1
|
Burack JA, Bombay A, Kirmayer LJ. Cultural continuity, identity, and resilience among indigenous youth: Honoring the legacies of Michael Chandler and Christopher Lalonde. Transcult Psychiatry 2024:13634615241257349. [PMID: 39056364 DOI: 10.1177/13634615241257349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This essay is an introduction to the thematic issue of Transcultural Psychiatry in honor of the work of Michael Chandler and Christopher Lalonde, developmental psychologists who made essential contributions to the study of identity and wellness among Indigenous youth in Canada and internationally. We outline their major contributions and illustrate the ways their innovative theory and methods have inspired decades of research, including the recent work presented in this issue, which addresses four broad themes: (1) the importance of a developmental perspective in mental health research; (2) the role of individual and collective continuity of identity in suicide prevention and mental health promotion; (3) Indigenous perspectives on trauma and resilience; and (4) Indigenous knowledge and values as a basis for culturally adapted and culturally grounded mental health services and interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Burack
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Canada
| | - Amy Bombay
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Terrana A, Al-Delaimy W. A systematic review of cross-cultural measures of resilience and its promotive and protective factors. Transcult Psychiatry 2023; 60:733-750. [PMID: 37097913 PMCID: PMC10504813 DOI: 10.1177/13634615231167661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
As psychological resilience has been increasingly recognized as contextually constructed, mixed methods studies that map out local ecologies of resilience have become increasingly common. However, the direct adaptation of quantitative tools for cross-cultural use based on qualitative findings has been relatively lacking. The current review aims to provide an overview of existing measures of resilience used cross-culturally and to synthesize the protective and promotive factors and processes (PPFP) of resilience identified within these measures into a single resource. A January 2021 search of PubMed for studies of the development of psychological resilience measures that excluded studies of non-psychological resilience yielded 58 unique measures. These measures contain 54 unique PPFP of resilience, ranging from individual to communal-level characteristics. This review is intended to serve as a complementary tool for adapting standardized measures for stakeholders requiring an assessment tool that is attuned to their context for mental health risk assessment and intervention evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec Terrana
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Wael Al-Delaimy
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aksoy D, Simões C, Favre CA. Exposure to Intimate-Partner Violence and Resilience Trajectories of Adolescents: A Two-Wave Longitudinal Latent Transition Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095676. [PMID: 37174193 PMCID: PMC10177968 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the serious emotional and social consequences of adolescents' exposure to intimate-partner violence (IPV) and the high prevalence of this exposure, few analyses have focused on person-centered models or considered psychological IPV. Studies that address exposure to violence tend to focus on physical IPV. Therefore, in this study, we examine (across two waves) the trajectories of resilience among adolescents who have witnessed psychological IPV by conducting a latent transition analysis and predicting class membership through socio-demographic and individual-level protective factors. Using a sample of 879 (T1, fall 2020) and 770 (T2, spring 2022) adolescent Swiss students with mean ages of 11.74 (SD = 0.64) and 13.77 (SD = 0.53), we identified four distinct time-invariant resilience classes: comorbid-frustrated, internalizing-frustrated, comorbid-satisfied, and resilient. The classes characterized by some level of psychopathological symptoms and basic psychological-needs frustration were the most stable over time. Furthermore, we found the four typical resilience trajectories: recovery, chronic, delayed, and improving. Gender, socioeconomic background, and protective factors showed a significant prediction of class membership in wave 1, highlighting the importance of increasing sensitivity to psychological-IPV exposure on the one hand, and reinforcing the relevance of prevention in schools regarding the promotion of protective factors on the other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Aksoy
- Department of Research and Development, School of Education, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Celeste Simões
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Céline Anne Favre
- Department of Research and Development, School of Education, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo R, He Y. Narrative resilience in the cross-regional support of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak: The Chinese experiences of cultural input. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2022; 82:103376. [PMID: 36267110 PMCID: PMC9562614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The healthcare staff who supported Wuhan's rescue work were the first batch of cross-regional supporters during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. To determine the cultural factors that affected their mental health and resilience, as well as the processes that organizations and individuals underwent to transform cultural resources into benefits. This study collected narrative materials in the form of national and individual statements and used Social Ecology of Resilience theory to analyse them. It identified and analysed the cultural factors of resilience in macrosystems, mesosystems, and microsystems according to four themes, namely: cognition, emotion, will, and behaviour. Altogether, it was found that the national voice adopted an optimistic narrative tone reminiscent of that used during the context of war and that the personal or public voice approved of it. The study revealed that the party and government's use of moral narration derived from its heritage culture and its belief in its continuity in new China's culture served as a mechanism of cultural resilience and mobilisation. The above is the experience of the operation of living culture (LC) and cultural heritage (CH) mentioned in Culture Based Development (CBD). In light of this, it was concluded that the predominant form of cultural input during China's national public health crisis has been storytelling with narrative resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruitong Guo
- School of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiqing He
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sellers R, Riglin L, Harold GT, Thapar A. Using genetic designs to identify likely causal environmental contributions to psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1-13. [PMID: 36200346 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The multifactorial nature of psychopathology, whereby both genetic and environmental factors contribute risk, has long been established. In this paper, we provide an update on genetically informative designs that are utilized to disentangle genetic and environmental contributions to psychopathology. We provide a brief reminder of quantitative behavioral genetic research designs that have been used to identify potentially causal environmental processes, accounting for genetic contributions. We also provide an overview of recent molecular genetic approaches that utilize genome-wide association study data which are increasingly being applied to questions relevant to psychopathology research. While genetically informative designs typically have been applied to investigate the origins of psychopathology, we highlight how these approaches can also be used to elucidate potential causal environmental processes that contribute to developmental course and outcomes. We highlight the need to use genetically sensitive designs that align with intervention and prevention science efforts, by considering strengths-based environments to investigate how positive environments can mitigate risk and promote children's strengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Sellers
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Lucy Riglin
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gordon T Harold
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anita Thapar
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wister A, Klasa K, Linkov I. A Unified Model of Resilience and Aging: Applications to COVID-19. Front Public Health 2022; 10:865459. [PMID: 35685765 PMCID: PMC9170899 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.865459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drawing on multidisciplinary research focusing on a spectrum ranging from individual experience to structural system-level risk response and resilience, this article develops a rationale for a Unified Model of Resilience and Aging (UMRA). In response to a broad range of adversities associated with aging, it details the ways in which some individuals are able to bounce back better than others, or adapt better than expected, termed resilience. However, resilience and aging theoretical models have developed out of different disciplinary developments, ranging from individual levels to structural level complex systems, including several gerontological theoretical models addressing adaptation to life course and aging processes. The article reviews and synthesizes prior conceptual and theoretical work, and their empirical groundings, in order to develop an integrated resilience model with wide applications to aging-related problems including chronic illness, mental health, widowhood, poverty, caregiving burden, etc. The article focuses specifically on COVID-19 pandemic risk, response and resilience in order to specify applications of the UMRA, and to suggest avenues for future research and testing of theoretical axioms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wister
- Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Andrew Wister ; orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-7428
| | - Katarzyna Klasa
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Igor Linkov
- United States Army Corps of Engineers, Engineering Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, United States
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburg, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aksoy D, Favre CA, Janousch C, Ertanir B. Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Adolescents With and Without Experiences of Physical Parental Violence, a Latent Profile Analysis on Violence Resilience. Front Psychol 2022; 13:824543. [PMID: 35432093 PMCID: PMC9008205 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.824543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Questionnaire data from a cross-sectional study on social resilience in adolescence, with a sample of N = 1,974 Swiss seventh grade high school students ages 12-14 (M = 11.76; SD = 0.65) was used to identify and compare violence resilience profiles. Person-centered latent profile analysis (LPA) was applied and allowed for the grouping of adolescents into profiles of internalizing (depression/anxiety, dissociation) and externalizing symptoms (peer aggression, peer victimization, classroom disruption) and differentiation of adolescents with (n = 403) and without (n = 1,571) physical parental violence experiences. Subsequently, a multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to further investigate the sociodemographic predictors of violence resilience profiles. With LPA, we identified four distinct profiles for both adolescent groups (with and without parental physical violence experiences). The results showed three particularly burdened profiles of adolescents, one with higher externalizing and one with higher internalizing symptoms, which did not occur simultaneously to the same extent. Furthermore, the third profile contained adolescents with both elevated internalizing and externalizing symptoms, the comorbid profile. The fourth profile consisted of the majority of adolescents, who exhibited little or no internalizing and externalizing symptoms, the so-called no/low symptomatic profile. A differentiated view of the symptoms can create added value regarding the understanding of violence resilience. Moreover, in the multinomial logistic regression, significant associations were found between the profiles and adolescents' gender in the group of adolescents with parental physical violence experiences, but none were found in relation to sociocultural status and migration background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Aksoy
- Department of Research and Development, School of Education, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Windisch, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Protective factors associated with academic resilience of adolescents in individualist and collectivist cultures: Evidence from PISA 2018 large scale assessment. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
9
|
Vazquez AY, Shewark EA, Clark DA, Klump KL, Hyde LW, Burt SA. The Etiology of Resilience to Disadvantage. JCPP ADVANCES 2022; 1. [PMID: 35253004 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although early-life exposure to chronic disadvantage is associated with deleterious outcomes, 40-60% of exposed youth continue to thrive. To date, little is known about the etiology of these resilient outcomes. Methods The current study examined child twin families living in disadvantaged contexts (N=417 pairs) to elucidate the etiology of resilience. We evaluated maternal reports of the Child Behavior Checklist to examine three domains of resilience and general resilience. Results Genetic, shared, and nonshared environmental influences significantly contributed to social resilience (22%, 61%, 17%, respectively) and psychiatric resilience (40%, 28%, 32%, respectively), but academic resilience was influenced only by genetic and nonshared environmental influences (65% and 35%, respectively). These three domains loaded significantly onto a latent resilience factor, with factor loadings ranging from .60 to .34. A common pathway model revealed that the variance common to all three forms of resilience was predominantly explained by genetic and non-shared environmental influences (50% and 35%, respectively). Conclusions These results support recent conceptualizations of resilience as a multifaceted construct influenced by both genetic and environmental influences, only some of which overlap across the various domains of resilience.
Collapse
|
10
|
Brewer R, Hood KB, Hotton A, Moore M, Spieldenner A, Daunis C, Mukherjee S, Sprague L, Schneider JA, Smith-Davis M, Brown G, Bowen B. Associations Between Experienced HIV Stigma, Resulting Consequences, and the HIV Care Continuum: Moderating Effects of Two Resilience Characteristics Among Persons Living with HIV (PLWH) in Louisiana. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 9:9-22. [PMID: 33211250 PMCID: PMC7676401 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HIV-related stigma continues to serve as a major barrier to HIV care. HIV stigma reduction interventions are urgently needed to promote and protect the health of persons living with HIV (PLWH). Resilience has been identified as a potential leverage to mitigate the impact of HIV-related stigma among PLWH. METHODS We examined whether two resilience measures (i.e., social support and resilience assets and resources [RAR]) moderated the relationship between experienced HIV stigma and the HIV care continuum as well as how they moderated the relationship between the consequences of experienced HIV stigma (CES) and the HIV care continuum among 300 PLWH in Louisiana. Separate bootstrapping analyses were conducted to test for evidence of moderated moderation. RESULTS Most participants were Black (79%) and had been living with HIV for 10 years or more. A relatively high sample of men who have sex with men (MSM) were enrolled (37%). The most common CES were depression (67%). The most common manifestation of experienced HIV stigma was being gossiped about (53%). Participants reported moderate levels of social support. In terms of RAR, most participants (71%) reported that they knew of groups that could support them in responding to experienced HIV stigma. After adjusting for potential covariates, social support and RAR both significantly moderated the relationship between experienced HIV stigma and length of time since their last HIV care visit, B(SE) = .003(.001), p = .03. At high levels of RAR and high levels of social support, those with higher levels of experienced HIV stigma reported a longer length of time since their last HIV care visit than those who reported lower levels of experienced HIV stigma (B(SE) = .17(.04), p < .001). RAR moderated the relationship between social support and HIV care, B(SE) = .01(.004), p < .001. Those who experienced greater CES reported a longer length of time since their last doctor's visit B(SE) = .04(.02), p < .05. Experienced HIV stigma was not significantly associated with viral load results. However, social support significantly moderated the relationship between experienced stigma and viral load results. At higher levels of social support, those who experienced lower levels of stigma were more likely to report an undetectable viral load than those who had higher levels of stigma, B(SE) = - .13(.03), p < .001. Finally, both RAR and social support moderated the relationship between CES and viral load results. Those who reported higher levels of RAR B(SE) = - .07(.02), p < .001, and social support, B(SE) = - .02(.01), p < .05, also reported having an undetectable viral load at most recent HIV care visit. CES was not significantly related to reporting an undetectable viral load (p = .61). CONCLUSIONS Enrolled PLWH already have some level of resilience which plays an important protective role within the context of the HIV care continuum up to a certain extent. Interventions to enhance the RAR and social support components may be useful especially among MSM and persons who have been living with HIV for a shorter period of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell Brewer
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5837 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 5065, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | | | - Anna Hotton
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5837 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 5065, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | | | | | | | - Snigdha Mukherjee
- Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Laurel Sprague
- Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - John A. Schneider
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5837 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 5065, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | | | - Gina Brown
- Southern AIDS Coalition, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Brandi Bowen
- New Orleans Regional AIDS Planning Council, New Orleans, LA USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Matsumoto N, Sugimoto T, Kuroda Y, Uchida K, Kishino Y, Arai H, Sakurai T. Psychological Resilience Among Older Japanese Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:898990. [PMID: 35757230 PMCID: PMC9226331 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.898990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological resilience refers to the ability to cope with adversities, and deficits in resilience might lead to mental illness. The COVID-19 pandemic has had impact on psychological resilience for older adults, but there are as yet no data on its impacts on the mental health of older adults who were living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological resilience in older adults with MCI and to explore associated physical and psychosocial factors. In this cross-sectional study of 268 older adults aged 65-85, we defined MCI as age- and education-adjusted cognitive decline with a standard deviation of 1.0 or more from the reference threshold. During December 2020 to April 2021, we carried out to all participants the 10-item version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) to measure psychological resilience. We also conducted a comprehensive geriatric assessment including sleep quality and depressive symptoms (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, respectively). To identify factors associated with CD-RISC-10 scores (mean: 23.3 ± 0.4), multiple regression analysis revealed that older age [coefficient = 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.06-0.39] was significantly correlated with higher scores, whereas poor sleep quality (coefficient = -2.06, 95% CI = -3.93 to -0.19) and depressive symptoms (coefficient = -2.95, 95% CI = -5.70 to -0.21) were significantly correlated with lower scores. In this study, older adults with MCI showed low psychological resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, and people with low psychological resilience indicated poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest directions for devising interventions to maintain mental health and psychological resilience among the vulnerable population of older adults with MCI living under the socially isolated conditions of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Our recommendation includes continuous assessment of this population and appropriate care for poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanae Matsumoto
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Taiki Sugimoto
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yujiro Kuroda
- Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Uchida
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kishino
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Department of Prevention and Care Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ross PM, Scanes E, Poronnik P, Coates H, Locke W. Understanding STEM academics' responses and resilience to educational reform of academic roles in higher education. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STEM EDUCATION 2022; 9:11. [PMID: 35127335 PMCID: PMC8796749 DOI: 10.1186/s40594-022-00327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Across the globe, there have been significant reforms to improve STEM education at all levels. A significant part of this has been teacher reform. While the responses and resilience of STEM teachers to educational reforms in secondary education have received significant attention, the responses and resilience of STEM teachers in higher education remains understudied. In higher education, educational reforms of academic roles have seen increasing numbers of STEM academics focussed on education. Responses of STEM academics to education reform of the academic role have some parallels with teacher resilience, but there are also potential misalignments within a culture which values and prioritises science disciplinary research. This study examined the responses of STEM academics in higher education to educational reform of the academic role using the theoretical construct of resilience and Bronfenbrenner's socio-ecological model. This was a 2-year case study of 32 academics and senior educational leaders in higher education in STEM. Data collection included semi-structured interviews which were theme coded and inductively analysed. RESULTS The responses and resilience of STEM academics focussed on education appeared to be dependent on interactions between individual disposition in the microsystem and influences of the exosystem and the external macrosystem. Five major themes emerged about the value and quality, scholarship and expertise, progress and mobility, status and identity and community and culture of STEM academics focussed on education. The exosystem was a significant unidirectional influence on STEM academics where judgements were made concerning academic performance, awards, and promotion. Responses of senior leaders in the exosystem were influenced by the macrosystem and culture of science. Academics focussed on research, rather than education were more valued and more likely to be both financially rewarded and promoted. CONCLUSION During this pressured decade, where COVID-19 has intensified stress, more attention on the direction and reciprocal relationships in the socio-ecological model of higher education is needed in order for educational reform in higher education STEM to be effective. Resilience of STEM academics to educational reform in higher education is a dynamic quality, and the capacity to "bounce back", learn from challenges, and realise expectations of educational reform will depend on an understanding of resilience and support of Bronfenbrenner's spheres of influence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Mary Ross
- Melbourne Centre for the Study of Higher Education (Melbourne–CSHE), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- The University of Sydney of School Life and Environmental Science, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - E. Scanes
- The University of Sydney of School Life and Environmental Science, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - P. Poronnik
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - H. Coates
- Institute of Education, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - W. Locke
- Melbourne Centre for the Study of Higher Education (Melbourne–CSHE), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Barry ES, McKenna JJ. Reasons mothers bedshare: A review of its effects on infant behavior and development. Infant Behav Dev 2021; 66:101684. [PMID: 34929477 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bedsharing is controversial for nighttime caregiving in the U.S. today, as in most of the West. However, from the standpoint of evolutionary pediatrics, anthropology, and cultural psychology, bedsharing is not controversial at all, representing the context for human infant evolution and conferring a host of physiological benefits to the infant as well as the mother. In an effort to understand the rise in Western bedsharing in recent decades (and following Ball, 2002; McKenna & Volpe, 2007), Salm Ward (2015) systematically reviewed the literature on mother-infant bedsharing and identified ten reasons why mothers choose to bedshare: (1) breastfeeding, (2) comforting for mother or infant, (3) better/more sleep for infant or parent, (4) monitoring, (5) bonding/ attachment, (6) environmental reasons, (7) crying, (8) cultural or familial traditions, (9) disagree with danger, and (10) maternal instinct. The current paper offers the "review behind the review," highlighting the scientific evidence behind the reasons mothers give for their decision to bedshare, focusing on how mothers' decisions about infant sleep location influence infant behavior and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine S Barry
- Human Development & Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, Fayette, The Eberly Campus, USA.
| | - James J McKenna
- Mother-Baby Sleep Lab, Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA; Department of Anthropology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bogdanov S, Girnyk A, Chernobrovkina V, Chernobrovkin V, Vinogradov O, Garbar K, Kovalevskaya Y, Basenko O, Ivanyuk I, Hook K, Wessells M. Developing a Culturally Relevant Measure of Resilience for War-Affected Adolescents in Eastern Ukraine. JOURNAL ON EDUCATION IN EMERGENCIES 2021; 7:311-334. [PMID: 35813349 PMCID: PMC9269487 DOI: 10.33682/wxrd-x8fq] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial support in education that is provided during emergencies frequently aims to support children's resilience, but strong, contextual measures of resilience are in short supply in Eastern Europe. In this article, our aim is to describe the development and psychometric properties of the first measure of resilience for war-affected adolescents in Eastern Ukraine. We used qualitative methods to identify the main cultural characteristics of resiliency and then used these constructs to develop the measure. We used exploratory structural equation modeling to extract five factors that showed high internal consistency: family support (ω=0.89), optimism (ω=0.87), persistence (ω=0.87), health (ω=0.86), and social networking (ω=0.87). Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that a concise model of resiliency fit the data almost as well as the exploratory structural equation modeling model. The measure demonstrated good test-retest reliability. In this article, we also discuss the importance of development, validation, and the use of culturally relevant measures of resilience for strengthening psychosocial support programs in schools, particularly in Ukraine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Bogdanov
- National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Center for Mental Health and Psychosocial Support
| | - Andriy Girnyk
- National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Department of Psychology and Pedagogy
| | - Vira Chernobrovkina
- National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Department of Psychology and Pedagogy
| | | | | | - Kateryna Garbar
- National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Center for Mental Health and Psychosocial Support
| | - Yuliya Kovalevskaya
- National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Center for Mental Health and Psychosocial Support
| | - Oksana Basenko
- National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Center for Mental Health and Psychosocial Support
| | - Irina Ivanyuk
- National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Center for Mental Health and Psychosocial Support
| | - Kimberly Hook
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Mike Wessells
- Columbia University, Program on Forced Migration and Health
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
O'Neill A, Jayawickreme N, Blackie LE, Demaske A, Goonasekera MA, Jayawickreme E. Knowing when someone is resilient: Development and validation of a measure of adaptive functioning among war-affected Sri Lankan Tamils. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
|
16
|
Resilience in Times of Economic Boom and Bust: A Narrative Study of a Rural Population Dependent upon the Oil and Gas Industry. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2021; 28:149-161. [PMID: 34720567 PMCID: PMC8550031 DOI: 10.1007/s10804-020-09363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
How do residents of small towns that depend on oil and gas extraction or processing industries withstand economic boom and bust cycles? To answer this question, this article reports on a narrative analysis of residents’ life stories gathered from 37 adults of a small town on the Canadian prairies dependent on the oil and gas industry, employing the theories of narrative inquiry and narrative identity. Participants aged 30 to 76 were interviewed and their experiences of living in an unstable economy that is dependent mostly on a single resource extraction industry were explored. Specifically, we asked participants about the effect of economic change on factors related to resilience like family interactions, work choices, educational pathways, and the quality of their social lives. Our analysis of adult narratives looked for patterns in the relationship between risk exposure, promotive and protective factors at multiple systemic levels (individual, relational, cultural), and functional outcomes such as individual coping, community cohesion, and social and economic sustainability. Results show that a strong identity, in particular expressions of personal agency, communion, and engagement in meaning making are contributing factors to adult resilience in a context of economic change. Our results also highlight how positive attitudes towards a better future may inadvertently undermine the need for residents of oil and gas-dependent towns to commit to economic diversification and other potential resilience-promoting strategies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang MT, Toro JD, Scanlon CL, Schall JD, Zhang AL, Belmont AM, Voltin SE, Plevniak KA. The roles of stress, coping, and parental support in adolescent psychological well-being in the context of COVID-19: A daily-diary study. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:245-253. [PMID: 34303304 PMCID: PMC8433600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has introduced novel stressors into American adolescents' lives. Studies have shown that adolescents adopt an array of coping mechanisms and social supports when contending with stress. It is unclear, though, which strategies are most effective in mitigating daily pandemic-related stress, as few micro-longitudinal studies have explored adolescents' daily affect during COVID-19. Parental support may also be a critical component of adolescents' pandemic-related coping, as adolescents' peer networks have been limited by public health measures. METHODS This longitudinal study examined links between stress, coping, parental support, and affect across 14 consecutive days and 6216 assessments from a national sample of adolescents (N=444; Mage=15.0; 60% female; 44% Black/African American, 39% White/Europen American, 9% Latinx, 6% Asian American, 2% Native American) during school closures and state-mandated stay-at-home orders between April 8 and April 21, 2021. RESULTS Adolescents' health and financial stress predicted increases in same-day (health stress' effect size = .16; financial stress' effect size = .11) and next-day negative affect (health stress' effect size = .05; financial stress' effect size = .08). Adolescents' secondary control engagement coping predicted increases in same-day (effect size = .10) and next-day (effect size = .04) positive affect and moderated the link between health stress and negative affect. Parental social support predicted increases in same-day (effect size = .26) and next-day (effect size = .06) positive affect and decreases in same-day (effect size = .17) negative affect and moderated the link between financial stress and negative affect. LIMITATIONS Results are indicative of conditions at the immediate onset of COVID-19 and should be interpreted as such. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide information as to how health providers and parents can help adolescents mitigate the impact of COVID-19-related health and economic stressors on their psychological well-being. It remains critical to monitor the psychosocial impact of the pandemic on adolescents' affect while continuing to identify personal and environmental protective factors for reducing harm and maximizing resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Te Wang
- University of Pittsburgh, 230 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rodríguez-Martínez MDC, Toledano-González A, Triviño-Juárez JM, Polonio-López B, Segura-Fragoso A, López-Martín O, Cantero-Garlito P, Rodríguez-Hernández M, Corregidor-Sánchez AI, Romero-Ayuso D. Changes in Resilience in Students of Occupational Therapy After Their First Exposure to Practice Placement Education. Front Psychol 2021; 12:658187. [PMID: 34040566 PMCID: PMC8142892 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.658187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Resilience is a multidimensional and dynamic construct associated with positive growth and the capacity to transform stressful and negative factors into opportunities of personal development and self-improvement when faced with difficult experiences. The resilience process of each individual integrates multiple analysis levels, which range from genetic-environmental interactions to a complex process of adaptation between the individual and his/her family, friends, co-workers, society, and culture. Objective: To determine whether resilience improves in students of occupational therapy when exposed for the first time to practice placement education. Methodology: Quasi-experimental, prospective, observational, multi-center study with a sample composed of students from the Degree of Occupational Therapy of the public universities of Málaga (UMA) and Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) (Spain). Two weeks prior to the beginning of the practice education period, the participants completed a questionnaire that included sociodemographic data and the area of their internships. They were also given the Spanish version of the Connor-Davidson's resilience scale (CD-RISC). All these instruments were also completed 1 week after the end of the clinical practice. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the variables that make up resilience and the different internship areas. On the other hand, there was a significant improvement of global resilience after the clinical practice period, in both women (13.85 points; p < 0.001) and men (7.72 points; p < 0.035), when the internship area was not considered. Conclusions: The results show that resilient students are more optimistic and work to improve a situation beyond doing simply what is expected of them, knowing how to control their feelings. This is beneficial for students in practice education, since, during these, they face difficult situations that require a resilient pattern, which helps reduce stress and the burnout syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abel Toledano-González
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla La Mancha, Talavera De La Reina, Spain.,Neurological Disabilities Research Institute, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Begoña Polonio-López
- Department of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Fragoso
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Olga López-Martín
- Department of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Pablo Cantero-Garlito
- Department of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Hernández
- Department of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Ana-Isabel Corregidor-Sánchez
- Department of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Dulce Romero-Ayuso
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wilkialis L, Rodrigues N, Majeed A, Lee Y, Lipsitz O, Gill H, Tamura J, Nasri F, Lui LMW, Siegel A, Mansur RB, Rosenblat JD, McIntyre RS. Loneliness-based impaired reward system pathway: Theoretical and clinical analysis and application. Psychiatry Res 2021; 298:113800. [PMID: 33618235 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Loneliness is a key determinant in the etiology of mental health disorders such as depression and has profound impacts on health, quality of life, and economic productivity. This narrative review uses extant neurobiology and evolutionary literature to propose a construct through which loneliness may induce depression in adulthood via the reward system (including symptom and treatment aspects). Early childhood (distal) factors were found to be important in influencing adult (proximal) factors, which lead to the formulation of the construct. Due to the heterogenous and comorbid nature of depression, a new subtype known as 'reward depression' was distinguished along with distinct symptoms to aid practitioners when assessing patient treatment options. Furthermore, an evolutionary perspective was applied to the current impaired reward construct to discuss how the ancestral purpose and environment (in terms of reward) clashes with the modern one. Finally, theoretical treatment and prevention ideas were examined and discussed, leading into future work that needs to build upon and confirm the outlined construct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linas Wilkialis
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nelson Rodrigues
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amna Majeed
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Orly Lipsitz
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hartej Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Tamura
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Flora Nasri
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leanna M W Lui
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley Siegel
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tourunen A, Siltanen S, Saajanaho M, Koivunen K, Kokko K, Rantanen T. Psychometric properties of the 10-item Connor-Davidson resilience scale among Finnish older adults. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:99-106. [PMID: 31703533 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1683812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Resilience, the ability to bounce back after adverse events may be an important factor in active aging. The 10-item version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC10) seems suitable for aging research owing to its low participant burden; however, its psychometric properties have not been comprehensively reported for older people. For example, no estimate exists of the test-retest reliability of the scale when used with older adults. Hence, this study evaluated the psychometric properties of the CD-RISC10 in a large population-based sample of community-dwelling older people. METHOD The scale's internal consistency, factor structure, construct validity, test-retest reliability, and user experience were analyzed among 1018 Finnish older adults (57% women) aged 75 (45%), 80 (33%) and 85 years (22%). RESULTS The internal consistency of the CD-RISC10 was good (Cronbach's α = 0.85), test-retest reliability moderate (ICC = 0.61), and the scale was unidimensional. However, a two-factor solution was found among the 75-year-olds, where the ability to deal positively with change (e.g. using humor) explained an additional part of resilience. While no differences by gender, age, or education were observed in total scores, very good perceived financial situation was associated with higher resilience. The scale showed good construct validity, and user feedback indicated that administering the scale in research is quick and easy. CONCLUSION In general, the CD-RISC10 is a valid method to study older adults' psychological resilience. However, the present test-retest reliability values suggest caution in using the scale as an outcome measure in intervention studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Tourunen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sini Siltanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Milla Saajanaho
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kaisa Koivunen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Katja Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Santilli S, Grossen S, Nota L. Career Adaptability, Resilience, and Life Satisfaction Among Italian and Belgian Middle School Students. THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT QUARTERLY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cdq.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santilli
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology University of Padova
| | - Silke Grossen
- School Psychology and Development in Context KU Leuven
| | - Laura Nota
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology University of Padova
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kluger BM, Vaughan CL, Robinson MT, Creutzfeldt C, Subramanian I, Holloway RG. Neuropalliative care essentials for the COVID-19 crisis. Neurology 2020; 95:394-398. [PMID: 32591476 PMCID: PMC7538223 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benzi M Kluger
- From the Departments of Neurology and Medicine (B.M.K. and R.G.H.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Departments of Neurology and Medicine (C.L.V.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Departments of Neurology and Family Medicine (M.T.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (C.C.), University of Washington Harborview Medical Center, Seattle; and Department of Neurology (I.S.), Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, and West LA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CA.
| | - Christina L Vaughan
- From the Departments of Neurology and Medicine (B.M.K. and R.G.H.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Departments of Neurology and Medicine (C.L.V.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Departments of Neurology and Family Medicine (M.T.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (C.C.), University of Washington Harborview Medical Center, Seattle; and Department of Neurology (I.S.), Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, and West LA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CA
| | - Maisha T Robinson
- From the Departments of Neurology and Medicine (B.M.K. and R.G.H.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Departments of Neurology and Medicine (C.L.V.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Departments of Neurology and Family Medicine (M.T.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (C.C.), University of Washington Harborview Medical Center, Seattle; and Department of Neurology (I.S.), Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, and West LA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CA
| | - Claire Creutzfeldt
- From the Departments of Neurology and Medicine (B.M.K. and R.G.H.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Departments of Neurology and Medicine (C.L.V.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Departments of Neurology and Family Medicine (M.T.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (C.C.), University of Washington Harborview Medical Center, Seattle; and Department of Neurology (I.S.), Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, and West LA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CA
| | - Indu Subramanian
- From the Departments of Neurology and Medicine (B.M.K. and R.G.H.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Departments of Neurology and Medicine (C.L.V.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Departments of Neurology and Family Medicine (M.T.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (C.C.), University of Washington Harborview Medical Center, Seattle; and Department of Neurology (I.S.), Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, and West LA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CA
| | - Robert G Holloway
- From the Departments of Neurology and Medicine (B.M.K. and R.G.H.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Departments of Neurology and Medicine (C.L.V.), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora; Departments of Neurology and Family Medicine (M.T.R.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (C.C.), University of Washington Harborview Medical Center, Seattle; and Department of Neurology (I.S.), Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, and West LA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu L, Cao Q. Perceived Stress and Sleep Quality among Chinese Drug Users: Analysis of Rumination as a Mediator and Resilience as a Moderator. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
24
|
Hardiness, Stress and Secondary Trauma in Italian Healthcare and Emergency Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12145592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Emergency situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic can lead healthcare and emergency workers to undergo severe stress reactions that increase the risk of developing secondary trauma. Hardiness is a protective factor that reduces the likelihood of negative outcomes such as secondary trauma. In this study, we analyzed the responses to physical, emotional, cognitive, organizational‒relational and COVID-19 stress of 140 healthcare and 96 emergency workers. Decision-making difficulties due to high uncertainty and the fear of contracting the virus and infecting others were also considered. We aimed to detect which stressors caused secondary trauma and to assess the protective power of hardiness. Participants completed the questionnaire online measuring stress, secondary trauma and resilience. We performed a t-test, correlational analysis and hierarchical regression. The healthcare workers had higher levels of stress and arousal than the emergency workers group and those involved in the treatment of COVID-19 were exposed to a large degree of stress and were at high risk of developing secondary trauma. Commitment is associated with high levels of stress, arousal and intrusion, while control shows a protective function. Stress and hardiness result in 37% and 17% of the variance of arousal and intrusion, respectively.
Collapse
|
25
|
Wainwright E, Wainwright D, Coghill N, Walsh J, Perry R. Resilience and return-to-work pain interventions: systematic review. Occup Med (Lond) 2020; 69:163-176. [PMID: 30895325 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience is a developing concept in relation to pain, but has not yet been reviewed in return-to-work (RTW) contexts. AIMS To explore the role of resilience enhancement in promoting work participation for chronic pain sufferers, by reviewing the effectiveness of existing interventions. METHODS Resilience was operationalized as: self-efficacy, active coping, positive affect, positive growth, positive reinforcement, optimism, purpose in life and acceptance. Five databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) whose interventions included an element of resilience designed to help RTW/staying at work for chronic pain sufferers. Study appraisal comprised the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) tool and additional quality assessment. Findings were synthesized narratively and between-group differences of outcomes were reported. Heterogeneous PICO (population, intervention, comparator, outcome) elements precluded meta-analysis. RESULTS Thirty-four papers from 24 RCTs were included. Interventions varied; most were multidisciplinary, combining behavioural, physical and psychological pain management and vocational rehabilitation. Four found RTW/staying at work improved with intensive multidisciplinary interventions compared with less intensive, or no, treatment. Of these, one had low RoB; three scored poorly on allocation concealment and selective outcome reporting. Four trials had mixed results, e.g. interventions enabling reduced sick leave for people on short-term not long-term leave; 16 showed no improvement. Five trials reported resilience outcomes were improved by interventions but these were not always trials in which RTW improved. CONCLUSIONS Effectiveness of resilience interventions for chronic pain sufferers on RTW is uncertain and not as helpful as anticipated. Further agreement on its conceptualization and terminology and that of RTW is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Wainwright
- Department of Psychology, Bath Spa University, Bath, UK
| | - D Wainwright
- Department of Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - N Coghill
- Department of Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - J Walsh
- Department of Psychology, Bath Spa University, Bath, UK
| | - R Perry
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre - Nutrition Theme, Level 3 University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cao Q, Liu L. Loneliness and depression among Chinese drug users: Mediating effect of resilience and moderating effect of gender. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:414-425. [PMID: 31638727 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore potential correlations between gender, loneliness, resilience, and depression simultaneously among Chinese drug users; and especially to investigate the mediating effect of resilience and the moderating effect of gender on the correlation between loneliness and depression. Participants of this study included 513 drug users (399 men and 114 women) who were under treatment in two compulsory drug treatment institutions in one Eastern Chinese city. All participants completed the UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) loneliness scale, the Zung self-rating depression scale, and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale. A correlation matrix was constructed to analyze correlations between these three characteristics. Path analyses were performed in the PROCESS for SPSS in order to test the mediating effect of resilience on the association between loneliness and depression; while a series of hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted in SPSS 22.0 to test the moderating effect of gender on the association between loneliness and depression. Compared to male drug users, female ones reported higher average scores on loneliness and depression, which indicated that female drug users suffered severer loneliness and depression. Resilience partially mediates the link between loneliness and depression and gender acts as a moderator for the relationship between loneliness and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Cao
- Department of Finance, Business School, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sisto A, Vicinanza F, Campanozzi LL, Ricci G, Tartaglini D, Tambone V. Towards a Transversal Definition of Psychological Resilience: A Literature Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E745. [PMID: 31744109 PMCID: PMC6915594 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55110745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: This paper addresses psychological resilience, a multidisciplinary theoretical construct with important practical implications for health sciences. Although many definitions have been proposed in several contexts, an essential understanding of the concept is still lacking up to now. This negatively affects comparisons among research results and makes objective measurement difficult. The aim of this review is to identify shared elements in defining the construct of resilience across the literature examined in order to move toward a conceptual unification of the term. Materials and methods: A literature review was performed using the electronic databases 'PubMed' and 'PsycINFO'. Scientific studies written in English between 2002 and May 2019 were included according to the following key terms: 'Psychological', 'resilience', and 'definition'. Results: The review identifies five macro-categories that summarize what has been reported in the recent literature concerning the resilience phenomenon. They serve as a preliminary and necessary step toward a conceptual clarification of the construct. Conclusions: We propose a definition of psychological resilience as the ability to maintain the persistence of one's orientation towards existential purposes. It constitutes a transversal attitude that can be understood as the ability to overcome the difficulties experienced in the different areas of one's life with perseverance, as well as good awareness of oneself and one's own internal coherence by activating a personal growth project. The conceptual clarification proposed will contribute to improving the accuracy of research on this topic by suggesting future paths of investigation aimed at deeply exploring the issues surrounding the promotion of resilience resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Sisto
- Clinical Psychological Service, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Flavia Vicinanza
- Clinical Psychological Service, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Laura Leondina Campanozzi
- Institute of Philosophy of Scientific and Technological Practice, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Ricci
- School of Law, Medico-Legal Section, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (Macerata), Italy;
| | - Daniela Tartaglini
- Department of Professional Health Care Services, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vittoradolfo Tambone
- Institute of Philosophy of Scientific and Technological Practice, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sellers R, Smith AF, Leve LD, Nixon E, Cane T, Cassell JA, Harold GT. Utilising Genetically-Informed Research Designs to Better Understand Family Processes and Child Development: Implications for Adoption and Foster Care Focused Interventions. ADOPTION & FOSTERING 2019; 43:351-371. [PMID: 31576061 PMCID: PMC6771282 DOI: 10.1177/0308575919866526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between genetic factors and family environmental processes (e.g., inter-parental relationship quality, positive versus negative parenting practices) and children's mental health (e.g., anxiety, depression, conduct problems, ADHD) in the contexts of adoption and foster-care research and practice is critical for effective prevention and intervention programme development. Whilst evidence highlights the importance of family environmental processes for the mental health and well-being of children in adoption and foster care, there is relatively limited evidence of effective interventions specifically for these families. Additionally, family-based interventions not specific to the context of adoption and foster-care typically show small to medium effects, and even where interventions are efficacious, not all children benefit. One explanation for why interventions may not work well for some is that responses to intervention may be influenced by an individual's genetic make-up. This paper summarises how genetically-informed research designs can help disentangle genetic from environmental processes underlying psychopathology outcomes for children, and how this evidence can provide improved insights into the development of more effective preventative intervention targets for adoption and foster-care families. We discuss current difficulties in translating behavioural genetics research to prevention science, and provide recommendations to bridge the gap between behavioural genetics research and prevention science, with lessons for adoption and foster-care research and practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Sellers
- School of Psychology, Andrew and Virginia Rudd Centre for Adoption Research and Practice, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A F Smith
- School of Psychology, Andrew and Virginia Rudd Centre for Adoption Research and Practice, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - L D Leve
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
| | - E Nixon
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Ireland
| | - T Cane
- School of Social Work and Social Care, University of Sussex, UK
| | - J A Cassell
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PH
| | - G T Harold
- School of Psychology, Andrew and Virginia Rudd Centre for Adoption Research and Practice, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cao Q, Zhou Y. Association between social support and life satisfaction among people with substance use disorder: the mediating role of resilience. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2019; 20:415-427. [PMID: 31544654 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2019.1657545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the correlation between social support and life satisfaction among individuals with substance use disorder and investigate the mediating effect of resilience between these variables. A total of 513 individuals with substance use disorder aged 19-65 years were recruited from two compulsory detoxification units in Nanjing, China. Participants were requested to independently complete the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. A correlation matrix was used to analyze various characteristics. The relationship among social support, resilience, and life satisfaction was evaluated with hierarchical regression analysis and the bootstrap method, based on a structural equation model. Social support was significantly associated with life satisfaction in individuals with substance use disorder. Moreover, resilience played an intermediary role between social support and life satisfaction in individuals with substance use disorder. Our results confirm resilience partially mediates the association between social support and life satisfaction. These findings provide a clearer understanding regarding the impact of resilience and social support on life satisfaction in individuals with substance use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Cao
- Business School, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - You Zhou
- The Graduate School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vos L, Poritz JMP, Ngan E, Leon-Novelo L, Sherer M. The relationship between resilience, emotional distress, and community participation outcomes following traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2019; 33:1615-1623. [PMID: 31456432 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2019.1658132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/Objective: To determine how resilience is associated with social participation outcomes in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI), in the context of emotional distress, demographics, and injury-related factors.Setting: Individuals with a history of TBI recruited the following stay at three rehabilitation facilities in the USA.Participants: 201 community-dwelling persons with medically documented TBI ranging in severity from mild to severe.Design: Prospective cohort observational study. Data were collected at two time points, approximately 6 months apart.Main Measures: TBI-QOL; PART-OResults: Resilience at baseline was moderately to strongly correlated with baseline psychological distress variables (rs= -.66) and social participation variables (rs =.33 to.57). In regression analyses, resilience was directly associated with social participation outcomes and formed a significant interaction with emotional distress in some models. Resilience failed to show a relationship with social participation at 6-month follow-up, when controlling for baseline social participation.Conclusions: Though related to emotional distress, self-reported resilience makes a unique contribution to predicting outcomes over time following brain injury, and may impact the relationship between stress and negative participation outcomes. As such, it is possible interventions that promote resilience may mitigate distress and promote community integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leia Vos
- TIRR Memorial Hermann, Brain Injury Research Center.,Neuropsychology, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | | | - Esther Ngan
- School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Luis Leon-Novelo
- School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Mark Sherer
- TIRR Memorial Hermann, Brain Injury Research Center.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Emotional and behavioral resilience among children with perinatally acquired HIV in Thailand and Cambodia. AIDS 2019; 33 Suppl 1:S17-S27. [PMID: 31397719 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychosocial challenges associated with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) infection are well known, yet many children infected with HIV since birth demonstrate positive outcomes, referred to as resilience. The purpose of this study was to evaluate emotional-behavioral development and identify salient predictors of resilience among long-term survivors of PHIV. DESIGN Prospective investigation of children with PHIV compared with demographically similar perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (PHEU) and HIV-unexposed, uninfected (HUU) children, all from Thailand and Cambodia. METHODS The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; parent version) was administered at baseline and annual follow-up visits (median follow-up of 3 years) to children age 6-14. Resilience was defined as consistent CBCL scores on the Internalizing, Externalizing or Total Problem T scales within normative ranges (T-scores <60) at every time point. Generalized estimating equations examined CBCL scores over time and logistic models examined demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural predictors of resilience. RESULTS Participants included 448 children (236 PHIV, 98 PHEU, 114 HUU), with median (interquartile range) age at first evaluation of 7 (6-9) years. Children with PHIV exhibited similar rates of resilience as PHEU and HUU on the Externalizing and Total Problems scales. Resilience on the Internalizing scale was more likely in PHEU (71%) compared with PHIV (59%) or HUU (56%), P = 0.049. Factors associated with resilience in adjusted models included: HIV-exposed but uninfected status, higher household income, Cambodian nationality, female sex, and caregiver type. CONCLUSION Despite biopsychosocial risks, resilience is observed among PHIV and PHEU children. Further study is needed to understand mechanisms underlying associated factors and intervention priorities.
Collapse
|
32
|
Sánchez MF, Lopez-Zafra E. The voices that should be heard: A qualitative and content analysis to explore resilience and psychological health in victims of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW). WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
33
|
Marley C, Mauki B. Resilience and protective factors among refugee children post-migration to high-income countries: a systematic review. Eur J Public Health 2018; 29:706-713. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Increasing numbers of children have been forced to flee and seek asylum in high-income countries. Current research indicates that focussing on resilience and protective factors is an important long-term goal for positive mental health and psychological functioning of refugee children.
Methods
We performed a systematic review of quantitative literature regarding psychological and contextual factors that contribute to resilience in refugee children residing in high-income countries. Our procedure followed guidelines from the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination.
Results
We identified a number of protective factors as related to positive outcomes. They are drawn from several ecological domains and include age, self-esteem, maintenance of cultural identity, social support, belonging and safety and innovative social care services. A key overarching point reported by the studies we reviewed was that for refugee settlement specific policies and approaches to be beneficial, they were required to be embedded within a positive socially inclusive society. We also identified several limitations across the reported studies.
Conclusion
The factors we identified would assist clinicians to adopt a resilience-focussed approach. However, a continued pre-occupation with psychopathology was evident across the studies, which we argue as holding back the development of resilience-focussed approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Marley
- School of Health in Social Science, Section of Clinical Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Beatus Mauki
- School of Health in Social Science, Section of Clinical Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Abstract. Future orientation is defined as a disposition that is characterized by goal-related thoughts, plans, motivations, feelings, and actions. Early experiences are critical for the development of future orientation. The purpose of the present research was to examine whether the FKBP5 (FK506 binding protein 5) rs1360780 polymorphism moderates associations between early family cohesion and adulthood future orientation. In total, 1,007 Chinese Han individuals participated in the present study. The results indicated that early family cohesion is associated with adulthood future orientation, and that FKBP5 polymorphisms play a moderating role between these factors. Specifically, individuals with the TT genotype and a history of poor family cohesion exhibited a lower degree of future orientation whereas those with good family cohesion showed a higher level of this trait. However, individuals with the CC/CT genotype expressed lower levels of environmental susceptibility. In line with the differential susceptibility model, these findings demonstrate that the TT genotype is more malleable to environmental influences. Accordingly, individuals with this genotype suffer a higher risk of exhibiting poor future orientation when exposed to negative experiences, and positive psychological traits under enriching environmental influences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqun Gan
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tzuriel D, Shomron V. The effects of mother-child mediated learning strategies on psychological resilience and cognitive modifiability of boys with learning disability. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 88:236-260. [DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vered Shomron
- Bar Ilan University; Ramat Gan Israel
- Kibbutzim College of Education; Tel Aviv-Yafo Israel
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fastame MC, Hitchcott PK, Mulas I, Ruiu M, Penna MP. Resilience in Elders of the Sardinian Blue Zone: An Explorative Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2018; 8:bs8030030. [PMID: 29495425 PMCID: PMC5867483 DOI: 10.3390/bs8030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: older adults from the Sardinian Blue Zone self-report low depressive symptoms and high psychological well-being. However, the role of dispositional resilience as a determinant of these characteristics is unknown. Objectives: the current study had three aims. First, to investigate associations among several putative predictors, including dispositional resilience and three established markers of positive and negative mental health. Second, to determine if gender differences in dispositional resilience, independent of age and cognitive impairment, are present in this population. Third, to examine the relative importance of the predictors of self-reported mental health and well-being. Methods: 160 elders were recruited in the Sardinian Blue Zone. The participants completed self-report measures of dispositional resilience, satisfaction with social ties, physical health, depressive symptoms, and psychological well-being. Results: trait resilience was significantly associated with predictors and markers of mental health. Males had significantly greater trait resilience. In regression analyses, dispositional resilience and satisfaction with social ties were significant predictors of all markers of mental health. Other factors were significantly associated only with certain markers. Conclusions: trait resilience and strong social ties appear to be key determinants of the high mental health of Sardinian Blue Zone older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Fastame
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Paul Kenneth Hitchcott
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Mulas
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Marilena Ruiu
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Maria Pietronilla Penna
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Woods-Jaeger BA, Cho B, Sexton CC, Slagel L, Goggin K. Promoting Resilience: Breaking the Intergenerational Cycle of Adverse Childhood Experiences. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2018; 45:772-780. [PMID: 29433342 DOI: 10.1177/1090198117752785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including trauma exposure, parent mental health problems, and family dysfunction, put children at risk for disrupted brain development and increased risk for later health problems and mortality. These negative effects may be prevented by resilience promoting environments that include protective caregiving relationships. We sought to understand (1) parents' experiences of ACEs, (2) the perceived impact on parenting, (3) protective factors that buffer ACEs potential negative impact, and (4) supports and services that can reduce the number and severity of ACEs and promote resilience among children exposed to early adversity. We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 11 low-income, urban parents of young children who had experienced ACEs. Interviews were analyzed for emergent themes and shared with parents from the community to ensure relevance and proper interpretation. Themes from these interviews describe the potential intergenerational cycle of ACEs and key factors that can break that cycle, including parent aspirations to make children's lives better and parent nurturance and support. Parents' suggestions for intervention are also presented. Our findings illuminate protective factors and family strengths that are important to build upon when developing and implementing interventions to promote resilience among parents and children exposed to early adversity. This study benefits from highly ecologically valid data obtained from low-socioeconomic status, racial/ethnic minority parents through one-on-one in-depth interviews and interpreted with the aid of community stakeholders through a community-based participatory research approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Briana A Woods-Jaeger
- 1 Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.,2 University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Bridget Cho
- 1 Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.,3 University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | | | - Kathy Goggin
- 1 Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.,4 University of Missouri Kansas City Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, Kansas City, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shim YS, Bellomy DC. Thinking and Acting Systematically About the Anthropocene. SYSTEMIC PRACTICE AND ACTION RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11213-018-9442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
39
|
Association between social support and health-related quality of life among Chinese rural elders in nursing homes: the mediating role of resilience. Qual Life Res 2017; 27:783-792. [PMID: 29124499 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to confirm the relationship between social support and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among rural Chinese elders in nursing homes, and to examine the mediating role of resilience in the impact of social support on HRQOL. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 205 elders aged 60 and above was conducted in five rural public nursing homes. Sociodemographic characteristics, the SF-36 questionnaire, and information about social support and resilience were collected. The researchers administered the questionnaires to the participants in a face-to-face setting. Descriptive analysis and a correlation matrix were used to indicate characteristics of the participants and bivariate correlations, respectively. The mediation analyses, composed of regression analysis and PROCESS analysis, were preformed to test both direct and indirect effects of social support on HRQOL, namely the mediating role of resilience. RESULTS Social support was positively related to HRQOL (β = 0.303, p < 0.001) among Chinese rural elders in nursing homes. The mediating role of resilience in the relationship between social support and HRQOL was confirmed (a*b bootstrapped 95% confidence interval = [0.098, 0.257]), which revealed that social support had an indirect effect on HRQOL through resilience. CONCLUSIONS Resilience partially mediates the relationship between social support and HRQOL. The mediation model provides a better understanding of how social support and resilience work together to affect HRQOL, and it could guide the interventions in health care for promoting HRQOL among Chinese rural elders in nursing homes.
Collapse
|
40
|
Morote R, Hjemdal O, Krysinska K, Martinez Uribe P, Corveleyn J. Resilience or hope? Incremental and convergent validity of the resilience scale for adults (RSA) and the Herth hope scale (HHS) in the prediction of anxiety and depression. BMC Psychol 2017; 5:36. [PMID: 29078801 PMCID: PMC5659010 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-017-0205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hope and resilience protect against inner vulnerabilities or harsh life circumstances; they explain individual differences in physical or mental health outcomes under high stress. They have been studied in complementary or competing theoretical frameworks; therefore, the study of measures of hope and resilience should be undertaken prior to explore if they are truly value-added for research. This study investigates the convergent and incremental validity of the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) and the Herth Hope Scale (HHS), in the prediction of anxiety and depression (HSCL-25). METHODS Participants in this community-based sample are 762 adults from 18 to 74 years old. They answered the RSA, HHS, Spanish Language Stressful Life-Events Checklist (SL-SLE), and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25). Incremental validity analyses combined hierarchical regression and structural equation models (SEM). First, hierarchical regression models were compared based on three criteria (R 2Diff., ΔF, and semi-partial r), then the direct effect of resilience on affective symptoms was compared with the mediated effect of resilience on affective symptoms through hope. RESULTS The hierarchical models showed that (1) hope and resilience account significantly for the variance of affective symptoms above age, sex, and life-stress; (2) Resilience Total score has greater incremental validity than positive scales of HHS Hope; and (3) RSA Total score, HHS Optimism/Spiritual support, Stressful life-events and sex are unique predictors of affective symptoms. The SEM analyses verified a stronger direct effect of resilience in the prediction of affective symptoms above the significant partial mediated effect of resilience through hope. Additionally, results show that age and better educational opportunities were associated with protection (i.e. resilience and hope) and emotional well-being (i.e. affective symptoms and hopelessness). Women showed higher scores in social competences and resources (RSA), interconnectedness and initiative to take action (HHS). However, they have poorer evaluations of own abilities and efficacy (RSA), and higher scores in all the affective symptoms assessed. CONCLUSION The RSA has incremental validity above the HHS, however, both the RSA and the HHS are effective, differentiated and complementary measures of protection that are of high relevance for research on psychosocial and emotional well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxanna Morote
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Odin Hjemdal
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karolina Krysinska
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sidney, Australia
| | | | - Jozef Corveleyn
- Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wister AV, Coatta KL, Schuurman N, Lear SA, Rosin M, MacKey D. A Lifecourse Model of Multimorbidity Resilience: Theoretical and Research Developments. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2017; 82:290-313. [PMID: 27076489 DOI: 10.1177/0091415016641686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to advance a Lifecourse Model of Multimorbidity Resilience. It focuses on the ways in which individuals face adversities associated with multimorbidity and regain a sense of wellness through a complex, dynamic phenomenon termed resilience. A comprehensive review of 112 publications (between 1995 and 2015) was conducted using several comprehensive electronic data bases. Two independent researchers extracted and synthesized resilience literature with specific applications to chronic illness. The article outlines five stages of theoretical development of resilience, synthesizes these with the aging and chronic illness literature, builds a rationale for a lifecourse approach to resilience, and applies the model to multimorbidity. Cultivating and maintaining resilience is fundamental to functioning and quality of life for those with multimorbidity. We found that there are a number of gaps in both basic and applied research that need to be filled to advance knowledge and practice based on resilience approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Wister
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Nadine Schuurman
- Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Scott A Lear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Healthy Heart Program, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Miriam Rosin
- Department of Biomedical Physiology & Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Dawn MacKey
- Department of Biomedical Physiology & Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sadler E, Sarre S, Tinker A, Bhalla A, McKevitt C. Developing a novel peer support intervention to promote resilience after stroke. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2017; 25:1590-1600. [PMID: 26939997 PMCID: PMC5573937 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Stroke can lead to physical, mental and social long-term consequences, with the incidence of stroke increasing with age. However, there is a lack of evidence of how to improve long-term outcomes for people with stroke. Resilience, the ability to 'bounce back', flourish or thrive in the face of adversity improves mental health and quality of life in older adults. However, the role of resilience in adjustment after stroke has been little investigated. The purpose of this study is to report on the development and preliminary evaluation of a novel intervention to promote resilience after stroke. We applied the first two phases of the revised UK Medical Research Council (UKMRC) framework for the development and evaluation of complex interventions: intervention development (phase 1) and feasibility testing (phase 2). Methods involved reviewing existing evidence and theory, interviews with 22 older stroke survivors and 5 carers, and focus groups and interviews with 38 professionals to investigate their understandings of resilience and its role in adjustment after stroke. We used stakeholder consultation to co-design the intervention and returned to the literature to develop its theoretical foundations. We developed a 6-week group-based peer support intervention to promote resilience after stroke. Theoretical mechanisms of peer support targeted were social learning, meaning-making, helping others and social comparison. Preliminary evaluation with 11 older stroke survivors in a local community setting found that it was feasible to deliver the intervention, and acceptable to stroke survivors, peer facilitators, and professionals in stroke care and research. This study demonstrates the application of the revised UKMRC framework to systematically develop an empirically and theoretically robust intervention to promote resilience after stroke. A future randomised feasibility study is needed to determine whether a full trial is feasible with a larger sample and wider age range of people with stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Euan Sadler
- Division of Health & Social Care ResearchFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South LondonStroke Theme5th Floor Addison HouseGuy'sLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research CentreGuy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sophie Sarre
- National Nursing Research UnitFlorence Nightingale School of Nursing & MidwiferyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Anthea Tinker
- Institute of GerontologyDepartment of Social Science, Health & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ajay Bhalla
- Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustSt Thomas HospitalLondonUK
| | - Christopher McKevitt
- Division of Health & Social Care ResearchFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South LondonStroke Theme5th Floor Addison HouseGuy'sLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research CentreGuy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Namy S, Carlson C, Norcini Pala A, Faris D, Knight L, Allen E, Devries K, Naker D. Gender, violence and resilience among Ugandan adolescents. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 70:303-314. [PMID: 28675814 PMCID: PMC5745577 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Resilience, commonly understood as the ability to maintain adaptive functioning in the face of adversity, has emerged as a salient entry point in the field of positive youth development. This study makes a unique contribution by exploring dimensions of resilience among adolescents in Uganda, examining associations between violence from different perpetrators and resilience, and testing whether sex moderates these relationships. Analyses are based on data from 3706 primary school students. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified five factors underlying the construct of resilience: Emotional Support; Family Connectedness; School Connectedness; Social Assets; and Psychological Assets. We used regression analysis to investigate associations between these dependent variables, background characteristics, and experiences of violence (including exposure to intimate partner violence against female caregivers). Results reflect a complex relationship between violence and resilience, with patterns varying by perpetrator (e.g., teacher, peers, caregivers) and some evidence that the sex of the student moderates these dynamics. Overall, there is a consistently negative relationship between all violence measures and Psychological Assets. In addition, teacher violence is associated with lower resilience across factors and both caregiver violence and exposure to IPV are consistently associated with decreased Family Connectedness. These findings suggest that adolescents experiencing (and exposed to) violence from adults may be particularly vulnerable to internalizing and/or externalizing behaviors and withdrawal from the family. Findings point to preventing violence from teachers complemented with enhancing family relationships as promising avenues for resilience-strengthening interventions, and also emphasize the need to consider gendered strategies to ensure girls and boys benefit equally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Louise Knight
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Allen
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Devries
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Systematic review of universal school-based 'resilience' interventions targeting adolescent tobacco, alcohol or illicit substance use: A meta-analysis. Prev Med 2017; 100:248-268. [PMID: 28390835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Universal school-based interventions that address adolescent 'resilience' may represent a means of reducing adolescent substance use, however previous systematic reviews have not examined the effectiveness of such an intervention approach. A systematic review was undertaken to 1) assess whether universal school-based 'resilience' interventions are effective in reducing the prevalence of tobacco, alcohol or illicit substance use by adolescents, and 2) describe such effectiveness per intervention characteristic subgroups. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed reports (1994-2015) of randomised controlled trials including participants aged 5-18years that reported adolescent tobacco, alcohol or illicit substance use, and implemented a universal school-based 'resilience' intervention (i.e. those addressing both individual (e.g. self-esteem) and environmental (e.g. school connectedness) protective factors of resilience). Trial effects for binary outcomes were synthesised via meta-analyses and effect sizes reported as odds ratios. Subgroup (by intervention type, prevention approach, setting, intervention duration, follow-up length) and sensitivity analyses (excluding studies at high risk of bias) were conducted. Nineteen eligible studies were identified from 16,619 records (tobacco: n=15, alcohol: n=17, illicit: n=11). An overall intervention effect was found for binary measures of illicit substance use (n=10; OR: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.6-0.93, p=0.007,Tau2=0.0, I2=0%), but not tobacco or alcohol use. A similar result was found when studies assessed as high risk of bias were excluded. Overall intervention effects were evident for illicit substance use within multiple intervention characteristic subgroups, but not tobacco and alcohol. Such results support the implementation of universal school-based interventions that address 'resilience' protective factors to reduce adolescent illicit substance use, however suggest alternate approaches are required for tobacco and alcohol use. PROSPERO registration: CRD42014004906.
Collapse
|
45
|
Haroz EE, Jordans M, de Jong J, Gross A, Bass J, Tol W. Measuring Hope Among Children Affected by Armed Conflict: Cross-Cultural Construct Validity of the Children's Hope Scale. Assessment 2017; 24:528-539. [PMID: 26508802 PMCID: PMC5835958 DOI: 10.1177/1073191115612924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the cross-cultural construct validity of hope, a factor associated with mental health protection and promotion, using the Children's Hope Scale (CHS). The sample ( n = 1,057; 48% girls) included baseline data from three cluster-randomized controlled trials with children affected by armed conflict ( n = 329 Burundi; n = 403 Indonesia; n = 325 Nepal). The confirmatory factor analysis in each country indicated good fit for the hypothesized two-factor model. Analysis by gender indicated that configural invariance was supported and that scalar invariance was demonstrated in Indonesia. However, metric and scalar invariance were not supported in Burundi and Nepal. In country comparisons, configural and metric invariance were met, but scalar invariance was not supported. Evidence from this study supports the use of the CHS within various sociocultural settings and across genders, but direct comparisons of CHS scores across groups should be done with caution. Rigorous evaluations of the measurement properties of mental health protective and promotive factors are necessary to inform both research and practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Haroz
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Jordans
- HealthNet TPO, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Kings College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alden Gross
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judith Bass
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wietse Tol
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Out of harm's way: Secure versus insecure–disorganized attachment predicts less adolescent risk taking related to childhood poverty. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 30:283-296. [PMID: 28508736 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough some risk taking in adolescence is normative, evidence suggests that adolescents raised in conditions of socioeconomic disadvantage are disproportionately burdened with risk taking and its negative consequences. Using longitudinal data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, we investigated quality of the early caregiving environment as a potential prospective buffer against the long-term association between childhood poverty and adolescent risk taking. Multicategorical moderation model results indicated that if raised in poverty across age 1–54 months (average family income to needs ratio ≤ 1.02), relative to affluence (income to needs ratio ≥ 6.16), adolescents with histories of secure attachment to caregivers exhibited two times the number of risk behaviors at age 15, whereas adolescents with insecure–disorganized histories exhibited nearly five times the number of risk behaviors. Both early family economic hardship and history of insecure–disorganized attachment remained significant predictors of increased adolescent risk taking, alongside the interactive effect. Probing the interaction's region of significance revealed that history of secure (vs. insecure–disorganized) attachment is associated with protective reductions in risk taking below a family income to needs ratio of 2.24, or about 220% poverty level. Findings support a diathesis–stress model in which children with secure attachment histories are less deleteriously impacted by early socioeconomic adversity than their insecure–disorganized peers.
Collapse
|
47
|
Rossman B, Greene MM, Kratovil AL, Meier PP. Resilience in Mothers of Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants Hospitalized in the NICU. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2017; 46:434-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
48
|
Infurna FJ, Luthar SS. Resilience Has Been and Will Always Be, but Rates Declared Are Inevitably Suspect: Reply to Galatzer-Levy and Bonanno (2016). PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2017; 11:199-201. [PMID: 26993274 DOI: 10.1177/1745691615621281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
49
|
Abstract
Prior research has consistently found disproportionate rates of traumatization and psychopathology in criminal justice-involved women. The current study aimed to characterize rates of traumatization, psychopathology, and diagnostic comorbidity in women involved with the justice system. Furthermore, this study examined the role of posttraumatic stress symptoms in the association between traumatic events and levels of self-esteem. Participants were 185 women from the Chicagoland area with current or previous (past 2 years) involvement with the criminal justice system. Results confirmed disproportionate rates of trauma experiences and psychopathology in this population, and logistic regression analyses indicated that rates of traumatization predicted diagnostic comorbidity. Analyses indicated an indirect effect of posttraumatic stress in the association between traumatic experiences and self-esteem. Findings highlight the importance of assessing and targeting both trauma experiences and posttraumatic stress in justice-involved women to optimize prevention and intervention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caleb Figge
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daphna Ram
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leonard A. Jason
- Center for Community Research, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
|