1
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Borges R, Gu C, Machado JD, Ewing AG. The dynamic nature of exocytosis from large secretory vesicles. A view from electrochemistry and imaging. Cell Calcium 2023; 110:102699. [PMID: 36708611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this brief review, we discuss the factors that modulate the quantum size and the kinetics of exocytosis. We also discuss the determinants which motivate the type of exocytosis from the so-called kiss-and-run to full fusion and along the intermediate mode of partial release. Kiss-and-run release comprises the transient opening of a nanometer (approx. 2 nm diameter) fusion pore between vesicle and plasma membrane allowing a small amount of release. Partial release comprises a larger more extended opening of the pore to allow a larger fraction of released vesicle content and is what is observed as normal full release in most electrochemical measurements. Partial release appears to be dominant in dense core vesicles and perhaps synaptic vesicles. The concept of partial release leads to the fraction released as a plastic component of exocytosis. Partial vesicular distension and the kinetics of exocytosis can be modulated by second messengers, physiological modulators, and drugs. This concept adds a novel point of regulation for the exocytotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Borges
- Pharmacology Unit, Medical School, Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife. Spain
| | - Chaoyi Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - José-David Machado
- Pharmacology Unit, Medical School, Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife. Spain
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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2
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De Sousa KP, Rossi I, Abdullahi M, Ramirez MI, Stratton D, Inal JM. Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles and future directions in diagnosis and therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1835. [PMID: 35898167 PMCID: PMC10078256 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a unique and heterogeneous class of lipid bilayer nanoparticles secreted by most cells. EVs are regarded as important mediators of intercellular communication in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells due to their ability to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to recipient cells. In addition to their physiological role, EVs are recognized as modulators in pathological processes such as cancer, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, providing new potential targets for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. For a complete understanding of EVs as a universal cellular biological system and its translational applications, optimal techniques for their isolation and characterization are required. Here, we review recent progress in those techniques, from isolation methods to characterization techniques. With interest in therapeutic applications of EVs growing, we address fundamental points of EV-related cell biology, such as cellular uptake mechanisms and their biodistribution in tissues as well as challenges to their application as drug carriers or biomarkers for less invasive diagnosis or as immunogens. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina P De Sousa
- Bioscience Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Izadora Rossi
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK.,Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mahamed Abdullahi
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Dan Stratton
- Open University, The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Jameel Malhador Inal
- Bioscience Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK.,School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
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3
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Motlaq VF, Adlmann FA, Hernández VA, Vorobiev A, Wolff M, Bergström LM. Dissolution mechanism of supported phospholipid bilayer in the presence of amphiphilic drug investigated by neutron reflectometry and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183976. [PMID: 35662645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The influence and interaction of the ionizable amphiphilic drug amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMT) on a 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) phospholipid bilayer supported on a silica surface have been investigated using a combination of neutron reflectometry and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. Adding AMT solutions with concentrations 3, 12, and 50 mM leaves the lipid bilayer mainly intact and we observe most of the AMT molecules attached to the head-group region of the outer bilayer leaflet. Virtually no AMT penetrates into the hydrophilic head-group region of the inner leaflet close to the silica surface. By adding 200 mM AMT solution, the lipid bilayer dissolved entirely, indicating a threshold concentration for the solubilization of the bilayer by AMT. The observed threshold concentration is consistent with the observation that various bilayer structures abruptly transform into mixed AMT-DOPC micelles beyond a certain AMT-DOPC composition. Based on our experimental observations, we suggest that the penetration of drug into the phospholipid bilayer, and subsequent solubilization of the membrane, follows a two-step mechanism with the outer leaflet being removed prior to the inner leaflet.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Forooqi Motlaq
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 547, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F A Adlmann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 547, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - V Agmo Hernández
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 547, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Vorobiev
- Division for Materials Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Wolff
- Division for Materials Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L M Bergström
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 547, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
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4
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PC-12 Cell Line as a Neuronal Cell Model for Biosensing Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070500. [PMID: 35884303 PMCID: PMC9313070 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PC-12 cells have been widely used as a neuronal line study model in many biosensing devices, mainly due to the neurogenic characteristics acquired after differentiation, such as high level of secreted neurotransmitter, neuron morphology characterized by neurite outgrowth, and expression of ion and neurotransmitter receptors. For understanding the pathophysiology processes involved in brain disorders, PC-12 cell line is extensively assessed in neuroscience research, including studies on neurotoxicity, neuroprotection, or neurosecretion. Various analytical technologies have been developed to investigate physicochemical processes and the biosensors based on optical and electrochemical techniques, among others, have been at the forefront of this development. This article summarizes the application of different biosensors in PC-12 cell cultures and presents the modern approaches employed in neuronal networks biosensing.
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5
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Nguyen TD, Mellander L, Lork A, Thomen A, Philipsen M, Kurczy ME, Phan NT, Ewing AG. Visualization of Partial Exocytotic Content Release and Chemical Transport into Nanovesicles in Cells. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4831-4842. [PMID: 35189057 PMCID: PMC8945366 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
For decades, "all-or-none" and "kiss-and-run" were thought to be the only major exocytotic release modes in cell-to-cell communication, while the significance of partial release has not yet been widely recognized and accepted owing to the lack of direct evidence for exocytotic partial release. Correlative imaging with transmission electron microscopy and NanoSIMS imaging and a dual stable isotope labeling approach was used to study the cargo status of vesicles before and after exocytosis; demonstrating a measurable loss of transmitter in individual vesicles following stimulation due to partial release. Model secretory cells were incubated with 13C-labeled l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, resulting in the loading of 13C-labeled dopamine into their vesicles. A second label, di-N-desethylamiodarone, having the stable isotope 127I, was introduced during stimulation. A significant drop in the level of 13C-labeled dopamine and a reduction in vesicle size, with an increasing level of 127I-, was observed in vesicles of stimulated cells. Colocalization of 13C and 127I- in several vesicles was observed after stimulation. Thus, chemical visualization shows transient opening of vesicles to the exterior of the cell without full release the dopamine cargo. We present a direct calculation for the fraction of neurotransmitter release from combined imaging data. The average vesicular release is 60% of the total catecholamine. An important observation is that extracellular molecules can be introduced to cells during the partial exocytotic release process. This nonendocytic transport process appears to be a general route of entry that might be exploited pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tho Duc
Khanh Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Lisa Mellander
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Alicia Lork
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Aurélien Thomen
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Mai Philipsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Michael E. Kurczy
- DMPK,
Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism
(CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg S-431 83, Sweden
| | - Nhu T.N. Phan
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
- E-mail:
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6
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Hendus-Altenburger R, Vogensen J, Pedersen ES, Luchini A, Araya-Secchi R, Bendsoe AH, Prasad NS, Prestel A, Cardenas M, Pedraz-Cuesta E, Arleth L, Pedersen SF, Kragelund BB. The intracellular lipid-binding domain of human Na +/H + exchanger 1 forms a lipid-protein co-structure essential for activity. Commun Biol 2020; 3:731. [PMID: 33273619 PMCID: PMC7713384 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic interactions of proteins with lipid membranes are essential regulatory events in biology, but remain rudimentarily understood and particularly overlooked in membrane proteins. The ubiquitously expressed membrane protein Na+/H+-exchanger 1 (NHE1) regulates intracellular pH (pHi) with dysregulation linked to e.g. cancer and cardiovascular diseases. NHE1 has a long, regulatory cytosolic domain carrying a membrane-proximal region described as a lipid-interacting domain (LID), yet, the LID structure and underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here we decompose these, combining structural and biophysical methods, molecular dynamics simulations, cellular biotinylation- and immunofluorescence analysis and exchanger activity assays. We find that the NHE1-LID is intrinsically disordered and, in presence of membrane mimetics, forms a helical αα-hairpin co-structure with the membrane, anchoring the regulatory domain vis-a-vis the transport domain. This co-structure is fundamental for NHE1 activity, as its disintegration reduced steady-state pHi and the rate of pHi recovery after acid loading. We propose that regulatory lipid-protein co-structures may play equally important roles in other membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Hendus-Altenburger
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jens Vogensen
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Emilie Skotte Pedersen
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Alessandra Luchini
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Raul Araya-Secchi
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anne H Bendsoe
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Nanditha Shyam Prasad
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Andreas Prestel
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Marité Cardenas
- Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Per Albin Hanssons Väg 35, 214 32, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elena Pedraz-Cuesta
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Lise Arleth
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Stine F Pedersen
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Birthe B Kragelund
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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7
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Ren L, Dowlatshahi Pour M, Malmberg P, Ewing AG. Altered Lipid Composition of Secretory Cells Following Exposure to Zinc Can Be Correlated to Changes in Exocytosis. Chemistry 2019; 25:5406-5411. [PMID: 30762272 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A micromolar concentration of zinc has been shown to significantly change the dynamics of exocytosis as well as the vesicle contents in a model cell line, providing direct evidence that zinc regulates neurotransmitter release. To provide insight into how zinc modulates these exocytotic processes, neurotransmitter release and vesicle content were compared with single cell amperometry and intracellular impact vesicle cytometry with a range of zinc concentrations. Additionally, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) images of lipid distributions in the cell membrane after zinc treatment correlate to changes in exocytosis. By combining electrochemical techniques and mass spectrometry imaging, we proposed a mechanism by which zinc changes the fusion pore and the rate of neurotransmitter release by changing lipid distributions and results in the modulation of synaptic strength and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Masoumeh Dowlatshahi Pour
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Chemical Imaging Infrastructure, CII, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Malmberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Chemical Imaging Infrastructure, CII, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Chemical Imaging Infrastructure, CII, University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Luchini A, Nzulumike ANO, Lind TK, Nylander T, Barker R, Arleth L, Mortensen K, Cárdenas M. Towards biomimics of cell membranes: Structural effect of phosphatidylinositol triphosphate (PIP 3) on a lipid bilayer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 173:202-209. [PMID: 30292933 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide (PIP) lipids are anionic phospholipids playing a fundamental role for the activity of several transmembrane and soluble proteins. Among all, phosphoinositol-3',4',5'-trisphosphate (PIP3) is a secondary signaling messenger that regulates the function of proteins involved in cell growth and gene transcription. The present study aims to reveal the structure of PIP-containing lipid membranes, which so far has been little explored. For this purpose, supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) containing 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-3',4',5'-trisphosphate (DOPIP3) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) were used as mimics of biomembranes. Surface sensitive techniques, i.e. Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Neutron Reflectometry (NR), provided detailed information on the formation of the SLB and the location of DOPIP3 in the lipid membrane. Specifically, QCM-D and AFM were used to identify the best condition for lipid deposition and to estimate the total bilayer thickness. On the other hand, NR was used to collect experimental structural data on the DOPIP3 location and orientation within the lipid membrane. The two bilayer leaflets showed the same DOPIP3 concentration, thus suggesting the formation of a symmetric bilayer. The headgroup layer thicknesses of the pure POPC and the mixed POPC/DOPIP3 bilayer suggest that the DOPIP3-headgroups have a preferred orientation, which is not perpendicular to the membrane surface, but instead it is close to the surrounding lipid headgroups. These results support the proposed PIP3 tendency to interact with the other lipid headgroups as PC, so far exclusively suggested by MD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Luchini
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Achebe N O Nzulumike
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tania K Lind
- Nano-Science Center and Institute of Chemistry, Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces and Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Per Albin Hanssons Väg 35, 214 32, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tommy Nylander
- Physical Chemistry 1, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Robert Barker
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Lise Arleth
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kell Mortensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marité Cárdenas
- Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces and Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Per Albin Hanssons Väg 35, 214 32, Malmö, Sweden.
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9
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Moreira B, Tuoriniemi J, Kouchak Pour N, Mihalčíková L, Safina G. Surface Plasmon Resonance for Measuring Exocytosis from Populations of PC12 Cells: Mechanisms of Signal Formation and Assessment of Analytical Capabilities. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3069-3077. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Moreira
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården
4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jani Tuoriniemi
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården
4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Naghmeh Kouchak Pour
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården
4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lýdia Mihalčíková
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården
4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gulnara Safina
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemigården
4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Division
of Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 1, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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10
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Luchini A, Gerelli Y, Fragneto G, Nylander T, Pálsson GK, Appavou MS, Paduano L. Neutron Reflectometry reveals the interaction between functionalized SPIONs and the surface of lipid bilayers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 151:76-87. [PMID: 27987458 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The safe application of nanotechnology devices in biomedicine requires fundamental understanding on how they interact with and affect the different components of biological systems. In this respect, the cellular membrane, the cell envelope, certainly represents an important target or barrier for nanosystems. Here we report on the interaction between functionalized SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), promising contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and lipid bilayers that mimic the plasma membrane. Neutron Reflectometry, supported by Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) experiments, was used to characterize this interaction by varying both SPION coating and lipid bilayer composition. In particular, the interaction of two different SPIONs, functionalized with a cationic surfactant and a zwitterionic phospholipid, and lipid bilayers, containing different amount of cholesterol, were compared. The obtained results were further validated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements and Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (Cryo-TEM) images. None of the investigated functionalized SPIONs were found to disrupt the lipid membrane. However, in all case we observed the attachment of the functionalized SPIONs onto the surface of the bilayers, which was affected by the bilayer rigidity, i.e. the cholesterol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Luchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; CSGI - Consorzio interuniversitario per lo sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Italy; Institut Laue-Langevin, BP 156, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yuri Gerelli
- Institut Laue-Langevin, BP 156, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanna Fragneto
- Institut Laue-Langevin, BP 156, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tommy Nylander
- Physical Chemistry 1, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnar K Pálsson
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science, Garching Forschungszentrum, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; CSGI - Consorzio interuniversitario per lo sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Italy.
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11
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On the acoustic wave sensor response to immortalized hypothalamic neurons at the device-liquid interface. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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12
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Li X, Dunevall J, Ewing AG. Quantitative Chemical Measurements of Vesicular Transmitters with Electrochemical Cytometry. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:2347-2354. [PMID: 27622924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical cytometry adds a new dimension to our ability to study the chemistry and chemical storage of transmitter molecules stored in nanometer vesicles. The approach involves the adsorption and subsequent rupture of vesicles on an electrode surface during which the electroactive contents are quantitatively oxidized (or reduced). The measured current allows us to count the number of molecules in the vesicles using Faraday's law and to correlate this to the amount of molecules released when single exocytosis events take place at communicating cells. The original format for this method involved a capillary electrophoresis separation step to singly address each vesicle, but we have more recently discovered that cellular vesicles tend to adsorb to carbon electrodes and spontaneously as well as stochastically rupture to give mostly single vesicle events. This approach, called impact electrochemical cytometry, even though the impact is perhaps not the important part of this process, has been studied and the vesicle rupture appears to be at the interface between the vesicle and the electrode and is probably driven by electroporation. The pore size and rate of content electrolysis are a function of the pore diameter and the presence of a protein core in the vesicles. In model liposomes with no protein, events appear extremely rapidly as the soft nanoparticles impact the electrode and the contents are oxidized. It appears that the proteins decorating the surface of the vesicle are important in maintaining a gap from the electrode and when this gap is closed electroporation takes place. Models of the event response times suggest the pores formed are small enough so we can carry out these measurements at nanotip electrodes and we have used this to quantify the vesicle content in living cells in a mode we call intracellular impact electrochemical cytometry. The development of electrochemical cytometry allows comparison between vesicle content and vesicular release and we have found that only part of the vesicle content is released in typical exocytotic cases measured by amperometry. This has led to the novel hypothesis that most exocytosis from dense core vesicles is via mechanism where vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, some content is released and then close again to be reloaded and reused. It leaves open the possibility that cells regulate release during individual events. This might be important in learning and memory and be a nonreceptor pharmaceutical target for brain-related disorders. Indeed, the concept of the chemo-brain observed in cisplatin-treated cancer patients appears to be at least in part the result of changing the fraction of transmitter released and we have been able to show this by using the combined amperometric measurement of release and electrochemical cytometry at model cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchan Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Dunevall
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Abstract
Exocytosis is the fundamental process by which cells communicate with each other. The events that lead up to the fusion of a vesicle loaded with chemical messenger with the cell membrane were the subject of a Nobel Prize in 2013. However, the processes occurring after the initial formation of a fusion pore are very much still in debate. The release of chemical messenger has traditionally been thought to occur through full distention of the vesicle membrane, hence assuming exocytosis to be all or none. In contrast to the all or none hypothesis, here we discuss the evidence that during exocytosis the vesicle-membrane pore opens to release only a portion of the transmitter content during exocytosis and then close again. This open and closed exocytosis is distinct from kiss-and-run exocytosis, in that it appears to be the main content released during regular exocytosis. The evidence for this partial release via open and closed exocytosis is presented considering primarily the quantitative evidence obtained with amperometry.
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15
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Kunze A, Steel D, Dahlenborg K, Sartipy P, Svedhem S. Non-Invasive Acoustical sensing of Drug-Induced Effects on the Contractile Machinery of Human Cardiomyocyte Clusters. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125540. [PMID: 25961711 PMCID: PMC4427273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for improved models for cardiotoxicity testing. Here we propose acoustic sensing applied to beating human cardiomyocyte clusters for non-invasive, surrogate measuring of the QT interval and other characteristics of the contractile machinery. In experiments with the acoustic method quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), the shape of the recorded signals was very similar to the extracellular field potential detected in electrochemical experiments, and the expected changes of the QT interval in response to addition of conventional drugs (E-4031 or nifedipine) were observed. Additionally, changes in the dissipation signal upon addition of cytochalasin D were in good agreement with the known, corresponding shortening of the contraction-relaxation time. These findings suggest that QCM-D has great potential as a tool for cardiotoxicological screening, where effects of compounds on the cardiomyocyte contractile machinery can be detected independently of whether the extracellular field potential is altered or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Kunze
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Peter Sartipy
- Cellectis AB, Göteborg, Sweden
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Sofia Svedhem
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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16
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Stratton D, Lange S, Kholia S, Jorfi S, Antwi-Baffour S, Inal J. Label-free real-time acoustic sensing of microvesicle release from prostate cancer (PC3) cells using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:619-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Liu Q, Wu C, Cai H, Hu N, Zhou J, Wang P. Cell-based biosensors and their application in biomedicine. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6423-61. [PMID: 24905074 DOI: 10.1021/cr2003129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
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18
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The real catecholamine content of secretory vesicles in the CNS revealed by electrochemical cytometry. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1447. [PMID: 23486177 PMCID: PMC3596796 DOI: 10.1038/srep01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolution of synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter content has mostly been limited to the study of stimulated release in cultured cell systems, and it has been controversial as to whether synaptic vesicle transmitter levels are saturated in vivo. We use electrochemical cytometry to count dopamine molecules in individual synaptic vesicles in populations directly sampled from brain tissue. Vesicles from the striatum yield an average of 33,000 dopamine molecules per vesicle, an amount considerably greater than typically measured during quantal release at cultured neurons. Vesicular content was markedly increased by L-DOPA or decreased by reserpine in a time-dependent manner in response to in vivo administration of drugs known to alter dopamine release. We investigated the effects of the psychostimulant amphetamine on vesicle content, finding that vesicular transmitter is rapidly depleted by 50% following in vivo administration, supporting the “weak base hypothesis” that amphetamine reduces synaptic vesicle transmitter and quantal size.
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19
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Responses of platelets and endothelial cells to heparin/fibronectin complex on titanium: In situ investigation by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation and immunochemistry. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:235-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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20
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Dewilde AH, Wang G, Zhang J, Marx KA, Therrien JM, Braunhut SJ. Quartz crystal microbalance measurements of mitochondrial depolarization predicting chemically induced toxicity of vascular cells and macrophages. Anal Biochem 2013; 439:50-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Tymchenko N, Kunze A, Dahlenborg K, Svedhem S, Steel D. Acoustical sensing of cardiomyocyte cluster beating. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 435:520-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Frost R, Norström E, Bodin L, Langhammer C, Sturve J, Wallin M, Svedhem S. Acoustic detection of melanosome transport in Xenopus laevis melanophores. Anal Biochem 2012; 435:10-8. [PMID: 23262280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Organelle transport studies are often performed using melanophores from lower vertebrates due to the ease of inducing movements of pigment granules (melanosomes) and visualizing them by optical microscopy. Here, we present a novel methodology to monitor melanosome translocation (which is a light-sensitive process) in the dark using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) technique. This acoustic sensing method was used to study dispersion and aggregation of melanosomes in Xenopus laevis melanophores. Reversible sensor responses, correlated to optical reflectance measurements, were obtained by alternating addition and removal of melatonin (leading to melanosome aggregation) and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) (leading to melanosome dispersion). By confocal microscopy, it was shown that a vertical redistribution of melanosomes occurred during the dispersion/aggregation processes. Furthermore, the transport process was studied in the presence of cytoskeleton-perturbing agents disrupting either actin filaments (latrunculin) or microtubules (nocodazole). Taken together, these experiments suggest that the acoustic responses mainly originate from melanosome transport along actin filaments (located close to the cell membrane), as expected based on the penetration depth of the QCM-D technique. The results clearly indicate the potential of QCM-D for studies of intracellular transport processes in melanophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickard Frost
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Tymchenko N, Nilebäck E, Voinova MV, Gold J, Kasemo B, Svedhem S. Reversible Changes in Cell Morphology due to Cytoskeletal Rearrangements Measured in Real-Time by QCM-D. Biointerphases 2012; 7:43. [DOI: 10.1007/s13758-012-0043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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25
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Abstract
The basis for communication between nerve cells lies in the process of exocytosis, the fusion of neurotransmitter filled vesicles with the cell membrane resulting in release of the signaling molecules. Even though much is known about this process, the extent that the vesicles are emptied upon fusion is a topic that is being debated. We have analyzed amperometric peaks corresponding to release at PC12 cells and find stable plateau currents during the decay of peaks, indicating closing of the vesicle after incomplete release of its content. Using lipid incubations to alter the amount of transmitter released we were able to estimate the initial vesicular content, and from that, the fraction of release. We propose a process for most exocytosis events where the vesicle partially opens to release transmitter and then closes directly again, leaving the possibility for regulation of transmission within events.
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Yang Z, Tu Q, Maitz MF, Zhou S, Wang J, Huang N. Direct thrombin inhibitor-bivalirudin functionalized plasma polymerized allylamine coating for improved biocompatibility of vascular devices. Biomaterials 2012; 33:7959-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Welle A. Competitive plasma protein adsorption on modified polymer surfaces monitored by quartz crystal microbalance technique. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 15:357-70. [PMID: 15147167 DOI: 10.1163/156856204322977238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the effects of photochemical modifications of polymer surfaces on the competitive adsorption of serum proteins and cell adhesion (hepatoma cell line HepG2, L929 fibroblasts and others). The UV modification of polystyrene, poly(methylmethacrylate) and polycarbonate alters the physico-chemical properties of these polymers in a way that allows the formation of micrometer scaled cellular patterns in vitro by controlling the composition and properties of the protein adsorbate. Using a quartz microbalance technique, capable to extract viscoelastic data in addition to the mass load of the polymer coated sensor, we have demonstrated the importance of the thickness and the viscosity of an albumin adsorbate for the observed cell adhesion in vitro. The quantity and viscosity of surface bound albumin on polystyrene, being a cell repellent material in its native state, is lowered when the surface is exposed to UV of lambda = 185 nm in air prior to the contact with albumin solutions or cell culture media. This promotes the deposition of cell adhesion proteins and explains the observed cell patterns. Apart from this special application the described quartz microbalance with dissipation monitoring provides a useful tool for general biocompatibility studies based on surface phenomena of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Welle
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Biophysics, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P. O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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28
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Saitakis M, Gizeli E. Acoustic sensors as a biophysical tool for probing cell attachment and cell/surface interactions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:357-71. [PMID: 21997385 PMCID: PMC11114954 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic biosensors offer the possibility to analyse cell attachment and spreading. This is due to the offered speed of detection, the real-time non-invasive approach and their high sensitivity not only to mass coupling, but also to viscoelastic changes occurring close to the sensor surface. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and surface acoustic wave (Love-wave) systems have been used to monitor the adhesion of animal cells to various surfaces and record the behaviour of cell layers under various conditions. The sensors detect cells mostly via their sensitivity in viscoelasticity and mechanical properties. Particularly, the QCM sensor detects cytoskeletal rearrangements caused by specific drugs affecting either actin microfilaments or microtubules. The Love-wave sensor directly measures cell/substrate bonds via acoustic damping and provides 2D kinetic and affinity parameters. Other studies have applied the QCM sensor as a diagnostic tool for leukaemia and, potentially, for chemotherapeutic agents. Acoustic sensors have also been used in the evaluation of the cytocompatibility of artificial surfaces and, in general, they have the potential to become powerful tools for even more diverse cellular analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Saitakis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion-Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 100 N. Plastira Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
| | - Electra Gizeli
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion-Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 100 N. Plastira Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion-Crete, Greece
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29
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Cheung S, Fick LJ, Belsham DD, Lovejoy DA, Thompson M. Interfacial behavior of immortalized hypothalamic mouse neurons detected by acoustic wave propagation. Analyst 2011; 136:4412-21. [PMID: 21866285 DOI: 10.1039/c1an15534b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The attachment of immortalized hypothalamic murine neurons onto the surface of an acoustic wave device yields both positive series resonant frequency (f(s)) and motional resistance (R(m)) shifts as opposed to commonly reported negative f(s) and positive R(m) shifts observed for other cell types. These unique shifts have been confirmed by a variety of experiments in order to verify the source and the validity of the signals. These studies involved monitoring responses to solution flow, the absence of serum proteins, the effect of reducing specific cell -surface interactions and the disruption of the neuronal cytoskeleton components. For the adhesion and deposition of neurons, f(s) and R(m) shifts are positively correlated to the amount of adhered neurons on the sensor surface, whereas non-adhered neurons do not produce any significant change in the monitored parameters. In the absence of serum proteins, initial cell adhesion is followed by subsequent cell death and removal from the sensor surface. The presence of the peptide, GRGDS is observed to significantly reduce cell-surface specific interactions compared to the control of SDGRG and this produces f(s) and R(m) responses that are opposite in direction to that observable for cell adhesion. Cytoskeletal studies, using the drugs nocodazole (10 μM), colchicine (1 μM), cytochalasin B (10 μM) and cytochalasin D (2 μM) all elicit neuronal responses that are validated by phalloidin actin-filament staining. These results indicate that the responses are associated with a wide range of cellular changes that can be monitored and studied using the acoustic wave method in real time, under optimal physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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30
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Vaish A, Liao WS, Shuster MJ, Hinds JM, Weiss PS, Andrews AM. Thin gold film-assisted fluorescence spectroscopy for biomolecule sensing. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7451-6. [PMID: 21866911 DOI: 10.1021/ac2016536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a configuration for fluorescence spectroscopy that exploits the optical properties of semitransparent gold films and widely available instrumentation. This method enables monitoring of biomolecule interactions with small molecules tethered on substrates in multicomponent environments. The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) was covalently attached to self-assembled monolayers on thin gold films at low density to facilitate antibody recognition. Protein-binding studies were performed in a fluorescently labeled immunoassay format. We find that the use of this method enables evaluation of nonspecific binding and relative quantification of specific binding between competing binding partners. This fluorescence spectroscopy technique has the potential to assess biosensor or medical device responses in complex biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Vaish
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-7227, USA
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31
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Tagaya M, Ikoma T, Takemura T, Hanagata N, Yoshioka T, Tanaka J. Effect of interfacial proteins on osteoblast-like cell adhesion to hydroxyapatite nanocrystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:7645-7653. [PMID: 21615097 DOI: 10.1021/la200621p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) technique was employed to detecting the protein adsorption and subsequent osteoblast-like cell adhesion to hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocrystals. The interfacial phenomena with the preadsorption of three proteins (albumin (BSA), fibronectin (Fn), and collagen (Col)), the subsequent adsorption of fetal bovine serum (FBS), and the adhesion of the cells were investigated. The QCM-D measured the frequency shift (Δf) and dissipation energy shift (ΔD), and the viscoelastic properties of the adlayers were evaluated using ΔD-Δf plot and Voigt-based viscoelastic model. The Col adsorption significantly showed higher Δf, ΔD, elasticity, and viscosity values as compared to the BSA and Fn adsorption, and the subsequent FBS adsorption depended on the preadsorbed proteins. The ΔD-Δf plot of the cell adhesion also showed a different behavior depending on the surfaces, and the Fn- and Col-modified surfaces showed the rapid mass and ΔD changes by forming the viscous interfacial layers with cell adhesion, indicating that the processes were affected by the cellular reaction through the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The confocal laser scanning microscope images of adherent cells showed a different morphology and pseudopod on the surfaces. The cells adhered to the surfaces modified with the Fn and Col had significantly uniaxially expanded shapes and fibrous pseudopods, and those modified with the BSA had a round shape. Therefore, the different cell-protein interactions would cause the arrangement of the ECM and the cytoskeleton changes at the interfaces, and these phenomena were successfully detected by the QCM-D and Voigt-based model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Tagaya
- Department of Metallurgy and Ceramics Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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32
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Tagaya M, Ikoma T, Takemura T, Hanagata N, Okuda M, Yoshioka T, Tanaka J. Detection of interfacial phenomena with osteoblast-like cell adhesion on hydroxyapatite and oxidized polystyrene by the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:7635-7644. [PMID: 21595447 DOI: 10.1021/la200008z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion process of osteoblast-like cells on hydroxyapatite (HAp) and oxidized polystyrene (PSox) was investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), and atomic force microscope (AFM) techniques in order to clarify the interfacial phenomena between the surfaces and cells. The interfacial viscoelastic properties (shear viscosity (η(ad)), elastic shear modulus (μ(ad)), and tan δ) of the preadsorbed protein layer and the interface layer between the surfaces and cells were estimated using a Voigt-based viscoelastic model from the measured frequency (Δf) and dissipation shift (ΔD) curves. In the ΔD-Δf plots, the cell adhesion process on HAp was classified as (1) a mass increase only, (2) increases in both mass and ΔD, and (3) slight decreases in mass and ΔD. On PSox, only ΔD increases were observed, indicating that the adhesion behavior depended on the surface properties. The interfacial μ(ad) value between the material surfaces and cells increased with the number of adherent cells, whereas η(ad) and tanδ decreased slightly, irrespective of the surface. Thus, the interfacial layer changed the elasticity to viscosity with an increase in the number. The tan δ values on HAp were higher than those on PSox and exceeded 1.0. Furthermore, the pseudopod-like structures of the cells on HAp had periodic stripe patterns stained with a type I collagen antibody, whereas those on PSox had cell-membrane-like structures unstained with type I collagen. These results indicate that the interfacial layers on PSox and HAp exhibit elasticity and viscosity, respectively, indicating that the rearrangements of the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton changes cause different cell-surface interactions. Therefore, the different cell adhesion process, interfacial viscoelasticity, and morphology depending on the surfaces were successfully monitored in situ and evaluated by the QCM-D technique combined with other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Tagaya
- Department of Metallurgy & Ceramics Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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Tarantola M, Pietuch A, Schneider D, Rother J, Sunnick E, Rosman C, Pierrat S, Sönnichsen C, Wegener J, Janshoff A. Toxicity of gold-nanoparticles: Synergistic effects of shape and surface functionalization on micromotility of epithelial cells. Nanotoxicology 2010; 5:254-68. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2010.528847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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34
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Ogi H, Nagai H, Fukunishi Y, Yanagida T, Hirao M, Nishiyama M. Multichannel Wireless-Electrodeless Quartz-Crystal Microbalance Immunosensor. Anal Chem 2010; 82:3957-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100527r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Ogi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-3, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan, and Central Workshop, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-2, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and PRESTO, JST. 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hironao Nagai
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-3, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan, and Central Workshop, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-2, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and PRESTO, JST. 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuji Fukunishi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-3, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan, and Central Workshop, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-2, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and PRESTO, JST. 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Taiji Yanagida
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-3, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan, and Central Workshop, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-2, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and PRESTO, JST. 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hirao
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-3, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan, and Central Workshop, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-2, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and PRESTO, JST. 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-3, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan, and Central Workshop, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-2, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and PRESTO, JST. 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
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35
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Omiatek DM, Dong Y, Heien ML, Ewing AG. Only a Fraction of Quantal Content is Released During Exocytosis as Revealed by Electrochemical Cytometry of Secretory Vesicles. ACS Chem Neurosci 2010; 1:234-245. [PMID: 20368748 DOI: 10.1021/cn900040e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary method for neuronal communication involves the release of chemical messengers that are packaged intracellularly in vesicles. Although experiments measuring release at single cells have classically been thought to assess the entire content of vesicles, there is evidence in the literature that suggests that the total transmitter stored in vesicles is not expelled during exocytosis. In this work, we introduce a novel technology using a microfluidic-based platform to electrochemically probe individual PC12 cell vesicles isolated from the cell environment. We measure the total vesicular content using methodology that circumvents the biophysical processes of the cell associated with exocytosis. Direct comparisons of amperometric data from release experiments at single PC12 cells versus our cell-free model reveal that on average vesicles release only 40% of their total transmitter load. The data support the intriguing hypothesis that the average vesicle does not open all the way during the normal exocytosis process, resulting in incomplete distention of the vesicular contents. In addition, we have shown that vesicular catecholamine levels can be altered with pharmacological manipulation and variances observed from these treatments can be resolved at the single vesicle level in a high-throughput manner, a process that we have termed electrochemical cytometry. Upon establishing that release in exocytotic processes proceeds in an incomplete manner, electrochemical data quantified from both single cell release experiments and electrochemical cytometry of vesicles were related to vesicular volume from electron microscopy measurements to investigate the location of intravesicular catecholamine stores retained post-fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M. Omiatek
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Michael L. Heien
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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36
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Saravia V, Toca-Herrera JL. Substrate influence on cell shape and cell mechanics: HepG2 cells spread on positively charged surfaces. Microsc Res Tech 2009; 72:957-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Cooper MA. Signal transduction profiling using label-free biosensors. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2009; 29:224-33. [DOI: 10.1080/10799890903047825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chou HC, Yan TR, Chen KS. Detecting cells on the surface of a silver electrode quartz crystal microbalance using plasma treatment and graft polymerization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 73:244-9. [PMID: 19545984 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper utilizes a silver electrode quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) mass sensor to detect the physiology of cells. This study also investigates the plasma surface modification of silver electrode QCMs through deposition of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDSZ) films as a protection film. To improve the cell growth, this paper also performs post-treatments by surface-grafting acrylic acid (AAc), acrylamide (AAm), and oxygen plasma treatment onto the QCM electrodes. Experimental results indicate that plasma deposition is a useful technique to protect the surface of silver electrodes. This technique extends the unpeeling time of silver electrodes from 1 to 7 days. The hydrophilic silver electrode QCM surface modified by AAm exhibited a better storage time effect than other post-treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Che Chou
- Institute of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei 104, Tawain, ROC
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Electropolymerized tyrosine-based thin films: Selective cell binding via peptide recognition to novel electropolymerized biomimetic tyrosine RGDY films. Anal Biochem 2009; 384:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Berglin M, Olsson A, Elwing H. The Interaction Between Model Biomaterial Coatings and Nylon Microparticles as Measured with a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring. Macromol Biosci 2008; 8:410-6. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200700218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Elsom J, Lethem MI, Rees GD, Hunter AC. Novel quartz crystal microbalance based biosensor for detection of oral epithelial cell–microparticle interaction in real-time. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 23:1259-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Welle A, Chiumiento A, Barbucci R. Competitive protein adsorption on micro patterned polymeric biomaterials, and viscoelastic properties of tailor made extracellular matrices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 24:87-91. [PMID: 16861035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioeng.2006.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion on biomaterial surfaces and the vitality of anchorage dependent cells is affected by several parameters of an adsorbate layer which is intentionally or spontaneously formed. Surface pre-treatments and several conditioning steps prior and during to the cell/biomaterial contact affect the composition, orientation, quantity and viscoelasticity of the interfacing layer between cells and biomaterial. This work was performed to elucidate the response of cells on two modified biomaterial surfaces based on protein or carbohydrate adsorbates: (a) Masked UV irradiations opened a simple route to obtain chemically patterned substrates controlling serum protein adsorption and cell adhesion. It is possible to achieve structures of subcellular size and to produce immobilized gradients. In order to examine the protein matrix deposited on these substrates we applied a quartz microbalance technique (QCM-D) capable to extract viscoelastic data in addition to the mass uptake during plasma protein deposition. It was found that the quantity and viscosity of surface bound albumin is lowered when the surface is modified (patterned) by UV exposure. Hence, the UV modification promotes the competitive adsorption of cell adhesion proteins from the media or upon secretion by the cells and yields to the observed cell patterns. (b) Another tissue engineering technique, using immobilized, modified and/or cross linked hyaluronic acid (HA), an important extra cellular matrix component in vivo, is also examined by QCM-D. Our data demonstrate that HA can be modified by an activation with a carbodiimide, followed by the application of an alpha,omega-bisamino polyethyleneglycol. The QCM-D data can be interpreted as a stiffening of the HA layer combined with the release of hydration water. Further, the hydration state and the viscoelastic behaviour of surface bound ultrathin HA hydrogels was examined. Quantification of viscoelastic parameters of thin films of ECM by QCM-D is valuable for the interpretation of durotaxis, describing effects of mechanical substrate parameters on the adhesion and motility of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Welle
- Institute for Biological Interfaces, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Cooper MA, Singleton VT. A survey of the 2001 to 2005 quartz crystal microbalance biosensor literature: applications of acoustic physics to the analysis of biomolecular interactions. J Mol Recognit 2007; 20:154-84. [PMID: 17582799 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The widespread exploitation of biosensors in the analysis of molecular recognition has its origins in the mid-1990s following the release of commercial systems based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). More recently, platforms based on piezoelectric acoustic sensors (principally 'bulk acoustic wave' (BAW), 'thickness shear mode' (TSM) sensors or 'quartz crystal microbalances' (QCM)), have been released that are driving the publication of a large number of papers analysing binding specificities, affinities, kinetics and conformational changes associated with a molecular recognition event. This article highlights salient theoretical and practical aspects of the technologies that underpin acoustic analysis, then reviews exemplary papers in key application areas involving small molecular weight ligands, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, bacteria, cells and lipidic and polymeric interfaces. Key differentiators between optical and acoustic sensing modalities are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Cooper
- Akubio Ltd., 181 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom, UK.
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Zhang H, Zhao R, Chen Z, Shangguan DH, Liu G. QCM–FIA with PGMA coating for dynamic interaction study of heparin and antithrombin III. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 21:121-7. [PMID: 15967359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2004] [Revised: 08/15/2004] [Accepted: 08/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe a method of constructing a film of linear poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) polymer onto the surface of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) electrode as a coating material that allows easy coupling of heparin molecules onto the electrode and facilitates the determination of the interaction between heparin and antithrombin III (AT III). The PGMA film was characterized with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and infra-red spectroscopy. The coupling of heparin was accomplished in one step solution reaction. A home-made quartz crystal microbalance-flow injection analysis (QCM-FIA) system with data analysis software developed in our laboratory was used to determine the interaction. The interactions between immobilized heparin and AT III were studied with various concentrations under various conditions. The obtained constants are kass=(1.49+/-0.12)x10(3)mol-1ls-1, kdiss=(3.94+/-0.63)x10(-2)s-1, KA=(3.82+/-0.33)x10(4)mol-1l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwu Zhang
- Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Ha TH, Kim S, Lim G, Kim K. Influence of liquid medium and surface morphology on the response of QCM during immobilization and hybridization of short oligonucleotides. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 20:378-89. [PMID: 15308244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2003] [Revised: 02/09/2004] [Accepted: 02/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
With the goal of developing a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-based DNA sensor, we have conducted an in situ QCM study along with fluorescence measurements using oligonucleotides (15-mer) as a model single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA) in two different aqueous buffer solutions; the sequence of 15-mer is a part of iduronate-2-sulphate exon whose mutation is known to cause Hunter syndrome, and the 15-mer is thiolated to be immobilized on the Au-coated quartz substrate. The fluorescence data indicate that the initial immobilization as well as the subsequent hybridization with a complementary strand is hardly dependent on the kind of buffer solution. In contrast, the mass increases deducible from the decrease of QCM frequency via the Sauerbrey equation are 2.7-6.2 and 3.0-4.4 times larger than the actual mass increases, as reflected in the fluorescence measurements, for the immobilization and the subsequent hybridization processes, respectively. Such an overestimation is attributed to the trapping of solvent as well as the formation of quite a rigid hydration layer associated with the higher viscosities and/or densities of the buffer solutions. Another noteworthy observation is the excessively large frequency change that occurs when the gold electrode is deposited in advance with Au nanoparticles. This clearly illustrates that the QCM detection of DNA hybridization is also affected greatly by the surface morphology of the electrode. These enlarged signals are altogether presumed to be advantageous when using a QCM system as an in situ probing device in DNA sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Hwan Ha
- Laboratory of Intelligent Interfaces, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Granéli A, Edvardsson M, Höök F. DNA-Based Formation of a Supported, Three-Dimensional Lipid Vesicle Matrix Probed by QCM-D and SPR. Chemphyschem 2004; 5:729-33. [PMID: 15179728 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200301061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Granéli
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology and Göteborg University, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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Fuks B, Gillard M, Michel P, Lynch B, Vertongen P, Leprince P, Klitgaard H, Chatelain P. Localization and photoaffinity labelling of the levetiracetam binding site in rat brain and certain cell lines. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 478:11-9. [PMID: 14555179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Levetiracetam (2S-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)butanamide, KEPPRA, a novel antiepileptic drug, has been shown to bind to a specific binding site located in the brain (Eur. J. Pharmacol. 286 (1995) 137). To identify the protein constituent of the levetiracetam binding site in situ, we synthesized the photoaffinity label [3H]ucb 30889 ((2S)-2-[4-(3-azidophenyl)-2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl]butanamide), a levetiracetam analog with higher affinity for the levetiracetam binding site. This radioligand was used to map the levetiracetam binding site within the brain and to study its cellular and subcellular distribution. Autoradiography experiments using [3H]ucb 30889 in rat brain revealed a unique distribution profile that did not match that of classical receptors known to be involved in the generation of epileptic seizures. There was a high level of binding in the dentate gyrus, the superior colliculus, several thalamic nuclei, the molecular layer of the cerebellum and to a lesser extent in the cerebral cortex, the striatum and the hypothalamus. The levetiracetam binding site was restricted to neuronal cell types, undifferentiated PC12 cells and was highly enriched in synaptic vesicles. [3H]ucb 30889 was also used in photoaffinity labelling studies and shown to bind covalently to a membrane protein with a molecular weight of approximately 90 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fuks
- UCB S.A, Pharma Sector, In vitro Pharmacology, Building R4, Chemin du Foriest, 1420, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium.
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Hug TS. Biophysical Methods for Monitoring Cell-Substrate Interactions in Drug Discovery. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2003; 1:479-88. [PMID: 15090185 DOI: 10.1089/154065803322163795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-substrate interactions are implicated in a number of relevant pathways for drug targets such as angiogenesis, arteriosclerosis, chronic inflammatory diseases, and carcinogenesis. Moreover, cell adhesion and cytoskeletal activity have served as valuable indicators for cytotoxicity, cell density, and cell morphology. This review focuses on impedance, capacitance, resonant frequency, and refractive index measurements for monitoring cell adhesion in real time and without the use of cell labeling. ECIS, QCM, and OWLS deliver information about the cell-substrate interactions, cell-cell contact, and the strength of cell adhesion. Because of high sensitivity of these assays, events down to the single cell level have been observed, and resolutions at the nanometer level of cell-substrate distances have been achieved. The physical principles, including assay sensitivity and selectivity, are discussed in the context of cellular pathways of cell adhesion and migration. With the miniaturization of these types of sensors, cell migration and adhesion measurements in combination with specific fluorescent assays might thus deliver a high-content platform for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Hug
- Actuators and Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microtechnology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Persson AI, Thorlin T, Bull C, Zarnegar P, Ekman R, Terenius L, Eriksson PS. Mu- and delta-opioid receptor antagonists decrease proliferation and increase neurogenesis in cultures of rat adult hippocampal progenitors. Eur J Neurosci 2003; 17:1159-72. [PMID: 12670304 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Opioids have previously been shown to affect proliferation and differentiation in various neural cell types. In the present study, cultured rat adult hippocampal progenitors (AHPs) were shown to release beta-endorphin. Membrane preparations of AHPs were found to bind [125I]beta-endorphin, and immunoreactivity for mu- and delta-opioid receptors (MORs and DORs), but not for kappa-opioid receptors (KORs), was found on cells in culture. Both DNA content and [3H]thymidine incorporation were reduced after a 48-h incubation with 100 microM naloxone, 10 micro m naltrindole or 10 microM beta-funaltrexamine, but not nor-binaltorphimine, suggesting proliferative actions of endogenous opioids against MORs and DORs on AHPs. Furthermore, analysis of gene and protein expression after incubation with MOR and DOR antagonists for 48 h using RT-PCR and Western blotting suggested decreased signalling through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and lowered levels of genes and proteins that are important in cell cycling. Cultures were incubated with naloxone (10 or 100 microM) for 10 days to study the effects on differentiation. This resulted in an approximately threefold increase in neurogenesis, a threefold decrease in astrogliogenesis and a 50% decrease in oligodendrogenesis. In conclusion, this study suggests that reduced signalling through MORs and DORs decreases proliferation in rat AHPs, increases the number of in vitro-generated neurons and reduces the number of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders I Persson
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
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