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Ferreres-Serafini L, Martín-Orúe SM, Sadurní M, Jiménez J, Moreno-Muñoz JA, Castillejos L. Supplementing infant milk formula with a multi-strain synbiotic and osteopontin enhances colonic microbial colonization and modifies jejunal gene expression in lactating piglets. Food Funct 2024; 15:6536-6552. [PMID: 38807503 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00489b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A total of ninety-six weaned piglets were assigned to four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 design. The treatments included: a standard milk formula (CTR); CTR + probiotics (6.4 × 108 cfu L-1Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 and 1.1 × 108 cfu L-1Lactobacillus rhamnosus NH001) + prebiotics (galacto-oligosaccharides 4.36 g L-1 and human-milk-oligosaccharide 0.54 g L-1) (SYN); CTR + osteopontin (0.43 g L-1) (OPN); and CTR + SYN + OPN (CON). Daily records including feed intake, body weight, and clinical signs, were maintained throughout the 15-day trial. At the end of the study samples from blood, digestive content, and gut tissues were collected to determine serum TNF-α, intestinal fermentative activity (SCFA and ammonia), colonic microbiota (16S rRNA Illumina-MiSeq), histomorphology, and jejunal gene expression (Open-Array). No statistical differences were found in weight gain; however, the animals supplemented with osteopontin exhibited higher feed intake. In terms of clinical signs, synbiotic supplementation led to a shorter duration of diarrhoea episodes. Regarding gut health, the sequenced faecal microbiota revealed better control of potentially dysbiotic bacteria with the CON diet at day 15. In the colon compartment, a significant increase in SCFA concentration, a decrease in ammonia concentration, and a significant decrease in intraepithelial lymphocyte counts were particularly observed in CON animals. The supplemented diets were also associated with modified jejunal gene expression. The synbiotic combination was characterized by the upregulation of genes related to intestinal maturation (ALPI, SI) and nutrient transport (SLC13A1, SLC15A1, SLC5A1, SLC7A8), and the downregulation of genes related to the response to pathogens (GBP1, IDO, TLR4) or the inflammatory response (IDO, IL-1β, TGF-β1). Osteopontin promoted the upregulation of a digestive function gene (GCG). Correlational analysis between the microbiota population and various intestinal environmental factors (SCFA concentration, histology, and gene expression) proposes mechanisms of communication between the gut microbiota and the host. In summary, these results suggest an improvement in the colonic colonization process and a better modulation of the immune response when milk formula is supplemented with the tested synbiotic combined with osteopontin, benefiting from a synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Ferreres-Serafini
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Susana Mª Martín-Orúe
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Meritxell Sadurní
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Jesús Jiménez
- Laboratorios Ordesa S.L., Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Moreno-Muñoz
- Laboratorios Ordesa S.L., Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lorena Castillejos
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Bergamo EP, Witek L, Ramalho IS, Lopes ACD, Nayak VV, Torroni A, Slavin BV, Bonfante EA, Uhrich KE, Graves DT, Coelho PG. Sustained Release of Salicylic Acid for Halting Peri-Implantitis Progression in Healthy and Hyperglycemic Systemic Conditions: A Gottingen Minipig Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3097-3107. [PMID: 38591966 PMCID: PMC11094686 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
To develop a peri-implantitis model in a Gottingen minipig and evaluate the effect of local application of salicylic acid poly(anhydride-ester) (SAPAE) on peri-implantitis progression in healthy, metabolic syndrome (MS), and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects. Eighteen animals were allocated to three groups: (i) control, (ii) MS (diet for obesity induction), and (iii) T2DM (diet plus streptozotocin for T2DM induction). Maxillary and mandible premolars and first molar were extracted. After 3 months of healing, four implants per side were placed in both jaws of each animal. After 2 months, peri-implantitis was induced by plaque formation using silk ligatures. SAPAE polymer was mixed with mineral oil (3.75 mg/μL) and topically applied biweekly for up to 60 days to halt peri-implantitis progression. Periodontal probing was used to assess pocket depth over time, followed by histomorphologic analysis of harvested samples. The adopted protocol resulted in the onset of peri-implantitis, with healthy minipigs taking twice as long to reach the same level of probing depth relative to MS and T2DM subjects (∼3.0 mm), irrespective of jaw. In a qualitative analysis, SAPAE therapy revealed decreased levels of inflammation in the normoglycemic, MS, and T2DM groups. SAPAE application around implants significantly reduced the progression of peri-implantitis after ∼15 days of therapy, with ∼30% lower probing depth for all systemic conditions and similar rates of probing depth increase per week between the control and SAPAE groups. MS and T2DM conditions presented a faster progression of the peri-implant pocket depth. SAPAE treatment reduced peri-implantitis progression in healthy, MS, and T2DM groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmara
T. P. Bergamo
- Department
of Prosthodontics, NYU Dentistry, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials
Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, New York 10010, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School
of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
- Hansjörg
Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU
Grossman School of Medicine, New
York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Ilana Santos Ramalho
- Department
of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University
of Sao Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP 17012-230, Brazil
| | - Adolfo Coelho de
Oliveira Lopes
- Department
of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University
of Sao Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP 17012-230, Brazil
| | - Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Andrea Torroni
- Hansjörg
Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU
Grossman School of Medicine, New
York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Blaire V. Slavin
- University
of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Estevam A. Bonfante
- Department
of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University
of Sao Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP 17012-230, Brazil
| | - Kathryn E. Uhrich
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Dana T. Graves
- Department
of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Division
of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
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3
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Mazzoni M, Cabanillas L, Costanzini A, Caremoli F, Million M, Larauche M, Clavenzani P, De Giorgio R, Sternini C. Distribution, quantification, and characterization of substance P enteric neurons in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the porcine colon. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 395:39-51. [PMID: 37982872 PMCID: PMC10774220 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The pig is an important translational model for studying intestinal physiology and disorders for its many homologies with humans, including the organization of the enteric nervous system (ENS), the major regulator of gastrointestinal functions. This study focused on the quantification and neurochemical characterization of substance P (SP) neurons in the pig ascending (AC) and descending colon (DC) in wholemount preparations of the inner submucosal plexus (ISP), outer submucosal plexus (OSP), and myenteric plexus (MP). We used antibodies for the pan-neuronal marker HuCD, and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), markers for excitatory and inhibitory transmitters, for multiple labeling immunofluorescence and high-resolution confocal microscopy. The highest density of SP immunoreactive (IR) neurons was in the ISP (222/mm2 in the AC, 166/mm2 in the DC), where they make up about a third of HuCD-IR neurons, compared to the OSP and MP (19-22% and 13-17%, respectively, P < 0.001-0.0001). HuCD/SP/ChAT-IR neurons (up to 23%) were overall more abundant than HuCD/SP/nNOS-IR neurons (< 10%). Most SP-IR neurons contained ChAT-IR (62-85%), whereas 18-38% contained nNOS-IR with the highest peak in the OSP. A subpopulation of SP-IR neurons contains both ChAT- and nNOS-IR with the highest peak in the OSP and ISP of DC (33-36%) and the lowest in the ISP of AC (< 10%, P < 0.001). SP-IR varicose fibers were abundant in the ganglia. This study shows that SP-IR neurons are functionally distinct with variable proportions in different plexuses in the AC and DC reflecting diverse functions of specific colonic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Mazzoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luis Cabanillas
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anna Costanzini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Filippo Caremoli
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Current address: San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Mulugeta Million
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Muriel Larauche
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Paolo Clavenzani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Catia Sternini
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Slavin BV, Nayak VV, Boczar D, Bergamo ET, Slavin BR, Yarholar LM, Torroni A, Coelho PG, Witek L. Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE) of the Craniofacial Skeleton, Part II: Translational Potential of 3D-Printed Scaffolds for Defect Repair. J Craniofac Surg 2024; 35:261-267. [PMID: 37622526 PMCID: PMC10836599 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing and 3-dimensional (3D) printing techniques have revolutionized the approach to bone tissue engineering for the repair of craniomaxillofacial skeletal defects. Ample research has been performed to gain a fundamental understanding of the optimal 3D-printed scaffold design and composition to facilitate appropriate bone formation and healing. Benchtop and preclinical, small animal model testing of 3D-printed bioactive ceramic scaffolds augmented with pharmacological/biological agents have yielded promising results given their potential combined osteogenic and osteoinductive capacity. However, other factors must be evaluated before newly developed constructs may be considered analogous alternatives to the "gold standard" autologous graft for defect repair. More specifically, the 3D-printed bioactive ceramic scaffold's long-term safety profile, biocompatibility, and resorption kinetics must be studied. The ultimate goal is to successfully regenerate bone that is comparable in volume, density, histologic composition, and mechanical strength to that of native bone. In vivo studies of these newly developed bone tissue engineering in translational animal models continue to make strides toward addressing regulatory and clinically relevant topics. These include the use of skeletally immature animal models to address the challenges posed by craniomaxillofacial defect repair in pediatric patients. This manuscript reviews the most recent preclinical animal studies seeking to assess 3D-printed ceramic scaffolds for improved repair of critical-sized craniofacial bony defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasudev V Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Daniel Boczar
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Edmara Tp Bergamo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of São Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Biomaterials Division, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY
| | - Benjamin R Slavin
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Lauren M Yarholar
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Andrea Torroni
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY
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Ayala L, Sánchez CJ, Hernández F, Madrid J, López MJ, Martínez-Miró S. A Comparison of Haematological and Biochemical Profiles between Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Normal Piglets at 72 Hours Postpartum. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3540. [PMID: 38003158 PMCID: PMC10668781 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction in piglets has been a problem in the pig industry due to genetic selection based on hyperprolificacy. This has led to an increase in the number of underweight piglets and a worsening of the survival rate. The goal of this study was to enhance the knowledge of differences between normal and IUGR piglets a few hours after birth in terms of haematological variables, biochemical parameters, and immunoglobulin levels. Two groups of 20 piglets each were assessed. The control group (N) was made up of piglets with weights greater than 1500 g, and the IUGR group consisted of piglets weighing 500-1000 g and with at least two IUGR features. Blood samples were collected 72 h after birth for analysis of the red and white blood cell parameters, reticulocyte indices, platelet indices, biochemical parameters, and immunoglobulin levels. Alterations in red blood cells and reticulocytes, a lower lymphocyte count, hyperinsulinemia, and high oxidative stress were observed in IUGR piglets (p < 0.05). In contrast, differences were not observed (p > 0.05) in the serum immunoglobulin level. It can be concluded that the haematological and biochemical differences in IUGR piglets with respect to normal-weight piglets are present at birth indicating possible alterations in immunity, metabolism, and redox status; therefore, IUGR piglets could be more vulnerable to illness and future disorders, such as metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvia Martínez-Miró
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.A.); (C.J.S.); (F.H.); (J.M.); (M.J.L.)
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6
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Goggans ML, Bilbrey EA, Quiroz-Moreno CD, Francis DM, Jacobi SK, Kovac J, Cooperstone JL. Short-Term Tomato Consumption Alters the Pig Gut Microbiome toward a More Favorable Profile. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0250622. [PMID: 36346230 PMCID: PMC9769997 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02506-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been shown to exert positive effects on the gut microbiome. However, little is known about the specific effect of individual fruits or vegetables on gut microbe profiles. This study aims to elucidate the effects of tomato consumption on the gut microbiome, as tomatoes account for 22% of vegetable consumption in Western diets, and their consumption has been associated with positive health outcomes. Using piglets as a physiologically relevant model of human metabolism, 20 animals were assigned to either a control or a tomato powder-supplemented diet (both macronutrient matched and isocaloric) for 14 days. The microbiome was sampled rectally at three time points: day 0 (baseline), day 7 (midpoint), and day 14 (end of study). DNA was sequenced using shotgun metagenomics, and reads were annotated using MG-RAST. There were no differences in body weight or feed intake between our two treatment groups. There was a microbial shift which included a higher ratio of Bacteroidota to Bacillota (formerly known as Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, respectively) and higher alpha-diversity in tomato-fed animals, indicating a shift to a more desirable phenotype. Analyses at both the phylum and genus levels showed global microbiome profile changes (permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA], P ≤ 0.05) over time but not with tomato consumption. These data suggest that short-term tomato consumption can beneficially influence the gut microbial profile, warranting further investigation in humans. IMPORTANCE The composition of the microorganisms in the gut is a contributor to overall health, prompting the development of strategies to alter the microbiome composition. Studies have investigated the role of the diet on the microbiome, as it is a major modifiable risk factor contributing to health; however, little is known about the causal effects of consumption of specific foods on the gut microbiota. A more complete understanding of how individual foods impact the microbiome will enable more evidence-based dietary recommendations for long-term health. Tomatoes are of interest as the most consumed nonstarchy vegetable and a common source of nutrients and phytochemicals across the world. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of short-term tomato consumption on the microbiome, using piglets as a physiologically relevant model to humans. We found that tomato consumption can positively affect the gut microbial profile, which warrants further investigation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory L. Goggans
- Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Emma A. Bilbrey
- Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - David M. Francis
- Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Jasna Kovac
- Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Microbiome Center, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica L. Cooperstone
- Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Dewsbury DMA, Renter DG, Bradford BJ, DeDonder KD, Mellencamp M, Cernicchiaro N. The application, value, and impact of outcomes research in animal health and veterinary medicine. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:972057. [DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.972057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Outcomes research is a relatively recent field of study in animal health and veterinary medicine despite being well-established in human medicine. As the field of animal health is broad-ranging in terms of animal species, objectives, research methodologies, design, analysis, values, and outcomes, there is inherent versatility in the application and impact of the discipline of outcomes research to a variety of stakeholders. The major themes of outcomes relevant to the animal health industry have been distilled down to include, but are not limited to, health, production, economics, and marketing. An outcomes research approach considers an element of value along with an outcome of interest, setting it apart from traditional research approaches. Elements of value are determined by the stakeholders' use of products and/or services that meet or exceed functional, emotional, life-changing, and/or societal needs. Stakeholder perception of value depends on many factors such as the purpose of the animal (e.g., companion vs. food production) and the stakeholder's role (e.g., veterinarian, client, pet-owner, producer, consumer, government official, industry representative, policy holder). Key areas of application of outcomes research principles include comparative medicine, veterinary product development, and post-licensure evaluation of veterinary pharmaceuticals and/or biologics. Topics currently trending in human healthcare outcomes research, such as drug pricing, precision medicine, or the use of real-world evidence, offer novel and interesting perspectives for addressing themes common to the animal health sector. An approach that evaluates the benefits of practices and interventions to veterinary patients and society while maximizing outcomes is paramount to combating many current and future scientific challenges where feeding the world, caring for our aging companion animals, and implementing novel technologies in companion animal medicine and in production animal agriculture are at the forefront of our industry goals.
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Lugarà R, Renner S, Wolf E, Liesegang A, Bruckmaier R, Giller K. Crossbred Sows Fed a Western Diet during Pre-Gestation, Gestation, Lactation, and Post-Lactation Periods Develop Signs of Lean Metabolic Syndrome That Are Partially Attenuated by Spirulina Supplementation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173574. [PMID: 36079836 PMCID: PMC9460909 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive dietary intake of fats and sugars (“Western diet”, WD) is one of the leading causes of obesity. The consumption of the microalga Arthrospira platensis (spirulina, Sp) is increasing due to its presumed health benefits. Both WD and Sp are also consumed by pregnant and breastfeeding women. This study investigated if gestating and lactating domestic pigs are an appropriate model for WD-induced metabolic disturbances similar to those observed in humans and if Sp supplementation may attenuate any of these adverse effects. Pigs were fed a WD high in fat, sugars, and cholesterol or a control diet. Half of the animals per diet group were supplemented with 20 g Sp per day. The WD did not increase body weight or adipose tissue accumulation but led to metabolic impairments such as higher cholesterol concentration in plasma, lower IGF1 plasma levels, and signs of hepatic damage compared to the control group. Spirulina supplementation could not reduce all the metabolic impairments observed in WD-fed animals. These findings indicate limited suitability of gestating and lactating domestic pigs as a model for WD but a certain potential of low-dose Sp supplementation to partially attenuate negative WD effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Lugarà
- Animal Nutrition, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 27, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Simone Renner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Gene Center, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Gene Center, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Liesegang
- Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rupert Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Giller
- Animal Nutrition, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 27, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-52-3549209
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9
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Kochetkova T, Groetsch A, Indermaur M, Peruzzi C, Remund S, Neuenschwander B, Bellon B, Michler J, Zysset P, Schwiedrzik J. Assessing minipig compact jawbone quality at the microscale. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 134:105405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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10
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Fanalli SL, da Silva BPM, Gomes JD, de Almeida VV, Freitas FAO, Moreira GCM, Silva-Vignato B, Afonso J, Reecy J, Koltes J, Koltes D, de Almeida Regitano LC, Garrick DJ, de Carvalho Balieiro JC, Meira AN, Freitas L, Coutinho LL, Fukumasu H, Mourão GB, de Alencar SM, Luchiari Filho A, Cesar ASM. Differential Gene Expression Associated with Soybean Oil Level in the Diet of Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131632. [PMID: 35804531 PMCID: PMC9265114 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Findings from the analysis of the pig transcriptome may help to better understand the biological mechanisms that can be modulated by the diet. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the differentially expressed genes from the skeletal muscle and liver samples of pigs fed diets with two different levels of soybean oil (1.5 or 3%). The FA profile in the tissues was modified by the diet mainly related to monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA). This nutrigenomics study verified the effect of different levels of soybean oil in the pig diet on the transcriptome profile of skeletal muscle and liver, where the higher level of soybean oil added to the diet led to a higher expression of genes targeting biological processes related to lipid oxidation and consequently to metabolic diseases and inflammation. Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEG) from the skeletal muscle and liver samples of animal models for metabolic diseases in humans. To perform the study, the fatty acid (FA) profile and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data of 35 samples of liver tissue (SOY1.5, n = 17 and SOY3.0, n = 18) and 36 samples of skeletal muscle (SOY1.5, n = 18 and SOY3.0, n = 18) of Large White pigs were analyzed. The FA profile of the tissues was modified by the diet, mainly those related to monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) FA. The skeletal muscle transcriptome analysis revealed 45 DEG (FDR 10%), and the functional enrichment analysis identified network maps related to inflammation, immune processes, and pathways associated with oxidative stress, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction. For the liver tissue, the transcriptome profile analysis revealed 281 DEG, which participate in network maps related to neurodegenerative diseases. With this nutrigenomics study, we verified that different levels of soybean oil in the pig diet, an animal model for metabolic diseases in humans, affected the transcriptome profile of skeletal muscle and liver tissue. These findings may help to better understand the biological mechanisms that can be modulated by the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simara Larissa Fanalli
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (S.L.F.); (B.P.M.d.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Bruna Pereira Martins da Silva
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (S.L.F.); (B.P.M.d.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Julia Dezen Gomes
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil; (J.D.G.); (F.A.O.F.); (B.S.-V.); (A.N.M.); (L.L.C.); (G.B.M.); (S.M.d.A.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Vivian Vezzoni de Almeida
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil;
| | - Felipe André Oliveira Freitas
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil; (J.D.G.); (F.A.O.F.); (B.S.-V.); (A.N.M.); (L.L.C.); (G.B.M.); (S.M.d.A.); (A.L.F.)
| | | | - Bárbara Silva-Vignato
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil; (J.D.G.); (F.A.O.F.); (B.S.-V.); (A.N.M.); (L.L.C.); (G.B.M.); (S.M.d.A.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Juliana Afonso
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos 70770-901, SP, Brazil; (J.A.); (L.C.d.A.R.)
| | - James Reecy
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (J.R.); (J.K.); (D.K.)
| | - James Koltes
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (J.R.); (J.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Dawn Koltes
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (J.R.); (J.K.); (D.K.)
| | | | - Dorian John Garrick
- AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding, Massey University, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand;
| | | | - Ariana Nascimento Meira
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil; (J.D.G.); (F.A.O.F.); (B.S.-V.); (A.N.M.); (L.L.C.); (G.B.M.); (S.M.d.A.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Luciana Freitas
- DB Genética de Suínos, Patos de Minas 38706-000, MG, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil; (J.D.G.); (F.A.O.F.); (B.S.-V.); (A.N.M.); (L.L.C.); (G.B.M.); (S.M.d.A.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (S.L.F.); (B.P.M.d.S.); (H.F.)
| | - Gerson Barreto Mourão
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil; (J.D.G.); (F.A.O.F.); (B.S.-V.); (A.N.M.); (L.L.C.); (G.B.M.); (S.M.d.A.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Severino Matias de Alencar
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil; (J.D.G.); (F.A.O.F.); (B.S.-V.); (A.N.M.); (L.L.C.); (G.B.M.); (S.M.d.A.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Albino Luchiari Filho
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil; (J.D.G.); (F.A.O.F.); (B.S.-V.); (A.N.M.); (L.L.C.); (G.B.M.); (S.M.d.A.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Aline Silva Mello Cesar
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (S.L.F.); (B.P.M.d.S.); (H.F.)
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, SP, Brazil; (J.D.G.); (F.A.O.F.); (B.S.-V.); (A.N.M.); (L.L.C.); (G.B.M.); (S.M.d.A.); (A.L.F.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Stockler JW, Jung SW, Kuca T, Bayne JE, Passler T. Curative balloon dilation of a severe esophageal stricture in a pig. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna W. Stockler
- Department of Clinical Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - Seung Woo Jung
- VCA West Coast Specialty and Emergency Animal Hospital Fountain Valley California USA
| | - Thibaud Kuca
- Cabinet vétérinaire des 3 Sapins Vaulruz Switzerland
| | - Jenna E. Bayne
- Department of Clinical Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - Thomas Passler
- Department of Clinical Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
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12
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Cañas-Gutiérrez A, Arboleda-Toro D, Monsalve-Vargas T, Castro-Herazo C, Meza-Meza J. Techniques for Bone Assessment and Characterization: Porcine Hard Palate Case Study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09626. [PMID: 35711972 PMCID: PMC9192817 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hard palate plate has an important structural function that separates the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx. Incomplete regeneration of palatal fistulae in children with a cleft palate deformity after primary palatoplasty is a relatively common complication. To date, the information about the physicochemical bone features of this region is deficient, due to the low availability of human samples. Swine and human bone share anatomical similarities. Specifically, pig bones are widely used as experimental animal models in dental, orthopedic, or surgical techniques. The aim of this study was to show different techniques to evaluate and characterize alternative properties of pig hard palate bone, compared to commercial hydroxyapatite, one of the most used biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration. Chemical analyses by Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) showed calcium and phosphate ions as the main constituents of bone, while magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium, and zinc ions were minor constituents. The calcium phosphate molar ratio (Ca/P) in the bone was low (1.1 ± 0.2) due to the very young specimen sample used. The FTIR spectrum shows the presence of phosphates ions (PO43-) and the main characteristics of collagen type I. The XRD results showed that the hard palate bone has a mixture of calcium, octacalcium dihydrogen phosphate (OCP), and apatite, where OCP is the predominant phase. Besides, this research demonstrated that the young bone has low crystallinity and small crystal size compared with commercial hydroxyapatite (HA). The palatine process of maxilla density and porosity data reported, suggest that the palate bone is getting closer to the compact bone with a 52.78 ± 2.91% porosity and their mechanical properties depend on the preparation conditions and the area of the bone analyzed.
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13
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Niu M, Zhao Y, Xiang L, Jia Y, Yuan J, Dai X, Chen H. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of gut microbiome in a mini-pig diabetes model. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 5:81-88. [PMID: 35213788 PMCID: PMC8879634 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, increasing attention is being paid to the important role of intestinal microbiome in diabetes. However, few studies have evaluated the characteristics of gut microbiome in diabetic miniature pigs, despite it being a good model animal for assessing diabetes. METHODS In this study, a mini-pig diabetes model (DM) was established by 9-month high-fat diet (HFD) combined with low-dose streptozotocin, while the animals fed standard chow diet constituted the control group. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing was performed to assess the characteristics of the intestinal microbiome in diabetic mini-pigs. RESULTS The results showed that microbial structure in diabetic mini-pigs was altered, reflected by increases in levels of Coprococcus_3 and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, which were positively correlated with diabetes, and decreases in levels of the bacteria Rikenellaceae, Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group, and Bacteroidales_RF16_group, which were inversely correlated with blood glucose and insulin resistance. Moreover, PICRUSt-predicted pathways related to the glycolysis and Entner-Doudoroff superpathway, enterobactin biosynthesis, and the l-tryptophan biosynthesis were significantly elevated in the DM group. CONCLUSION These results reveal the composition and predictive functions of the intestinal microbiome in the mini-pig diabetes model, further verifying the relationship between HFD, gut microbiome, and diabetes, and providing novel insights into the application of the mini-pig diabetes model in gut microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Niu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuqiong Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yunxiao Jia
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jifang Yuan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin Dai
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hua Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China
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14
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Spencer TE, Wells KD, Lee K, Telugu BP, Hansen PJ, Bartol FF, Blomberg L, Schook LB, Dawson H, Lunney JK, Driver JP, Davis TA, Donovan SM, Dilger RN, Saif LJ, Moeser A, McGill JL, Smith G, Ireland JJ. Future of biomedical, agricultural, and biological systems research using domesticated animals. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:629-638. [PMID: 35094055 PMCID: PMC9189970 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased knowledge of reproduction and health of domesticated animals is integral to sustain and improve global competitiveness of U.S. animal agriculture, understand and resolve complex animal and human diseases, and advance fundamental research in sciences that are critical to understanding mechanisms of action and identifying future targets for interventions. Historically, federal and state budgets have dwindled and funding for the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) competitive grants programs remained relatively stagnant from 1985 through 2010. This shortage in critical financial support for basic and applied research, coupled with the underappreciated knowledge of the utility of non-rodent species for biomedical research, hindered funding opportunities for research involving livestock and limited improvements in both animal agriculture and animal and human health. In 2010, the National Institutes of Health and USDA NIFA established an interagency partnership to promote the use of agriculturally important animal species in basic and translational research relevant to both biomedicine and agriculture. This interagency program supported 61 grants totaling over $107 million with 23 awards to new or early-stage investigators. This article will review the success of the 9-year Dual Purpose effort and highlight opportunities for utilizing domesticated agricultural animals in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Correspondence: Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. Tel: +15738823467; E-mail:
| | - Kevin D Wells
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kiho Lee
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bhanu P Telugu
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Frank F Bartol
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Cellular and Molecular Biosciences Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - LeAnn Blomberg
- The Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Lawrence B Schook
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Harry Dawson
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics & Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Joan K Lunney
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - John P Driver
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Teresa A Davis
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Ryan N Dilger
- The Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health Research, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Adam Moeser
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jodi L McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - George Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James J Ireland
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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15
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Vahedi SM, Salek Ardestani S, Karimi K, Banabazi MH. Weighted single-step GWAS for body mass index and scans for recent signatures of selection in Yorkshire pigs. J Hered 2022; 113:325-335. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Controlling extra fat deposition is economically favorable in modern swine industry. Understanding the genetic architecture of fat deposition traits such as body mass index (BMI) can help in improving genomic selection for such traits. We utilized a weighted single-step genome-wide association study (WssGWAS) to detect genetic regions and candidate genes associated with BMI in a Yorkshire pig population. Three extended haplotype homozygosity (EHH)-related statistics were also incorporated within a de-correlated composite of multiple signals (DCMS) framework to detect recent selection signatures signals. Overall, the full pedigree consisted of 7,016 pigs, of which 5,561 had BMI records and 598 pigs were genotyped with an 80 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Results showed that the most significant windows (top 15) explained 9.35% of BMI genetic variance. Several genes were detected in regions previously associated with pig fat deposition traits and treated as potential candidate genes for BMI in Yorkshire pigs: FTMT, SRFBP1, KHDRBS3, FOXG1, SOD3, LRRC32, TSKU, ACER3, B3GNT6, CCDC201, ADCY1, RAMP3, TBRG4, CCM2. Signature of selection analysis revealed multiple candidate genes previously associated with various economic traits. However, BMI genetic variance explained by regions under selection pressure was minimal (1.31%). In conclusion, candidate genes associated with Yorkshire pigs’ BMI trait were identified using WssGWAS. Gene enrichment analysis indicated that the identified candidate genes were enriched in the insulin secretion pathway. We anticipate that these results further advance our understanding of the genetic architecture of BMI in Yorkshire pigs and provide information for genomic selection for fat deposition in this breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Milad Vahedi
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | | | - Karim Karimi
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hossein Banabazi
- Department of Biotechnology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
- Department of animal breeding and genetics (HGEN), Centre for Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (VHC), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Herrera-Marcos LV, Martínez-Beamonte R, Macías-Herranz M, Arnal C, Barranquero C, Puente-Lanzarote JJ, Gascón S, Herrero-Continente T, Gonzalo-Romeo G, Alastrué-Vera V, Gutiérrez-Blázquez D, Lou-Bonafonte JM, Surra JC, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ, García-Gil A, Güemes A, Osada J. Hepatic galectin-3 is associated with lipid droplet area in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a new swine model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1024. [PMID: 35046474 PMCID: PMC8770509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently a growing epidemic disease that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatic cancer when it evolves into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a gap not well understood. To characterize this disease, pigs, considered to be one of the most similar to human experimental animal models, were used. To date, all swine-based settings have been carried out using rare predisposed breeds or long-term experiments. Herein, we fully describe a new experimental swine model for initial and reversible NASH using cross-bred animals fed on a high saturated fat, fructose, cholesterol, cholate, choline and methionine-deficient diet. To gain insight into the hepatic transcriptome that undergoes steatosis and steatohepatitis, we used RNA sequencing. This process significantly up-regulated 976 and down-regulated 209 genes mainly involved in cellular processes. Gene expression changes of 22 selected transcripts were verified by RT-qPCR. Lipid droplet area was positively associated with CD68, GPNMB, LGALS3, SLC51B and SPP1, and negatively with SQLE expressions. When these genes were tested in a second experiment of NASH reversion, LGALS3, SLC51B and SPP1 significantly decreased their expression. However, only LGALS3 was associated with lipid droplet areas. Our results suggest a role for LGALS3 in the transition of NAFLD to NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis V Herrera-Marcos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Roberto Martínez-Beamonte
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Macías-Herranz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Arnal
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Barranquero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Puente-Lanzarote
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica. Hospital, Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sonia Gascón
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología, Medicina Legal y Forense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Herrero-Continente
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Gonzalo-Romeo
- Servicio General de Apoyo a la Investigación. División de Experimentación Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - José M Lou-Bonafonte
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología, Medicina Legal y Forense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín C Surra
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Rodríguez-Yoldi
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología, Medicina Legal y Forense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín García-Gil
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Güemes
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón-Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. .,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Ahmed S, Travis SD, Díaz-Bahamonde FV, Porter DDL, Henry SN, Mykins J, Ravipati A, Booker A, Ju J, Ding H, Ramesh AK, Pickrell AM, Wang M, LaConte S, Howell BR, Yuan L, Morton PD. Early Influences of Microbiota on White Matter Development in Germ-Free Piglets. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:807170. [PMID: 35027884 PMCID: PMC8751630 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.807170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as the underlying white matter (WM) tracts, lie at the intersection of many neurodevelopmental disorders. The influence of microorganisms on brain development has recently been brought into the clinical and research spotlight as alterations in commensal microbiota are implicated in such disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety via the gut-brain axis. In addition, gut dysbiosis is common in preterm birth patients who often display diffuse WM injury and delayed WM maturation in critical tracts including those within the PFC and corpus callosum. Microbial colonization of the gut aligns with ongoing postnatal processes of oligodendrogenesis and the peak of brain myelination in humans; however, the influence of microbiota on gyral WM development remains elusive. Here, we develop and validate a neonatal germ-free swine model to address these issues, as piglets share key similarities in WM volume, developmental trajectories, and distribution to humans. We find significant region-specific reductions, and sexually dimorphic trends, in WM volume, oligodendrogenesis, and mature oligodendrocyte numbers in germ-free piglets during a key postnatal epoch of myelination. Our findings indicate that microbiota plays a critical role in promoting WM development during early life when the brain is vulnerable to environmental insults that can result in an array of disabilities manifesting later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ahmed
- Graduate Studies in Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Sierrah D Travis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Francisca V Díaz-Bahamonde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Demisha D L Porter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Sara N Henry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Julia Mykins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Aditya Ravipati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Aryn Booker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jing Ju
- Graduate Studies in Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Hanzhang Ding
- Virginia Tech Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Ashwin K Ramesh
- Graduate Studies in Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Alicia M Pickrell
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Maosen Wang
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion (VTC), Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Stephen LaConte
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion (VTC), Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Brittany R Howell
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion (VTC), Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Lijuan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Paul D Morton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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GORIOS FILHO ANTONIO, SANTOS GUSTAVOBISPODOS, GUARNIERO JOSÉROBERTOBEVILACQUA, ANGELI LUIZRENATOAGRIZZIDE, GRANGEIRO PATRICIAMORENO, GUARNIERO ROBERTO. EXPERIMENTAL MODEL STUDY OF ISCHEMIC NECROSIS INDUCTION OF THE GROWING FEMORAL HEAD. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2022; 30:e247996. [PMID: 35719181 PMCID: PMC9177061 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220223002247996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many experimental models exist to better understand the necrosis of the femoral
head etiology, both in terms of the species variety in which necrosis is induced
and in the operative techniques used for treatment.
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19
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Shashikadze B, Flenkenthaler F, Stöckl JB, Valla L, Renner S, Kemter E, Wolf E, Fröhlich T. Developmental Effects of (Pre-)Gestational Diabetes on Offspring: Systematic Screening Using Omics Approaches. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1991. [PMID: 34946940 PMCID: PMC8701487 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, gestational diabetes affects 2-25% of pregnancies. Due to related disturbances of the maternal metabolism during the periconceptional period and pregnancy, children bear an increased risk for future diseases. It is well known that an aberrant intrauterine environment caused by elevated maternal glucose levels is related to elevated risks for increased birth weights and metabolic disorders in later life, such as obesity or type 2 diabetes. The complexity of disturbances induced by maternal diabetes, with multiple underlying mechanisms, makes early diagnosis or prevention a challenging task. Omics technologies allowing holistic quantification of several classes of molecules from biological fluids, cells, or tissues are powerful tools to systematically investigate the effects of maternal diabetes on the offspring in an unbiased manner. Differentially abundant molecules or distinct molecular profiles may serve as diagnostic biomarkers, which may also support the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize key findings from state-of-the-art Omics studies addressing the impact of maternal diabetes on offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachuki Shashikadze
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (B.S.); (F.F.); (J.B.S.)
| | - Florian Flenkenthaler
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (B.S.); (F.F.); (J.B.S.)
| | - Jan B. Stöckl
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (B.S.); (F.F.); (J.B.S.)
| | - Libera Valla
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.V.); (S.R.); (E.K.)
| | - Simone Renner
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.V.); (S.R.); (E.K.)
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.V.); (S.R.); (E.K.)
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (B.S.); (F.F.); (J.B.S.)
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.V.); (S.R.); (E.K.)
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (B.S.); (F.F.); (J.B.S.)
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20
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Use of Agriculturally Important Animals as Models in Biomedical Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1354:315-333. [PMID: 34807449 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85686-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Livestock have contributed significantly to advances in biomedicine and offer unique advantages over rodent models. The human is the ideal biomedical model; however, ethical reasons limit the testing of hypotheses and treatments in humans. Rodent models are frequently used as alternatives to humans due to size, low cost, and ease of genetic manipulation, and have contributed tremendously to our understanding of human health and disease. However, the use of rodents in translational research pose challenges for researchers due to physiological differences to humans. The use of livestock species as biomedical models can address these challenges as livestock have several similarities to human anatomy, physiology, genetics, and metabolism and their larger size permits collection of more frequent and often larger samples. Additionally, recent advances in genetics in livestock species allow for studies in genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, which have the added benefit of applications to both humans in biomedical research and livestock in improving production. In this review, we provide an overview of scientific findings using livestock and benefits of each model to the livestock industry and to biomedical research.
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21
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Hallowell HA, Higgins KV, Roberts M, Johnson RM, Bayne J, Maxwell HS, Brandebourg T, Hiltbold Schwartz E. Longitudinal Analysis of the Intestinal Microbiota in the Obese Mangalica Pig Reveals Alterations in Bacteria and Bacteriophage Populations Associated With Changes in Body Composition and Diet. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:698657. [PMID: 34737972 PMCID: PMC8560744 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.698657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its immunomodulatory potential, the intestinal microbiota has been implicated as a contributing factor in the development of the meta-inflammatory state that drives obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A better understanding of this link would facilitate the development of targeted treatments and therapies to treat the metabolic complications of obesity. To this end, we validated and utilized a novel swine model of obesity, the Mangalica pig, to characterize changes in the gut microbiota during the development of an obese phenotype, and in response to dietary differences. In the first study, we characterized the metabolic phenotype and gut microbiota in lean and obese adult Mangalica pigs. Obese or lean groups were created by allowing either ad libitum (obese) or restricted (lean) access to a standard diet for 54 weeks. Mature obese pigs were significantly heavier and exhibited 170% greater subcutaneous adipose tissue mass, with no differences in muscle mass compared to their lean counterparts. Obese pigs displayed impaired glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia following oral glucose challenge, indicating that a metabolic phenotype also manifested with changes in body composition. Consistent with observations in human obesity, the gut microbiota of obese pigs displayed altered bacterial composition. In the second study, we characterized the longitudinal changes in the gut microbiota in response to diet and aging in growing Mangalica pigs that were either limit fed a standard diet, allowed ad libitum access to a standard diet, or allowed ad libitum access to a high fat-supplemented diet over an 18-week period. As expected, weight gain was highest in pigs fed the high fat diet compared to ad libitum and limit fed groups. Furthermore, the ad libitum and high fat groups displayed significantly greater adiposity consistent with the development of obesity relative to the limit fed pigs. The intestinal microbiota was generally resilient to differences in dietary intake (limit fed vs ad libitum), though changes in the microbiota of pigs fed the high fat diet mirrored changes observed in mature obese pigs during the first study. This is consistent with the link observed between the microbiota and adiposity. In contrast to intestinal bacterial populations, bacteriophage populations within the gut microbiota responded rapidly to differences in diet, with significant compositional changes in bacteriophage genera observed between the dietary treatment groups as pigs aged. These studies are the first to describe the development of the intestinal microbiota in the Mangalica pig, and are the first to provide evidence that changes in body composition and dietary conditions are associated with changes in the microbiome of this novel porcine model of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley A Hallowell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Keah V Higgins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Morgan Roberts
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Robert M Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Jenna Bayne
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Herris Stevens Maxwell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Terry Brandebourg
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Elizabeth Hiltbold Schwartz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn, AL, United States
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22
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Translational model of vein graft failure following coronary artery bypass graft in atherosclerotic microswine. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 70:445-454. [PMID: 34699002 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-021-01725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vein graft failure is a major complication following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. There is no translational model to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying vein-graft failure. We established a clinically relevant bypass graft model to investigate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of vein-graft failure and identify molecular targets for novel therapies. METHODS Six female Yucatan microswine fed with high cholesterol diet underwent off-pump bypass, using superficial epigastric vein graft, which was anastomosed to an internal mammary artery and distal left anterior descending artery. Vein-graft patency was examined 10-months after bypass surgery by echocardiography, coronary angiography, and optical coherence tomography followed by euthanasia. Coronary tissues were collected for histomorphometry studies. RESULTS Atherosclerotic microswine were highly susceptible to sudden ventricular fibrillation with any cardiac intervention. Two out of six animals died during surgery due to ventricular fibrillation. Selection of the anesthetics and titration of their doses with careful use of inotropic drugs were the key to successful swine cardiac anesthesia. The hypotensive effects of amiodarone and the incidence of arrhythmia were avoided by the administration of magnesium sulfate. The vein-graft control tissue displayed intact endothelium with well-organized medial layer. The grafted vessels revealed complete occlusion and were covered with fibrous tissues. Expression of CD31 in the graft was irregular as the layers were not clearly defined due to fibrosis. CONCLUSION This model represents the clinical vein-graft failure and offers a novel platform to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of vein-graft disease and investigate novel therapeutic approaches to prevent its progression.
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Clouard C, Reimert I, Fleming SA, Koopmans SJ, Schuurman T, Hauser J. Dietary sialylated oligosaccharides in early-life may promote cognitive flexibility during development in context of obesogenic dietary intake. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2461-2478. [PMID: 34565309 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1975877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Oligosaccharides found in mammalian milk have shown the potential to alter brain development across multiple species. The diversity and concentration of these oligosaccharides is species-specific and varies greatly between individuals, thus understanding their role in cognitive development is warranted. We investigated the impact of early life dietary fucosylated/neutral or sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) on behaviours in tasks assessing anxiety, motivation, appetite, learning, and memory.Methods: Sixty-four female Göttingen minipigs were artificially reared from 2 weeks postnatal and provided milk replacers. The study used four groups: no additional oligosaccharides (Con), fucosylated and neutral oligosaccharides (FN, 4 g/L), sialylated oligosaccharides (SL, 0.68 g/L), or both FN and SL (FN + SL, 4 g/L) from 2 to 11 weeks postnatal. One reference group was sow-reared. Weaning occurred between 10 and 11 weeks postnatal, and thereafter an obesogenic diet was provided. Behavioral tasks were conducted over three periods: 1) 0-11 weeks; 2) 16-29 weeks; 3) 39-45 weeks. Tasks included a spatial holeboard task, open field task, exposure to a novel object, runway task, single-feed task, and home pen behaviour observation.Results: In the holeboard, the SL group demonstrated improved reference memory during reversal trials between 16-29 weeks. All groups demonstrated equivalent behavior in open field, novel object, runway, and single-feed tasks, as well as in their home pens (Ps > 0.05).Discussion: These results suggest that early life dietary intake of sialylated oligosaccharides may provide an improvement to cognition during the equivalent developmental stage of adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Clouard
- Department of Animal Sciences, Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - Inonge Reimert
- Department of Animal Sciences, Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Sietse-Jan Koopmans
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - Teun Schuurman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jonas Hauser
- Brain Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Peng J, Wu M, Doycheva DM, He Y, Huang Q, Chen W, Matei N, Ding J, Chen K, Xu N, Zhou Z. Establishment of Carotid Artery Dissection and MRI Findings in a Swine Model. Front Neurol 2021; 12:669276. [PMID: 34220678 PMCID: PMC8242238 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.669276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery dissection (CAD) is the leading cause of ischemic stroke in young patients; however, the etiology and pathophysiology of CAD remain largely unknown. In our study, two types of dissections (length × width: 1.5 cm × 1/3 circumference of intima, Group I, n = 6; or 1.5 cm × 2/3 circumference of intima, Group II, n = 6) were created between the media and intima. Ultrasound (within 2 h after dissection) showed a dissociated intima in the lumen and obstructed blood flow in the surgical area. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA, 72 h after dissection), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 72 h after dissection), and hematoxylin–eosin (H&E, 7 days after dissection) staining confirmed stenosis (33.67 ± 5.66%) in Group I and total occlusion in Group II. In 10 out of 12 swine, the CAD model was established using a detacher and balloon dilation, and morphological outcomes (stenosis or occlusion) after CAD were determined by the size of intimal incision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Peng
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Desislava Met Doycheva
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Yi He
- Department of Microsurgery, Chongqing Hengsheng Surgical Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiongzhen Huang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nathanael Matei
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kangning Chen
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ningbo Xu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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25
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Bisker C, Taylor G, Carney H, Ralebitso-Senior TK. A Combined Application of Molecular Microbial Ecology and Elemental Analyses Can Advance the Understanding of Decomposition Dynamics. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.605817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducing animal carbon-source to soil initiates biochemical and microbial processes that lead to its decomposition and recycling, which subsequently cause successional shifts in soil microbial community. To investigate the use of soil microbial community to inform criminal investigation, this study was designed to mimic clandestine graves. It compared the decomposition of stillborn piglets (Sus scrofa domesticus), as human analogues, to oak (Quercus robur) leaf litter and soil-only controls outdoors for 720 days. Environmental and edaphic parameters were monitored and showed soil microbial community alignment with temperature seasonality, which highlighted the importance of this abiotic factor. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) data were used to calculate Hill numbers and diversity indices of the bacterial 16S rRNA community did not distinguish mammalian- from plant-based decomposition consistently during the first or second year of the study. In contrast, the fungal 18S rRNA community allowed clear differentiation between different treatments (beta diversity) throughout the 720-day experiment and suggested the moment of the decomposing mammalian skin rupture. 16S rRNA-based NGS facilitated the identification of e.g., Pirellulaceae, Acidobacteria ii1-15_order and Candidatus xiphinematobacter as Year 2 bacterial markers of gravesoil at family, order and species taxonomic levels, respectively, and confirmed the similarity of the calculated Hill diversity metrics with those derived from DGGE profiling. Parallel soil elemental composition was measured by portable X-ray Fluorescence where calcium profiles for the piglet-associated soils were distinct from those without carrion. Also, soil calcium content and PMI correlated positively during the first year then negatively during the second. This study is one of the first to apply a multidisciplinary approach based on molecular and physicochemical analytical techniques to assess decomposition. It highlights the recognised potential of using soil microbial community in forensic investigations and provides a proof-of-concept for the application of a combined molecular and elemental approach to further understand the dynamics of decomposition. In addition, it sets the scene for further research in different conditions based on Hill numbers metrics instead of the classic ecological indices for soil necrobiome richness, diversity and evenness.
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Allais L, Brisebard E, Ravas N, Briffaux JP, Pallardy M. Skin immune cell characterization in juvenile and adult Göttingen Minipigs. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 120:104861. [PMID: 33417970 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The skin hosts a sophisticated immune system involving responses from both innate and adaptive immune cell populations. Swine skin is close to human skin by its structure, composition and function. In addition, the minipig is considered the model of choice in toxicology studies for drugs applied by the dermal route and developed for both the adult and paediatric indications. However, knowledge on the skin immune system in minipigs, particularly in Göttingen Minipigs, is still limited. The objective of our work was first to characterize the main skin immune populations (Langerhans cells, dermal dendritic cells, macrophages and T lymphocytes) in Göttingen Minipigs. In parallel, we compared the skin immune populations from healthy and immunocompromised piglets following oral treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA) at 10 mg/kg/day. We also explored other pathological conditions using a contact dermatitis model in minipigs challenged with a sensitizer, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Langerhans cells and dermal MHCIIlowCD163+ cells were increased one month after oral treatment with CsA at 10 mg/kg/day. The contact dermatitis model in Göttingen Minipigs challenged by DNCB suggested migration of Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells as well as T cell recruitment into the skin. These data bring new information in skin immunotoxicology in Göttingen Minipigs and could contribute to a better understanding of the effects of new therapeutic drugs on the developing immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marc Pallardy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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A novel method for isolation and culture of primary swine gastric epithelial cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:1. [PMID: 33407092 PMCID: PMC7789315 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Culturing primary epithelial cells has a major advantage over tumor-derived or immortalized cell lines as long as their functional phenotype and genetic makeup are mainly maintained. The swine model has shown to be helpful and reliable when used as a surrogate model for human diseases. Several porcine cell lines have been established based on a variety of tissues, which have shown to extensively contribute to the current understanding of several pathologies, especially cancer. However, protocols for the isolation and culture of swine gastric epithelial cells that preserve cell phenotype are rather limited. We aimed to develop a new method for establishing a primary epithelial cell culture from the fundic gland region of the pig stomach. RESULTS Mechanical and enzymatic dissociation of gastric tissue was possible by combining collagenase type I and dispase II, protease inhibitors and antioxidants, which allowed the isolation of epithelial cells from the porcine fundic glands showing cell viability > 90% during the incubation period. Gastric epithelial cells cultured in RPMI 1640, DMEM-HG and DMEM/F12 media did not contribute enough to cell adhesion, cluster formation and cell proliferation. By contrast, William's E medium supplemented with growth factors supports confluency and proliferation of a pure epithelial cell monolayer after 10 days of incubation at 37 °C, 5% CO2. Mucin-producing cell phenotype of primary isolates was confirmed by PAS staining, MUC1 by immunohistochemistry, as well as the expression of MUC1 and MUC20 genes by RT-PCR and cDNA sequencing. Swine gastric epithelial cells also showed origin-specific markers such as cytokeratin cocktail (AE1/AE3) and cytokeratin 18 (CK-18) using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence methods, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A new method was successfully established for the isolation of primary gastric epithelial cells from the fundic gland zone through a swine model based on a combination of tissue-specific proteases, protease inhibitors and antioxidants after mechanical cell dissociation. The formulation of William's E medium with growth factors for epithelial cells contributes to cell adhesion and preserves functional primary cells phenotype, which is confirmed by mucin production and expression of typical epithelial markers over time.
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28
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Soret PA, Magusto J, Housset C, Gautheron J. In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Critical Appraisal. J Clin Med 2020; 10:jcm10010036. [PMID: 33374435 PMCID: PMC7794936 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), represents the hepatic manifestation of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Due to the spread of the obesity epidemic, NAFLD is becoming the most common chronic liver disease and one of the principal indications for liver transplantation. However, no pharmacological treatment is currently approved to prevent the outbreak of NASH, which leads to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Preclinical research is required to improve our knowledge of NAFLD physiopathology and to identify new therapeutic targets. In the present review, we summarize advances in NAFLD preclinical models from cellular models, including new bioengineered platforms, to in vivo models, with a particular focus on genetic and dietary mouse models. We aim to discuss the advantages and limits of these different models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Antoine Soret
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France; (P.-A.S.); (J.M.); (C.H.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hepatology Department, Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Julie Magusto
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France; (P.-A.S.); (J.M.); (C.H.)
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Chantal Housset
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France; (P.-A.S.); (J.M.); (C.H.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hepatology Department, Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 75012 Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, 75012 Paris, France; (P.-A.S.); (J.M.); (C.H.)
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Response of adult stem cell populations to a high-fat/high-fiber diet in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of growing pigs divergently selected for feed efficiency. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:2397-2408. [PMID: 33125577 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The control of body composition by genetics and dietary nutrients is of the upmost importance for both human and animal physiology. Adult stem cells (aSC) may represent a relevant level of tissue adaptation. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of macronutrient composition on aSC populations isolated from adipose tissue or muscle in growing pigs. METHODS Pigs from two lines divergently selected for feed efficiency were fed ad libitum either a high-fat/high-fiber (HF) diet or a low-fat/low-fiber (LF) diet (n = 6 per line and diet) from 74 to 132 days of age. Stroma vascular cells were isolated from adipose tissue and muscle and characterized with cell surface markers. RESULTS In both lines, pigs fed the HF diet exhibited a reduced adiposity (P < 0.001) compared with pigs fed the LF diet. In the four groups, CD90 and PDGFRα markers were predominantly expressed in adipose cells, whereas CD90 and CD56 markers were highly expressed in muscle cells. In adipose tissue, the proportions of CD56+/PDGFRα + and of CD90+/PDGFRα + cells were lower (P < 0.05) in HF pigs than in LF pigs. On the opposite, in muscle, these proportions were higher (P < 0.001) in HF pigs. CONCLUSION This study indicates that dietary nutrients affected the relative proportions of CD56+/PDGFRα + cells with opposite effects between muscle and adipose tissue. These cell populations exhibiting adipogenic potential in adipose tissue and myogenic potential in muscle may be a target to modulate body composition.
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Short-Term Effects of Early Menopause on Adiposity, Fatty Acids Profile and Insulin Sensitivity of a Swine Model of Female Obesity. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090284. [PMID: 32932852 PMCID: PMC7565410 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Menopause strongly increases incidence and consequences of obesity and non-communicable diseases in women, with recent research suggesting a very early onset of changes in lipid accumulation, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. However, there is a lack of adequate preclinical models for its study. The present trial evaluated the usefulness of an alternative method to surgical ovariectomy, the administration of two doses of a GnRH analogue-protein conjugate (Vacsincel®), for inducing ovarian inactivity in sows used as preclinical models of obesity and menopause. All the sows treated with the compound developed ovarian stoppage after the second dose and, when exposed to obesogenic diets during the following three months, showed changes in the patterns of fat deposition, in the fatty acids profiles at the different tissues and in the plasma concentrations of fructosamine, urea, β-hydroxibutirate, and haptoglobin when compared to obese fed with the same diet but maintaining ovarian activity. Altogether, these results indicate that menopause early augments the deleterious effects induced by overfeeding and obesity on metabolic traits, paving the way for future research on physiopathology of these conditions and possible therapeutic targets using the swine model.
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Jové M, Tibau J, Serrano JCE, Berdún R, Rodríguez-Palmero M, Font-i-Furnols M, Cassanyé A, Rodriguez-Mortera R, Sol J, Rassendren H, Fàbrega E, Crescenti A, Castell A, Sabater M, Ortega FJ, Martin-Gari M, Quintanilla R, Puigjaner J, Moreno JA, Prat J, Arola L, Fernández-Real JM, Pamplona R, Portero-Otin M. Molecular phenomics of a high-calorie diet-induced porcine model of prepubertal obesity. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 83:108393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Compression and stretch sensitive submucosal neurons of the porcine and human colon. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13791. [PMID: 32796868 PMCID: PMC7428018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The pig is commonly believed to be a relevant model for human gut functions-however, there are only a few comparative studies and none on neural control mechanisms. To address this lack we identified as one central aspect mechanosensitive enteric neurons (MEN) in porcine and human colon. We used neuroimaging techniques to record responses to tensile or compressive forces in submucous neurons. Compression and stretch caused Ca-transients and immediate spike discharge in 5-11% of porcine and 15-24% of human enteric neurons. The majority of these MEN exclusively responded to either stimulus quality but about 9% responded to both. Most of the MEN expressed choline acetyltransferase and substance P; nitric oxide synthase-positive MEN primarily occurred in distal colon. The findings reveal common features of MEN in human and pig colon which we interpret as a result of species-independent evolutionary conservation rather than a specific functional proximity between the two species.
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33
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Yang C, Song G, Lim W. Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals in pigs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114505. [PMID: 32268228 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that interfere with the expression, synthesis, and activity of hormones in organisms. They are released into the environment from flame retardants and products containing plasticizers. Persistent pesticides, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorobenzene, also disrupt the endocrine system through interaction with hormone receptors. Endogenous hormones, such as 17β-estradiol (E2), are released in the urine and feces of farm animals and seep into terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems through sewage. Pigs are widely used as animal models to determine the effects of EDCs because they are physiologically, biochemically, and histologically similar to humans. EDCs primarily disrupt the reproductive and nervous systems of pigs. Moreover, embryonic development during the prenatal and early postnatal periods is particularly sensitive to EDCs. Mycotoxins, such as zearalenone, are food contaminants that alter hormonal activities in pigs. Mycotoxins also alter the innate immune system in pigs, making them vulnerable to diseases. It has been reported that farm animals are exposed to various types of EDCs, which accumulate in tissues, such as those of gonads, livers, and intestines. There is a lack of an integrated understanding of the impact of EDCs on porcine reproduction and development. Thus, this article aims to provide a comprehensive review of literature regarding the effects of EDCs in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Yang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
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de Oliveira PGFP, Bonfante EA, Bergamo ETP, de Souza SLS, Riella L, Torroni A, Benalcazar Jalkh EB, Witek L, Lopez CD, Zambuzzi WF, Coelho PG. Obesity/Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus on Peri-implantitis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:596-610. [PMID: 32591106 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Literature has reported that up to 50% of dental implants may be affected by peri-implantitis, a bacteria-induced chronic inflammatory process, which promotes osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and inhibits bone formation, leading to progressive bone loss around implants. Current evidence points toward an increased risk for the development of peri-implantitis in both obesity/metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes mellitus (DM) conditions relative to the healthy population. Currently, there is no effective treatment for peri-implantitis and the 50% prevalence in MetS and DM, along with its predicted increase in the worldwide population, presents a major concern in implant dentistry as hyperglycemic conditions are associated with bone-healing impairment; this may be through dysfunction of osteocalcin-induced glucose metabolism. The MetS/DM proinflammatory systemic condition and altered immune/microbiome response affect both catabolic and anabolic events of bone-healing that include increased osteoclastogenesis and compromised osteoblast activity, which could be explained by the dysfunction of insulin receptor that led to activation of signals related with osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, chronic hyperglycemia along with associated micro- and macro-vascular ailments leads to delayed/impaired wound healing due to activation of pathways that are particularly important in initiating events linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis; this may be through deactivation of AKT/PKB protein, which possesses a pivotal role in drive survival and eNOS signaling. This review presents an overview of the local and systemic mechanisms synergistically affecting bone-healing impairment in MetS/DM individuals, as well as a rationale for hierarchical animal model selection, in an effort to characterize peri-implantitis disease and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gabriela Faciola Pessôa de Oliveira
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University Center of State of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil
| | - Estevam A Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Edmara T P Bergamo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luis Scombatti de Souza
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Riella
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Torroni
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Health School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ernesto B Benalcazar Jalkh
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Christopher D Lopez
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Willian Fernando Zambuzzi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Bioscience Institute (IBB), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA; Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Health School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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A direct comparison of mouse and human intestinal development using epithelial gene expression patterns. Pediatr Res 2020; 88:66-76. [PMID: 31242501 PMCID: PMC6930976 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants are susceptible to unique pathology due to their immaturity. Mouse models are commonly used to study immature intestinal disease, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Current NEC models are performed at a variety of ages, but data directly comparing intestinal developmental stage equivalency between mice and humans are lacking. METHODS Small intestines were harvested from C57BL/6 mice at 3-4 days intervals from birth to P28 (n = 8 at each age). Preterm human small intestine samples representing 17-23 weeks of completed gestation were obtained from the University of Pittsburgh Health Sciences Tissue Bank, and at term gestation during reanastamoses after resection for NEC (n = 4-7 at each age). Quantification of intestinal epithelial cell types and messenger RNA for marker genes were evaluated on both species. RESULTS Overall, murine and human developmental trends over time are markedly similar. Murine intestine prior to P10 is most similar to human fetal intestine prior to viability. Murine intestine at P14 is most similar to human intestine at 22-23 weeks completed gestation, and P28 murine intestine is most similar to human term intestine. CONCLUSION Use of C57BL/6J mice to model the human immature intestine is reasonable, but the age of mouse chosen is a critical factor in model development.
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The Influence of a Hyperglycemic Condition on the Population of Somatostatin Enteric Neurons in the Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010142. [PMID: 31952333 PMCID: PMC7022948 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (SOM) is the most common agent in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that is involved in the regulation of several gastric functions, as well as in gastric disorders. Hyperglycemia, which develops as a consequence of improperly treated diabetes, can cause numerous disturbances in the appropriate functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. High glucose level is toxic to neurons. One of the lines of defense of neurons against this glucotoxicity are changes in their chemical coding. To better understood the role of SOM secreted by enteric neurons in neuronal response on elevated glucose level, pancreatic β cells were destroyed using streptozotocin. Due to the close similarity of the pig to humans, especially the GI tract, the current study used pigs as an animal model. The results revealed that the number of enteric neurons immunoreactive to SOM (SOM-IR) in a physiological state clearly depend on the part of the GI tract studied. In turn, experimentally induced diabetes caused changes in the number of SOM-IR neurons. The least visible changes were observed in the stomach, where an increase in SOM-IR neurons was observed, only in the submucosal plexus in the corpus. However, diabetes led to an increase in the population of myenteric and submucosal neurons immunoreactive to SOM in all segments of the small intestine. The opposite situation occurred in the descending colon, where a decrease in the number of SOM-IR neurons was visible. This study underlines the significant role of SOM expressed in enteric nervous system neurons during diabetes.
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37
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Leng B, Sørensen MB, Kot W, Thymann T, Krych L, Nielsen DS. Severe gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by malnourishment can be partly restored during 3 weeks of refeeding with fortified corn-soy-blend in a piglet model of childhood malnutrition. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:277. [PMID: 31823731 PMCID: PMC6902335 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood malnutrition is a global health challenge associated with multiple adverse consequences, including delayed maturation of the gut microbiota (GM) which might induce long-term immune dysfunction and stunting. To understand GM dynamics during malnutrition and subsequent re-feeding, we used a piglet model with a malnutrition-induced phenotype similar to humans. Piglets were weaned at the age of 4 weeks, fed a nutritionally optimal diet for 1 week post-weaning before being fed a pure maize diet for 7 weeks to induce symptoms of malnutrition. After malnourishment, the piglets were re-fed using different regimes all based on general food aid products, namely Corn-Soy blend (CSB) fortified with phosphorus (CSB+), CSB fortified with phosphorus and skim milk powder (CSB++) and CSB fortified with phosphorus and added whey permeate (CSB + P). RESULTS Malnourishment had profound impact on the GM of the piglets leading to a less diverse GM dominated especially by Akkermansia spp. as determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. All three re-feeding regimes partly restored GM, leading to a more diverse GM compositionally closer to that of well-nourished piglets. This effect was even more pronounced for CSB++ compared to CSB+ and CSB + P. CONCLUSION The GM of piglets were profoundly disturbed by malnourishment resulting in significantly increased abundance of Akkermansia spp. CSB++ may have superior effect on recovering GM diversity compared to the two other food aid products used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfeng Leng
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Maria B. Sørensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Witold Kot
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas Thymann
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section for Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lukasz Krych
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dennis S. Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Lee YJ, Li KY, Wang PJ, Huang HW, Chen MJ. Alleviating chronic kidney disease progression through modulating the critical genus of gut microbiota in a cisplatin-induced Lanyu pig model. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 28:103-114. [PMID: 31883598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of Probiotic mix 1 (Pm1) with Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum, Lactobacillusparacasei subsp. paracasei, and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus on preventing renal injury using a chronic kidney disease (CKD) minipig model previously developed in our lab using cisplatin-induced CKD in Lanyu pigs. The results indicated that the high dosage Pm1 (H.Pm1) group demonstrated lower incidence of lesions, including atrophy, mononuclear inflammation, cell infiltration, and interstitial fibrosis in renal tubules in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome stain. We further systematically investigated the preventing effect of Pm1. The H.Pm1 group decreased inflammatory cytokines production and increased the level of superoxide dismutase activity in plasma. The pigs fed with high dosage of Pm1 group also showed reduced both creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) when compared with the cisplatin group. Microbiota results indicated that Pm1-intervention not only reduced the abundance of Gram-negative bacteria but also affected the abundance of specific genera biomarkers, Anaerovibrio, possible_genus_SK018, Holdemanella, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010 in gut microbiota, leading to decreased inflammation and apoptosis in the kidney and further prevention/alleviation of the symptoms of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jane Lee
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Jhu Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Renner S, Martins AS, Streckel E, Braun-Reichhart C, Backman M, Prehn C, Klymiuk N, Bähr A, Blutke A, Landbrecht-Schessl C, Wünsch A, Kessler B, Kurome M, Hinrichs A, Koopmans SJ, Krebs S, Kemter E, Rathkolb B, Nagashima H, Blum H, Ritzmann M, Wanke R, Aigner B, Adamski J, Hrabě de Angelis M, Wolf E. Mild maternal hyperglycemia in INS C93S transgenic pigs causes impaired glucose tolerance and metabolic alterations in neonatal offspring. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.039156. [PMID: 31308048 PMCID: PMC6737953 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alongside the obesity epidemic, the prevalence of maternal diabetes is rising worldwide, and adverse effects on fetal development and metabolic disturbances in the offspring's later life have been described. To clarify whether metabolic programming effects are due to mild maternal hyperglycemia without confounding obesity, we investigated wild-type offspring of INSC93S transgenic pigs, which are a novel genetically modified large-animal model expressing mutant insulin (INS) C93S in pancreatic β-cells. This mutation results in impaired glucose tolerance, mild fasting hyperglycemia and insulin resistance during late pregnancy. Compared with offspring from wild-type sows, piglets from hyperglycemic mothers showed impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance: +3-fold in males; +4.4-fold in females) prior to colostrum uptake. Targeted metabolomics in the fasting and insulin-stimulated state revealed distinct alterations in the plasma metabolic profile of piglets from hyperglycemic mothers. They showed increased levels of acylcarnitines, gluconeogenic precursors such as alanine, phospholipids (in particular lyso-phosphatidylcholines) and α-aminoadipic acid, a potential biomarker for type 2 diabetes. These observations indicate that mild gestational hyperglycemia can cause impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and associated metabolic alterations in neonatal offspring of a large-animal model born at a developmental maturation status comparable to human babies. Editor's choice: Mild maternal hyperglycemia causes impaired glucose tolerance and metabolic alterations in wild-type neonatal offspring of INSC93S transgenic pigs, a novel large animal model for mutant INS gene-induced diabetes of youth (MIDY).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Renner
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Elisabeth Streckel
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Braun-Reichhart
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Mattias Backman
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Bähr
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Blutke
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Annegret Wünsch
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Kessler
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Mayuko Kurome
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Arne Hinrichs
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sietse-Jan Koopmans
- Wageningen UR Livestock Research, de Elst 1 and CARUS Animal Facilities, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Mouse Clinic (GMC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Ritzmann
- Clinic for Swine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Wanke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Aigner
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117596 Singapore.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Mouse Clinic (GMC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Jurburg SD, Cornelissen JJBWJ, de Boer P, Smits MA, Rebel JMJ. Successional Dynamics in the Gut Microbiome Determine the Success of Clostridium difficile Infection in Adult Pig Models. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:271. [PMID: 31448240 PMCID: PMC6691177 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) are a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. It is hypothesized that CDI develops due to the antibiotic-induced disruption of the intestinal microbial community structure, which allows C. difficile to flourish. Here, we pre-treated weaned pigs with the antibiotics Clindamycin or Ciprofloxacin for 1 day, and subsequently inoculated them with a human and pig enteropathogenic C. difficile strain 078 spores. Body temperature, clinical signs of disease, and the fecal microbiome were monitored daily for 15 days. Clindamycin had a stronger effect on the pigs than Ciprofloxacin, resulting in drastic shifts in the fecal microbiome, decreases in microbial diversity and significant increases in body temperature, even in the absence of C. difficile. Fecal shedding of C. difficile was detectable for 3 and 9 days in Ciprofloxacin and Clindamycin treated pigs inoculated with C. difficile, respectively, and in both cases decreased cell proliferation rates were detected in colon tissue. The timing of C. difficile shedding coincided with the decrease in a large cluster of Firmicutes following Clindamycin treatment, a pattern which was also independent of C. difficile inoculation. The observed community patterns suggest that successional dynamics following antibiotic treatment facilitate C. difficile establishment. The similarities between the microbiome responses observed in our study and those previously reported in CDI-infected humans further support the utility of adult pigs as models for the study of CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie D Jurburg
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands.,iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Mari A Smits
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Johanna M J Rebel
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands.,Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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41
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Li Z, Liu H, Xu B, Wang Y. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Interferes FATP4-Dependent Long-Chain Fatty Acid Uptake of Intestinal Epithelial Enterocytes via Phosphorylation of ERK1/2-PPARγ Pathway. Front Physiol 2019; 10:798. [PMID: 31281267 PMCID: PMC6596317 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sufficient fatty acid (FA) uptake from jejunal lumen is closely associated with pediatric growth. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), which poses a big threat to young mammals’ health, is also targeted on the jejunum, however, the effects on FA uptake is not understood yet. To explore the impacts of ETEC on the FA uptake ability of jejunum epithelial enterocytes during early life, we orally gavaged weaning piglets with ETEC K88 and found intestinal inflammation combined with compromised uptake of LCFA (C16:0, C18:0, C20:3, C20:4) except for C14:0 whose chain length is similar to medium chain fatty acid (MCFA). Furthermore, we observed reduced protein expression of TJs, fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), and upregulated expression of p-PPARγ. In the in vitro study, we challenged polarized porcine intestine jejunum cell line IPEC-J2 with ETEC K88 and discovered similar results on intestinal barrier and expression of associated genes combined with morphological changes. Based on the constructed cellular model, we then determined lower uptake of BODIPY-labeled C16:0 without any difference in the uptake of BODIPY-labeled C12:0. The content of intracellular triglyceride which was mainly synthesized by LCFA concomitantly lowered down. Using gene knock down and overexpression, FATP4 was confirmed to be responsible for LCFA uptake. Moreover, ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 and PPARγ antagonist T0070907 revealed ETEC could initiate cascaded phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and PPARγ resulting in hindered expression of FATP4. These results indicate ETEC challenge will cause dysfunction in FATP4-dependent LCFA uptake by phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and PPARγ. Furthermore, intestinal uptake of MCFA is in a FATP4-independent manner which is not easily disturbed by ETEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heyuan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bocheng Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Cherry P, Yadav S, Strain CR, Allsopp PJ, McSorley EM, Ross RP, Stanton C. Prebiotics from Seaweeds: An Ocean of Opportunity? Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E327. [PMID: 31159359 PMCID: PMC6627129 DOI: 10.3390/md17060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are an underexploited and potentially sustainable crop which offer a rich source of bioactive compounds, including novel complex polysaccharides, polyphenols, fatty acids, and carotenoids. The purported efficacies of these phytochemicals have led to potential functional food and nutraceutical applications which aim to protect against cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and some cancers. Concurrent understanding that perturbations of gut microbial composition and metabolic function manifest throughout health and disease has led to dietary strategies, such as prebiotics, which exploit the diet-host-microbe paradigm to modulate the gut microbiota, such that host health is maintained or improved. The prebiotic definition was recently updated to "a substrate that is selectively utilised by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit", which, given that previous discussion regarding seaweed prebiotics has focused upon saccharolytic fermentation, an opportunity is presented to explore how non-complex polysaccharide components from seaweeds may be metabolised by host microbial populations to benefit host health. Thus, this review provides an innovative approach to consider how the gut microbiota may utilise seaweed phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and carotenoids, and provides an updated discussion regarding the catabolism of seaweed-derived complex polysaccharides with potential prebiotic activity. Additional in vitro screening studies and in vivo animal studies are needed to identify potential prebiotics from seaweeds, alongside untargeted metabolomics to decipher microbial-derived metabolites from seaweeds. Furthermore, controlled human intervention studies with health-related end points to elucidate prebiotic efficacy are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cherry
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Supriya Yadav
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
| | - Conall R Strain
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
| | - Philip J Allsopp
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
- College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland.
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland.
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Bulc M, Palus K, Dąbrowski M, Całka J. Hyperglycaemia-Induced Downregulation in Expression of nNOS Intramural Neurons of the Small Intestine in the Pig. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071681. [PMID: 30987291 PMCID: PMC6480956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic autonomic peripheral neuropathy (PN) involves a broad spectrum of organs. One of them is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of digestive complications are not yet fully understood. Digestion is controlled by the central nervous system (CNS) and the enteric nervous system (ENS) within the wall of the GI tract. Enteric neurons exert regulatory effects due to the many biologically active substances secreted and released by enteric nervous system (ENS) structures. These include nitric oxide (NO), produced by the neural nitric oxide synthase enzyme (nNOS). It is a very important inhibitory factor, necessary for smooth muscle relaxation. Moreover, it was noted that nitrergic innervation can undergo adaptive changes during pathological processes. Additionally, nitrergic neurons function may be regulated through the synthesis of other active neuropeptides. Therefore, in the present study, using the immunofluorescence technique, we first examined the influence of hyperglycemia on the NOS- containing neurons in the porcine small intestine and secondly the co-localization of nNOS with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), galanin (GAL) and substance P (SP) in all plexuses studied. Following chronic hyperglycaemia, we observed a reduction in the number of the NOS-positive neurons in all intestinal segments studied, as well as an increased in investigated substances in nNOS positive neurons. This observation confirmed that diabetic hyperglycaemia can cause changes in the neurochemical characteristics of enteric neurons, which can lead to numerous disturbances in gastrointestinal tract functions. Moreover, can be the basis of an elaboration of these peptides analogues utilized as therapeutic agents in the treatment of GI complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bulc
- Department of Clinical Physiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Str. 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Palus
- Department of Clinical Physiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Str. 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str. 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Całka
- Department of Clinical Physiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego Str. 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Kaur A, Ten Have GAM, Hritzo B, Deutz NEP, Olsen C, Moroni M. Morphological and functional impairment in the gut in a partial body irradiation minipig model of GI-ARS. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:112-128. [PMID: 30475652 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1552377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Göttingen minipig (G-MP) displays classic gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS) following total body irradiation (TBI) at GI doses which are lethal by 10-14 days. In collaboration with BARDA, we are developing a hemi-body/partial body irradiation (PBI) model by exposing only the abdomen and lower extremities to study GI structure/function impairment, natural history of injury and recovery, as well as correlative biomarkers out to 30 days.Materials and methods: Twenty-four G-MP were exposed to either 12 or 16 Gy (LINAC Elekta); head, forelimbs, and thorax were outside the irradiation field, sparing ∼50% of the bone marrow. Animals were followed for 30 days with euthanasia scheduled at pre-set intervals to study the time course of GI injury and recovery. Hematological profiles, clinical symptoms, gross- and histo-pathology including markers of proliferation and apoptosis in the small intestines, gut function parameters (food tolerance, digestion, absorption, citrulline production), and levels of two biomarkers, CRP and IGF-1, were evaluated.Results: PBI at 16 Gy yielded higher lethality than 12 Gy. Unlike TBI, PBI did not cause severe pancytopenia or external hemorrhage, as expected, and allowed to focus the injury on GI organs while sparing the radiation sensitive heart and lung. Compromised animals showed inactivity, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss. Histology revealed that in 12 Gy irradiated animals, lesions recovered overtime. In 16 Gy irradiated animals, lesions were more pronounced and persistent. BrdU and Ki67 labelling demonstrated dose-dependent loss of crypts and subsequent mucosal ulceration which recovered over time. Minimal apoptosis was observed at both doses. Reductions in food tolerance, digestion, absorption, and citrulline production were time and dose-dependent. Loss of citrulline reached a nadir between 6-12 days and then recovered partially. CRP and IGF-1 were upregulated following PBI at GI doses.Conclusions: This lower hemi-body irradiation model allowed for extended survival at GI-specific ARS doses and development of a well-controlled GI syndrome with minimal hematopoietic injury or confounding mortality from cardiopulmonary damage. A dose-dependent impairment in the intestinal structure resulted in overall decreased gut functionality followed by a partial recovery. However, while the structure appeared to be recovered, not all functionality was attained. PBI induced systemic inflammation and altered the IGF-1 hormone indicating that these can be used as biomarkers in the minipig even under partial body conditions. This PBI model aligns with other minipig models under BARDA's large animal consortium to test medical countermeasure efficacy against a less complex GI-specific ARS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- Radiation Countermeasure program, Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gabriëlla A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Bernadette Hritzo
- Radiation Countermeasure program, Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Cara Olsen
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Moroni
- Radiation Countermeasure program, Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ding J, He J, Zhang ZQ, Wu ZK, Jin FC. Effect of Hemiepiphysiodesis on the Growth Plate: The Histopathological Changes and Mechanism Exploration of Recurrence in Mini Pig Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6348171. [PMID: 30687754 PMCID: PMC6330884 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6348171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hemiepiphysiodesis has been widely used to correct angular deformity of long bone in immature patients. However, there is a limited knowledge about the biomechanical effect of this technique on the histopathological changes of the growth plate and the mechanism of recurrence of malformation after implant removal. We aimed to evaluate the biomechanical effect of hemiepiphysiodesis on the histopathological changes of the growth plate and the mechanism of recurrence of malformation after implant removal in Bama miniature pigs, and to explore the role of asymmetric stress during this procedure. METHODS Eight 3-month-old male Bama miniature pigs sustained surgeries on the bilateral medial hind leg proximal tibia as the intervention group (n=16), and four pigs sustained bilateral sham surgeries as the control (n=8). In the 18th week after surgeries, hardware was removed in the unilateral leg of each animal in the intervention group. In the 24th week of the study, all animals were euthanized. A total of 24 samples were obtained and stained with H&E, TUNEL, and immunohistochemistry. Sixteen samples in the intervention group were divided into two subgroups. The tibias without an implant were included in the implant removal group (IR group), while the tibias with an implant were included in the implant persist group (IP group). The proximal tibia specimens were divided into 3 equidistant parts from medial to lateral, named as area A, area B, and area C, respectively. The change of thickness of growth plates, chondral apoptosis index, and the expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, CHOP, and P65 were compared. RESULTS H&E staining showed the thickness of growth plate to be varied in different areas. In the IP group, the thickness of growth plate in areas A and B was statistically significantly thinner than that in area C (p<0.05). In the IR group, the thickness of growth plate in areas A and B was statistically significantly thicker than that in area C (p<0.05). TUNEL staining showed that the apoptosis rate increased significantly after hemiepiphysiodesis and declined after implant removal (p<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining suggested that the expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, P65, and CHOP protein was upregulated in the experimental group and downregulated after implant removal. CONCLUSION The thickness parameter of the growth plate changes with asymmetric pressure. When the pressure is relieved, the recurrence of malformation is related to the thickening of the growth plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ding
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhen-Kai Wu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Fang-Chun Jin
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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Zhang Z, Wang P, Li X, Wang Y, Qin Z, Zhang C, Li J. Reconstruction of mandibular bone defects using biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitutes with simultaneous implant placement in mini‐swine: A pilot
in vivo
study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:2071-2079. [PMID: 30576059 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Center of Orthognathic and TMJ SurgeryNational Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial‐Head & Neck OncologyShanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center of Stomatology Shanghai China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Center of Orthognathic and TMJ SurgeryNational Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Center of Orthognathic and TMJ SurgeryNational Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Center of Orthognathic and TMJ SurgeryNational Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zhifan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Center of Orthognathic and TMJ SurgeryNational Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial‐Head & Neck OncologyShanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center of Stomatology Shanghai China
| | - Jihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Center of Orthognathic and TMJ SurgeryNational Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
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A mix of dietary fermentable fibers improves lipids handling by the liver of overfed minipigs. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 65:72-82. [PMID: 30654277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity induced by overfeeding ultimately can lead to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, whereas dietary fiber consumption is known to have a beneficial effect. We aimed to determine if a supplementation of a mix of fibers (inulin, resistant starch and pectin) could limit or alleviate overfeeding-induced metabolic perturbations. Twenty female minipigs were fed with a control diet (C) or an enriched fat/sucrose diet supplemented (O + F) or not (O) with fibers. Between 0 and 56 days of overfeeding, insulin (+88%), HOMA (+102%), cholesterol (+45%) and lactate (+63%) were increased, without any beneficial effect of fibers supplementation. However, fibers supplementation limited body weight gain (vs. O, -15% at D56) and the accumulation of hepatic lipids droplets induced by overfeeding. This could be explained by a decreased lipids transport potential (-50% FABP1 mRNA, O + F vs. O) inducing a down-regulation of regulatory elements of lipids metabolism / lipogenesis (-36% SREBP1c mRNA, O + F vs. O) but not to an increased oxidation (O + F not different from O and C for proteins and mRNA measured). Glucose metabolism was also differentially regulated by fibers supplementation, with an increased net hepatic release of glucose in the fasted state (diet × time effect, P<.05 at D56) that can be explained partially by a possible increased glycogen synthesis in the fed state (+82% GYS2 protein, O + F vs. O, P=.09). The direct role of short chain fatty acids on gluconeogenesis stimulation is questioned, with probably a short-term impact (D14) but no effect on a long-term (D56) basis.
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Curtasu MV, Knudsen KEB, Callesen H, Purup S, Stagsted J, Hedemann MS. Obesity Development in a Miniature Yucatan Pig Model: A Multi-compartmental Metabolomics Study on Cloned and Normal Pigs Fed Restricted or Ad Libitum High-Energy Diets. J Proteome Res 2018; 18:30-47. [PMID: 30365323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Miniature-pig models for human metabolic disorders such as obesity and metabolic syndrome are gaining popularity. However, in-depth knowledge on the phenotypic and metabolic effects of metabolic dysregulation is lacking, and ad libitum feeding is not well-characterized in these pig breeds. Therefore, an investigation was performed into the metabolome of Yucatan minipigs fed ad libitum or restricted diets. Furthermore, we used cloned and conventional minipigs to assess if cloning reflects a presumably lowered variation between subjects. For 5 months, 17 female Yucatan minipigs were fed either ad libitum or restricted Western-style diets. Serum, urine, and liver tissues were collected and analyzed by non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics and by biochemical analyses. Several metabolic pathways were deregulated as a result of obesity and increased energy-dense feed intake, particularly the hepatic glutathione pathway and the pantothenic acid and tryptophan metabolic pathways in serum and urine. Although cloned minipigs were phenotypically similar to wild-type minipigs, the metabolomics analysis of serum and liver tissues showed several altered pathways, such as amino acid and purine metabolism. These changes, as an effect of cloning, could limit the use of cloned models in dietary intervention studies and provides no evidence of decreased variability between subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai V Curtasu
- Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Blichers Alle 20 , DK-8830 Tjele , Denmark
| | - Knud Erik B Knudsen
- Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Blichers Alle 20 , DK-8830 Tjele , Denmark
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Blichers Alle 20 , DK-8830 Tjele , Denmark
| | - Stig Purup
- Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Blichers Alle 20 , DK-8830 Tjele , Denmark
| | - Jan Stagsted
- Diet4Life , Agro Food Park 13 , DK-8200 Aarhus N , Denmark
| | - Mette S Hedemann
- Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Blichers Alle 20 , DK-8830 Tjele , Denmark
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Coelho PG, Pippenger B, Tovar N, Koopmans SJ, Plana NM, Graves DT, Engebretson S, van Beusekom HMM, Oliveira PGFP, Dard M. Effect of Obesity or Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes on Osseointegration of Dental Implants in a Miniature Swine Model: A Pilot Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 76:1677-1687. [PMID: 29572133 PMCID: PMC6064394 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing prevalence of obesity or metabolic syndrome (O/MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a global health concern. Clinically relevant and practical translational models mimicking human characteristics of these conditions are lacking. This study aimed to demonstrate proof of concept of the induction of stable O/MS and type 2 DM in a Göttingen minipig model and validate both of these disease-adjusted Göttingen minipig models as impaired healing models for the testing of dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine minipigs were split into 3 groups-control (normal diet), obese (cafeteria diet), and diabetic (cafeteria diet plus low-dosage streptozotocin)-followed by placement of dental implants. Inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor α, C-reactive protein, and cortisol were recorded for each study group. Removal torque was measured, and histomorphometric analysis (bone-to-implant contact and bone area fraction occupancy) was performed. RESULTS O/MS pigs showed, on average, a 2-fold increase in plasma C-reactive protein (P < .05) and cortisol (P < .09) concentrations compared with controls; DM pigs showed, on average approximately, a 40-fold increase in plasma tumor necrosis factor α levels (P < .05) and a 2-fold increase in cortisol concentrations (P < .05) compared with controls. The impact of O/MS and DM on implants was determined. The torque to interface failure was highest in the control group (200 N-cm) and significantly lower in the O/MS (90 N-cm) and DM (60 N-cm) groups (P < .01). Bone formation around implants was significantly greater in the control group than in the O/MS and DM groups (P < .02). CONCLUSIONS Both O/MS and DM minipigs express a human-like disease phenotype, and both presented bone-healing impairment around dental implants. Our finding of no significant difference between type 2 DM and O/MS in bone formation around implants provides evidence that further investigation of the impact of O/MS is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo G Coelho
- Professor, Department of Biomaterials and Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY; and Professor, Hanjorg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; and Professor, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering.
| | | | - Nick Tovar
- Adjunct Scientist, Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY
| | - Sietse-Jan Koopmans
- Senior Scientist, Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Natalie M Plana
- Research Fellow (NIDCR), Department of Biomaterials, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Dana T Graves
- Professor, Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Steve Engebretson
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY
| | - Heleen M M van Beusekom
- Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paula G F P Oliveira
- Visiting Scholar, Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY
| | - Michel Dard
- Associate Professor, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY; and Global Medical Director, Straumann Group, Basel, Switzerland
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The influence of experimental inflammation and axotomy on leucine enkephalin (leuENK) distribution in intramural nervous structures of the porcine descending colon. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:169. [PMID: 29793486 PMCID: PMC5968568 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The enteric nervous system (ENS), located in the intestinal wall and characterized by considerable independence from the central nervous system, consists of millions of cells. Enteric neurons control the majority of functions of the gastrointestinal tract using a wide range of substances, which are neuromediators and/or neuromodulators. One of them is leucine–enkephalin (leuENK), which belongs to the endogenous opioid family. It is known that opioids in the gastrointestinal tract have various functions, including visceral pain conduction, intestinal motility and secretion and immune processes, but many aspects of distribution and function of leuENK in the ENS, especially during pathological states, remain unknown. Results During this experiment, the distribution of leuENK – like immunoreactive (leuENK-LI) nervous structures using the immunofluorescence technique were studied in the porcine colon in physiological conditions, during chemically-induced inflammation and after axotomy. The study included the circular muscle layer, myenteric (MP), outer submucous (OSP) and inner submucous plexus (ISP) and the mucosal layer. In control animals, the number of leuENK-LI neurons amounted to 4.86 ± 0.17%, 2.86 ± 0.28% and 1.07 ± 0.08% in the MP, OSP and ISP, respectively. Generally, both pathological stimuli caused an increase in the number of detected leuENK-LI cells, but the intensity of the observed changes depended on the factor studied and part of the ENS. The percentage of leuENK-LI perikarya amounted to 11.48 ± 0.96%, 8.71 ± 0.13% and 9.40 ± 0.76% during colitis, and 6.90 ± 0.52% 8.46 ± 12% and 4.48 ± 0.44% after axotomy in MP, OSP and ISP, respectively. Both processes also resulted in an increase in the number of leuENK-LI nerves in the circular muscle layer, whereas changes were less visible in the mucosa during inflammation and axotomy did not change the number of leuENK-LI mucosal fibers. Conclusions LeuENK in the ENS takes part in intestinal regulatory processes not only in physiological conditions, but also under pathological factors. The observed changes are probably connected with the participation of leuENK in sensory and motor innervation and the neuroprotective effects of this substance. Differences in the number of leuENK-LI neurons during inflammation and after axotomy may suggest that the exact functions of leuENK probably depend on the type of pathological factor acting on the intestine.
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