1
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Li Y, He C, Zhang Y, Shi Q. Online LC-Orbitrap MS method for the rapid molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9885. [PMID: 39180441 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) combined with electrospray ionization (ESI) has been the most useful technique for molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from diverse sources. However, the comprehensive detection of DOM composition was hindered by ionization suppression observed in ESI sources. HRMS coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) is a potential tool for comprehensive molecular characterization of DOM. METHODS The Suwannee River fulvic acids (SRFAs) and two DOM samples from seawater and refinery wastewater extracted by solid phase extraction (SPE) were analyzed by LC-Orbitrap MS coupled with ESI. The mobile phases, solvent composition, and gradient in the LC-Orbitrap MS analysis were optimized. RESULTS The number of detected molecular formulae of SRFAs by online LC-Orbitrap MS was significantly increased by approximately 40% compared to direct injection. These additional detected compounds are mainly protein and lignin-like compounds, with a low O/C ratio and high H/C ratio. For the SRFAs, the relative standard deviations (%) of reproducibility are 5.51, 2.33, 7.97, and 1.80 for average O/C, H/C, double bond equivalent, and modified aromaticity index, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study proposed a simple and rapid method based on LC-Orbitrap MS for an in-depth analysis of the molecular composition of DOM, achieving a remarkable analysis time of only 5 min per sample. The rapid method provides a dependable and efficient approach for the molecular characterization of DOM, thereby advancing our comprehension and investigation of DOM across diverse ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Yahe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
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2
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Papadopoulos Lambidis S, Schramm T, Steuer-Lodd K, Farrell S, Stincone P, Schmid R, Koester I, Torres R, Dittmar T, Aluwihare L, Simon C, Petras D. Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Untangles the Deep Metabolome of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39413296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c07173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an ultracomplex mixture that plays a central role in global biogeochemical cycles. Despite its importance, DOM remains poorly understood at the molecular level. Over the last decades, significant efforts have been made to decipher the chemical composition of DOM by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Yet, the complexity and high degree of nonresolved isomers still hamper the full structural analysis of DOM. To address this challenge, we developed an offline two-dimensional (2D) LC approach using two reversed-phase dimensions with orthogonal pH levels, followed by MS/MS data acquisition and molecular networking. 2D-LC-MS/MS reduced the complexity of DOM, enhancing the quality of MS/MS spectra and increasing spectral annotation rates. Applying our approach to analyze coastal-surface DOM from Southern California (USA) and open-ocean DOM from the central North Pacific (Hawaii), we annotated in total more than 600 structures via MS/MS spectrum matching, which was up to 90% more than that in iterative 1D LC-MS/MS analysis with the same total run time. Our data offer unprecedented insights into the molecular composition of marine DOM and highlight the potential of 2D-LC-MS/MS approaches to decipher the chemical composition of ultracomplex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stilianos Papadopoulos Lambidis
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Tilman Schramm
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, 169 Aberdeen Dr, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Karoline Steuer-Lodd
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, 169 Aberdeen Dr, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Shane Farrell
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, East Boothbay, Maine 94544, United States
| | - Paolo Stincone
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Robin Schmid
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Praha 6, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Irina Koester
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ralph Torres
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26382, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Lihini Aluwihare
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Carsten Simon
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Daniel Petras
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, 169 Aberdeen Dr, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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3
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Mase C, Sueur M, Lavanant H, Rüger CP, Giusti P, Afonso C. Ion Source Complementarity for Characterization of Complex Organic Mixtures Using Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry: A Review. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 39400408 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Complex organic mixtures are found in many areas of research, such as energy, environment, health, planetology, and cultural heritage, to name but a few. However, due to their complex chemical composition, which holds an extensive potential of information at the molecular level, their molecular characterization is challenging. In mass spectrometry, the ionization step is the key step, as it determines which species will be detected. This review presents an overview of the main ionization sources employed to characterize these kinds of samples in Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FT-MS), namely electrospray (ESI), atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), atmospheric pressure laser ionization (APLI), and (matrix-assisted) laser desorption ionization ((MA)LDI), and their complementarity in the characterization of complex organic mixtures. First, the ionization techniques are examined in the common direct introduction (DI) usage. Second, these approaches are discussed in the context of coupling chromatographic techniques such as gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and supercritical fluid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Mase
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, Rouen, France
- International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, Harfleur, France
- TotalEnergies OneTech, TotalEnergies Research & Technology Gonfreville, Harfleur, France
| | - Maxime Sueur
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, Rouen, France
- International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, Harfleur, France
| | - Hélène Lavanant
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, Rouen, France
- International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, Harfleur, France
| | - Christopher Paul Rüger
- International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, Harfleur, France
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Pierre Giusti
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, Rouen, France
- International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, Harfleur, France
- TotalEnergies OneTech, TotalEnergies Research & Technology Gonfreville, Harfleur, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, Rouen, France
- International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, Harfleur, France
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4
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Felgate SL, Jakobsson E, Balderrama Subieta A, Tranvik LJ, Hawkes JA. Combined Quantification and Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Using Charged Aerosol Detection. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024. [PMID: 39367863 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of thousands of molecular formulas comprised of an unknown number of chemical compounds, the concentration and composition of which are critical to ecosystem function and biogeochemical cycling. Despite its importance, our understanding of the DOM composition is lacking. This is principally due to its molecular complexity, which means that no single method is capable of describing DOM in its entirety. Quantification is typically done by proxy (e.g., relative to carbon content) and does not necessarily match well to compositional data, due to incomplete analytical windows and selectivity of different analytical methods. We present an integrated liquid chromatography (LC)-diode array detector (DAD)-charged aerosol detector (CAD)-mass spectrometry (MS) pipeline designed to both characterize and quantify solid-phase extractable DOM (SPE-DOM) in a single analysis. We applied this method to a set of eight Swedish water bodies sampled in the summer and winter. Chromophoric SPE-DOM was proportionally higher in samples with higher SPE-DOM concentrations but remained relatively consistent between sampling occasions. Ionizable SPE-DOM was relatively consistent across sites but was proportionally higher in summer. Overall, the carbon content of DOM was very consistently ∼40% across sites in both summer and winter. These findings suggest that SPE-DOM concentration at these sites is driven by (presumably allochthonous) chromophoric inputs, with an increased relative contribution in summer of material that is more ionizable and less chromophoric and may be either autochthonous or selectively enriched from allochthonous sources. Thus, with minimal additional effort, this method provided further compositional insights not attained by any single analysis in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Felgate
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Jakobsson
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden
| | - Andrea Balderrama Subieta
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden
| | - Lars J Tranvik
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey A Hawkes
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 23, Sweden
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5
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Waldemer C, Lechtenfeld OJ, Gao S, Koschorreck M, Herzsprung P. Anaerobic degradation of excess protein-rich fish feed drives CH 4 ebullition in a freshwater aquaculture pond. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176514. [PMID: 39341235 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Aquaculture is a climate-relevant source of greenhouse gases like methane. Methane emissions depend on various parameters, with organic matter playing a crucial role. Nevertheless, little is known about the composition of organic matter in aquaculture. We investigated the effects of excessive loading of high-protein fish feed on the quality of sediment organic matter in a fishpond to explain extremely high methane ebullition rates (bubble flux). Analysing the molecular composition of water-extractable organic matter using liquid chromatography Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscopy, we found strong differences between the feeding area and open water area: low-molecular weight nitrogen and sulphur-rich organic compounds were highly enriched at the feeding area. In addition, methane ebullition correlated well with sediment protein content and total bound nitrogen in pore water. Our results indicate that feed proteins in the sediments are hydrolysed into oligopeptides (CHNO) and subsequently converted to CHOS and CHNOS components during anaerobic deamination of protein and peptide fragments in the presence of inorganic sulphides. These metabolites accumulate at the feeding area due to continuous feed supply. Our findings illustrate the adverse effects of excessive feeding leading to bioreactor-like methane emissions at the feeding area. Improving feed management has the potential to make aquaculture more climate-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Waldemer
- Department Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver J Lechtenfeld
- Department Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shuxian Gao
- Department Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Koschorreck
- Department Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Herzsprung
- Department Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
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6
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Dudášová S, Wurz J, Berger U, Reemtsma T, Fu Q, Lechtenfeld OJ. An automated and high-throughput data processing workflow for PFAS identification in biota by direct infusion ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:4833-4848. [PMID: 39090266 PMCID: PMC11330400 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The increasing recognition of the health impacts from human exposure to per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) has surged the need for sophisticated analytical techniques and advanced data analyses, especially for assessing exposure by food of animal origin. Despite the existence of nearly 15,000 PFAS listed in the CompTox chemicals dashboard by the US Environmental Protection Agency, conventional monitoring and suspect screening methods often fall short, covering only a fraction of these substances. This study introduces an innovative automated data processing workflow, named PFlow, for identifying PFAS in environmental samples using direct infusion Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (DI-FT-ICR MS). PFlow's validation on a bream liver sample, representative of low-concentration biota, involves data pre-processing, annotation of PFAS based on their precursor masses, and verification through isotopologues. Notably, PFlow annotated 17 PFAS absent in the comprehensive targeted approach and tentatively identified an additional 53 compounds, thereby demonstrating its efficiency in enhancing PFAS detection coverage. From an initial dataset of 30,332 distinct m/z values, PFlow thoroughly narrowed down the candidates to 84 potential PFAS compounds, utilizing precise mass measurements and chemical logic criteria, underscoring its potential in advancing our understanding of PFAS prevalence and of human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dudášová
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johann Wurz
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Urs Berger
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Qiuguo Fu
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Oliver J Lechtenfeld
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
- ProVIS - Centre for Chemical Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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7
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Wang Q, Lechtenfeld OJ, Rietveld LC, Schuster J, Ernst M, Hofman-Caris R, Kaesler J, Wang C, Yang M, Yu J, Zietzschmann F. How aromatic dissolved organic matter differs in competitiveness against organic micropollutant adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 21:100392. [PMID: 38434492 PMCID: PMC10907174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Activated carbon is employed for the adsorption of organic micropollutants (OMPs) from water, typically present in concentrations ranging from ng L-1 to μg L-1. However, the efficacy of OMP removal is considerably deteriorated due to competitive adsorption from background dissolved organic matter (DOM), present at substantially higher concentrations in mg L-1. Interpreting the characteristics of competitive DOM is crucial in predicting OMP adsorption efficiencies across diverse natural waters. Molecular weight (MW), aromaticity, and polarity influence DOM competitiveness. Although the aromaticity-related metrics, such as UV254, of low MW DOM were proposed to correlate with DOM competitiveness, the method suffers from limitations in understanding the interplay of polarity and aromaticity in determining DOM competitiveness. Here, we elucidate the intricate influence of aromaticity and polarity in low MW DOM competition, spanning from a fraction level to a compound level, by employing direct sample injection liquid chromatography coupled with ultrahigh-resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Anion exchange resin pre-treatment eliminated 93% of UV254-active DOM, predominantly aromatic and polar DOM, and only minimally alleviated DOM competition. Molecular characterization revealed that nonpolar molecular formulas (constituting 26% PAC-adsorbable DOM) with medium aromaticity contributed more to the DOM competitiveness. Isomer-level analysis indicated that the competitiveness of highly aromatic LMW DOM compounds was strongly counterbalanced by increased polarity. Strong aromaticity-derived π-π interaction cannot facilitate the competitive adsorption of hydrophilic DOM compounds. Our results underscore the constraints of depending solely on aromaticity-based approaches as the exclusive interpretive measure for DOM competitiveness. In a broader context, this study demonstrates an effect-oriented DOM analysis, elucidating counterbalancing interactions of DOM molecular properties from fraction to compound level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Water Management, PO Box 5048, 2600, GA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Oliver J. Lechtenfeld
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- ProVIS−Centre for Chemical Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luuk C. Rietveld
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Water Management, PO Box 5048, 2600, GA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jonas Schuster
- Institute for Water Resources and Water Supply, Hamburg University of Technology, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Ernst
- Institute for Water Resources and Water Supply, Hamburg University of Technology, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Hofman-Caris
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, 3433PE, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research, Department of Environmental Technology, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Kaesler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chunmiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Frederik Zietzschmann
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Water Management, PO Box 5048, 2600, GA, Delft, the Netherlands
- Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Laboratory, Motardstr. 35, 13629, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Gao S, Jennings EK, Han L, Koch BP, Herzsprung P, Lechtenfeld OJ. Detection and Exclusion of False-Positive Molecular Formula Assignments via Mass Error Distributions in UHR Mass Spectra of Natural Organic Matter. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10210-10218. [PMID: 38869925 PMCID: PMC11209664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS) routinely detects and identifies thousands of mass peaks in complex mixtures, such as natural organic matter (NOM) and petroleum. The assignment of several chemically plausible molecular formulas (MFs) for a single accurate mass still poses a major problem for the reliable interpretation of NOM composition in a biogeochemical context. Applying sensible chemical rules for MF validation is often insufficient to eliminate multiple assignments (MultiAs)─especially for mass peaks with low abundance or if ample heteroatoms or isotopes are included - and requires manual inspection or expert judgment. Here, we present a new approach based on mass error distributions for the identification of true and false assignments among MultiAs. To this end, we used the mass error in millidalton (mDa), which was superior to the commonly used relative mass error in ppm. We developed an automatic workflow to group MultiAs based on their shared formula units and Kendrick mass defect values and to evaluate the mass error distribution. In this way, the number of valid assignments of chlorinated disinfection byproducts was increased by 8-fold as compared to only applying 37Cl/35Cl isotope ratio filters. Likewise, phosphorus-containing MFs can be differentiated against chlorine-containing MFs with high confidence. Further, false assignments of highly aromatic sulfur-containing MFs ("black sulfur") to sodium adducts in negative ionization mode can be excluded by applying our approach. Overall, MFs for mass peaks that are close to the detection limit or where naturally occurring isotopes are rare (e.g., 15N) or absent (e.g., P and F) can now be validated, substantially increasing the reliability of MF assignments and broadening the applicability of UHRMS analysis to even more complex samples and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Gao
- Department
Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
| | - Elaine K. Jennings
- Department
Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
| | - Limei Han
- Department
Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
| | - Boris P. Koch
- Department
of Biosciences, Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz
Centre for Polar and Marine Research—AWI, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven D-27570, Germany
- University
of Applied Sciences, An der Karlstadt 8, Bremerhaven 27568, Germany
| | - Peter Herzsprung
- Department
Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental
Research—UFZ, Brückstr. 3a, Magdeburg D-39114, Germany
| | - Oliver J. Lechtenfeld
- Department
Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
- ProVIS–Centre
for Chemical Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre
for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
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9
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Rodrigues Matos R, Jennings EK, Kaesler J, Reemtsma T, Koch BP, Lechtenfeld OJ. Post column infusion of an internal standard into LC-FT-ICR MS enables semi-quantitative comparison of dissolved organic matter in original samples. Analyst 2024; 149:3468-3478. [PMID: 38742449 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00119b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry hyphenated with liquid chromatography (LC) is an emerging tool to explore the isomeric composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM). However, matrix effects limit the potential for semi-quantitative comparison of DOM molecule abundances across samples. We introduce a post-column infused internal standard (PCI-IS) for reversed-phase LC-FT-ICR MS measurements of DOM and systematically evaluate matrix effects, detector linearity and the precision of mass peak intensities. Matrix effects for model compounds spiked into freshwater DOM samples ranging from a headwater stream to a major river were reduced by 5-10% for PCI-IS corrected mass peak intensities as compared to raw (i.e., untransformed) intensities. A linear regression of PCI-IS corrected DOM mass peak intensities across a typical DOM concentration range (2-15 mg dissolved organic carbon L-1) in original, non-extracted freshwater samples demonstrates excellent linearity of the detector response (r2 > 0.9 for 98% of detected molecular formulas across retention times). Importantly, PCI-IS could compensate for 80% of matrix effects across an environmental gradient of DOM composition from groundwater to surface water. This enabled studying the ionization efficiency of DOM isomers and linking the observed differences to the biogeochemical sources. With PCI-IS original, non-extracted DOM samples can be analysed by LC-FT-ICR MS without carbon load adjustment, and mass peak intensities can be reliably used to semi-quantitatively compare isomer abundances between compositionally similar DOM samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rodrigues Matos
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Elaine K Jennings
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jan Kaesler
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Boris P Koch
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Ecological Chemistry, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Hochschule Bremerhaven, University of Applied Sciences, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Oliver J Lechtenfeld
- Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
- ProVIS-Centre for Chemical Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Craig A, Moodie LWK, Hawkes JA. Preparation of Simple Bicyclic Carboxylate-Rich Alicyclic Molecules for the Investigation of Dissolved Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7078-7086. [PMID: 38608252 PMCID: PMC11044592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a vast and complex chemical mixture that plays a key role in the mediation of the global carbon cycle. Fundamental understanding of the source and fate of oceanic organic matter is obscured due to poor definition of the key molecular contributors to DOM, which limits accurate sample analysis and prediction of the Earth's carbon cycle. Previous work has attempted to define the components of the DOM through a variety of chromatographic and spectral techniques. However, modern preparative and analytical methods have not isolated or unambiguously identified molecules from DOM. Therefore, previously proposed structures are based solely on the mixture's aggregate properties and do not accurately describe any true individual molecular component. In addition to this, there is a lack of appropriate analogues of the individual chemical classes within DOM, limiting the scope of experiments that probe the physical, chemical, and biological contributions from each class. To address these problems, we synthesized a series of analogues of carboxylate-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM), a molecular class hypothesized to exist as a major contributor to DOM. Key analytical features of the synthetic CRAMs were consistent with marine DOM, supporting their suitability as chemical substitutes for CRAM. This new approach provides access to a molecular toolkit that will enable previously inaccessible experiments to test many unproven hypotheses surrounding the ever-enigmatic DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
J. Craig
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
- Drug
Design and Discovery, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
| | - Lindon W. K. Moodie
- Drug
Design and Discovery, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey A. Hawkes
- Analytical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
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11
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Lechtenfeld OJ, Kaesler J, Jennings EK, Koch BP. Direct Analysis of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter Using LC-FT-ICR MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4637-4647. [PMID: 38427796 PMCID: PMC10938638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component of the global carbon cycle, yet its intricate composition and the sea salt matrix pose major challenges for chemical analysis. We introduce a direct injection, reversed-phase liquid chromatography ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry approach to analyze marine DOM without the need for solid-phase extraction. Effective separation of salt and DOM is achieved with a large chromatographic column and an extended isocratic aqueous step. Postcolumn dilution of the sample flow with buffer-free solvents and implementing a counter gradient reduced salt buildup in the ion source and resulted in excellent repeatability. With this method, over 5,500 unique molecular formulas were detected from just 5.5 nmol carbon in 100 μL of filtered Arctic Ocean seawater. We observed a highly linear detector response for variable sample carbon concentrations and a high robustness against the salt matrix. Compared to solid-phase extracted DOM, our direct injection method demonstrated superior sensitivity for heteroatom-containing DOM. The direct analysis of seawater offers fast and simple sample preparation and avoids fractionation introduced by extraction. The method facilitates studies in environments, where only minimal sample volume is available e.g. in marine sediment pore water, ice cores, or permafrost soil solution. The small volume requirement also supports higher spatial (e.g., in soils) or temporal sample resolution (e.g., in culture experiments). Chromatographic separation adds further chemical information to molecular formulas, enhancing our understanding of marine biogeochemistry, chemodiversity, and ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J. Lechtenfeld
- Department
of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research −
UFZ, Permoserstraße
15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- ProVIS−Centre
for Chemical Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre
for Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Kaesler
- Department
of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research −
UFZ, Permoserstraße
15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elaine K. Jennings
- Department
of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Research Group BioGeoOmics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research −
UFZ, Permoserstraße
15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Boris P. Koch
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut
Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- University
of Applied Sciences, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany
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12
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Yan Z, Xin Y, Zhong X, Yi Y, Li P, Wang Y, Zhou Y, He Y, He C, Shi Q, Xu W, He D. Evolution of dissolved organic nitrogen chemistry during transportation to the marginal sea: Insights from nitrogen isotope and molecular composition analyses. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120942. [PMID: 38043348 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries are hotspots where terrestrially originated dissolved organic matter (DOM) is modified in molecular composition before entering marine environments. However, very few research has considered nitrogen (N) modifications of DOM molecules in estuaries, limiting our understanding of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) cycling and the associated carbon cycling in estuaries. This study integrated optical, stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) and molecular composition (FT-ICR MS) to characterize the transformation of DOM in the Yangtze River Estuary. Both concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and DON decreased with increasing salinity, while their δ13C and δ15N increased with the increasing salinity. A significant positive correlation was found between δ15N and δ13C during the transportation of DOM to marginal seas, indicating that the behavior of both DOC and DON are primarily controlled by the mixing of freshwater and the seawater in the YRE. During the mixing process, the DON addition was observed using the conservative mixing curves. In the view of molecular composition, DOM molecules became more aromatic as the number of N atoms increased. Spearman correlations reveal that DOM molecules with fewer N atoms exhibited a higher enrichment in protein-like components, while those with more N atoms were more enriched in humic-like components. In addition, the δ15N and δ13C tended to increase as the N content of DOM decreased. Therefore, DON molecules with fewer N atoms were likely to be transformed into those with more N atoms based on the isotopic fractionation theory. This study establishes a linkage between the molecular composition and the δ15N of DOM, and discovers the N transformation pattern within DOM molecules during the transportation to marginal seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Yan
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaosong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Research Center for Marine Ecology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanbi Yi
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Penghui Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuhe He
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ding He
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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13
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He C, Yi Y, He D, Cai R, Chen C, Shi Q. Molecular composition of dissolved organic matter across diverse ecosystems: Preliminary implications for biogeochemical cycling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118559. [PMID: 37418915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has been widely applied to characterize the molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in different ecosystems. Most previous studies have explored the molecular composition of DOM focused on one or a few ecosystems, which prevents us from tracing the molecular composition of DOM from different sources and further exploring its biogeochemical cycling across ecosystems. In this study, a total of 67 DOM samples, including soil, lake, river, ocean, and groundwater, were analyzed by negative-ion electrospray ionization FT-ICR MS. Results show that molecular composition of DOM varies dramatically among diverse ecosystems. Specifically, the forest soil DOM exhibited the strongest terrestrial signature of molecules, while the seawater DOM showed the most abundant of biologically recalcitrant components, for example, the carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules were abundant in the deep-sea waters. Terrigenous organic matter is gradually degraded during its transport along the river-estuary-ocean continuum. The saline lake DOM showed similar DOM characteristics with marine DOM, and sequestrated abundant recalcitrant DOM. By comparing these DOM extracts, we found that human activities likely lead to an increase in the content of S and N-containing heteroatoms in DOM, this phenomenon was commonly found in the paddy soil, polluted river, eutrophic lake, and acid mine drainage DOM samples. Overall, this study compared molecular composition of DOM extracted from various ecosystems, providing a preliminary comparison on the DOM fingerprint and an angle of view into biogeochemical cycling across different ecosystems. We thus advocate for the development of a comprehensive molecular fingerprint database of DOM using FT-ICR MS across a wider range of ecosystems. This will enable us to better understand the generalizability of the distinct features among ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yuanbi Yi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ding He
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruanhong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chunmao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
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14
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Zhao C, Hou Y, Wang Y, Li P, He C, Shi Q, Yi Y, He D. Unraveling the photochemical reactivity of dissolved organic matter in the Yangtze river estuary: Integrating incubations with field observations. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120638. [PMID: 37742401 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) sustains a substantial part of the organic matter transported seaward in large estuaries, where photochemical reactions significantly influence its transformation and fate. Irradiation experiments can provide valuable information on the photochemical reactivity (photo-labile, photo-resistant, and photo-product) of molecules. However, previous research paid less attention to exploring the controls of the initial DOM chemistry to irradiation experiments and examining the applicability of their further integration with field research. Here, we conducted irradiation experiments for samples from the freshwater and seawater endmember of the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE), which receives organic matter transport from the largest river in China, the Yangtze River. Molecules that occurred before and after irradiation experiments were characterized by the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Results show that both post-irradiation samples have the lower aromaticity degree and reduced oxidation state, while the freshwater endmember sample exhibits more dramatic changes, indicating the controls of parent molecules to the effect of irradiation experiments. Integrating with the "molecular matching" approach, we compared the molecules occurring in field samples with the classified molecules (photo-resistant, photo-labile, and photo-product) acquired from performed irradiation experiments and correlated the relative intensity of photochemical reactivity types with salinity. When applying results from different experiments to conduct "molecular matching", the photo-resistant and photo-labile relative intensity possess consistently positive and negative trends with increasing salinity, respectively. This suggests their reliability for molecular matching applications, while the inconsistent trends for the photo-product relative intensity with salinity suggest its uncertainty in assessing the photo-induced effects. Moreover, the molecular composition within the photochemical reactivity types in field samples also evolved along the salinity gradient and showed similar trends with the DOM changes after experimental irradiation. Despite various factors influencing estimations, it is revealed that a fraction of aromatic molecules and majority of carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules considered with biologically persistent nature in the YRE freshwater zone are simultaneously not susceptible to photochemical transformation to potentially constitute a long-term marine carbon sink. This study emphasizes the importance and limitations of the combination of field research and laboratory-controlled experiments to provide a better understanding of the crucial role of photochemical reactions in affecting carbon cycling in large estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yifu Hou
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Penghui Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Changping District, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Changping District, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yuanbi Yi
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ding He
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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15
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Sheng M, Chen S, Liu CQ, Fu Q, Zhang D, Hu W, Deng J, Wu L, Li P, Yan Z, Zhu YG, Fu P. Spatial and molecular variations in forest topsoil dissolved organic matter as revealed by FT-ICR mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165099. [PMID: 37379928 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Forest soils cover about 30 % of the Earth's land surface and play a fundamental role in the global cycle of organic matter. Dissolved organic matter (DOM), the largest active pool of terrestrial carbon, is essential for soil development, microbial metabolism and nutrient cycling. However, forest soil DOM is a highly complex mixture of tens of thousands of individual compounds, which is largely composed of organic matter from primary producers, residues from microbial process and the corresponding chemical reactions. Therefore, we need a detailed picture of molecular composition in forest soil, especially the pattern of large-scale spatial distribution, which can help us understand the role of DOM in the carbon cycle. To explore the spatial and molecular variations of DOM in forest soil, we choose six major forest reserves located in different latitudes ranging in China, which were investigated by Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Results show that aromatic-like molecules are preferentially enriched in DOM at high latitude forest soils, while aliphatic/peptide-like, carbohydrate-like, and unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules are preferentially enriched in DOM at low latitude forest soils, besides, lignin-like compounds account for the highest proportion in all forest soil DOM. High latitude forest soils have higher aromatic equivalents and aromatic indices than low latitude forest soils, which suggest that organic matter at higher latitude forest soils preferentially contain plant-derived ingredients and are refractory to degradation while microbially derived carbon is dominant in organic matter at low latitudes. Besides, we found that CHO and CHON compounds make up the majority in all forest soil samples. Finally, we visualized the complexity and diversity of soil organic matter molecules through network analysis. Our study provides a molecular-level understanding of forest soil organic matter at large scales, which may contribute to the conservation and utilization of forest resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sheng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Qinglong Fu
- School of Environment Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Donghuan Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Libin Wu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ping Li
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhifeng Yan
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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16
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Fonvielle JA, Felgate SL, Tanentzap AJ, Hawkes JA. Assessment of sample freezing as a preservation technique for analysing the molecular composition of dissolved organic matter in aquatic systems. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24594-24603. [PMID: 37593662 PMCID: PMC10427896 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01349a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is widely studied in environmental and biogeochemical sciences, but is susceptible to chemical and biological degradation during sample transport and storage. Samples taken in remote regions, aboard ships, or in large numbers need to be preserved for later analysis without changing DOM composition. Here we compare high-resolution mass spectra of solid phase extractable DOM before and after freezing at -20 °C. We found that freezing increases compositional dissimilarity in DOM by between 0 to 18.2% (median = 2.7% across 7 sites) when comparing replicates that were frozen versus unfrozen, i.e., processed immediately after sampling, as compared with differences between unfrozen replicates. The effects of freezing primarily consisted of a poorer detection limit, but were smaller than other sample preparation and analysis steps, such as solid phase extraction and variable ionisation efficiency. Freezing samples for either 21 or 95 days led to similar and only slight changes in DOM composition, albeit with more variation for the latter. Therefore, we conclude that sample freezing on these time scales should not impede scientific study of aquatic DOM and can be used where it makes logistical sense, such as for large spatial surveys or study of archived samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Fonvielle
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3EA UK
| | - Stacey L Felgate
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University Husargatan 3 Uppsala 752 37 Sweden
| | - Andrew J Tanentzap
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3EA UK
- Ecosystems and Global Change Group, School of the Environment, Trent University Peterborough K9L 0G2 Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Hawkes
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University Husargatan 3 Uppsala 752 37 Sweden
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17
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Felgate SL, Craig AJ, Moodie LWK, Hawkes J. Characterization of a Newly Available Coastal Marine Dissolved Organic Matter Reference Material (TRM-0522). Anal Chem 2023; 95:6559-6567. [PMID: 37052954 PMCID: PMC10134136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent methodological advances have greatly increased our ability to characterize aquatic dissolved organic matter (DOM) using high-resolution instrumentation, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (HRMS). Reliable DOM reference materials are required for further method development and data set alignment but do not currently exist for the marine environment. This presents a major limitation for marine biogeochemistry and related fields, including natural product discovery. To fill this resource gap, we have prepared a coastal marine DOM reference material (TRM-0522) from 45 m deep seawater obtained ∼1 km offshore of Sweden's west coast. Over 3000 molecular formulas were assigned by direct infusion HRMS, confirming sample diversity, and the distribution of formulas in van Krevelen space was typical for a marine sample, with the majority of formulas in the region H/C 1-1.5 and O/C 0.3-0.7. The extracted DOM pool was more nitrogen (N)- and sulfur (S)-rich than a typical terrestrial reference material (SRFA). MZmine3 processing of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-HRMS/MS data revealed 494 resolvable features (233 in negative mode; 261 in positive mode) over a wide range of retention times and masses. NMR data indicated low contributions from aromatic protons and, generally speaking, low lignin, humic, and fulvic substances associated with terrestrial samples. Instead, carboxylic-rich aliphatic molecules were the most abundant components, followed by carbohydrates and aliphatic functionalities. This is consistent with a very low specific UV absorbance SUVA254 value of 1.52 L mg C-1 m-1. When combined with comparisons with existing terrestrial reference materials (Suwannee River fulvic acid and Pony Lake fulvic acid), these results suggest that TRM-0522 is a useful and otherwise unavailable reference material for use in marine DOM biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Felgate
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
| | - Alexander J Craig
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
- Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
| | - Lindon W K Moodie
- Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey Hawkes
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
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18
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Zhu X, Wang K, Liu Z, Wang J, Wu E, Yu W, Zhu X, Chu C, Chen B. Probing Molecular-Level Dynamic Interactions of Dissolved Organic Matter with Iron Oxyhydroxide via a Coupled Microfluidic Reactor and an Online High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2981-2991. [PMID: 36749182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and iron (Fe) oxyhydroxide are crucial in regulating the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and elements, including the preservation of carbon in soils. The mechanisms of DOM molecular assembly on mineral surfaces have been extensively studied at the mesoscale with equilibrium experiments, yet the molecular-level evolution of the DOM-mineral interface under dynamic interaction conditions is not fully understood. Here, we designed a microfluidic reactor coupled with an online solid phase extraction (SPE)-LC-QTOF MS system to continually monitor the changes in DOM composition during flowing contact with Fe oxyhydroxide at circumneutral pH, which simulates soil minerals interacting with constant DOM input. Time-series UV-visible absorption spectra and mass spectrometry data showed that after aromatic DOM moieties were first preferentially sequestered by the pristine Fe oxyhydroxide surface, the adsorption of nonaromatic DOM molecules with greater hydrophobicity, lower acidity, and lower molecular weights (<400) from new DOM solutions was favored. This is accompanied by a transition from mineral surface chemistry-dominated adsorption to organic-organic interaction-dominated adsorption. These findings provide direct molecular-level evidence to the zonal model of DOM assembly on mineral surfaces by taking the dynamics of interfacial interactions into consideration. This study also shows that coupled microfluidics and online high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) system is a promising experimental platform for probing microscale environmental carbon dynamics by integrating in situ reactions, sample pretreatment, and automatic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhengzheng Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Monitoring, Forewarning and Quality Control, Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Monitoring, Forewarning and Quality Control, Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, China
| | - Enhui Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wentao Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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19
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Acter T, Lee S, Uddin N, Mow KM, Kim S. Characterization of petroleum‐related natural organic matter by ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thamina Acter
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences East West University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Seulgidaun Lee
- Department of Chemistry Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Faculty of Allied Health Science Daffodil International University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Kamarum Monira Mow
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering East West University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Green‐Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
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20
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Kim DH, Lee YK, Hur J, Yoo HJ, Ko KS, Lee JM, Koh DC, Lee KS, Cho K. Analysis of Natural Organic Matter in Water from Cold and Hot Mineral Springs in South Korea Using 15T FT-ICR-MS. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41859-41871. [PMID: 36440155 PMCID: PMC9685605 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The natural organic matter (NOM) properties in water from cold and hot mineral springs in South Korea are not well documented. We analyzed the characteristics of NOM in water from 25 cold and hot mineral springs located across South Korea. The NOM of each sample was concentrated using solid-phase extraction and analyzed using 15T Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The origin of NOM was identified using van Krevelen diagrams. This study suggests that an analytical method to evaluate the characteristics of water in each region of South Korea can be established and used as a baseline for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duck Hyun Kim
- Center
of Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science
Institute, 162, Yeonggudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28119, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department
of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department
of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Yoo
- Center
of Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science
Institute, 162, Yeonggudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28119, Republic
of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Ko
- Geologic
Environmental Division, Korea Institute
of Geoscience & Mineral Resources, 92 Gwahangno, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 34132, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jae Min Lee
- Geologic
Environmental Division, Korea Institute
of Geoscience & Mineral Resources, 92 Gwahangno, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 34132, Republic
of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Koh
- Geologic
Environmental Division, Korea Institute
of Geoscience & Mineral Resources, 92 Gwahangno, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 34132, Republic
of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Research
Center for Geochronology & Isotope Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162, Yeonggudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28119, Korea
| | - Kun Cho
- Center
of Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science
Institute, 162, Yeonggudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28119, Republic
of Korea
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21
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A novel Zn metal organic framework for the detection of o-nitrophenol, m-nitrophenol, p–nitrophenol. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Wang CF, Li L. Segment Scan Mass Spectral Acquisition for Increasing the Metabolite Detectability in Chemical Isotope Labeling Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Metabolome Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11650-11658. [PMID: 35926115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a segmented spectrum scan method using Orbitrap MS in chemical isotope labeling (CIL) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for improving the metabolite detection efficiency. In this method, the full m/z range is divided into multiple segments with the scanning of each segment to produce multiple narrow-range spectra during the LC data acquisition. These segmented spectra are separately processed to extract the peak pair information with each peak pair arising from a differentially labeled metabolite in the analysis of a mixture of 13C and 12C reagent-labeled samples. The sublists of peak pairs are merged to form the final peak pair list from the LC-MS run. Various experimental conditions, including automatic gain control (AGC) values, mass resolutions, segment m/z widths, number of segments, and total data acquisition time in the LC run, were examined to arrive at an optimal setting in the segment scan for increasing the number of detectable metabolites while maintaining the same analysis time as in the full scan. The optimal method used a segment width of 120 m/z with 60k resolution for a 16 min CIL LC-MS run. Using dansyl-labeled human urine samples as an example, we demonstrated that this method could detect 5867 peak pairs or metabolites (not features), compared to 3765 peak pairs detectable in a full scan, representing a 56% gain. Out of 5867 peak pairs, 5575 (95.0%) could be identified or mass-matched. The relative quantification accuracy was slightly reduced (81% peak pairs were within ±25% of the expected peak ratio of 1.0 in full, compared to 87% in the full scan) due to the inclusion of more low-abundance peak pairs in the segment scan. The peak ratio measurement precision was not significantly affected by the segment scan. We also showed the increase of the peak pair number detectable from 3843 in the full scan to 7273 (89% gain) using the Orbitrap operated at 120k resolution with a 60 m/z segment width when multiple repeat sample injections were used. Thus, segment scan Orbitrap MS is an enabling method for detecting coeluting metabolites in CIL LC-MS for increasing the metabolomic coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Fan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2G2, Canada
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2G2, Canada
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23
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Xia Y, Wang X, Ma C, Wang X, Zhao C, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Lin X, Lu X, Xu G. A data processing pipeline for petroleomics based on liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1673:463194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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López A, Fuentes E, Yusà V, Ibáñez M, Coscollà C. Identification of Unknown Substances in Ambient Air (PM10), Profiles and Differences between Rural, Urban and Industrial Areas. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050220. [PMID: 35622634 PMCID: PMC9145881 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
A fast and automated strategy has been developed for identifying unknown substances in the atmosphere (concretely, in the particulate matter, PM10) using LC-HRMS (MS3). A total of 15 samples were collected in three different areas (rural, urban and industrial). A sampling flow rate of 30 m3 h−1 was applied for 24 h, sampling a total volume of around 720 m3. A total of 49 compounds were tentatively identified using very restrictive criteria regarding exact mass, retention time, isotopic profile and both MS2 and MS3 spectra. Pesticides, pharmaceutical active compounds, drugs, plasticizers and metabolites were the most identified compounds. To verify whether the developed methodology was suitable, 11 substances were checked with their analytical standards and all of them were confirmed. Different profiles for industrial, rural and urban areas were examined. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) model allowed us to separate the obtained data of the three assessed area. When the profiles obtained in the three evaluated areas were compared using a Volcano plot (the rural area was taken as reference), 11 compounds were confirmed as being discriminant: three of them (3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine, 3-methyladenine and nicotine) were more likely to be found in industrial sites; ten compounds (3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine, 3-methyladenine, azoxystrobin, cocaine, cotinine, ethoprophos, imidacloprid, metalaxyl-M, nicotine and pyrimethanil) were more probable in the case of urban sites; finally, triisopropanolamine was more likely to be detected in rural locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio López
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.); (E.F.); (V.Y.)
| | - Esther Fuentes
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.); (E.F.); (V.Y.)
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, S/N, Avenida Sos Baynat, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain;
| | - Vicent Yusà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.); (E.F.); (V.Y.)
- Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain
- Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, Edifici Jeroni Muñoz, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - María Ibáñez
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, S/N, Avenida Sos Baynat, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain;
| | - Clara Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.); (E.F.); (V.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-192-6333
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25
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Jennings E, Kremser A, Han L, Reemtsma T, Lechtenfeld OJ. Discovery of Polar Ozonation Byproducts via Direct Injection of Effluent Organic Matter with Online LC-FT-ICR-MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1894-1904. [PMID: 35007417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Effluent organic matter (EfOM), a major ozone consumer during wastewater ozonation, is a complex mixture of natural and anthropogenic organic molecules. Ozonation of EfOM adds to molecular complexity by introducing polar and potentially mobile ozonation byproducts (OBPs). Currently, nontargeted direct infusion (DI) ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (e.g. FT-ICR-MS) is used to study OBPs but requires sample extraction, limiting the accessible polarity range of OBPs. To better understand the impact of ozonation on EfOM and the formation of polar OBPs, nonextracted effluent was analyzed by direct injection onto a reversed-phase liquid chromatography system (RP-LC) online hyphenated with an FT-ICR-MS. Over four times more OBPs were detected in nonextracted EfOM compared to effluent extracted with solid phase extraction and measured with DI-FT-ICR-MS (13817 vs 3075). Over 1500 highly oxygenated OBPs were detected exclusively in early eluting fractions of nonextracted EfOM, indicating polar OBPs. Oxygenation of these newly discovered OBPs is higher than previously found, with an average molecular DBE-O value of -3.3 and O/C ratio of 0.84 in the earliest eluting OBP fractions. These polar OBPs are consistently lost during extraction but may play an important role in understanding the environmental impact of ozonated EfOM. Moreover, 316 molecular formulas classified as nonreactive to ozone in DI-FT-ICR-MS can be identified with LC-FT-ICR-MS as isomers with varying degrees of reactivity, providing for the first time experimental evidence of differential reactivity of complex organic matter isomers with ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Jennings
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arina Kremser
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Limei Han
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver J Lechtenfeld
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- ProVIS-Centre for Chemical Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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26
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Li J, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Gao E, Wu S. A new visual and stable fluorescent Cu-MOF as a dual-function sensor for glyphosate and Cr 2O 72−. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03186h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new visual and stable Cu-MOF as a dual-function sensor with high sensitivity for the detection of glyphosate and Cr2O72−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Li
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning, Province and Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, 11th Street, Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, P. R. China
| | - Mingchang Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning, Province and Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, 11th Street, Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning, Province and Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, 11th Street, Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, P. R. China
| | - Enjun Gao
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning, Province and Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, 11th Street, Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, Liaoning 114051, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning, Province and Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, 11th Street, Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, P. R. China
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27
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Li Y, Tian X, Zhang J, Qiu L, Wang X, Wu S, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Gao E. High‐efficiency fluorescent probe constructed by Cd(II) complex for detecting nitro compounds and antibiotics. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule‐Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Xu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule‐Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Jia Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule‐Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Liping Qiu
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule‐Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Xia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule‐Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Shuangyan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule‐Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule‐Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Mingchang Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of the Inorganic Molecule‐Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province and Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Enjun Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan Liaoning China
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