1
|
Gómez Hoyos C, Botero LD, Flórez-Caro A, Velásquez-Cock JA, Zuluaga R. Nanocellulose from Cocoa Shell in Pickering Emulsions of Cocoa Butter in Water: Effect of Isolation and Concentration on Its Stability and Rheological Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4157. [PMID: 37896401 PMCID: PMC10610805 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in developing new strategies to completely or partially replace cocoa butter in food and cosmetic products due to its cost and health effects. One of these alternatives is to develop stable emulsions of cocoa butter in water. However, incorporating cocoa butter is challenging as it solidifies and forms crystals, destabilizing the emulsion through arrested coalescence. Prevention against this destabilization mechanism is significantly lower than against coalescence. In this research, the rheological properties of nanocellulose from cocoa shell, a by-product of the chocolate industry, were controlled through isolation treatments to produce nanocellulose with a higher degree of polymerization (DP) and a stronger three-dimensional network. This nanocellulose was used at concentrations of 0.7 and 1.0 wt %, to develop cocoa butter in-water Pickering emulsion using a high shear mixing technique. The emulsions remained stable for more than 15 days. Nanocellulose was characterized using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), hot water and organic extractives, atomic force microscopy (AFM), degree of polymerization (DP), and rheological analysis. Subsequently, the emulsions were characterized on days 1 and 15 after their preparation through photographs to assess their physical stability. Fluorescent and electronic microscopy, as well as rheological analysis, were used to understand the physical properties of emulsions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Gómez Hoyos
- Programa de Ingeniería en Nanotecnología, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 N_ 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (L.D.B.); (A.F.-C.); (J.A.V.-C.)
| | - Luis David Botero
- Programa de Ingeniería en Nanotecnología, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 N_ 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (L.D.B.); (A.F.-C.); (J.A.V.-C.)
| | - Andrea Flórez-Caro
- Programa de Ingeniería en Nanotecnología, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 N_ 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (L.D.B.); (A.F.-C.); (J.A.V.-C.)
| | - Jorge Andrés Velásquez-Cock
- Programa de Ingeniería en Nanotecnología, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 N_ 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (L.D.B.); (A.F.-C.); (J.A.V.-C.)
| | - Robin Zuluaga
- Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1 N_ 70-01, Medellín 050031, Colombia;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Size distributions of cellulose nanocrystals in dispersions using the centrifugal sedimentation method. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123520. [PMID: 36739045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is a remarkable biomaterial. It is a plastic alternative with significance from the viewpoint of carbon offset and neutrality. To efficiently develop nanocellulose-based functional materials, it is imperative to evaluate their dispersion states. In this study, the sedimentation equivalent diameter distributions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are analyzed by centrifugal sedimentation. The diameter distribution is well correlated with that estimated from the widths and the lengths of the CNCs obtained by transmission electron microscopy. Hence, centrifugal sedimentation has the potential to assess the dispersion states of nanocellulose on the nanometer scale and should contribute to basic research and applications.
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen C, Xi P, Zhang S, Zhang L, Sun Y, Yao J, Fang K, Jiang Y. Nanocellulose with unique character converted directly from plants without intensive mechanical disintegration. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 293:119730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
4
|
Li MC, Wu Q, Moon RJ, Hubbe MA, Bortner MJ. Rheological Aspects of Cellulose Nanomaterials: Governing Factors and Emerging Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006052. [PMID: 33870553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), mainly including nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), have attained enormous interest due to their sustainability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, nanoscale dimensions, large surface area, facile modification of surface chemistry, as well as unique optical, mechanical, and rheological performance. One of the most fascinating properties of CNMs is their aqueous suspension rheology, i.e., CNMs helping create viscous suspensions with the formation of percolation networks and chemical interactions (e.g., van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction/repulsion, and hydrophobic attraction). Under continuous shearing, CNMs in an aqueous suspension can align along the flow direction, producing shear-thinning behavior. At rest, CNM suspensions regain some of their initial structure immediately, allowing rapid recovery of rheological properties. These unique flow features enable CNMs to serve as rheological modifiers in a wide range of fluid-based applications. Herein, the dependence of the rheology of CNM suspensions on test protocols, CNM inherent properties, suspension environments, and postprocessing is systematically described. A critical overview of the recent progress on fluid applications of CNMs as rheology modifiers in some emerging industrial sectors is presented as well. Future perspectives in the field are outlined to guide further research and development in using CNMs as the next generation rheological modifiers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Li
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Robert J Moon
- Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Martin A Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8005, USA
| | - Michael J Bortner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang X, Jungstedt E, Reid MS, Berglund LA. Polymer Films from Cellulose Nanofibrils—Effects from Interfibrillar Interphase on Mechanical Behavior. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China
- Institute of Zhejiang University—Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, P.R. China
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Erik Jungstedt
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Michael S. Reid
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Palasingh C, Ström A, Amer H, Nypelö T. Oxidized xylan additive for nanocellulose films - A swelling modifier. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:753-759. [PMID: 33727189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric wood hemicelluloses are depicted to join cellulose, starch and chitosan as key polysaccharides for sustainable materials engineering. However, the approaches to incorporate hemicelluloses in emerging bio-based products are challenged by lack of specific benefit, other than the biomass-origin, although their utilization would contribute to sustainable material use since they currently are a side stream that is not valorized. Here we demonstrate wood-xylans as swelling modifiers for neutral and charged nanocellulose films that have already entered the sustainable packaging applications, however, suffer from humidity sensitivity. The oxidative modification is used to modulate the water-solubility of xylan and hence enable adsorption in an aqueous environment. A high molecular weight grade, hence less water-soluble, adsorbed preferentially on the neutral surface while the adsorbed amount on a negatively charged surface was independent of the molecular weight, and hence, solubility. The adsorption of the oxidized xylans on a neutral cellulose surface resulted in an increase in the amount of water in the film while on the negatively charged cellulose the total amount of water decreased. The finding of synergy of two hygroscopic materials to decrease swelling in hydrophilic bio-polymer films demonstrates the oxidized macromolecule xylan as structurally functional component in emerging cellulose products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chonnipa Palasingh
- Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Ström
- Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hassan Amer
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria; Department of Natural and Microbial Products Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 AlBohous St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tiina Nypelö
- Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li C, Kasuga T, Uetani K, Koga H, Nogi M. High-Speed Fabrication of Clear Transparent Cellulose Nanopaper by Applying Humidity-Controlled Multi-Stage Drying Method. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2194. [PMID: 33158012 PMCID: PMC7693990 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
As a renewable nanomaterial, transparent nanopaper is one of the promising materials for electronic devices. Although conventional evaporation drying method endows nanopaper with superior optical properties, the long fabrication time limits its widely use. In this work, we propose a multi-stage drying method to achieve high-speed fabrication of clear transparent nanopaper. Drying experiments reveal that nanopaper's drying process can be separated into two periods. For the conventional single-stage evaporation drying, the drying condition is kept the same. In our newly proposed multi-stage drying, the relative humidity (RH), which is the key parameter for both drying time and haze, is set differently during these two periods. Applying this method in a humidity-controllable environmental chamber, the drying time can be shortened by 35% (from 11.7 h to 7.6 h) while maintaining the same haze level as that from single-stage drying. For a conventional humidity-uncontrollable oven, a special air flow system is added. The air flow system enables decrease of RH by removing water vapor at the water/air interface during the earlier period, thus fabricating clear transparent nanopaper in a relatively short time. Therefore, this humidity-controlled multi-stage drying method will help reduce the manufacturing time and encourage the widespread use of future nanopaper-based flexible electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Masaya Nogi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; (C.L.); (T.K.); (K.U.); (H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hopa DY, Fatehi P. Using Sulfobutylated and Sulfomethylated Lignin as Dispersant for Kaolin Suspension. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092046. [PMID: 32911748 PMCID: PMC7570282 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kraft lignin is an abundant natural resource, but it is underutilized. In this study, sulfoalkylated lignin derivatives with similar charge densities but with different alkyl chain length were produced via sulfobutylation and sulfomethylation reactions. The contact angle studies revealed that sulfobutylated lignin (SBL) with longer alkyl chains had a higher hydrophobicity than sulfomethylated lignin (SML) did. The adsorption behavior of sulfoalkylated lignins was studied using a Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) on Al2O3 coated surface as representative of positively charged sites of kaolin particles. The results of adsorption studies showed that SBL deposited more greatly than SML did on the Al2O3 surface, and it generated a thicker but less viscoelastic adlayer on the surface. The adlayer thickness and configuration of molecules on the surface were also related to the zeta potential and stabilization performance of the polymers in the kaolin suspension system. The results also confirmed that both lignin derivatives were very effective in dispersing kaolin particles at neutral pH, and their effectiveness was hampered under alkaline or acidic pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Yesim Hopa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-807-343-8697; Fax: +1-807-346-7943
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arcari M, Axelrod R, Adamcik J, Handschin S, Sánchez-Ferrer A, Mezzenga R, Nyström G. Structure-property relationships of cellulose nanofibril hydro- and aerogels and their building blocks. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11638-11646. [PMID: 32436548 PMCID: PMC8230580 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01362e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
As abundant and renewable materials with excellent mechanical and functional properties, cellulose nanomaterials are utilized in advanced structural, optical and electronic applications. However, in order to further improve and develop new cellulose nanomaterials, a better understanding of the interplay between the self-assembled materials and their building blocks is crucial. This paper describes the structure-property relationships between cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and their resulting self-assembled structures in the form of hydrogels and aerogels. Rheological experiments revealed that the transition from viscous to elastic state with the corresponding evolution of the properties of the CNF dispersion depends on the aspect ratio and can be described in terms of the dynamic overlap concentration. The elastic shear modulus was dependent on the aspect ratio at very low CNF concentrations, reaching a plateau, where only the concentration of CNFs was relevant. This transition point in shear modulus was exploited to determine the mesh size of the fibril network, which was found to be in excellent agreement with predictions from scaling arguments. These findings highlight the possibility to tune the self-assembled materials response directly from the bottom-up by the CNF particle structure and thus, suggest new assembly routes starting directly from the CNF design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Arcari
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Robert Axelrod
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Jozef Adamcik
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Stephan Handschin
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Antoni Sánchez-Ferrer
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. and ETH Zurich, Department of Materials, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gustav Nyström
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. and EMPA, Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang X, Reid MS, Olsén P, Berglund LA. Eco-Friendly Cellulose Nanofibrils Designed by Nature: Effects from Preserving Native State. ACS NANO 2020; 14:724-735. [PMID: 31886646 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) show high modulus and strength and are already used in industrial applications. Mechanical properties of neat CNF films or CNF-polymer matrix nanocomposites are usually much better than for polymer matrix composite films reinforced by clay, graphene, graphene oxide, or carbon nanotubes. In order to obtain small CNF diameter and colloidal stability, chemical modification has so far been necessary, but this increases cost and reduces eco-friendly attributes. In this study, an unmodified holocellulose CNF (Holo-CNF) with small diameter is obtained from mildly peracetic acid delignified wood fibers. CNF is readily defibrillated by low-energy kitchen blender processing. The hemicellulose coating on individual fibrils in the wood plant cell wall is largely preserved in Holo-CNF. This "native" CNF shows well-preserved native fibril structure in terms of length (∼2.1 μm), diameter (<5 nm), high crystallinity, high cellulose molar mass, electronegative charge, and limited mechanical processing damage. The hemicellulose coating contributes mechanical properties and high optical transmittance for CNF nanopaper, which can otherwise only be achieved with chemically modified CNFs. The CNF nanopaper shows superior mechanical properties with a Young's modulus of 21 GPa and an ultimate strength of 320 MPa. Moreover, hemicellulose imparts recyclability from the dried state. Altogether, this native CNF represents a class of colloidally stable, eco-friendly, low-cost CNF of small diameter for large-scale applications of nanopaper and nanomaterials.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ultralight Industrial Bamboo Residue-Derived Holocellulose Thermal Insulation Aerogels with Hydrophobic and Fire Resistant Properties. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13020477. [PMID: 31963857 PMCID: PMC7013456 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate- (APP) and methyl trimethoxysilane (MTMS)-modified industrial bamboo residue (IBR)-derived holocellulose nanofibrils (HCNF/APP/MTMS) were used as the raw materials to prepare aerogels in a freeze-drying process. Synthetically modified aerogels were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal stability measurements. As-prepared HCNF/APP/MTMS aerogels showed themselves to be soft and flexible. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the foam-like structure translates into a 3D network structure from HCNF aerogels to HCNF/APP/MTMS aerogels. The compressive modules of the HCNF/APP/MTMS aerogels were decreased from 38 kPa to 8.9 kPa with a density in the range of 12.04-28.54 kg/m3, which was due to the structural change caused by the addition of APP and MTMS. Compared with HCNF aerogels, HCNF/APP/MTMS aerogels showed a high hydrophobicity, in which the water contact angle was 130°, and great flame retardant properties. The peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) decreased from 466.6 to 219.1 kW/m2 and 0.18 to 0.04 m2, respectively, meanwhile, the fire growth rate (FIGRA) decreased to 8.76 kW/s·m2. The thermal conductivity of the HCNF/APP/MTMS aerogels was 0.039 W/m·K. All results indicated the prepared aerogels should be expected to show great potential for thermally insulative materials.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kontturi E, Spirk S. Ultrathin Films of Cellulose: A Materials Perspective. Front Chem 2019; 7:488. [PMID: 31380342 PMCID: PMC6652239 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A literature review on ultrathin films of cellulose is presented. The review focuses on different deposition methods of the films-all the way from simple monocomponent films to more elaborate multicomponent structures-and the use of the film structures in the vast realm of materials science. The common approach of utilizing cellulose thin films as experimental models is therefore omitted. The reader will find that modern usage of cellulose thin films constitutes an exciting emerging area within materials science and it goes far beyond the traditional usage of the films as model systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute of Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yamasaki S, Sakuma W, Yasui H, Daicho K, Saito T, Fujisawa S, Isogai A, Kanamori K. Nanocellulose Xerogels With High Porosities and Large Specific Surface Areas. Front Chem 2019; 7:316. [PMID: 31134187 PMCID: PMC6514048 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Xerogels are defined as porous structures that are obtained by evaporative drying of wet gels. One challenge is producing xerogels with high porosity and large specific surface areas, which are structurally comparable to supercritical-dried aerogels. Herein, we report on cellulose xerogels with a truly aerogel-like porous structure. These xerogels have a monolithic form with porosities and specific surface areas in the ranges of 71-76% and 340-411 m2/g, respectively. Our strategy is based on combining three concepts: (1) the use of a very fine type of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with a width of ~3 nm as the skeletal component of the xerogel; (2) increasing the stiffness of wet CNF gels by reinforcing the inter-CNF interactions to sustain their dry shrinkage; and (3) solvent-exchange of wet gels with low-polarity solvents, such as hexane and pentane, to reduce the capillary force on drying. The synergistic effects of combining these approaches lead to improvements in the porous structure in the CNF xerogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yamasaki
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Sakuma
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yasui
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuho Daicho
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Fujisawa
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Isogai
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kanamori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ghavidel N, Fatehi P. Synergistic effect of lignin incorporation into polystyrene for producing sustainable superadsorbent. RSC Adv 2019; 9:17639-17652. [PMID: 35520539 PMCID: PMC9064571 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02526j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin has gained intensive interest as an excellent raw material for the generation of advanced green products. Polystyrene (PS) is known for its worldwide application in water purification processes. To induce a sustainable PS, kraft lignin (KL) and polystyrene were polymerized via free radical polymerization in a facile aqueous emulsion process. KL enhanced surface area and porosity of PS. The physicochemical properties of induced KL–PS were analyzed, and the fate of lignin in KL–PS was discussed fundamentally. Wettability and surface energy analyses were implemented to monitor the surface properties of KL, PS and KL–PS. Incorporation of KL in PS (40 wt%) boosted its surface energy and oxygen content, which led to KL–PS with better compatibility than PS with copper ions in aqueous systems. A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) confirmed the noticeably higher adsorption performance of copper ion on KL–PS than on PS and KL. The sorption mechanism, which was revealed by FTIR studies, was primarily attributed to the coordination of Cu(ii) and hydroxyl group of KL–PS as well as the quadrupolar system of KL–PS. Lignin has gained intensive interest as an excellent raw material for the generation of advanced green products.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ghavidel
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department
- Lakehead University
- Thunder Bay
- Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department
- Lakehead University
- Thunder Bay
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Arola S, Ansari M, Oksanen A, Retulainen E, Hatzikiriakos SG, Brumer H. The sol-gel transition of ultra-low solid content TEMPO-cellulose nanofibril/mixed-linkage β-glucan bionanocomposite gels. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:9393-9401. [PMID: 30420978 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01878b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the preparation, morphological analysis, and rheological characterization of ultra-low solid content gels prepared by physically cross-linking TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TEMPO-CNF) with the soluble plant-cell-wall polysaccharide, mixed-linkage β-glucan (MLG). Of particular note, gel formation was rapidly induced by very small amounts of MLG (e.g. 0.125% w/v) at extremely low TEMPO-CNF concentration (0.05% w/v), which independently were otherwise fluid and thus easily handled. Rheology of these bionanocomposite gel systems as a function of MLG and TEMPO-CNF concentrations revealed that the critical gel concentration of MLG and TEMPO-CNF followed a power-law relation of the concentration of the other component. Surprisingly, these systems also exhibited an additional transition to thick gels at high TEMPO-CNF and MLG concentrations that was visible only at low frequencies. Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) imaging of admixture solutions and gels revealed increased network crowding with increasing MLG amounts. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that non-covalent cellulose-MLG interactions, analogous to those occurring within plant cell walls, drive gel formation. The ability to tune gel physical properties simply by controlling CNF (a promising forest bioproduct) and MLG (a readily available agricultural polysaccharide) fractions at very low solid and polymer content opens new possibilities for material applications in diverse industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Arola
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tenhunen TM, Pöhler T, Kokko A, Orelma H, Gane P, Schenker M, Tammelin T. Enhancing the Stability of Aqueous Dispersions and Foams Comprising Cellulose Nanofibrils (CNF) with CaCO₃ Particles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E651. [PMID: 30142915 PMCID: PMC6165215 DOI: 10.3390/nano8090651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, stability of dispersions and foams containing CaCO₃-based pigments and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) was evaluated with the aim to reveal the mechanisms contributing to the overall stability of the selected systems. The utmost interest lies in the recently developed hydrocolloid hybrid CaCO₃ pigments and their potential to form bionanocomposite structures when incorporated with CNF. These pigments possess a polyelectrolyte layer deposited on the surface of the particle which is expected to enhance the compatibility between inorganic and organic components. Stability assessment of both dispersions and foams was conducted using turbidity profile scanning. In dispersions, CNF provides stability due to its ability to form a firm percolation network. If surface-modified pigments are introduced, the favourable surface interactions between the pigments and CNF positively influence the stability behaviour and even large macro-size pigments do not interfere with the stability of either dispersions or foams. In foams, the stability can be enhanced due to the synergistic actions brought by CNF and particles with suitable size, shape and wetting characteristics resulting in a condition where the stability mechanism is defined by the formation of a continuous plateau border incorporating a CNF network which is able to trap the inorganic particles uniformly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiia-Maria Tenhunen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland.
| | - Tiina Pöhler
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland.
| | - Annaleena Kokko
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland.
| | - Hannes Orelma
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland.
| | - Patrick Gane
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Helsinki, Finland.
- Omya International AG, Baslerstrase 42, CH-4665 Otringen, Switzerland.
| | - Michel Schenker
- Omya International AG, Baslerstrase 42, CH-4665 Otringen, Switzerland.
- FiberLean Technologies, Par Moor Centre, Par Moor Road, Par, Cornwall PL24 2SQ, UK.
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kontturi E, Laaksonen P, Linder MB, Gröschel AH, Rojas OJ, Ikkala O. Advanced Materials through Assembly of Nanocelluloses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1703779. [PMID: 29504161 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is an emerging quest for lightweight materials with excellent mechanical properties and economic production, while still being sustainable and functionalizable. They could form the basis of the future bioeconomy for energy and material efficiency. Cellulose has long been recognized as an abundant polymer. Modified celluloses were, in fact, among the first polymers used in technical applications; however, they were later replaced by petroleum-based synthetic polymers. Currently, there is a resurgence of interest to utilize renewable resources, where cellulose is foreseen to make again a major impact, this time in the development of advanced materials. This is because of its availability and properties, as well as economic and sustainable production. Among cellulose-based structures, cellulose nanofibrils and nanocrystals display nanoscale lateral dimensions and lengths ranging from nanometers to micrometers. Their excellent mechanical properties are, in part, due to their crystalline assembly via hydrogen bonds. Owing to their abundant surface hydroxyl groups, they can be easily modified with nanoparticles, (bio)polymers, inorganics, or nanocarbons to form functional fibers, films, bulk matter, and porous aerogels and foams. Here, some of the recent progress in the development of advanced materials within this rapidly growing field is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Päivi Laaksonen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - André H Gröschel
- Physical Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, DE-45127, Essen, Germany
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang X, Berthold F, Berglund LA. Preserving Cellulose Structure: Delignified Wood Fibers for Paper Structures of High Strength and Transparency. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3020-3029. [PMID: 29757614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To expand the use of renewable materials, paper products with superior mechanical and optical properties are needed. Although beating, bleaching, and additives are known to improve industrially produced Kraft pulp papers, properties are limited by the quality of the fibers. While the use of nanocellulose has been shown to significantly increase paper properties, the current cost associated with their production has limited their industrial relevance. Here, using a simple mild peracetic acid (PAA) delignification process on spruce, we produce hemicellulose-rich holocellulose fibers (28.8 wt %) with high intrinsic strength (1200 MPa for fibers with microfibrillar angle smaller than 10°). We show that PAA treatment causes less cellulose/hemicellulose degradation and better preserves cellulose nanostructure in comparison to conventional Kraft pulping. High-density holocellulose papers with superior mechanical properties (Young's modulus of 18 GPa and ultimate strength of 195 MPa) are manufactured using a water-based hot-pressing process, without the use of beating or additives. We propose that the preserved hemicelluloses act as "glue" in the interfiber region, improving both mechanical and optical properties of papers. Holocellulose fibers may be affordable and applicable candidates for making special paper/composites where high mechanical performance and/or optical transmittance are of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Fredrik Berthold
- RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Mäster Samuelsgatan 60 , SE-11121 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Lars A Berglund
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Utility of Blended Polymeric Formulations Containing Cellulose Nanofibrils for Encapsulation and Controlled Release of Sweet Orange Essential Oil. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-018-2082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
20
|
Kasuga T, Isobe N, Yagyu H, Koga H, Nogi M. Clearly Transparent Nanopaper from Highly Concentrated Cellulose Nanofiber Dispersion Using Dilution and Sonication. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E104. [PMID: 29439544 PMCID: PMC5853735 DOI: 10.3390/nano8020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanopaper prepared from holocellulose pulp is one of the best substrates for flexible electronics because of its high thermal resistance and high clear transparency. However, the clearness of nanopaper decreases with increasing concentration of the starting cellulose nanofiber dispersion-with the use of a 2.2 wt % dispersion, for example-resulting in translucent nanopaper with a high haze of 44%. To overcome this problem, we show that the dilution of this high-concentration dispersion with water followed by sonication for 10 s reduces the haze to less than 10% while maintaining the high thermal resistance of the nanopaper. Furthermore, the combination of water dilution and a short sonication treatment improves the clearness of the nanopaper, which would translate into cost savings for the transportation and storage of this highly concentrated cellulose nanofiber dispersion. Finally, we demonstrate the improvement of the electrical conductivity of clear transparent nanopaper prepared from an initially high-concentration dispersion by dropping and heating silver nanowire ink on the nanopaper. These achievements will pave the way toward the realization of the mass production of nanofiber-based flexible devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Kasuga
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Isobe
- Research and Development Center for Marine Biosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan.
| | - Hitomi Yagyu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Koga
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Masaya Nogi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mao J, Abushammala H, Hettegger H, Rosenau T, Laborie MP. Imidazole, a New Tunable Reagent for Producing Nanocellulose, Part I: Xylan-Coated CNCs and CNFs. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9100473. [PMID: 30965776 PMCID: PMC6418970 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazole is reported to be an effective reactant for the production of nanocellulose from hardwood pulp. The morphologies and surface properties of the nanocellulose can be simply tailored according to the water content in the imidazole system: with pure imidazole, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) in a yield of 10 wt % can be produced. With 25 wt % of water in imidazole, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are obtained in 20 wt % yield. Both nanocelluloses exhibit crystallinity indices in the order of 70%. Interestingly, they retain the original xylan from the pulp with ca. 9⁻10 wt % of residual xylan content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Mao
- Chair of Forest Biomaterials, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Werthmannstr 6, 79085 Freiburg, Germany.
- FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Hatem Abushammala
- Chair of Forest Biomaterials, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Werthmannstr 6, 79085 Freiburg, Germany.
- FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Hubert Hettegger
- Division of Chemistry of Renewables Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Division of Chemistry of Renewables Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Marie-Pierre Laborie
- Chair of Forest Biomaterials, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Werthmannstr 6, 79085 Freiburg, Germany.
- FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yokoi M, Tanaka R, Saito T, Isogai A. Dynamic Viscoelastic Functions of Liquid-Crystalline Chitin Nanofibril Dispersions. Biomacromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morihiko Yokoi
- Department
of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Reina Tanaka
- Department
of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Department
of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department
of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akira Isogai
- Department
of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
He J, Liu S, Li L, Piao G. Lyotropic liquid crystal behavior of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 164:364-369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
24
|
Courtenay JC, Johns MA, Galembeck F, Deneke C, Lanzoni EM, Costa CA, Scott JL, Sharma RI. Surface modified cellulose scaffolds for tissue engineering. CELLULOSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 24:253-267. [PMID: 32355428 PMCID: PMC7175690 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-016-1111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the ability of cellulose to support cells without the use of matrix ligands on the surface of the material, thus creating a two-component system for tissue engineering of cells and materials. Sheets of bacterial cellulose, grown from a culture medium containing Acetobacter organism were chemically modified with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride or by oxidation with sodium hypochlorite in the presence of sodium bromide and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpipiridine 1-oxyl radical to introduce a positive, or negative, charge, respectively. This modification process did not degrade the mechanical properties of the bulk material, but grafting of a positively charged moiety to the cellulose surface (cationic cellulose) increased cell attachment by 70% compared to unmodified cellulose, while negatively charged, oxidised cellulose films (anionic cellulose), showed low levels of cell attachment comparable to those seen for unmodified cellulose. Only a minimal level of cationic surface derivitisation (ca 3% degree of substitution) was required for increased cell attachment and no mediating proteins were required. Cell adhesion studies exhibited the same trends as the attachment studies, while the mean cell area and aspect ratio was highest on the cationic surfaces. Overall, we demonstrated the utility of positively charged bacterial cellulose in tissue engineering in the absence of proteins for cell attachment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James C. Courtenay
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Marcus A. Johns
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Fernando Galembeck
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory, Centre for National Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Christoph Deneke
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory, Centre for National Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Evandro M. Lanzoni
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory, Centre for National Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Costa
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory, Centre for National Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Janet L. Scott
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| | - Ram I. Sharma
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nechyporchuk O, Belgacem MN, Pignon F. Current Progress in Rheology of Cellulose Nanofibril Suspensions. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2311-20. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Nechyporchuk
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohamed Naceur Belgacem
- Laboratory
of Pulp and Paper Science and Graphic Arts (LGP2), Centre national
de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Agefpi, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Pignon
- Laboratoire
Rhéologie et Procédés (LRP), Centre national
de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|