/day containing 108 CFU/mL of LcS for the 12-week intervention period, whereas the control group (n = 493) was not given any. The incidence of constipation, diarrhea, ARI, and anthropometry in children was determined at baseline, after 4, 8, and 12-week intervention, and after the 4-week follow-up period. Results Probiotic drink decreased the incidence of constipation after the 12-week intervention period (12.0% vs. 32.0%, OR = 0.28 (95% CI: 0.21–0.40), p < 0.001), tended to decrease the incidence of diarrhea (4.9% vs. 7.9%, OR = 0.60 (95% CI: 0.35–1.01), p = 0.068), and prevented the occurrence of ARI (15.9% vs. 24.5%, OR = 0.58 (95% CI: 0.42–0.79), p < 0.001), when compared with the control group. In contrast, no probiotic effects were observed for the duration of diarrhea or ARI. Weight gain was higher in the probiotic group than in the control group after 4, 8, and 12-week intervention and after the 4-week follow-up period (p < 0.05). Conclusions Daily intake of fermented milk containing LcS strongly prevented the incidence of constipation and ARI in Vietnamese children. This study also revealed the potential effects of the use of a probiotic drink on diarrhea prevention as well as nutritional status improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Truong Tuyet Mai
- National Institute of Nutrition, 48B Tang Bat Ho Street, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Pham Thi Thu
- Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 72 A, Nguyen Binh Khiem, Ngo Quyen, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Thi Hang
- National Institute of Nutrition, 48B Tang Bat Ho Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Shintaro Yui
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Akira Shigehisa
- Yakult Honsha European Research Center for Microbiology ESV, Technologiepark 4, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Vu Thuy Tien
- Yakult Vietnam Co., Ltd., 195, Truong Van Bang Street, Thanh My Loi Ward District 2, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Truong Viet Dung
- Hanoi Medical University, 1, Ton That Tung, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Bich Nga
- National Institute of Nutrition, 48B Tang Bat Ho Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Trong Hung
- National Institute of Nutrition, 48B Tang Bat Ho Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Danh Tuyen
- National Institute of Nutrition, 48B Tang Bat Ho Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lockyer S, Aguirre M, Durrant L, Pot B, Suzuki K. The role of probiotics on the roadmap to a healthy microbiota: a symposium report. GUT MICROBIOME (CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND) 2020; 1:e2. [PMID: 39296722 PMCID: PMC11406418 DOI: 10.1017/gmb.2020.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
The ninth International Yakult Symposium was held in Ghent, Belgium in April 2018. Keynote lectures were from Professor Wijmenga on using biobanks to understand the relationship between the gut microbiota and health; and Professor Hill on phage-probiotic interactions. Session one included talks from Professor Plӧsch on epigenetic programming by nutritional and environmental factors; Professor Wilmes on the use of "omics" methodologies in microbiome research and Professor Rescigno on the gut vascular barrier. Session two explored the evidence behind Lactobacillus casei Shirota with Dr Nanno explaining the plasticity in immunomodulation that enables the strain to balance immune functions; Dr Macnaughtan outlining its potential therapeutic use in cirrhosis and Professor Nishida detailing effects in subjects under stress. The third session saw Professor Marchesi describing that both the host genes and the gut microbiota can play a role in cancer; Professor Bergheim highlighting crosstalk between the gut and the liver and Professor Cani describing the relationship between the gut microbiota and the endocrine system. The final session explored probiotic mechanisms, with Professor Lebeer dissecting the challenges in conducting mechanistic studies; Professor Wehkamp describing the mucosal defence system and Professor Van de Wiele detailing methods for modelling the gut microbiota in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno Pot
- Yakult Europe B.V., Almere, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tsukahara T, Fujimori A, Misawa Y, Oda H, Yamauchi K, Abe F, Nomiyama T. The Preventive Effect of Lactoferrin-Containing Yogurt on Gastroenteritis in Nursery School Children-Intervention Study for 15 Weeks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072534. [PMID: 32272777 PMCID: PMC7177863 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of bovine lactoferrin (LF)-containing yogurt on gastroenteritis in nursery school children during the winter season, we conducted a randomized prospective study. A total of 1296 children were randomized into a group in which LF was provided in yogurt (LF group, n = 661) and a non-LF consumption group (control group, n = 635). The LF group was given LF-containing yogurt (100 mg/day) on all 5 weekdays for approximately 15 weeks, and the control group consumed fruit jelly instead of the yogurt. The final totals of 578 children as the LF group and 584 as the control group were analyzed. The total number of children who were absent from school due to vomiting was significantly lower in the LF group compared to the control, accounting for ≥3 days in any week: 10/234 (4.3%) vs. 49/584 (8.4%), respectively; p = 0.04. Regarding the relationship between absences due to vomiting and the consumption of the LF-containing yogurt, the adjusted odds ratio for absence due to vomiting was 2.48 (95% CI: 1.19–5.14) in the LF children who consumed LF-containing yogurt ≤2 days/week compared to the LF children who consumed the yogurt ≥ 3 days/week. The consumption of LF-containing yogurt (100 mg/day) for ≥3 days/week might help alleviate the symptom of vomiting in nursery school children during the winter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teruomi Tsukahara
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (A.F.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-263-37-2622; Fax: +81-263-37-3449
| | - Anri Fujimori
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (A.F.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuka Misawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (A.F.); (Y.M.)
| | - Hirotsugu Oda
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan; (H.O.); (K.Y.); (F.A.)
| | - Koji Yamauchi
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan; (H.O.); (K.Y.); (F.A.)
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan; (H.O.); (K.Y.); (F.A.)
| | - Tetsuo Nomiyama
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan;
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan; (A.F.); (Y.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Szajewska H, Hojsak I. Health benefits of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis BB-12 in children. Postgrad Med 2020; 132:441-451. [DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1731214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hania Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iva Hojsak
- Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University J.J. Strossmayer, Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Infant dietary intake of yogurt and cheese and gastroenteritis at 1 year of age: The Japan Environment and Children's Study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223495. [PMID: 31589650 PMCID: PMC6779294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The important role played by intestinal bacterial flora in human health has recently attracted public attention worldwide. Although yogurt is thought to help in preventing the onset of gastroenteritis, this property has rarely been examined in epidemiological studies. METHOD This study analyzed data obtained by the Japan Environment and Children's Study. From a dataset of 103,062 pregnancies, 82,485 were selected for this analysis. Dietary intake of fermented foods (yogurt and cheese) in 1-year-old infants was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Parent-reported physician-diagnosed gastroenteritis in early childhood was determined from a questionnaire conducted when the child was 1 year old. RESULT The incidence of gastroenteritis was significantly lower in infants who consumed yogurt ≥ 7 and 3-6 times/week than in infants who consumed yogurt < 1 time/week in crude models (n = 82,485) and after adjustment for covariates (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.78 [0.70-0.86] versus 0.82 [0.76-0.89], respectively; n = 65,051). Frequency of weekly cheese consumption was not associated with the incidence of gastroenteritis. CONCLUSION Consumption of yogurt, but not cheese, at 1 year of age was associated with a reduced risk of gastroenteritis. Further studies of this association, including interventional studies, are warranted.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ahmadipour S, Baharvand P, Rahmani P, Hasanvand A, Mohsenzadeh A. Effect of Synbiotic on the Treatment of Jaundice in Full Term Neonates: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2019; 22:453-459. [PMID: 31555570 PMCID: PMC6751109 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2019.22.5.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Jaundice accounts for most hospital admissions in the neonatal period. Nowadays, in addition to phototherapy, other auxiliary methods are used to reduce jaundice and the length of hospitalization. This study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics on the treatment of hyper-bilirubinemia in full-term neonates. METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, 83 full-term neonates, who were admitted to the hospital to receive phototherapy in the first 6 months of 2015, were randomly divided into two groups: synbiotic (SG, n=40) and control (CG, n=43). Both groups received phototherapy but the SG also received 5 drops/day of synbiotics. Serum bilirubin, urine, stool, feeding frequency, and weight were measured daily until hospital discharge. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The mean total serum bilirubin in the SG was lower than that in the CG (9.38±2.37 and 11.17±2.60 mg/dL, respectively). The urine and stool frequency in the SG was significantly higher than that in the CG (p<0.05). The duration of hospitalization in the SG was shorter than that in the CG. CONCLUSION Use of synbiotics as an adjuvant therapy had a significant treatment effect on jaundice in full-term neonates. Further studies including larger samples with long follow-up periods are essential to confirm the benefits of routine use of synbiotics in neonatal patients with jaundice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Ahmadipour
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Parastoo Baharvand
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Parisa Rahmani
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Hasanvand
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Azam Mohsenzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Colonization of the gut by virulent Vibrio cholerae is suppressed by probiotic-like activity of a live cholera vaccine candidate and Lactococcus lactis in two animal models (Hubbard et al. and Mao et al., this issue).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Hall
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Aoyagi Y, Amamoto R, Park S, Honda Y, Shimamoto K, Kushiro A, Tsuji H, Matsumoto H, Shimizu K, Miyazaki K, Matsubara S, Shephard RJ. Independent and Interactive Effects of Habitually Ingesting Fermented Milk Products Containing Lactobacillus casei Strain Shirota and of Engaging in Moderate Habitual Daily Physical Activity on the Intestinal Health of Older People. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1477. [PMID: 31417501 PMCID: PMC6684969 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infrequent bowel movements decrease the number of beneficial bacteria in the human intestines, thereby potentially increasing the individual's risk of colorectal cancer. The correction of such bowel problems could therefore make an important contribution to improving population health and quality-adjusted lifespan. We examined independent and interactive effects upon the fecal microbiota of two potentially favorable determinants of intestinal motility: the intake frequency of a fermented milk product containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) and the quantity/quality of habitual physical activity in 338 community-living Japanese aged 65-92 years. Subjects were arbitrarily grouped on the basis of questionnaire estimates of LcS intake (0-2, 3-5, and 6-7 days/week) and pedometer/accelerometer-determined patterns of physical activity [<7000 and ≥7000 steps/day, or <15 and ≥15 min/day of activity at an intensity >3 metabolic equivalents (METs)]. After adjustment for potential confounders, the respective numbers of various beneficial fecal bacteria tended to be larger in more frequent consumers of LcS-containing products, this trend being statistically significant (mostly P < 0.001) for total Lactobacillus, the Lactobacillus casei subgroup, and the Atopobium cluster; in contrast, there were no statistically significant differences in fecal bacterial counts between the physical activity groups. A multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis estimated that the risk of infrequent bowel movements (arbitrarily defined as defecating ≤3 days/week) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in subjects who ingested LcS-containing products 6-7 rather than 0-2 days/week [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.382 (0.149-0.974)] and was also lower in those who took ≥7000 rather than <7000 steps/day [0.441 (0.201-0.971)] or spent ≥15 rather than <15 min/day of physical activity at an intensity >3 METs [0.412 (0.183-0.929)]. The risk of infrequent bowel movements in subjects who combined 6-7 days/week of LcS with ≥7000 steps/day or ≥15 min/day of activity at >3 METs was only a tenth of that for individuals who combined 0-2 days/week of LcS with <7000 steps/day or <15 min/day at >3 METs. These results suggest that elderly individuals can usefully ingest LcS-containing supplements regularly (≥6 days/week) and also engage in moderate habitual physical activity (≥7000 steps/day and/or ≥15 min/day at >3 METs) in order to enhance their gastrointestinal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Aoyagi
- Exercise Sciences Research Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Amamoto
- Food Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sungjin Park
- Exercise Sciences Research Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Honda
- Food Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akira Kushiro
- Microbiological Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsuji
- Basic Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kensuke Shimizu
- Microbiological Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Miyazaki
- Food Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Roy J Shephard
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Efunshile AM, Ezeanosike O, Nwangwu CC, König B, Jokelainen P, Robertson LJ. Apparent overuse of antibiotics in the management of watery diarrhoea in children in Abakaliki, Nigeria. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:275. [PMID: 30898105 PMCID: PMC6429783 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhoea remains an important cause of childhood mortality in Nigeria, with Rotavirus and Cryptosporidium reported to have the highest contribution. However, high use of antibiotics for treatment of paediatric diarrhoea has been observed, although World Health Organization guidelines discourage the use of antibiotics for treating acute diarrhoea. Here we investigated more closely management and treatment practices for acute paediatric diarrhoea, both in home and healthcare settings. METHODS Children under 5 years of age (n = 199) presenting at healthcare centres in Abakaliki, Nigeria with acute watery diarrhoea were included in the study. Background information on the children was collected by questionnaire, including home treatments, and clinical information including symptoms and treatment were provided by the healthcare centres. Analysis of faecal samples from the children indicated that over 90% had Rotavirus infection and over 6% Cryptosporidium infection. Data were compiled in a spreadsheet and analysed for associations between variables and use of antibiotics using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Although most children were treated supportively (oral rehydration solution and intravenous fluids at home and in healthcare settings, respectively) over 15% were given anti-diarrhoea drugs at home and over 85% were also prescribed antibiotics at the healthcare centre, mostly ciproflaxin, but also metronidazole and gentamycin. The only variable positively associated with antibiotic prescription was diarrhoea more than three times per 24 h at admission. CONCLUSIONS It is clear that young children presenting with acute watery diarrhoea to healthcare centres in Abakaliki are likely to be prescribed antibiotics, despite there being no obvious reason that this treatment is appropriate. Our study results support the need for institution-based antimicrobial stewardship being implemented in Nigeria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akinwale M. Efunshile
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Obumneme Ezeanosike
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | - Brigitte König
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University Teaching Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lucy J. Robertson
- Parasitology, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 369 Sentrum, 0102 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kara SS, Volkan B, Erten I. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG can protect malnourished children. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:237-244. [PMID: 30638398 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition affects virtually all organ systems, and malnourished children are more prone to infections. These children have dysbiosis, but probiotics can restore the disrupted gut microbiome. We investigated the protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in malnourished children in terms of incidence of infection, and anthropometric and metabolic parameters. 50 intervention and 50 control patients, aged 6 months to 5 years, with body weight and height below -2 SD, were randomly and prospectively recruited. The controls received a calorie and protein-appropriate diet for 3 months, while the study group additionally received approximately 109 L. rhamnosus GG for 3 months. Infection episodes and nutritional status were compared between the groups. 38 intervention, 33 control patients completed the study and the two groups were similar at baseline. The study group had fewer upper respiratory tract infections and gastroenteritis episodes at each month and at the end of the study. Children in the study group experienced fewer total upper respiratory infections and urinary tract infections. Hospitalisation was more frequent in the control group during the third month and at the end of the study. Total infection numbers were higher in the control group at each month and at the end of the study (P<0.001 for each). Increments in body mass index (BMI) and BMI Z-scores were more pronounced in the study group (P=0.008 and P=0.02, respectively). Daily prophylactic use of L. rhamnosus GG at 109 bacteria in malnourished children prevents most infections and improves nutritional status when used together with appropriate diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Kara
- 1 Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Regional Training and Research Hospital, 25280 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - B Volkan
- 2 Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Regional Training and Research Hospital, 25280 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - I Erten
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, Regional Training and Research Hospital, 25280 Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rostami FM, Mousavi H, Mousavi MRN, Shahsafi M. Efficacy of Probiotics in Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
26
|
Nagino T, Kaga C, Kano M, Masuoka N, Anbe M, Moriyama K, Maruyama K, Nakamura S, Shida K, Miyazaki K. Effects of fermented soymilk with Lactobacillus casei Shirota on skin condition and the gut microbiota: a randomised clinical pilot trial. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:209-218. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several clinical studies have shown that isoflavones and Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) have beneficial effects on skin condition and the gut microbiota, respectively. Thus, we investigated the effects of consecutive intake of fermented soymilk (FSM) with LcS on skin condition and the gut microbiota, as well as isoflavone bioavailability, in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial as a pilot study. Sixty healthy premenopausal Japanese women received FSM containing a moderate level of isoflavone aglycones and a probiotic LcS, or soymilk (SM) containing neither of them, twice a day for 8 weeks. Skin condition was assessed by a subjective questionnaire for face and morphological analysis of the stratum corneum on the inner forearm. Faecal microbiota and urinary isoflavone were analysed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Both the FSM and SM groups had improved skin condition as assessed from scores of overall satisfaction, dryness, moisture, elasticity, coarseness, pigmentation and/or stratum corneum morphology, as well as significantly increased levels of urinary isoflavones during the intake period compared with the pre-intake period, although there were no significant differences between the two groups. There was a significant positive correlation between urinary isoflavone levels and skin questionnaire scores. In contrast, the relative abundance levels of Lactobacillaceae significantly increased and those of Bifidobacteriaceae tended to increase during the intake period compared with the pre-intake period. For the after-intake period they only decreased significantly in the FSM group. The levels of Enterobacteriaceae and Porphyromonadaceae significantly decreased during the intake period in the FSM group. These findings suggest that daily intake of FSM, as well as SM, provides health benefits that improve skin condition via increased levels of isoflavone absorption in the body, and that only FSM beneficially modifies the gut microbiota in premenopausal healthy women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Nagino
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - C. Kaga
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - M. Kano
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - N. Masuoka
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - M. Anbe
- Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., 1-1-19 Higashi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8660, Japan
| | - K. Moriyama
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - K. Maruyama
- RIKEN Innovation Center, Nakamura Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S. Nakamura
- RIKEN Innovation Center, Nakamura Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K. Shida
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - K. Miyazaki
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Draper K, Ley C, Parsonnet J. Probiotic guidelines and physician practice: a cross-sectional survey and overview of the literature. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:507-519. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic use by patients and physicians has dramatically increased over the last decade, although definitive evidence is often lacking for their use. We examined probiotic-prescribing practices among health care providers (HCP) at a tertiary medical centre and compared these practices to clinical guidelines. HCP at the Stanford Medical Center received a survey on probiotic prescribing practices including choice of probiotic and primary indications. A broad overview of the literature was performed. Among 2,331 HCP surveyed, 632 responded. Of the 582 of these who routinely prescribed medications, 61% had recommended probiotic foods or supplements to their patients. Women and gastroenterologists were more likely to prescribe probiotics (odds ratio (OR): 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0-2.1; OR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.5-10.1, respectively). Among probiotic prescribers, 50% prescribed inconsistently or upon patient request, and 40% left probiotic choice to the patient. Common indications for probiotics, particularly Lactobacillus GG, were prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (79 and 66%, respectively). Probiotics were often prescribed for ‘general bowel health’ or at patient request (27 and 39% of responders, respectively). Most respondents (63%) thought an electronic medical record (EMR) pop-up would change probiotic prescribing patterns. However, a review of published guidelines and large trials found inconsistencies in probiotic indications, dosages and strain selection. Probiotic prescribing is common but lacks consistency, with choice of probiotic frequently left to the patient, even for indications with some strain-specific evidence. Implementation of EMR pop-ups/pocket guides may increase consistency in probiotic prescribing, although the lack of clear and consistent guidelines must first be addressed with large, well-designed clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Draper
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, MC 5187, Stanford, CA 94305-5119, USA
| | - C. Ley
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, MC 5187, Stanford, CA 94305-5119, USA
| | - J. Parsonnet
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, MC 5187, Stanford, CA 94305-5119, USA
- Health Research and Policy, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, 150 Governor’s Lane, HRP Redwood Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Aoyagi Y, Park S, Matsubara S, Honda Y, Amamoto R, Kushiro A, Miyazaki K, Shephard R. Habitual intake of fermented milk products containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota and a reduced risk of hypertension in older people. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:23-29. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated relationships between the frequent intake of fermented milk products containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) and the onset of hypertension (resting systemic pressure ≥140 mmHg [systolic]/≥90 mmHg [diastolic], a doctor’s diagnosis and/or antihypertensive medicine use) during a 5-year period in 352 communityliving Japanese aged 65 to 93 years (125 men and 227 women). Initially normotensive subjects were divided into two groups (n=254 and n=98) on the basis of their intake of fermented milk products (<3 or ≥3 times/week, respectively), as estimated during an interview by a certified nutritionist. The incidence of hypertension over the 5-year interval was significantly lower in those who took fermented milk products ≥3 rather than <3 times/week (6.1 vs 14.2%, P=0.037). A multivariate-adjusted proportional hazards model predicted that blood pressures were significantly more likely to remain normal over 5 years in subjects who took ≥3 fermented milk products rather than <3 times/ week (relative risk 0.398 [95% confidence interval 0.167-0.948], P=0.037). These results suggest that after adjustment for potential confounders, the risk of developing hypertension is substantially lower in elderly people who take fermented milk products containing LcS at least 3 times a week.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Aoyagi
- Exercise Sciences Research Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - S. Park
- Exercise Sciences Research Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - S. Matsubara
- Food Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, 11 Izumi 5-chome, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Y. Honda
- Food Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, 11 Izumi 5-chome, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - R. Amamoto
- Food Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, 11 Izumi 5-chome, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - A. Kushiro
- Microbiological Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, 11 Izumi 5-chome, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - K. Miyazaki
- Food Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, 11 Izumi 5-chome, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - R.J. Shephard
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Can Probiotics Reduce Diarrhea and Infant Mortality in Africa?: The Project of a Pilot Study. J Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 50 Suppl 2, Proceedings from the 8th Probiotics, Prebiotics & New Foods for Microbiota and Human Health meeting held in Rome, Italy on September 13-15, 2015:S120-S123. [PMID: 27741153 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea accounts for 9% of the mortality among children under 5 years of age worldwide, and it is significantly associated with malnutrition. Each year, diarrhea kills around 760,000 children under 5 years of age and most of these are in sub-Saharan Africa.In Uganda, the infant mortality rate of 58 per 1000 is unacceptably high, and the major contributors include malnutrition, diarrhea, pneumonia, malaria, prematurity, sepsis, and newborn illnesses.There is an urgent need for intervention to prevent and control diarrheal diseases. STUDY DESIGN Our open-label, randomized controlled study has the primary endpoint of reducing diarrhea and infectious diseases (number of episodes/severity) and the secondary endpoint of decreasing infant mortality. The trial is currently conducted in Luzira, a suburb of Kampala, the capital of Uganda, and in Gulu and Lira, in the north of Uganda.The study is projected to enroll 4000 babies (control=2000 and treatment=2000) who will be followed till 1 year of life. As controls, 2000 babies of the same community are planned to be considered.The probiotic product selected for the trial is composed of 3 designated microorganisms, namely Bifidobacterium breve BR03 (DSM 16604), B. breve B632 (DSM 24706), and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii LDD01 (DSM 22106). The concentration of the 3 bacteria is 10 viable cells/strain/daily dose (5 drops). PERSPECTIVES For a total sample of 4000 babies, the study has an 80% power at a 5% significance level.
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- Linda V Thomas
- Yakult UK Limited; Odyssey Business Park West End Road South Ruislip London HA4 6QQ UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Barnes D, Yeh AM. Bugs and Guts: Practical Applications of Probiotics for Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children. Nutr Clin Pract 2016; 30:747-59. [PMID: 26538058 DOI: 10.1177/0884533615610081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are foods or products that contain live microorganisms that benefit the host when administered. In this clinical review, we evaluate the literature associated with using probiotics in common pediatric gastrointestinal disorders, focusing specifically on antibiotic-associated diarrhea, acute gastroenteritis, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), colic, inflammatory bowel disease, and functional gastrointestinal diseases. Meta-analysis of several randomized controlled trials have confirmed benefit for the administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea and to treat acute infectious diarrhea. Individual studies have also suggested benefit of probiotics to prevent acute gastroenteritis and serve as an adjunct in ulcerative colitis, pouchitis, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, CDI, functional abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, and colic in breastfed babies. Although promising, larger well-designed studies need to confirm these findings. There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend probiotics for the treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome or Crohn's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Barnes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Stanford Children's Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Ann Ming Yeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Stanford Children's Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Anti-infective activities of lactobacillus strains in the human intestinal microbiota: from probiotics to gastrointestinal anti-infectious biotherapeutic agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 2016; 27:167-99. [PMID: 24696432 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00080-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast and diverse array of microbial species displaying great phylogenic, genomic, and metabolic diversity have colonized the gastrointestinal tract. Resident microbes play a beneficial role by regulating the intestinal immune system, stimulating the maturation of host tissues, and playing a variety of roles in nutrition and in host resistance to gastric and enteric bacterial pathogens. The mechanisms by which the resident microbial species combat gastrointestinal pathogens are complex and include competitive metabolic interactions and the production of antimicrobial molecules. The human intestinal microbiota is a source from which Lactobacillus probiotic strains have often been isolated. Only six probiotic Lactobacillus strains isolated from human intestinal microbiota, i.e., L. rhamnosus GG, L. casei Shirota YIT9029, L. casei DN-114 001, L. johnsonii NCC 533, L. acidophilus LB, and L. reuteri DSM 17938, have been well characterized with regard to their potential antimicrobial effects against the major gastric and enteric bacterial pathogens and rotavirus. In this review, we describe the current knowledge concerning the experimental antibacterial activities, including antibiotic-like and cell-regulating activities, and therapeutic effects demonstrated in well-conducted, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials of these probiotic Lactobacillus strains. What is known about the antimicrobial activities supported by the molecules secreted by such probiotic Lactobacillus strains suggests that they constitute a promising new source for the development of innovative anti-infectious agents that act luminally and intracellularly in the gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
|
33
|
Antiviral effects of Lactobacillus ruminis SPM0211 and Bifidobacterium longum SPM1205 and SPM1206 on rotavirus-infected Caco-2 cells and a neonatal mouse model. J Microbiol 2015; 53:796-803. [PMID: 26502964 PMCID: PMC7090939 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-015-5302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus is worldwide cause of severe gastroenteritis including severe diarrhea and fatal dehydration in infants and young children. There is an available vaccination program for preventing rotavirus infection, but it has limits and restrictions. Probiotics therapy could be an alternative method of antiviral prevention and modulation against rotavirus infection. In this study, we screened the antiviral activity of probiotic bacteria such as 3 Lactobacillus spp. and 14 Bifidobacterium spp. isolated from young Korean. Three of the bacteria, Lactobacillus ruminis SPM0211, Bifidobacterium longum SPM1205, and SPM1206, inhibited human strain Wa rotavirus infection in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, these bacterial strains inhibited rotavirus replication in a rotavirus-infected neonatal mouse model. To clarify the mechanism of inhibition, we investigated gene expression of Interferon (IFN)-signaling components and IFN-inducible antiviral effectors. All 3 probiotics increased IFN-α and IFN-β levels compared with the control. Gene expression of IFNsignaling components and IFN-inducible antiviral effectors also increased. Overall, these results indicate that L. ruminis SPM0211, B. longum SPM1205 and 1206 efficiently inhibit rotavirus replication in vitro and in vivo. Especially, the antiviral effect of Lactobacillus ruminis SPM0211 is worthy of notice. This is the first report of L. ruminis with antiviral activity. Anti-rotaviral effects of the 3 probiotics are likely due to their modulation of the immune response through promoting type I IFNs, which are key regulators in IFN signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
34
|
Caffarelli C, Cardinale F, Povesi-Dascola C, Dodi I, Mastrorilli V, Ricci G. Use of probiotics in pediatric infectious diseases. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:1517-35. [PMID: 26496433 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1096775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We summarize current evidence and recommendations for the use of probiotics in childhood infectious diseases. Probiotics may be of benefit in treating acute infectious diarrhea and reducing antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Potential benefits of probiotic on prevention of traveler's diarrhea,Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, side effects of triple therapy in Helicobacter pylori eradication, necrotizing enterocolitis, acute diarrhea, acute respiratory infections and recurrent urinary tract infections remain unclear. More studies are needed to investigate optimal strain, dosage, bioavailability of drops and tablets, duration of treatment and safety. Probiotics and recombinant probiotic strain represent a promising source of molecules for the development of novel anti-infectious therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Caffarelli
- a Clinica Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale , Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Parma, Università di Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Fabio Cardinale
- b Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Consorziale-Policlinico", Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII , Bari , Italy
| | - Carlotta Povesi-Dascola
- c Clinica Pediatrica , Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Parma, Università di Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Icilio Dodi
- d Dipartimento Cure Primarie, Pediatria Di Comunita` , Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Violetta Mastrorilli
- b Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Consorziale-Policlinico", Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII , Bari , Italy
| | - Giampaolo Ricci
- e Gozzadini" Children's Hospital , Policlinico S.Orsola - Malpighi University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
van den Nieuwboer M, Klomp-Hogeterp A, Verdoorn S, Metsemakers-Brameijer L, Vriend T, Claassen E, Larsen O. Improving the bowel habits of elderly residents in a nursing home using probiotic fermented milk. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:397-403. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to determine whether a fermented milk drink containing probiotics could improve the bowel habits of frail elderly individuals living in a nursing home. A total of 135 participants were enrolled in this pilot study. The bowel habits (stool quality and bowel movements) were recorded by nursing staff during a baseline period of 3 weeks. After this period participants received daily a fermented milk drink containing minimally 6.5×109 colony forming units of Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) for 6 weeks. During this period, bowel habits were recorded and compared to baseline period. Forty-four participants (74-99 years old) were compliant and used for analysis. Consumption of fermented milk containing LcS significantly increased the percentage of ideal stool types per week (P<0.01), lowered the percentage of constipation stool types per week (P<0.01) and significantly lowered the percentage of diarrhoea stool types per week (P=0.016) as compared to the baseline period. The study product had no significant effect on bowel movements. During the study, no changes in laxative usage or adverse events associated with the study product were reported. Our results suggest that a fermented milk containing LcS significantly improves the bowel habits of frail elderly residents in a nursing home. These promising results should be further substantiated by a confirmatory study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. van den Nieuwboer
- VU University Amsterdam, Athena Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - S. Verdoorn
- Talma Hof, Genemuidenstraat 4, 8304 GC Emmeloord, the Netherlands
| | | | - T.M. Vriend
- Hogeschool van Amsterdam, HvA Bewegen, Sport en Voeding, Dr. Meurerlaan 8, 1067 SM Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E. Claassen
- VU University Amsterdam, Athena Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Viroscience, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - O.F.A. Larsen
- Yakult Nederland BV, Handelsweg 59H, 1181 ZA Amstelveen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Akoglu B, Loytved A, Nuiding H, Zeuzem S, Faust D. Probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota improves kidney function, inflammation and bowel movements in hospitalized patients with acute gastroenteritis – A prospective study. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
38
|
|
39
|
van den Nieuwboer M, Brummer RJ, Guarner F, Morelli L, Cabana M, Claassen E. Safety of probiotics and synbiotics in children under 18 years of age. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:615-30. [PMID: 25809217 DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically evaluate safety of probiotics and synbiotics in children ageing 0-18 years. This study is the third and final part in a safety trilogy and an update is provided using the most recent available clinical data (2008-2013) by means of the Common Terminology Clinical Adverse Events (CTCAE version 4.0) classification. Safety aspects are represented and related to number of participants per probiotic strain/culture, study duration, dosage, clinical condition and selected afflictions. Analysis of 74 clinical studies indicated that probiotic and/or synbiotic administration in children is safe with regard to the specific evaluated strains, dosages and duration. The population of children include healthy, immune compromised and obese subjects, as well as subjects with intestinal disorders, infections and inflammatory disorders. This study revealed no major safety concerns, as the adverse events (AEs) were unrelated, or not suspected to be related, to the probiotic or synbiotic product. In general the study products were well tolerated. Overall, AEs occurred more frequent in the control arm compared to children receiving probiotics and/or synbiotics. Furthermore, the results indicate inadequate reporting and classification of AEs in the majority of the studies. In addition, generalizability of conclusions are greatly limited by the inconsistent, imprecise and potentially incomplete reporting as well as the variation in probiotic strains, dosages, administration regimes, study populations and reported outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M van den Nieuwboer
- 1 VU University Amsterdam, Athena Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R J Brummer
- 2 School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - F Guarner
- 3 Digestive System Research Unit, CIBERehd, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Morelli
- 4 Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica S.C., Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - M Cabana
- 5 University of California San Francisco (UCSF), Departments of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 3333 California Street, #245, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - E Claassen
- 1 VU University Amsterdam, Athena Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,6 Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Viroscience, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hajela N, Ramakrishna BS, Nair GB, Abraham P, Gopalan S, Ganguly NK. Gut microbiome, gut function, and probiotics: Implications for health. Indian J Gastroenterol 2015; 34:93-107. [PMID: 25917520 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-015-0547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
New insights from a rapidly developing field of research have ushered in a new era of understanding of the complexity of host-microbe interactions within the human body. The paradigm shift from culturing to metagenomics has provided an insight into the complex diversity of the microbial species that we harbor, revealing the fact that we are in fact more microbes than human cells. The largest consortium of these microbes resides in the gut and is called the gut microbiota. This new science has expanded the ability to document shifts in microbial populations to an unparalleled degree. It is now understood that signals from the microbiota provide trophic, nutritional, metabolic, and protective effects for the development and maintenance of the host digestive, immune, and neuroendocrine system. Evidence linking changes in the gut microbiota to gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders like irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, diabetes, and celiac disease have begun to emerge recently. Probiotics act through diverse mechanisms positively affecting the composition and/or function of the commensal microbiota and alter host immunological responses. Well-controlled intervention trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis provide convincing evidence for the benefit of probiotics in prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal as well as extraintestinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neerja Hajela
- Yakult India Microbiota and Probiotic Science Foundation, 52, Okhla Industrial Estate, Phase 3, New Delhi, 110 020, India,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gutierrez-Castrellon P, Lopez-Velazquez G, Diaz-Garcia L, Jimenez-Gutierrez C, Mancilla-Ramirez J, Estevez-Jimenez J, Parra M. Diarrhea in preschool children and Lactobacillus reuteri: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 2014; 133:e904-9. [PMID: 24639271 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether daily administration of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 reduces the frequency and duration of diarrheal episodes and other health outcomes in day school children in Mexico. METHODS Healthy children (born at term, aged 6-36 months) attending day care centers were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. They received L reuteri DSM 17938 (dose 10(8) colony-forming unit; n = 168) or identical placebo (n = 168) by mouth, daily for 3 months, after which they were followed-up after a further 3 months without supplementation. RESULTS Data from all children were included in the final analysis. L reuteri DSM 17938 significantly reduced the frequency and duration of episodes of diarrhea and respiratory tract infection at both 3 and 6 months (P < .05). Additionally, the number of doctor visits, antibiotic use, absenteeism from day school and parental absenteeism from work were significantly reduced in the L reuteri group (P < .05). A cost-benefit analysis revealed significant reductions in costs in the L reuteri-treated children. No adverse events related to the study product were reported. CONCLUSIONS In healthy children attending day care centers, daily administration of L reuteri DSM 17938 had a significant effect in reducing episodes and duration of diarrhea and respiratory tract infection, with consequent cost savings for the community.
Collapse
|
42
|
Sheridan PO, Bindels LB, Saulnier DM, Reid G, Nova E, Holmgren K, O'Toole PW, Bunn J, Delzenne N, Scott KP. Can prebiotics and probiotics improve therapeutic outcomes for undernourished individuals? Gut Microbes 2014; 5:74-82. [PMID: 24637591 PMCID: PMC4049942 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.27252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It has become clear in recent years that the human intestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining health and thus is an attractive target for clinical interventions. Scientists and clinicians have become increasingly interested in assessing the ability of probiotics and prebiotics to enhance the nutritional status of malnourished children, pregnant women, the elderly, and individuals with non-communicable disease-associated malnutrition. A workshop was held by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP), drawing on the knowledge of experts from industry, medicine, and academia, with the objective to assess the status of our understanding of the link between the microbiome and under-nutrition, specifically in relation to probiotic and prebiotic treatments for under-nourished individuals. These discussions led to four recommendations: (1) The categories of malnourished individuals need to be differentiated To improve treatment outcomes, subjects should first be categorized based on the cause of malnutrition, additional health-concerns, differences in the gut microbiota, and sociological considerations. (2) Define a baseline "healthy" gut microbiota for each category Altered nutrient requirement (for example, in pregnancy and old age) and individual variation may change what constitutes a healthy gut microbiota for the individual. (3) Perform studies using model systems to test the effectiveness of potential probiotics and prebiotics against these specific categories These should illustrate how certain microbiota profiles can be altered, as members of different categories may respond differently to the same treatment. (4) Perform robust well-designed human studies with probiotics and/or prebiotics, with appropriate, defined primary outcomes and sample size These are critical to show efficacy and understand responder and non-responder outcomes. It is hoped that these recommendations will lead to new approaches that combat malnutrition. This report is the result of discussion during an expert workshop titled "How do the microbiota and probiotics and/or prebiotics influence poor nutritional status?" held during the 10th Meeting of the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) in Cork, Ireland from October 1-3, 2012. The complete list of workshop attendees is shown in Table 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul O Sheridan
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen, UK,Department of Microbiology & Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Louvain Drug Research Institute; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Gregor Reid
- Lawson Health Research Institute; London, ON Canada
| | - Esther Nova
- Institute of Food Science; Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN)-CSIC; Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paul W O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology & Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College Cork; Cork, Ireland
| | - James Bunn
- Alder Hey Childrens NHS Foundation Trust; Eaton Road; Liverpool, UK
| | - Nathalie Delzenne
- Louvain Drug Research Institute; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karen P Scott
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen, UK,Correspondence to: Karen P Scott,
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
|
45
|
A Lactobacillus casei Shirota probiotic drink reduces antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in patients with spinal cord injuries: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:672-8. [PMID: 24044687 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513002973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Certain probiotics may prevent the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD), but their effectiveness depends on both strain and dose. There are few data on nutritional interventions to control AAD/CDAD in the spinal cord injury (SCI) population. The present study aimed to assess (1) the efficacy of consuming a commercially produced probiotic containing at least 6·5 × 10⁹ live Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) in reducing the incidence of AAD/CDAD, and (2) whether undernutrition and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are risk factors for AAD/CDAD. A total of 164 SCI patients (50·1 (sd 17·8) years) with a requirement for antibiotics (median 21 d, range 5-366) were randomly allocated to receive LcS (n 76) or no probiotic (n 82). LcS was given once daily for the duration of the antibiotic course and continued for 7 days thereafter. Nutritional risk was assessed by the Spinal Nutrition Screening Tool. The LcS group had a significantly lower incidence of AAD (17·1 v. 54·9%, P< 0·001). At baseline, 65% of patients were at undernutrition risk. Undernutrition (64·1 v. 33·3%, P< 0·01) and the use of PPI (38·4 v. 12·1 %, P= 0·022) were found to be associated with AAD. However, no significant difference was observed in nutrient intake between the groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified poor appetite ( < 1/2 meals eaten) (OR 5·04, 95% CI 1·28, 19·84) and no probiotic (OR 8·46, 95% CI 3·22, 22·20) as the independent risk factors for AAD. The present study indicated that LcS could reduce the incidence of AAD in hospitalised SCI patients. A randomised, placebo-controlled study is needed to confirm this apparent therapeutic success in order to translate into improved clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
46
|
Smokvina T, Wels M, Polka J, Chervaux C, Brisse S, Boekhorst J, van Hylckama Vlieg JET, Siezen RJ. Lactobacillus paracasei comparative genomics: towards species pan-genome definition and exploitation of diversity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68731. [PMID: 23894338 PMCID: PMC3716772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus paracasei is a member of the normal human and animal gut microbiota and is used extensively in the food industry in starter cultures for dairy products or as probiotics. With the development of low-cost, high-throughput sequencing techniques it has become feasible to sequence many different strains of one species and to determine its "pan-genome". We have sequenced the genomes of 34 different L. paracasei strains, and performed a comparative genomics analysis. We analysed genome synteny and content, focussing on the pan-genome, core genome and variable genome. Each genome was shown to contain around 2800-3100 protein-coding genes, and comparative analysis identified over 4200 ortholog groups that comprise the pan-genome of this species, of which about 1800 ortholog groups make up the conserved core. Several factors previously associated with host-microbe interactions such as pili, cell-envelope proteinase, hydrolases p40 and p75 or the capacity to produce short branched-chain fatty acids (bkd operon) are part of the L. paracasei core genome present in all analysed strains. The variome consists mainly of hypothetical proteins, phages, plasmids, transposon/conjugative elements, and known functions such as sugar metabolism, cell-surface proteins, transporters, CRISPR-associated proteins, and EPS biosynthesis proteins. An enormous variety and variability of sugar utilization gene cassettes were identified, with each strain harbouring between 25-53 cassettes, reflecting the high adaptability of L. paracasei to different niches. A phylogenomic tree was constructed based on total genome contents, and together with an analysis of horizontal gene transfer events we conclude that evolution of these L. paracasei strains is complex and not always related to niche adaptation. The results of this genome content comparison was used, together with high-throughput growth experiments on various carbohydrates, to perform gene-trait matching analysis, in order to link the distribution pattern of a specific phenotype to the presence/absence of specific sets of genes.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diarrhea is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children younger than 5 years in impoverished regions of the world. Our aim was to compare the fecal microbiota of healthy children with that of children with clinical diarrhea in a population from a tropical highland in Colombia, South America. Our hypothesis was that a reduced prevalence of inherent Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species would be associated with enteric viral and bacterial pathogens. METHODS Children between 1 and 5 years of age from 2 different locations were evaluated for presence of clinical diarrhea. Nucleic acid, isolated from fecal samples, was used to determine by molecular protocols the abundance of inherent bacterial species and presence of enteric pathogens compared with clinically healthy children. The effect of host demographic factors on incidence of diarrhea was also analyzed. RESULTS : The composition of the fecal microbiota was affected by host demographic factors: age, health status, location, and sex. In partial support of our hypothesis, the relative abundance of commensal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species was inversely correlated with incidence of diarrhea regardless of location. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that changes in fecal microbiota composition of children with clinical diarrhea are associated with certain demographic factors that should be considered before designing a prophylactic intervention. Delivery of certain Lactobacillus species and Bifidobacterium species or a diet rich in bifidogenic components that promote growth of Bifidobacterium species could provide a prophylactic effect to ameliorate the effect of diarrhea in children at risk.
Collapse
|
48
|
Nair GB, Ramamurthy T, Sur D, Kurakawa T, Takahashi T, Nomoto K, Takeda Y. Vibrio cholerae/mimicus in fecal microbiota of healthy children in a cholera endemic urban slum setting in Kolkata, India. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 56:789-91. [PMID: 22882566 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.00497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled probiotic trial among 3758 children residing in an urban slum in Kolkata, India, Vibrio cholerae/mimicus was detected in fecal microbiota of healthy children. The importance of this finding in the local, regional and global transmission of cholera is discussed.
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The role of the gut microbiome in human health and disease with a particular emphasis on therapeutic use of probiotics under specific medical conditions was mainly highlighted in 1st Annual conference of Probiotic Association of India (PAi) and International Symposium on “Probiotics for Human Health - New Innovations and Emerging Trends” held on 27th-28th August, 2012 at New Delhi, India. There is increasing recognition of the fact that dysbiosis or alteration of this gut microbiome may be implicated in gastro-intestinal disorders including diarrheal diseases, ulcerative colitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, life style diseases viz. Diabetes Mellitus-2 and obesity etc. This report summarizes the proceedings of the conference and the symposium comprehensively. Although, research on probiotics has been continuing for the past few decades, the subject has been currently the major focus of attention across the world due to recent advances and new developments in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and emergence of new generation of high through put sequencing technologies that have immensely helped in understanding the probiotic functionality and mode of action from nutritional and health perspectives. There is now sufficient evidence backed up with good quality scientific clinical data to suggest that probiotic interventions could indeed be effective in various types of diarrheal diseases, other chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders like pouchitis, necrotizing entero-colitis, allergic responses and lactose intolerance etc. This report makes a modest attempt to give all the stake holders involved in development of probiotic based functional/health foods an overview of the current status of probiotics research at the Global and National level. The most crucial issues that emerged from the lead talks delivered by the eminent speakers from India and abroad were the major focus of discussions in different plenary and technical sessions. By discussing some of these issues from scientific perspectives, the conference could achieve its prime objective of disseminating the current knowledge on the prospects of probiotics as potential biotherapeutics in the management of human health and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Grover
- Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lemon KP, Armitage GC, Relman DA, Fischbach MA. Microbiota-targeted therapies: an ecological perspective. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4:137rv5. [PMID: 22674555 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The connection between disease and the disruption of homeostatic interactions between the host and its microbiota is now well established. Drug developers and clinicians are starting to rely more heavily on therapies that directly target the microbiota and on the ecology of the microbiota to understand the outcomes of these treatments. The effects of those microbiota-targeted therapies that alter community composition range in scale from eliminating individual strains of a single species (for example, with antibacterial conjugate vaccines) to replacing the entire community with a new intact microbiota (for example, by fecal transplantation). Secondary infections linked to antibiotic use provide a cautionary tale of the unintended consequences of perturbing a microbial species network and highlight the need for new narrow-spectrum antibiotics with rapid companion diagnostics. Insights into microbial ecology will also benefit the development of probiotics, whose therapeutic prospects will depend on rigorous clinical testing. Future probiotics may take the form of a consortium of long-term community residents: "a fecal transplant in a capsule." The efficacy of microbiota-targeted therapies will need to be assessed using new diagnostic tools that measure community function rather than composition, including the temporal response of a microbial community to a defined perturbation such as an antibiotic or probiotic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine P Lemon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|