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Ramessur V, Hunma S, Joonas N, Ramessur BN, Schutz Y, Montani JP, Dulloo AG. Visceral-to-peripheral adiposity ratio: a critical determinant of sex and ethnic differences in cardiovascular risks among Asian Indians and African Creoles in Mauritius. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:1092-1102. [PMID: 38615158 PMCID: PMC11281908 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality are higher in people of South Asian origin than in those of African origin. We investigated whether as young adults without diabetes, people in Mauritius of South Asian descent (Indians) would show a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile that those of predominantly African descent (Creoles), and whether this could be explained by ethnic differences in visceral adiposity or other fat distribution patterns. METHODS The study was conducted in 189 young non-physically active adults, with the following measurements conducted after an overnight fast: anthropometry (weight, height, waist circumference), whole-body and regional body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, and blood assays for glycemic (glucose and HbA1c) and lipid profile (triglycerides and cholesterols). RESULTS The results indicate higher serum triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol in men than in women, and in Indians than in Creoles (p < 0.001). No significant differences due to sex or ethnicity are observed in body mass index and waist circumference, but indices of visceral adiposity (visceral/android, visceral/subcutaneous) and visceral-to-peripheral adiposity ratio (visceral/gynoid, visceral/limb) were significantly higher in men than in women, and in Indians than in Creoles. The significant effects of sex and ethnicity on blood lipid profile were either completely abolished or reduced to a greater extent after adjusting for the ratio of visceral-to-peripheral adiposity than for visceral adiposity per se. CONCLUSIONS In young adults in Mauritius, Indians show a more adverse pattern of body fat distribution and blood lipid risk profile than Creoles. Differences in their fat distribution patterns, however, only partially explain their differential atherogenic lipid risk profile, amid a greater impact of visceral-to-peripheral adiposity ratio than that of visceral adiposity per se on sex and ethnic differences in cardiovascular risks; the former possibly reflecting the ratio of hazardous (visceral) adiposity and protective (peripheral) superficial subcutaneous adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinaysing Ramessur
- Obesity Research Unit, Biochemistry Dept., Central Health Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, Ministry of Health & Wellness, Plaines Wilhems, Mauritius
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sadhna Hunma
- Obesity Research Unit, Biochemistry Dept., Central Health Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, Ministry of Health & Wellness, Plaines Wilhems, Mauritius
| | - Noorjehan Joonas
- Obesity Research Unit, Biochemistry Dept., Central Health Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, Ministry of Health & Wellness, Plaines Wilhems, Mauritius
| | - Bibi Nasreen Ramessur
- Obesity Research Unit, Biochemistry Dept., Central Health Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, Ministry of Health & Wellness, Plaines Wilhems, Mauritius
| | - Yves Schutz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Montani
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Abdul G Dulloo
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science & Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Sahl RE, Patsi I, Hansen MT, Rømer T, Frandsen J, Rasmusen HK, Ingersen A, Poulsen SS, Dela F, Larsen S, Helge JW. Prolonged Endurance Exercise Increases Macrophage Content and Mitochondrial Respiration in Adipose Tissue in Trained Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e799-e808. [PMID: 37643899 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prolonged endurance exercise on adipose tissue inflammation markers and mitochondrial respiration in younger and older men. METHODS "Young" (aged 30 years, n = 7) and "old" (aged 65 years, n = 7) trained men were exposed to an exercise intervention of 15 consecutive days biking 7 to 9 hours/day at 63% and 65% of maximal heart rate (young and old, respectively), going from Copenhagen, Denmark to Palermo, Italy. Adipose tissue was sampled from both the gluteal and abdominal depot before and after the intervention. Mitochondrial respiration was measured by high-resolution respirometry, and adipose inflammation was assessed by immunohistochemical staining of paraffin embedded sections. RESULTS An increased number of CD163+ macrophages was observed in both the gluteal and abdominal depot (P < .01). In addition, an increased mitochondrial respiration was observed in the abdominal adipose tissue from men in the young group with complex I (CIp) stimulated respiration, complex I + II (CI+IIp) stimulated respiration and the capacity of the electron transport system (ETS) (P < .05), and in the older group an increase in CIp and CI+IIp stimulated respiration (P < .05) was found. CONCLUSION Overall, we found a positive effect of prolonged endurance exercise on adipose tissue inflammation markers and mitochondrial respiration in both young and old trained men, and no sign of attenuated function in adipose tissue with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronni Eg Sahl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ioanna Patsi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Thunestvedt Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Tue Rømer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jacob Frandsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hanne Kruuse Rasmusen
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Arthur Ingersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Steen Seier Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jørn Wulff Helge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Ma W, Zhu H, Yu X, Zhai X, Li S, Huang N, Liu K, Shirai K, Sheerah HA, Cao J. Association between android fat mass, gynoid fat mass and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in adults: NHANES 2003-2007. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1055223. [PMID: 37273879 PMCID: PMC10233278 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1055223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Evidence of the relationship between android fat mass and gynoid fat mass with the mortality prediction is still limited. Current study analyzed the NHANES database to investigate the relationship between android fat mass, gynoid fat mass and CVD, with all-cause mortality. Method The study subjects were NHANES participants over 20 years old, two indicators of regional body composition, android fat and gynoid fat were measured by Dual Energy x-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). The other various covariates data obtained from the NHANES questionnaire and laboratory measurements, including age, gender, education, race/ethnicity, uric acid, total serum cholesterol, albumin, Vitamin C, folate, alcohol drinking, smoking status, history of diabetes, and hypertension. Mortality status was ascertained from a linked mortality file prepared by the National Center for Health Statistics. The study population was divided quartiles based on the distribution of android fat mass and gynoid fat mass. The relationship between these two indicators with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality was investigated by using Cox regression. The covariates age, gender, smoking status, drinking status, history of diabetes, and history of hypertension were stratified. Results In the fully adjusted model, Q3 had the lowest HR in android fat mass and gynoid fat mass. When examining the relationship between android fat mass and CVD mortality, current smokers and drinkers had the lowest CVD risk in Q2 [smoking: 0.21 (0.08, 0.52), drinking: 0.14 (0.04, 0.50)]. In diabetic patients, compared with Q1, other groups with increased android fat mass can significantly reduce the risk of CVD [Q4: 0.17 (0.04, 0.75), Q3: 0.18 (0.03, 1.09), Q2: 0.27 (0.09, 0.83)]. In ≥60 years old and female, the greater the gynoid fat mass, the smaller the HR of all-cause mortality [Q4 for ≥60 years old: 0.57 (0.33, 0.96), Q4 for female: 0.37 (0.23, 0.58)]. People <60 years old had a lower risk of all-cause mortality with gynoid fat mass in Q3 than those ≥60 years old [<60 years: 0.50 (0.27, 0.91), ≥60 years: 0.65 (0.45, 0.95)]. Among subjects without hypertension, the group with the largest android fat mass had the lowest risk of CVD mortality, and the group with the largest gynoid fat mass had the lowest risk of all-cause mortality [Android fat mass: 0.36 (0.16, 0.81), gynoid fat mass: 0.57 (0.39, 0.85)]. Conclusion Moderate android fat mass and gynoid fat mass (Q3) had the most protective effect. Smokers and drinkers need to control their body fat. Being too thin is harmful to people with diabetes. Increased gynoid fat mass is a protective factor for all-cause mortality in older adults and females. Young people's gynoid fat mass is more protective in the moderate range than older people's. If no high blood pressure exists, people with more android and gynoid fat mass have a lower risk of CVD or all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Ma
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiping Zhu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Yu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhai
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Driven Drug Discovery, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China
| | - Shiyang Li
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nian Huang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Keyang Liu
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-shi, Japan
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-shi, Japan
| | - Haytham A. Sheerah
- Assistant Deputyship for International Collaborations, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jinhong Cao
- School of Management, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Research Center for the Development of Chinese Medicine, Hubei Province Project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities, Wuhan, China
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Yang L, Huang H, Liu Z, Ruan J, Xu C. Association of the android to gynoid fat ratio with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1162079. [PMID: 37255941 PMCID: PMC10226647 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1162079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a severe global public health problem, and can developed into fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but its risk factors have not been fully identified. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the android-to-gynoid fat ratio (A/G ratio) and the prevalence of NAFLD. Methods This cross-sectional study is based on the 2003-2006 and 2011-2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and included 10,989 participants. Participants aged 20 and older without viral hepatitis or significant alcohol consumption were included. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition. NAFLD was diagnosed using the United States fatty liver index (US FLI). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the A/G ratio and NAFLD. Results The prevalence of NAFLD was 32.15% among the study population. Android percent fat and the A/G ratio were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD than in those without NAFLD [41.68% (0.25) vs. 32.80% (0.27), p < 0.001; 1.14 ± 0.01 vs. 0.94 ± 0.00, p < 0.001, respectively]. Logistic regression analysis showed that android percent fat was positively correlated to NAFLD (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.11-1.18), while gynoid percent fat was negatively correlated to NAFLD (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.90-0.94), and the A/G ratio was significantly associated with the prevalence of NAFLD (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.38-1.82) and fibrotic NASH (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.71-2.38). We also found that females had a notably diminished A/G ratio compared with males (0.91 vs. 1.12, p < 0.001). In addition, the female population proportion was negatively correlated with the A/G ratio, which may partly explain the lower prevalence of NAFLD in females. What is more, the OR value of the A/G ratio in the female subgroup was much higher than that in the male subgroup in all adjusted models. Conclusion A/G ratio is significantly associated with NAFLD and fibrotic NASH. Women have a lower A/G ratio than men, which may explain the sex difference in NAFLD prevalence. Furthermore, with a higher A/G ratio, the association between females and NAFLD are greatly elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangkai Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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Su KJ, Chen XY, Gong R, Zhao Q, Hu SD, Feng MC, Li Y, Lin X, Zhang YH, Greenbaum J, Tian Q, Shen H, Xiao HM, Shen J, Deng HW. Systematic metabolomic studies identified adult adiposity biomarkers with acetylglycine associated with fat loss in vivo. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1166333. [PMID: 37122566 PMCID: PMC10141311 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1166333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with various adverse health outcomes. Body fat (BF) distribution is recognized as an important factor of negative health consequences of obesity. Although metabolomics studies, mainly focused on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, have explored the biological mechanisms involved in the development of obesity, these proxy composite measures are not accurate and cannot reflect BF distribution, and thus may hinder accurate assessment of metabolic alterations and differential risk of metabolic disorders among individuals presenting adiposity differently throughout the body. Thus, the exact relations between metabolites and BF remain to be elucidated. Here, we aim to examine the associations of metabolites and metabolic pathways with BF traits which reflect BF distribution. We performed systematic untargeted serum metabolite profiling and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) whole body fat scan for 517 Chinese women. We jointly analyzed DXA-derived four BF phenotypes to detect cross-phenotype metabolite associations and to prioritize important metabolomic factors. Topology-based pathway analysis was used to identify important BF-related biological processes. Finally, we explored the relationships of the identified BF-related candidate metabolites with BF traits in different sex and ethnicity through two independent cohorts. Acetylglycine, the top distinguished finding, was validated for its obesity resistance effect through in vivo studies of various diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Eighteen metabolites and fourteen pathways were discovered to be associated with BF phenotypes. Six of the metabolites were validated in varying sex and ethnicity. The obesity-resistant effects of acetylglycine were observed to be highly robust and generalizable in both human and DIO mice. These findings demonstrate the importance of metabolites associated with BF distribution patterns and several biological pathways that may contribute to obesity and obesity-related disease etiology, prevention, and intervention. Acetylglycine is highlighted as a potential therapeutic candidate for preventing excessive adiposity in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Jui Su
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Xing-Ying Chen
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Gong
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
- Department of Cadre Ward Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Shi-Di Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Chen Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Li
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Hua Zhang
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Jonathan Greenbaum
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Qing Tian
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hong-Mei Xiao
- Center of System Biology, Data Information and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Wen Deng, ; Jie Shen,
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hong-Wen Deng, ; Jie Shen,
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Gradidge PJL, Jaff NG, Norris SA, Toman M, Crowther NJ. The negative association of lower body fat mass with cardiometabolic disease risk factors is partially mediated by adiponectin. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e220156. [PMID: 36169024 PMCID: PMC9641776 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gluteofemoral fat correlates negatively with a number of cardiometabolic disease risk factors, but the mechanisms involved in these relationships are unknown. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that gluteofemoral fat attenuates the risk of cardiometabolic disease by increasing blood adiponectin levels. This was a cross-sectional study in which arm, leg, gluteofemoral, abdominal s.c. and visceral fat levels were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 648 African females. Fasting serum adiponectin, lipid, insulin and plasma glucose levels and blood pressure were measured. Relationships between variables were analysed using multivariable linear regression and structural equation modelling. Adiponectin correlated positively (β = 0.45, P < 0.0001) with gluteofemoral fat in a multivariable regression model that included age, height, and arm, s.c. and visceral fat levels. In further regression models, there was a negative correlation of gluteofemoral fat with fasting glucose (β = -0.28; P < 0.0001) and triglyceride levels (β = -0.29; P < 0.0001) and insulin resistance (HOMA; β = -0.26; P < 0.0001). Structural equation modelling demonstrated that adiponectin mediated 20.7% (P < 0.01) of the association of gluteofemoral fat with insulin resistance and 16.1% (P < 0.01) of the association with triglyceride levels but only 6.67% (P = 0.31) of the association with glucose levels. These results demonstrate that gluteofemoral and leg fat are positively associated with adiponectin levels and that the negative association of lower body fat with insulin resistance and triglyceride levels may partially be mediated by this adipokine. Further studies are required to determine other factors that mediate the effect of lower body fat on cardiometabolic disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Jean-Luc Gradidge
- Centre for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicole G Jaff
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shane A Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Global Health Research Institute, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marketa Toman
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nigel J Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Ni S, Jia M, Wang X, Hong Y, Zhao X, Zhang L, Ru Y, Yang F, Zhu S. Associations of eating speed with fat distribution and body shape vary in different age groups and obesity status. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:63. [PMID: 36100862 PMCID: PMC9469611 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00698-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eating speed has been reported to be associated with energy intake, body weight, waist circumference (WC), and total body fat. However, no study has explored the association between eating speed and body fat distribution, especially its difference among different age or body mass index (BMI) groups. Methods 4770 participants aged 18–80 years were recruited from the baseline survey of the Lanxi Cohort Study. They were categorized into three groups according to meal duration. Linear regression analyses were performed among all participants and separately by age group and obesity status to evaluate the associations of WC and total and regional fat mass percentages (FM%) with eating speed. Results After adjusting for confounding factors, eating slowly was significantly related to lower WC, lower total, trunk, and android FM%, lower android-to-gynoid fat mass ratio, and higher leg and gynoid FM%. After stratification by age or obesity status, the associations were especially prominent among participants aged 18–44 years or those with BMI < 24 kg/m2. No significant trends were found for participants aged 65–80 years or those who were overweight/obese. Conclusions Eating slowly is closely related with better fat distribution among Chinese adults, especially for those aged 18–44 years and those with BMI < 24 kg/m2. If confirmed prospectively, it might be a potential efficient approach to improve fat distribution. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00698-w.
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Bennett JP, Liu YE, Quon BK, Kelly NN, Leong LT, Wong MC, Kennedy SF, Chow DC, Garber AK, Weiss EJ, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd JA. Three-dimensional optical body shape and features improve prediction of metabolic disease risk in a diverse sample of adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1589-1598. [PMID: 35894079 PMCID: PMC9333197 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined whether body shape and composition obtained by three-dimensional optical (3DO) scanning improved the prediction of metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence compared with BMI and demographics. METHODS A diverse ambulatory adult population underwent whole-body 3DO scanning, blood tests, manual anthropometrics, and blood pressure assessment in the Shape Up! Adults study. MetS prevalence was evaluated based on 2005 National Cholesterol Education Program criteria, and prediction of MetS involved logistic regression to assess (1) BMI, (2) demographics-adjusted BMI, (3) 85 3DO anthropometry and body composition measures, and (4) BMI + 3DO + demographics models. Receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) values were generated for each predictive model. RESULTS A total of 501 participants (280 female) were recruited, with 87 meeting the criteria for MetS. Compared with the BMI model (AUC = 0.819), inclusion of age, sex, and race increased the AUC to 0.861, and inclusion of 3DO measures further increased the AUC to 0.917. The overall integrated discrimination improvement between the 3DO + demographics and the BMI model was 0.290 (p < 0.0001) with a net reclassification improvement of 0.214 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Body shape measures from an accessible 3DO scan, adjusted for demographics, predicted MetS better than demographics and/or BMI alone. Risk classification in this population increased by 29% when using 3DO scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Bennett
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Hawai'i Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Yong En Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Brandon K Quon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Nisa N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Lambert T Leong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Michael C Wong
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Hawai'i Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Samantha F Kennedy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Dominic C Chow
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Andrea K Garber
- Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ethan J Weiss
- Division of Cardiology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - John A Shepherd
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Hawai'i Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Prasetyo M, Andreas S, Sunardi D, Prihartono J, Imanuel Setiawan S, Christian A. Ultrasonographic measurement of abdominal and gluteal-femoral fat thickness as a predictor for android/gynoid ratio. Eur J Radiol 2022; 154:110387. [PMID: 35660916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of ultrasonography (US) as an alternative to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to predict the percentage ratio of android/gynoid (A/G) fat mass. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Twenty-eight participants included in the study underwent whole-body DXA examinations and the A/G ratio was calculated. Soft-tissue US was performed in several standardised anthropometric areas of the body. Correlation analysis between abdominal and gluteal-femoral fat thickness based on US and A/G ratio was conducted using the Pearson or Spearman test depending on the data normality. Multiple regression analysis using the backward stepwise method was performed to establish an equation for estimating the A/G ratio. RESULTS There was a strong and significant correlation between fat thickness in the six anthropometric areas and the A/G ratio in female participants. The analysis revealed three anthropometric areas: upper abdomen (S4), lower abdomen (S5), and mid-xiphoid-umbilical region (S7), that can accurately predict the A/G ratio by 82.3%. (P < 0.05). However, no such correlation was found in male participants. CONCLUSIONS US measurement of fat thickness can predict A/G ratio in the female population. However, this method is not recommended for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Prasetyo
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Steven Andreas
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diana Sunardi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Joedo Prihartono
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Stefanus Imanuel Setiawan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Andreas Christian
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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10
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Tzenios N, Lewis ED, Crowley DC, Chahine M, Evans M. Examining the Efficacy of a Very-Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet on Cardiovascular Health in Adults with Mildly Elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in an Open-Label Pilot Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2021; 20:94-103. [PMID: 34918971 PMCID: PMC8972001 DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this open-label pilot study was to investigate the efficacy of a very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (VLCKD), known as Nic's Ketogenic Diet, for 140 days on cardiometabolic markers in healthy adults with mildly elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Methods: Study assessments were conducted at Day 0, 28, 56, 70, 84, 112, and 140, and weight and blood pressure (BP) were measured and fasting blood was collected for analysis of plasma lipids. A DEXA scan was performed and body mass index recorded on Day 0, 70, and 140. Blood glucose, inflammatory, and thyroid markers were measured on Day 0 and 140. Compliance was assessed using weekly 3-day food records and daily blood glucose and ketone monitoring. Results: The results showed that body fat percentage decreased by 2.25% and 4.41% at Day 70 and 140, respectively (P ≤ 0.012). Significant reductions in android, gynoid, and android/gynoid fat ratio and increases in muscle mass occurred by Day 70 and 140. Total cholesterol, LDL-C, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were increased and systolic BP and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were decreased at Day 140 (P < 0.05). Following this VLCKD for 140 days was found to be safe and was well tolerated. Conclusion: The VLCKD showed beneficial changes in body composition and cardiometabolic markers in eutrophic and overweight participants in a 140-day study suggesting a future role for this diet in populations at cardiovascular disease risk. Future research with larger sample size in a randomized double blind clinical trial is warranted to confirm these results. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT04195594.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tzenios
- Public Health and Medical Research, Charisma University, Grace Bay, Turks and Caicos Islands.,Global Clinical Scholars Research Training Program, Department of Postgraduate Medical Education, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Mohamad Chahine
- Biological and Chemical Technology, International Medical Institute, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation
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11
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Gowri S M, Antonisamy B, Geethanjali FS, Thomas N, Jebasingh F, Paul TV, Karpe F, Osmond C, Fall CHD, Vasan SK. Distinct opposing associations of upper and lower body fat depots with metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk markers. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2490-2498. [PMID: 34331002 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the associations of total and regional adiposity with metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1080 (53.8% men, aged 39-44 years) individuals from South India. Anthropometry (height, weight, waist and hip circumference), body composition assessment using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), blood pressure (BP), and plasma glucose, insulin and lipids were measured. Regression analysis was used to examine associations of standardized fat measurements with type 2 diabetes (T2D), insulin resistance (IR), hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia and continuous measurements of BP, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and lipids. Contour plots were constructed to visualize the differential effect of upper and lower fat depots. RESULTS DXA-measured fat depots were positively associated with metabolic and CVD risk markers. After adjusting for fat mass index, upper body fat remained positively, while lower body fat was negatively associated with risk markers. A one standard deviation (SD) increase in android fat showed higher odds ratios (ORs) for T2D (6.59; 95% CI 3.17, 13.70), IR (4.68; 95% CI 2.31, 9.50), hypertension (2.57; 95% CI 1.56, 4.25) and hypertriglyceridemia (6.39; 95% CI 3.46, 11.90) in men. A 1 SD increase in leg fat showed a protective effect with ORs for T2D (0.42; 95% CI 0.24, 0.74), IR (0.31; 95% CI 0.17, 0.57) and hypertriglyceridemia (0.61; 95% CI 0.38, 0.98). The magnitude of the effect was greater with DXA-measured fat compared with anthropometry. CONCLUSION At any level of total body fat, upper and lower body fat depots demonstrate opposite risk associations with metabolic and CVD risk markers in Asian Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nihal Thomas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Felix Jebasingh
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Thomas V Paul
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Caroline H D Fall
- MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Senthil K Vasan
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
- MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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12
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Yang Y, Xie M, Yuan S, Zeng Y, Dong Y, Wang Z, Xiao Q, Dong B, Ma J, Hu J. Sex differences in the associations between adiposity distribution and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese individuals: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1232. [PMID: 34174845 PMCID: PMC8234731 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to assess the associations between adiposity distribution and cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight and obese adults in China, and to demonstrate the sex differences in these associations. Methods A total of 1221 participants (455 males and 766 females) were included in this study. Percentage of body fat (PBF) of the whole body and regional areas, including arm, thigh, trunk, android, and gynoid, were measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method. Central adiposity was measured by waist circumference. Clustered cardiometabolic risk was defined as the presence of two or more of the six cardiometabolic risk factors, namely, high triglyceride, low high density lipoprotein, elevated glucose, elevated blood pressure, elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and low adiponectin. Linear regression models and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between whole body or regional PBF and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results In females, except arm adiposity, other regional fat (thigh, trunk, android, gynoid) and whole-body PBF are significantly associated with clustered cardiometabolic risk, adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and whole-body PBF. One-SD increase in Z scores of the thigh and gynoid PBF were significantly associated with 80 and 78% lower odds of clustered cardiometabolic risk (OR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.12–0.35 and OR: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.12–0.41). Trunk, android and whole-body PBF were significantly associated with higher odds of clustered risk with OR of 1.90 (95%CI:1.02–3.55), 2.91 (95%CI: 1.75–4.85), and 2.01 (95%CI: 1.47–2.76), respectively. While in males, one-SD increase in the thigh and gynoid PBF are associated with 94% (OR: 0.06, 95%CI: 0.02–0.23) and 83% lower odds (OR: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.05–0.57) of clustered cardiometabolic risk, respectively. Android and whole-body PBF were associated with higher odds of clustered cardiometabolic risk (OR: 3.39, 95%CI: 1.42–8.09 and OR: 2.45, 95%CI: 1.53–3.92), but the association for trunk PBF was not statistically significant (OR: 1.16, 95%CI: 0.42–3.19). Conclusions Adiposity distribution plays an important role in the clustered cardiometabolic risk in participants with overweight and obese and sex differences were observed in these associations. In general, central obesity (measured by android PBF) could be the best anthropometric measurement for screening people at risk for CVD risk factors for both men and women. Upper body fat tends to be more detrimental to cardiometabolic health in women than in men, whereas lower body fat is relatively more protective in men than in women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11316-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yide Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, China.,Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Shuqian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhenghe Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiu Xiao
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
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13
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Puccinelli P, DE Lira CA, Vancini RL, Nikolaidis PT, Knechtle B, Andrade MS. Distribution of body fat is associated with physical performance of male amateur triathlon athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:215-221. [PMID: 33666075 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endurance sports are strongly associated with maximum oxygen uptake, anaerobic threshold, running economy and body fat percentage. Despite the importance for performance of the low-fat mass being a consensus in the literature, there are no data about the importance of the pattern of fat distribution. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between fat mass distribution with triathlon performance and physiological determinants of performance: maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), ventilatory threshold (AT) and running economy (RE), and to verify the predictive value for performance of gynoid or android fat mass distribution. METHODS Thirty-nine triathletes (38.8±6.9 years, 174.8±6.5cm and 74.3±8.8kg) were evaluated for anthropometric (total body mass, fat mass, lean mass, android and gynoid fat mass) and physiological (VO2max, AT and RE) parameters. Split and overall race times were registered. RESULTS Overall race time relationship with gynoid fat mass (r=.529, p<.05) was classified as moderate higher than and with android fat mass (r=.416, p<.05) was classified as low. All split times and overall race time presented significant positive correlation with only total fat mass (%) (r =.329 to .574, p<.05) and with gynoid fat mass (%) (r=.359 to .529, p<.05). Overall race time can be better predicted by gynoid fat mass (ß=0.529, t=4.093, p<0.001, r2=0.28) than by android fat mass (ß =0.416, t=2.997, p=0.005, r2=0.17). CONCLUSIONS Fat mass distribution is associated with triathlon performance, and the gynoid fat pattern is worse for triathlon performance than the android pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Puccinelli
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio A DE Lira
- Human and Exercise Physiology Division, Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L Vancini
- Center of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland - .,Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marilia S Andrade
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Sivakumar J, Chong L, Ward S, Sutherland TR, Read M, Hii MW. Body Composition Changes Following a Very-Low-Calorie Pre-Operative Diet in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2020; 30:119-126. [PMID: 31529393 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty liver in obese patients increases the technical difficulty of bariatric surgery. Pre-operative weight loss with a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) is commonly used to facilitate surgery. Few studies have quantified the systemic effect of rapid pre-operative weight loss on body composition. The objective of this study is to evaluate body composition changes in bariatric surgery patients undergoing a VLCD. METHODS Body composition assessments were performed between August 2017 and January 2019 using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry immediately before and after a 2-week VLCD at St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne. Data collected prospectively pre- and post-VLCD included total body weight, excess body weight, body mass index (BMI), lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM) and bone mineral content (BMC). The pre- and post-operative results were compared. RESULTS Forty-four patients completed both the 2-week VLCD and body composition assessments. Following a 2-week VLCD, patients lost a mean of 4.5 kg (range - 0.3 to 9.5) in a total body weight and 8.8% (range - 0.9 to 17.1) of excess body weight, with a mean reduction in body mass index of 1.6 kg/m2 (range - 0.2 to 3.1). Loss of LBM was 2.8 kg and was significantly greater than loss of FM, 1.7 kg (p < 0.05). BMC changes were insignificant. CONCLUSION A VLCD is an effective tool for pre-operative weight reduction. In this cohort, a large amount of the total weight loss was attributed to a loss of lean body mass. The impact of significant lean body mass loss and its relationship to short- and long-term health outcomes warrants further assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sivakumar
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Upper GI Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
| | - Lynn Chong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Upper GI Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Salena Ward
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Upper GI Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Tom R Sutherland
- Department of Radiology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Read
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Upper GI Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael W Hii
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Upper GI Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Zheng S, Tong M, Dong L, Du C, Zheng X, Wang L, Huang P, Liu W, Lin M, Liu C. Lipid accumulation product independently correlate with hepatic steatosis quantified by controlled attenuation parameter in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:154-162. [PMID: 31910158 PMCID: PMC6993272 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the independent associations of the new adiposity indices lipid accumulation product (LAP) index, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and product of triglycerides and glucose (TyG) with the risks of hepatic steatosis (HS) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study with 101 women with PCOS undergoing controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measurement who were recruited from November 2018 to August 2019. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the associations of adiposity indices with HS. RESULT(S) Among the 101 PCOS patients, the prevalence rate of HS was 70.3%. The PCOS patients with HS have higher percentage of overweight/obesity status, higher level of aminotransferase (AST and ALT), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), LAP, VAI, TyG, waist circumference (WC), and BMI (P < 0.05). Partial correlation analysis showed LAP, WC and BMI were significantly positively associated with CAP (P < 0.05) after controlling for confounding factors. Besides, BMI, WC, and CAP were gradually elevated with the increase of LAP level. Further, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed adjusted odd ratio (OR) with associated 95% CI (OR (95% CI)) were respectively 1.09 (1.03-1.16) for LAP, 1.14 (1.05-1.23) for WC, 1.28 (1.08-1.51) for BMI, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that in women with PCOS, except for the traditional adiposity indices (WC and BMI), LAP is independently correlated with the risk of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silan Zheng
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meifeng Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lianqin Dong
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunmin Du
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peiying Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingzhu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Changqin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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16
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Metabolically Healthy Obesity-Heterogeneity in Definitions and Unconventional Factors. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10020048. [PMID: 32012784 PMCID: PMC7074352 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of heterogeneity among obese individuals in their risk for developing metabolic dysfunction and associated complications has been recognized for decades. At the origin of the heterogeneity idea is the acknowledgement that individuals with central obesity are more prone to developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease than those with peripheral obesity. There have been attempts to categorize subjects according to their metabolic health and degree of obesity giving rise to different obese and non-obese phenotypes that include metabolically unhealthy normal-weight (MUHNW), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Individuals belonging to the MHO phenotype are obese according to their body mass index although exhibiting fewer or none metabolic anomalies such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and/or unfavorable inflammatory and fribinolytic profiles. However, some authors claim that MHO is only transient in nature. Additionally, the phenotype categorization is controversial as it lacks standardized definitions possibly blurring the distinction between obesity phenotypes and confounding the associations with health outcomes. To add to the discussion, the factors underlying the origin or protection from metabolic deterioration and cardiometabolic risk for these subclasses are being intensely investigated and several hypotheses have been put forward. In the present review, we compare the different definitions of obesity phenotypes and present several possible factors underlying them (adipose tissue distribution and cellularity, contaminant accumulation on the adipose tissue, dysbiosis and metabolic endotoxemia imposing on to the endocannabinoid tone and inflammasome, and nutrient intake and dietary patterns) having inflammatory activation at the center.
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17
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Jin B, Lin H, Yuan J, Dong G, Huang K, Wu W, Chen X, Zhang L, Wang J, Liang X, Dai Y, Xu X, Zhou X, Zhu M, Li G, Cutfield WS, Hofman PL, Derraik JGB, Fu J. Abdominal Adiposity and Total Body Fat as Predictors of Cardiometabolic Health in Children and Adolescents With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:579. [PMID: 33013688 PMCID: PMC7498567 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to assess the role of adipose tissue distribution in cardiometabolic risk (in particular insulin sensitivity) in a population of children and adolescents with obesity. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were 479 children and adolescents with obesity (322 boys and 157 girls) aged 3 to 18 years attending the Children's Hospital at Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou, China). Clinical assessments included anthropometry, body composition (DXA scans), carotid artery ultrasounds, and OGTT. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the Matsuda index. Participants were stratified into groups by sex and pubertal stage. Key predictors were DXA-derived android-to-gynoid-fat ratio (A/G) and total body fat percentage (TBF%). Results: Irrespective of sex and pubertal stage, there was a strong association between increasing A/G (i.e., greater abdominal adiposity) and lower insulin sensitivity. In multivariable models, every 0.1 increase in A/G was associated with a reduction in insulin sensitivity in prepubertal boys [-29% (95% CI -36%, -20%); p < 0.0001], pubertal boys [-13% (95% CI -21%, -6%); p = 0.001], and pubertal girls [-16% (95% CI -24%, -6%); p = 0.002]. In contrast, TBF% was not associated with insulin sensitivity when A/G was adjusted for, irrespective of pubertal stage or sex. In addition, every 0.1 increase in A/G was associated with increased likelihood of dyslipidemia in prepubertal boys [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.62 (95% CI 1.05, 2.49)], impaired glucose tolerance in pubertal boys [aOR 1.64 (95% CI 1.07, 2.51)] and pubertal girls [aOR 1.81 (95% CI 1.10, 2.98)], and odds of NAFLD in both prepubertal [aOR 2.57 (95% CI 1.56, 4.21)] and pubertal [aOR 1.69 (95% CI 1.18, 2.40)] boys. In contrast, higher TBF% was only associated with higher fasting insulin and ALT in pubertal boys, being also predictive of NAFLD in this group [aOR 1.15 per percentage point (95% CI 1.06, 1.26)], but was not associated with the likelihood of other cardiometabolic outcomes assessed in any group. Conclusions: A/G is a much stronger independent predictor of cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with obesity in China, particularly glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghan Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinna Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanping Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangli Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuelian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wayne S. Cutfield
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start – National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul L. Hofman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - José G. B. Derraik
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start – National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: José G. B. Derraik
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Junfen Fu ;
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Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-assessed adipose tissues in metabolically unhealthy normal weight Asians. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17698. [PMID: 31776349 PMCID: PMC6881341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal body mass index (BMI) is associated with lower risk for cardiometabolic diseases. However, there is a subset of individuals with BMI in this range who present with this metabolic abnormality (called metabolically unhealthy normal weight, MUHNW). Here we aimed to assess the adipose characteristics of people with MUHNW using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This study included 3259 people with normal BMI who underwent health examinations from January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2016. Body fat percentage (%BF), android-gynoid percent fat ratio (AG ratio), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were measured simultaneously using DXA CoreScan software. Those with MUHNW comprised 12.67% of the sample. Among those with MUHNW, 71.6% of the women and 56.5% of the men showed high VAT amounts, but less than 40% of either showed high %BFs. Furthermore, considering the combined effects of fat amount and distribution, a normal BMI accompanied by high AG ratio and/or high VAT mass but low %BF presents a much higher risk for metabolic syndrome than when %BF is high, most predominantly in women. In conclusion, using DXA-measured abdominal fat, particularly VAT accumulation, is clinically more important than using %BF when assessing metabolic syndrome in those with normal BMI.
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Brahimaj A, Rivadeneira F, Muka T, Sijbrands EJG, Franco OH, Dehghan A, Kavousi M. Novel metabolic indices and incident type 2 diabetes among women and men: the Rotterdam Study. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1581-1590. [PMID: 31183505 PMCID: PMC6677703 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Both visceral and truncal fat have been associated with metabolic disturbances. We aimed to investigate the associations of several novel metabolic indices, combining anthropometric and lipid measures, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of body fat, with incident type 2 diabetes among women and men from the large population-based Rotterdam Study. METHODS Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate associations of visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), the product of triacylglycerol and glucose (TyG), their formula components and DXA measures with incident type 2 diabetes. Associations were adjusted for traditional diabetes risk factors. RESULTS Among 5576 women and 3988 men free of diabetes, 511 women and 388 men developed type 2 diabetes during a median follow-up of 6.5 years. In adjusted models, the three metabolic indices VAI (per 1 SD naturally log-transformed HR; 95% CI) (1.49; 1.36, 1.65 in women; 1.37; 1.22, 1.53 in men), LAP (1.35; 1.16, 1.56 in women; 1.19; 1.01, 1.42 in men) and TyG (1.73; 1.52, 1.98 in women; 1.43; 1.26, 1.62 in men), gynoid fat mass (0.63; 0.45, 0.89) and android to gynoid fat ratio (1.51; 1.16, 1.97) in women were associated with incident type 2 diabetes. BMI (1.45; 1.28, 1.65) was the strongest predictor of type 2 diabetes in men. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Among women, novel combined metabolic indices were stronger risk markers for type 2 diabetes than the traditional anthropometric and laboratory measures and were comparable with DXA measures. Neither combined metabolic indices nor DXA measures were superior to traditional anthropometric and lipid measures in association with type 2 diabetes among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Brahimaj
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus University Medical Center, P. O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Taulant Muka
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eric J G Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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20
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Kang EY, Yim JE. Differences in dietary intakes, body compositions, and biochemical indices between metabolically healthy and metabolically abnormal obese Korean women. Nutr Res Pract 2019; 13:488-497. [PMID: 31814924 PMCID: PMC6883231 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.6.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES There are various factors that affect metabolic abnormalities related to obesity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences in dietary intakes and body compositions of obese women according to metabolic risks and to classify them as metabolically healthy obese (MHO) or metabolically abnormal obese (MAO). SUBJECTS/METHODS This study was conducted on 59 obese Korean women aged 19 to 60 years. NCEP-ATPIII criteria were applied and the women classified as MHO (n = 45) or MAO (n = 14). Body composition of each subject was measured by using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Three-day food records were used to analyze dietary intake. Eating habits and health-related behaviors were determined through questionnaires. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure resting metabolic rate and respiratory rate. RESULTS The average age of the subjects was 43.7 years. The analysis of body composition according to phenotype revealed significantly higher body fat mass (P < 0.05), arm fat mass (P < 0.05), and android fat mass (P < 0.05), as measured by DEXA, in the MAO group than in the MHO group. There was no significant difference in the dietary intake of the two groups. However, eating behaviors differed. Compared to the MHO group, the MAO women had a shorter meal time (less than 10 minutes), a preference of oily foods, and a tendency to eat until full. Therefore, the eating habits of MHO women were more positive than those of MAO women. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that fat distribution in each body region affects various metabolic abnormalities. A high level of arm fat mass in obese Korean women may increase metabolic risk. In addition, eating habits of obese Korean women are considered to be environmental factors affecting the metabolic phenotype of obese Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yeong Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro Uichang-gu, Changwon 51140, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Yim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro Uichang-gu, Changwon 51140, Korea
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21
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Gan D, Wang L, Jia M, Ru Y, Ma Y, Zheng W, Zhao X, Yang F, Wang T, Mu Y, Zhu S. Low muscle mass and low muscle strength associate with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:1124-1130. [PMID: 31053512 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether low muscle mass and low muscle strength are independently or jointly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the associations of NAFLD with low muscle mass, low muscle strength, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity. METHODS A total of 5132 participants aged 18-80 years were recruited in this cross-sectional study. NAFLD was diagnosed using ultrasound. Muscle mass was evaluated using skeletal muscle mass index and muscle strength was evaluated using weight-adjusted hand grip strength. Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of both low muscle mass and low muscle strength. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as the presence of both sarcopenia and obesity. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the associations of NAFLD with low muscle mass, low muscle strength, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity. RESULTS Low muscle mass and low muscle strength were positively and independently associated with NAFLD (mass: odds ratio [OR], 2.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.03-3.25; strength: OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.21-1.80). Compared with low muscle mass or low muscle strength alone, sarcopenia was associated with a higher risk of NAFLD (OR, 3.91; 95% CI, 2.90-5.28). Whether obesity was defined by body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC), sarcopenic obesity was associated with a higher risk of NAFLD (BMI: OR, 10.42; 95% CI, 7.14-15.22; WC: OR, 11.64; 95% CI, 8.22-16.48) than sarcopenia or obesity alone. CONCLUSIONS Low muscle mass and low muscle strength were positively and independently associated with NAFLD. When both were presented in the sarcopenic state, the risk of NAFLD was higher, and a concurrence of sarcopenia and obesity showed the highest risk of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Gan
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Menghan Jia
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Ru
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyun Ma
- English Department, School of Humanities, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xueyin Zhao
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianru Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yun Mu
- Echocardiography and Vascular Ultrasound Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shankuan Zhu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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22
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Henderson M, Van Hulst A, von Oettingen JE, Benedetti A, Paradis G. Normal weight metabolically unhealthy phenotype in youth: Do definitions matter? Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:143-151. [PMID: 30294842 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal weight metabolically unhealthy (NWMU) adults are at increased risk of cardiometabolic disease, however, little is known regarding NWMU children. OBJECTIVES We examined the associations between existing definitions of NWMU in children aged 8 to 10 years and insulin sensitivity (IS) and secretion 2 years later. METHODS Data stem from the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY) cohort of 630 Caucasian youth, 8 to 10 years old at baseline, with at least one obese biological parent. Of these, 322 normal weight children were classified as NWMU using four definitions. At 10 to 12 years, IS was measured with the Matsuda-insulin sensitivity index; insulin secretion was measured with the ratio of the area under the curve (AUC) of insulin to the AUC of glucose over a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Multiple linear regression models were used. RESULTS Because few children met the existing definitions of metabolic syndrome, associations were examined for less stringent definitions (eg, having two vs no risk factors). At baseline, IS was lower in NWMU children compared to children with no risk factors (virtually all definitions). Moreover, after 2 years, IS was 14.4-19.3% lower in NWMU children with one or more risk factors, and up to 29.7% lower in those with two or more risk factors compared to those with none. Insulin secretion was not predicted by components of the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Existing definitions of NWMU youth performed relatively similarly in predicting IS as youth entered puberty. Children with one or more components of metabolic syndrome-even when of normal weight-have significantly lower IS over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Henderson
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andraea Van Hulst
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julia E von Oettingen
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gilles Paradis
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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23
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Han S, Gan D, Wang G, Ru Y, Huang C, Lin J, Zhang L, Meng Z, Zhu S. Associations of Platelet Indices with Body Fat Mass and Fat Distribution. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1637-1643. [PMID: 30260089 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to investigate the associations of platelet indices with body fat, including body fat mass and fat distribution. METHODS A total of 3,327 individuals aged 18 to 80 were enrolled. Body fat was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Blood samples were collected to measure platelet indices (platelet count [PLT], plateletcrit [PCT], mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and platelet large cell ratio). Adjusted multivariate linear regression models were used to identify the associations of platelet indices with body fat. RESULTS PLT was positively associated with BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, total fat mass percentage, trunk fat mass percentage, android fat mass percentage, and android to gynoid fat ratio but negatively associated with gynoid fat mass percentage, total lean mass percentage, and skeletal muscle mass index. Similar associations were found between PCT and body fat. However, no significant associations were found between the other three platelet indices and body fat. CONCLUSIONS Both PLT and PCT were associated with body fat, and the associations depended on fat location. Because PCT is mainly influenced by PLT, these associations suggest that platelet quantity is more closely related to body fat mass and fat distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Da Gan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Ru
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Lanxi Municipal Bureau of Health, Lanxi, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuoxian Meng
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shankuan Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Bi X, Loo YT, Henry CJ. Android fat as a determinant of metabolic syndrome: Sex differences. Nutrition 2018; 57:127-132. [PMID: 30172994 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Regional fat accumulation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases, yet the results are controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between regional fat accumulation and MetS as well as the underlying mechanism in Chinese adults. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 428 Chinese adults (166 men and 262 women). Android and gynoid fat percentage (AFP and GFP) were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fasting lipid parameters were analyzed by chemistry analyzer COBAS. RESULTS Forty-six (28%) men and 34 (13%) women had MetS according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Panel Adult Treatment Panel III definition for South Asia. AFP was strongly correlated with more metabolic risk factors than GFP in men. In women, AFP and GFP showed significant opposite effects on triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and waist circumference. On multivariate regression, AFP was an independent determinant of MetS in men after adjustment for confounding factors. For women, both AFP and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were predictors for MetS. CONCLUSIONS Increased android fat may play a direct role in the development of MetS in Chinese adults. However, the associations between android fat, insulin resistance, and MetS are sex-dependent. This is probably due to different effects of sex hormones on adipose tissue or by genetic factors between sexes. Knowing the sex differences in developing MetS may help design sex-specific preventive strategies that will benefit the overall population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Bi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), and National University Health System Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Ting Loo
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), and National University Health System Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), and National University Health System Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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25
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Fukuda T, Bouchi R, Takeuchi T, Tsujimoto K, Minami I, Yoshimoto T, Ogawa Y. Sarcopenic obesity assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can predict cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective observational study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:55. [PMID: 29636045 PMCID: PMC5891961 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenic obesity, defined as reduced skeletal muscle mass and power with increased adiposity, was reported to be associated with cardiovascular disease risks in previous cross-sectional studies. Whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can simultaneously evaluate both fat and muscle mass, therefore, whole body DXA may be suitable for the diagnosis of sarcopenic obesity. However, little is known regarding whether sarcopenic obesity determined using whole body DXA could predict incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of sarcopenic obesity on incident CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 716 Japanese patients (mean age 65 ± 13 years; 47.0% female) were enrolled. Android fat mass (kg), gynoid fat mass (kg), and skeletal muscle index (SMI) calculated as appendicular non-fat mass (kg) divided by height squared (m2), were measured using whole body DXA. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as the coexistence of low SMI and obesity determined by four patterns of obesity as follows: android to gynoid ratio (A/G ratio), android fat mass or percentage of body fat (%BF) was higher than the sex-specific median, or body mass index (BMI) was equal to or greater than 25 kg/m2. The study endpoint was the first occurrence or recurrence of CVD. Results Over a median follow up of 2.6 years (IQR 2.1–3.2 years), 53 patients reached the endpoint. Sarcopenic obesity was significantly associated with incident CVD even after adjustment for the confounding variables, when using A/G ratio [hazard ratio (HR) 2.63, 95% CI 1.10–6.28, p = 0.030] and android fat mass (HR 2.57, 95% CI 1.01–6.54, p = 0.048) to define obesity, but not %BF (HR 1.67, 95% CI 0.69–4.02, p = 0.252), and BMI (HR 1.55, 95% CI 0.44–5.49, p = 0.496). Conclusions The present data suggest that the whole body DXA is valuable in the diagnosis of sarcopenic obesity (high A/G ratio or android fat mass with low SMI) to determine the risk of CVD events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Meanwhile, sarcopenic obesity classified with low SMI, and high %BF or BMI was not associated with incident CVD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-018-0700-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Fukuda
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Bouchi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan. .,Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takato Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Tsujimoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Isao Minami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yoshimoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Seyed-Sadjadi N, Berg J, Bilgin AA, Grant R. Visceral fat mass: is it the link between uric acid and diabetes risk? Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:142. [PMID: 28738905 PMCID: PMC5525310 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uric acid (UA) has been suggested as a novel risk factor for diabetes. However, its definite role in this prevalent disease is still the subject of much discussion because it is always accompanied with other major risk factors such as obesity and high visceral adiposity. In order to clarify the role of UA in diabetes, this study aimed to investigate the associations between plasma UA and fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile and inflammatory markers after accounting for the contribution of other diabetes risk factors such as BMI and VAT fat mass. METHODS In the present cross-sectional study, 100 non-diabetic middle-aged males (n = 48) and females (n = 52) were recruited. Central fat distribution measures including android to gynoid fat ratio, VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) fat mass were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Biochemical analysis was done using methods well established for clinical and research laboratories. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to analyse the association between plasma UA and the biochemical and central fat distribution measures. RESULTS UA was positivly associated with body mass index (BMI) (r (98) = 0.42, P ≤ 0.001), android to gynoid fat ratio (r (98) = 0.62, P ≤ 0.001) and VAT fat mass (r (96) = 0.55, P ≤ 0.001). UA was also positively associated with plasma glucose (r (98) = 0.33, P ≤ 0.001), hemoglobin A1c (r (93) = 0.25, P = 0.014), plasma triglyceride (r s (95) = 0.40, P ≤ 0.001), HDL cholesterol (r (98) = - 0.61, P ≤ 0.001) and CRP (r s (98) = 0.23, P = 0.026). However, these associations were no longer significant after accounting for BMI or/and VAT fat mass. No significant association was observed between UA and SAT fat mass (r (97) = 0.02, P ≥ 0.05), Total cholesterol (r (98) = 0.03, P ≥ 0.05), LDL cholesterol (r (98) = 0.13, P ≥ 0.05), TNF-α (r (97) = 0.12, P ≥ 0.05) and IL-6 (r (96) = -0.02, P ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSION Results from this study suggest, for the first time, that the association between plasma UA and glucose in a non-diabetic population is not direct but rather dependent on VAT fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Seyed-Sadjadi
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jade Berg
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, 185 Fox Valley Road, Wahroonga, Sydney, NSW, 2076, Australia
| | - Ayse A Bilgin
- Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ross Grant
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, 185 Fox Valley Road, Wahroonga, Sydney, NSW, 2076, Australia. .,Sydney Adventist Hospital Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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27
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Guo H, Zhang L, Zhu C, Yang F, Wang S, Zhu S, Ma X. A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the FADS1 Gene is Associated with Plasma Fatty Acid and Lipid Profiles and Might Explain Gender Difference in Body Fat Distribution. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:67. [PMID: 28359317 PMCID: PMC5374576 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genotyping of the rs174547 polymorphism in the fatty acid desaturase 1 gene (FADS1) shows that it is associated with the FA composition of plasma phospholipids and lipid metabolic indices among several ethnic groups. However, this association requires further confirmation in the Chinese population, and little is known about the effect of polymorphisms in fatty acid-related genes on body fat distribution. Methods Anthropometric measurements of 951 Chinese adults aged 18–79 were obtained and body fat distribution was estimated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The FA composition of plasma phospholipids was measured by gas chromatography. Multiple linear regression assessed whether the rs174547 genotype was associated with FA composition, body fat distribution, and metabolic traits in additive, dominant, and recessive models. Results The rs174547 C minor allele was associated with a higher proportion of linoleic acid, lower arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, as well as lower delta-6-desaturase and delta-5-desaturase activity. Female C allele carriers had lower android fat percentages and lower levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, while male C allele carriers had lower gynoid fat percentages and higher triglyceride after adjusting for age, income, BMI, behavioral risk factors, and regional fat percentages. Conclusion An association of FADS1 rs174547 with the FA composition of plasma phospholipids was identified among this Chinese adult population. The association with body fat distribution and lipid metabolic indices differed between men and women, which might explain sexual differences in body fat distribution and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Chaonan Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Public Health, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shankuan Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoguang Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China. .,Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-hang-tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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28
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Okosun IS, Seale JP, Lyn R. Commingling effect of gynoid and android fat patterns on cardiometabolic dysregulation in normal weight American adults. Nutr Diabetes 2015; 5:e155. [PMID: 25985091 PMCID: PMC4450460 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2015.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the independent and commingling effect of android and gynoid percent fat (measured using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry) on cardiometabolic dysregulation in normal weight American adults. METHODS The 2005-2006 data (n=1802) from the United States National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES) were used in this study. Associations of android percent fat, gynoid percent fat and their joint occurrence with risks of cardiometabolic risk factors were estimated using prevalence odds ratios from logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Android-gynoid percent fat ratio was more highly correlated with cardiometabolic dysregulation than android percent fat, gynoid percent fat or body mass index. Commingling of android and gynoid adiposities was associated with much greater odds of cardiometabolic risk factors than either android or gynoid adiposities. Commingling of android and gynoid adiposities was associated with 1.75 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.42-2.93), 1.48 (95% CI=1.32-1.91), 1.61 (95% CI=1.50-1.89), 3.56 (95% CI=2.91-4.11) and 1.86 (95% CI=1.49-1.96) increased odds of elevated glucose, elevated blood pressure, elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, elevated triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Normal weight subjects who present with both android and gynoid adiposities should be advised of the associated health risks. Both android and gynoid fat accumulations should be considered in developing public health strategies for reducing cardiometabolic disease risk in normal weight subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Okosun
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Suite 662B/715—One Park Place, PO Box 3984, Atlanta, GA 30302-3984, USA. E-mail:
| | - J P Seale
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical Center of Central Georgia and Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
| | - R Lyn
- Division of Health Management & Policy, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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29
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Lee JJ, Freeland-Graves JH, Pepper MR, Stanforth PR, Xu B. Prediction of Android and Gynoid Body Adiposity via a Three-dimensional Stereovision Body Imaging System and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 34:367-77. [PMID: 25915106 PMCID: PMC5690984 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2014.966396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current methods for measuring regional body fat are expensive and inconvenient compared to the relative cost-effectiveness and ease of use of a stereovision body imaging (SBI) system. The primary goal of this research is to develop prediction models for android and gynoid fat by body measurements assessed via SBI and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Subsequently, mathematical equations for prediction of total and regional (trunk, leg) body adiposity were established via parameters measured by SBI and DXA. METHODS A total of 121 participants were randomly assigned into primary and cross-validation groups. Body measurements were obtained via traditional anthropometrics, SBI, and DXA. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to develop mathematical equations by demographics and SBI assessed body measurements as independent variables and body adiposity (fat mass and percentage fat) as dependent variables. The validity of the prediction models was evaluated by a split sample method and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS The R(2) of the prediction equations for fat mass and percentage body fat were 93.2% and 76.4% for android and 91.4% and 66.5% for gynoid, respectively. The limits of agreement for the fat mass and percentage fat were -0.06 ± 0.87 kg and -0.11% ± 1.97% for android and -0.04 ± 1.58 kg and -0.19% ± 4.27% for gynoid. Prediction values for fat mass and percentage fat were 94.6% and 88.9% for total body, 93.9% and 71.0% for trunk, and 92.4% and 64.1% for leg, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The three-dimensional (3D) SBI produces reliable parameters that can predict android and gynoid as well as total and regional (trunk, leg) fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane J. Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas
| | | | - M. Reese Pepper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas
| | - Philip R. Stanforth
- Department of Kinesiology and Healthy Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas
| | - Bugao Xu
- School of Human Ecology, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas
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30
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Samsell L, Regier M, Walton C, Cottrell L. Importance of android/gynoid fat ratio in predicting metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk in normal weight as well as overweight and obese children. J Obes 2014; 2014:846578. [PMID: 25302115 PMCID: PMC4181515 DOI: 10.1155/2014/846578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that android or truncal obesity is associated with a risk for metabolic and cardiovascular disease, yet there is evidence that gynoid fat distribution may be protective. However, these studies have focused on adults and obese children. The purpose of our study was to determine if the android/gynoid fat ratio is positively correlated with insulin resistance, HOMA2-IR, and dislipidemia in a child sample of varying body sizes. In 7-13-year-old children with BMI percentiles ranging from 0.1 to 99.6, the android/gynoid ratio was closely associated with insulin resistance and combined LDL + VLDL-cholesterol. When separated by sex, it became clear that these relationships were stronger in boys than in girls. Subjects were stratified into BMI percentile based tertiles. For boys, the android/gynoid ratio was significantly related to insulin resistance regardless of BMI tertile with and LDL + VLDL in tertiles 1 and 3. For girls, only LDL + VLDL showed any significance with android/gynoid ratio and only in tertile 2. We conclude that the android/gynoid fat ratio is closely associated with insulin resistance and LDL + VLDL-, "bad," cholesterol in normal weight boys and may provide a measurement of metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk in that population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennie Samsell
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 9214, USA
| | - Michael Regier
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 6057, USA
| | - Cheryl Walton
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 9214, USA
| | - Lesley Cottrell
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 9214, USA
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