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Malak N, Niaz S, Miranda-Miranda E, Cossío-Bayúgar R, Duque JE, Amaro-Estrada I, Nasreen N, Khan A, Kulisz J, Zając Z. Current perspectives and difficulties in the design of acaricides and repellents from plant-derived compounds for tick control. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024; 93:1-16. [PMID: 38491268 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne diseases have gained increasing attention in recent years due to their impact on public health and significant losses in livestock production. The use of synthetic compounds for tick control is becoming problematic, mainly due to the resistance to commercially available products as well as their toxicity. Therefore, new alternative control methods are required. For this purpose, plant-derived extracts may be considered as effective repellents and/or acaricides. The present literature review focuses on studies evaluating the acaricidal and repellent activity of plant-derived extracts and plant secondary metabolites. We also noted recent advances in protein-ligand-docking simulation to examine the possible toxic effect of natural chemical compounds on ticks. In conclusion, plant-derived repellents/acaricides can be effective against ticks, especially in rural areas and livestock farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Malak
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Toru Road, Sheikh Maltoon Town, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Niaz
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Toru Road, Sheikh Maltoon Town, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Estefan Miranda-Miranda
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla No.8534, Jiutepec, 62550, México, Morelos
| | - Raquel Cossío-Bayúgar
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla No.8534, Jiutepec, 62550, México, Morelos
| | - Jonny Edward Duque
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - CINTROP, Facultad de Salud. Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Guatiguará Technology and Research Park, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Km 2 Vía El Refugio, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia
| | - Itzel Amaro-Estrada
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla No.8534, Jiutepec, 62550, México, Morelos
| | - Nasreen Nasreen
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Toru Road, Sheikh Maltoon Town, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Adil Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Toru Road, Sheikh Maltoon Town, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Joanna Kulisz
- Department of Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11st, Lublin, 20-080, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Zając
- Department of Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11st, Lublin, 20-080, Poland.
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Gama GSP, Pimenta AS, Feijó FMC, de Azevedo TKB, de Melo RR, de Andrade GS. The Potential of Wood Vinegar to Replace Antimicrobials Used in Animal Husbandry-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:381. [PMID: 38338024 PMCID: PMC10854697 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in animal husbandry can result in various types of environmental contamination. Part of the dose of these products is excreted, still active, in the animals' feces and urine. These excreta are widely used as organic fertilizers, which results in contamination with antimicrobial molecules. The impacts can occur in several compartments, such as soil, groundwater, and surface watercourses. Also, contamination by antimicrobials fed or administrated to pigs, chickens, and cattle can reach the meat, milk, and other animal products, which calls into question the sustainability of using these products as part of eco-friendly practices. Therefore, a search for alternative natural products is required to replace the conventional antimicrobials currently used in animal husbandry, aiming to mitigate environmental contamination. We thus carried out a review addressing this issue, highlighting wood vinegar (WV), also known as pyroligneous acid, as an alternative antimicrobial with good potential to replace conventional products. In this regard, many studies have demonstrated that WV is a promising product. WV is a nontoxic additive widely employed in the food industry to impart a smoked flavor to foods. Studies have shown that, depending on the WV concentration, good results can be achieved using it as an antimicrobial against pathogenic bacteria and fungi and a valuable growth promoter for poultry and pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Sander Próspero Gama
- Graduate Program in Forest Sciences, Forest Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rodovia RN 160, km 03 s/n, Distrito de Jundiaí, Macaíba CEP 59.280-000, Brazil; (G.S.P.G.); (A.S.P.); (T.K.B.d.A.); (G.S.d.A.)
| | - Alexandre Santos Pimenta
- Graduate Program in Forest Sciences, Forest Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rodovia RN 160, km 03 s/n, Distrito de Jundiaí, Macaíba CEP 59.280-000, Brazil; (G.S.P.G.); (A.S.P.); (T.K.B.d.A.); (G.S.d.A.)
| | - Francisco Marlon Carneiro Feijó
- Graduate Program in Environment, Technology, and Society—PPGATS, Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Laboratory of Wood Technology, Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido—UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572—Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró CEP 59.625-900, Brazil;
| | - Tatiane Kelly Barbosa de Azevedo
- Graduate Program in Forest Sciences, Forest Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rodovia RN 160, km 03 s/n, Distrito de Jundiaí, Macaíba CEP 59.280-000, Brazil; (G.S.P.G.); (A.S.P.); (T.K.B.d.A.); (G.S.d.A.)
| | - Rafael Rodolfo de Melo
- Graduate Program in Environment, Technology, and Society—PPGATS, Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Laboratory of Wood Technology, Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido—UFERSA, Av. Francisco Mota, 572—Bairro Costa e Silva, Mossoró CEP 59.625-900, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel Siqueira de Andrade
- Graduate Program in Forest Sciences, Forest Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rodovia RN 160, km 03 s/n, Distrito de Jundiaí, Macaíba CEP 59.280-000, Brazil; (G.S.P.G.); (A.S.P.); (T.K.B.d.A.); (G.S.d.A.)
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3
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Schopf MF, Pierezan MD, Rocha R, Pimentel TC, Esmerino EA, Marsico ET, De Dea Lindner J, Cruz AGD, Verruck S. Pesticide residues in milk and dairy products: An overview of processing degradation and trends in mitigating approaches. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12610-12624. [PMID: 35876099 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2103642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Milk and dairy products present considerable socioeconomic importance but are also a regular pesticide residue contamination source, which is considered a worldwide public health concern and a major international trade issue. Thus, a literature review was conducted to assess pesticide residue levels in milk and dairy products, as well as the residue degradation capacity during its processing. Organochlorine, organophosphate, synthetic pyrethroid and/or triazine were found in fluid milk, powder products, yogurts, cheese, butter, and sour cream. Thermal processing reduced most residue levels, although some treatments increased total hexachlorocyclohexane and its isomers (α-, γ-, δ-, and β-). Emerging non-thermal treatments presented promising results, but some by-products had higher toxicity than their precursors. Biodegradation by lactic acid bacteria were effective during yogurt and cheese fermentation. However, β-hexachlorocyclohexane level seems to increase in yogurts containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, while increase or maintenance of pesticide residue concentration was observed during coagulation and cheese maturation. Deep research is needed to understand the isomerization and degradation mechanisms after thermal, non-thermal, and fermentation processing. Emerging heat technology can be an excellent topic to be investigated for pesticide residues degradation in the future. These mitigation approaches can be a feasible future alternative to milk and dairy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fiorin Schopf
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Milena Dutra Pierezan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ramon Rocha
- Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Erick Almeida Esmerino
- Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano De Dea Lindner
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Adriano Gomes da Cruz
- Food Department, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology from Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvani Verruck
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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4
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Wittwer AE, Lee SG, Ranadheera CS. Potential associations between organic dairy products, gut microbiome, and gut health: A review. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113195. [PMID: 37689944 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic products have received longstanding, widespread attention for their nutritional and ecological benefits, as they are said to have certain positive health attributes and contain fewer harmful compounds than conventional (or non-organic) products. We reviewed the recent literature to examine potential associations between nutrient composition, gut microbiota, and gut health effects in recent comparative studies of organic and conventional dairy products. Trends of increased ratios of omega-3 to omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and unsaturated to saturated fat, increased fat-soluble vitamin content, and decreased levels of certain pernicious contaminants in organic milk were observed across the studies reviewed. Studies of the metabolism of these nutrients in both in vitro and in vivo settings, and their or their metabolites' interaction with the intestinal epithelium show that nutrients enriched in organic dairy products may support host nutrient uptake and mediate gut inflammation. Research on the effects of single food products or classes of food products on gut health is rare. The extent of these benefits is highly likely to be mediated by both the magnitude of the difference in nutrient types and quantities, and by dietary intake levels of dairy products. Intervention studies directly examining the different effects of organic and conventional dairy products on gut health in humans are needed to further elucidate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Elizabeth Wittwer
- School of Agriculture, Food & Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Simon Gardner Lee
- School of Agriculture, Food & Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Chaminda Senaka Ranadheera
- School of Agriculture, Food & Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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5
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Bekele H, Yohannes W, Megersa N. A Highly Selective Analytical Method Based on Salt-Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction for Trace-Level Enrichment of Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Cow Milk for Quantitative Liquid Chromatographic Analysis. Int J Anal Chem 2023; 2023:1754956. [PMID: 37810912 PMCID: PMC10558272 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1754956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a simple, inexpensive, selective, and fast salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) technique coupled with high-pressure liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was developed for the extraction, preconcentration, and analysis of trace level seven multiclass pesticide residues in pasteurized and raw cow milk samples. The significant factors that affect the extent to which the target analytes are extracted, such as the type of extraction solvent and its volume, the type and concentration of salting-out salts, the pH of the solution, and the extraction time, have been investigated. Under optimum conditions, the correlation coefficient (r2) was obtained within a range of 0.9982-0.9997 for a broad linear range concentration of 2-1500 ng·mL-1. Reliable sensitivity was achieved with limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) ranging from 0.58-2.56 ng·mL-1 and 1.95-8.51 ng·mL-1, respectively. While precision with interday and intraday in terms of relative standard deviations (RSDs) was observed in the range of 1.97 - 7.88% and 4.52 - 8.04%, respectively. The results of the precision studies reveal that good repeatability and reproducibility (RSDs <9) were achieved, thus showing a low variability extraction of the developed method. Finally, the proposed and validated approach was effectively used to extract and determine pesticide residues in real milk matrices; however, the target analytes were not detected in all samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Bekele
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Weldegebriel Yohannes
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Negussie Megersa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Ramsing R, Santo R, Kim BF, Altema-Johnson D, Wooden A, Chang KB, Semba RD, Love DC. Dairy and Plant-Based Milks: Implications for Nutrition and Planetary Health. Curr Environ Health Rep 2023; 10:291-302. [PMID: 37300651 PMCID: PMC10504201 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dairy milk products are dominant in the market; however, plant-based milks are gaining prominence among USA consumers. Many questions remain about how plant-based milk products compare to dairy milk from a nutrition, public health, and planetary health perspective. Here, we compare the retail sales, nutrient profiles, and known health and environmental impacts of the production and consumption of dairy and plant-based milks and identify knowledge gaps for future studies. For our plant-based milk comparisons, we reviewed almond, soy, oat, coconut, rice, pea, cashew, and other plant-based milks as data were available. RECENT FINDINGS The retail unit price of plant-based milks was generally higher than that of cow's milk, making it less accessible to lower-income groups. Many plant-based milks are fortified to match the micronutrient profile of dairy milk more closely. Notable differences remained, especially in protein, zinc, and potassium, depending on the base ingredient and individual product. Some plant-based milks contain added sugar to improve flavor. Plant-based milks were generally associated with lower environmental impacts (e.g., greenhouse gas emissions, water use) than cow's milk, with the notable exception of the higher water footprint of almond milk. This review of recent studies and consumer purchases confirmed that retail sales of plant-based milks are increasing and shifting among products. Further research is needed to better characterize the environmental impacts of newer plant-based milks, such as cashew, hemp, and pea milks; consumer attitudes and behavior towards plant-based milks; and the safety and potential health effects related to their long-term and more frequent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ramsing
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Raychel Santo
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brent F Kim
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daphene Altema-Johnson
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alyssa Wooden
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenjin B Chang
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Human Centered Design, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Richard D Semba
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David C Love
- Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Grodkowski G, Gołębiewski M, Slósarz J, Grodkowska K, Kostusiak P, Sakowski T, Puppel K. Organic Milk Production and Dairy Farming Constraints and Prospects under the Laws of the European Union. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1457. [PMID: 37174494 PMCID: PMC10177354 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been rapid development in organic farming. When choosing organic livestock products, consumers are guided by the conviction that animals are provided with the highest welfare standards and access to pasture. The purpose of this article was to trace the principles of organic farming prevailing in the EU with regard to milk production and cattle breeding. The principles of organic production are universal and their application is not limited to certified farms. Organic certification is intended to assure the consumer of the quality and method of production. Due to additional requirements imposed by law, organic cows are usually kept in better welfare conditions compared to conventional cattle, but this is not the rule. The altered taste and texture of organic milk and its products compared to conventional products mainly depends on the presence of pasture greens in the cows' diet. Therefore, milk from conventionally kept, pasture-grazed cows may have similar characteristics and composition. Organic farms tend to have lower milk yields compared to conventional farms due to the lower consumption of concentrate feed. In the future, it is expected that the proportion of land that is unsuitable for the production of crops for human consumption will increasingly be used for cow grazing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Grodkowski
- Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (G.G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Marcin Gołębiewski
- Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (G.G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Jan Slósarz
- Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (G.G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Kinga Grodkowska
- Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (G.G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Piotr Kostusiak
- Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (G.G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Tomasz Sakowski
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Jastrzębiec, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Kamila Puppel
- Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (G.G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (K.G.); (P.K.)
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Melnik BC, John SM, Carrera-Bastos P, Cordain L, Leitzmann C, Weiskirchen R, Schmitz G. The Role of Cow's Milk Consumption in Breast Cancer Initiation and Progression. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:122-140. [PMID: 36729355 PMCID: PMC9974716 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review evaluates cow milk's impact on breast carcinogenesis by linking recent epidemiological evidence and new insights into the molecular signaling of milk and its constituents in breast cancer (BCa) pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent prospective cohort studies support the association between cow's milk consumption and the risk of estrogen receptor-α-positive (ER+) BCa. Milk is a complex biological fluid that increases systemic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin and estrogen signaling, and interacting hormonal promoters of BCa. Further potential oncogenic components of commercial milk include exosomal microRNAs (miR-148a-3p, miR-21-5p), bovine meat and milk factors, aflatoxin M1, bisphenol A, pesticides, and micro- and nanoplastics. Individuals with BRCA1 loss-of-function mutations and FTO and IGF1 gain-of-function polymorphisms enhancing IGF-1/mTORC1 signaling may be at increased risk for milk-induced ER+ BCa. Recent prospective epidemiological and pathobiochemical studies identify commercial milk consumption as a critical risk factor of ER+ BCa. Large meta-analyses gathering individuals of different ethnic origins with milk derived from dairy cows of varying genetic backgrounds and diverse feeding procedures as well as missing data on thermal processing of milk (pasteurization versus ultra-heat treatment) make multi-national meta-analyses unsuitable for BCa risk estimations in susceptible populations. Future studies are required that consider all vulnerable periods of breast carcinogenesis to cow's milk exposure, beginning during the perinatal period and puberty, since these are the most critical periods of mammary gland morphogenesis. Notwithstanding the need for better studies including detailed information on milk processing and vulnerable periods of human breast carcinogenesis, the available evidence suggests that dietary guidelines on milk consumption may have to be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Swen Malte John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076, Osnabrück, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Lower-Saxonian Institute of Occupational Dermatology (NIB), Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Nutrición (CEAN), 11007, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Claus Leitzmann
- Institute of Nutrition, University of Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
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González JJP, Romero MGO, Bermúdez BS, Rojas JLR, Vázquez CCR, Frechero NM, Tolentino RG. Triacylglycerides and Cholesterol in Organic Milk from Chiapas, Mexico. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1292. [PMID: 35625137 PMCID: PMC9137494 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of milk fat composition is a priority topic at the international level; however, there are few studies on the composition of triacylglycerides (TAG) and sterols in cow’s milk produced in organic production systems. The objective of this study was to determine the profile of TAG, cholesterol, and other sterols in the fat of raw cow’s milk produced under organic conditions in the municipality of Tecpatán, Chiapas. Every month for one year, milk samples were obtained from three production units (PU 1, 2 and 3) and from the collecting tank (CT) of the municipality (12 months × 4 = 48 samples), in accordance with Mexican regulations. Milk fat was extracted by detergent solution and TAG and sterol analyses were performed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector and capillary columns. Chromatographic analyses identified and quantified 15 TAG in all milk fats, from C26 to C54, with a bimodal behavior; the maximum value (% w/w) for the first mode was located at C38 (14.48) and, for the second mode, C50 and C52 were considered with values of 11.55 and 11.60, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test only yielded significance (p < 0.05) for C26; most TAG values over time showed homogeneous variability. Cholesterol, brassicasterol, and campesterol were also determined; ANOVA did not show statistical significance (p ≥ 0.05) between them in the production units and collecting tank. Cholesterol had the highest percentage of the sterols with a mean value of 96.41%. The TAG and cholesterol profiles found in this study were similar to those reported in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Jesús Pérez González
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.J.P.G.); (B.S.B.); (C.C.R.V.); (N.M.F.)
| | | | - Beatriz Schettino Bermúdez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.J.P.G.); (B.S.B.); (C.C.R.V.); (N.M.F.)
| | - Jorge Luis Ruíz Rojas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29060, Mexico;
| | - Claudia Cecilia Radilla Vázquez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.J.P.G.); (B.S.B.); (C.C.R.V.); (N.M.F.)
| | - Nelly Molina Frechero
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.J.P.G.); (B.S.B.); (C.C.R.V.); (N.M.F.)
| | - Rey Gutiérrez Tolentino
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.J.P.G.); (B.S.B.); (C.C.R.V.); (N.M.F.)
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10
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Development and single laboratory validation of a targeted liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry-based method for the determination of insulin like growth factor-1 in different types of milk samples. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100271. [PMID: 35499009 PMCID: PMC9040010 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was estimated in different cow milk samples. In house validation of a LC-MS/MS IGF-1 investigation method in milks obtained by different technological treatments. Development of a sample treatment for the extraction of IGF-1 from different types of cow milk. IGF-1 level in cow’s milk was not dependent form milk technological processing.
A simple and reliable targeted liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated through the selection of two biomarker peptides for the identification and determination of bovine insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in milk samples. Two urea-based sample extraction procedures were tested. The validation results provided detection limits at the 1–5 ng IGF-1/mL level as a function of the milk matrix, precision ranged from 3 to 8% and the method accuracy in the different milk matrices was assured. Finally, IGF-1 was measured in milk samples obtained by treatment with eleven different technological processes: IGF-1 concentrations were spread over a wide range from 11.2 ± 0.3 ng/mL to 346 ± 8 ng/mL with a median of 57.0 ± 0.2 ng/mL. The highest amount of IGF-1 was found in fresh whole milk samples and no significant correlation was found between the total milk protein content and the IGF-1 concentration level.
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11
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Calahorrano-Moreno MB, Ordoñez-Bailon JJ, Baquerizo-Crespo RJ, Dueñas-Rivadeneira AA, B. S. M. Montenegro MC, Rodríguez-Díaz JM. Contaminants in the cow's milk we consume? Pasteurization and other technologies in the elimination of contaminants. F1000Res 2022; 11:91. [PMID: 35186276 PMCID: PMC8822143 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.108779.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk is currently the most consumed product worldwide. However, due to various direct and indirect contamination sources, different chemical and microbiological contaminants have been found in cow's milk. This review details the main contaminants found in cow's milk, referring to the sources of contamination and their impact on human health. A comparative approach highlights the poor efficacy and effects of the pasteurization process with other methods used in the treatment of cow's milk. Despite pasteurization and related techniques being the most widely applied to date, they have not demonstrated efficacy in eliminating contaminants. New technologies have appeared as alternative treatments to pasteurization. However, in addition to causing physicochemical changes in the raw material, their efficacy is not total in eliminating chemical contaminants, suggesting the need for new research to find a solution that contributes to improving food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Belen Calahorrano-Moreno
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, 130104, Ecuador
| | - Jonathan Jerry Ordoñez-Bailon
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, 130104, Ecuador
| | - Ricardo José Baquerizo-Crespo
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, 130104, Ecuador
| | - Alex Alberto Dueñas-Rivadeneira
- Departamento de Procesos Agroindustriales, Facultad de Ciencias Zootécnicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, 130104, Ecuador
| | | | - Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, 130104, Ecuador
- Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, 130104, Ecuador
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12
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Raux A, Bichon E, Benedetto A, Pezzolato M, Bozzetta E, Le Bizec B, Dervilly G. The Promise and Challenges of Determining Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone in Milk. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030274. [PMID: 35159426 PMCID: PMC8834339 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbGH) is produced in large quantities and widely used in a number of countries worldwide to stimulate milk production in dairy animals. The use of this compound in animal production is strictly regulated by food safety directives in force, in particular in the European Union (EU). Although analytical strategies for the detection of rbGH in blood have been successfully reported over the past 15 years, they do not fully answer the expectations of either competent authorities or industrials that would expect measuring its occurrence directly in the milk. As a matrix of excretion but also of consumption, milk appears indeed as the matrix of choice for detecting the use of rbGH in dairy animals. It also allows large volumes to be collected without presenting an invasive character for the animal. However, rbGH detection in milk presents several challenges, mainly related to the sensitivity required for its detection in a complex biological matrix. This review article presents the specific difficulties associated with milk and provides an overview of the analytical strategies reported in the literature and whether they concern indirect or direct approaches to the detection of rbGH administration to animals, with applications either for screening or confirmation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Raux
- Oniris, INRAE, LABERCA, 44300 Nantes, France; (A.R.); (E.B.); (B.L.B.)
| | - Emmanuelle Bichon
- Oniris, INRAE, LABERCA, 44300 Nantes, France; (A.R.); (E.B.); (B.L.B.)
| | - Alessandro Benedetto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Oniris, INRAE, LABERCA, 44300 Nantes, France; (A.R.); (E.B.); (B.L.B.)
| | - Gaud Dervilly
- Oniris, INRAE, LABERCA, 44300 Nantes, France; (A.R.); (E.B.); (B.L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-40-68-78-80
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13
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Lowe CN, Phillips KA, Favela KA, Yau AY, Wambaugh JF, Sobus JR, Williams AJ, Pfirrman AJ, Isaacs KK. Chemical Characterization of Recycled Consumer Products Using Suspect Screening Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11375-11387. [PMID: 34347456 PMCID: PMC8475772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recycled materials are found in many consumer products as part of a circular economy; however, the chemical content of recycled products is generally uncharacterized. A suspect screening analysis using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) was applied to 210 products (154 recycled, 56 virgin) across seven categories. Chemicals in products were tentatively identified using a standard spectral library or confirmed using chemical standards. A total of 918 probable chemical structures identified (112 of which were confirmed) in recycled materials versus 587 (110 confirmed) in virgin materials. Identified chemicals were characterized in terms of their functional use and structural class. Recycled paper products and construction materials contained greater numbers of chemicals than virgin products; 733 identified chemicals had greater occurrence in recycled compared to virgin materials. Products made from recycled materials contained greater numbers of fragrances, flame retardants, solvents, biocides, and dyes. The results were clustered to identify groups of chemicals potentially associated with unique chemical sources, and identified chemicals were prioritized for further study using high-throughput hazard and exposure information. While occurrence is not necessarily indicative of risk, these results can be used to inform the expansion of existing models or identify exposure pathways currently neglected in exposure assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N. Lowe
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, United States
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, United States
| | - Katherine A. Phillips
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, United States
| | - Kristin A. Favela
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, 78759, United States
| | - Alice Y. Yau
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, 78759, United States
| | - John F. Wambaugh
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, United States
| | - Jon R. Sobus
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, United States
| | - Antony J. Williams
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, United States
| | - Ashley J. Pfirrman
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, United States
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, United States
| | - Kristin K. Isaacs
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, United States
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14
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Gokhale A, Lee CE, Zlatic SA, Freeman AAH, Shearing N, Hartwig C, Ogunbona O, Bassell JL, Wynne ME, Werner E, Xu C, Wen Z, Duong D, Seyfried NT, Bearden CE, Oláh VJ, Rowan MJM, Glausier JR, Lewis DA, Faundez V. Mitochondrial Proteostasis Requires Genes Encoded in a Neurodevelopmental Syndrome Locus. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6596-6616. [PMID: 34261699 PMCID: PMC8336702 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2197-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells maintain proteostasis through mechanisms that require cytoplasmic and mitochondrial translation. Genetic defects affecting cytoplasmic translation perturb synapse development, neurotransmission, and are causative of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Fragile X syndrome. In contrast, there is little indication that mitochondrial proteostasis, either in the form of mitochondrial protein translation and/or degradation, is required for synapse development and function. Here we focus on two genes deleted in a recurrent copy number variation causing neurodevelopmental disorders, the 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome. We demonstrate that SLC25A1 and MRPL40, two genes present in the microdeleted segment and whose products localize to mitochondria, interact and are necessary for mitochondrial ribosomal integrity and proteostasis. Our Drosophila studies show that mitochondrial ribosome function is necessary for synapse neurodevelopment, function, and behavior. We propose that mitochondrial proteostasis perturbations, either by genetic or environmental factors, are a pathogenic mechanism for neurodevelopmental disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The balance between cytoplasmic protein synthesis and degradation, or cytoplasmic proteostasis, is required for normal synapse function and neurodevelopment. Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ribosomes are necessary for two compartmentalized, yet interdependent, forms of proteostasis. Proteostasis dependent on cytoplasmic ribosomes is a well-established target of genetic defects that cause neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism. Here we show that the mitochondrial ribosome is a neurodevelopmentally regulated organelle whose function is required for synapse development and function. We propose that defective mitochondrial proteostasis is a mechanism with the potential to contribute to neurodevelopmental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhexing Wen
- Departments of Cell Biology
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Duc Duong
- and Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | | | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | | | - Jill R Glausier
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - David A Lewis
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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15
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Mahmoud MAM, Abdel-Mohsein H, Mahmoud U, Lyu Z, Soleman SR, Li M, Fujitani T, Harada Sassa M, Fujii Y, Cao Y, Hitomi T, Harada KH. Systematic Review Protocol for the Current State of Chemical Exposure in Infants via Breast Milk, Artificial Milk and Dairy Products. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4436. [PMID: 33922006 PMCID: PMC8122520 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that human breast milk is contaminated with various chemicals. In the proposed systematic review, the aim is to identify and summarize the available literature regarding chemical exposure via breastfeeding or the feeding of artificial formula. MEDLINE (PubMed) will be the primary source in this literature search. Primary studies that analyzed one or more chemicals of interest in breast milk or artificial milk and that reported information on concentrations will be eligible for this review. Conference abstracts will not be included in the review unless access to the data is easy. First, the titles and abstracts of identified articles will be screened by two or more researchers. Then, a full-text review will be conducted to extract data from the included articles and code them for classification. The results of the search and classification will be summarized narratively and bibliometrically. The aim of the review is to analyze trends in publications according to year and region from the viewpoint of target chemicals, location, range of concentrations, and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A. M. Mahmoud
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
| | - Hosnia Abdel-Mohsein
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
| | - Usama Mahmoud
- Department of Animal and Poultry Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
| | - Zhaoqing Lyu
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (Z.L.); (S.R.S.); (M.L.); (T.F.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Sani Rachman Soleman
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (Z.L.); (S.R.S.); (M.L.); (T.F.); (M.H.S.)
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (Z.L.); (S.R.S.); (M.L.); (T.F.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Tomoko Fujitani
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (Z.L.); (S.R.S.); (M.L.); (T.F.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Mariko Harada Sassa
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (Z.L.); (S.R.S.); (M.L.); (T.F.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Yukiko Fujii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan;
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; (Y.C.); (T.H.)
| | - Toshiaki Hitomi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan; (Y.C.); (T.H.)
| | - Kouji H. Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (Z.L.); (S.R.S.); (M.L.); (T.F.); (M.H.S.)
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16
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Siciliano RA, Reale A, Mazzeo MF, Morandi S, Silvetti T, Brasca M. Paraprobiotics: A New Perspective for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals. Nutrients 2021; 13:1225. [PMID: 33917707 PMCID: PMC8068161 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host. However, in recent years, several concerns on their use have been raised. In particular, industrial processing and storage of probiotic products are still technological challenges as these could severely impair cell viability. On the other hand, safety of live microorganisms should be taken into account, especially when administered to vulnerable people, such as the elderly and immunodeficient individuals. These drawbacks have enhanced the interest toward new products based on non-viable probiotics such as paraprobiotics and postbiotics. In particular, paraprobiotics, defined as "inactivated microbial cells (non-viable) that confer a health benefit to the consumer," hold the ability to regulate the adaptive and innate immune systems, exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidant properties and exert antagonistic effect against pathogens. Moreover, paraprobiotics can exhibit enhanced safety, assure technological and practical benefits and can also be used in products suitable for people with weak immunity and the elderly. These features offer an important opportunity to prompt the market with novel functional foods or nutraceuticals that are safer and more stable. This review provides an overview of central issues on paraprobiotics and highlights the urgent need for further studies aimed at assessing safety and efficacy of these products and their mechanisms of action in order to support decisions of regulatory authorities. Finally, a definition is proposed that unambiguously distinguishes paraprobiotics from postbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Anna Siciliano
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (R.A.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Anna Reale
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (R.A.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Maria Fiorella Mazzeo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (R.A.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Stefano Morandi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR-ISPA), Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Tiziana Silvetti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR-ISPA), Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Milena Brasca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (CNR-ISPA), Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (M.B.)
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17
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Smits NGE, Blokland MH, Wubs KL, Bovee TFH, Albada B, van Ginkel LA, Nielen MWF. Detection of methionine- and alanine-recombinant bovine somatotropins and their induced antibodies in serum and milk of cows suggests blood-milk barrier specificity for these compounds. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:5069-5078. [PMID: 33663857 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The elimination of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) and its induced antibodies through milk of 2 formulations is studied to propose a control strategy for its use or abuse. Two dairy cows were treated with alanine-rbST (Ala-rbST), which is identical to endogenous bovine somatotropin, and ten dairy cows were treated with methionine-rbST (Met-rbST), which differs by 1 amino acid from endogenous bovine somatotropin. We developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method able to measure rbST at a decision limit (CCα) of 0.8 ng/mL and 2.3 ng/mL for serum and milk, respectively. The results show that the administered Ala-rbST is transferred from blood to milk but that this is not the case for Met-rbST. This suggests a blood-milk barrier-related specificity for these compounds. In addition, rbST-induced antibodies were formed in animals treated with Ala-rbST and those treated with Met-rbST. In both treatments, the rbST-induced antibodies were transferred from blood to milk, showing no blood-milk barrier specificity for these antibodies. These elimination patterns show that, for enforcement purposes, the detection of rbST-induced antibodies in tank milk can serve to screen for rbST administration, and subsequent confirmatory serum analysis by LC-MS/MS is needed to identify whether Ala-rbST or Met-rbST has been used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie G E Smits
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marco H Blokland
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Klaas L Wubs
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Toine F H Bovee
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bauke Albada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leendert A van Ginkel
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
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18
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Jentzsch V, Davis JAA, Djamgoz MBA. Pancreatic Cancer (PDAC): Introduction of Evidence-Based Complementary Measures into Integrative Clinical Management. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3096. [PMID: 33114159 PMCID: PMC7690843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common form of pancreatic cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which comprises some 85% of all cases. Currently, this is the fourth highest cause of cancer mortality worldwide and its incidence is rising steeply. Commonly applied clinical therapies offer limited chance of a lasting cure and the five-year survival rate is one of the lowest of the commonly occurring cancers. This review cultivates the hypothesis that the best management of PDAC would be possible by integrating 'western' clinical medicine with evidence-based complementary measures. Protecting the liver, where PDAC frequently first spreads, is also given some consideration. Overall, the complementary measures are divided into three groups: dietary factors, nutraceutical agents and lifestyle. In turn, dietary factors are considered as general conditioners, multi-factorial foodstuffs and specific compounds. The general conditioners are alkalinity, low-glycemic index and low-cholesterol. The multi-factorial foodstuffs comprise red meat, fish, fruit/vegetables, dairy, honey and coffee. The available evidence for the beneficial effects of the specific dietary and nutraceutical agents was considered at four levels (in order of prominence): clinical trials, meta-analyses, in vivo tests and in vitro studies. Thus, 9 specific agents were identified (6 dietary and 3 nutraceutical) as acceptable for integration with gemcitabine chemotherapy, the first-line treatment for pancreatic cancer. The specific dietary agents were the following: Vitamins A, C, D and E, genistein and curcumin. As nutraceutical compounds, propolis, triptolide and cannabidiol were accepted. The 9 complementary agents were sub-grouped into two with reference to the main 'hallmarks of cancer'. Lifestyle factors covered obesity, diabetes, smoking, alcohol and exercise. An integrative treatment regimen was devised for the management of PDAC patients. This involved combining first-line gemcitabine chemotherapy with the two sub-groups of complementary agents alternately in weekly cycles. The review concludes that integrated management currently offers the best patient outcome. Opportunities to be investigated in the future include emerging modalities, precision medicine, the nerve input to tumors and, importantly, clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Jentzsch
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
- Business School, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James A. A. Davis
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
| | - Mustafa B. A. Djamgoz
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey
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19
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Brito LS, Maggitti Junior LDP, Ferraz PA, Vasconcelos IC, Carvalho JVGDS, Loiola MVG, Bittencourt RF, Madrigal-Valverde M, Cavalcante AKDS, Barbosa LP, Oliveira LPD, Bastos MCBB, Brito OSD, Ribeiro Filho ADL. Effects of equine chorionic gonadotropin administered via the Baihui acupoint on follicular ovarian dynamics and the luteal function of cattle during an ovulation synchronization treatment regimen for fixed-time artificial insemination. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 223:106631. [PMID: 33137692 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to evaluate effects of a smaller than typically used dose of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) during a fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) treatment regimen. Transrectal ultrasonic (US) examinations were conducted on dairy cows on Day 0 (D0) and the treatment regimen was initiated with administrations of an intravaginal progesterone (P4) implant, estradiol benzoate (im), and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α; im). On D8, the P4 implant was removed and PGF2α and estradiol cypionate were administered to all animals. Subsequently, cows were randomly assigned to three groups and eCG was administered to Groups 1, 2, and 3 in doses of 300 (im); 100 (im); and 100 (Baihui acupoint) IUs, respectively. The B-mode and power-flow US cineloops were performed to assess follicular dynamics and evaluate various morphological and vascular characteristics of the corpus luteum. Blood samples were collected to quantify serum P4 concentrations. There were no differences between the ovulation synchronization treatment regimens for all follicular dynamic variables tested; however, cows in Group 3 differed from Group 2 having a larger follicle diameter (FD) on D10 (P = 0.06) and larger preovulatory FD (P = 0.09), as well as a blood perfusion area of the dominant follicle wall on D8 (P = 0.07). There were no differences in responses to the ovulation synchronization treatment regimens for the luteal variables evaluated subsequent to ovulation. In conclusion, the Baihui acupoint was effective as an alternative route for eCG dose reduction when FTAI treatment regimens were imposed without detrimentally affecting values for reproductive variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindomar Sousa Brito
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Av. Ademar de Barros 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Di Paolo Maggitti Junior
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Av. Ademar de Barros 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Priscila Assis Ferraz
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Av. Ademar de Barros 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Isabela Costa Vasconcelos
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Av. Ademar de Barros 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Gomes da Silva Carvalho
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Av. Ademar de Barros 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Galvão Loiola
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Av. Ademar de Barros 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Freitas Bittencourt
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Av. Ademar de Barros 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Mónica Madrigal-Valverde
- Animal Sciences Deparment, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Campus Rodrigo Facio, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Ana Karina da Silva Cavalcante
- Center for Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences (CCAAB), Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia (UFRB), Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Larissa Pires Barbosa
- Center for Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences (CCAAB), Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia (UFRB), Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Osvaldo Santos de Brito
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Baiano (IF Baiano), Catu, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Antônio de Lisboa Ribeiro Filho
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Av. Ademar de Barros 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
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Quadros DG, Johnson TL, Whitney TR, Oliver JD, Oliva Chávez AS. Plant-Derived Natural Compounds for Tick Pest Control in Livestock and Wildlife: Pragmatism or Utopia? INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11080490. [PMID: 32752256 PMCID: PMC7469192 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne diseases are a significant economic hindrance for livestock production and a menace to public health. The expansion of tick populations into new areas, the occurrence of acaricide resistance to synthetic chemical treatments, the potentially toxic contamination of food supplies, and the difficulty of applying chemical control in wild-animal populations have created greater interest in developing new tick control alternatives. Plant compounds represent a promising avenue for the discovery of such alternatives. Several plant extracts and secondary metabolites have repellent and acaricidal effects. However, very little is known about their mode of action, and their commercialization is faced with multiple hurdles, from the determination of an adequate formulation to field validation and public availability. Further, the applicability of these compounds to control ticks in wild-animal populations is restrained by inadequate delivery systems that cannot guarantee accurate dosage delivery at the right time to the target animal populations. More work, financial support, and collaboration with regulatory authorities, research groups, and private companies are needed to overcome these obstacles. Here, we review the advancements on known plant-derived natural compounds with acaricidal potential and discuss the road ahead toward the implementation of organic control in managing ticks and tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo G. Quadros
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, San Angelo, TX 76901, USA; (D.G.Q.); (T.R.W.)
| | - Tammi L. Johnson
- Department of Rangelands, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, Uvalde, TX 78801, USA;
| | - Travis R. Whitney
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, San Angelo, TX 76901, USA; (D.G.Q.); (T.R.W.)
| | - Jonathan D. Oliver
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Adela S. Oliva Chávez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-845-1946
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