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Starzer M, Hansen HG, Hjorthøj C, Albert N, Glenthøj LB, Nordentoft M. Long-term quality of life and social disconnection 20 years after a first episode psychosis, results from the 20-year follow-up of the OPUS trial. Schizophr Res 2024; 274:33-45. [PMID: 39245592 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia disorders severely impact social and occupational function and reduce quality of life, furthermore patients often suffer from social withdrawal and isolation. The aim of this study was to investigate long-term quality of life and social disconnection and determine 10-year changes in quality of life and social disconnection later in life in association with changes in symptom severity, cognition, and global function. METHODS We used assessments of quality of life and assessor rated social disconnection from the 10- and 20-year follow-up of the OPUS trial to examined 10-year changes in self-rated quality of life and social disconnection in the later stage of illness following a first episode psychosis. Self-rated social disconnection was only assessed in the 174 participants of the 20-year follow-up. RESULTS Twenty years after a first episode psychosis only half of the participants reported having face-to-face contact with someone in their network more than once a week, while 90 % reported often or always being able to get emotional support when needed. Quality of life ratings were lower in our study population compared to the general population. On average physical and environmental quality of life worsened from the 10- to the 20-year follow-up while psychological and social quality of life remained stable. All quality-of-life domains were associated with negative symptoms (physical QoL: b = -6.6, p < 0.001, psychological QoL: b = -8, p < 0.001, social QoL: b = -5.7, p < 0.001 and environmental QoL: b = -6.5, p < 0.001) and global function (physical QoL: b = -0. 47, p < 0.001, psychological QoL: b = 0.52, p < 0.001, social QoL: b = 0.31, p < 0.001 and environmental QoL: b = 0.49, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Social disconnection seems to persist over time. Social disconnection and quality of life were associated with negative symptoms and poor functioning, therefore interventions aimed at improving global and social function might likely also improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Starzer
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Helene Gjervig Hansen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Albert
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region, Denmark; Mental Health Center Amager, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Birkedal Glenthøj
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health - CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Domínguez M, Sánchez-Balcells S, Vila-Badia R, Bergadà-Sánchez E, Vilaplana M, Ochoa S, Huerta-Ramos ME, Del Cacho N, Usall J, Peláez T, Coromina M. Perspective of patients with first-episode psychosis, their relatives, and mental health professionals on the design and usability of an app in clinical practice. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024; 18:355-365. [PMID: 37743354 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM Therapeutic non-compliance remains the main difficulty for people with psychotic disorders, standing around 50% in people with schizophrenia. Lack of treatment adherence, either partial or total, to medication has economic and clinical consequences. E-health technologies may be a promising therapeutic tool to improve adherence, with the subsequent reduction in clinical and economic burden. Our aims were to know the preferences on how technologies in mental health treatment should be for use in clinical practice, and to learn about the opinion and preferences on the use of technologies in mental health treatment from the perspectives of patients with FEP, their relatives, and mental health professionals. METHODS Forty-one patients with a diagnosis of first-episode psychosis (FEP), 18 relatives and 49 mental health professionals were included in the study. They completed an online survey related to the use, availability and user-skill of online platforms and apps created by a group of experts in psychosis and in the use of technologies. Data were summarized in frequencies, percentages, and means, and Chi-square tests were used to calculate differences between-groups. RESULTS An app directed to people with psychosis would be well received by users if it contains psychoeducational material, offers reminders for scheduled visits and treatment and allows online consultations. CONCLUSIONS Co-creating an app with users, their families and mental health professionals allows incorporating their preferences to increase its use, improve outpatient care and creating an app that is viable in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Domínguez
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Sara Sánchez-Balcells
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Regina Vila-Badia
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Esther Bergadà-Sánchez
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Miriam Vilaplana
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Susana Ochoa
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Maria Elena Huerta-Ramos
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Nuria Del Cacho
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Judith Usall
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Trini Peláez
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marta Coromina
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Doctor Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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3
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Husain MO, Khoso AB, Kiran T, Chaudhry N, Husain MI, Asif M, Ansari M, Rajput AH, Dawood S, Naqvi HA, Nizami AT, Tareen Z, Rumi J, Sherzad S, Khan HA, Bhatia MR, Siddiqui KMS, Zadeh Z, Mehmood N, Talib U, de Oliveira C, Naeem F, Wang W, Voineskos A, Husain N, Foussias G, Chaudhry IB. Culturally adapted psychosocial interventions (CaPSI) for early psychosis in a low-resource setting: study protocol for a large multi-center RCT. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:444. [PMID: 37328751 PMCID: PMC10276384 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosis treatment guidelines recommend cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and family intervention (FI), for all patients with first episode psychosis (FEP), though guidance borrows heavily from literature in adults from high income countries. To our knowledge, there are few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the comparative effect of these commonly endorsed psychosocial interventions in individuals with early psychosis from high-income countries and no such trials from low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The present study aims to confirm the clinical-efficacy and cost-effectiveness of delivering culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) and culturally adapted FI (CulFI) to individuals with FEP in Pakistan. METHOD A multi-centre, three-arm RCT of CaCBT, CulFI, and treatment as usual (TAU) for individuals with FEP (n = 390), recruited from major centres across Pakistan. Reducing overall symptoms of FEP will be the primary outcome. Additional aims will include improving patient and carer outcomes and estimating the economic impact of delivering culturally appropriate psychosocial interventions in low-resource settings. This trial will assess the clinical-efficacy and cost-effectiveness of CaCBT and CulFI compared with TAU in improving patient (positive and negative symptoms of psychosis, general psychopathology, depressive symptoms, quality of life, cognition, general functioning, and insight) and carer related outcomes (carer experience, wellbeing, illness attitudes and symptoms of depression and anxiety). CONCLUSIONS A successful trial may inform the rapid scale up of these interventions not only in Pakistan but other low-resource settings, to improve clinical outcomes, social and occupational functioning, and quality of life in South Asian and other minority groups with FEP. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05814913.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Husain
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen St West, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - A B Khoso
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - T Kiran
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - N Chaudhry
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M I Husain
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen St West, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Asif
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Ansari
- Department of Psychiatry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - A H Rajput
- Department of Psychiatry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan
| | - S Dawood
- Centre for Clinical Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H A Naqvi
- Department of Psychiatry, Dow University Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A T Nizami
- Institute of Psychiatry, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Z Tareen
- Department of Psychiatry, Balochistan Institute of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - J Rumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Balochistan Institute of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - S Sherzad
- Department of Psychiatry, Balochistan Institute of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - H A Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Balochistan Institute of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - M R Bhatia
- Department of Psychiatry, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences, Shaheed Benazirabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Z Zadeh
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - N Mehmood
- Institute for Mental Health, Karwan-E-Hayat, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - U Talib
- Institute for Mental Health, Karwan-E-Hayat, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - C de Oliveira
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen St West, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
| | - F Naeem
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen St West, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - W Wang
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen St West, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen St West, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - N Husain
- Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Prescott, UK
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G Foussias
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen St West, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - I B Chaudhry
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Karachi, Pakistan
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Perlman P, Vorstman J, Hoang N, Summers J, Baribeau D, Cunningham J, Mulsant BH. Support to caregivers who have received genetic information about neurodevelopmental and psychiatric vulnerability in their young children: A narrative review. Clin Genet 2023. [PMID: 37098443 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of pathogenic genetic variants associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders (NPDs) is increasingly made early in life. This narrative review focuses on the need for, and provision of, psychological supports following genetic diagnosis. We conducted a literature search of publications on how caregivers are informed about the NPD vulnerability associated with genetic variants, challenges and unmet needs when receiving this information, and whether psychological supports are provided. Given its early recognition, the 22q11.2 deletion has been studied thoroughly for two decades, providing generalizable insights. This literature indicates the complex caregivers' needs related to learning about potential NPD vulnerabilities associated with a genetic variant, include how to communicate the diagnosis, how to identify early signs of NPDs, how to deal with stigma and a lack of medical expertise outside of specialized genetics clinics. With one exception, no publications describe psychotherapeutic support provided to parents. In the absence of support, caregivers struggle with several unmet needs regarding potential longer-term NPD implications of a genetic diagnosis. The field needs to go beyond explaining genetic diagnoses and associated vulnerabilities, and develop approaches to support caregivers with communicating and managing NPD implications across the child's lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ny Hoang
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane Summers
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Baribeau
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessie Cunningham
- SickKids Hospital Library, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Addition and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Oluwoye O, Fraser ER, Kordas G. Taking a Look at How Family Member Engagement Influences Service User Engagement in New Journeys: a Coordinated Specialty Care Program. J Behav Health Serv Res 2023; 50:228-235. [PMID: 35357673 PMCID: PMC9522887 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-022-09791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Family members are integral to the care and support of individuals experiencing early psychosis, and while studies have brought to light the impact of family engagement, there is a dearth in the literature on the ways family engagement in services affects service user engagement. The present study examined the relationship between initial family engagement and service user engagement among 349 service users enrolled in New Journeys, a network of coordinated specialty care (CSC) programs. Service users whose family members were initially engaged in treatment in the first month were more likely to remain engaged and attend appointments during the first 7 months relative to service users whose family members were not initially engaged (χ-2=88.4; p < 0.001). Overall, for a one unit increase in total number of appointments attended by family members in the first 24 months, the odds of service users' engagement increased by 14% (OR: 1.14, CI: 1.12-1.16). Findings demonstrate the association between family engagement and the engagement of service users in CSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladunni Oluwoye
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
- Washington State Center for Excellence in Early Psychosis, Spokane, WA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth R Fraser
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Gordon Kordas
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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Burgess-Barr S, Nicholas E, Venus B, Singh N, Nethercott A, Taylor G, Jacobsen P. International rates of receipt of psychological therapy for psychosis and schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Ment Health Syst 2023; 17:8. [PMID: 37004066 PMCID: PMC10064673 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-023-00576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND International clinical practice guidelines commonly recommend the provision of psychological therapies for psychosis and schizophrenia as an adjunct to medication. However, access to recommended therapies in routine clinical practice is limited. The aim of this review was to synthesise the available data on the provision of recommended psychological therapies for psychosis and schizophrenia across international mental health systems. METHODS Electronic databases (PsychINFO, Pubmed and EMBASE) were searched for audits, service evaluation projects, or surveys, which reported data on rates of offer or receipt of any recommended psychological therapy or therapeutic intervention as part of routine clinical care. RESULTS Twenty-two eligible studies from 9 countries were identified (N participants = 79,407). The most commonly recommended therapies in national guidelines were Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Psychosis (CBTp) and Family Interventions (FI). The overall pooled prevalence of rate of receipt of CBTp was 24% [95% CI 0.15-0.32] based on 15 studies (N = 42,494), with a higher rate of receipt of therapy found when pooling data from Early Intervention services only (41% [95% CI 0.21-0.60], 6 studies, N = 11,068). The overall pooled prevalence of rate of receipt of FI was 30% [95% CI 0.22-0.37] based on 14 studies (N = 13,863). CONCLUSIONS Overall rates of receipt of recommended psychological therapies for psychosis were low across the 9 countries data were available for in this review. However, there were high rates of heterogeneity across studies, meaning that pooled estimates should be interpreted with caution. Sources of heterogeneity included different service settings (e.g. early intervention vs. non-early intervention services), and varying methods used to collect the data (e.g. audit of electronic health records vs. self-report etc.). There were no available data from the continents of South America, Asia, or Africa, meaning that a truly global picture of provision of psychological therapies for psychosis and schizophrenia is currently lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Nicholas
- Department of Psychology, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby, DE22 1GB, UK
| | - Bethany Venus
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Niharika Singh
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Gemma Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Pamela Jacobsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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7
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Gleeson JFM, Koval P, Zyphur M, Lederman R, Herrman H, Eleftheriadis D, Bendall S, Cotton SM, Gorelik A, Alvarez-Jimenez M. A randomized controlled trial of moderated online social therapy for family carers of first-episode psychosis patients in a specialist treatment setting. Schizophr Res 2023; 255:203-212. [PMID: 37004332 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family members, who provide the majority of informal care during the recovery period from first-episode psychosis (FEP), experience high levels of psychological distress. However, there is a lack of effective and accessible interventions for FEP carers. OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of an online intervention ("Altitudes") in relation to the primary outcome of FEP-carer stress at 6 months follow-up. METHODS We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial in which FEP carers were randomized to Altitudes combined with specialized treatment as usual (STAU) or STAU alone. In addition to questionnaires, we included multiple waves of intensive ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to measure carer stress and family outcomes in 164 carers of young (15-27 years) FEP patients. RESULTS Both groups improved over time on stress and a range of secondary outcomes, including mental health symptoms, self-efficacy, and expressed emotion with no group by time interactions. At 12 months there were significantly fewer visits to emergency departments by FEP patients in the Altitudes group (p = 0.022). Modelling of multiple EMA waves revealed that more time spent by carers with FEP patients predicted greater worry, expressed emotion, and adaptive coping. CONCLUSIONS Engagement and usability findings for Altitudes were positive. Further refinements to our online carer interventions may be needed to engage carers in purposeful skill development for improved management of stress and communication with the young person compared with existing specialist family interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12616000968471.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F M Gleeson
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Level 5, Daniel Mannix Building, Young Street, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia.
| | - Peter Koval
- Melbourne School of Psychological Science, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Zyphur
- School of Business, Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Reeva Lederman
- School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Herrman
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dina Eleftheriadis
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Level 5, Daniel Mannix Building, Young Street, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Sarah Bendall
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sue M Cotton
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra Gorelik
- Musculoskeletal Health and Sustainable Healthcare Unit, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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8
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Carrà G, Bartoli F, Capogrosso CA, Cioni RM, Moretti F, Piacenti S, Riboldi I, Crocamo C, Bebbington PE. Innovations in community-based mental health care: an overview of meta-analyses. Int Rev Psychiatry 2022; 34:770-782. [PMID: 36786120 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2113043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last four decades, mental health services for people with Severe Mental Illness (SMI) have seen asylums replaced by a balanced model of Community Mental Healthcare (CMH). Innovative approaches and strategies in the field of CMH have been extensively researched. However, this research has been hampered by issues limiting their capacity to inform clinicians and policymakers. We conducted an overview of meta-analyses of the effectiveness of innovative CMH models focussing on clinical and psychosocial outcomes in comparisons with standard care in adults with SMI. Based on the 12 eligible studies, we appraised, synthesised and graded the resulting evidence. There was moderate quality evidence that case management, Early Intervention Services (EIS) and caregiver-directed interventions were superior to standard care in reducing hospital admission. In relation to psychosocial outcomes, EIS showed high quality evidence of a small effect on global functioning. There was moderate quality evidence for a similar effect of Intensive Case Management, and for a large effect of family intervention. For quality of life, both EIS and self-management education had a small effect, with moderate quality. The level of research about effective CMH models is therefore substantial. However, several gaps related to innovative CMH not yet covered in meta-analytic synthesis, need to be filled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Carrà
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara A Capogrosso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Riccardo M Cioni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Federico Moretti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Susanna Piacenti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Riboldi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Sharma N, Cary M, Khoury NM, Afzal KI, Shaligram D, Hoq R, Belfort EL, Sargent J. Dialog Across Cultures: Therapy for Diverse Families. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2022; 31:603-614. [PMID: 36182213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Child and adolescent psychiatrists (CAPs) work at the intersections of families, cultures, and systems, which affect engagement in care, assessment, and treatment planning. There are several practical strategies that CAPs can apply to practice cultural humility, to join with families, to facilitate difficult conversations and to work through misalignment. Culturally inclusive family-based care can promote greater understanding and lead to stronger outcomes with families as well as help mitigate mental health impact of structural racism and social inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street #1007, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Margaret Cary
- Oregon Health Authority and Yellowhawk Tribal Health Center, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla, 800 Northeast Oregon Street, Portland, OR 97232, USA
| | - Nayla M Khoury
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 713 Harrison Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Khalid I Afzal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 3077, Chicago, IL 60457, USA
| | - Deepika Shaligram
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rakin Hoq
- NYU School of Medicine, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, 1 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Erin L Belfort
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Maine Medical Center, 66 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME 04102, USA
| | - John Sargent
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street #1007, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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10
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Morillo H, Lowry S, Henderson C. Exploring the effectiveness of family-based interventions for psychosis in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1749-1769. [PMID: 35699742 PMCID: PMC9375736 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Of the 80% people with psychosis living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), up to 90% are left to the care of families. The World Health Organization has recommended the inclusion of families in community-based rehabilitation and while there is evidence of its implementation in LMICs, this has not been reviewed yet. This study aims to describe the key features and implementation strategies of family-based interventions in LMICs, and appraise their effectiveness. METHODS Included are people with psychosis in LMICs who receive any form of family-based intervention, compared to their usual or absence of treatment, with patient outcome measures. We searched (August 2021) through Embase, MEDLINE, Global Health, PsycInfo, Social Policy and Practice, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), as well as from grey literature and hand-searched records. Risk of bias was assessed through the Integrated Quality Criteria for Review of Multiple Study Designs (ICROMS) and Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS), then analyzed narratively. RESULTS 27 studies were included from the 5254 records. Psychotherapeutic features, systems approach and task-sharing were key intervention elements. Delivery strategies included preliminary research, sustained family engagement, and cultural adaptation. There were positive health impacts across four outcome domains. CONCLUSION All studies recommended family-based interventions, with limitations in heterogeneity and 70% of them rated high risk of bias. OTHER Review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021256856). The authors did not receive funding for this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Morillo
- King’s College London, London, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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11
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Naughton-Doe R, Moran N, Wakeman E, Wilberforce M, Bennett L, Webber M. Interventions that support unpaid carers of adult mental health inpatients: a scoping review. J Ment Health 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35532039 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2069702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unpaid carers of adult mental health inpatients often lack support for their well-being and feel excluded from decisions about patient care. AIMS This scoping review aimed to: synthesise the peer-reviewed literature evaluating the outcomes of brief interventions for unpaid carers of adult mental health inpatients, identify transferable lessons for evidenced-informed practice, and establish future research priorities. METHODS PRISMA scoping review guidelines were followed to search 12 databases using predefined search terms. Two reviewers independently screened papers and applied exclusion/inclusion criteria. Studies were included if they evaluated the impact or outcomes of interventions. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed study quality. Data were synthesised to categorise types of interventions and evidence for their outcomes. RESULTS 16 papers met the inclusion criteria, and five types of interventions were identified: those that aimed to (1) increase carer involvement in inpatient care; (2) facilitate organisational change to increase carer support and involvement; (3) provide carers with support; (4) deliver psychoeducation and offer support; and (5) reduce carer stress and improve coping skills. CONCLUSIONS Whilst evidence of intervention effectiveness was promising, the quality of studies was generally weak. More research is needed to develop an evidence-informed approach to supporting carers during inpatient stays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naughton-Doe
- International Centre for Mental Health Social Research, Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of York, York, England
| | - Nicola Moran
- International Centre for Mental Health Social Research, Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of York, York, England
| | | | - Mark Wilberforce
- Social Policy Research Unit, Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Martin Webber
- International Centre for Mental Health Social Research, Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of York, York, England
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12
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Lobban F, Akers N, Appelbe D, Iraci Capuccinello R, Chapman L, Collinge L, Dodd S, Flowers S, Hollingsworth B, Honary M, Johnson S, Jones SH, Mateus C, Mezes B, Murray E, Panagaki K, Rainford N, Robinson H, Rosala-Hallas A, Sellwood W, Walker A, Williamson PR. A web-based, peer-supported self-management intervention to reduce distress in relatives of people with psychosis or bipolar disorder: the REACT RCT. Health Technol Assess 2021; 24:1-142. [PMID: 32608353 DOI: 10.3310/hta24320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatives caring for people with severe mental health problems find information and emotional support hard to access. Online support for self-management offers a potential solution. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an online supported self-management tool for relatives: the Relatives' Education And Coping Toolkit (REACT). DESIGN AND SETTING This was a primarily online (UK), single-blind, randomised controlled trial, comparing REACT plus a resource directory and treatment as usual with the resource directory and treatment as usual only, by measuring user distress and other well-being measures at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks. PARTICIPANTS A total of 800 relatives of people with severe mental health problems across the UK took part; relatives who were aged ≥ 16 years, were experiencing high levels of distress, had access to the internet and were actively seeking help were recruited. INTERVENTION REACT comprised 12 psychoeducation modules, peer support through a group forum, confidential messaging and a comprehensive resource directory of national support. Trained relatives moderated the forum and responded to messages. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The main outcome was the level of participants' distress, as measured by the General Health Questionnaire-28 items. RESULTS Various online and offline strategies, including social media, directed potential participants to the website. Participants were randomised to one of two arms: REACT plus the resource directory (n = 399) or the resource directory only (n = 401). Retention at 24 weeks was 75% (REACT arm, n = 292; resource directory-only arm, n = 307). The mean scores for the General Health Questionnaire-28 items reduced substantially across both arms over 24 weeks, from 40.2 (standard deviation 14.3) to 30.5 (standard deviation 15.6), with no significant difference between arms (mean difference -1.39, 95% confidence interval -3.60 to 0.83; p = 0.22). At 12 weeks, the General Health Questionnaire-28 items scores were lower in the REACT arm than in the resource directory-only arm (-2.08, 95% confidence interval -4.14 to -0.03; p = 0.027), but this finding is likely to be of limited clinical significance. Accounting for missing data, which were associated with higher distress in the REACT arm (0.33, 95% confidence interval -0.27 to 0.93; p = 0.279), in a longitudinal model, there was no significant difference between arms over 24 weeks (-0.56, 95% confidence interval -2.34 to 1.22; p = 0.51). REACT cost £142.95 per participant to design and deliver (£62.27 for delivery only), compared with £0.84 for the resource directory only. A health economic analysis of NHS, health and Personal Social Services outcomes found that REACT has higher costs (£286.77), slightly better General Health Questionnaire-28 items scores (incremental General Health Questionnaire-28 items score adjusted for baseline, age and gender: -1.152, 95% confidence interval -3.370 to 1.065) and slightly lower quality-adjusted life-year gains than the resource directory only; none of these differences was statistically significant. The median time spent online was 50.8 minutes (interquartile range 12.4-172.1 minutes) for REACT, with no significant association with outcome. Participants reported finding REACT a safe, confidential environment (96%) and reported feeling supported by the forum (89%) and the REACT supporters (86%). No serious adverse events were reported. LIMITATIONS The sample comprised predominantly white British females, 25% of participants were lost to follow-up and dropout in the REACT arm was not random. CONCLUSIONS An online self-management support toolkit with a moderated group forum is acceptable to relatives and, compared with face-to-face programmes, offers inexpensive, safe delivery of National Institute for Health and Care Excellence-recommended support to engage relatives as peers in care delivery. However, currently, REACT plus the resource directory is no more effective at reducing relatives' distress than the resource directory only. FUTURE WORK Further research in improving the effectiveness of online carer support interventions is required. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN72019945. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 32. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Lobban
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Nadia Akers
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Duncan Appelbe
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool (a member of Liverpool Health Partners), Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Lesley Chapman
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Lizzi Collinge
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Susanna Dodd
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool (a member of Liverpool Health Partners), Liverpool, UK
| | - Sue Flowers
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Bruce Hollingsworth
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Mahsa Honary
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Sonia Johnson
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Steven H Jones
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Ceu Mateus
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Barbara Mezes
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Elizabeth Murray
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katerina Panagaki
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Naomi Rainford
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool (a member of Liverpool Health Partners), Liverpool, UK
| | - Heather Robinson
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Anna Rosala-Hallas
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool (a member of Liverpool Health Partners), Liverpool, UK
| | - William Sellwood
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Andrew Walker
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Paula R Williamson
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool (a member of Liverpool Health Partners), Liverpool, UK
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13
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Hopkins L, Kuklych J, Pedwell G, Woods A. Supporting the Support Network: The Value of Family Peer Work in Youth Mental Health Care. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:926-936. [PMID: 32720005 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reported rates of mental illness continue to climb amongst young Australians. In a family environment the carers of these young people play a highly influential role in their recovery process, however this responsibility can also have significant emotional, financial and health impacts on carers. This paper details the findings of an evaluation project examining the impact and effectiveness of a newly developed and implemented Family Peer Support Work model. Benefits were found which included: family care-givers receiving emotional support and empathy; reduced stress, loneliness, isolation and stigma; bridging between the family and the clinical care team; helping families to navigate through the complexities of the care system; and connecting families to other services. Clarity on role definition for the FPSWs evolved over the course of implementation along with a clearer articulation of the model of care and emergent knowledge on useful elements of training, ongoing professional development, mentoring and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Hopkins
- Alfred Health, Mental and Addiction Health, 999 Nepean Hwy, Moorabbin, VIC, 3189, Australia.
| | - Jacinta Kuklych
- Alfred Health, Mental and Addiction Health, 999 Nepean Hwy, Moorabbin, VIC, 3189, Australia
| | - Glenda Pedwell
- Alfred Health, Mental and Addiction Health, 999 Nepean Hwy, Moorabbin, VIC, 3189, Australia
| | - Aysha Woods
- Alfred Health, Mental and Addiction Health, 999 Nepean Hwy, Moorabbin, VIC, 3189, Australia
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14
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Fleming C, Le Brocque R, Healy K. How are families included in the treatment of adults affected by eating disorders? A scoping review. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:244-279. [PMID: 33345319 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The involvement of families in the treatment of adults with eating disorders is recommended as a core component of comprehensive care, yet little is known about the optimal way to implement or routinely facilitate this. This article evaluates the recent evidence on the inclusion of families in treatment programs for adults with eating disorders. METHOD A systematic literature search was conducted to identify evidence of family inclusive treatment approaches for adults with eating disorders. A scoping review framework was applied to assess and synthesize findings. RESULTS Sixty-eight studies were identified. Substantial conceptual research contributing to the theoretical basis of current practice with families of adults with eating disorders and clinical applications in current use were identified. Most research used uncontrolled studies with few experimental designs, reflecting the standing of the extant literature. Common elements of existing approaches have been distinguished and shared core components of interventions identified. DISCUSSION Results confirmed that family members of adults were willing to be involved with eating disorder treatment services and appeared to respond to interventions of varying intensity and duration. The impact on individual patients, and effect on treatment outcomes, are yet to be established. The localized settings of existing studies, the homogenous nature of interventions used, and the limited diversity in research subjects, make it difficult to generalize from the results to the wide range of adult eating disorder presentations seen in practice. Suggestions for future research and further clinical developments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Fleming
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Health Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Queensland Eating Disorder Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robyne Le Brocque
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karen Healy
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Abdeta T, Desalegn D. Common Mental Disorders Among Informal Primary Caregivers of Adults With Mental Illness During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic in Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:676379. [PMID: 34497543 PMCID: PMC8419243 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.676379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronaviruses (CoVs) are emerging respiratory viruses and cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Informal primary caregivers of individuals with mental illness were special populations suffering from both the burden of caring for mentally ill individuals and the danger of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) epidemic. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders (CMDs) among the informal primary caregivers of adults with mental illness during the Covid-19 epidemic. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from July 1 to 30, 2020. A systematic random sampling technique was used to get samples of informal primary caregivers. Data were analyzed by bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. In the final model, variables having a p-value < 0.05 were declared as associated with CMDs. Result: Out of a total of 218 informal primary caregivers, 215 responded to this study. The prevalence of CMDs was 40.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 36.66, 44.3%] among informal primary caregivers. Being female informal primary caregivers [adjusted odds ratios (AOR) 1.98, 95% CI = 1.05, 3.76], being student informal primary caregivers (AOR 5.8, 95% CI: 1.2, 28.4), caring patients with psychosis (AOR 3.33, 95% CI: 1.12, 9.92) and caring patients with bipolar disorder (AOR 3.12, 95% CI: 1.35, 7.23) were significantly associated with CMDs. Conclusion: Our study cannot show the causal relationship due to its cross-sectional study design nature. However, this study showed relatively higher prevalence of CMDs among informal primary caregivers of adults with any mental illness during the Covid-19 epidemics relative to pre-Covid-19 times. Being a female caregiver, being a student caregiver, and caring for adults with psychosis and bipolar disorder were factors associated with CMDs. Attention should be given, and essential psychosocial care should be provided, to maintain the mental health of informal primary caregivers of individuals with mental illness especially during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Abdeta
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Defaru Desalegn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Public and Medical Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
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16
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Onwumere J, Grice S, Kuipers E. Delivering Cognitive‐Behavioural Family Interventions for Schizophrenia. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Onwumere
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,
| | - Sarah Grice
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,
- South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and
| | - Elizabeth Kuipers
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London,
- In affiliation with the Biomedical Research Centre at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences
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17
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Dillinger RL, Kersun JM. Caring for caregivers: Understanding and meeting their needs in coping with first episode psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2020; 14:528-534. [PMID: 31452318 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The first episode of psychosis is a challenging time for both patients and those who care for them. Although literature on treatment is plentiful, literature on how to best support caregivers is more scarce. This review was undertaken to better understand the caregiver experience, determine which interventions most effectively alleviate their burden and examine which other factors may affect outcomes. METHODS Articles were retrieved from PubMed and OVID using the following search terms: first episode psychosis (FEP), schizophrenia, caregiver, intervention and burden in various combinations. Only peer-reviewed articles germane to FEP caregiver experience and interventions written in English were included. RESULTS Caregivers can experience grief, guilt and anxiety during this time. While concerned for their loved one, their own lives take a back seat and their mental and physical health are adversely affected. Some are better prepared to cope and are typically warm, decisive, confident and optimistic. Their families are organized and flexible. Others are less prepared and are more likely to have poor self-esteem, use avoidant coping strategies and be overly critical. Their families are controlling and have difficulty with communication and balance. These caregivers stand to benefit most from interventions. CONCLUSIONS Effective interventions incorporate psychoeducation, problem solving strategies, peer support and clinician guidance. A higher level of interaction with facilitators and peers is associated with better results. Benefits include decreases in caregiver burden, depressive and anxious symptoms and feelings of shame and isolation. Although the literature has yet to isolate the key factors of a successful intervention, this review provides practical suggestions for clinicians and further illustrates the need for more research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan M Kersun
- Department of Psychiatry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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18
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Roca M, Vilaregut A, Palma C, Barón FJ, Campreciós M, Mercadal L. Basic Family Relations, Parental Bonding, and Dyadic Adjustment in Families with a Member with Psychosis. Community Ment Health J 2020; 56:1262-1268. [PMID: 32080779 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to describe and explore basic family relations, parental bonding, and dyadic adjustment in families with offspring diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. The sample was made up of 120 participants, 60 in the clinical group (GCL) and 60 in the comparison group (GCP). All participants were assessed using the basic family relations evaluation questionnaire (CERFB), the parental bonding instrument (PBI), and the dyadic adjustment scale (DAS). The results showed differences between the clinical and comparison groups in terms of perceptions of basic family relations, dyadic adjustment and parental bonding. The clinical group recorded less favorable results for all of these variables. More specifically, the study observed significant differences between the groups in parental function, overprotection and caring. This study deepens our understanding of how family assessment and relational diagnoses can serve as prevention and intervention tools for families affected by a psychotic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Roca
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08022, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Vilaregut
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08022, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Palma
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08022, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Salud Mental de Adultos, Consorcio Sanitario del Maresme, 08301, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Barón
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08022, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Salud Mental de Adultos, Consorcio Sanitario del Maresme, 08301, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Campreciós
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08022, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Mercadal
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08022, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Eckardt JP. Caregivers of people with severe mental illness in the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7:e53. [PMID: 32711715 PMCID: PMC7377808 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Izon E, Berry K, Law H, Shiers D, French P. “I don't think I took her fears seriously”: Exploring the experiences of family members of individuals at‐risk of developing psychosis over 12 months. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 27:965-976. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Izon
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- The Psychosis Research Unit Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK
| | - Katherine Berry
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Complex Trauma Research Unit Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK
| | - Heather Law
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- The Psychosis Research Unit Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK
- Youth Mental Health Research Unit Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK
| | - David Shiers
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- The Psychosis Research Unit Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK
- Primary Care and Health Sciences Keele University Newcastle UK
| | - Paul French
- Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust Ashton‐under‐Lyne UK
- Department of Psychology Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
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21
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Lobban F, Akers N, Appelbe D, Chapman L, Collinge L, Dodd S, Flowers S, Hollingsworth B, Johnson S, Jones SH, Mateus C, Mezes B, Murray E, Panagaki K, Rainford N, Robinson H, Rosala-Hallas A, Sellwood W, Walker A, Williamson P. Clinical effectiveness of a web-based peer-supported self-management intervention for relatives of people with psychosis or bipolar (REACT): online, observer-blind, randomised controlled superiority trial. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:160. [PMID: 32290827 PMCID: PMC7158157 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Relatives Education And Coping Toolkit (REACT) is an online supported self-management toolkit for relatives of people with psychosis or bipolar designed to improve access to NICE recommended information and emotional support. AIMS Our aim was to determine clinical and cost-effectiveness of REACT including a Resource Directory (RD), versus RD-only. METHODS A primarily online, observer-blind randomised controlled trial comparing REACT (including RD) with RD only (registration ISRCTN72019945). Participants were UK relatives aged > = 16, with high distress (assessed using the GHQ-28), and actively help-seeking, individually randomised, and assessed online. Primary outcome was relatives' distress (GHQ-28) at 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes were wellbeing, support, costs and user feedback. RESULTS We recruited 800 relatives (REACT = 399; RD only = 401) with high distress at baseline (GHQ-28 REACT mean 40.3, SD 14.6; RD only mean 40.0, SD 14.0). Median time spent online on REACT was 50.8 min (IQR 12.4-172.1) versus 0.5 min (IQR 0-1.6) on RD only. Retention to primary follow-up (24 weeks) was 75% (REACT n = 292 (73.2%); RD-only n = 307 (76.6%)). Distress decreased in both groups by 24 weeks, with no significant difference between the two groups (- 1.39, 95% CI -3.60, 0.83, p = 0.22). Estimated cost of delivering REACT was £62.27 per person and users reported finding it safe, acceptable and convenient. There were no adverse events or reported side effects. CONCLUSIONS REACT is an inexpensive, acceptable, and safe way to deliver NICE-recommended support for relatives. However, for highly distressed relatives it is no more effective in reducing distress (GHQ-28) than a comprehensive online resource directory. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN72019945 prospectively registered 19/11/2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Lobban
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
| | - Nadia Akers
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Duncan Appelbe
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, Alder Hey, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lesley Chapman
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Lizzi Collinge
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Susanna Dodd
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, Alder Hey, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sue Flowers
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Bruce Hollingsworth
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Sonia Johnson
- University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Steven H Jones
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Ceu Mateus
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Barbara Mezes
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Elizabeth Murray
- e-Health and Primary Care, Primary Care & Population Health Institute of Epidemiology & Health, Faculty of Pop Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katerina Panagaki
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Naomi Rainford
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, Alder Hey, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Heather Robinson
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Anna Rosala-Hallas
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, Alder Hey, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - William Sellwood
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Andrew Walker
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Paula Williamson
- Clinical Trials Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, Alder Hey, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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22
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Barbeito S, Sánchez-Gutiérrez T, Becerra-García JA, González Pinto A, Caletti E, Calvo A. A systematic review of online interventions for families of patients with severe mental disorders. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:147-154. [PMID: 31818771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies show the effectiveness of face-to-face interventions with families in improving the prognosis of patients with severe psychiatric disorders and their relatives; however, the effectiveness of online interventions is poorly understood. The current study aims to provide an overview of evidence for the effectiveness of online treatments (web/app) for patients with severe psychiatric disorders and their families. METHOD We performed a systematic review of online treatments for informal family caregivers of patients with a severe psychiatric disorder. The study psychological interventions had to have been administered in an exclusively online format (app, internet) and aimed at families of patients with severe mental disorder (at least one of first episode psychosis, schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar disorder, and psychotic disorder). RESULTS Of a total of 1331 articles, we identified 9 viable studies; 4 randomized clinical trials, and 5 nonrandomized clinical studies. The present study is the first systematic review in this area. Online interventions were well accepted, with good adherence and satisfaction among the caregivers and patients and improved the symptoms of both caregivers and patients. LIMITATIONS Clinical and methodological diversity of the studies. CONCLUSIONS Burden improved, and perceived stress decreased in families. Moreover, the severity of positive symptoms decreased and fewer hospitalizations were recorded in patients than in the control group. Therefore, online interventions are a promising therapeutic approach for patients with severe mental disorder and their families. However, more studies-particularly randomized clinical trials-are needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Barbeito
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Spain.
| | | | | | - Ana González Pinto
- University of the Basque Country, Biomedical Research Center in Mental HealthNet (CIBERSAM), Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain.
| | - Elisabetta Caletti
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Milan, Italy.
| | - Ana Calvo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Spain.
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23
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Taylor JH, Asabere N, Calkins ME, Moore TM, Tang SX, Xavier RM, Merikangas AK, Wolf DH, Almasy L, Gur RC, Gur RE. Characteristics of youth with reported family history of psychosis spectrum symptoms in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Schizophr Res 2020; 216:104-110. [PMID: 31883930 PMCID: PMC7239716 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of family history of psychosis on youth from community samples. To fill this gap, we compared youth with a first-degree relative with psychosis spectrum symptoms (i.e. family history of psychosis spectrum symptoms, FHPS) to youth without FHPS in a cross-sectional analysis of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC). The PNC is a racially diverse community sample of 9498 youth ages 8-21 years old, of whom 8928 completed the Family Interview for Genetic Studies to determine FHPS status. Polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRSS) was available for a subsample of 4433 European Americans. FHPS youth (n = 489) constituted 5.5% of the analytic sample. After adjusting for environmental risk factors (sociodemographic variables and traumatic stressful events), FHPS youth had lower functioning on the Children's Global Assessment Scale and elevated psychosis spectrum, mood, externalizing, and fear symptoms compared to non-FHPS youth (all p < .001). In the European-American subsample, FHPS status was associated with poorer functioning and greater symptom burden in all four psychopathology domains (all p < .001), even after covarying for PRSS. Thus, ascertaining FHPS is important because it is uniquely associated with symptoms and functional impairment in community youth beyond PRS-S and the environmental risk factors we investigated. Future research identifying environmental causes of FHPS-associated impairment could inform the development of interventions for the broad array of symptoms observed in FHPS youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome H Taylor
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Perelman School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Nana Asabere
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Perelman School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Perelman School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Perelman School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunny X Tang
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Perelman School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rose Mary Xavier
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alison K Merikangas
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Perelman School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Perelman School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Perelman School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Perelman School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Perelman School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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24
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Suicide in Schizophrenia: An Educational Overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55070361. [PMID: 31295938 PMCID: PMC6681260 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55070361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is an important public health problem. The most frequent psychiatric illnesses associated with suicide or severe suicide attempt are mood and psychotic disorders. The purpose of this paper is to provide an educational overview of suicidal behavior in individuals with schizophrenia. A lifetime suicide rate in individuals with schizophrenia is approximately 10%. Suicide is the largest contributor to the decreased life expectancy in individuals with schizophrenia. Demographic and psychosocial factors that increase a risk of suicide in individuals with schizophrenia include younger age, being male, being unmarried, living alone, being unemployed, being intelligent, being well-educated, good premorbid adjustment or functioning, having high personal expectations and hopes, having an understanding that life’s expectations and hopes are not likely to be met, having had recent (i.e., within past 3 months) life events, having poor work functioning, and having access to lethal means, such as firearms. Throughout the first decade of their disorder, patients with schizophrenia are at substantially elevated suicide risk, although they continue to be at elevated suicide risk during their lives with times of worsening or improvement. Having awareness of symptoms, especially, awareness of delusions, anhedonia, asociality, and blunted affect, having a negative feeling about, or non-adherence with, treatment are associated with greater suicide risk in patients with schizophrenia. Comorbid depression and a history of suicidal behavior are important contributors to suicide risk in patients with schizophrenia. The only reliable protective factor for suicide in patients with schizophrenia is provision of and compliance with comprehensive treatment. Prevention of suicidal behavior in schizophrenia should include recognizing patients at risk, delivering the best possible therapy for psychotic symptoms, and managing comorbid depression and substance misuse.
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25
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Sher L, Kahn RS. Family interventions and prevention of suicide in first-episode schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 139:484. [PMID: 30839096 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is one of the leading causes of premature death among individuals with schizophrenia and psychotic spectrum disorders (1). Suicide and suicide attempts occur at a significantly greater rate in schizophrenia than in the general population. Common estimates are that 10% of people with schizophrenia will eventually have a completed suicide, and that attempts are made at two to five times that rate. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sher
- James J. Peters Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - R S Kahn
- James J. Peters Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Mueser KT, Meyer-Kalos PS, Glynn SM, Lynde DW, Robinson DG, Gingerich S, Penn DL, Cather C, Gottlieb JD, Marcy P, Wiseman JL, Potretzke S, Brunette MF, Schooler NR, Addington J, Rosenheck RA, Estroff SE, Kane JM. Implementation and fidelity assessment of the NAVIGATE treatment program for first episode psychosis in a multi-site study. Schizophr Res 2019; 204:271-281. [PMID: 30139553 PMCID: PMC6382606 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The NAVIGATE program was developed for the Recovery After Initial Schizophrenia Episode-Early Treatment Program (RAISE-ETP) study, which compared NAVIGATE to usual Community Care in a cluster randomized design involving 34 sites and 404 patients. This article describes the approach to training and implementing the NAVIGATE program at the 17 sites (including 134 practitioners) randomized to provide it, and to evaluating the fidelity of service delivery to the NAVIGATE model. Fidelity was evaluated to five different components of the program, all of which were standardized in manuals in advance of implementation. The components included four interventions (Individualized Resiliency Training, Family Education Program, Supported Employment and Education, Personalized Medication Management) and the overall organization (staffing and structure) of the NAVIGATE team. Most of the sites demonstrated acceptable or higher levels of fidelity in their implementation of the four interventions and the organization of the program, with all 17 sites demonstrating at least acceptable overall fidelity to the NAVIGATE program. The results indicate that the NAVIGATE program can be implemented with good fidelity to the treatment model in a diverse array of community mental health care settings serving persons with a first episode psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim T Mueser
- Boston University, Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Departments of Occupational Therapy, Psychiatry, and Psychology, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Piper S Meyer-Kalos
- University of Minnesota, School of Social Work, Minnesota Center for Chemical and Mental Health, St. Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Shirley M Glynn
- Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David W Lynde
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Psychiatry, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Delbert G Robinson
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, North Shore - Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - David L Penn
- University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Australian Catholic University, School of Psychology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jennifer D Gottlieb
- Boston University, Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Departments of Occupational Therapy, Psychiatry, and Psychology, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer L Wiseman
- University of Minnesota, Minnesota Center for Chemical and Mental Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Sheena Potretzke
- Oregon Health and Science University, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mary F Brunette
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA; Bureau of Mental Health Services, Department of Health and Human Services, Concord, NH, USA
| | - Nina R Schooler
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, North Shore - Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jean Addington
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Sue E Estroff
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John M Kane
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, North Shore - Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Bronx, NY, USA
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27
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Chien WT, Bressington D, Chan SWC. A Randomized Controlled Trial on Mutual Support Group Intervention for Families of People With Recent-Onset Psychosis: A Four-Year Follow-Up. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:710. [PMID: 30618880 PMCID: PMC6305581 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recent research in Western countries has indicated that family interventions in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders can reduce patient relapse and improve medication compliance. Few studies have addressed Chinese and Asian populations. This study tested the long-term effects of a 9-month family-led mutual support group for Chinese people with schizophrenia in Hong Kong, compared with psycho-education and standard psychiatric care. Methods: A randomized controlled trial of Chinese families of patients with recent-onset psychosis (≤5 years of illness) was conducted between August 2012 and January 2017, with a 4-year follow-up. Two hundred and one Chinese families of adult outpatients with recent-onset psychosis were randomly selected from the computerized patient lists and randomly assigned to either mutual support, psycho-education, or standard care group (n = 70 per group). Family caregivers were mainly the parent, spouse, or child of the patients. Mutual support and psycho-education group consisted of 16 two-hour group sessions and patients participated in three sessions. The standard care group and the two treatment groups received the routine psychiatric outpatient care. Results: Patients and families in the mutual support group reported consistently greater improvements in overall functioning [family functioning, F (2, 203) = 8.13, p = 0.003; patient functioning, F (2, 203) = 6.01, p = 0.008] and reductions in duration of hospitalizations [F (2, 203) = 6.51, p = 0.005] over the 4-year follow-up. There were not any significant increases of medication dosages or service use by both the family support and psycho-education groups over time. Conclusions: The peer-led family support group can be an effective psychosocial intervention in early psychosis indicating long-term benefits on both patient and family functioning and re-hospitalizations. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT00940394: https://register.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Bressington
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sally W. C. Chan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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28
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Smith LM, Onwumere J, Craig T, Kuipers E. Caregiver correlates of patient-initiated violence in early psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:412-417. [PMID: 30308465 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patient-initiated violence may pose a significant risk to the strength and longevity of informal caregiving relationships in psychosis. We aimed to assess caregiver reports of patient-initiated violence in early psychosis and to examine the relationship between violent incidents and appraisals of caregiving, perceived mental wellbeing in caregivers and Expressed Emotion (EE) in the caregiving relationship. Eighty psychosis caregivers were recruited via Early Intervention (EI) psychosis services in London, United Kingdom. Caregivers were questioned about their experiences of patient-initiated violence during the semi-structured Camberwell Family Interview, and completed the Experience of Caregiving Inventory and the RAND SF-36 health survey in a cross-sectional experimental design. One third of the sample reported at least one incident of patient-initiated violence. Reports of violence were associated with poorer mental wellbeing scores amongst caregivers and more negative appraisals of caregiving. Patient-initiated violence also correlated with greater criticism and hostility expressed towards patients, and a rating of high EE in caregiver reports. The results underscore the need to ask explicitly and routinely about the physical safety of caregivers looking after someone with psychosis. Families should be directed towards appropriate interventions to help manage any risk of violence and the likely negative impact on the caregiving relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Smith
- King's College London, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 3BX, UK
| | - Juliana Onwumere
- King's College London, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 3BX, UK.
| | - Thomas Craig
- King's College London, Department of Health Services and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Elizabeth Kuipers
- King's College London, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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29
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Hachtel H, Harries C, Luebbers S, Ogloff JR. Violent offending in schizophrenia spectrum disorders preceding and following diagnosis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2018. [PMID: 29543067 DOI: 10.1177/0004867418763103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People affected by schizophrenia spectrum disorders are at a higher risk of offending violently. This study aims to investigate risk factors in relation to the peri-diagnostic period and possible predictors of post-diagnostic violence of people diagnosed for the first time in the public mental health system. METHODS The study compared various risk factors for post-diagnostic violence in patients ( n = 1453) diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Patients were grouped according to the occurrence of peri-diagnostic violence. Of the 246 violent offenders, 164 committed their first offence pre-diagnosis. Mental health and criminological variables were evaluated across the lifespan (median age at end of follow-up = 34.22 years, range = 17.02-55.80 years). RESULTS Gender, employment, non-violent offending, family incidents, violent and non-violent victimisation, substance use, personality disorder, number of in-patient admissions and history of non-compliance differed significantly across violent and non-violent subgroups (all p ⩽ 0.01 and at least small effect size). More frequent and longer inpatient admissions were found in the violent subgroups (all p ⩽ 0.01). For the whole sample, sex, number of violent offences, non-violent offences, violent victimisation, substance use and number of inpatient admissions predicted post-diagnostic violence (χ2 (6) = 188.13, p < 0.001). Among patients with a history of pre-diagnostic violence, a history of non-violent offending in the 18-month period pre-diagnosis was the strongest predictor of future violence (odds ratio = 3.08, 95% confidence interval [1.32, 7.21]). CONCLUSION At triage, violence risk assessment should consider the presence of antisocial behaviour and violent victimisation, substance use, male gender and frequency of inpatient admissions. Common treatment targets for the prevention of post-diagnostic violence include criminality and victimisation. Treatment of positive symptoms should be of greater emphasis for individuals without a history of pre-diagnostic violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hachtel
- 1 Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.,2 Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken (UPK) Basel, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cieran Harries
- 1 Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefan Luebbers
- 1 Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - James Rp Ogloff
- 1 Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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30
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Burbach FR. Family therapy and schizophrenia: a brief theoretical overview and a framework for clinical practice. BJPSYCH ADVANCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/bja.2017.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYFamily or systemic therapy is often contrasted with psychoeducational approaches, but their historical differences have become blurred with the increasing development of integrated family interventions for psychosis. This article describes the theoretical context for the development of integrated family interventions and provides a framework for practice. It presents a collaborative, resource-oriented integrated family intervention for working with families and wider support networks within seven phases: the sharing of information and provision of emotional and practical support; identification of patient, family and wider network resources; encouraging mutual understanding; identification and alteration of unhelpful patterns of interaction; improving stress management, communication and problem-solving skills; coping with symptoms and relapse prevention planning; ending and ensuring that each session is a mini-intervention. It also includes guidelines for family intervention practice, as well as ideas for service development.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Understand the theoretical developments in the field•Be able to apply the integrated framework to family intervention in practice•Consider different ways of developing family-based servicesDECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.
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31
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Systematic Literature Review of Attempted Suicide and Offspring. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15050937. [PMID: 29738447 PMCID: PMC5981976 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Exposure to parental suicide attempt is associated with higher risks of adverse outcomes like lower educational performance, drug abuse and delinquent behavior. When a patient is hospitalized after a suicide attempt, this presents a unique opportunity to identify whether the patient has children, and thereby provide adequate follow-up for both the parent/patient and their children. The objective of this paper was to review the existing literature on follow-up measures for children subjected to parental suicide attempt. Methods: In line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, we conducted a systematic literature search. Results: The search resulted in a total of 1275 article titles, of which all abstracts were screened. Out of these, 72 full text papers were read, and a final four articles were included. Three of the included papers described parts of the same study from an emergency department in The Hague, where a protocol was implemented for monitoring and referring children of parents attempting suicide. The fourth article described the association between maternal attempted suicide and risk of abuse or neglect of their children. Conclusions: The lack of research in this particular area is striking. The circumstances surrounding a parent’s suicide attempt call for appropriate familial care.
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Jansen JE, Haahr UH, Lyse HG, Pedersen MB, Trauelsen AM, Simonsen E. Psychological Flexibility as a Buffer against Caregiver Distress in Families with Psychosis. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1625. [PMID: 29046649 PMCID: PMC5632725 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Research has shown that caregivers of persons with psychosis play an invaluable role in recovery, but unfortunately, often report high levels of distress. While cognitive models of caregiver distress have been well-supported, there is still limited knowledge of the psychological factors involved. Recent advances in cognitive behavioral therapy seem to converge on the importance of acceptance- and mindfulness based processes. Aim: To examine the impact of psychological flexibility on caregiver distress in the early phases of psychosis, while controlling for known predictors of caregiver distress. Method: Within a cross-sectional design, 101 caregivers of 38 persons with first-episode psychosis in a clinical epidemiological sample completed a series of self-report measures. Results: A linear mixed model analysis found that, after controlling for caregiver socio-demographic factors, service user symptoms, drug use and global functioning, psychological flexibility was a significant predictor of caregiver distress. Conclusion: Greater level of psychological flexibility in caregivers, seems to be related to lower levels of caregiver distress. This finding corresponds to studies within a broad range of emotional disorders. There may be important clinical implications in terms of facilitating the process of acceptance through interventions from the ‘third-wave’ or contextual cognitive behavioral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens E Jansen
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Ulrik H Haahr
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Hanne-Grethe Lyse
- Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Marlene B Pedersen
- Early Psychosis Intervention Center, Psychiatry East Region Zealand, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Erik Simonsen
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ruggeri M, Lasalvia A, Santonastaso P, Pileggi F, Leuci E, Miceli M, Scarone S, Torresani S, Tosato S, De Santi K, Cristofalo D, Comacchio C, Tomassi S, Cremonese C, Fioritti A, Patelli G, Bonetto C. Family Burden, Emotional Distress and Service Satisfaction in First Episode Psychosis. Data from the GET UP Trial. Front Psychol 2017; 8:721. [PMID: 28559862 PMCID: PMC5432637 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Literature has documented the role of family in the outcome of chronic schizophrenia. In the light of this, family interventions (FIs) are becoming an integral component of treatment for psychosis. The First Episode of Psychosis (FEP) is the period when most of the changes in family atmosphere are observed; unfortunately, few studies on the relatives are available. Objective: To explore burden of care and emotional distress at baseline and at 9-month follow-up and the levels of service satisfaction at follow-up in the two groups of relatives (experimental treatment EXP vs. treatment as usual TAU) recruited in the cluster-randomized controlled GET UP PIANO trial. Methods: The experimental treatment was provided by routine public Community Mental Health Centers (Italian National Health Service) and consisted of Treatment as Usual plus evidence-based additional treatment (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for psychosis for patients, Family Intervention for psychosis, and Case Management). TAU consisted of personalized outpatient psychopharmacological treatment, combined with non-specific supportive clinical management and informal support/educational sessions for families. The outcomes on relatives were assessed by the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ-EU), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and the Verona Service Satisfaction Scale (VSSS-EU). Differences within and between groups were evaluated. Results: At baseline, 75 TAU and 185 EXP caregivers were assessed. In the experimental group 92% of relatives participated in at least 1 family session. At follow-up both groups experienced improvement in all IEQ and GHQ items, but caregivers belonging to the EXP arm experienced a significantly greater change in 10 IEQ items (mainly pertaining to the “Tension” dimension) and in GHQ items. Due to the low sample size, a significant effectiveness was only observed for 2 IEQ items and 1 GHQ-12 item. With respect to VSSS data at follow-up, caregivers in the EXP arm experienced significantly greater satisfaction in 8 items, almost all pertaining to the dimensions “Relatives' Involvement” and “Professionals' Skills and Behavior.” Conclusions: The Family intervention for psychosis delivered in the GET UP PIANO trial reduced family burden of illness and improved emotional distress and satisfaction with services. These results should encourage to promote FIs on caregivers of first-episode psychosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Ruggeri
- UOC Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria IntegrataVerona, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Antonio Lasalvia
- UOC Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria IntegrataVerona, Italy
| | - Paolo Santonastaso
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova and Azienda OspedalieraPadova, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Leuci
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda USL ParmaParma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Miceli
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda USL FirenzeFirenze, Italy
| | - Silvio Scarone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of MilanoMilan, Italy
| | | | - Sarah Tosato
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Katia De Santi
- UOC Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria IntegrataVerona, Italy
| | - Doriana Cristofalo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Carla Comacchio
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Simona Tomassi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Carla Cremonese
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova and Azienda OspedalieraPadova, Italy
| | - Angelo Fioritti
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda USL BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Patelli
- AO Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda Milano, MHD Programma2000Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
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Gleeson J, Lederman R, Koval P, Wadley G, Bendall S, Cotton S, Herrman H, Crisp K, Alvarez-Jimenez M. Moderated Online Social Therapy: A Model for Reducing Stress in Carers of Young People Diagnosed with Mental Health Disorders. Front Psychol 2017; 8:485. [PMID: 28421012 PMCID: PMC5378069 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Family members caring for a young person diagnosed with the onset of mental health problems face heightened stress, depression, and social isolation. Despite evidence for the effectiveness of family based interventions, sustaining access to specialist family interventions is a major challenge. The availability of the Internet provides possibilities to expand and sustain access to evidence-based psychoeducation and personal support for family members. In this paper we describe the therapeutic model and the components of our purpose-built moderated online social therapy (MOST) program for families. We outline the background to its development, beginning with our face-to-face EPISODE II family intervention, which informed our selection of therapeutic content, and the integration of recent developments in positive psychology. Our online interventions for carers integrate online therapy, online social networking, peer and expert support, and online social problem solving which has been designed to reduce stress in carers. The initial version of our application entitled Meridian was shown to be safe, acceptable, and feasible in a feasibility study of carers of youth diagnosed with depression and anxiety. There was a significant reduction in self-reported levels of stress in caregivers and change in stress was significantly correlated with use of the system. We have subsequently launched a cluster RCT for caregivers with a relative diagnosed with first-episode psychosis. Our intervention has the potential to improve access to effective specialist support for families facing the onset of serious mental health problems in their young relative.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gleeson
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic UniversityFitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Reeva Lederman
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Koval
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic UniversityFitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Greg Wadley
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Bendall
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental HealthParkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sue Cotton
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental HealthParkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Herrman
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental HealthParkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental HealthParkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
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Claxton M, Onwumere J, Fornells-Ambrojo M. Do Family Interventions Improve Outcomes in Early Psychosis? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2017; 8:371. [PMID: 28396643 PMCID: PMC5366348 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Family interventions for psychosis (FIp) are effective in reducing service user relapse and carer distress in people with schizophrenia-spectrum conditions. Several treatment and best practice guidelines recommend FIp for all people with schizophrenia. However, outcome findings in relation to early psychosis groups have been inconsistent. The current paper reports a systematic review and meta-analyses of articles that evaluated FIp in early psychosis with a clearly defined comparison group. A combination of electronic database searches (using PsychINFO, Medline, and CENTRAL), citation searches and hand searches of key journals and reviews was conducted. Peer-reviewed articles published in English from database inception to June 2016 were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool (EPHPP). Seventeen papers from 14 studies met inclusion criteria for review, the overall quality of which was moderate. Meta-analytic synthesis showed that FIp improved service user functioning and reduced the likelihood of relapse by the end of treatment. Psychotic symptoms were significantly reduced in the FIp group at follow up, but this was not evident at end of treatment. In terms of FIp target mechanisms, carers receiving FIp were more likely to shift from high to low expressed emotion and less likely to report patient focused criticism or engage in conflict communication than carers randomized to standard care. Carer burden and well-being were improved by the end of treatment but gains were not sustained at follow up. FIp had no impact on carer emotional over-involvement. The findings indicate that FIp is an effective intervention for early psychosis service users and their relatives. However, further research is required to establish which key therapeutic components of FIp are most effective for whom, in addition to understanding the mechanisms by which FIp might affect positive change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Claxton
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Juliana Onwumere
- Department of Psychology, King's College, London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceLondon, UK
| | - Miriam Fornells-Ambrojo
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College LondonLondon, UK
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Ward B, Reupert A, McCormick F, Waller S, Kidd S. Family-focused practice within a recovery framework: practitioners' qualitative perspectives. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:234. [PMID: 28340614 PMCID: PMC5364722 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Family-focused practice (FFP) is an effective approach to supporting individuals with mental illness. ‘Recovery’ is also central to contemporary mental health care. However, there is a dearth of evidence about how the two concepts are related and subsequently implemented in practice. The aim of this study was to explore practitioners’ understandings and practices of FFP within a recovery framework. Methods Purposive/snowball sampling was used to recruit and conduct qualitative interviews with 11 mental health practitioners in rural Australia. Concurrent sampling and data collection were informed by thematic analysis and continued until data saturation was reached. Results Participants found it difficult to articulate their understandings of FFP within a recovery framework. Nonetheless they were able to describe practices that embodied family-focused recovery. Barriers to such practices included medical models of care, where there are often a shortage of skilled staff and high demands for care. Stigma (self and from others) and confidentiality were also identified as barriers to involving family members in recovery focused care. Conclusions Family-focused recovery care is a priority in many high-income countries. A family-focused recovery framework is needed to assist service planners, practitioners, family members and those with mental health needs and ensure such care is embedded within practice guidelines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2146-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ward
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, PO Box 666, Bendigo, VIC, 3552, Australia.
| | - A Reupert
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - F McCormick
- Psychiatric Services, Bendigo Health, PO Box 126, Bendigo, VIC, 3552, Australia
| | - S Waller
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, PO Box 397, Moe, VIC, 3825, Australia
| | - S Kidd
- Psychiatric Services, Bendigo Health, PO Box 126, Bendigo, VIC, 3552, Australia
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Gleeson J, Lederman R, Herrman H, Koval P, Eleftheriadis D, Bendall S, Cotton SM, Alvarez-Jimenez M. Moderated online social therapy for carers of young people recovering from first-episode psychosis: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:27. [PMID: 28095883 PMCID: PMC5240433 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND First-episode psychosis most often has its onset during late adolescence. In caring for the young person, families endure high levels of stress and depression. Meanwhile, the social networks of families often erode. Our group has previously shown that family cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) leads to significantly improved perceived stress compared with specialist first-episode treatment as usual; however, there are well-known barriers to the dissemination of effective family interventions. To address this, we have developed a novel online intervention entitled 'Altitudes' that fully integrates purpose-built online social networking, expert and peer moderation, and evidence-based psychoeducation within a single application. The primary aim of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of Altitudes in reducing stress in carers over a 6-month period. METHODS/DESIGN We describe here a single-blinded cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) with permutated blocks. The clusters comprise individual families. The two treatment conditions include Altitudes plus Specialist Treatment as Usual (STAU) and STAU alone. Altitudes involves participation in our novel online programme whereas STAU comprises specialist family work at the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre (EPPIC), Melbourne, Australia. We aim to recruit 160 family members of young, 15-27 year-old, patients registered for treatment for first-episode psychosis (FEP) at EPPIC. The design includes two assessment time points, namely, baseline and 6-month follow-up. The study is due for completion within 2 years including an 18-month recruitment period and a 6-month treatment phase. The primary outcome is carers' perceived stress at 6 months. Secondary outcome measures include a biomarker of stress, depressive symptoms, worry, substance use, loneliness, social support, satisfaction with life, and a range of measures that tap into coping resources. We seek to gain a dynamic picture of carer stress through our Smartphone Ecological Momentary Assessment (SEMA) tool. DISCUSSION This is the first randomised controlled trial designed to evaluate an online intervention for carers of young people recovering from FEP. It has the potential to produce evidence in support of a highly novel, accessible, and cost-effective intervention to reduce stress in carers who are providing support to young people at a critical phase in their recovery from psychosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, identifier: ACTRN12616000968471 . Retrospectively registered on 22 July 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gleeson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Reeva Lederman
- The Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Helen Herrman
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Koval
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dina Eleftheriadis
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Bendall
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sue M. Cotton
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mario Alvarez-Jimenez
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Domínguez-Martínez T, Medina-Pradas C, Kwapil TR, Barrantes-Vidal N. Relatives' expressed emotion, distress and attributions in clinical high-risk and recent onset of psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2017; 247:323-329. [PMID: 27951481 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been well-demonstrated that Expressed Emotion (EE) in caregivers of schizophrenia patients is related to their illness attributions, but little is known about relatives' cognitive and emotional appraisals at early stages of psychosis. This study examined differences on the relationships of EE with distress and illness attributions in 78 relatives of At-Risk Mental States (ARMS) and First-Episode of Psychosis (FEP) patients, and which of those variables better predicted EE. Criticism and Emotional Over-Involvement (EOI) were associated with distress and with several illness attributions in both groups. Anxiety was more strongly associated with criticism in ARMS than in FEP-relatives, and it was associated with EOI in the ARMS but not in the FEP-group. No differences on the relationships of EE with depression or attributions were found. Furthermore, distress and attributions of blame toward the patients predicted criticism. Attributions of control by the patient and emotional negative representation about the disorder predicted EOI. Findings highlight the need to focus on early family interventions that provide proper information and psychological support in accordance with the illness stage, to help relatives improve their understanding of the disorder, handle difficult thoughts and emotions, reduce negative appraisals, and prevent high-EE over the psychotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tecelli Domínguez-Martínez
- CONACYT- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristina Medina-Pradas
- Departamento de Educación, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Spain; Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Thomas R Kwapil
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Salut Mental. Sant Pere Claver- Fundació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Inglis A, Morris E, Austin J. Prenatal genetic counselling for psychiatric disorders. Prenat Diagn 2017; 37:6-13. [PMID: 27466037 PMCID: PMC5247258 DOI: 10.1002/pd.4878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder are common disorders with complex aetiology. They can exact a heavy toll on the individual with the condition and can have significant impact on family members too. Accordingly, psychiatric disorders can arise as a concern in the prenatal context - couples may be interested in learning about the chance for their child to develop the illness that manifests in the family and may be interested in discussing options for prenatal testing. However, the complex nature of these conditions can present challenges for clinicians who seek to help families with these issues. We established the world's first specialist genetic counselling service of its kind in Vancouver, Canada, in 2012, and to date, have provided counselling for ~500 families and have demonstrated increases in patients' empowerment and self efficacy after genetic counselling. We draw on our accumulated clinical experience to outline the process by which we approach prenatal genetic counselling for psychiatric disorders to assist other clinicians in providing thoughtful, comprehensive support to couples seeking out this service. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Inglis
- UBC Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Emily Morris
- UBC Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jehannine Austin
- UBC Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Chien WT, Thompson DR, Lubman DI, McCann TV. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Clinician-Supported Problem-Solving Bibliotherapy for Family Caregivers of People With First-Episode Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:1457-1466. [PMID: 27147450 PMCID: PMC5049531 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Family interventions for first-episode psychosis (FEP) are an integral component of treatment, with positive effects mainly on patients' mental state and relapse rate. However, comparatively little attention has been paid to the effects of family interventions on caregivers' stress coping and well-being, especially in non-Western countries. We aimed to test the effects of a 5-month clinician-supported problem-solving bibliotherapy (CSPSB) for Chinese family caregivers of people with FEP in improving family burden and carers' problem-solving and caregiving experience, and in reducing psychotic symptoms and duration of re-hospitalizations, compared with those only received usual outpatient family support (UOFS). A randomized controlled trial was conducted across 2 early psychosis clinics in Hong Kong, where there might be inadequate usual family support services for FEP patients. A total of 116 caregivers were randomly selected, and after baseline measurement, randomly assigned to the CSPSB or UOFS. They were also assessed at 1-week and 6- and 12-month post-intervention. Intention-to-treat analyses were applied and indicated that the CSPSB group reported significantly greater improvements in family burden and caregiving experience, and reductions in severity of psychotic symptoms and duration of re-hospitalizations, than the UOFS group at 6- and 12-month follow-up. CSPSB produces moderate long-term benefits to caregivers and FEP patients, and is a low-cost adjunct to UOFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Tong Chien
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong;
| | - David R. Thompson
- Centre for the Heart and Mind, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia;,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dan I. Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terence V. McCann
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Discipline of Nursing, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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The effectiveness of manual-guided, problem-solving-based self-learning programme for family caregivers of people with recent-onset psychosis: A randomised controlled trial with 6-month follow-up. Int J Nurs Stud 2016; 59:141-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Attachment theory proposes that psychological functioning and affect regulations are influenced by the attachment we form with others. Early relationships with parents or caregivers lay the foundations for attachment styles. These styles are proposed to influence how we relate to others during our life can be modified by the relationships and events we experience in our lifespan. A secure attachment style is associated with a capacity to manage distress, comfort with autonomy and the ability to form relationships with others, whereas insecure attachment can lead to dysfunctional relationships, emotional and behaviour avoidance. Attachment theory provides a useful framework to inform our understanding of relationship difficulties in people with psychosis. This paper aims to complement recent systematic reviews by providing an overview of attachment theory, its application to psychosis, including an understanding of measurement issues and the clinical implications offered. METHOD A narrative review was completed of the measures of attachment and parental bonding in psychosis. Its clinical implications are also discussed. The paper also explores the link between insecure attachment styles and illness course, social functioning and symptomatology. The following questions are addressed: What are the key attachment measures that have been used within the attachment and psychosis literature? What are the results of studies that have measured attachment or parental bonding in psychosis and what clinical implications can we derive from it? What are some of the key questions for future research from these findings in relation to the onset of psychosis research field? RESULTS The most commonly used measures of attachment in psychosis research are reviewed. Self-report questionnaires and semi-structured interviews have mainly been used to examine attachment styles in adult samples and in recent years comprise a measure specifically developed for a psychosis group. The review suggests that insecure attachment styles are common in psychosis samples. Key relationships were observed between insecure, avoidant and anxious attachment styles and psychosis development, expression and long-term outcome. CONCLUSIONS Attachment theory can provide a useful framework to facilitate our understanding of interpersonal difficulties in psychosis that may predate its onset and impact on observed variability in outcomes, including treatment engagement. Greater attention should be given to the assessment of attachment needs and to the development of interventions that seek to compensate for these difficulties. However, further investigations are required on specifying the exact mechanisms by which specific attachment styles impact on the development of psychosis and its course.
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Abstract
This article reviews the results of longitudinal studies on frontal brain volume reduction in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and focuses on the relationship with antipsychotic treatment. Based on a systematic literature search all studies were included in which results on changes of brain volumes over a longer period of time were correlated with antipsychotic treatment dose and disease severity. The findings indicate that there is evidence for grey and white matter volume changes of the frontal brain, which cannot be explained by the severity of the disease alone but are also very likely a manifestation of long-term effects of antipsychotics. Whether second generation antipsychotics have an advantage compared to first generation antipsychotics is currently unclear. Considering the contribution of antipsychotics to the changes in brain structure, which seem to depend on cumulative dosage and can exert adverse effects on neurocognition, negative and positive symptoms and psychosocial functioning, the guidelines for antipsychotic long-term drug treatment should be reconsidered. This is the reason why we and others recommend prescribing the lowest dose necessary to control symptoms. In non-schizophrenic psychiatric disorders, antipsychotics should be used only with great caution after a careful risk-benefit assessment. Moreover, treatment approaches which can help to minimize antipsychotic medication or even administer them only selectively are of increasing importance.
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44
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Ota VK, Noto C, Santoro ML, Spindola LM, Gouvea ES, Carvalho CM, Santos CM, Xavier G, Higuchi CH, Yonamine C, Moretti PN, Abílio VC, Hayashi MAF, Brietzke E, Gadelha A, Cordeiro Q, Bressan RA, Belangero SI. Increased expression of NDEL1 and MBP genes in the peripheral blood of antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:2416-25. [PMID: 26476704 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder with high heritability. First-episode psychosis (FEP) is a critical period for determining the disease prognosis and is especially helpful for identifying potential biomarkers associated with the onset and progression of the disorder. We investigated the mRNA expression of 12 schizophrenia-related genes in the blood of antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients (N=73) and healthy controls (N=73). To evaluate the influences of antipsychotic treatment and progression of the disorder, we compared the gene expression within patients before and after two months of treatment with risperidone (N=64). We observed a significantly increased myelin basic protein (MBP) and nuclear distribution protein nudE-like 1 (NDEL1) mRNA levels in FEP patients compared with controls. Comparing FEP before and after risperidone treatment, no significant differences were identified; however; a trend of relatively low NDEL1 expression was observed after risperidone treatment. Animals chronically treated with saline or risperidone exhibited no significant change in Ndel1 expression levels in the blood or the prefrontal cortex (PFC), suggesting that the trend of low NDEL1 expression observed in FEP patients after treatment is likely due to factors other than risperidone treatment (i.e., disease progression). In addition to the recognized association with schizophrenia, MBP and NDEL1 gene products also play an essential role in the functions that are deregulated in schizophrenia, such as neurodevelopment. Our data strengthen the importance of these biological processes in psychotic disorders, indicating that these changes can be detected peripherally and potentially represent putative novel blood biomarkers of susceptibility and disorder progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kiyomi Ota
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Noto
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), Brazil
| | - Marcos Leite Santoro
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Maria Spindola
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sauerbronn Gouvea
- Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), Brazil
| | - Carolina Muniz Carvalho
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Camila Maurício Santos
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Xavier
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Hiroko Higuchi
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Camila Yonamine
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Natalia Moretti
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Costhek Abílio
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Akemi F Hayashi
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil
| | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil.
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Harrop C, Ellett L, Brand R, Lobban F. Friends interventions in psychosis: a narrative review and call to action. Early Interv Psychiatry 2015; 9:269-78. [PMID: 25130455 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To highlight the importance of friendships to young people with psychosis, and the need for clinical interventions to help maintain peer relationships during illness. To structure a research agenda for developing evidence-based interventions with friends. METHOD An argument is developed through a narrative review of (i) the proven efficacy of family interventions, and (by comparison) a relative absence of friend-based interventions; (ii) the particular primacy of friendships and dating for young people, and typical effects of exclusion; and (iii) reduced friendship networks and dating experiences in psychosis, in pre-, during and post-psychosis phases, also links between exclusion and psychosis. RESULTS We put forward a model of how poor friendships can potentially be a causal and/or maintenance factor for psychotic symptoms. Given this model, our thesis is that interventions aiming to maintain social networks can be hugely beneficial clinically for young people with psychosis. We give a case study to show how such an intervention can work. CONCLUSIONS We call for 'friends interventions' for young people with psychosis to be developed, where professionals directly work with a young person's authentic social group to support key friendships and maintain social continuity. An agenda for future research is presented that will develop and test theoretically driven interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Harrop
- Early Intervention Service, West London Mental Health Trust, Middlesex, UK
| | - Lyn Ellett
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, UK
| | - Rachel Brand
- Early Intervention Service, South West London and St Georges Mental Health Trust, London, UK
| | - Fiona Lobban
- Spectrum Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
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Caqueo-Urízar A, Rus-Calafell M, Urzúa A, Escudero J, Gutiérrez-Maldonado J. The role of family therapy in the management of schizophrenia: challenges and solutions. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:145-51. [PMID: 25609970 PMCID: PMC4298308 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s51331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Family interventions for schizophrenia have been amply demonstrated to be effective and are recommended by most of the international clinical guidelines. However, their implementation in the clinical setting as well as in treatment protocols of patients with psychosis has not been fully achieved yet. With the increasing deinstitutionalization of patients, family has begun to assume the role of care performed by psychiatric hospitals, with a high emotional cost for caregivers as well as the recognition of burden experiences. Families have been the substitute in the face of the scarcity of therapeutic, occupational, and residential resources. For this reason, the viability of patients' care by their families has become a challenge. This article aims to discuss the most important aspects of family interventions, their impact on families, and the most important challenges that need to be overcome in order to achieve well-being and recovery in both patients and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mar Rus-Calafell
- Department of Social Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alfonso Urzúa
- Alfonso Urzúa Morales, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jorge Escudero
- Departamento de Filosofía y Psicología, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - José Gutiérrez-Maldonado
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Jansen JE, Gleeson J, Cotton S. Towards a better understanding of caregiver distress in early psychosis: a systematic review of the psychological factors involved. Clin Psychol Rev 2014; 35:56-66. [PMID: 25531423 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to review empirical studies of psychological factors accounting for distress in caregivers of young people with early psychosis. METHOD Following the PRISMA guidelines, we included studies that empirically tested psychological models of caregiver distress in early psychosis by searching the following databases up until March 2014: PsycINFO, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). This was followed by additional manual searches of reference lists and relevant journals. RESULTS The search identified 15 papers describing 13 studies together comprising 1056 caregivers of persons with early psychosis. The mean age of caregivers was 47.2years (SD=9.8), of whom 71.5% were female and 74.4% were parents. Nine different psychological variables were examined in the included studies, which were categorised in the following non-mutually exclusive groups: coping, appraisal/attribution and interpersonal response. There was considerable data to support the link between distress and psychological factors such as avoidant coping, appraisal and emotional over-involvement. However, the possibilities of drawing conclusions were limited by a number of methodological issues, including cross-sectional data, small sample sizes, confounding variables not being accounted for, and a wide variation in outcome measures. DISCUSSION The strengths of the review were the systematic approach, the exclusion of non-empirical papers and the rating of methodological quality by two independent raters. Limitations were that we excluded studies published in languages other than English, that data extraction forms were developed for this study and hence not tested for validity, and that there was a potential publication bias in favour of significant findings. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS A better grasp of the psychological factors accounting for caregiver distress early in the course of illness may help us understand the trajectory of distress. This is an important step in preventing long-term distress in caregivers and supporting recovery in the whole family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Einar Jansen
- Early Psychosis Intervention Center/Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Smedegade 10, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - John Gleeson
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Locked Bag 4115, Fitzroy MDC, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Sue Cotton
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Locked Bag 10, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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48
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Poulton R, Van Ryzin MJ, Harold GT, Chamberlain P, Fowler D, Cannon M, Arseneault L, Leve LD. Effects of multidimensional treatment foster care on psychotic symptoms in girls. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 53:1279-87. [PMID: 25457926 PMCID: PMC4254696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurodevelopmental theories of psychosis highlight the potential benefits of early intervention, prevention, and/or preemption. How early intervention should take place has not been established, nor whether interventions based on social learning principles can have preemptive effects. The objective was to test whether a comprehensive psychosocial intervention can significantly alter psychotic symptom trajectories during adolescence-a period of heightened risk for a wide range of psychopathology. METHOD This study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) for delinquent adolescent girls. Assessment of psychotic symptoms took place at baseline and then 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-baseline using a standardized self-report instrument (Brief Symptom Inventory). A second source of information about psychotic symptoms was obtained at baseline or 12 months, and again at 24 months using a structured diagnostic interview (the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children [DISC]). RESULTS Significant benefits for MTFC over treatment as usual for psychosis symptoms were observed over a 24-month period. Findings were replicated across both measures. Effects were independent of substance use and initial symptom severity and persisted beyond the initial intervention period. CONCLUSION Ameliorating nonclinical psychotic symptoms trajectories beginning in mid-adolescence via a multifaceted psychosocial intervention is possible. Developmental research on nonclinical psychotic symptoms and their prognostic value should be complemented by more psychosocial intervention research aimed at modifying these symptom trajectories early in their natural history. Clinical trial registration information-Juvenile Justice Girls Randomized Control Trial: Young Adult Follow-up; http://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01341626.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | | | - Gordon T. Harold
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, UK, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia, and the MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | | | - David Fowler
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Mary Cannon
- Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin and Beaumont Hospital, Dublin
| | | | - Leslie D. Leve
- University of Oregon and the Oregon Social Learning Center
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49
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Patterns and correlates of expressed emotion, perceived criticism, and rearing style in first admitted early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis 2014; 202:783-7. [PMID: 25259947 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess patterns and correlates of family variables in 31 adolescents treated for their first episode of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (early-onset schizophrenia [EOS]). Expressed emotion, perceived criticism, and rearing style were assessed. Potential correlates were patient psychopathology, premorbid adjustment, illness duration, quality of life (QoL), sociodemographic variables, patient and caregiver "illness concept," and caregiver personality traits and support. Families were rated as critical more frequently by patients than raters (55% vs. 13%). Perceived criticism was associated with worse QoL in relationship with parents and peers. An adverse rearing style was associated with a negative illness concept in patients, particularly with less trust in their physician. Future research should examine perceived criticism as a predictor of relapse and indicator of adolescents with EOS who need extended support and treatment. Rearing style should be carefully observed because of its link with patients' illness concept and, potentially, to service engagement and medication adherence.
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50
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Ota VK, Noto C, Gadelha A, Santoro ML, Spindola LM, Gouvea ES, Stilhano RS, Ortiz BB, Silva PN, Sato JR, Han SW, Cordeiro Q, Bressan RA, Belangero SI. Changes in gene expression and methylation in the blood of patients with first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 2014; 159:358-64. [PMID: 25270546 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental health disorder with high heritability. The investigation of individuals during their first-episode psychosis (FEP), before the progression of psychotic disorders and especially before treatment with antipsychotic medications, is particularly helpful for understanding this complex disease and for the identification of potential biomarkers. In this study, we compared the expression of genes that are involved in neurotransmission and neurodevelopment of antipsychotic-naive FEP in the peripheral blood of patients (n=51) and healthy controls (n=51). In addition, we investigated the differentially expressed genes with respect to a) DNA methylation, b) the correlation between gene expression and clinical variables (PANSS), and c) gene expression changes after risperidone treatment. Expression levels of 11 genes were quantified with SYBR Green. For methylation analysis, bisulfite sequencing was performed. A significant decrease in GCH1 mRNA levels was observed in FEP patients relative to controls. Also, when we compare the FEP patients after risperidone treatment with controls, this difference remains significant, and no significant differences were observed in GCH1 mRNA levels when comparing patients before and after risperidone treatment. Additionally, although the differences were non-significant after Bonferroni correction, the expression of GCH1 seemed to be correlated with PANSS scores, and the GCH1 promoter region was more methylated in FEP than in controls, thus corroborating the results obtained at the mRNA level. Few studies have been conducted on GCH1, and future studies are needed to clarify its potential role in the progression of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kiyomi Ota
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC-Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil.
| | - Cristiano Noto
- LiNC-Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), Brazil.
| | - Ary Gadelha
- LiNC-Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Leite Santoro
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC-Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil.
| | - Leticia Maria Spindola
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC-Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Sauerbronn Gouvea
- Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), Brazil.
| | | | | | - Patricia Natalia Silva
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC-Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil.
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- LiNC-Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Brazil.
| | | | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- LiNC-Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil.
| | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; LiNC-Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences of UNIFESP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry of UNIFESP, Brazil.
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