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Zia S, Pizzuti V, Paris F, Alviano F, Bonsi L, Zattoni A, Reschiglian P, Roda B, Marassi V. Emerging technologies for quality control of cell-based, advanced therapy medicinal products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 246:116182. [PMID: 38772202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) are complex medicines based on gene therapy, somatic cell therapy, and tissue engineering. These products are rapidly arising as novel and promising therapies for a wide range of different clinical applications. The process for the development of well-established ATMPs is challenging. Many issues must be considered from raw material, manufacturing, safety, and pricing to assure the quality of ATMPs and their implementation as innovative therapeutic tools. Among ATMPs, cell-based ATMPs are drugs altogether. As for standard drugs, technologies for quality control, and non-invasive isolation and production of cell-based ATMPs are then needed to ensure their rapidly expanding applications and ameliorate safety and standardization of cell production. In this review, emerging approaches and technologies for quality control of innovative cell-based ATMPs are described. Among new techniques, microfluid-based systems show advantages related to their miniaturization, easy implementation in analytical process and automation which allow for the standardization of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria Pizzuti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Paris
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Alviano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DiBiNem), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Bonsi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Stem Sel srl, Bologna, Italy; Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Stem Sel srl, Bologna, Italy; Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Roda
- Stem Sel srl, Bologna, Italy; Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
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Fan MH, Pi JK, Zou CY, Jiang YL, Li QJ, Zhang XZ, Xing F, Nie R, Han C, Xie HQ. Hydrogel-exosome system in tissue engineering: A promising therapeutic strategy. Bioact Mater 2024; 38:1-30. [PMID: 38699243 PMCID: PMC11061651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Characterized by their pivotal roles in cell-to-cell communication, cell proliferation, and immune regulation during tissue repair, exosomes have emerged as a promising avenue for "cell-free therapy" in clinical applications. Hydrogels, possessing commendable biocompatibility, degradability, adjustability, and physical properties akin to biological tissues, have also found extensive utility in tissue engineering and regenerative repair. The synergistic combination of exosomes and hydrogels holds the potential not only to enhance the efficiency of exosomes but also to collaboratively advance the tissue repair process. This review has summarized the advancements made over the past decade in the research of hydrogel-exosome systems for regenerating various tissues including skin, bone, cartilage, nerves and tendons, with a focus on the methods for encapsulating and releasing exosomes within the hydrogels. It has also critically examined the gaps and limitations in current research, whilst proposed future directions and potential applications of this innovative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Jin-Kui Pi
- Core Facilities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Chen-Yu Zou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yan-Lin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Qian-Jin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Rong Nie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Chen Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
- Frontier Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610212, PR China
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Liu H, Sun R, Yang Y, Zhang C, Zhao G, Zhang K, Liang L, Huang X. Review on Microreactors for Photo-Electrocatalysis Artificial Photosynthesis Regeneration of Coenzymes. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:789. [PMID: 38930759 PMCID: PMC11205774 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, with the outbreak of the global energy crisis, renewable solar energy has become a focal point of research. However, the utilization efficiency of natural photosynthesis (NPS) is only about 1%. Inspired by NPS, artificial photosynthesis (APS) was developed and utilized in applications such as the regeneration of coenzymes. APS for coenzyme regeneration can overcome the problem of high energy consumption in comparison to electrocatalytic methods. Microreactors represent a promising technology. Compared with the conventional system, it has the advantages of a large specific surface area, the fast diffusion of small molecules, and high efficiency. Introducing microreactors can lead to more efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly coenzyme regeneration in artificial photosynthesis. This review begins with a brief introduction of APS and microreactors, and then summarizes research on traditional electrocatalytic coenzyme regeneration, as well as photocatalytic and photo-electrocatalysis coenzyme regeneration by APS, all based on microreactors, and compares them with the corresponding conventional system. Finally, it looks forward to the promising prospects of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, China; (H.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Rui Sun
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Biosemiconductors, Xiangfu Laboratory, Jiashan 314102, China;
| | - Yujing Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, China; (H.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Chuanhao Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, China; (H.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gaozhen Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, China; (H.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (G.Z.)
| | - Kaihuan Zhang
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;
| | - Lijuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, China; (H.L.); (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (G.Z.)
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Guan F, Wen J. Flash Organometallic Catalysis Uncovered by Continuous Microfluidic Devices. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300646. [PMID: 38291001 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The flash organometallic catalysis is a new concept that refers to the study of fast and controlled organometallic catalytic reactions by using microfluidic devices. Flash reactions' kinetics (ms-s scale) is often ignored due to the lack of proper research tool in organometallic chemistry. The development of microfluidic systems offers the opportunity to discover under-studied mechanisms and new reactions. In this concept, the basic theory of kinetic measurement in a microreactor is briefly reviewed and then two examples on studying flash organometallic catalytic transformation are introduced. One example is the discovery of a highly active palladium catalytic species for Suzuki Coupling and the other example is the study of a neglected isomerization catalytic cycle with a time scale of seconds before isomerization-hydroformylation by customized microfluidic devices. The last part is summary and prospect of this new area. Customizing a microfluidic device with good engineering design for a target reaction supports flash reactions' kinetic experimentation and could become a general strategy in chemistry lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfu Guan
- Department of Chemical Process R&D, Lianyungang Institute of Research, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 7 Kunlunshan Road, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Jialin Wen
- Department of Chemical Process R&D, Lianyungang Institute of Research, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., 7 Kunlunshan Road, Lianyungang, 222000, China
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Omidfar K, Kashanian S. A mini review on recent progress of microfluidic systems for antibody development. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:323-331. [PMID: 38932846 PMCID: PMC11196548 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Antibody is specific reagent that be utilized in various field of biomedical research. Monoclonal antibodies are mostly produced using two common techniques namely hybridoma and antibody engineering, which suffer from some limitations such as boring screening procedures, long production time, low efficacy and a degree of automation. To address these limitations, various microfluidics techniques have been developed for the antibody isolation and screening. Methods This study specifically investigates nearly recent reports published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in various databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Results In this study, we identified a total of seventy papers from a pool of 130 articles. These papers focus on the application of three major groups of microfluidic platforms, namely valves, microwells, and droplets, in the development of antibodies using hybridoma method and phage display technology. We provide a summary of these applications and also discuss the key findings in this field. Additionally, we illustrate our discussion with several examples to enhance understanding. Conclusions Microfluidics has the potential to serve as a valuable tool in streamlining complex laboratory procedures involved in antibody discovery. However, it is important to note that microfluidics is limited to laboratory settings. Further enhancements are needed to address existing challenges and to make microfluidics a reliable, accurate, and cost-effective tool for antibody discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Omidfar
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular–Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14395/1179, Tehran, IR Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sohiela Kashanian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, 6714414971 Iran
- Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, 6714414971 Iran
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Jiang W, Tang Q, Zhu Y, Gu X, Wu L, Qin Y. Research progress of microfluidics-based food safety detection. Food Chem 2024; 441:138319. [PMID: 38218144 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
High demands for food safety detection and analysis have been advocated with people's increasing living standards. Even though numerous analytical testing techniques have been proposed, their widespread adoption is still constrained by the high limit of detection, narrow detection ranges, and high implementation costs. Due to their advantages, such as reduced sample and reagent consumption, high sensitivity, automation, low cost, and portability, using microfluidic devices for food safety monitoring has generated significant interest. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest microfluidic detection platforms (published in recent 4 years) and their applications in food safety, aiming to provide references for developing efficient research strategies for food contaminant detection and facilitating the transition of these platforms from laboratory research to practical field use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Jiang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, PR China
| | - Qu Tang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, PR China
| | - Yidan Zhu
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Xijuan Gu
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, PR China
| | - Li Wu
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, PR China; School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China.
| | - Yuling Qin
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, PR China.
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Chen X, Huang X, Kanwal S, Wang J, Wen J, Zhang D. A Portable Fluorescent Lateral Flow Immunoassay Platform for Rapid Detection of FluA. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:263. [PMID: 38920567 PMCID: PMC11201603 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The spread of the FluA virus poses significant public health concerns worldwide. Fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test strips have emerged as vital tools for the early detection and monitoring of influenza infections. However, existing quantitative virus-detection methods, particularly those utilizing smartphone-based sensing platforms, encounter accessibility challenges in resource-limited areas and among the elderly population. Despite their advantages in speed and portability, these platforms often lack user-friendliness for these demographics, impeding their widespread utilization. To address these challenges, this study proposes leveraging the optical pick-up unit (OPU) sourced from commercial optical drives as a readily available fluorescence excitation module for the quantitative detection of antibodies labeled with quantum-dot fluorescent microspheres. Additionally, we utilize miniaturized and high-performance optical components and 3D-printed parts, along with a customized control system, to develop an affordable point-of-care testing (POCT) device. Within the system, a stepping motor scans the test strip from the T-line to the C-line, enabling the calculation of the fluorescence-intensity ratio between the two lines. This simple yet effective design facilitates rapid and straightforward field or at-home testing for FluA. The proposed prototype platform demonstrates promising performance, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.91 ng/mL, a total detection time of no more than 15 min, and dimensions of 151 mm × 11.2 mm × 10.8 mm3. We believe that the proposed approach holds great potential for improving access to an accurate influenza diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.C.); (X.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (D.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xuhui Huang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.C.); (X.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (D.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Saima Kanwal
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.C.); (X.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (D.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.C.); (X.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (D.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jing Wen
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.C.); (X.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (D.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (X.C.); (X.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (D.Z.)
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, The Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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Du C, Liu J, Liu S, Xiao P, Chen Z, Chen H, Huang W, Lei Y. Bone and Joint-on-Chip Platforms: Construction Strategies and Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400436. [PMID: 38763918 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip, also known as "tissue chip," is an advanced platform based on microfluidic systems for constructing miniature organ models in vitro. They can replicate the complex physiological and pathological responses of human organs. In recent years, the development of bone and joint-on-chip platforms aims to simulate the complex physiological and pathological processes occurring in human bones and joints, including cell-cell interactions, the interplay of various biochemical factors, the effects of mechanical stimuli, and the intricate connections between multiple organs. In the future, bone and joint-on-chip platforms will integrate the advantages of multiple disciplines, bringing more possibilities for exploring disease mechanisms, drug screening, and personalized medicine. This review explores the construction and application of Organ-on-a-chip technology in bone and joint disease research, proposes a modular construction concept, and discusses the new opportunities and future challenges in the construction and application of bone and joint-on-chip platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Senrui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Pengcheng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhuolin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yiting Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Ravindra Babu M, Vishwas S, Gulati M, Dua K, Kumar Singh S. Harnessing the role of microneedles as sensors: current status and future perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104030. [PMID: 38762087 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, microneedles (MNs) have been transformed to serve a wide range of applications in the biomedical field. Their role as sensors in wearable devices has provided an alternative to blood-based monitoring of health and diagnostic methods. Hence, they have become a topic of research interest for several scientists working in the biomedical field. These MNs as sensors offer the continuous monitoring of biomarkers like glucose, nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides and electrolyte ions, which can therefore screen for and diagnose disease conditions in humans. The present review focuses on types of MN sensors and their applications. Various clinical trials and bottlenecks of MN R&D are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molakpogu Ravindra Babu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411 Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Sunway City, Malaysia.
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Josyula T, Kumar Malla L, Thomas TM, Kalichetty SS, Sinha Mahapatra P, Pattamatta A. Fundamentals and Applications of Surface Wetting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:8293-8326. [PMID: 38587490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In an era defined by an insatiable thirst for sustainable energy solutions, responsible water management, and cutting-edge lab-on-a-chip diagnostics, surface wettability plays a pivotal role in these fields. The seamless integration of fundamental research and the following demonstration of applications on these groundbreaking technologies hinges on manipulating fluid through surface wettability, significantly optimizing performance, enhancing efficiency, and advancing overall sustainability. This Review explores the behavior of liquids when they engage with engineered surfaces, delving into the far-reaching implications of these interactions in various applications. Specifically, we explore surface wetting, dissecting it into three distinctive facets. First, we delve into the fundamental principles that underpin surface wetting. Next, we navigate the intricate liquid-surface interactions, unraveling the complex interplay of various fluid dynamics, as well as heat- and mass-transport mechanisms. Finally, we report on the practical realm, where we scrutinize the myriad applications of these principles in everyday processes and real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswi Josyula
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Laxman Kumar Malla
- School of Mechanical Sciences, Odisha University of Technology and Research, Bhubaneswar 751029, India
| | - Tibin M Thomas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | | | - Pallab Sinha Mahapatra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Arvind Pattamatta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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De Angelis M, Schobesberger S, Selinger F, Sedlmayr VL, Frauenlob M, Corcione O, Dong S, Gilardi G, Ertl P, Sadeghi SJ. A multi-channel microfluidic platform based on human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 for personalised medicine. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13209-13217. [PMID: 38655484 PMCID: PMC11037025 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is a drug-metabolizing enzyme (DME) which is known to be highly polymorphic. Some of its polymorphic variants are associated with inter-individual differences that contribute to drug response. In order to measure these differences, the implementation of a quick and efficient in vitro assay is highly desirable. To this end, in this work a microfluidic immobilized enzyme reactor (μ-IMER) was developed with four separate serpentines where FMO3 and its two common polymorphic variants (V257M and E158K) were covalently immobilized via glutaraldehyde cross-linking in the presence of a polylysine coating. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed to calculate the selected substrate retention time in serpentines with different surface areas at various flow rates. The oxidation of tamoxifen, an anti-breast cancer drug, was used as a model reaction to characterize the new device in terms of available surface area for immobilization, channel coating, and applied flow rate. The highest amount of product was obtained when applying a 10 μL min-1 flow rate on polylysine-coated serpentines with a surface area of 90 mm2 each. Moreover, these conditions were used to test the device as a multi-enzymatic platform by simultaneously assessing the conversion of tamoxifen by FMO3 and its two polymorphic variants immobilized on different serpentines of the same chip. The results obtained demonstrate that the differences observed in the conversion of tamoxifen within the chip are similar to those already published (E158K > WT > V257M). Therefore, this microfluidic platform provides a feasible option for fabricating devices for personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa De Angelis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy
| | | | - Florian Selinger
- TU Wien, Faculty of Technical Chemistry Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | | | - Martin Frauenlob
- TU Wien, Faculty of Technical Chemistry Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Orsola Corcione
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy
| | - Shiman Dong
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy
| | - Peter Ertl
- TU Wien, Faculty of Technical Chemistry Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Sheila J Sadeghi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy
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12
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Chen W, Wang P, Li B. Experimental Study on SPR Array Sensing Chip Integrated with Microvalves. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2540. [PMID: 38676157 PMCID: PMC11054027 DOI: 10.3390/s24082540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This paper discusses a microfluidic system designed for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing, incorporating integrated microvalves. This system is built from a layered structure of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The functionality of the microvalves is verified through a conductance method involving electrodes positioned at the microfluidic channels' inlets and outlets. These microvalves can fully close at a control pressure of 0.3 MPa, with their operation depending on the duration of the applied pressure. The study further explores the coordinated operation of multiple microvalves to regulate the sequential flow of samples and reagents in the system. In SPR detection experiments, the microfluidic system is integrated with an SPR array sensing system to control the injection of NaCl solutions via the microvalves, and the observation of phase change curves in different chip regions are observed. The findings validate the microvalves' dependability and suitability for use in SPR array sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Chen
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Research Institute of Tsinghua, Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou 510530, China
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13
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Liu Y, Su G, Wang W, Wei H, Dang L. A novel multifunctional SERS microfluidic sensor based on ZnO/Ag nanoflower arrays for label-free ultrasensitive detection of bacteria. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2085-2092. [PMID: 38511545 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00018h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This study proposes a microfluidic platform for rapid enrichment and ultrasensitive SERS detection of bacteria. The platform comprises ZnO nanoflower arrays decorated with silver nanoparticles to enhance the SERS sensitivity. The ZnO nanoflower array substrate with a 3D reticular columnar structure is prepared using the hydrothermal method. SEM analysis depicts the 3.05 μm gap distribution of the substrate array to intercept the most bacteria in the particle sizes range of 0.5 to 3 μm. Then, silver nanoparticles are deposited on the ZnO nano-array surface by liquid evaporation self-assembly. TEM and SEM analysis indicate nanosize of Ag particles, evenly distributed on the substrate, enhancing the SERS efficiency and improving sensing reproducibility. The probe molecules (R6G) are tested to demonstrate the high SERS activity of the proposed microfluidic sensor. Then, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus subtilis are selected, demonstrating the sensor's excellent bacterial capture and sensitive recognition capabilities, with a detection limit as low as 102 CFU mL-1. Additionally, the antibacterial properties of ZnO/Ag heterojunction nanostructures are studied, suggesting their ability to inactivate bacteria. Compared with the traditional Au-enhanced chip, the sensor preparation is easy, safe, reliable, and low-cost. Moreover, the ZnO nano-array exhibits a large specific surface area, high interception ability, stronger and uniform SERS performance, and effective and reliable detection of trace pathogens. This work provides potential future ZnO/Ag microfluidic SERS sensor applications for rapid, unlabeled, and trace pathogens detection in clinical and environmental applications, potentially achieving breakthroughs in early detection, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Guanwen Su
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Hongyuan Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Leping Dang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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14
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Chen X, Shen M, Liu S, Wu C, Sun L, Song Z, Shi J, Yuan Y, Zhao Y. Microfluidic impedance cytometry with flat-end cylindrical electrodes for accurate and fast analysis of marine microalgae. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2058-2068. [PMID: 38436397 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00942d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Marine microalgae play an increasingly significant role in addressing the issues of environmental monitoring and disease treatment, making the analysis of marine microalgae at the single-cell level an essential technique. For this, we put forward accurate and fast microfluidic impedance cytometry to analyze microalgal cells by assembling two cylindrical electrodes and microchannels to form a three-dimensional detection zone. Firstly, we established a mathematical model of microalgal cell detection based on Maxwell's mixture theory and numerically investigated the effects of the electrode gap, microalgal positions, and ion concentrations of the solution on detection to optimize detection conditions. Secondly, 80 μm stainless steel wires were used to construct flat-ended cylindrical electrodes and were then inserted into two collinear channels fabricated using standard photolithography techniques to form a spatially uniform electric field to promote the detection throughput and sensitivity. Thirdly, based on the validation of this method, we measured the impedance of living Euglena and Haematococcus pluvialis to study parametric influences, including ion concentration, cell density and electrode gap. The throughput of this method was also investigated, which reached 1800 cells per s in the detection of Haematococcus pluvialis. Fourthly, we analyzed live and dead Euglena to prove the ability of this method to detect the physiological status of cells and obtained impedances of 124.3 Ω and 31.0 Ω with proportions of 15.9% and 84.1%, respectively. Finally, this method was engineered for the analysis of marine microalgae, measuring living Euglena with an impedance of 159.61 Ω accounting for 3.9%, dead Euglena with an impedance of 36.43 Ω accounting for 10.1% and Oocystis sp. with an impedance of 55.00 Ω accounting for about 81.0%. This method could provide a reliable tool to analyze marine microalgae for monitoring the marine environment and treatment of diseases owing to its outstanding advantages of low cost, high throughput and high corrosion resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Chen
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Mo Shen
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Shun Liu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Chungang Wu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Liangliang Sun
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Zhipeng Song
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Jishun Shi
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Yulong Yuan
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
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15
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Tian Y, Chen W, Du G, Gao J, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Su M, Hu R, Han F. Microfluidic-based preparation of artificial antigen-presenting gel droplets for integrated and minimalistic adoptive cell therapy strategies. Biofabrication 2024; 16:025034. [PMID: 38437712 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad2fd4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive T-cell transfer for cancer therapy is limited by the inefficiency ofin vitroT-cell expansion and the ability ofin vivoT-cells to infiltrate tumors. The construction of multifunctional artificial antigen-presenting cells is a promising but challenging approach to achieve this goal. In this study, a multifunctional artificial antigen-presenting gel droplet (AAPGD) was designed. Its surface provides regulated T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and co-stimulation signals and is capable of slow release of mitogenic cytokines and collagen mimetic peptide. The highly uniform AAPGD are generated by a facile method based on standard droplet microfluidic devices. The results of the study indicate that, T-cell proliferatedin vitroutilizing AAPGD have a fast rate and high activity. AAPGD increased the proportion ofin vitroproliferating T cells low differentiation and specificity. The starting number of AAPGDs and the quality ratio of TCR-stimulated and co-stimulated signals on the surface have a large impact on the rapid proliferation of low-differentiated T cellsin vitro. During reinfusion therapy, AAPGD also enhanced T-cell infiltration into the tumor site. In experiments using AAPGD for adoptive T cell therapy in melanoma mice, tumor growth was inhibited, eliciting a potent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte immune response and improving mouse survival. In conclusion, AAPGD promotes rapid low-differentiation proliferation of T cellsin vitroand enhances T cell infiltration of tumorsin vivo. It simplifies the preparation steps of adoptive cell therapy, improves the therapeutic effect, and provides a new pathway for overdosing T cells to treat solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishen Tian
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Research on Autoimmune Diseases of Higher Education schools in Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangshi Du
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Research on Autoimmune Diseases of Higher Education schools in Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Research on Autoimmune Diseases of Higher Education schools in Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Youbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Research on Autoimmune Diseases of Higher Education schools in Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuli Wang
- Key Laboratory for Research on Autoimmune Diseases of Higher Education schools in Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Su
- Key Laboratory for Research on Autoimmune Diseases of Higher Education schools in Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Hu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Research on Autoimmune Diseases of Higher Education schools in Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, People's Republic of China
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16
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Piri A, Hyun KA, Jung HI, Nam KS, Hwang J. Enhanced enrichment of collected airborne coronavirus and influenza virus samples via a ConA-coated microfluidic chip for PCR detection. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133249. [PMID: 38154189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak triggered global concern and emphasized the importance of virus monitoring. During a seasonal influenza A outbreak, relatively low concentrations of 103-104 viral genome copies are available per 1 m3 of air, which makes detection and monitoring very challenging because the limit of detection of most polymerase chain reaction (PCR) devices is approximately 103 viral genome copies/mL. In response to the urgent need for the rapid detection of airborne coronaviruses and influenza viruses, an electrostatic aerosol-to-hydrosol (ATH) sampler was combined with a concanavalin A (ConA)-coated high-throughput microfluidic chip. The samples were then used for PCR detection. The results revealed that the enrichment capacity of the ATH sampler was 30,000-fold for both HCoV-229E and H1N1 influenza virus, whereas the enrichment capacities provided by the ConA-coated microfluidic chip were 8-fold and 16-fold for HCoV-229E and H1N1 virus, respectively. Thus, the total enrichment capacities of our combined ATH sampler and ConA-coated microfluidic chip were 2.4 × 105-fold and 4.8 × 105-fold for HCoV-229E and H1N1 virus, respectively. This methodology significantly improves PCR detection by providing a higher concentration of viable samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Piri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hyun
- Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang Sik Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Liu R, Li X, Liu Y, Du L, Zhu Y, Wu L, Hu B. A high-speed microscopy system based on deep learning to detect yeast-like fungi cells in blood. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:289-303. [PMID: 38334080 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Blood-invasive fungal infections can cause the death of patients, while diagnosis of fungal infections is challenging. Methods: A high-speed microscopy detection system was constructed that included a microfluidic system, a microscope connected to a high-speed camera and a deep learning analysis section. Results: For training data, the sensitivity and specificity of the convolutional neural network model were 93.5% (92.7-94.2%) and 99.5% (99.1-99.5%), respectively. For validating data, the sensitivity and specificity were 81.3% (80.0-82.5%) and 99.4% (99.2-99.6%), respectively. Cryptococcal cells were found in 22.07% of blood samples. Conclusion: This high-speed microscopy system can analyze fungal pathogens in blood samples rapidly with high sensitivity and specificity and can help dramatically accelerate the diagnosis of fungal infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yingyi Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingzhu Zhu
- Guangzhou Waterrock Gene Technology, Guangdong, China
| | - Lichuan Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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18
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Kumari M, Gupta V, Kumar N, Arun RK. Microfluidics-Based Nanobiosensors for Healthcare Monitoring. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:378-401. [PMID: 37166577 PMCID: PMC10173227 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Efficient healthcare management demands prompt decision-making based on fast diagnostics tools, astute data analysis, and informatics analysis. The rapid detection of analytes at the point of care is ensured using microfluidics in synergy with nanotechnology and biotechnology. The nanobiosensors use nanotechnology for testing, rapid disease diagnosis, monitoring, and management. In essence, nanobiosensors detect biomolecules through bioreceptors by modulating the physicochemical signals generating an optical and electrical signal as an outcome of the binding of a biomolecule with the help of a transducer. The nanobiosensors are sensitive and selective and play a significant role in the early identification of diseases. This article reviews the detection method used with the microfluidics platform for nanobiosensors and illustrates the benefits of combining microfluidics and nanobiosensing techniques by various examples. The fundamental aspects, and their application are discussed to illustrate the advancement in the development of microfluidics-based nanobiosensors and the current trends of these nano-sized sensors for point-of-care diagnosis of various diseases and their function in healthcare monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kumari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, NH-44, Jagti, PO Nagrota, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 181221, India
| | - Verruchi Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Kakryal, Katra, Jammu & Kashmir, 182320, India
| | - Natish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, NH-44, Jagti, PO Nagrota, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 181221, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Arun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, NH-44, Jagti, PO Nagrota, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 181221, India.
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19
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Strutt R, Xiong B, Abegg VF, Dittrich PS. Open microfluidics: droplet microarrays as next generation multiwell plates for high throughput screening. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1064-1075. [PMID: 38356285 PMCID: PMC10898417 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01024d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Multiwell plates are prominent in the biological and chemical sciences; however, they face limitations in terms of throughput and deployment in emerging bioengineering fields. Droplet microarrays, as an open microfluidic technology, organise tiny droplets typically in the order of thousands, on an accessible plate. In this perspective, we summarise current approaches for generating droplets, fluid handling on them, and analysis within droplet microarrays. By enabling unique plate engineering opportunities, demonstrating the necessary experimental procedures required for manipulating and interacting with biological cells, and integrating with label-free analytical techniques, droplet microarrays can be deployed across a more extensive experimental domain than what is currently covered by multiwell plates. Droplet microarrays thus offer a solution to the bottlenecks associated with multiwell plates, particularly in the areas of biological cultivation and high-throughput compound screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Strutt
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Schanzenstrasse 44, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Bijing Xiong
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Schanzenstrasse 44, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Vanessa Fabienne Abegg
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Schanzenstrasse 44, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Schanzenstrasse 44, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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20
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Trinh TND, Nam NN. Isothermal amplification-based microfluidic devices for detecting foodborne pathogens: a review. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1150-1157. [PMID: 38323529 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02039h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The gold standard for nucleic acid amplification-based diagnosis is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR recognizes the targets such as foodborne pathogens by amplifying their specific genes. The integration of nucleic acid amplification-based assays on microfluidic platforms represents a highly promising solution for convenient, cheap, and effective control of foodborne pathogens. However, the application of the PCR is limited to on-site detection because the method requires sophisticated equipment for temperature control, which makes it complicated for microfluidic integration. Alternatively, isothermal amplification methods are promising tools for integrating microfluidic platforms for on-site detection of foodborne pathogens. This review summarized advances in isothermal amplification-based microfluidic devices for detecting foodborne pathogens. Different nucleic acid extraction approaches and the integration of these approaches in microfluidic platforms were first reviewed. Microfluidic platforms integrated with three common isothermal amplification methods including loop-mediated isothermal amplification, recombinase polymerase amplification, and recombinase-aided amplification were then described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngoc Diep Trinh
- Department of Materials Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Nhat Nam
- Applied Biology Center, School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam
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21
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Tang M, Yuan XY, Zhu KJ, Sun W, Hong SL, Hu J, Liu K. Magnetic Microbead-Based Herringbone Chip for Sensitive Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1622-1629. [PMID: 38215213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The microfluidic chip-based nucleic acid detection method significantly improves the sensitivity since it precisely controls the microfluidic flow in microchannels. Nonetheless, significant challenges still exist in improving the detection efficiency to meet the demand for rapid detection of trace substances. This work provides a novel magnetic herringbone (M-HB) structure in a microfluidic chip, and its advantage in rapid and sensitive detection is verified by taking complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) detection as an example. The M-HB structure is designed based on controlling the magnetic field distribution in the micrometer scale and is formed by accumulation of magnetic microbeads (MMBs). Hence, M-HB is similar to a nanopore microstructure, which has a higher contact area and probe density. All of the above is conducive to improving sensitivity in microfluidic chips. The M-HB chip is stable and easy to form, which can linearly detect cDNA sequences of HIV quantitatively ranging from 1 to 20 nM with a detection limit of 0.073 nM. Compared to the traditional herringbone structure, this structure is easier to form and release by controlling the magnetic field, which is flexible and helps in further study. Results show that this chip can sensitively detect the cDNA sequences of HIV in blood samples, demonstrating that it is a powerful platform to rapidly and sensitively detect multiple nucleic acid-related viruses of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Tang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Xin-Yue Yuan
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Kuan-Jie Zhu
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Shao-Li Hong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Kan Liu
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
- Hubei Province Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan 430200, China
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22
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Shimada T, Fujino K, Yasui T, Kaji N, Ueda Y, Fujii K, Yukawa H, Baba Y. Resistive Pulse Sensing on a Capillary-Assisted Microfluidic Platform for On-Site Single-Particle Analyses. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18335-18343. [PMID: 38064273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Capillary-assisted flow is valuable for utilizing microfluidics-based electrical sensing platforms at on-site locations by simplifying microfluidic operations and system construction; however, incorporating capillary-assisted flow in platforms requires easy microfluidic modification and stability over time for capillary-assisted flow generation and sensing performance. Herein, we report a capillary-assisted microfluidics-based electrical sensing platform using a one-step modification of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with polyethylene glycol (PEG). As a model of electrical sensing platforms, this work focused on resistive pulse sensing (RPS) using a micropore in a microfluidic chip for label-free electrical detection of single analytes, and filling the micropore with an electrolyte is the first step to perform this RPS. The PEG-PDMS surfaces remained hydrophilic after ambient storage for 30 d and assisted in generating an electrolyte flow for filling the micropore with the electrolyte. We demonstrated the successful detection and size analysis of micrometer particles and bacterial cells based on RPS using the microfluidic chip stored in a dry state for 30 d. Combining this capillary-assisted microfluidic platform with a portable RPS system makes on-site detection and analysis of single pathogens possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Shimada
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Keiko Fujino
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takao Yasui
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Noritada Kaji
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ueda
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fujii
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yukawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Nagoya University Institute for Advanced Research, Advanced Analytical and Diagnostic Imaging Center (AADIC)/Medical Engineering Unit (MEU), B3 Unit, Nagoya University, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Development of Quantum-Nano Cancer Photoimmunotherapy for Clinical Application of Refractory Cancer, Nagoya University, Tsurumai 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Nagoya University Institute for Advanced Research, Advanced Analytical and Diagnostic Imaging Center (AADIC)/Medical Engineering Unit (MEU), B3 Unit, Nagoya University, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Development of Quantum-Nano Cancer Photoimmunotherapy for Clinical Application of Refractory Cancer, Nagoya University, Tsurumai 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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23
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Zhou Y, Sekar NC, Thurgood P, Needham S, Peter K, Khoshmanesh K, Baratchi S. Bioengineered Vascular Model of Foam Cell Formation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6947-6955. [PMID: 38018792 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Foam cell formation is a complex blood vessel pathology, which is characterized by a series of events, including endothelium dysfunction, inflammation, and accumulation of immune cells underneath the blood vessel walls. Novel bioengineered models capable of recapitulating these events are required to better understand the complex pathological processes underlying the development of foam cell formation and, consequently, advanced bioengineered platforms for screening drugs. Here, we generated a microfluidic blood vessel model, incorporating a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix coated with an endothelial layer. This system enables us to perform experiments under a dynamic microenvironment that recapitulates the complexities of the native vascular regions. Using this model, we studied the effectors that regulate monocyte adhesion and migration, as well as foam cell formation inside vessel walls. We found that monocyte adhesion and migration are regulated by both the endothelium and monocytes themselves. Monocytes migrated into the extracellular matrix only when endothelial cells were cultured in the vessel model. In addition, the exposure of an endothelial layer to tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and low shear stress both increased monocyte migration into the subendothelial space toward the matrix. Furthermore, we demonstrated the process of foam cell formation, 3 days after transmigration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into the vessel wall. We showed that pre-exposure of PBMCs to high shear rates increases their adhesion and migration through the TNF-α-treated endothelium but does not affect their capacity to form foam cells. The versatility of our model allows for mechanistic studies on foam cell formation under customized pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
| | - Nadia Chandra Sekar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Scott Needham
- Leading Technology Group, Kew, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Khashayar Khoshmanesh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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24
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Nie C, Shaw I, Chen C. Application of microfluidic technology based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering in cancer biomarker detection: A review. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1429-1451. [PMID: 38223444 PMCID: PMC10785256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
With the continuous discovery and research of predictive cancer-related biomarkers, liquid biopsy shows great potential in cancer diagnosis. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and microfluidic technology have received much attention among the various cancer biomarker detection methods. The former has ultrahigh detection sensitivity and can provide a unique fingerprint. In contrast, the latter has the characteristics of miniaturization and integration, which can realize accurate control of the detection samples and high-throughput detection through design. Both have the potential for point-of-care testing (POCT), and their combination (lab-on-a-chip SERS (LoC-SERS)) shows good compatibility. In this paper, the basic situation of circulating proteins, circulating tumor cells, exosomes, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and microRNA (miRNA) in the diagnosis of various cancers is reviewed, and the detection research of these biomarkers by the LoC-SERS platform in recent years is described in detail. At the same time, the challenges and future development of the platform are discussed at the end of the review. Summarizing the current technology is expected to provide a reference for scholars engaged in related work and interested in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Nie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ibrahim Shaw
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chuanpin Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
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25
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Trinh KTL. Microfluidic Formulation for Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1587. [PMID: 38004452 PMCID: PMC10675076 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic technology was recognized in the 1980s when the first micropumps and micro-valves were developed to manipulate fluids for biological applications [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieu The Loan Trinh
- BioNano Applications Research Center, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
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26
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Ebrahimi A, Didarian R, Ghorbanpoor H, Dogan Guzel F, Hashempour H, Avci H. High-throughput microfluidic chip with silica gel-C18 channels for cyclotide separation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6873-6883. [PMID: 37792070 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, microfluidic-based separations have been used for the purification, isolation, and separation of biomolecules to overcome difficulties encountered by conventional chromatography-based methods including high cost, long processing times, sample volumes, and low separation efficiency. Cyclotides, or cyclic peptides used by some plant families as defense agents, have attracted the interest of scientists because of their biological activities varying from antimicrobial to anticancer properties. The separation process has a critical impact in terms of obtaining pure cyclotides for drug development strategies. Here, for the first time, a mimic of the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on microfluidic chip strategy was used to separate the cyclotides. In this regard, silica gel-C18 was synthesized and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and then filled inside the microchannel to prepare an HPLC C18 column-like structure inside the microchannel. Cyclotide extract was obtained from Viola ignobilis by a low voltage electric field extraction method and characterized by HPLC and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF). The extract that contained vigno 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and varv A cyclotides was added to the microchannel where distilled water was used as a mobile phase with 1 µL/min flow rate and then samples were collected in 2-min intervals until 10 min. Results show that cyclotides can be successfully separated from each other and collected from the microchannel at different periods of time. These findings demonstrate that the use of microfluidic channels has a high impact on the separation of cyclotides as a rapid, cost-effective, and simple method and the device can find widespread applications in drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Ebrahimi
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Reza Didarian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Hamed Ghorbanpoor
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Dogan Guzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hossein Hashempour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Huseyin Avci
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
- Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center (TATUM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
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27
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Raihan MK, Baghdady M, Dort H, Bentor J, Xuan X. Fluid Elasticity-Enhanced Insulator-Based Dielectrophoresis for Sheath-Free Particle Focusing in Very Dilute Polymer Solutions. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16013-16020. [PMID: 37856245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Focusing particles into a narrow stream is usually a necessary step in microfluidic flow cytometry and particle sorting. We demonstrate that the addition of a small amount of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) polymer into a buffer solution can reduce by almost 1 order of magnitude the threshold DC electric field for single-line dielectrophoretic focusing of particles in a constricted microchannel. The particle focusing effectiveness of this fluid elasticity-enhanced insulator-based dielectrophoresis (E-iDEP) in very dilute PEO solutions gets enhanced with the increase of the PEO molecular weight and particle size. These two trends are consistent with a theoretical analysis that accounts for the fluid elasticity effects on the electrokinetic and dielectrophoretic particle motions. Surprisingly, the particle-focusing effectiveness of E-iDEP is observed to first increase and then decrease with an increase in the PEO concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmud Kamal Raihan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Micah Baghdady
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Heston Dort
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Joseph Bentor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Xiangchun Xuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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28
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Solanki A, Griffin Z, Sutradhar PR, Pradhan K, Merritt C, Ganguly A, Riedel M. Neural network execution using nicked DNA and microfluidics. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292228. [PMID: 37856428 PMCID: PMC10586678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA has been discussed as a potential medium for data storage. Potentially it could be denser, could consume less energy, and could be more durable than conventional storage media such as hard drives, solid-state storage, and optical media. However, performing computations on the data stored in DNA is a largely unexplored challenge. This paper proposes an integrated circuit (IC) based on microfluidics that can perform complex operations such as artificial neural network (ANN) computation on data stored in DNA. We envision such a system to be suitable for highly dense, throughput-demanding bio-compatible applications such as an intelligent Organ-on-Chip or other biomedical applications that may not be latency-critical. It computes entirely in the molecular domain without converting data to electrical form, making it a form of in-memory computing on DNA. The computation is achieved by topologically modifying DNA strands through the use of enzymes called nickases. A novel scheme is proposed for representing data stochastically through the concentration of the DNA molecules that are nicked at specific sites. The paper provides details of the biochemical design, as well as the design, layout, and operation of the microfluidics device. Benchmarks are reported on the performance of neural network computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnav Solanki
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin-Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Zak Griffin
- Department of Computer Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Purab Ranjan Sutradhar
- Department of Computer Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Karisha Pradhan
- Department of Computer Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Caiden Merritt
- Department of Computer Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Amlan Ganguly
- Department of Computer Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Marc Riedel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin-Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
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29
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Jia N, Torres de Oliveira L, Bégin-Drolet A, Greener J. A spectIR-fluidic reactor for monitoring fast chemical reaction kinetics with on-chip attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:5129-5138. [PMID: 37609867 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00842h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has emerged as a powerful technology with diverse applications in microbiology, medicine, chemistry, and physics. While its potential for controlling and studying chemical reactions is well recognized, the extraction and analysis of useful chemical information generated within microfluidic devices remain challenging. This is mainly due to the limited tools available for in situ measurements of chemical reactions. In this study, we present a proof-of-concept spectIR-fluidic reactor design that combines microfluidics with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for in situ kinetic studies of fast reactions. By integrating a multi-ridge silicon attenuated total reflection (ATR) wafer into the microfluidic device, we enable multi-point measurements for precise reaction time monitoring. As such, this work establishes a validated foundation for studying fast chemical reactions using on-chip ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in a microfluidic reactor environment, which enables simultaneous monitoring of reagents, intermediates, and products using a phosphate proton transfer reaction. The spectIR-fluidic reactor platform offers customizable designs, allowing for the investigation of reactions with various time scales, and has the potential to significantly advance studies exploring reaction mechanisms and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jia
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Leon Torres de Oliveira
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - André Bégin-Drolet
- Département de Génie Mécanique, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jesse Greener
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- CHU de Québec, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, G1L 3L5, Canada
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30
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Sun Y, Ruan S, Zhou Y, Zhao L, Xiong W, Lin C, Kuang J, Ning F, Zhang M, Zhang H, Hu P. A magnetic solid phase extraction microfluidic chip coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1708:464364. [PMID: 37708669 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we designed and manufactured a reliable magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) microfluidic chip for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sample loading, washing and elution are implemented with microinjection pump and integrated on a single chip, which reduced manual operation. Magnets were used to fix octadecyl/phenyl bifunctional Fe3O4@SiO2 extractant to avoid the design of weir structure in extraction chamber. The whole microfluidic chip was simple and low cost. Based on the microfluidic chip extraction platform, the on-chip MSPE method for the determination of PAHs was optimized and established. The results showed that this method required only 2 mL of sample, 2 mg of extractant, and 50 μL of elution organic solvent for whole on-chip MSPE process, which was environmentally friendly and consistent with green chemistry. Method verification results were displayed which the linear range of five PAHs was between 1-100 ng/mL with good linearity (R2≥ 0.9985), and the detection limits (S/N = 3) were 0.08-0.26 ng/mL. The RSDs of intra-day precision (n=6) and inter-day precision (n=9) for PAHs were less than 6.1 % and 7.2 %, respectively. Enrichment factors were determined to be 31.3-37.7. The recoveries of river water, tap water, bottle water, waste water and urine at three spiked levels were in the range of 89.9% to 113.7% and the matrix effect values were between 83.8% to 109.6%. The extraction platform has the advantages of accurate analysis, simple design and cost-effective, which is conducive to the widespread use of microfluidic chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangkun Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shengli Ruan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Linhao Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenjing Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chuhui Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingjing Kuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fanghong Ning
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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31
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Ma Y, Dai T, Lei Y, Zhang L, Ma L, Liu M, An S, Zheng J, Zhuo K, Kong L, Gao P. Panoramic quantitative phase imaging of adherent live cells in a microfluidic environment. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5182-5198. [PMID: 37854568 PMCID: PMC10581813 DOI: 10.1364/boe.498602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how cells respond to external stimuli is crucial. However, there are a lack of inspection systems capable of simultaneously stimulating and imaging cells, especially in their natural states. This study presents a novel microfluidic stimulation and observation system equipped with flat-fielding quantitative phase contrast microscopy (FF-QPCM). This system allowed us to track the behavior of organelles in live cells experiencing controlled microfluidic stimulation. Using this innovative imaging platform, we successfully quantified the cellular response to shear stress including directional cellular shrinkage and mitochondrial distribution change in a label-free manner. Additionally, we detected and characterized the cellular response, particularly mitochondrial behavior, under varying fluidic conditions such as temperature and drug induction time. The proposed imaging platform is highly suitable for various microfluidic applications at the organelle level. We advocate that this platform will significantly facilitate life science research in microfluidic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Perception of Complex Environment, Ministry of Education, China
- Engineering Research Center of Functional Nanomaterials, Universities of Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Taiqiang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology &National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Yunze Lei
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Perception of Complex Environment, Ministry of Education, China
- Engineering Research Center of Functional Nanomaterials, Universities of Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology &National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Perception of Complex Environment, Ministry of Education, China
- Engineering Research Center of Functional Nanomaterials, Universities of Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Perception of Complex Environment, Ministry of Education, China
- Engineering Research Center of Functional Nanomaterials, Universities of Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sha An
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Perception of Complex Environment, Ministry of Education, China
- Engineering Research Center of Functional Nanomaterials, Universities of Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Juanjuan Zheng
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Perception of Complex Environment, Ministry of Education, China
- Engineering Research Center of Functional Nanomaterials, Universities of Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kequn Zhuo
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Perception of Complex Environment, Ministry of Education, China
- Engineering Research Center of Functional Nanomaterials, Universities of Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology &National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Perception of Complex Environment, Ministry of Education, China
- Engineering Research Center of Functional Nanomaterials, Universities of Shaanxi Province, China
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32
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Wang XN, Song Y, Tang W, Li P, Li B. Integration of fluorescence and MALDI imaging for microfluidic chip-based screening of potential thrombin inhibitors from natural products. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115527. [PMID: 37480787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The microfluidic technology provides an ideal platform for in situ screening of enzyme inhibitors and activators from natural products. This work described a surface-modified ITO glass-PDMS hybrid microfluidic chip for evaluating thrombin interaction with its potential inhibitors by fluorescence imaging and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI). The fluorescence-labeled substrate was immobilized on a conductive ITO glass slide coated with gold nanoparticles/thiol-β-cyclodextrin modified TiO2 nanowires (Au-β-CD@TiO2 NWs) via Au-S bonds. A PDMS microchannel plate was placed on top of the modified ITO slide. The premixed solutions of thrombin and candidate thrombin inhibitors were infused into the microchannels to form a microreactor environment. The enzymatic reaction was rapidly monitored by fluorescence microscopy, and MALDI MS was used to validate and quantify the enzymatic hydrolysate of thrombin to determine the enzyme kinetic process and inhibitory activities of selected flavonoids. The fluorescence and MALDI MS results showed that luteolin, cynaroside, and baicalin have good thrombin inhibitory activity and their half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were below 30 μM. The integration of fluorescence imaging and MALDI MSI for in situ monitoring and quantifying the enzymatic reaction in a microfluidic chip is capable of rapid and accurate screening of thrombin inhibitors from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yahui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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33
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Sun S, Xue X, Fu J. Modeling development using microfluidics: bridging gaps to foster fundamental and translational research. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 82:102097. [PMID: 37573835 PMCID: PMC11193336 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In vitro stem cell-derived embryo and organ models, termed embryoids and organoids, respectively, provide promising experimental tools to study physiological and pathological processes in mammalian development and organ formation. Most of current embryoid and organoid systems are developed using conventional three-dimensional cultures that lack controls of spatiotemporal extracellular signals. Microfluidics, an established technology for quantitative controls and quantifications of dynamic chemical and physical environments, has recently been utilized for developing next-generation embryoids and organoids in a controllable and reproducible manner. In this review, we summarize recent progress in constructing microfluidics-based embryoids and organoids. Development of these models demonstrates the successful applications of microfluidics in establishing morphogen gradients, accelerating medium transport, exerting mechanical forces, facilitating tissue coculture studies, and improving assay throughput, thus supporting using microfluidics for building next-generation embryoids and organoids for fundamental and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xufeng Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Zhang Y, Lin Y, Hong X, Di C, Xin Y, Wang X, Qi S, Liu BF, Zhang Z, Du W. Demand-driven active droplet generation and sorting based on positive pressure-controlled fluid wall. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5311-5322. [PMID: 37392212 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics is a rapidly advancing area of microfluidic technology, which offers numerous advantages for cell analysis, such as isolation and accumulation of signals, by confining cells within droplets. However, controlling cell numbers in droplets is challenging due to the uncertainty of random encapsulation which result in many empty droplets. Therefore, more precise control techniques are needed to achieve efficient encapsulation of cells within droplets. Here, an innovative microfluidic droplet manipulation platform had been developed, which employed positive pressure as a stable and controllable driving force for manipulating fluid within chips. The air cylinder, electro-pneumatics proportional valve, and the microfluidic chip were connected through a capillary, which enabled the formation of a fluid wall by creating a difference in hydrodynamic resistance between two fluid streams at the channel junction. Lowering the pressure of the driving oil phase eliminates hydrodynamic resistance and breaks the fluid wall. Regulating the duration of the fluid wall breakage controls the volume of the introduced fluid. Several important droplet microfluidic manipulations were demonstrated on this microfluidic platform, such as sorting of cells/droplets, sorting of droplets co-encapsulated cells and hydrogels, and active generation of droplets encapsulated with cells in a responsive manner. The simple, on-demand microfluidic platform was featured with high stability, good controllability, and compatibility with other droplet microfluidic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Lin
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xianzhe Hong
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Di
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuelai Xin
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shuhong Qi
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Du
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Long MM, Needs SH, Edwards AD. Dilution Reduces Sample Matrix Effects for Rapid, Direct, and Miniaturised Phenotypic Antibiotic Susceptibility Tests for Bovine Mastitis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1363. [PMID: 37760660 PMCID: PMC10525283 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The time-consuming nature of current methods for detecting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to guide mastitis treatment and for surveillance, drives innovation towards faster, easier, and more portable technology. Rapid on-farm testing could guide antibiotic selection, reducing misuse that contributes to resistance. We identify challenges that arise when developing miniaturized antibiotic susceptibility tests (AST) for rapid on-farm use directly in milk. We experimentally studied three factors: sample matrix (specifically milk or spoiled milk); the commensal bacteria found in fresh bovine milk; and result time on the performance of miniaturised AST. Microfluidic "dip-and-test" devices made from microcapillary film (MCF) were able to monitor Gram-negative bacterial growth colourimetrically even in the presence of milk and yoghurt (used to simulate spoiled milk samples), as long as this sample matrix was diluted 1:5 or more in growth medium. Growth detection kinetics using resazurin was not changed by milk at final concentrations of 20% or lower, but a significant delay was seen with yoghurt above 10%. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for ciprofloxacin and gentamicin was increased in the presence of higher concentrations of milk and yoghurt. When diluted to 1% all observed MIC were within range, indicating dilution may be sufficient to avoid milk matrix interfering with microfluidic AST. We found a median commensal cell count of 6 × 105 CFU/mL across 40 healthy milk samples and tested if these bacteria could alter microfluidic AST. We found that false susceptibility may be observed at early endpoint times if testing some pathogen and commensal mixtures. However, such errors are only expected to occur when a susceptible commensal organism is present at higher cell density relative to the resistant pathogen, and this can be avoided by reading at later endpoints, leading to a trade-off between accuracy and time-to-result. We conclude that with further optimisation, and additional studies of Gram-positive organisms, it should be possible to obtain rapid results for microfluidic AST, but a trade-off is needed between time-to-result, sample dilution, and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Michael Long
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DX, UK; (M.M.L.); (S.H.N.)
| | - Sarah Helen Needs
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DX, UK; (M.M.L.); (S.H.N.)
| | - Alexander Daniel Edwards
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DX, UK; (M.M.L.); (S.H.N.)
- Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Yang C, Yang Y, Zhao G, Wang H, Dai Y, Huang X. A Low-Cost Microfluidic-Based Detection Device for Rapid Identification and Quantification of Biomarkers-Based on a Smartphone. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:753. [PMID: 37504151 PMCID: PMC10377552 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The sensitive and rapid detection of microsamples is crucial for early diagnosis of diseases. The short response times and low sample volume requirements of microfluidic chips have shown great potential in early diagnosis, but there are still shortcomings such as complex preparation processes and high costs. We developed a low-cost smartphone-based fluorescence detection device (Smartphone-BFDD) without precision equipment for rapid identification and quantification of biomarkers on glass capillary. The device combines microfluidic technology with RGB image analysis, effectively reducing the sample volume to 20 μL and detection time to only 30 min. For the sensitivity of the device, we constructed a standard sandwich immunoassay (antibody-antigen-antibody) in a glass capillary using the N-protein of SARS-CoV-2 as a biological model, realizing a low limit of detection (LOD, 40 ng mL-1). This device provides potential applications for different biomarkers and offers wide use for rapid biochemical analysis in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yujing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Gaozhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
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Trinh TND, Do HDK, Nam NN, Dan TT, Trinh KTL, Lee NY. Droplet-Based Microfluidics: Applications in Pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:937. [PMID: 37513850 PMCID: PMC10385691 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidics offer great opportunities for applications in various fields, such as diagnostics, food sciences, and drug discovery. A droplet provides an isolated environment for performing a single reaction within a microscale-volume sample, allowing for a fast reaction with a high sensitivity, high throughput, and low risk of cross-contamination. Owing to several remarkable features, droplet-based microfluidic techniques have been intensively studied. In this review, we discuss the impact of droplet microfluidics, particularly focusing on drug screening and development. In addition, we surveyed various methods of device fabrication and droplet generation/manipulation. We further highlight some promising studies covering drug synthesis and delivery that were updated within the last 5 years. This review provides researchers with a quick guide that includes the most up-to-date and relevant information on the latest scientific findings on the development of droplet-based microfluidics in the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngoc Diep Trinh
- Department of Materials Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Dang Khoa Do
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ward 13, District 04, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Nhat Nam
- Biotechnology Center, School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam
| | - Thach Thi Dan
- Department of Materials Science, School of Applied Chemistry, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City 87000, Vietnam
| | - Kieu The Loan Trinh
- BioNano Applications Research Center, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
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Meng X, Guo P, Li J, Huang H, Li Z, Yan H, Chu Z, Zhou YG. A versatile and tunable bio-patterning platform for the construction of various cell array biochips. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 228:115203. [PMID: 36934608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a versatile and tunable platform for the construction of various cell array biochips using a simple soft lithographic approach to pattern polydopamine (PDA) arrays via microcontact printing (μCP). Instead of direct polymerization of PDA on the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) tips, dopamine monomers were first printed on the substrate followed by a self-oxidative polymerization step facilitated by ammonia vapor to grow PDA in situ, which greatly reduced the reaction time and prevented the PDMS tips from damaging. The improved robustness and utility of the PDMS tips allows the formation of tunable PDA array chips with controllable PDA feature size and shape. As a result, single cell, multi-cells and cell line arrays can be constructed. The obtained cell array chips showed high single cell capture efficiency, providing a standardized single cell array analysis platform. Meanwhile, the adhered cells can maintain excellent viability and proliferation ability on the PDA chips. Moreover, a cytotoxicity sensor with single cell resolution was enabled on the single cell array chip. This work provides a promising cell array biochip platform for high-throughput cellular analysis and cell screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Meng
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ping Guo
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haikang Huang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zeqi Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Hailong Yan
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zonglin Chu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Yi-Ge Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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Jarrah R, Nathani KR, Bhandarkar S, Ezeudu CS, Nguyen RT, Amare A, Aljameey UA, Jarrah SI, Bhandarkar AR, Fiani B. Microfluidic 'brain-on chip' systems to supplement neurological practice: development, applications and considerations. Regen Med 2023; 18:413-423. [PMID: 37125510 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the greatest general challenges in bioengineering is to mimic human physiology. Advanced efforts in tissue engineering have led to sophisticated 'brain-on-chip' (BoC) microfluidic devices that can mimic structural and functional aspects of brain tissue. BoC may be used to understand the biochemical pathways of neurolgical pathologies and assess promising therapeutic agents for facilitating regenerative medicine. We evaluated the potential of microfluidic BoC devices in various neurological pathologies, such as Alzheimer's, glioblastoma, traumatic brain injury, stroke and epilepsy. We also discuss the principles, limitations and future considerations of BoC technology. Results suggest that BoC models can help understand complex neurological pathologies and augment drug testing efforts for regenerative applications. However, implementing organ-on-chip technology to clinical practice has some practical limitations that warrant greater attention to improve large-scale applicability. Nevertheless, they remain to be versatile and powerful tools that can broaden our understanding of pathophysiological and therapeutic uncertainties to neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Jarrah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Shaan Bhandarkar
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chibuze S Ezeudu
- Texas A&M School of Medicine,Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Ryan T Nguyen
- University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Abrham Amare
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Usama A Aljameey
- Lincoln Memorial University DeBusk School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37923, USA
| | - Sabrina I Jarrah
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Brian Fiani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cornell Medical Center/New York Presbyterian, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Zou B, Lou S, Duan J, Zhou S, Wang Y. Design of Raman reporter-embedded magnetic/plasmonic hybrid nanostirrers for reliable microfluidic SERS biosensors. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:8424-8431. [PMID: 37093062 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00303e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic-based microfluidic SERS biosensors hold great potential in various biological analyses due to their integrated advantages including easy manipulation, miniaturization and ultrasensitivity. However, it remains challenging to collect reliable SERS nanoprobe signals for quantitative analysis due to the irregular aggregation of magnetic carriers in a microfluidic chamber. Here, magnetic/plasmonic hybrid nanostirrers embedded with a Raman reporter are developed as capture carriers to improve the reliability of microfluidic SERS biosensors. Experimental results revealed that SERS signals from magnetic hybrid nanostirrers could serve as microenvironment beacons of their irregular aggregation, and a signal filtering method was proposed through exploring the relationship between the intensity range of beacons and the signal reproducibility of SERS nanoprobes using interleukin 6 as a model target analyte. Using the signal filtering method, reliable SERS nanoprobe signals with high reproducibility could be picked out from similar microenvironments according to their beacon intensity, and then the influence of irregular aggregation of magnetic carriers on the SERS nanoprobe could be eliminated. The filtered SERS nanoprobe signals also exhibited excellent repeatability from independent tests, which lay a solid foundation for a reliable working curve and subsequent accurate bioassay. This study provides a simple but promising route for reliable microfluidic SERS biosensors, which will further promote their practical application in biological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfang Zou
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Shiyun Lou
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Jie Duan
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Shaomin Zhou
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Li Z, Hua L, Xie L, Wang D, Jiang X. Automated Microfluidic Nucleic Acid Detection Platform-Integrated RPA-T7-Cas13a for Pathogen Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6940-6947. [PMID: 37083348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing urgent need for point-of-care testing (POCT) devices that integrate sample pretreatment and nucleic acid detection in a rapid, economical, and non-labor-intensive way. Here, we have developed an automated, portable nucleic acid detection system employing microfluidic chips integrating rotary valve-assisted sample pretreatment and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-T7-Cas13a into one-step nucleic acid detection. The RPA and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas13a were integrated into a single-chamber reaction. As a validation model, we used this method to detect Group B streptococci (GBS) DNA and achieved a detection sensitivity of 8 copies/reaction, which is 6 times more sensitive than gold-standard polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Dual specific recognition of RPA with CRISPR/Cas13a makes our method ultraspecific, with correct detection of Group B streptococci from 8 kinds of pathogenic bacteria. For the 16 positive and 24 negative clinical GBS samples, our assay achieved 100% accuracy compared to the PCR technique. The whole procedure can be automatically completed within 30 min, providing a more robust, sensitive, and accurate molecular diagnostic tool for POCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyan Hua
- Shaoguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 3, Dongdi South Road, Shaoguan 512026, Guangdong, China
| | - Liming Xie
- Shaoguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 3, Dongdi South Road, Shaoguan 512026, Guangdong, China
| | - Dou Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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Tian Y, Hu R, Du G, Xu N. Microfluidic Chips: Emerging Technologies for Adoptive Cell Immunotherapy. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:877. [PMID: 37421109 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a personalized therapy that has shown great success in treating hematologic malignancies in clinic, and has also demonstrated potential applications for solid tumors. The process of ACT involves multiple steps, including the separation of desired cells from patient tissues, cell engineering by virus vector systems, and infusion back into patients after strict tests to guarantee the quality and safety of the products. ACT is an innovative medicine in development; however, the multi-step method is time-consuming and costly, and the preparation of the targeted adoptive cells remains a challenge. Microfluidic chips are a novel platform with the advantages of manipulating fluid in micro/nano scales, and have been developed for various biological research applications as well as ACT. The use of microfluidics to isolate, screen, and incubate cells in vitro has the advantages of high throughput, low cell damage, and fast amplification rates, which can greatly simplify ACT preparation steps and reduce costs. Moreover, the customizable microfluidic chips fit the personalized demands of ACT. In this mini-review, we describe the advantages and applications of microfluidic chips for cell sorting, cell screening, and cell culture in ACT compared to other existing methods. Finally, we discuss the challenges and potential outcomes of future microfluidics-related work in ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishen Tian
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guangshi Du
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Na Xu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
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Siddiqui SA, Ullah Farooqi MQ, Bhowmik S, Zahra Z, Mahmud MC, Assadpour E, Gan RY, Kharazmi MS, Jafari SM. Application of micro/nano-fluidics for encapsulation of food bioactive compounds - principles, applications, and challenges. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Gebreyesus ST, Muneer G, Huang CC, Siyal AA, Anand M, Chen YJ, Tu HL. Recent advances in microfluidics for single-cell functional proteomics. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1726-1751. [PMID: 36811978 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell proteomics (SCP) reveals phenotypic heterogeneity by profiling individual cells, their biological states and functional outcomes upon signaling activation that can hardly be probed via other omics characterizations. This has become appealing to researchers as it enables an overall more holistic view of biological details underlying cellular processes, disease onset and progression, as well as facilitates unique biomarker identification from individual cells. Microfluidic-based strategies have become methods of choice for single-cell analysis because they allow facile assay integrations, such as cell sorting, manipulation, and content analysis. Notably, they have been serving as an enabling technology to improve the sensitivity, robustness, and reproducibility of recently developed SCP methods. Critical roles of microfluidics technologies are expected to further expand rapidly in advancing the next phase of SCP analysis to reveal more biological and clinical insights. In this review, we will capture the excitement of the recent achievements of microfluidics methods for both targeted and global SCP, including efforts to enhance the proteomic coverage, minimize sample loss, and increase multiplexity and throughput. Furthermore, we will discuss the advantages, challenges, applications, and future prospects of SCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofani Tafesse Gebreyesus
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Gul Muneer
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Asad Ali Siyal
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Mihir Anand
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiung-Lin Tu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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45
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Song Y, Tang W, Han L, Liu Y, Shen C, Yin X, Ouyang B, Su Y, Guo X. Integration of nanomaterial sensing layers on printable organic field effect transistors for highly sensitive and stable biochemical signal conversion. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5537-5559. [PMID: 36880412 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05863d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic field effect transistor (OFET) devices are one of the most popular candidates for the development of biochemical sensors due to their merits of being flexible and highly customizable for low-cost large-area manufacturing. This review describes the key points in constructing an extended-gate type OFET (EGOFET) biochemical sensor with high sensitivity and stability. The structure and working mechanism of OFET biochemical sensors are described firstly, emphasizing the importance of critical material and device engineering to higher biochemical sensing capabilities. Next, printable materials used to construct sensing electrodes (SEs) with high sensitivity and stability are presented with a focus on novel nanomaterials. Then, methods of obtaining printable OFET devices with steep subthreshold swing (SS) for high transconductance efficiency are introduced. Finally, approaches for the integration of OFETs and SEs to form portable biochemical sensor chips are introduced, followed by several demonstrations of sensory systems. This review will provide guidelines for optimizing the design and manufacturing of OFET biochemical sensors and accelerating the movement of OFET biochemical sensors from the laboratory to the marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Song
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Wei Tang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lei Han
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Chaochao Shen
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiaokuan Yin
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Bang Ouyang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yuezeng Su
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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46
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Patel K, Stark H. Fluid interfaces laden by force dipoles: towards active matter-driven microfluidic flows. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2241-2253. [PMID: 36912619 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nonlinear microfluidics in combination with lab-on-a-chip devices has opened a new avenue for chemical and biomedical applications such as droplet formation and cell sorting. In this article, we integrate ideas from active matter into a microfluidic setting, where two fluid layers with identical densities but different viscosities flow through a microfluidic channel. Most importantly, the fluid interface is laden with active particles that act with dipolar forces on the adjacent fluids and thereby generate flows. We perform lattice-Boltzmann simulations and combine them with phase field dynamics of the interface and an advection-diffusion equation for the density of active particles. We show that only contractile force dipoles can destabilize the flat fluid interface. It develops a viscous finger from which droplets break up. For interfaces with non-zero surface tension, a critical value of activity equal to the surface tension is necessary to trigger the instability. Since activity depends on the density of force dipoles, the interface can develop steady deformation. Lastly, we demonstrate how to control droplet formation using switchable activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Patel
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Holger Stark
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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47
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Liu L, Ma W, Wang X, Li S. Recent Progress of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Bacteria Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:350. [PMID: 36979564 PMCID: PMC10046079 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There are various pathogenic bacteria in the surrounding living environment, which not only pose a great threat to human health but also bring huge losses to economic development. Conventional methods for bacteria detection are usually time-consuming, complicated and labor-intensive, and cannot meet the growing demands for on-site and rapid analyses. Sensitive, rapid and effective methods for pathogenic bacteria detection are necessary for environmental monitoring, food safety and infectious bacteria diagnosis. Recently, benefiting from its advantages of rapidity and high sensitivity, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has attracted significant attention in the field of bacteria detection and identification as well as drug susceptibility testing. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the latest advances in SERS technology in the field of bacteria analysis. Firstly, the mechanism of SERS detection and the fabrication of the SERS substrate were briefly introduced. Secondly, the label-free SERS applied for the identification of bacteria species was summarized in detail. Thirdly, various SERS tags for the high-sensitivity detection of bacteria were also discussed. Moreover, we emphasized the application prospects of microfluidic SERS chips in antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). In the end, we gave an outlook on the future development and trends of SERS in point-of-care diagnoses of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wenrui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Key Disciplines Laboratory of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shunbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Key Disciplines Laboratory of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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48
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Kumar S, Karmacharya M, Cho YK. Bridging the Gap between Nonliving Matter and Cellular Life. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2202962. [PMID: 35988151 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A cell, the fundamental unit of life, contains the requisite blueprint information necessary to survive and to build tissues, organs, and systems, eventually forming a fully functional living creature. A slight structural alteration can result in data misprinting, throwing the entire life process off balance. Advances in synthetic biology and cell engineering enable the predictable redesign of biological systems to perform novel functions. Individual functions and fundamental processes at the core of the biology of cells can be investigated by employing a synthetically constrained micro or nanoreactor. However, constructing a life-like structure from nonliving building blocks remains a considerable challenge. Chemical compartments, cascade signaling, energy generation, growth, replication, and adaptation within micro or nanoreactors must be comparable with their biological counterparts. Although these reactors currently lack the power and behavioral sophistication of their biological equivalents, their interface with biological systems enables the development of hybrid solutions for real-world applications, such as therapeutic agents, biosensors, innovative materials, and biochemical microreactors. This review discusses the latest advances in cell membrane-engineered micro or nanoreactors, as well as the limitations associated with high-throughput preparation methods and biological applications for the real-time modulation of complex pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mamata Karmacharya
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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49
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Kiani MJ, Dehghan A, Saadatbakhsh M, Jamali Asl S, Nouri NM, Pishbin E. Robotic digital microfluidics: a droplet-based total analysis system. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:748-760. [PMID: 36606624 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing automated platforms for point-of-need testing is a crucial global demand. Digital microfluidics is a promising solution for expanding integrated testing devices featuring ultimate control over the chemical and biological reactions in micro/nanoliter droplets. In this study, robotic digital microfluidics (RDMF) is introduced for the mechanical manipulation of the droplets precisely and inexpensively. A controllable and multifunctional arm equipped with several actuators is responsible for dispensing and manipulating droplets on a disposable superhydrophobic cartridge. The platform has been demonstrated with diverse functions, including droplet dispensing, transport, mixing, aliquoting, and splitting. Moreover, incorporating magnetic and heating modules into the system can realize particle manipulation and droplet heating. The liquid handling operations are investigated from both experimental and modeling perspectives. Handling a wide range of droplet sizes without needing high-voltage electric sources, integrability with different detection techniques, and ease of manufacturing are the main advantages of the RDMF platform compared to conventional digital microfluidic systems. The availability of a complete fluidic toolbox and multiple detection choices make RDMF promising for droplet-based total analysis technology. The system was applied for a urinalysis test to show its versatility in handling complex biochemical assays. The results entirely matched those obtained based on laboratory gold standard techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Kiani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Dehghan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahin Jamali Asl
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Norouz Mohammad Nouri
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmail Pishbin
- Bio-microfluidics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
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50
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Krishnan SK, Nataraj N, Meyyappan M, Pal U. Graphene-Based Field-Effect Transistors in Biosensing and Neural Interfacing Applications: Recent Advances and Prospects. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2590-2622. [PMID: 36693046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siva Kumar Krishnan
- CONACYT-Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apdo. Postal J-48, Puebla72570, Mexico
| | - Nandini Nataraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei106, Taiwan
| | - M Meyyappan
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati781039, Assam, India
| | - Umapada Pal
- Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apdo. Postal J-48, Puebla72570, Mexico
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