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Lee SY, Vergara-Lopez C, Bublitz MH, Gaffey AE, D’Angelo C, Stroud LR. Adolescent girls' cardiovascular responses to peer rejection: exploring the impact of early life stress. J Behav Med 2023; 46:451-459. [PMID: 36334168 PMCID: PMC10160243 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Detrimental effects of early life stress on cardiovascular health are evident in adolescence. Cardiovascular reactivity and recovery in response to interpersonal stress may be a mechanism. This study aimed to evaluate if adolescent girls with higher early life stress demonstrated greater cardiovascular reactivity and slower recovery to peer rejection. A sample of 92 adolescent girls (age: M = 13.24) self-reported early life stressors. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were continuously measured before, during, and after a laboratory peer rejection paradigm. Counter to hypotheses, adolescent girls with higher early life stress had lower, not higher, HR during the recovery period. Early life stress was not associated with SBP or DBP recovery. Additionally, early life stress was not associated with SBP, DBP, or HR reactivity. Future research is needed to assess if blunted cardiovascular reactivity to interpersonal rejection during adolescence is a mechanism linking early life stress and later cardiovascular disease risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Y. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital
| | - Chrystal Vergara-Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital
| | - Margaret H. Bublitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
- Women’s Medicine Collaborative, The Miriam Hospital
| | - Allison E. Gaffey
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine)
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System
| | - Christina D’Angelo
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
- Bradley Hasbro Children’s Research Center, Rhode Island/Hasbro Children’s Hospital
| | - Laura R. Stroud
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital
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Miller NE, Lacey RE. Childhood adversity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in mid-adulthood in the 1958 British birth cohort. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101260. [PMID: 36238817 PMCID: PMC9550530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies that have examined associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and cardiometabolic biomarkers in adulthood are limited as they mainly focus on childhood maltreatment. This study aimed to examine the association between a range of prospectively and retrospectively reported ACEs and cardiometabolic biomarkers in mid-adulthood. Multiply-imputed data on 8511 participants from the National Child Development Study (1958 British birth cohort) were used. ACEs were prospectively reported at ages 7, 11 and 16, and retrospectively reported at age 33/44/45. Cardiometabolic outcomes assessed at age 44/45 included glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), cholesterol (total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)), triglycerides, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), body mass index, waist circumference and metabolic syndrome. Parental separation/divorce, physical neglect, emotional neglect and psychological abuse were associated with lower HDL cholesterol. Parental offending and physical neglect were associated with higher triglyceride concentrations. Parental offending was also associated with increased HbA1c. Exposure to 2+ (vs. 0) prospective ACEs was associated with lower HDL cholesterol. All these associations were after adjustment for sex and multiple early life factors. To conclude, several individual ACEs are associated with poorer cardiometabolic risk factor profiles in mid-adulthood. Furthermore, exposure to two or more prospective ACEs is associated with lower HDL cholesterol concentrations in mid-adulthood. Parental separation/divorce in childhood is associated with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in mid-adulthood. Physical neglect in childhood is associated with poorer lipid profiles in mid-adulthood. Psychological abuse in childhood is associated with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in mid-adulthood. Parental offending in childhood is associated with higher triglycerides and glycated haemoglobin in mid-adulthood.
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3
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Lee LO, Grodstein F, Trudel-Fitzgerald C, James P, Okuzono SS, Koga HK, Schwartz J, Spiro A, Mroczek DK, Kubzansky LD. Optimism, Daily Stressors, and Emotional Well-Being Over Two Decades in a Cohort of Aging Men. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:1373-1383. [PMID: 35255123 PMCID: PMC9371455 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Growing evidence supports optimism as a health asset, yet how optimism influences well-being and health remains uncertain. We evaluated 1 potential pathway-the association of optimism with daily stress processes-and tested 2 hypotheses. The stressor exposure hypothesis posits that optimism would preserve emotional well-being by limiting exposure to daily stressors. The buffering hypothesis posits that higher optimism would be associated with lower emotional reactivity to daily stressors and more effective emotional recovery from them. METHODS Participants were 233 men from the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study who completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Revised Optimism-Pessimism scale in 1986/1991 and participated in up to three 8-day daily diary bursts in 2002-2010 (age at first burst: M = 76.7, SD = 6.5). Daily stressor occurrence, positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) were assessed nightly. We evaluated the hypotheses using multilevel structural equation models. RESULTS Optimism was unrelated to emotional reactivity to or recovery from daily stressors. Higher optimism was associated with higher average daily PA (B = 2.31, 95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI]: 1.24, 3.38) but not NA, independent of stressor exposure. Lower stressor exposure mediated the association of higher optimism with lower daily NA (indirect effect: B = -0.27, 95% BCI: -0.50, -0.09), supporting the stressor exposure hypothesis. DISCUSSION Findings from a sample of older men suggest that optimism may be associated with more favorable emotional well-being in later life through differences in stressor exposure rather than emotional stress response. Optimism may preserve emotional well-being among older adults by engaging emotion regulation strategies that occur relatively early in the emotion-generative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewina O Lee
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sakurako S Okuzono
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hayami K Koga
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Avron Spiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel K Mroczek
- Department of Psychology, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Effectiveness of a complex psychosocial intervention to reduce metabolic syndrome in psychiatric outpatients with severe/persistent mental illness. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:9915-9924. [PMID: 34539154 PMCID: PMC8435195 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among individuals with severe mental illness is considerably higher than in the general population, contributing to the 15–20-year shorter life expectancy of this client population. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel, complex psychosocial program to reduce metabolic syndrome. Members of both the intervention (n = 78) and control (n = 31) group were psychiatric outpatients with severe/persistent mental illness struggling with one or more symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Beyond the default elements of similar programs such as diet and exercise, the intervention covered medication use, sleep hygiene, stress management, as well as addressing spiritual needs, mindfulness, addictions, and self-care. Assessment of metabolic indicators were completed at baseline, at the end of the 11-week intervention, and 6 months post-intervention. The trajectory of change over time was significantly more favorable in the treatment than in the control group in terms of waist circumference (p = 0.013, η2 = 0.093) and a positive trend emerged in relation to blood glucose level (p = 0.082, η2 = 0.057). However, no statistically reliable difference was observed between the intervention and the control group regarding the other outcome variables (body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride level, serum HDL cholesterol level, overall metabolic syndrome severity). These findings suggest that to produce more robust benefits, psychosocial interventions targeting the metabolic health of individuals with complex mental health needs should be either longer in duration if resources permit or narrower in focus (diet and exercise mainly) if resources are scarce.
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Doan SN. Allostatic load: Developmental and conceptual considerations in a multi-system physiological indicator of chronic stress exposure. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:825-836. [PMID: 33650132 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Developmental researchers studying how stress affects health have often focused on specific, individual, physiological parameters such as cortisol. Yet, recent theories of stress biology emphasize that the stress response is multi-faceted and engages distinct yet interconnected physiological systems, including metabolic, immune, and cardiovascular systems that respond to one another. Moreover, advocates of a systems approach also argue that the confluence of changes across several physiological systems presents a health risk, even when one indicator alone is not predictive of health outcomes. Allostatic load is one potential multi-system indicator of stress, capturing the cumulative, physiological burden of chronic stress exposure on the body. At the same time, studying allostatic load during early development raises several issues, including how allostatic load is operationalized, the clinical importance of commonly used biomarkers during distinct periods of development, and the fundamental role of timing. In this review paper, we discuss the potential of allostatic load in the context of studies of stress in developmental science, review developmental studies that have assessed allostatic load, and articulate critical conceptual questions regarding the study of allostatic load during the childhood years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey N Doan
- Claremont McKenna College & City of Hope National Medical Center, Claremont, CA, USA
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6
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Austin MK, Drage JN, Dezil J, Siliezar R, Chen E. The Relationship Between Disproportionate Social Support and Metabolic and Inflammatory Markers: Moderating Role of Socioeconomic Context. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:177-186. [PMID: 33534435 PMCID: PMC7863584 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examines the association of disproportionate social support (the relative balance of support given versus received) on metabolic and inflammatory outcomes and whether effects vary by socioeconomic context. METHODS We enrolled a sample of 307 parental caregivers living with a child with a chronic illness. Parents were assessed on four dimensions of social support: emotional support received, instrumental support received, emotional support given, and instrumental support given. Disproportionate social support was calculated as the difference between support received and support given. Participants provided sociodemographic information, were interviewed about financial stress, and were assessed on metabolic (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, body fat percent, and body mass index) and inflammatory (interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein) outcomes. RESULTS More disproportionate instrumental and emotional support was associated with higher inflammation (b = 0.10, SE = 0.04, p = .014; b = 0.0.09, SE = 0.05, p = .042, respectively). We observed significant interactions between disproportionate social support and income (b = -0.04, SE = 0.02, p = .021). Parents from lower-income households who gave more emotional support than they received had higher inflammation compared with those from higher-income households. We also observed a significant interaction between disproportionate instrumental support and income (b = 0.04, SE = 0.02, p = .006). Parents from lower-income households who received more instrumental support than they gave had worse metabolic outcomes compared with parents from higher-income households. Parallel interaction patterns were observed using an interview-based measure of financial stress. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that disproportionate social support has implications for physical health, particularly for caregivers from socioeconomically disadvantaged households.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane N. Drage
- Psychology Department, Northwestern University
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
| | - Johanna Dezil
- Psychology Department, Northwestern University
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
| | - Rebekah Siliezar
- Psychology Department, Northwestern University
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
| | - Edith Chen
- Psychology Department, Northwestern University
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
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Emery RL, Levine MD, Creswell KG, Wright AGC, Marsland AL, Matthews KA, Flory JD, Manuck SB. Impulsivity and midlife cardiometabolic risk: The role of maladaptive health behaviors. Health Psychol 2020; 39:642-654. [PMID: 32378961 PMCID: PMC8363173 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated distinct facets of impulsivity related to cardiometabolic risk (CMR) to identify specific behavioral mechanisms driving these relationships. METHOD Community adults (N = 1,295) between 30 and 54 years old (53% female, 84% White) completed a battery of impulsivity measures, reported their engagement in health behaviors over the past week (i.e., cigarette smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and dietary intake), and were assessed for CMR factors (i.e., blood pressure, insulin resistance, adiposity, and blood lipids). Structural equation modeling was used to estimate previously established hierarchical models of distinct facets of impulsivity and CMR. Indirect effects through the observed health behaviors were examined for each association between the latent impulsivity factors identified and the latent CMR factor. RESULTS Neuroticism/negative emotionality was the only latent impulsivity factor directly related to heightened CMR (β = 0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.01, 0.16], p = .020). Extraversion/positive emotionality indirectly related to lower CMR through greater physical activity (β = -0.04, 95% CI [-0.06, -0.02], p < .001), and measures of inhibition (β = 0.02, 95% CI [0.001, 0.04], p = .045) and delay discounting (β = 0.08, 95% CI [0.001, 0.15], p = .049) indirectly related to CMR through saturated fat intake. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that distinct facets of impulsivity differentially relate to CMR through varied behavioral pathways and identify physical activity and saturated fat intake as being particularly important health behaviors to target when tailoring treatment approaches to the unique behavioral characteristics of individuals high on certain facets of impulsivity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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8
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Piazza JR, Stawski RS, Sheffler JL. Age, Daily Stress Processes, and Allostatic Load: A Longitudinal Study. J Aging Health 2019; 31:1671-1691. [PMID: 30019595 PMCID: PMC6312754 DOI: 10.1177/0898264318788493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The present study examined age differences in the association between daily stressors and allostatic load. Method: Participants consisted of 317 adults (34-84 years) who participated in Waves 1 (1996-1997) and 2 (between 2005 and 2009) of the Midlife Development in the United States Survey. During Wave 1, participants reported the stressors they encountered across eight consecutive days. Within-person affective reactivity slopes indexing change in negative affect from a nonstressor day to a stressor day were calculated for each participant. Affective reactivity and stressor exposure scores at Wave 1 were used to predict allostatic load at Wave 2. Results: Heightened levels of affective reactivity at Wave 1 predicted elevated levels of allostatic load at Wave 2 but only among older adults who also reported high levels of stressor exposure. No significant associations emerged for younger adults. Discussion: Daily stress processes may be one pathway through which age-related physical health declines occur.
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9
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Ross KM, Rook K, Winczewski L, Collins N, Schetter CD. Close Relationships and Health: The Interactive Effect of Positive and Negative Aspects. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2019; 13:e12468. [PMID: 32922511 PMCID: PMC7485933 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Most health research focuses on the independent associations of positive or negative aspects of close relationships with health outcomes. A small but growing literature has begun to examine interactive effects of positive and negative aspects. These interactive effects frequently predict health independently or above-and-beyond main effects of either the positive or the negative aspects, suggesting unique relationship processes or emergent features of these close relationship patterns. Our goal in this review is to lay out the existing approaches to studying the interactive effects of positive and negative aspects of close relationships, and to review available evidence linking these interactive effects to health outcomes. We conclude by discussing important unresolved issues and highlighting critical directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kharah M. Ross
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,
| | - Karen Rook
- Department of Psychology, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, US,
| | | | - Nancy Collins
- Department of Psychology, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, US,
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10
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Farrell AK, Imami L, Stanton SC, Slatcher RB. Affective processes as mediators of links between close relationships and physical health. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Ross KM, Guardino C, Hobel CJ, Dunkel Schetter C. Partner relationship satisfaction, partner conflict, and maternal cardio-metabolic health in the year following the birth of a child. J Behav Med 2018; 41:722-732. [PMID: 29982975 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-018-9947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner relationship quality during the child-bearing years has implications for maternal health. The purpose of this study was to test whether partner satisfaction, partner conflict, and their interaction predicted maternal cardio-metabolic health at 12-months postpartum. Women were recruited in 5 U.S. sites. Partner conflict and satisfaction were measured at 6-months postpartum, and cardio-metabolic indicators (blood pressure, waist-hip ratio, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol:HDL ratio) were assessed at 6- and 12-months. Cardio-metabolic indices were scored continuously (CM risk) and using clinical risk cutoffs (CM scores). A significant conflict-by-satisfaction interaction emerged for the CM risk, b(SE) = .043 (.016), p = .006, and CM scores, b(SE)= .089 (.028), p = .002, such that when partner satisfaction was low, low partner conflict was associated with poorer postpartum cardio-metabolic health. This is the first study to examine close relationships and cardio-metabolic health during the child-bearing years, an issue warranting further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kharah M Ross
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 502 Portola Plaza, Franz Hall 1285, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Christine Guardino
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 502 Portola Plaza, Franz Hall 1285, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Calvin J Hobel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christine Dunkel Schetter
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 502 Portola Plaza, Franz Hall 1285, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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12
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Cornelius T, Birk JL, Edmondson D, Schwartz JE. The joint influence of emotional reactivity and social interaction quality on cardiovascular responses to daily social interactions in working adults. J Psychosom Res 2018; 108:70-77. [PMID: 29602328 PMCID: PMC5880213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social interaction quality is related to cardiovascular functioning. Trait emotional reactivity may amplify cardiovascular responses to social interactions, but is often examined as a tendency to react to negative events. We took a broader approach by examining the joint effects of positive and negative emotional reactivity and social interaction quality on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and heart rate (HR) responses to daily social interactions. METHODS Participants were part of a larger study on BP and cardiovascular health (N = 805; MAge = 45.3; 40.1% male). Participants completed a measure of emotional reactivity (BIS/BAS) and 24-hour ABP monitoring accompanied by ecological momentary assessments (EMA) about just-experienced social interactions and their pleasantness. Multilevel models tested the associations of emotional reactivity, average pleasantness, and momentary pleasantness with BP and HR. RESULTS Participants who reported more pleasant interactions on average had lower BP (systolic BP: B = -0.51 mmHg; diastolic BP: B = -0.46 mmHg). These effects did not depend on emotional reactivity. The effect of momentary pleasantness depended on BIS/BAS; in less reactive participants, greater pleasantness was associated with lower HR, B = -0.13 bpm; in more reactive participants, greater pleasantness was associated with increased HR, B = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS Participants who had more pleasant social interactions throughout the day had lower mean ABP. The acute effect of a given social interaction on HR depended on emotional reactivity: HR increased for participants high in emotional reactivity during pleasant interactions. Thus, emotional reactivity may influence cardiovascular responses to social stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talea Cornelius
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center, United States.
| | - Jeffrey L. Birk
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center
| | - Donald Edmondson
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center, United States.
| | - Joseph E. Schwartz
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center,Applied Behavioral Medicine Research Institute, Stony Brook University
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13
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Wilson SJ, Martire LM, Sliwinski MJ. Daily Spousal Responsiveness Predicts Longer-Term Trajectories of Patients' Physical Function. Psychol Sci 2017; 28:786-797. [PMID: 28459650 DOI: 10.1177/0956797617697444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Everyday interpersonal experiences may underlie the well-established link between close relationships and physical health, but multiple-timescale designs necessary for strong conclusions about temporal sequence are rarely used. The current study of 145 patients with knee osteoarthritis and their spouses focused on a novel pattern in everyday interactions, daily spousal responsiveness-the degree to which spouses' responses are calibrated to changes in patients' everyday verbal expression of pain. Using couple-level slopes, multilevel latent-variable growth models tested associations between three types of daily spousal responsiveness (empathic, solicitous, and punishing responsiveness), as measured during a 3-week experience-sampling study, and change in patients' physical function across 18 months. As predicted, patients whose spouses were more empathically responsive to their pain expression showed better physical function over time compared with those whose spouses were less empathically responsive. This study points to daily responsiveness, a theoretically rooted operationalization of spousal sensitivity, as important for long-term changes in patients' objective physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Wilson
- Center for Healthy Aging and Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Lynn M Martire
- Center for Healthy Aging and Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Martin J Sliwinski
- Center for Healthy Aging and Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
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Dermody SS, Wright AGC, Cheong J, Miller KG, Muldoon MF, Flory JD, Gianaros PJ, Marsland AL, Manuck SB. Personality Correlates of Midlife Cardiometabolic Risk: The Explanatory Role of Higher-Order Factors of the Five-Factor Model. J Pers 2015; 84:765-776. [PMID: 26249259 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Varying associations are reported between Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits and cardiovascular disease risk. Here, we further examine dispositional correlates of cardiometabolic risk within a hierarchical model of personality that proposes higher-order traits of Stability (shared variance of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, inverse Neuroticism) and Plasticity (Extraversion, Openness), and we test hypothesized mediation via biological and behavioral factors. In an observational study of 856 community volunteers aged 30-54 years (46% male, 86% Caucasian), latent variable FFM traits (using multiple-informant reports) and aggregated cardiometabolic risk (indicators: insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, blood pressure, adiposity) were estimated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The cardiometabolic factor was regressed on each personality factor or higher-order trait. Cross-sectional indirect effects via systemic inflammation, cardiac autonomic control, and physical activity were tested. CFA models confirmed the Stability "meta-trait," but not Plasticity. Lower Stability was associated with heightened cardiometabolic risk. This association was accounted for by inflammation, autonomic function, and physical activity. Among FFM traits, only Openness was associated with risk over and above Stability, and, unlike Stability, this relationship was unexplained by the intervening variables. A Stability meta-trait covaries with midlife cardiometabolic risk, and this association is accounted for by three candidate biological and behavioral factors.
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15
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Ehrlich KB, Hoyt LT, Sumner JA, McDade TW, Adam EK. Quality of relationships with parents and friends in adolescence predicts metabolic risk in young adulthood. Health Psychol 2015; 34:896-904. [PMID: 25689301 PMCID: PMC4537843 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to examine whether family and peer relationships in adolescence predict the emergence of metabolic risk factors in young adulthood. METHOD Participants from a large, nationally representative cohort study (N = 11,617 for these analyses) reported on their relationship experiences with parents and close friends during adolescence. Fourteen years later, interviewers collected blood samples, as well as anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Blood samples were analyzed for HbA1c. RESULTS Ordered logistic regressions revealed that for females, supportive parent-child relationships and close male friendships in adolescence were associated with reduced odds of having elevated metabolic risk markers in young adulthood. These effects remained significant even after controlling for baseline measures of body mass index (BMI) and health and demographic covariates. The protective effects of close relationships were not significant for males, however. Exploratory analyses with 2-parent families revealed that supportive father-child relationships were especially protective for females. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, for females, close and supportive relationships with parents and male friends in adolescence may reduce the risk of metabolic dysregulation in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B. Ehrlich
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
| | - Lindsay T. Hoyt
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health and Society Scholar at University of California, San Francisco and Berkeley
| | - Jennifer A. Sumner
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
| | - Thomas W. McDade
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University
| | - Emma K. Adam
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
- Program on Human Development and Social Policy, School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University
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16
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The psychosocial indicators related to neuroticism in both sexes: A study of incoming university students. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2015; 31:208-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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17
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Positive attributes protect adolescents from risk for the metabolic syndrome. J Adolesc Health 2014; 55:678-83. [PMID: 25060290 PMCID: PMC4209330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Risk for cardiovascular disease develops as early as adolescence. The primary objective of the present study was to identify whether low levels of positive and high levels of negative emotions and attitudes are associated with the combination of cardiovascular risk factors known as the metabolic syndrome. METHODS Participants were 239 healthy adolescents (57% black; 53% female; mean age, 15.7 years) from a low-to-middle class community. They completed measures of negative and positive emotions and attitudes, which were factor analyzed and yielded two factors. Positive attributes included general positive affect, optimistic attitudes, subjective social status, and self-esteem. Negative emotions included cynical attitudes, depressive symptoms, trait anger, and general negative affect. Components of the metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, glucose, blood pressure, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were standardized and averaged to create a metabolic syndrome composite risk score. RESULTS Linear regression analyses showed that the positive attributes factor was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome composite risk score, p < .01. The relationship remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, physical activity, smoking, and body mass index percentile. The negative emotion factor was unrelated to metabolic risk score. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with more positive attributes had lower metabolic syndrome risk scores. This study emphasizes the importance of the development of psychosocial resources during the adolescent transition for potentially reducing future cardiovascular risk.
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18
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Childhood poverty and blood pressure reactivity to and recovery from an acute stressor in late adolescence: the mediating role of family conflict. Psychosom Med 2013; 75:691-700. [PMID: 23960158 PMCID: PMC3769521 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e31829f9823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood deprivation is inimical to health throughout the life course. Early experiences of stress could play a role in health inequalities. An important aspect of childhood poverty that has not received much attention is cardiovascular reactivity to and recovery from acute stressors. METHODS Piecewise, multilevel growth curve regression was used to examine blood pressure reactivity to and recovery from a mental arithmetic task among late adolescents (mean [standard deviation] = 17.3 [1.0] years, n = 185) as a function of early childhood poverty (9 years). We also tested whether exposure to family conflict at age 13 years mediated expected linkages between childhood poverty and adolescent blood pressure reactivity and recovery to an acute stressor. RESULTS Blood pressure reactivity was unaffected by household income during childhood, but late adolescents with lower household income during childhood showed slower systolic (b = -0.29, p = .004) and diastolic (b = -0.19, p = .002) recovery. These results include age and sex as statistical covariates. The significant poverty impact on systolic but not on diastolic blood pressure recovery was mediated by exposure to family conflict (95% confidence interval = - 0.1400 to - 0.0012). CONCLUSIONS We show that late adolescents who grew up in poverty have delayed blood pressure recovery from an acute stressor. Furthermore, childhood exposure to family conflict, a well-documented component of early childhood deprivation, accounted for some of the adverse effects of childhood poverty on stressor recovery among these adolescents. We discuss the importance of considering physiological stress accompanying early experiences of deprivation in thinking about health inequalities.
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19
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Cybele Raver C, McCoy DC, Lowenstein AE, Pess R. Predicting individual differences in low-income children's executive control from early to middle childhood. Dev Sci 2013; 16:394-408. [PMID: 23587038 PMCID: PMC3798022 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present longitudinal study tested the roles of early childhood executive control (EC) as well as exposure to poverty-related adversity at family and school levels as key predictors of low-income children's EC in elementary school (n = 391). Findings suggest that children's EC difficulties in preschool and lower family income from early to middle childhood are robust predictors of later EC difficulties as rated by teachers in 2nd and 3rd grades. Findings also suggest enrollment in unsafe elementary schools is significantly predictive of higher levels of teacher-rated EC difficulty, but only for those children who showed initially elevated levels of EC difficulty in early childhood. Implications for scientific models of cognitive development and poverty-related adversity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cybele Raver
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA.
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20
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Piazza JR, Charles ST, Sliwinski MJ, Mogle J, Almeida DM. Affective reactivity to daily stressors and long-term risk of reporting a chronic physical health condition. Ann Behav Med 2013. [PMID: 23080393 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-012-9423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily stressors, such as an argument with a spouse or an impending deadline, are associated with short-term changes in physical health symptoms. Whether these minor hassles have long-term physical health ramifications, however, is largely unknown. PURPOSE The current study examined whether exposure and reactivity to daily stressors is associated with long-term risk of reporting a chronic physical health condition. METHODS Participants (N = 435) from the National Study of Daily Experiences completed a series of daily diary interviews between 1995 and 1996 and again 10 years later. RESULTS Greater affective (i.e., emotional) reactivity to daily stressors at time 1 was associated with an increased risk of reporting a chronic physical health condition at time 2. CONCLUSION Results indicate that how people respond to the daily stressors in their lives is predictive of future chronic health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Piazza
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
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21
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Piazza JR, Charles ST, Sliwinski MJ, Mogle J, Almeida DM. Affective reactivity to daily stressors and long-term risk of reporting a chronic physical health condition. Ann Behav Med 2013; 45:110-20. [PMID: 23080393 PMCID: PMC3626280 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-012-9423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily stressors, such as an argument with a spouse or an impending deadline, are associated with short-term changes in physical health symptoms. Whether these minor hassles have long-term physical health ramifications, however, is largely unknown. PURPOSE The current study examined whether exposure and reactivity to daily stressors is associated with long-term risk of reporting a chronic physical health condition. METHODS Participants (N = 435) from the National Study of Daily Experiences completed a series of daily diary interviews between 1995 and 1996 and again 10 years later. RESULTS Greater affective (i.e., emotional) reactivity to daily stressors at time 1 was associated with an increased risk of reporting a chronic physical health condition at time 2. CONCLUSION Results indicate that how people respond to the daily stressors in their lives is predictive of future chronic health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Piazza
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
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Murphy MLM, Slavich GM, Rohleder N, Miller GE. Targeted Rejection Triggers Differential Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Gene Expression in Adolescents as a Function of Social Status. Clin Psychol Sci 2013; 1:30-40. [PMID: 23638342 DOI: 10.1177/2167702612455743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Social difficulties during adolescence influence life-span health. To elucidate underlying mechanisms, we examined whether a noxious social event, targeted rejection (TR), influences the signaling pathways that regulate inflammation, which is implicated in a number of health problems. For this study, 147 adolescent women at risk for developing a first episode of major depression were interviewed every 6 months for 2.5 years to assess recent TR exposure, and blood was drawn to quantify leukocyte messenger RNA (mRNA) for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and inhibitor of κB (I-κB) and the inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. Participants had more NF-κB and I-κB mRNA at visits when TR had occurred. These shifts in inflammatory signaling were most pronounced for adolescents high in perceived social status. These findings demonstrate that social rejection upregulates inflammatory gene expression in youth at risk for depression, particularly for those high in status. If sustained, this heightened inflammatory signaling could have implications for life-span health.
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Personality as a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2012; 73:326-33. [PMID: 23062804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease and/or type 2 diabetes. Personality can be defined as a stable set of behavioral characteristics of a person. In this review we systematically reviewed whether different personality characteristics are associated with the risk of having or developing the metabolic syndrome. METHODS Systematic review. RESULTS In total 18 studies were included. Thirteen cross-sectional analyses, and ten longitudinal analyses were grouped according to personality constructs: hostility, anger, and Type A behavior, temperament, neuroticism, and Type D personality. Conflicting evidence was reported on persons with high hostility, neuroticism, or Type D personality scores to be associated with an increased metabolic syndrome prevalence and development. All significant findings do point in the same direction: a more negative, or hostile personality type is associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its development over time. CONCLUSION There was no clear association between personality measures and the occurrence and development of the metabolic syndrome. There is, however, a cluster of risk factors that include the presence of the metabolic syndrome, as well as a more negative prone personality style, that both predispose to the development of coronary heart disease and diabetes. Future studies should investigate the role of personality measures in the development of these conditions, while taking into account metabolic syndrome, lifestyle and socio-demographic factors.
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