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Lu L, Cai Y, Luo X, Wang Z, Fung SH, Jia H, Yu CL, Chan WY, Miu KK, Xiao W. A Core Omnigenic Non-coding Trait Governing Dex-Induced Osteoporotic Effects Identified Without DEXA. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:750959. [PMID: 34899306 PMCID: PMC8651565 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.750959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Iatrogenic glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is an idiosyncratic form of secondary osteoporosis. Genetic predisposition among individuals may give rise to variant degree of phenotypic changes but there has yet been a documented unified pathway to explain the idiosyncrasy. In this study, we argue that the susceptibility to epigenetic changes governing molecular cross talks along the BMP and PI3K/Akt pathway may underline how genetic background dictate GC-induced bone loss. Concordantly, osteoblasts from BALB/c or C57BL/6 neonatal mice were treated with dexamethasone for transcriptome profiling. Furthermore, we also confirmed that GC-pre-conditioned mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) would give rise to defective osteogenesis by instigating epigenetic changes which affected the accessibility of enhancer marks. In line with these epigenetic changes, we propose that GC modulates a key regulatory network involving the scavenger receptor Cd36 in osteoblasts pre-conditioning pharmacological idiosyncrasy in GIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanzhen Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangting Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Sin Hang Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Huanhuan Jia
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Lam Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Kai Kei Miu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Wende Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Sabik OL, Calabrese GM, Taleghani E, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Farber CR. Identification of a Core Module for Bone Mineral Density through the Integration of a Co-expression Network and GWAS Data. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108145. [PMID: 32937138 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The "omnigenic" model of the genetic architecture of complex traits proposed two categories of causal genes: core and peripheral. Core genes are hypothesized to directly regulate disease and may serve as therapeutic targets. Using a cell-type- and time-point-specific gene co-expression network for mineralizing osteoblasts, we identify a co-expression module enriched for genes implicated by bone mineral density (BMD) genome-wide association studies (GWASs), correlated with in vitro osteoblast mineralization and associated with skeletal phenotypes in human monogenic disease and mouse knockouts. Four genes from this module (B4GALNT3, CADM1, DOCK9, and GPR133) are located within the BMD GWAS loci with colocalizing expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and exhibit altered BMD in mouse knockouts, suggesting that they are causal genetic drivers of BMD in humans. Our network-based approach identifies a "core" module for BMD and provides a resource for expanding our understanding of the genetics of bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L Sabik
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Gina M Calabrese
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Eric Taleghani
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Cheryl L Ackert-Bicknell
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14624, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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3
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Twelve years of GWAS discoveries for osteoporosis and related traits: advances, challenges and applications. Bone Res 2021; 9:23. [PMID: 33927194 PMCID: PMC8085014 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease, affecting ~200 million people around the world. As a complex disease, osteoporosis is influenced by many factors, including diet (e.g. calcium and protein intake), physical activity, endocrine status, coexisting diseases and genetic factors. In this review, we first summarize the discovery from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in the bone field in the last 12 years. To date, GWASs and meta-analyses have discovered hundreds of loci that are associated with bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis, and osteoporotic fractures. However, the GWAS approach has sometimes been criticized because of the small effect size of the discovered variants and the mystery of missing heritability, these two questions could be partially explained by the newly raised conceptual models, such as omnigenic model and natural selection. Finally, we introduce the clinical use of GWAS findings in the bone field, such as the identification of causal clinical risk factors, the development of drug targets and disease prediction. Despite the fruitful GWAS discoveries in the bone field, most of these GWAS participants were of European descent, and more genetic studies should be carried out in other ethnic populations to benefit disease prediction in the corresponding population.
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Calabrese GM, Mesner LD, Stains JP, Tommasini SM, Horowitz MC, Rosen CJ, Farber CR. Integrating GWAS and Co-expression Network Data Identifies Bone Mineral Density Genes SPTBN1 and MARK3 and an Osteoblast Functional Module. Cell Syst 2017; 4:46-59.e4. [PMID: 27866947 PMCID: PMC5269473 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a highly heritable predictor of osteoporotic fracture. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for BMD have identified dozens of associations; yet, the genes responsible for most associations remain elusive. Here, we used a bone co-expression network to predict causal genes at BMD GWAS loci based on the premise that genes underlying a disease are often functionally related and functionally related genes are often co-expressed. By mapping genes implicated by BMD GWAS onto a bone co-expression network, we predicted and inferred the function of causal genes for 30 of 64 GWAS loci. We experimentally confirmed that two of the genes predicted to be causal, SPTBN1 and MARK3, are potentially responsible for the effects of GWAS loci on chromosomes 2p16.2 and 14q32.32, respectively. This approach provides a roadmap for the dissection of additional BMD GWAS associations. Furthermore, it should be applicable to GWAS data for a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Calabrese
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Larry D Mesner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Steven M Tommasini
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA
| | - Mark C Horowitz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Public Health Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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5
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An Unbalanced Rearrangement of Chromosomes 4:20 is Associated with Childhood Osteoporosis and Reduced Caspase-3 Levels. J Pediatr Genet 2016; 5:167-73. [PMID: 27617159 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of a chromosome 4:20 imbalance with osteoporosis in three related children. Bone biochemistry, bone turnover markers, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning were performed in all three cases and bone biopsy and histomorphometry in one. The chromosome imbalance was delineated by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and analyzed for candidate genes. A potential candidate gene within the deleted region is caspase-3, previously linked to low bone mineral density (BMD) in heterozygous mice thus caspase-3 activity was measured in cases and controls. Routine bone biochemistry and markers of bone turnover did not reveal any abnormality. DXA showed reduced total and lumbar spine bone mineral content. aCGH showed an 8 megabase (Mb) deletion of terminal chromosome 4q incorporating a region previously linked to low BMD and a 15 Mb duplication of terminal chromosome 20p. Bone biopsy showed a high bone turnover state, trabecularisation of cortical bone and numerous small osteoclasts coupled with normal bone formation. Basal serum caspase-3 activity was lower in cases compared with controls. We conclude that the early-onset osteoporosis with low basal levels of caspase-3 and abnormal osteoclasts is a feature of this chromosomal translocation. Further investigation of the role of the deleted and duplicated genes and especially caspase-3 is required.
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Hwang JY, Kim YJ, Choi BY, Kim BJ, Han BG. Meta analysis identifies a novel susceptibility locus associated with heel bone strength in the Korean population. Bone 2016; 84:47-51. [PMID: 26686025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound has been recognized as a non-invasive method for evaluation of bone strength and prediction of osteoporotic fracture. METHODS To extend a thorough genetic catalog for osteoporotic bone properties, we performed a genome-wide association study (rural cohort I, n=1895) of speed of sound (SOS) using the 1000 genome-based imputation in the discovery stage and then carried out in silico lookups (rural cohort II and III, n=2,967) and de novo genotyping (rural cohort IV, n=4,296) in the replication stage. RESULTS In the combined meta-analysis (n=9,158), we identified a novel variant associated with SOS (rs2445771 in the GLDN gene, P=2.27×10(-9)) reaching genome-wide significance in the Korean population. We further demonstrated that allele-specific regulatory modifications found to be associated with functional enrichments by ENCODE annotations. CONCLUSION Our findings could provide additional insights into understanding of genetic and epigenetic regulations on bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Yeon Hwang
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Youl Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bok-Ghee Han
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Mafi Golchin M, Heidari L, Ghaderian SMH, Akhavan-Niaki H. Osteoporosis: A Silent Disease with Complex Genetic Contribution. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:49-61. [PMID: 26924688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common multifactorial metabolic bone disorder worldwide with a strong genetic component. In this review, the evidence for a genetic contribution to osteoporosis and related phenotypes is summarized alongside with methods used to identify osteoporosis susceptibility genes. The key biological pathways involved in the skeleton and bone development are discussed with a particular focus on master genes clustered in these pathways and their mode of action. Furthermore, the most studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyzed for their importance as genetic markers of the disease are presented. New data generated by next-generation sequencing in conjunction with extensive meta-analyses should contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis of osteoporosis and related phenotype variability. These data could be ultimately used for identifying at-risk patients for disease prevention by both controlling environmental factors and providing possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mafi Golchin
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717647745, Iran
| | - Laleh Heidari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Ghaderian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717647745, Iran.
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Jin HS, Kim J, Park S, Park E, Kim BY, Choi VN, Yoo YH, Kim BT, Jeong SY. Association of the I264T variant in the sulfide quinone reductase-like (SQRDL) gene with osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135285. [PMID: 26258864 PMCID: PMC4530967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify novel susceptibility variants for osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women, we performed a genome-wide association analysis of 1180 nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in 405 individuals with osteoporosis and 722 normal controls of the Korean Association Resource cohort. A logistic regression analysis revealed 72 nsSNPs that showed a significant association with osteoporosis (p<0.05). The top 10 nsSNPs showing the lowest p-values (p = 5.2×10-4-8.5×10-3) were further studied to investigate their effects at the protein level. Based on the results of an in silico prediction of the protein's functional effect based on amino acid alterations and a sequence conservation evaluation of the amino acid residues at the positions of the nsSNPs among orthologues, we selected one nsSNP in the SQRDL gene (rs1044032, SQRDL I264T) as a meaningful genetic variant associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. To assess whether the SQRDL I264T variant played a functional role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, we examined the in vitro effect of the nsSNP on bone remodeling. Overexpression of the SQRDL I264T variant in the preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization, and the mRNA expression of osteoblastogenesis markers, Runx2, Sp7, and Bglap genes, whereas the SQRDL wild type had no effect or a negative effect on osteoblast differentiation. Overexpression of the SQRDL I264T variant did not affect osteoclast differentiation of the primary-cultured monocytes. The known effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on bone remodeling may explain the findings of the current study, which demonstrated the functional role of the H2S-catalyzing enzyme SQRDL I264T variant in osteoblast differentiation. In conclusion, the results of the statistical and experimental analyses indicate that the SQRDL I264T nsSNP may be a significant susceptibility variant for osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women that is involved in osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seok Jin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwook Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health, Kyungwoon University, Gumi, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkuk Park
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Kim
- Division of Intractable Disease, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Vit-Na Choi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bom-Taeck Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Yong Jeong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Gori F, Lerner U, Ohlsson C, Baron R. A new WNT on the bone: WNT16, cortical bone thickness, porosity and fractures. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:669. [PMID: 25987984 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has provided abundant data implicating the WNT pathway in bone development and in the regulation of skeletal homeostasis. Rare human mutations together with gain- and loss-of-function approaches in mice have clearly demonstrated that disrupted regulation of this pathway leads to altered bone mass. In addition to these rare human and mice mutations, large population-based genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ∼60 loci strongly associated with variations in bone mineral density (BMD) at different skeletal sites. Among the loci/genes identified by BMD GWAS, components of the WNT signaling pathway are numerous and have been shown to contribute to skeletal development and homeostasis. Within the components of WNT signaling, the gene coding for WNT16, one of the 19 WNT ligands of the human genome, has been found strongly associated with specific bone traits such as cortical bone thickness, cortical porosity and fracture risk. Recently, the first functional characterization of Wnt16 has confirmed the critical role of Wnt16 in the regulation of cortical bone mass and bone strength in mice. These reports have extended our understanding of Wnt16 function in bone homeostasis and have not only confirmed the unique association of Wnt16 with cortical bone and fracture susceptibility, as suggested by GWAS in human populations, but have also provided novel insights into the biology of this WNT ligand and the mechanism(s) by which it regulates cortical but not trabecular bone homeostasis. Most interestingly, Wnt16 appears to be a strong anti-resorptive soluble factor acting on both osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gori
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulf Lerner
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden ; Molecular Periodontology, Umea University , Umea, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
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Kaste S, An Q, Smith K, Surprise H, Lovorn E, Boyett J, Ferry R, Relling M, Shurtleff S, Pui C, Carbone L, Hudson M, Ness K. Calcium and cholecalciferol supplementation provides no added benefit to nutritional counseling to improve bone mineral density in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:885-93. [PMID: 24395288 PMCID: PMC4160024 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to improve lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS-BMD) in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using calcium and cholecalciferol supplementation. PROCEDURE This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized 275 participants (median age, 17 [9-36.1] years) with age- and gender-specific LS-BMD Z-scores <0 to receive nutritional counseling with supplementation of 1,000 mg/day calcium and 800 International Unit cholecalciferol or placebo for 2 years. The primary outcome was change in LS-BMD assessed by quantitative computerized tomography (QCT) at 24 months. Linear regression models were employed to identify the baseline risk factors for low LS-BMD and to compare LS-BMD outcomes. RESULTS Pre-randomization LS-BMD below the mean was associated with male gender (P = 0.0024), White race (P = 0.0003), lower body mass index (P < 0.0001), and cumulative glucocorticoid doses of ≥ 5,000 mg (P = 0.0012). One hundred eighty-eight (68%) participants completed the study; 77% adhered to the intervention. Mean LS-BMD change did not differ between survivors randomized to supplements (0.33 ± 0.57) or placebo (0.28 ± 0.56). Participants aged 9-13 years and those 22-35 years had the greatest mean increases in LS-BMD (0.50 ± 0.66 and 0.37 ± 0.23, respectively). Vitamin D insufficiency (serum 25[OH]D <30 ng/ml) found in 296 (75%), was not associated with LS-BMD outcomes (P = 0.78). CONCLUSION Cholecalciferol and calcium supplementation provides no added benefit to nutritional counseling for improving LS-BMD among adolescent and young adult survivors of ALL (93% of whom had LS-BMD Z-scores above the mean at study entry).
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Affiliation(s)
- S.C. Kaste
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN,University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN,Corresponding author: Dr. Sue C. Kaste, Department of Radiological Sciences 262 Danny Thomas Place, MSN #220 Memphis, TN 38105 Phone: 901-595-3347 Fax: 901-595-3981
| | - Q. An
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - K. Smith
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - H. Surprise
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - E. Lovorn
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - J. Boyett
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - R.J. Ferry
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN,Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - M.V. Relling
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - C.H. Pui
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - L. Carbone
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - M.M. Hudson
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - K.K. Ness
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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11
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Association of CTLA-4 variants with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:227-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Liang Y, Xu WD, Zhang M, Qiu LJ, Ni J, Wang XS, Wen PF, Cen H, Leng RX, Pan HF, Ye DQ. Meta-analysis of association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and Behcet's disease risk. Int J Rheum Dis 2013; 16:616-24. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Li-Juan Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Xiao-Song Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Peng-Fei Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Han Cen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Rui-Xue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
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13
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14
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Zheng HF, Duncan E, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Eriksson J, Bergström U, Leo PJ, Leslie WD, Goltzman D, Blangero J, Hanley DA, Carless MA, Streeten EA, Lorentzon M, Brown MA, Spector TD, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Ohlsson C, Mitchell BD, Richards JB. Meta-analysis of genome-wide studies identifies MEF2C SNPs associated with bone mineral density at forearm. J Med Genet 2013; 50:473-8. [PMID: 23572186 PMCID: PMC3769185 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forearm fractures affect 1.7 million individuals worldwide each year and most occur earlier in life than hip fractures. While the heritability of forearm bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture is high, their genetic determinants are largely unknown. AIM To identify genetic variants associated with forearm BMD and forearm fractures. METHODS BMD at distal radius, measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, was tested for association with common genetic variants. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for BMD in 5866 subjects of European descent and then selected the variants for replication in 715 Mexican American samples. Gene-based association was carried out to supplement the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association test. We then tested the BMD-associated SNPs for association with forearm fracture in 2023 cases and 3740 controls. RESULTS We found that five SNPs in the introns of MEF2C were associated with forearm BMD at a genome-wide significance level (p<5×10(-8)) in meta-analysis (lead SNP, rs11951031[T] -0.20 SDs per allele, p=9.01×10(-9)). The gene-based association test suggested an association between MEF2C and forearm BMD (p=0.003). The association between MEF2C variants and risk of fracture did not achieve statistical significance (SNP rs12521522[A]: OR=1.14 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.35), p=0.14). Meta-analysis also revealed two genome-wide suggestive loci at CTNNA2 and 6q23.2. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that variants at MEF2C were associated with forearm BMD, implicating this gene in the determination of BMD at forearm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Feng Zheng
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2 Canada
| | - Emma Duncan
- Human Genetics Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
- Endocrinology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, 4029, Australia
| | - Laura M. Yerges-Armstrong
- Department of Medicine; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Joel Eriksson
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
| | - Ulrica Bergström
- Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, S-90187, Sweden
| | - Paul J. Leo
- Human Genetics Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - William D. Leslie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - David Goltzman
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, USA
| | - David A. Hanley
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Melanie A. Carless
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Streeten
- Department of Medicine; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
| | - Matthew A. Brown
- Human Genetics Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrika Pettersson-Kymmer
- Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, S-90187, Sweden
- Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå Unviersity, Umeå, S-90187, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - J. Brent Richards
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2 Canada
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Rojo Venegas K, Aguilera Gómez M, Cañada Garre M, Sánchez AG, Contreras-Ortega C, Calleja Hernández MA. Pharmacogenetics of osteoporosis: towards novel theranostics for personalized medicine? OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2013; 16:638-51. [PMID: 23215803 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2011.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex multifactorial bone disorder with a strong genetic basis. It is the most common, severe, progressive skeletal illness that has been increasing, particularly in developed countries. Osteoporosis will no doubt constitute a serious clinical burden in healthcare management in the coming decades. The genetics of osteoporosis should be analyzed from both the disease susceptibility and the pharmacogenetic treatment perspectives. The former has been widely studied and discussed, while the latter still requires much more information and research. This article provides a synthesis of the literature on the genetics of osteoporosis and an update on progress made in pharmacogenetics of osteoporosis in recent years, specifically regarding the new molecular targets for antiresorptive drugs. In-depth translation of osteoporosis pharmacogenetics approaches to clinical practice demands a new vision grounded on the concept of "theranostics," that is, the integration of diagnostics for both disease susceptibility testing, as well as for prediction of health intervention outcomes. In essence, theranostics signals a broadening in the scope of inquiry in diagnostics medicine. The upcoming wave of theranostics medicine also suggests more distributed forms of science and knowledge production, both by experts and end-users of scientific products. Both the diagnosis and personalized treatment of osteoporosis could conceivably benefit from the emerging postgenomics field of theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Rojo Venegas
- Pharmacy Service, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.
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16
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Wu S, Liu Y, Zhang L, Han Y, Lin Y, Deng HW. Genome-wide approaches for identifying genetic risk factors for osteoporosis. Genome Med 2013; 5:44. [PMID: 23731620 PMCID: PMC3706967 DOI: 10.1186/gm448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, the most common type of bone disease worldwide, is clinically characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased susceptibility to fracture. Multiple genetic and environmental factors and gene-environment interactions have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Osteoporosis has strong genetic determination, with the heritability of BMD estimated to be as high as 60%. More than 80 genes or genetic variants have been implicated in risk of osteoporosis by hypothesis-free genome-wide studies. However, these genes or genetic variants can only explain a small portion of BMD variation, suggesting that many other genes or genetic variants underlying osteoporosis risk await discovery. Here, we review recent progress in genome-wide studies of osteoporosis and discuss their implications for medicine and the major challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Wu
- The Center for System Biomedical Research, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Rd, Yangpu district, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Center for System Biomedical Research, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Rd, Yangpu district, Shanghai, 200093, China ; Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yingying Han
- The Center for System Biomedical Research, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Rd, Yangpu district, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yong Lin
- The Center for System Biomedical Research, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Rd, Yangpu district, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- The Center for System Biomedical Research, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Rd, Yangpu district, Shanghai, 200093, China ; Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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17
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Fleuren WWM, Toonen EJM, Verhoeven S, Frijters R, Hulsen T, Rullmann T, van Schaik R, de Vlieg J, Alkema W. Identification of new biomarker candidates for glucocorticoid induced insulin resistance using literature mining. BioData Min 2013; 6:2. [PMID: 23379763 PMCID: PMC3577498 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0381-6-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory agents used for the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. Unfortunately, usage is limited because of metabolic side-effects, e.g. insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and diabetes. To gain more insight into the mechanisms behind glucocorticoid induced insulin resistance, it is important to understand which genes play a role in the development of insulin resistance and which genes are affected by glucocorticoids.Medline abstracts contain many studies about insulin resistance and the molecular effects of glucocorticoids and thus are a good resource to study these effects. RESULTS We developed CoPubGene a method to automatically identify gene-disease associations in Medline abstracts. We used this method to create a literature network of genes related to insulin resistance and to evaluate the importance of the genes in this network for glucocorticoid induced metabolic side effects and anti-inflammatory processes.With this approach we found several genes that already are considered markers of GC induced IR, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit (G6PC). In addition, we found genes involved in steroid synthesis that have not yet been recognized as mediators of GC induced IR. CONCLUSIONS With this approach we are able to construct a robust informative literature network of insulin resistance related genes that gave new insights to better understand the mechanisms behind GC induced IR. The method has been set up in a generic way so it can be applied to a wide variety of disease networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilco WM Fleuren
- Computational Drug Discovery (CDD), CMBI, NCMLS, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre (NBIC), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik JM Toonen
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Raoul Frijters
- Computational Drug Discovery (CDD), CMBI, NCMLS, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Present address: Rijk Zwaan Nederland BV, Fijnaart, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Hulsen
- Computational Drug Discovery (CDD), CMBI, NCMLS, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Present address: Philips Research Europe, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jacob de Vlieg
- Computational Drug Discovery (CDD), CMBI, NCMLS, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands eScience Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wynand Alkema
- Computational Drug Discovery (CDD), CMBI, NCMLS, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Present address: NIZO Food Research BV, Ede, The Netherlands
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18
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Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, bone mineral density and fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:383-90. [PMID: 23070909 PMCID: PMC3518805 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to investigate the possibility of an association between polymorphisms and single alleles of BsmI, ApaI, TaqI of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene with bone mineral density (BMD) and prevalence of vertebral/non-vertebral fractures in a group of postmenopausal Polish women with osteoporosis. The study group comprised of 501 postmenopausal females with osteoporosis (mean age 66.4 ± 8.9), who were diagnosed on the basis of either the WHO criteria or self-reported history of low-energy fractures. The three polymorphisms were determined by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism). BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). 285 fractures were reported in the whole group (168 vertebral and 117 non-vertebral). Incidence of non-vertebral fractures was significantly higher in the carriers of single alleles a of ApaI, b of BsmI and T of TaqI VDR gene polymorphisms (p = 0.021, 0.032, 0.020, respectively). No significant associations between allelic variants of the studied polymorphisms and BMD or fracture incidence were found. (1).The presence of single alleles a,b and T of ApaI, BsmI, TaqI VDR gene polymorphisms respectively, might serve as an indicator of non-vertebral fractures. (2). Lack of association between the VDR gene polymorphisms and BMD suggests that VDR contributes to low-energy fractures also through other ways.
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Abstract
From the early 1990s to the middle of the last decade, the search for genes influencing osteoporosis proved difficult with few successes. However, over the last 5 years this has begun to change with the introduction of genome-wide association (GWA) studies. In this short period of time, GWA studies have significantly accelerated the pace of gene discovery, leading to the identification of nearly 100 independent associations for osteoporosis-related traits. However, GWA does not specifically pinpoint causal genes or provide functional context for associations. Thus, there is a need for approaches that provide systems-level insight on how associated variants influence cellular function, downstream gene networks, and ultimately disease. In this review we discuss the emerging field of "systems genetics" and how it is being used in combination with and independent of GWA to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Farber
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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20
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Zheng HF, Tobias JH, Duncan E, Evans DM, Eriksson J, Paternoster L, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Lehtimäki T, Bergström U, Kähönen M, Leo PJ, Raitakari O, Laaksonen M, Nicholson GC, Viikari J, Ladouceur M, Lyytikäinen LP, Medina-Gomez C, Rivadeneira F, Prince RL, Sievanen H, Leslie WD, Mellström D, Eisman JA, Movérare-Skrtic S, Goltzman D, Hanley DA, Jones G, St. Pourcain B, Xiao Y, Timpson NJ, Smith GD, Reid IR, Ring SM, Sambrook PN, Karlsson M, Dennison EM, Kemp JP, Danoy P, Sayers A, Wilson SG, Nethander M, McCloskey E, Vandenput L, Eastell R, Liu J, Spector T, Mitchell BD, Streeten EA, Brommage R, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Brown MA, Ohlsson C, Richards JB, Lorentzon M. WNT16 influences bone mineral density, cortical bone thickness, bone strength, and osteoporotic fracture risk. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002745. [PMID: 22792071 PMCID: PMC3390364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with cortical bone thickness (CBT) and bone mineral density (BMD) by performing two separate genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses for CBT in 3 cohorts comprising 5,878 European subjects and for BMD in 5 cohorts comprising 5,672 individuals. We then assessed selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for osteoporotic fracture in 2,023 cases and 3,740 controls. Association with CBT and forearm BMD was tested for ∼2.5 million SNPs in each cohort separately, and results were meta-analyzed using fixed effect meta-analysis. We identified a missense SNP (Thr>Ile; rs2707466) located in the WNT16 gene (7q31), associated with CBT (effect size of -0.11 standard deviations [SD] per C allele, P = 6.2 × 10(-9)). This SNP, as well as another nonsynonymous SNP rs2908004 (Gly>Arg), also had genome-wide significant association with forearm BMD (-0.14 SD per C allele, P = 2.3 × 10(-12), and -0.16 SD per G allele, P = 1.2 × 10(-15), respectively). Four genome-wide significant SNPs arising from BMD meta-analysis were tested for association with forearm fracture. SNP rs7776725 in FAM3C, a gene adjacent to WNT16, was associated with a genome-wide significant increased risk of forearm fracture (OR = 1.33, P = 7.3 × 10(-9)), with genome-wide suggestive signals from the two missense variants in WNT16 (rs2908004: OR = 1.22, P = 4.9 × 10(-6) and rs2707466: OR = 1.22, P = 7.2 × 10(-6)). We next generated a homozygous mouse with targeted disruption of Wnt16. Female Wnt16(-/-) mice had 27% (P<0.001) thinner cortical bones at the femur midshaft, and bone strength measures were reduced between 43%-61% (6.5 × 10(-13)<P<5.9 × 10(-4)) at both femur and tibia, compared with their wild-type littermates. Natural variation in humans and targeted disruption in mice demonstrate that WNT16 is an important determinant of CBT, BMD, bone strength, and risk of fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Feng Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jon H. Tobias
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Duncan
- Human Genetics Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Endocrinology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David M. Evans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Eriksson
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M. Yerges-Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulrica Bergström
- Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Paul J. Leo
- Human Genetics Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marika Laaksonen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard L. Prince
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - William D. Leslie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Dan Mellström
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John A. Eisman
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sofia Movérare-Skrtic
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Goltzman
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - David A. Hanley
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Beate St. Pourcain
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yongjun Xiao
- Centre for Bone and Periodontal Research, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R. Reid
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Susan M. Ring
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N. Sambrook
- Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elaine M. Dennison
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Kemp
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Danoy
- Human Genetics Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adrian Sayers
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Scott G. Wilson
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Nethander
- Genomics Core Facility, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eugene McCloskey
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, Metabolic Bone Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Richard Eastell
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, Metabolic Bone Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jeff Liu
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tim Spector
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Streeten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert Brommage
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ulrika Pettersson-Kymmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå Unviersity, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matthew A. Brown
- Human Genetics Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - J. Brent Richards
- Department of Medicine, Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Van Hul W. Sclerosing bone disorders: a lot of knowns but still some unknowns. BONEKEY REPORTS 2012; 1:97. [PMID: 27127625 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2012.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, many advances have been made in understanding how osteoclasts and osteoblasts work and communicate by elucidation of the molecular genetic causes of many rare bone dysplasias. The relationship between the clinical findings and the molecular defects underlying these aberrant bone phenotypes has given new insights into the molecular machinery of the different bone cell types, and into how they act and interact to regulate bone mass. The study of sclerosing bone dysplasias caused by a disturbance of the balance between bone formation and bone resorption has had an especially high impact. Furthermore, it has also become clear that genetic variation within several of the identified genes contributes to the risk to develop osteoporosis and that in some cases the metabolic pathways involved provide interesting targets for the development of novel treatments for osteoporosis. In this review, some of the sclerosing bone diseases are discussed, focusing on the underlying mechanisms and the broader implications of the insights gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp , Antwerp, Belgium
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