1
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Ahmad A, Kim SJ, Jeong YJ, Khan MS, Park J, Lee DW, Lee C, Choi YJ, Yi HG. Coaxial bioprinting of a stentable and endothelialized human coronary artery-sized in vitro model. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39119756 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00601a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis accounts for two-thirds of deaths attributed to cardiovascular diseases, which continue to be the leading cause of mortality. Current clinical management strategies for atherosclerosis, such as angioplasty with stenting, face numerous challenges, including restenosis and late thrombosis. Smart stents, integrated with sensors that can monitor cardiovascular health in real-time, are being developed to overcome these limitations. This development necessitates rigorous preclinical trials on either animal models or in vitro models. Despite efforts being made, a suitable human-scale in vitro model compatible with a cardiovascular stent has remained elusive. To address this need, this study utilizes an in-bath bioprinting method to create a human-scale, freestanding in vitro model compatible with cardiovascular stents. Using a coaxial nozzle, a tubular structure of human coronary artery (HCA) size is bioprinted with a collagen-based bioink, ensuring good biocompatibility and suitable rheological properties for printing. We precisely replicated the dimensions of the HCA, including its internal diameter and wall thickness, and simulated the vascular barrier functionality. To simplify post-processing, a pumpless perfusion bioreactor is fabricated to culture a HCA-sized model, eliminating the need for a peristaltic pump and enabling scalability for high-throughput production. This model is expected to accelerate stent development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37666, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jin Jeong
- Department of Automatic System, Chosun College of Science & Technology, Gwangju, 61453, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Soban Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Weon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Changho Lee
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Jin Choi
- Bio and Healthcare Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea.
- Advanced Materials Engineering, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Gyeong Yi
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea
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2
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Newton JD, Song Y, Park S, Kanagarajah KR, Wong AP, Young EWK. Tunable In Situ Synthesis of Ultrathin Extracellular Matrix-Derived Membranes in Organ-on-a-Chip Devices. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2401158. [PMID: 38587309 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Thin cell culture membranes in organ-on-a-chip (OOC) devices are used to model a wide range of thin tissues. While early and most current platforms use microporous or fibrous elastomeric or thermoplastic membranes, there is an emerging class of devices using extra-cellular matrix (ECM) protein-based membranes to improve their biological relevance. These ECM-based membranes present physiologically relevant properties, but they are difficult to integrate into OOC devices due to their relative fragility. Additionally, the specialized fabrication methods developed to date make comparison between methods difficult. This work presents the development and characterization of a method to produce ultrathin matrix-derived membranes (UMM) in OOC devices that requires only a preassembled thermoplastic device and a micropipette, decoupling the device and UMM fabrication processes. Control over the thickness and permeability of the UMM is demonstrated, along with integration of the UMM in a device enabling high-resolution on-chip microscopy. The reliability of the UMM fabrication method is leveraged to develop a medium-throughput well-plate format device with 32 independent UMM-integrated samples. Finally, proof-of-concept cell culture experiments are demonstrated. Due to its simplicity and controllability, the presented method has the potential to overcome technical barriers preventing wider adoption of physiologically relevant ECM-based membranes in OOC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Newton
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Yuetong Song
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 656 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Siwan Park
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Kayshani R Kanagarajah
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 656 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amy P Wong
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 656 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Edmond W K Young
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
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3
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Ugodnikov A, Persson H, Simmons CA. Bridging barriers: advances and challenges in modeling biological barriers and measuring barrier integrity in organ-on-chip systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3199-3225. [PMID: 38689569 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier, skin, and intestinal mucosal barrier play key roles in homeostasis, disease physiology, and drug delivery - as such, it is important to create representative in vitro models to improve understanding of barrier biology and serve as tools for therapeutic development. Microfluidic cell culture and organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems enable barrier modelling with greater physiological fidelity than conventional platforms by mimicking key environmental aspects such as fluid shear, accurate microscale dimensions, mechanical cues, extracellular matrix, and geometrically defined co-culture. As the prevalence of barrier-on-chip models increases, so does the importance of tools that can accurately assess barrier integrity and function without disturbing the carefully engineered microenvironment. In this review, we first provide a background on biological barriers and the physiological features that are emulated through in vitro barrier models. Then, we outline molecular permeability and electrical sensing barrier integrity assessment methods, and the related challenges specific to barrier-on-chip implementation. Finally, we discuss future directions in the field, as well important priorities to consider such as fabrication costs, standardization, and bridging gaps between disciplines and stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Ugodnikov
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Henrik Persson
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
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4
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Liu Y, Yao X, Fan C, Zhang G, Luo X, Qian Y. Microfabrication and lab-on-a-chip devices promote in vitromodeling of neural interfaces for neuroscience researches and preclinical applications. Biofabrication 2023; 16:012002. [PMID: 37832555 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Neural tissues react to injuries through the orchestration of cellular reprogramming, generating specialized cells and activating gene expression that helps with tissue remodeling and homeostasis. Simplified biomimetic models are encouraged to amplify the physiological and morphological changes during neural regeneration at cellular and molecular levels. Recent years have witnessed growing interest in lab-on-a-chip technologies for the fabrication of neural interfaces. Neural system-on-a-chip devices are promisingin vitromicrophysiological platforms that replicate the key structural and functional characteristics of neural tissues. Microfluidics and microelectrode arrays are two fundamental techniques that are leveraged to address the need for microfabricated neural devices. In this review, we explore the innovative fabrication, mechano-physiological parameters, spatiotemporal control of neural cell cultures and chip-based neurogenesis. Although the high variability in different constructs, and the restriction in experimental and analytical access limit the real-life applications of microphysiological models, neural system-on-a-chip devices have gained considerable translatability for modeling neuropathies, drug screening and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyun Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Guifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
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5
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Cacheux J, Bancaud A, Alcaide D, Suehiro JI, Akimoto Y, Sakurai H, Matsunaga YT. Endothelial tissue remodeling induced by intraluminal pressure enhances paracellular solute transport. iScience 2023; 26:107141. [PMID: 37416478 PMCID: PMC10320514 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial layers of the microvasculature regulate the transport of solutes to the surrounding tissues. It remains unclear how this barrier function is affected by blood flow-induced intraluminal pressure. Using a 3D microvessel model, we compare the transport of macromolecules through endothelial tissues at mechanical rest or with intraluminal pressure, and correlate these data with electron microscopy of endothelial junctions. On application of an intraluminal pressure of 100 Pa, we demonstrate that the flow through the tissue increases by 2.35 times. This increase is associated with a 25% expansion of microvessel diameter, which leads to tissue remodeling and thinning of the paracellular junctions. We recapitulate these data with the deformable monopore model, in which the increase in paracellular transport is explained by the augmentation of the diffusion rate across thinned junctions under mechanical stress. We therefore suggest that the deformation of microvasculatures contributes to regulate their barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cacheux
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- LIMMS, CNRS-IIS UMI 2820, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Aurélien Bancaud
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- LIMMS, CNRS-IIS UMI 2820, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- CNRS, LAAS, 7 Avenue Du Colonel Roche, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Alcaide
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Suehiro
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Akimoto
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakurai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yukiko T. Matsunaga
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- LIMMS, CNRS-IIS UMI 2820, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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6
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Gao F, Sun H, Li X, He P. Leveraging avidin-biotin interaction to quantify permeability property of microvessels-on-a-chip networks. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H71-H86. [PMID: 34767485 PMCID: PMC8698539 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00478.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Microvessels-on-a-chip have enabled in vitro studies to closely simulate in vivo microvessel environment. However, assessing microvessel permeability, a functional measure of microvascular exchange, has not been attainable in nonpermeable microfluidic platforms. This study developed a new approach that enables permeability coefficients (Ps) to be quantified in microvessels developed in nonpermeable chip platforms by integrating avidin-biotin technology. Microvessels were developed on biotinylated fibronectin-coated microfluidic channels. Solute transport was assessed by perfusing microvessels with fluorescence-labeled avidin. Avidin molecules that crossed endothelium were captured by substrate biotin and recorded with real-time confocal images. The Ps was derived from the rate of avidin-biotin accumulation at the substrate relative to solute concentration difference across microvessel wall. Avidin tracers with different physiochemical properties were used to characterize the barrier properties of the microvessel wall. The measured baseline Ps and inflammatory mediator-induced increases in Ps and endothelial cell (EC) [Ca2+]i resembled those observed in intact microvessels. Importantly, the spatial accumulation of avidin-biotin at substrate defines the transport pathways. Glycocalyx layer is well formed on endothelium and its degradation increased transcellular transport without affecting EC junctions. This study demonstrated that in vitro microvessels developed in this simply designed microfluidics structurally possess in vivo-like glycocalyx layer and EC junctions and functionally recapitulate basal barrier properties and stimuli-induced responses observed in intact microvessels. This new approach overcomes the limitations of nonpermeable microfluidics and provides an easily executed highly reproducible in vitro microvessel model with in vivo microvessel functionality, suitable for a wide range of applications in blood and vascular research and drug development.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study developed a novel method that allows permeability coefficient to be measured in microvessels developed in nonpermeable microfluidic platforms using avidin-biotin technology. It overcomes the major limitation of nonpermeable microfluidic system and provides a simply designed easily executed and highly reproducible in vitro microvessel model with permeability accessibility. This model with in vivo-like endothelial junctions, glycocalyx, and permeability properties advances microfluidics in microvascular research, suitable for a wide range of biomedical and clinical applications.
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7
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Salipante PF, Hudson SD, Alimperti S. Blood vessel-on-a-chip examines the biomechanics of microvasculature. SOFT MATTER 2021; 18:117-125. [PMID: 34816867 PMCID: PMC9001019 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01312b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We use a three-dimensional (3D) microvascular platform to measure the elasticity and membrane permeability of the endothelial cell layer. The microfluidic platform is connected with a pneumatic pressure controller to apply hydrostatic pressure. The deformation is measured by tracking the mean vessel diameter under varying pressures up to 300 Pa. We obtain a value for the Young's modulus of the cell layer in low strain where a linear elastic response is observed and use a hyperelastic model that describes the strain hardening observed at larger strains (pressure). A fluorescent dye is used to track the flow through the cell layer to determine the membrane flow resistance as a function of applied pressure. Finally, we track the 3D positions of cell nuclei while the vessel is pressurized to observe local deformation and correlate inter-cell deformation with the local structure of the cell layer. This approach is able to probe the mechanical properties of blood vessels in vitro and provides a methodology for investigating microvascular related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Salipante
- Polymers and Complex Fluids Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - Steven D Hudson
- Polymers and Complex Fluids Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - Stella Alimperti
- ADA Science and Research Institute, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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8
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Bazban-Shotorbani S, Gavins F, Kant K, Dufva M, Kamaly N. A Biomicrofluidic Screening Platform for Dysfunctional Endothelium‐Targeted Nanoparticles and Therapeutics. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Salime Bazban-Shotorbani
- Department of Health Technology DTU Health Tech Technical University of Denmark Lyngby 2800 Kgs. Denmark
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub (MSRH) Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Felicity Gavins
- Department of Life Sciences Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine (CIRTM) Brunel University London London UB8 3PH UK
| | - Krishna Kant
- Department of Physical Chemistry Biomedical Research Center of Galicia (CINBIO) University of Vigo Vigo 36310 Spain
| | - Martin Dufva
- Department of Health Technology DTU Health Tech Technical University of Denmark Lyngby 2800 Kgs. Denmark
| | - Nazila Kamaly
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub (MSRH) Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
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9
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Nguyen N, Thurgood P, Sekar NC, Chen S, Pirogova E, Peter K, Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K. Microfluidic models of the human circulatory system: versatile platforms for exploring mechanobiology and disease modeling. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:769-786. [PMID: 34777617 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human circulatory system is a marvelous fluidic system, which is very sensitive to biophysical and biochemical cues. The current animal and cell culture models do not recapitulate the functional properties of the human circulatory system, limiting our ability to fully understand the complex biological processes underlying the dysfunction of this multifaceted system. In this review, we discuss the unique ability of microfluidic systems to recapitulate the biophysical, biochemical, and functional properties of the human circulatory system. We also describe the remarkable capacity of microfluidic technologies for exploring the complex mechanobiology of the cardiovascular system, mechanistic studying of cardiovascular diseases, and screening cardiovascular drugs with the additional benefit of reducing the need for animal models. We also discuss opportunities for further advancement in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Nguyen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nadia Chandra Sekar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Sheng Chen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
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10
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Feiner-Gracia N, Glinkowska Mares A, Buzhor M, Rodriguez-Trujillo R, Samitier Marti J, Amir RJ, Pujals S, Albertazzi L. Real-Time Ratiometric Imaging of Micelles Assembly State in a Microfluidic Cancer-on-a-Chip. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 4:669-681. [PMID: 33490884 PMCID: PMC7818510 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The performance of supramolecular nanocarriers as drug delivery systems depends on their stability in the complex and dynamic biological media. After administration, nanocarriers are challenged by physiological barriers such as shear stress and proteins present in blood, endothelial wall, extracellular matrix, and eventually cancer cell membrane. While early disassembly will result in a premature drug release, extreme stability of the nanocarriers can lead to poor drug release and low efficiency. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of the stability and assembly state of supramolecular carriers in each stage of delivery is the key factor for the rational design of these systems. One of the main challenges is that current 2D in vitro models do not provide exhaustive information, as they fail to recapitulate the 3D tumor microenvironment. This deficiency in the 2D model complexity is the main reason for the differences observed in vivo when testing the performance of supramolecular nanocarriers. Herein, we present a real-time monitoring study of self-assembled micelles stability and extravasation, combining spectral confocal microscopy and a microfluidic cancer-on-a-chip. The combination of advanced imaging and a reliable 3D model allows tracking of micelle disassembly by following the spectral properties of the amphiphiles in space and time during the crucial steps of drug delivery. The spectrally active micelles were introduced under flow and their position and conformation continuously followed by spectral imaging during the crossing of barriers, revealing the interplay between carrier structure, micellar stability, and extravasation. Integrating the ability of the micelles to change their fluorescent properties when disassembled, spectral confocal imaging and 3D microfluidic tumor blood vessel-on-a-chip resulted in the establishment of a robust testing platform suitable for real-time imaging and evaluation of supramolecular drug delivery carrier's stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Feiner-Gracia
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08024 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Adrianna Glinkowska Mares
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08024 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Buzhor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Romen Rodriguez-Trujillo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08024 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Physics, University of Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier Marti
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08024 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Physics, University of Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roey J Amir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,BLAVATNIK CENTER for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,The ADAMA Center for Novel Delivery Systems in Crop Protection, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Silvia Pujals
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08024 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Electronic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Physics, University of Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08024 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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11
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Virumbrales-Muñoz M, Ayuso JM, Gong MM, Humayun M, Livingston MK, Lugo-Cintrón KM, McMinn P, Álvarez-García YR, Beebe DJ. Microfluidic lumen-based systems for advancing tubular organ modeling. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6402-6442. [PMID: 32760967 PMCID: PMC7521761 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00705f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic lumen-based systems are microscale models that recapitulate the anatomy and physiology of tubular organs. These technologies can mimic human pathophysiology and predict drug response, having profound implications for drug discovery and development. Herein, we review progress in the development of microfluidic lumen-based models from the 2000s to the present. The core of the review discusses models for mimicking blood vessels, the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, renal tubules, and liver sinusoids, and their application to modeling organ-specific diseases. We also highlight emerging application areas, such as the lymphatic system, and close the review discussing potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Virumbrales-Muñoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - José M Ayuso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA and Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Max M Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Trine University, Angola, IN, USA
| | - Mouhita Humayun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Megan K Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karina M Lugo-Cintrón
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Patrick McMinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yasmín R Álvarez-García
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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12
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Jin IS, Yoon MS, Park CW, Hong JT, Chung YB, Kim JS, Shin DH. Replacement techniques to reduce animal experiments in drug and nanoparticle development. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-020-00487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Li H, Garner T, Diaz F, Wong PK. A Multiwell Microfluidic Device for Analyzing and Screening Nonhormonal Contraceptive Agents. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901910. [PMID: 31162807 PMCID: PMC8996375 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Birth control and family planning play pivotal roles in the economic growth and reduction of maternal, infant, and child mortality. Current contraceptives, such as hormonal agents and intrauterine devices, target only a small subset of reproductive processes and can have serious side effects on the health of women. To develop novel contraceptive agents, a scalable microfluidic device is established for analyzing and screening the effects of potential contraceptive agents on the maturation of the cumulus-oocyte complex. The microfluidic device performs on-chip incubation for studying oocyte maturation and cumulus expansion and isolates the microwells by oil-water interfaces to avoid crosstalk between the wells. A filter membrane is incorporated in the device to simplify incubation, medium exchange, washing, and fluorescence staining of oocytes. Cumulus expansion can be monitored directly in the device and oocyte maturation can be examined after enzymatic removal of cumulus cells and on-chip fluorescence staining. The performance of the device is evaluated by studying the influence of three drugs known to block oocyte maturation and/or cumulus expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 517 CBEB Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Tyler Garner
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 335 ASI Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Francisco Diaz
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 335 ASI Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 517 CBEB Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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14
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Mei X, Middleton K, Shim D, Wan Q, Xu L, Ma YHV, Devadas D, Walji N, Wang L, Young EWK, You L. Microfluidic platform for studying osteocyte mechanoregulation of breast cancer bone metastasis. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 11:119-129. [DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBone metastasis is a common, yet serious, complication of breast cancer. Breast cancer cells that extravasate from blood vessels to the bone devastate bone quality by interacting with bone cells and disrupting the bone remodeling balance. Although exercise is often suggested as a cancer intervention strategy and mechanical loading during exercise is known to regulate bone remodeling, its role in preventing bone metastasis remains unknown. We developed a novel in vitro microfluidic tissue model to investigate the role of osteocytes in the mechanical regulation of breast cancer bone metastasis. Metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were cultured inside a 3D microfluidic lumen lined with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which is adjacent to a channel seeded with osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells. Physiologically relevant oscillatory fluid flow (OFF) (1 Pa, 1 Hz) was applied to mechanically stimulate the osteocytes. Hydrogel-filled side channels in-between the two channels allowed real-time, bi-directional cellular signaling and cancer cell extravasation over 3 days. The applied OFF was capable of inducing intracellular calcium responses in osteocytes (82.3% cells responding with a 3.71 fold increase average magnitude). Both extravasation distance and percentage of extravasated side-channels were significantly reduced with mechanically stimulated osteocytes (32.4% and 53.5% of control, respectively) compared to static osteocytes (102.1% and 107.3% of control, respectively). This is the first microfluidic device that has successfully integrated stimulatory bone fluid flow, and demonstrated that mechanically stimulated osteocytes reduced breast cancer extravasation. Future work with this platform will determine the specific mechanisms involved in osteocyte mechanoregulation of breast cancer bone metastasis, as well as other types of cancer metastasis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Mei
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Middleton
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dongsub Shim
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qianqian Wan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liangcheng Xu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yu-Heng Vivian Ma
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepika Devadas
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Noosheen Walji
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liyun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware
| | - Edmond W K Young
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lidan You
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Wong JF, Simmons CA. Microfluidic assay for the on-chip electrochemical measurement of cell monolayer permeability. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1060-1070. [PMID: 30778462 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01321g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell monolayers, including endothelial cells lining the vasculature and blood-brain barrier, and epithelial cells lining the lung airways and gut, form a semipermeable barrier across which transport of biomolecules is tightly regulated. The assessment of barrier function is therefore critical in in vitro models of barrier-forming tissues, including microfluidic organ-on-a-chip models. Cell monolayer barrier function is commonly assessed using a fluorescent tracer-based permeability assay in both conventional Transwell and organ-on-a-chip models, but this method requires laborious manual sampling, bulky instrumentation and offline sample processing. In this work, we introduce a novel on-chip microfluidic permeability assay that replaces the traditional fluorescent tracer with an electroactive tracer. Similar to methods such as TEER, the electrochemical permeability assay eliminates the need for manual sampling and complex optical instrumentation. We validated the method by demonstrating close agreement between experimental and numerically-simulated diffusive and convective transport in the microfluidic device. Different electroactive tracers were screened for efficient electron transfer, stability and inertness relative to the cell monolayer. The assay was then used to measure the permeability of endothelial cells cultured under both static and flow culture conditions, and after exposure to a permeability mediator. In summary, the electrochemical permeability assay combines the simplicity of tracer-based permeability methods with the benefits of on-chip integration, which will ultimately facilitate the robust multiparametric characterization of barrier function in microfluidic organs-on-chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F Wong
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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16
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Ng MSY, Suen JY, Tung JP, Fraser JF. Endothelialized flow models for blood transfusion research. Haematologica 2019; 104:428-434. [PMID: 30765473 PMCID: PMC6395319 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.205203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monica S Y Ng
- Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jacky Y Suen
- Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - John-Paul Tung
- Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John F Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
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17
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Gold K, Gaharwar AK, Jain A. Emerging trends in multiscale modeling of vascular pathophysiology: Organ-on-a-chip and 3D printing. Biomaterials 2019; 196:2-17. [PMID: 30072038 PMCID: PMC6344330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Most biomedical and pharmaceutical research of the human vascular system aims to unravel the complex mechanisms that drive disease progression from molecular to organ levels. The knowledge gained can then be used to innovate diagnostic and treatment strategies which can ultimately be determined precisely for patients. Despite major advancements, current modeling strategies are often limited at identifying, quantifying, and dissecting specific cellular and molecular targets that regulate human vascular diseases. Therefore, development of multiscale modeling approaches are needed that can advance our knowledge and facilitate the design of next-generation therapeutic approaches in vascular diseases. This article critically reviews animal models, static in vitro systems, and dynamic in vitro culture systems currently used to model vascular diseases. A leading emphasis on the potential of emerging approaches, specifically organ-on-a-chip and three-dimensional (3D) printing, to recapitulate the innate human vascular physiology and anatomy is described. The applications of these approaches and future outlook in designing and screening novel therapeutics are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli Gold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Material Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Center for Remote Health and Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Abhishek Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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18
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Kaisar MA, Abhyankar VV, Cucullo L. In Vitro BBB Models: Working with Static Platforms and Microfluidic Systems. BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8946-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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19
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Endothelial Protrusions in Junctional Integrity and Barrier Function. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 82:93-140. [PMID: 30360784 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells of the microcirculation form a semi-permeable diffusion barrier between the blood and tissues. This permeability of the endothelium, particularly in the capillaries and postcapillary venules, is a normal physiological function needed for blood-tissue exchange in the microcirculation. During inflammation, microvascular permeability increases dramatically and can lead to tissue edema, which in turn can lead to dysfunction of tissues and organs. The molecular mechanisms that control the barrier function of endothelial cells have been under investigation for several decades and remain an important topic due to the potential for discovery of novel therapeutic strategies to reduce edema. This review highlights current knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to endothelial hyperpermeability during inflammatory conditions associated with injury and disease. This includes a discussion of recent findings demonstrating temporal protrusions by endothelial cells that may contribute to intercellular junction integrity between endothelial cells and affect the diffusion distance for solutes via the paracellular pathway.
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20
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Microfluidic-Based 3D Engineered Microvascular Networks and Their Applications in Vascularized Microtumor Models. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9100493. [PMID: 30424426 PMCID: PMC6215090 DOI: 10.3390/mi9100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The microvasculature plays a critical role in human physiology and is closely associated to various human diseases. By combining advanced microfluidic-based techniques, the engineered 3D microvascular network model provides a precise and reproducible platform to study the microvasculature in vitro, which is an essential and primary component to engineer organ-on-chips and achieve greater biological relevance. In this review, we discuss current strategies to engineer microvessels in vitro, which can be broadly classified into endothelial cell lining-based methods, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis-based methods, and hybrid methods. By closely simulating relevant factors found in vivo such as biomechanical, biochemical, and biological microenvironment, it is possible to create more accurate organ-specific models, including both healthy and pathological vascularized microtissue with their respective vascular barrier properties. We further discuss the integration of tumor cells/spheroids into the engineered microvascular to model the vascularized microtumor tissue, and their potential application in the study of cancer metastasis and anti-cancer drug screening. Finally, we conclude with our commentaries on current progress and future perspective of on-chip vascularization techniques for fundamental and clinical/translational research.
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21
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Sasaki N, Tatanou M, Suzuki T, Anraku Y, Kishimura A, Kataoka K, Sato K. A Membrane-integrated Microfluidic Device to Study Permeation of Nanoparticles through Straight Micropores toward Rational Design of Nanomedicines. ANAL SCI 2018; 32:1307-1314. [PMID: 27941260 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been widely utilized to deliver drugs from blood vessels to target tissues. A crucial issue concerning nanoparticle-based drug delivery is to discuss the relationship between experimentally-obtained permeability and physical parameters. Although nanoparticles can permeate vascular pores, because the size and shape of the pores are essentially non-uniform, conventional animal testing and recent cell-based microfluidic devices are unable to precisely evaluate the effects of physical parameters (e.g. pore size and nanoparticle size) on permeation. In this study, we present a membrane-integrated microfluidic device to study permeation of nanoparticles through straight micropores. Porous membranes possessing uniform straight pores were utilized. The effects of pore size and pressure difference across the pores on nanoparticle permeation were examined. The experimentally determined permeability coefficient of 1.0 μm-pore membrane against 100 nm-diameter nanoparticles agreed well with the theoretical value obtained for convectional permeation. Our method can be utilized to clarify the relationship between the experimentally-obtained permeability and physical parameters, and will help rational design of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sasaki
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University
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22
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SASAKI N, HAYASHI T, INOUE N, ONISHI M. Fabrication of Microfluidic Cell Culture Devices Using a Consumer Laser Cutter. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2018. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.67.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki SASAKI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University
| | - Tomomi HAYASHI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University
| | - Nanako INOUE
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University
| | - Masahiro ONISHI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University
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23
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Zhang H, Zhu Y, Shen Y. Microfluidics for Cancer Nanomedicine: From Fabrication to Evaluation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800360. [PMID: 29806174 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled drug delivery systems (sDDSs), made from nanocarriers and drugs, are one of the major types of nanomedicines, many of which are in clinical use, under preclinical investigation, or in clinical trials. One of the hurdles of this type of nanomedicine in real applications is the inherent complexity of their fabrication processes, which generally lack precise control over the sDDS structures and the batch-to-batch reproducibility. Furthermore, the classic 2D in vitro cell model, monolayer cell culture, has been used to evaluate sDDSs. However, 2D cell culture cannot adequately replicate in vivo tissue-level structures and their highly complex dynamic 3D environments, nor can it simulate their functions. Thus, evaluations using 2D cell culture often cannot correctly correlate with sDDS behaviors and effects in humans. Microfluidic technology offers novel solutions to overcome these problems and facilitates studying the structure-performance relationships for sDDS developments. In this Review, recent advances in microfluidics for 1) fabrication of sDDSs with well-defined physicochemical properties, such as size, shape, rigidity, and drug-loading efficiency, and 2) fabrication of 3D-cell cultures as "tissue/organ-on-a-chip" platforms for evaluations of sDDS biological performance are in focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yifeng Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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24
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Bogorad MI, DeStefano J, Wong AD, Searson PC. Tissue-engineered 3D microvessel and capillary network models for the study of vascular phenomena. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28164421 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advances in tissue engineering, cell biology, microfabrication, and microfluidics have led to the development of a wide range of vascular models. Here, we review platforms based on templated microvessel fabrication to generate increasingly complex vascular models of (i) the tumor microenvironment, (ii) occluded microvessels, and (iii) perfused capillary networks. We outline fabrication guidelines and demonstrate a number of experimental methods for probing vascular function such as permeability measurements, tumor cell intravasation, flow characterization, and endothelial cell morphology and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max I Bogorad
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jackson DeStefano
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D Wong
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter C Searson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Funamoto K, Yoshino D, Matsubara K, Zervantonakis IK, Funamoto K, Nakayama M, Masamune J, Kimura Y, Kamm RD. Endothelial monolayer permeability under controlled oxygen tension. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 9:529-538. [PMID: 28488717 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00068e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial permeability has been extensively investigated in the context of pathologies such as cancer and also in studies of drug delivery from the circulation. Hypoxia is a critical regulator of endothelial cell (EC) behavior and affects the barrier function of endothelial linings, yet its role has been little studied. This paper reveals the effect of hypoxia on the permeability of an EC monolayer by cellular experiments using a microfluidic device and a conventional cell culture dish. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded into one microfluidic channel, creating an EC monolayer on each vertical surface of a collagen gel confined to a central chamber. Oxygen tension was regulated to produce normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (3% O2) conditions by the supply of gas mixtures of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen at predefined ratios into channels fabricated into the device. Permeability of the EC monolayer quantified by analyzing diffusion of fluorescence-labelled dextrans into the collagen gel increases with barrier function loss by 6 hour hypoxic exposure, showing 11-fold and 4-fold increases for 70 kDa and 10 kDa dextrans, respectively, on average. Consistent with this, subsequent immunofluorescent staining and separate western blot analysis of HUVECs on a culture dish demonstrate loose cell-cell adhesion resulting from internalization of VE-cadherin under hypoxia. Thus, hypoxic stress increases endothelial permeability by altering cell-cell junction integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Funamoto
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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26
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Moghadas H, Saidi MS, Kashaninejad N, Nguyen NT. A high-performance polydimethylsiloxane electrospun membrane for cell culture in lab-on-a-chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:024117. [PMID: 29713396 PMCID: PMC5897122 DOI: 10.1063/1.5021002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Thin porous membranes are important components in a microfluidic device, serving as separators, filters, and scaffolds for cell culture. However, the fabrication and the integration of these membranes possess many challenges, which restrict their widespread applications. This paper reports a facile technique to fabricate robust membrane-embedded microfluidic devices. We integrated an electrospun membrane into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device using the simple plasma-activated bonding technique. To increase the flexibility of the membrane and to address the leakage problem, the electrospun membrane was fabricated with the highest weight ratio of PDMS to polymethylmethacrylate (i.e., 6:1 w/w). The membrane-integrated microfluidic device could withstand a flow rate of up to 50 μl/min. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated that such a compartmentalized microfluidic platform could be successfully used for cell culture with the capability of providing a more realistic in vivo-like condition. Human lung cancer epithelial cells (A549) were seeded on the membrane from the top microchannel, while the continuous flow of the culture medium through the bottom microchannel provided a shear-free cell culture condition. The tortuous micro-/nanofibers of the membrane immobilized the cells within the hydrophobic micropores and with no need of extracellular matrix for cell adhesion and cell growth. The hydrophobic surface conditions of the membrane were suitable for anchorage-independent cell types. To further extend the application of the device, we qualitatively showed that rinsing the membrane with ethanol prior to cell seeding could temporarily render the membrane hydrophilic and the platform could also be used for anchorage-dependent cells. Due to the three-dimensional (3D) topography of the membranes, three different configurations were observed, including individual single cells, monolayer cells, and 3D cell clusters. This cost-effective and robust compartmentalized microfluidic device may open up new avenues in translational medicine and pharmacodynamics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Moghadas
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Said Saidi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane QLD 4111, Australia
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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27
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Rayner SG, Zheng Y. Engineered Microvessels for the Study of Human Disease. J Biomech Eng 2017; 138:2545529. [PMID: 27537085 DOI: 10.1115/1.4034428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The microvasculature is an extensive, heterogeneous, and complex system that plays a critical role in human physiology and disease. It nourishes almost all living human cells and maintains a local microenvironment that is vital for tissue and organ function. Operating under a state of continuous flow, with an intricate architecture despite its small caliber, and subject to a multitude of biophysical and biochemical stimuli, the microvasculature can be a complex subject to study in the laboratory setting. Engineered microvessels provide an ideal platform that recapitulates essential elements of in vivo physiology and allows study of the microvasculature in a precise and reproducible way. Here, we review relevant structural and functional vascular biology, discuss different methods to engineer microvessels, and explore the applications of this exciting tool for the study of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Rayner
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Campus Box 356522, Seattle, WA 98195 e-mail:
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98105;Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109 e-mail:
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28
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Akbari E, Spychalski GB, Song JW. Microfluidic approaches to the study of angiogenesis and the microcirculation. Microcirculation 2017; 24. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Akbari
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| | | | - Jonathan W. Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
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29
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Thomas A, Wang S, Sohrabi S, Orr C, He R, Shi W, Liu Y. Characterization of vascular permeability using a biomimetic microfluidic blood vessel model. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:024102. [PMID: 28344727 PMCID: PMC5336476 DOI: 10.1063/1.4977584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response in endothelial cells (ECs) leads to an increase in vascular permeability through the formation of gaps. However, the dynamic nature of vascular permeability and external factors involved is still elusive. In this work, we use a biomimetic blood vessel (BBV) microfluidic model to measure in real-time the change in permeability of the EC layer under culture in physiologically relevant flow conditions. This platform studies the dynamics and characterizes vascular permeability when the EC layer is triggered with an inflammatory agent using tracer molecules of three different sizes, and the results are compared to a transwell insert study. We also apply an analytical model to compare the permeability data from the different tracer molecules to understand the physiological and bio-transport significance of endothelial permeability based on the molecule of interest. A computational model of the BBV model is also built to understand the factors influencing transport of molecules of different sizes under flow. The endothelial monolayer cultured under flow in the BBV model was treated with thrombin, a serine protease that induces a rapid and reversible increase in endothelium permeability. On analysis of permeability data, it is found that the transport characteristics for fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dye and FITC Dextran 4k Da molecules are similar in both BBV and transwell models, but FITC Dextran 70k Da molecules show increased permeability in the BBV model as convection flow (Peclet number > 1) influences the molecule transport in the BBV model. We also calculated from permeability data the relative increase in intercellular gap area during thrombin treatment for ECs in the BBV and transwell insert models to be between 12% and 15%. This relative increase was found to be within range of what we quantified from F-actin stained EC layer images. The work highlights the importance of incorporating flow in in vitro vascular models, especially in studies involving transport of large size objects such as antibodies, proteins, nano/micro particles, and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Thomas
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Shunqiang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Salman Sohrabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Colin Orr
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Ran He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Wentao Shi
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
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Vasculature-On-A-Chip for In Vitro Disease Models. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:bioengineering4010008. [PMID: 28952486 PMCID: PMC5590435 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascularization, the formation of new blood vessels, is an essential biological process. As the vasculature is involved in various fundamental physiological phenomena and closely related to several human diseases, it is imperative that substantial research is conducted on characterizing the vasculature and its related diseases. A significant evolution has been made to describe the vascularization process so that in vitro recapitulation of vascularization is possible. The current microfluidic systems allow elaborative research on the effects of various cues for vascularization, and furthermore, in vitro technologies have a great potential for being applied to the vascular disease models for studying pathological events and developing drug screening platforms. Here, we review methods of fabrication for microfluidic assays and inducing factors for vascularization. We also discuss applications using engineered vasculature such as in vitro vascular disease models, vasculature in organ-on-chips and drug screening platforms.
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Three-Dimensional Tissue Models and Available Probes for Multi-Parametric Live Cell Microscopy: A Brief Overview. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1035:49-67. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67358-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Kaisar MA, Sajja RK, Prasad S, Abhyankar VV, Liles T, Cucullo L. New experimental models of the blood-brain barrier for CNS drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 12:89-103. [PMID: 27782770 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1253676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic biological interface which actively controls the passage of substances between the blood and the central nervous system (CNS). From a biological and functional standpoint, the BBB plays a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis inasmuch that deterioration of BBB functions are prodromal to many CNS disorders. Conversely, the BBB hinders the delivery of drugs targeting the brain to treat a variety of neurological diseases. Area covered: This article reviews recent technological improvements and innovation in the field of BBB modeling including static and dynamic cell-based platforms, microfluidic systems and the use of stem cells and 3D printing technologies. Additionally, the authors laid out a roadmap for the integration of microfluidics and stem cell biology as a holistic approach for the development of novel in vitro BBB platforms. Expert opinion: Development of effective CNS drugs has been hindered by the lack of reliable strategies to mimic the BBB and cerebrovascular impairments in vitro. Technological advancements in BBB modeling have fostered the development of highly integrative and quasi- physiological in vitro platforms to support the process of drug discovery. These advanced in vitro tools are likely to further current understanding of the cerebrovascular modulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Kaisar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo , TX , USA
| | - Ravi K Sajja
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo , TX , USA
| | - Shikha Prasad
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo , TX , USA
| | - Vinay V Abhyankar
- c Biological Microsystems Division at The University of Texas at Arlington Research Institute , Fort Worth , TX , USA
| | - Taylor Liles
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo , TX , USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo , TX , USA.,b Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo , TX , USA
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Chen X, Shen J, Hu Z, Huo X. Manufacturing methods and applications of membranes in microfluidics. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:104. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Direct Optofluidic Measurement of the Lipid Permeability of Fluoroquinolones. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32824. [PMID: 27604156 PMCID: PMC5015079 DOI: 10.1038/srep32824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying drug permeability across lipid membranes is crucial for drug development. In addition, reduced membrane permeability is a leading cause of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and hence there is a need for new technologies that can quantify antibiotic transport across biological membranes. We recently developed an optofluidic assay that directly determines the permeability coefficient of autofluorescent drug molecules across lipid membranes. Using ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy, we directly track drug accumulation in giant lipid vesicles as they traverse a microfluidic device while exposed to the drug. Importantly, our measurement does not require the knowledge of the octanol partition coefficient of the drug – we directly determine the permeability coefficient for the specific drug-lipid system. In this work, we report measurements on a range of fluoroquinolone antibiotics and find that their pH dependent lipid permeability can span over two orders of magnitude. We describe various technical improvements for our assay, and provide a new graphical user interface for data analysis to make the technology easier to use for the wider community.
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Skardal A, Shupe T, Atala A. Organoid-on-a-chip and body-on-a-chip systems for drug screening and disease modeling. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1399-1411. [PMID: 27422270 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, advances in tissue engineering and microfabrication technologies have enabled rapid growth in the areas of in vitro organoid development as well as organoid-on-a-chip platforms. These 3D model systems often are able to mimic human physiology more accurately than traditional 2D cultures and animal models. In this review, we describe the progress that has been made to generate organ-on-a-chip platforms and, more recently, more complex multi-organoid body-on-a-chip platforms and their applications. Importantly, these systems have the potential to dramatically impact biomedical applications in the areas of drug development, drug and toxicology screening, disease modeling, and the emerging area of personalized precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Skardal
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Thomas Shupe
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Urology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Gupta N, Liu JR, Patel B, Solomon DE, Vaidya B, Gupta V. Microfluidics-based 3D cell culture models: Utility in novel drug discovery and delivery research. Bioeng Transl Med 2016; 1:63-81. [PMID: 29313007 PMCID: PMC5689508 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of microfluidic devices within life sciences has furthered the possibilities of both academic and industrial applications such as rapid genome sequencing, predictive drug studies, and single cell manipulation. In contrast to the preferred two‐dimensional cell‐based screening, three‐dimensional (3D) systems have more in vivo relevance as well as ability to perform as a predictive tool for the success or failure of a drug screening campaign. 3D cell culture has shown an adaptive response to the recent advancements in microfluidic technologies which has allowed better control over spheroid sizes and subsequent drug screening studies. In this review, we highlight the most significant developments in the field of microfluidic 3D culture over the past half‐decade with a special focus on their benefits and challenges down the lane. With the newer technologies emerging, implementation of microfluidic 3D culture systems into the drug discovery pipeline is right around the bend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Gupta
- Neofluidics LLC, Research and Development Wing San Diego CA 92121
| | - Jeffrey R Liu
- Neofluidics LLC, Research and Development Wing San Diego CA 92121
| | | | - Deepak E Solomon
- Neofluidics LLC, Research and Development Wing San Diego CA 92121
| | | | - Vivek Gupta
- School of Pharmacy Keck Graduate Institute Claremont CA 91711
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Ribas J, Sadeghi H, Manbachi A, Leijten J, Brinegar K, Zhang YS, Ferreira L, Khademhosseini A. Cardiovascular Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms for Drug Discovery and Development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:82-96. [PMID: 28971113 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2016.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are prevalent worldwide and are the most frequent causes of death in the United States. Although spending in drug discovery/development has increased, the amount of drug approvals has seen a progressive decline. Particularly, adverse side effects to the heart and general vasculature have become common causes for preclinical project closures, and preclinical models do not fully recapitulate human in vivo dynamics. Recently, organs-on-a-chip technologies have been proposed to mimic the dynamic conditions of the cardiovascular system-in particular, heart and general vasculature. These systems pay particular attention to mimicking structural organization, shear stress, transmural pressure, mechanical stretching, and electrical stimulation. Heart- and vasculature-on-a-chip platforms have been successfully generated to study a variety of physiological phenomena, model diseases, and probe the effects of drugs. Here, we review and discuss recent breakthroughs in the development of cardiovascular organs-on-a-chip platforms, and their current and future applications in the area of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ribas
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Doctoral Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Manbachi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Katelyn Brinegar
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lino Ferreira
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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38
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SASAKI N, SATO K. Analytical Applications of Microfluidic Vascular Models. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2016. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.65.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki SASAKI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University
| | - Kae SATO
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University
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Thomas A, Daniel Ou-Yang H, Lowe-Krentz L, Muzykantov VR, Liu Y. Biomimetic channel modeling local vascular dynamics of pro-inflammatory endothelial changes. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:014101. [PMID: 26858813 PMCID: PMC4706543 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and are exposed to various factors like hemodynamic conditions (shear stress, laminar, and turbulent flow), biochemical signals (cytokines), and communication with other cell types (smooth muscle cells, monocytes, platelets, etc.). Blood vessel functions are regulated by interactions among these factors. The occurrence of a pathological condition would lead to localized upregulation of cell adhesion molecules on the endothelial lining of the blood vessel. This process is promoted by circulating cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which leads to expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on the endothelial cell surface among other molecules. ICAM-1 is critical in regulating endothelial cell layer dynamic integrity and cytoskeletal remodeling and also mediates direct cell-cell interactions as part of inflammatory responses and wound healing. In this study, we developed a biomimetic blood vessel model by culturing confluent, flow aligned, endothelial cells in a microfluidic platform, and performed real time in situ characterization of flow mediated localized pro-inflammatory endothelial activation. The model mimics the physiological phenomenon of cytokine activation of endothelium from the tissue side and studies the heterogeneity in localized surface ICAM-1 expression and F-actin arrangement. Fluorescent antibody coated particles were used as imaging probes for identifying endothelial cell surface ICAM-1 expression. The binding properties of particles were evaluated under flow for two different particle sizes and antibody coating densities. This allowed the investigation of spatial resolution and accessibility of ICAM-1 molecules expressed on the endothelial cells, along with their sensitivity in receptor-ligand recognition and binding. This work has developed an in vitro blood vessel model that can integrate various heterogeneous factors to effectively mimic a complex endothelial microenvironment and can be potentially applied for relevant blood vessel mechanobiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Thomas
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | | | | | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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40
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Bogorad MI, DeStefano J, Karlsson J, Wong AD, Gerecht S, Searson PC. Review: in vitro microvessel models. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4242-55. [PMID: 26364747 PMCID: PMC9397147 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00832h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of perfusable microvessel models have been developed, exploiting advances in microfabrication, microfluidics, biomaterials, stem cell technology, and tissue engineering. These models vary in complexity and physiological relevance, but provide a diverse tool kit for the study of vascular phenomena and methods to vascularize artificial organs. Here we review the state-of-the-art in perfusable microvessel models, summarizing the different fabrication methods and highlighting advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max I Bogorad
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), 100 Croft Hall, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, Maryland 21218, USA.
| | - Jackson DeStefano
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), 100 Croft Hall, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, Maryland 21218, USA.
| | - Johan Karlsson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), 100 Croft Hall, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, Maryland 21218, USA.
| | - Andrew D Wong
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), 100 Croft Hall, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, Maryland 21218, USA.
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Peter C Searson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), 100 Croft Hall, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, Maryland 21218, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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41
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Sato M, Sasaki N, Ato M, Hirakawa S, Sato K, Sato K. Microcirculation-on-a-Chip: A Microfluidic Platform for Assaying Blood- and Lymphatic-Vessel Permeability. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137301. [PMID: 26332321 PMCID: PMC4558006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a microfluidic model of microcirculation containing both blood and lymphatic vessels for examining vascular permeability. The designed microfluidic device harbors upper and lower channels that are partly aligned and are separated by a porous membrane, and on this membrane, blood vascular endothelial cells (BECs) and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were cocultured back-to-back. At cell-cell junctions of both BECs and LECs, claudin-5 and VE-cadherin were detected. The permeability coefficient measured here was lower than the value reported for isolated mammalian venules. Moreover, our results showed that the flow culture established in the device promoted the formation of endothelial cell-cell junctions, and that treatment with histamine, an inflammation-promoting substance, induced changes in the localization of tight and adherens junction-associated proteins and an increase in vascular permeability in the microdevice. These findings indicated that both BECs and LECs appeared to retain their functions in the microfluidic coculture platform. Using this microcirculation device, the vascular damage induced by habu snake venom was successfully assayed, and the assay time was reduced from 24 h to 30 min. This is the first report of a microcirculation model in which BECs and LECs were cocultured. Because the micromodel includes lymphatic vessels in addition to blood vessels, the model can be used to evaluate both vascular permeability and lymphatic return rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Sato
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Sasaki
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ato
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirakawa
- Department of Dermatology at Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu city, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kiichi Sato
- Division of Molecular Science, School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kae Sato
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women’s University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Yasotharan S, Pinto S, Sled JG, Bolz SS, Günther A. Artery-on-a-chip platform for automated, multimodal assessment of cerebral blood vessel structure and function. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2660-9. [PMID: 25990299 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a compact microfluidic platform for the automated, multimodal assessment of intact small blood vessels. Mouse olfactory artery segments were reversibly loaded onto a microfluidic device and kept under physiological (i.e., close to in vivo) environmental conditions. For immunohistochemical endpoint protein analysis, automated on chip fixation and staining of the artery eliminated the need for any subsequent tissue sectioning or processing outside the chip. In a first case study, we demonstrate the blood vessel abluminal structure based on the positions of smooth muscle cell nuclei, actin filaments and voltage gated calcium channels. In a second case study we incubated smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with a calcium-sensitive dye to simultaneously assess time-dependent, agonist-induced calcium and diameter changes of pressurized resistance arteries. We expect the presented microfluidic platform to promote routine on-chip staining and quantitative fluorescence imaging of intact blood vessels from different vascular beds, tissue engineered vascular constructs and vascularized microtissues. The at least tenfold reduction in required aliquot volumes for functional assessment and staining was achieved by on-board fluid manipulation of the syringe-pump free platform and may promote its applications for screening of newly synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjesh Yasotharan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S3G8, Canada.
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43
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Bol L, Galas JC, Hillaireau H, Le Potier I, Nicolas V, Haghiri-Gosnet AM, Fattal E, Taverna M. A microdevice for parallelized pulmonary permeability studies. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 16:277-85. [PMID: 24337430 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-013-9831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe a compartmentalized microdevice specifically designed to perform permeability studies across a model of lung barrier. Epithelial cell barriers were reproduced by culturing Calu-3 cells at the air-liquid interface (AIC) in 1 mm² microwells made from a perforated glass slide with an embedded porous membrane. We created a single basolateral reservoir for all microwells which eliminated the need to renew the growth medium during the culture growth phase. To perform drug permeability studies on confluent cell layers, the cell culture slide was aligned and joined to a collection platform consisting in 35 μL collection reservoirs connected at the top and bottom with microchannels. The integrity and functionality of the cell barriers were demonstrated by measurement of trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), confocal imaging and permeability assays of ¹⁴C-sucrose. Micro-cell barriers were able to form confluent layers in 1 week, demonstrating a similar bioelectrical evolution as the Transwell systems used as controls. Tight junctions were observed throughout the cell-cell interfaces, and the low permeability coefficients of ¹⁴C-sucrose confirmed their functional presence, creating a primary barrier to the diffusion of solutes. This microdevice could facilitate the monitoring of biomolecule transport and the screening of formulations promoting their passage across the pulmonary barrier, in order to select candidates for pulmonary administration to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Bol
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Sasaki N, Jo JI, Aoki I, Sato K. Magnetic resonance imaging of a microvascular-interstitium model on a microfluidic device. Anal Biochem 2014; 458:72-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Cama J, Chimerel C, Pagliara S, Javer A, Keyser UF. A label-free microfluidic assay to quantitatively study antibiotic diffusion through lipid membranes. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2303-2308. [PMID: 24825393 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00217b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
With the rise in antibiotic resistance amongst pathogenic bacteria, the study of antibiotic activity and transport across cell membranes is gaining widespread importance. We present a novel, label-free microfluidic assay that quantifies the permeability coefficient of a broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic, norfloxacin, across lipid membranes using the UV autofluorescence of the drug. We use giant lipid vesicles as highly controlled model systems to study the diffusion through lipid membranes. Our technique directly determines the permeability coefficient without requiring the measurement of the partition coefficient of the antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cama
- Biological and Soft Systems, Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
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Thuenauer R, Rodriguez-Boulan E, Römer W. Microfluidic approaches for epithelial cell layer culture and characterisation. Analyst 2014; 139:3206-18. [PMID: 24668405 PMCID: PMC4286366 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00056k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In higher eukaryotes, epithelial cell layers line most body cavities and form selective barriers that regulate the exchange of solutes between compartments. In order to fulfil these functions, the cells assume a polarised architecture and maintain two distinct plasma membrane domains, the apical domain facing the lumen and the basolateral domain facing other cells and the extracellular matrix. Microfluidic biochips offer the unique opportunity to establish novel in vitro models of epithelia in which the in vivo microenvironment of epithelial cells is precisely reconstituted. In addition, analytical tools to monitor biologically relevant parameters can be directly integrated on-chip. In this review we summarise recently developed biochip designs for culturing epithelial cell layers. Since endothelial cell layers, which line blood vessels, have similar barrier functions and polar organisation as epithelial cell layers, we also discuss biochips for culturing endothelial cell layers. Furthermore, we review approaches to integrate tools to analyse and manipulate epithelia and endothelia in microfluidic biochips; including methods to perform electrical impedance spectroscopy; methods to detect substances undergoing trans-epithelial transport via fluorescence, spectrophotometry, and mass spectrometry; techniques to mechanically stimulate cells via stretching and fluid flow-induced shear stress; and methods to carry out high-resolution imaging of vesicular trafficking using light microscopy. Taken together, this versatile microfluidic toolbox enables novel experimental approaches to characterise epithelial monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Thuenauer
- Institute of Biology II, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Sato K, Sasaki N, Svahn HA, Sato K. Microfluidics for nano-pathophysiology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 74:115-21. [PMID: 24001983 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems hold promise for innovative medical treatment of cancers. While drug materials are constantly under development, there are no practical cell-based models to assess whether these materials can reach the target tissue. Recently developed microfluidic systems have revolutionized cell-based experiments. In these systems, vascular endothelial cells and interstitium are set in microchannels that mimic microvessels. Drug permeability can be assayed in these blood vessel models under fluidic conditions that mimic blood flow. In this review, we describe device fabrication, disease model development, nanoparticle permeability assays, and the potential utility of these systems in the future.
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Bhise NS, Ribas J, Manoharan V, Zhang YS, Polini A, Massa S, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Organ-on-a-chip platforms for studying drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2014; 190:82-93. [PMID: 24818770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel microfluidic tools allow new ways to manufacture and test drug delivery systems. Organ-on-a-chip systems - microscale recapitulations of complex organ functions - promise to improve the drug development pipeline. This review highlights the importance of integrating microfluidic networks with 3D tissue engineered models to create organ-on-a-chip platforms, able to meet the demand of creating robust preclinical screening models. Specific examples are cited to demonstrate the use of these systems for studying the performance of drug delivery vectors and thereby reduce the discrepancies between their performance at preclinical and clinical trials. We also highlight the future directions that need to be pursued by the research community for these proof-of-concept studies to achieve the goal of accelerating clinical translation of drug delivery nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupura S Bhise
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - João Ribas
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; Biocant - Biotechnology Innovation Center, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Vijayan Manoharan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Alessandro Polini
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Solange Massa
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston 02115, USA; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia.
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Experimental tools to monitor the dynamics of endothelial barrier function: a survey of in vitro approaches. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:485-514. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Yang X, Dou Y, Zhu S. Highly sensitive detection of superoxide dismutase based on an immunoassay with surface-enhanced fluorescence. Analyst 2013; 138:3246-52. [PMID: 23615635 DOI: 10.1039/c3an00471f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel highly sensitive enhanced-fluorescence immunoassay for detection of superoxide dismutase (SOD) is established by combining surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) with immuno-magnetic separation. Based on a sandwich-type immunoassay, analytes in samples are first captured by magnetic beads coated with a monoclonal antibody and then "sandwiched" by another monoclonal antibody on silver nanoparticles labeled with fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotides in the presence of a magnet. Subsequently, the immune complex is enriched by exposure to a magnetic field. Lastly, the fluorescence intensity is measured according to the number of dissociated fluoresceins. The increased fluorescence intensity permits highly sensitive detection of SOD in a linear range of 10-8 × 10(5) pg mL(-1), with a detection limit of 4 pg mL(-1) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Significantly, this method was validated for detection of SOD in human serum, human urine, and cosmetic samples. Moreover, the reliability and accuracy of results obtained by the enhanced-fluorescence method was confirmed by the analysis of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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