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Takeda Y. Modulating the Photophysical Properties of Twisted Donor-Acceptor-Donor π-Conjugated Molecules: Effect of Heteroatoms, Molecular Conformation, and Molecular Topology. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:2219-2232. [PMID: 39046948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusModulating the photophysical properties of organic emitters through molecular design is a fundamental endeavor in materials science. A critical aspect of this process is the control of the excited-state energy, which is essential for the development of triplet exciton-harvesting organic emitters, such as those with thermally activated delayed fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence. These emitters are pivotal for developing highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes and bioimaging probes. A particularly promising class of these emitters consists of twisted donor-acceptor organic π-conjugated scaffolds. These structures facilitate a spatial separation of the frontier molecular orbitals, which is crucial for achieving a narrow singlet-triplet energy gap. This narrow gap is necessary to overcome the endothermic reverse intersystem crossing process, enhancing the efficiency of thermally activated delayed fluorescence. To precisely modulate the photophysical properties of these emitting materials, it is essential to understand the electronic structures of new donor-acceptor scaffolds, especially those influenced by heteroatoms, as well as their conformations and topologies. This understanding not only improves the efficiency of these emitters but also expands their potential applications in advance technologies.In 2014, the Takeda group made a significant breakthrough by discovering a novel method for synthesizing U-shaped diazaacenes (dibenzo[a,j]phenazine) through an oxidative skeletal rearrangement of 1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-diamines. This class of compounds is typically challenging to synthesize using conventional organic reactions. The resulting unique geometric and electronic structure of U-shaped diazaacenes opened new possibilities for photophysical applications. Leveraging the U-shaped structure, photoluminescent properties, and high electron affinity, we developed twisted donor-acceptor-donor compounds. These compounds exhibit efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence, stimuli-responsive luminochromism, heavy atom-free room-temperature phosphorescence, and anion-responsive red shifts. These innovative emitters have demonstrated significant potential in various practical applications, including organic light-emitting diode devices and advanced sensing systems.In this Account, I summarize our achievements in modulating the photofunctions of dibenzo[a,j]phenazine-cored twisted donor-acceptor-donor compounds by controlling excited-state singlet-triplet energy gaps through conformational regulation. Our comprehensive studies revealed the significant impact of heteroatoms, molecular conformations, and topologies on the photophysics of these compounds. These findings highlight the importance of molecular engineering in tailoring the photophysical properties of organic donor-acceptor π-conjugated materials for specific applications. Our research has demonstrated that incorporating heteroatoms into the molecular framework effectively tunes the electronic properties and, consequently, the photophysical behavior of the compounds. Understanding the influence of heteroatoms, conformational dynamics, and molecular topology on excited-state behavior will open new avenues for next-generation optoelectronic devices and biological technologies. These advancements include ultra-low-power displays, photonic communication, and super-resolution biomedical imaging. Ultimately, our work highlights the potential of strategic molecular design in driving innovation across various fields, paving the way for the development of cutting-edge technologies that leverage the unique properties of organic emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Takeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Gicevičius M, James AM, Reicht L, McIntosh N, Greco A, Fijahi L, Devaux F, Mas-Torrent M, Cornil J, Geerts YH, Zojer E, Resel R, Sirringhaus H. Impact of hydrophilic side chains on the thin film transistor performance of a benzothieno-benzothiophene derivative. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 5:6285-6294. [PMID: 39081471 PMCID: PMC11284759 DOI: 10.1039/d4ma00594e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Side-chain engineering in molecular semiconductors provides a versatile toolbox for precisely manipulating the material's processability, crystallographic properties, as well as electronic and optoelectronic characteristics. This study explores the impact of integrating hydrophilic side chains, specifically oligoethylene glycol (OEG) units, into the molecular structure of the small molecule semiconductor, 2,7-bis(2(2-methoxy ethoxy)ethoxy) benzo[b]benzo[4,5] thieno[2,3-d] thiophene (OEG-BTBT). The investigation includes a comprehensive analysis of thin film morphology and crystallographic properties, along with the optimization of deposition parameters for improving the device performance. Despite the anticipated benefits, such as enhanced processability, our investigation into OEG-BTBT-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) reveals suboptimal performance marked by a low effective charge carrier mobility, a low on/off ratio, and a high threshold voltage. The study unveils bias stress effects and device degradation attributed to the high ionization energy of OEG-BTBT alongside the hydrophilic nature of the ethylene-glycol moieties, which lead to charge trapping at the dielectric interface. Our findings underscore the need for a meticulous balance between electronic properties and chemical functionalities in molecular semiconductors to achieve stable and efficient performance in organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas Gicevičius
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Ann Maria James
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 16 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Lukas Reicht
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 16 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Nemo McIntosh
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons 7000 Mons Belgium
| | | | - Lamiaa Fijahi
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Félix Devaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) CP 206/1, Boulevard du Triomphe 1050 Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Yves Henri Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) CP 206/1, Boulevard du Triomphe 1050 Bruxelles Belgium
- International Solvay Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles 1050 Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 16 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 16 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
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Xie Q, Qiao C, Fang J, Xia D, Ding F, Wang Q, Xu G, Shan S, Liao X, Chen Y. Optimizing Active Layer Morphology of Organic Solar Cells by Constructing Random Copolymers with Simple Third Units. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400458. [PMID: 39072838 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The molecular structure of the polymer PM6 is elaborately modified through random copolymerization by incorporating simple units of either difluoro-substituted thiophene (2FT) or dicyano-substituted thiophene (2CNT). The incorporation of the 2FT unit significantly enhanced the coplanarity of the random copolymers, leading to improved molecular crystallinity, whereas the introduction of the 2CNT unit featured the opposite effect. Thanks to the optimized morphology resembling a fiber-like interpenetrating network structure, the organic solar cells based on PM6-10%2FT:IT4F showed higher and more balanced charge mobilities, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.65%, which is comparable to that of PM6-based devices. For comparison, the 2CN-series random copolymers-based devices exhibited lower PCEs of ˂12%. Interestingly, a superior PCE close to 19.0% is achieved in PM6:L8-BO:PM6-20%2CN based ternary device due to the significant improvement in open-circuit voltage. This work demonstrates that the crystallinity of donor polymers can be enhanced by introducing simple structural units to strengthen the coplanarity of the backbone, thereby achieving an optimized morphology that promotes favorable charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xie
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Chunyu Qiao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Dongdong Xia
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Siyu Shan
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xunfan Liao
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
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Zhao K, Liu Q, Yao L, Değer C, Shen J, Zhang X, Shi P, Tian Y, Luo Y, Xu J, Zhou J, Jin D, Wang S, Fan W, Zhang S, Chu S, Wang X, Tian L, Liu R, Zhang L, Yavuz I, Wang HF, Yang D, Wang R, Xue J. peri-Fused polyaromatic molecular contacts for perovskite solar cells. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07712-6. [PMID: 39048825 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Molecule-based selective contacts have become a crucial component to ensure high-efficiency inverted perovskite solar cells1-5. These molecules always consist of a conjugated core with heteroatom substitution to render the desirable carrier-transport capability6-9. So far, the design of successful conjugation cores has been limited to two N-substituted π-conjugated structures, carbazole and triphenylamine, with molecular optimization evolving around their derivatives2,5,10-12. However, further improvement of the device longevity has been hampered by the concomitant limitations of the molecular stability induced by such heteroatom-substituted structures13,14. A more robust molecular contact without sacrificing the electronic properties is in urgent demand, but remains a challenge. Here we report a peri-fused polyaromatic core structure without heteroatom substitution that yields superior carrier transport and selectivity over conventional heteroatom-substituted core structures. This core structure produced a relatively chemically inert and structurally rigid molecular contact, which considerably improved the performance of perovskite solar cells in terms of both efficiency and durability. The champion device showed an efficiency up to 26.1% with greatly improved longevity under different accelerated-ageing tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Libing Yao
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caner Değer
- Department of Physics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jiahui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengju Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiazhe Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donger Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaochen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Chu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liuwen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruzhang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ilhan Yavuz
- Department of Physics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hong-Fei Wang
- School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
- Division of Solar Energy Conversion and Catalysis at Westlake University, Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, China.
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Low-Carbon Biosynthesis, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jingjing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, China.
- Shangyu Institute of Semiconductor Materials, Shaoxing, China.
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5
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Li R, Ma B, Li M, Wang D, Liu P, An P. Multi-heteroatom doped nanographenes: enhancing photosensitization capacity by forming an electron donor-acceptor architecture. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11408-11417. [PMID: 39055003 PMCID: PMC11268484 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02416h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Systematically tuning and optimizing the properties of synthetic nanographenes (NGs) is particularly important for NG applications in diverse areas. Herein, by devising novel electron donor-acceptor (D-A) type structures, we reported a series of multi-heteroatom-doped NGs possessing an electron-rich chalcogen and electron-deficient pyrimidine or pyrimidinium rings. Comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigations revealed significantly different physical, optical, and energetic properties compared to the non-doped HBC or chalcogen-doped, non-D-A analogues. Some intriguing properties of the new NGs such as unique electrostatically oriented molecular stacking, red-shifted optical spectra, solvatochromism, and enhanced triplet excitons were observed due to the formation of the D-A electron pattern. More importantly, these D-A type structures can serve as photosensitizers to generate efficiently reactive-oxygen species (ROS), and the structure-related photosensitization capacity that strengthens the electron transfer (ET) process leads to significantly enhanced ROS which was revealed by experimental and calculated studies. As a result, the cell-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) indicated that the cationic NG 1-Me+ is a robust photosensitizer with excellent water-solubility and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Peng An
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
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Zhu M, Gu T, Liang X, Pandey SK, Gros CP, Xu HJ, Sharma GD. Small molecular donor materials based on β- β-bridged BODIPY dimers with a triphenylamine or carbazole unit for efficient organic solar cells. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11981-11994. [PMID: 38963010 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01163e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we have designed and synthesized two novel BODIPY dimer-based small molecules, denoted as ZMH-1 and ZMH-2, covalently linked and functionalized with triphenylamine (TPA) (ZMH-1) and carbazole (CZ) (ZMH-2) units as the electron donor at the 3- and 5-positions of the BODIPY core, respectively. Their optical and electrochemical properties were investigated. We have fabricated all small molecule bulk heterojunction organic solar cells using these BODIPY-based small molecules as electron donors along with fullerene derivative (PC71BM) and medium bandgap non-fullerene acceptor IDT-TC as electron acceptors. The optimized OSCs based on ZMH-1:PC71BM, ZMH-2:PC71BM, ZMH-1:IDT-IC, and ZMH-2:IDT-IC attain overall PCEs of 8.91%, 6.61%, 11.28%, and 5.48%, respectively. Moreover, when a small amount of PC71BM as guest acceptor is added to the binary host ZMH-1:IDT-TC and ZMH-2:IDT-TC, the ternary OSCs based on ZMH-1 and ZMH-2 reach PCEs of 13.70% and 12.71%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Tingting Gu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xu Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sarvesh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462003, India
| | - Claude P Gros
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB, UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne, 9, Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Hai-Jun Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics and Electronics Communication, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302031, India.
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Han J, Xu H, Paleti SHK, Sharma A, Baran D. Understanding photochemical degradation mechanisms in photoactive layer materials for organic solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:7426-7454. [PMID: 38869459 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00132j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decades, the field of organic solar cells (OSCs) has witnessed a significant evolution in materials chemistry, which has resulted in a remarkable enhancement of device performance, achieving efficiencies of over 19%. The photoactive layer materials in OSCs play a crucial role in light absorption, charge generation, transport and stability. To facilitate the scale-up of OSCs, it is imperative to address the photostability of these electron acceptor and donor materials, as their photochemical degradation process remains a challenge during the photo-to-electric conversion. In this review, we present an overview of the development of electron acceptor and donor materials, emphasizing the crucial aspects of their chemical stability behavior that are linked to the photostability of OSCs. Throughout each section, we highlight the photochemical degradation pathways for electron acceptor and donor materials, and their link to device degradation. We also discuss the existing interdisciplinary challenges and obstacles that impede the development of photostable materials. Finally, we offer insights into strategies aimed at enhancing photochemical stability and discuss future directions for developing photostable photo-active layers, facilitating the commercialization of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Han
- Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Han Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sri Harish Kumar Paleti
- Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anirudh Sharma
- Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Derya Baran
- Materials Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Shao Y, Gao Y, Sun R, Yang X, Zhang M, Liu S, Min J. A High-Performance Organic Photovoltaic System with Versatile Solution Processability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2406329. [PMID: 39003623 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Recently developed organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials have simultaneously closed the gaps in efficiency, stability, and cost for single-junction devices. Nonetheless, the developed OPV materials still pose big challenges in meeting the requirements for practical applications, especially regarding the prevalent issues of solution processability. Herein, a highly efficient polymer donor, named DP3, incorporating an electron-rich benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene unit as well as two similar and simple acceptor units is presented. Its primary objective is to enhance the interchain and/or intrachain interactions and ultimately fine-tune bulk-heterojunction microstructure. The DP3:L8-BO system demonstrates the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.12%. This system also exhibits high-performance devices with over 18% efficiencies for five batches with various molecular weights (23.6-80.8 KDa), six different blend thicknesses (95-308 nm), differenced coating speeds (3.0-29.1 m min-1), with promising PCEs of 18.65% and 15.53% for toluene-processed small-area (0.029 cm2) cells and large-area (15.40 cm2) modules, thereby demonstrating versatile solution processability of the designed DP3:L8-BO system that is a strong candidate for commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Shao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xinrong Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Meimei Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Mitsui M, Miyoshi Y, Arima D. Tailoring sensitization properties and improving near-infrared photon upconversion performance through alloying in superatomic molecular Au 25 nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38973468 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01948b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Noble-metal nanoclusters (NCs) protected by organic ligands have recently come to the forefront as potent triplet sensitizers for photon upconversion (UC) via triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA), owing to their capacity for atomic-level photophysical property customization. Among these, the rod-shaped bi-icosahedral [Au25(PPh3)10(S-C2H4Ph)5Cl2]2+ (Au-rod) NC is a particularly iconic superatomic molecular NC, recently identified as a near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing sensitizer for TTA-UC. In this study, we synthesized Cu-doped NCs, [Au25-xCux(PPh3)10(S-C2H4Ph)5Cl2]2+ (AuCu-rod), and paired them with 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA) annihilator/emitter to explore the impact of Cu-doping on the triplet sensitization and NIR-UC performance. The triplet state of AuCu-rod, with lifetime of 3 μs, exhibited a modest blue shift compared to the Au-rod, resulting in the increment in the driving force for triplet energy transfer (TET) to the BPEA acceptor. The TET rate constant was determined to be 5.0 × 107 M-1 s-1, which is an order of magnitude higher than the rate constant for the Au-rod/BPEA pair. This improvement has led to a remarkable increase in the TET efficiency. Notably, the AuCu-rod/BPEA pair facilitated the efficient UC of 805 nm NIR light into 510 nm visible light, realizing a large anti-Stokes shift close to 0.9 eV. The UC internal quantum yield of this combination was determined to be 2.33 ± 0.05%, marking a fivefold enhancement over the Au-rod sensitizer (0.49%). Thus, alloying NC sensitizers offers a promising route to enhance UC performance by tuning the triplet state energy and optimizing the compatibility between the sensitizer and annihilator. Additionally, in this series of experiments, the formation of small amounts of BPEA microaggregates was observed. These aggregates did not undergo singlet fission and could retain multiple long-lived triplet excitons. This characteristic facilitated TTA among triplet excitons, resulting in efficient NIR-to-visible UC emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuki Miyoshi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
| | - Daichi Arima
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
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10
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Qi F, Li Y, Lin FR, Jen AKY. Recent Progress of Oligomeric Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301559. [PMID: 38372481 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 19 % in the past few years due to the rapid development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). However, the operational stability remains a great challenge that inhibits their commercialization. Recently, oligomeric NFAs (ONFAs) have attracted great attention, which not only can deliver excellent device performance, but also improve the thermal-/photo- stability of OSCs. This is attributed to the suppressed molecular diffusion of ONFAs associated with their high glass-transition temperature (Tg) and improved thermodynamic properties of ONFAs. Herein, we focus on investigating the correction between the ONFA chemical structure, material properties, device performance, and stability. In addition, we also try to point out the challenges in synthesizing ONFAs and provide potential directions for future ONFA designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yanxun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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11
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Wang C, Wu B, Li Y, Zhou S, Wu C, Dong T, Jiang Y, Hua Z, Song Y, Wen W, Tian J, Chai Y, Wen R, Wang C. Aggregation promotes charge separation in fullerene-indacenodithiophene dyad. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5681. [PMID: 38971813 PMCID: PMC11227505 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Fast photoinduced charge separation (CS) and long-lived charge-separated state (CSS) in small-molecules facilitate light-energy conversion, while simultaneous attainment of both remains challenging. Here we accomplish this through aggregation based on fullerene-indacenodithiophene dyads. Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that, compared to solution, the CS time in aggregates is accelerated from 41.5 ps to 0.4 ps, and the CSS lifetime is prolonged from 311.4 ps to 40 μs, indicating that aggregation concomitantly promotes fast CS and long-lived CSS. Fast CS arises from the hot charge-transfer states dissociation, opening up additional resonant channels to free carriers (FCs); subsequently, charge recombination into intramolecular triplet CSS becomes favorable mediated by spin-uncorrelated FCs. Different from fullerene/indacenodithiophene blends, the unique CS mechanism in dyad aggregates reduces the long-lived CSS dependence on molecular order, resulting in a CSS lifetime 200 times longer than blends. This endows the dyad aggregates to exhibit both photoelectronic switch properties and superior photocatalytic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yang Li
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Shen Zhou
- College of Science, Hunan Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Technology of Quantum Information, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410003, China
| | - Conghui Wu
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Tianyang Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zihui Hua
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yupeng Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wei Wen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianxin Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongqiang Chai
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Rui Wen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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12
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Shen Q, He C, Li S, Qiao J, Li S, Zhang Y, Shi M, Zuo L, Hao X, Chen H. Loosely Bounded Exciton with Enhanced Delocalization Capability Boosting Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403570. [PMID: 38966891 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
In organic solar cells (OSCs), electron acceptors have undergone multiple updates, from the initial fullerene derivatives, to the later acceptor-donor-acceptor type non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), and now to Y-series NFAs, based on which efficiencies have reached over 19%. However, the key property responsible for further improved efficiency from molecular structure design is remained unclear. Herein, the material properties are comprehensively scanned by selecting PC71BM, IT-4F, and L8-BO as the representatives for different development stages of acceptors. For comparison, asymmetric acceptor of BTP-H5 with desired loosely bounded excitons is designed and synthesized. It's identified that the reduction of intrinsically exciton binding energy (Eb) and the enhancement of exciton delocalization capability act as the key roles in boosting the performance. Notably, 100 meV reduction in Eb has been observed from PC71BM to BTP-H5, correspondingly, electron-hole pair distance of BTP-H5 is almost two times over PC71BM. As a result, efficiency is improved from 40% of S-Q limit for PC71BM-based OSC to 60% for BTP-H5-based one, which achieves an efficiency of 19.07%, among the highest values for binary OSCs. This work reveals the confirmed function of exciton delocalization capability quantitatively in pushing the efficiency of OSCs, thus providing an enlightenment for future molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chengliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shuixing Li
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shilin Li
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, P. R. China
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13
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Qiu D, Xiong S, Lai H, Wang Y, Li H, Lai X, Zhu Y, He F. Trifluoromethylation Enables Compact 2D Linear Stacking and Improves the Efficiency and Stability of Q-PHJ Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403821. [PMID: 38949043 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Compared to the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices, the quasiplanar heterojunction (Q-PHJ) exhibits a more stable morphology and superior charge transfer performance. To achieve both high efficiency and long-term stability, it is necessary to design new materials for Q-PHJ devices. In this study, QxIC-CF3 and QxIC-CH3 are designed and synthesized for the first time. The trifluoromethylation of the central core exerts a modulatory effect on the molecular stacking pattern, leveraging the strong electrostatic potential and intermolecular interactions. Compared with QxIC-CH3, the single crystal structure reveals that QxIC-CF3 exhibits a more compact 2D linear stacking behavior. These benefits, combined with the separated electron and hole transport channels in Q-PHJ device, lead to increased charge mobility and reduced energy loss. The devices based on D18/QxIC-CF3 exhibit an efficiency of 18.1%, which is the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) for Q-PHJ to date. Additionally, the thermodynamic stability of the active layer morphology enhances the lifespan of the aforementioned devices under illumination conditions. Specifically, the T80 is 420 h, which is nearly twice that of the renowned Y6-based BHJ device (T80 = 220 h). By combining the advantages of the trifluoromethylation and Q-PHJ device, efficient and stable organic solar cell devices can be constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Qiu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shilong Xiong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hanjian Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Heng Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xue Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yiwu Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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14
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Wei Y, Zhou X, Cai Y, Li Y, Wang S, Fu Z, Sun R, Yu N, Li C, Huang K, Bi Z, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Hao X, Min J, Tang Z, Ma W, Sun Y, Huang H. High Performance As-Cast Organic Solar Cells Enabled by a Refined Double-Fibril Network Morphology and Improved Dielectric Constant of Active Layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403294. [PMID: 38657281 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
High performance organic solar cells (OSCs) are usually realized by using post-treatment and/or additive, which can induce the formation of metastable morphology, leading to unfavorable device stability. In terms of the industrial production, the development of high efficiency as-cast OSCs is crucially important, but it remains a great challenge to obtain appropriate active layer morphology and high power conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, efficient as-cast OSCs are constructed via introducing a new polymer acceptor PY-TPT with a high dielectric constant into the D18:L8-BO blend to form a double-fibril network morphology. Besides, the incorporation of PY-TPT enables an enhanced dielectric constant and lower exciton binding energy of active layer. Therefore, efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport are realized in D18:L8-BO:PY-TPT-based device, affording a record-high PCE of 18.60% and excellent photostability in absence of post-treatment. Moreover, green solvent-processed devices, thick-film (300 nm) devices, and module (16.60 cm2) are fabricated, which show PCEs of 17.45%, 17.54%, and 13.84%, respectively. This work brings new insight into the construction of efficient as-cast devices, pushing forward the practical application of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wei
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xianmin Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Cai
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Siying Wang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Fu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Na Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Congqi Li
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kexin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Material, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Material, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Material, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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15
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He Z, Li S, Zeng R, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Hao Z, Zhang S, Liu F, Tang Z, Zhong H. Binary Organic Solar Cells with Exceeding 19% Efficiency via the Synergy of Polyfluoride Polymer and Fluorous Solvent. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2404824. [PMID: 38733312 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Rational molecular design and suitable device engineering are two important strategies to boost the efficiencies in organic solar cells (OSCs). Yet these two approaches are independently developed, while their synergy is believed to be more productive. Herein, a branched polyfluoride moiety, heptafluoroisopropoxyl group, is introduced into the side chains of conjugated polymers for the first time. Compared with the conventional alkyl chain, this polyfluoride chain can endow the resulting polymer namely PF7 with highly packing order and strong crystallinity owing to the strong polarization and fluorine-induced interactions, while good solubility and moderate miscibility are retained. As a result, PF7 comprehensively outperforms the state-of-the-art polymer PM6 in photovoltaic properties. More importantly, based on the solubility of heptafluoroisopropoxyl groups in fluorous solvents, a new post-treatment denoted as fluorous solvent vapor annealing (FSVA) is proposed to match PF7. Differing from the existing post-treatments, FSVA can selectively reorganize fluoropolymer molecules but less impact small molecules in blend films. By employing the synergy of fluoropolymer and fluorous solvent, the device achieves a remarkable efficiency of 19.09%, which is among the best efficiencies in binary OSCs. The polymer PF7 and the FSVA treatment exhibit excellent universality in various OSCs with different material combinations or device architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhe Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hongliang Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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16
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Zbiri M, Guilbert AAY. Dynamics of Polyalkylfluorene Conjugated Polymers: Insights from Neutron Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:6197-6206. [PMID: 38885432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The dynamics of the conjugated polymers poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PF8) and poly(9,9-didodecylfluorene) (PF12), differing by the length of their side chains, is investigated in the amorphous phase using the temperature-dependent quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) technique. The neutron spectroscopy measurements are synergistically underpinned by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The probe is focused on the picosecond time scale, where the structural dynamics of both PF8 and PF12 would mainly be dominated by the motions of their side chains. The measurements highlighted temperature-induced dynamics, reflected in the broadening of the QENS spectra upon heating. The MD simulations reproduced well the observations; hence, the neutron measurements validate the MD force fields, the adopted amorphous model structures, and the numerical procedure. As the QENS spectra are dominated by the signal from the hydrogens on the backbones and side chains of PF8 and PF12, extensive analysis of the MD simulations allowed the following: (i) tagging these hydrogens, (ii) estimating their contributions to the self-part of the van Hove functions and hence to the QENS spectra, and (iii) determining the activation energies of the different motions involving the tagged hydrogens. PF12 is found to exhibit QENS spectra broader than those of PF8, indicating a more pronounced motion of the didodecyl chains of PF12 as compared to dioctyl chains of PF8. This is in agreement with the outcome of our MD analysis: (i) confirming a lower glass transition temperature of PF12 compared to PF8, (ii) showing PF12 having a lower density than PF8, and (iii) highlighting lower activation energies of the motions of PF12 in comparison with PF8. This study helped to gain insights into the temperature-induced side-chain dynamics of the PF8 and PF12 conjugated polymers, influencing their stability, which could potentially impact, on the practical side, the performance of the associated optoelectronic active layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zbiri
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble Cedex 9 38042, France
| | - Anne A Y Guilbert
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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17
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Peng Z, Lin Y, Deng S, Liu Z, Xia Y, Ou YP, Zhang J, Hua Liu S. Molecular engineering of thiophene- and pyrrole-fused core arylamine systems: Tuning redox properties, NIR spectral responsiveness and bacterial imaging applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 321:124704. [PMID: 38936208 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The thiophene- and pyrrole-fused heterocyclic compounds have garnered significant interest for their distinctive electron-rich characteristics and notable optoelectronic properties. However, the construction of high-performance systems within this class is of great challenge. Herein, we develop a series of novel dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d] pyrrole (DTP) and tetrathieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d] pyrrole (TTP) bridged arylamine compounds (DTP-C4, DTP-C12, DTP-C4-Fc, TTP-C4-OMe, TTP-C4, and TTP-C12) with varying carbon chain lengths. The pertinent experimental results reveal that this series of compounds undergo completely reversible multistep redox processes. Notably, TTP-bridged compounds TTP-C4 and TTP-C12 exhibit impressive multistep near-infrared (NIR) absorption alterations with notable color changes and electroluminescent behaviors, which are mainly attributed to the charge transfer transitions from terminal arylamine units to central bridges, as supported by theoretical calculations. Additionally, compound DTP-C4 demonstrates the ability to visually identify gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, this work suggests the promising electroresponsive nature of compounds TTP-C4 and TTP-C12, positioning them as excellent materials for various applications. It also provides a facile approach to constructing high-performance multifunctional luminescent materials, particularly those with strong and long-wavelength NIR absorption capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yiling Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuangling Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenji Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, China
| | - Yonglin Xia
- Hengyang Normal University Nanyue College, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ya-Ping Ou
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, China; Hengyang Normal University Nanyue College, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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18
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Nugraha MI, Ling Z, Aniés F, Ardhi REA, Gedda M, Naphade D, Tsetseris L, Heeney M, Anthopoulos TD. Over 19% Efficient Inverted Organic Photovoltaics Featuring a Molecularly Doped Metal Oxide Electron-Transporting Layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2310933. [PMID: 38949017 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Molecular doping is commonly utilized to tune the charge transport properties of organic semiconductors. However, applying this technique to electrically dope inorganic materials like metal oxide semiconductors is challenging due to the limited availability of molecules with suitable energy levels and processing characteristics. Herein, n-type doping of zinc oxide (ZnO) films is demonstrated using 1,3-dimethylimidazolium-2-carboxylate (CO2-DMI), a thermally activated organic n-type dopant. Adding CO2-DMI into the ZnO precursor solution and processing it atop a predeposited indium oxide (InOx) layer yield InOx/n-ZnO heterojunctions with increased electron field-effect mobility of 32.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 compared to 18.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 for the pristine InOx/ZnO bilayer. The improved electron transport originates from the ZnO's enhanced crystallinity, reduced hydroxyl concentrations, and fewer oxygen vacancy groups upon doping. Applying the optimally doped InOx/n-ZnO heterojunctions as the electron-transporting layers (ETLs) in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) yields cells with improved power conversion efficiency of 19.06%, up from 18.3% for devices with pristine ZnO, and 18.2% for devices featuring the undoped InOx/ZnO ETL. It is shown that the all-around improved OPV performance originates from synergistic effects associated with CO2-DMI doping of the thermally grown ZnO, highlighting its potential as an electronic dopant for ZnO and potentially other metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Insan Nugraha
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Centre (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Zhaoheng Ling
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Centre (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Filip Aniés
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Centre (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryanda Enggar Anugrah Ardhi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Centre (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murali Gedda
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Centre (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dipti Naphade
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Centre (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonidas Tsetseris
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou Campus, Athens, GR-15780, Greece
| | - Martin Heeney
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Centre (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Centre (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Henry Royce Institute and Photon Science Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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19
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Liu H, Geng Y, Xiao Z, Ding L, Du J, Tang A, Zhou E. The Development of Quinoxaline-Based Electron Acceptors for High Performance Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404660. [PMID: 38890789 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
In the recent advances of organic solar cells (OSCs), quinoxaline (Qx)-based nonfullerene acceptors (QxNFAs) have attracted lots of attention and enabled the recorded power conversion efficiency approaching 20%. As an excellent electron-withdrawing unit, Qx possesses advantages of many modifiable sites, wide absorption range, low reorganization energy, and so on. To develop promising QxNFAs to further enhance the photovoltaic performance of OSCs, it is necessary to systematically summarize the QxNFAs reported so far. In this review, all the focused QxNFAs are classified into five categories as following: SM-Qx, YQx, fused-YQx, giant-YQx, and polymer-Qx according to the molecular skeletons. The molecular design concepts, relationships between the molecular structure and optoelectronic properties, intrinsic mechanisms of device performance are discussed in detail. At the end, the advantages of this kind of materials are summed up, the molecular develop direction is prospected, the challenges faced by QxNFAs are given, and constructive solutions to the existing problems are advised. Overall, this review presents unique viewpoints to conquer the challenge of QxNFAs and thus boost OSCs development further toward commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Liu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yanfang Geng
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zuo Xiao
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liming Ding
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jimin Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan Province, 455002, China
| | - Ailing Tang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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20
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Xie Q, Deng X, Zhao C, Fang J, Xia D, Zhang Y, Ding F, Wang J, Li M, Zhang Z, Xiao C, Liao X, Jiang L, Huang B, Dai R, Li W. Ethylenedioxythiophene-Based Small Molecular Donor with Multiple Conformation Locks for Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency of 19.3 . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403015. [PMID: 38623043 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Ternary organic solar cells (T-OSCs) represent an efficient strategy for enhancing the performance of OSCs. Presently, the majority of high-performance T-OSCs incorporates well-established Y-acceptors or donor polymers as the third component. In this study, a novel class of conjugated small molecules has been introduced as the third component, demonstrating exceptional photovoltaic performance in T-OSCs. This innovative molecule comprises ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) bridge and 3-ethylrhodanine as the end group, with the EDOT unit facilitating the creation of multiple conformation locks. Consequently, the EDOT-based molecule exhibits two-dimensional charge transport, distinguishing it from the thiophene-bridged small molecule, which displays fewer conformation locks and provides one-dimensional charge transport. Furthermore, the robust electron-donating nature of EDOT imparts the small molecule with cascade energy levels relative to the electron donor and acceptor. As a result, OSCs incorporating the EDOT-based small molecule as the third component demonstrate enhanced mobilities, yielding a remarkable efficiency of 19.3 %, surpassing the efficiency of 18.7 % observed for OSCs incorporating thiophene-based small molecule as the third component. The investigations in this study underscore the excellence of EDOT as a building block for constructing conjugated materials with multiple conformation locks and high charge carrier mobilities, thereby contributing to elevated photovoltaic performance in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xie
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Xiangmeng Deng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Chaowei Zhao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Jie Fang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Xia
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Feng Ding
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xunfan Liao
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Runying Dai
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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21
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Feng J, Liu Y, Yang H, Hu K, Jiang X, Cui N, Wu Y, Cui C. Conjugated backbone optimization of an all-fused-ring acceptor for efficient and stable organic solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6206-6209. [PMID: 38807554 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Three all-fused-ring acceptors with different conjugated backbone are designed as acceptor materials for organic solar cells. It is found that the horizontally extended conjugation of all-fused-ring acceptors leads to better photovoltaic performance compared to the vertically extended analogue. The results provide a guideline for designing high-performance and stable all-fused-ring acceptor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Hang Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Kewei Hu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Naizhe Cui
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yue Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Chaohua Cui
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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22
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Ahmed R, Manna AK. Tailoring Light-Harvesting in Zn-Porphyrin and Carbon Fullerene based Donor-Acceptor Complex through Ethynyl-Extended Donor π-Conjugation. Chemphyschem 2024:e202400434. [PMID: 38847266 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic efficiency though currently limited for practical applications, can be improved by means of various molecular-level modifications. Herein the role of extended donor π ${\pi }$ -conjugation through ethynyl-bridged meso-phenyl/pyridyl on the photoinduced charge-transfer kinetics is studied in noncovalently bound Zn-Porphyrin and carbon-fullerene based donor-acceptor complex using time-dependent optimally tuned range-separated hybrid combined with the kinetic rate theory in polar solvent. Noncovalent dispersive interaction is identified to primarily govern the complex stability. Ethynyl-extended π ${\pi }$ -conjugation results in red-shifted donor-localized Q-band with substantially increased dipole oscillator strength and smaller exciton binding energy, suggesting greater light-harvesting efficiency. However, the low-lying charge-transfer state below to the Q-band is relatively less affected by the ethynyl-extended π ${\pi }$ -conjugation, yielding reduced driving forces for the charge-transfer. Detailed kinetics analysis reveals similar order of charge-transfer rate constants (~1012 s-1) for all donor-acceptor composites studied. Importantly, enhanced light-absorption, smaller exciton binding energy and similar charge-transfer rates together with reduced charge-recombination make these complexes suitable for efficient photoinduced charge-separation. These findings will be helpful to molecularly design the advanced organic donor-acceptor blends for energy efficient photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raka Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, A.P-517619, India
| | - Arun K Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, A.P-517619, India
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23
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McAnally S, Jin H, Chu R, Mallo N, Wang X, Burn PL, Gentle IR, Shaw PE. Dilute Donor Organic Solar Cells Based on Non-fullerene Acceptors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:28958-28968. [PMID: 38787283 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The advent of small molecule non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) materials for organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices has led to a series of breakthroughs in performance and device lifetime. The most efficient OPV devices have a combination of electron donor and acceptor materials that constitute the light absorbing layer in a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure. For many BHJ-based devices reported to date, the weight ratio of donor to acceptor is near equal. However, the morphology of such films can be difficult to reproduce and manufacture at scale. There would be an advantage in developing a light harvesting layer for efficient OPV devices that contains only a small amount of either the donor or acceptor. In this work we explore low donor content OPV devices composed of the polymeric donor PM6 blended with high performance NFA materials, Y6 or ITIC-4F. We found that even when the donor:acceptor weight ratio was only 1:10, the OPV devices still have good photoconversion efficiencies of around 6% and 5% for Y6 and ITIC-4F, respectively. It was found that neither charge mobility nor recombination rates had a strong effect on the efficiency of the devices. Rather, the overall efficiency was strongly related to the film absorption coefficient and maintaining adequate interfacial surface area between donor and acceptor molecules/phases for efficient exciton dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun McAnally
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hui Jin
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ronan Chu
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Neil Mallo
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xiao Wang
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ian R Gentle
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul E Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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24
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Yuan Y, Flynn S, Li X, Liu H, Wang J, Li Y. Wide Bandgap Polymer Donors Based on Succinimide-Substituted Thiophene for Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400275. [PMID: 38830087 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The advent of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) has greatly improved the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, to compete with other solar cell technologies, there is a pressing need for accelerated research and development of improved NFAs as well as their compatible wide bandgap polymer donors. In this study, a novel electron-withdrawing building block, succinimide-substituted thiophene (TS), is utilized for the first time to synthesize three wide bandgap polymer donors: PBDT-TS-C5, PBDT-TSBT-C12, and PBDTF-TSBT-C16. These polymers exhibit complementary bandgaps for efficient sunlight harvesting and suitable frontier energy levels for exciton dissociation when paired with the extensively studied NFA, Y6. Among these donors, PBDTF-TSBT-C16 demonstrates the highest hole mobility and a relatively low highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, attributed to the incorporation of thiophene spacers and electron-withdrawing fluorine substituents. OSC devices based on the blend of PBDTF-TSBT-C16:Y6 achieve the highest power conversion efficiency of 13.21%, with a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 26.83 mA cm-2, an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.80 V, and a fill factor of 0.62. Notably, the Voc × Jsc product reaches 21.46 mW cm-2, demonstrating the potential of TS as an electron acceptor building block for the development of high-performance wide bandgap polymer donors in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Scott Flynn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Jinshui District, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Jinshui District, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Jinshui District, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Yuning Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
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25
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Xu R, Jiang Y, Liu F, Ran G, Liu K, Zhang W, Zhu X. High Open-Circuit Voltage Organic Solar Cells with 19.2% Efficiency Enabled by Synergistic Side-Chain Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312101. [PMID: 38544433 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Restricted by the energy-gap law, state-of-the-art organic solar cells (OSCs) exhibit relatively low open-circuit voltage (VOC) because of large nonradiative energy losses (ΔEnonrad). Moreover, the trade-off between VOC and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of OSCs is more distinctive; the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of OSCs are still <15% with VOCs of >1.0 V. Herein, the electronic properties and aggregation behaviors of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are carefully considered and then a new NFA (Z19) is delicately designed by simultaneously introducing alkoxy and phenyl-substituted alkyl chains to the conjugated backbone. Z19 exhibits a hypochromatic-shifted absorption spectrum, high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level and ordered 2D packing mode. The D18:Z19-based blend film exhibits favorable phase separation with face-on dominated molecular orientation, facilitating charge transport properties. Consequently, D18:Z19 binary devices afford an exciting PCE of 19.2% with a high VOC of 1.002 V, surpassing Y6-2O-based devices. The former is the highest PCE reported to date for OSCs with VOCs of >1.0 V. Moreover, the ΔEnonrad of Z19- (0.200 eV) and Y6-2O-based (0.155 eV) devices are lower than that of Y6-based (0.239 eV) devices. Indications are that the design of such NFA, considering the energy-gap law, could promote a new breakthrough in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Kerui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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26
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Yang S, Chen Z, Zhu J, Yang D, Wang H, Ding P, Wu J, Yan P, Xie L, Chen F, Wang Y, Zhang J, Ge Z. Guest Acceptors with Lower Electrostatic Potential in Ternary Organic Solar Cells for Minimizing Voltage Losses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401789. [PMID: 38577904 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The ternary strategy, in which one guest component is introduced into one host binary system, is considered to be one of the most effective ways to realize high-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs). To date, there is no efficient method to predict the effectiveness of guest components in ternary OSCs. Herein, three guest compositions (i.e., ANF-1, ANF-2 and ANF-3) with different electrostatic potential (ESP) are designed and synthesized by modulating the electron-withdrawing ability of the terminal groups through density functional theory simulations. The effects of the introduction of guest component into the host system (D18:N3) on the photovoltaic properties are investigated. The theoretical and experimental studies provide a key rule for guest acceptor in ternary OSCs to improve the open-circuit voltage, that is, the larger ESP difference between the guest and host acceptor, the stronger the intermolecular interactions and the higher the miscibility, which improves the luminescent efficiency of the blend film and the electroluminescence quantum yield (EQEEL) of the device by reducing the aggregation-caused-quenching, thereby effectively decreasing the non-radiative voltage loss of ternary OSCs. This work will greatly contribute to the development of highly efficient guest components, thereby promoting the rapid breakthrough of the 20% efficiency bottleneck for single-junction OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuncheng Yang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Daobin Yang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongqian Wang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Ding
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Pengyu Yan
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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27
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Riera-Galindo S, Sanz-Lleó M, Gutiérrez-Fernández E, Ramos N, Mas-Torrent M, Martín J, López-Mir L, Campoy-Quiles M. High Polymer Molecular Weight Yields Solar Cells with Simultaneously Improved Performance and Thermal Stability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311735. [PMID: 38279561 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Simple synthetic routes, high active layer thickness tolerance as well as stable organic solar cells are relentlessly pursued as key enabling traits for the upscaling of organic photovoltaics. Here, the potential to address these issues by tuning donor polymer molecular weight is investigated. Specifically, the focus is on PTQ10, a polymer with low synthetic complexity, with number average molecular weights of 2.4, 6.2, 16.8, 52.9, and 54.4 kDa, in combination with three different non-fullerene acceptors, namely Y6, Y12, and IDIC. Molecular weight, indeed, unlocks a threefold increase in power conversion efficiency for these blends. Importantly, efficiencies above 10% for blade coated devices with thicknesses between 200 and 350 nm for blends incorporating high molecular weight donor are shown. Spectroscopic, GIWAXS and charge carrier mobility data suggest that the strong photocurrent improvement with molecular weight is related to both, improved electronic transport and polymer contribution to exciton generation. Moreover, it is demonstrated that solar cells based on high molecular weight PTQ10 are more thermally stable due to a higher glass transition temperature, thus also improving device stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Riera-Galindo
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona ICMAB-CSIC, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sanz-Lleó
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona ICMAB-CSIC, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Eurecat Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unit of Printed Electronics & Embedded Devices, Av. d'Ernest Lluch 36, Mataró, 08302, Spain
| | - Edgar Gutiérrez-Fernández
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Nicolás Ramos
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona ICMAB-CSIC, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Martín
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Universidade da Coruña, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, CITENI, Esteiro, Ferrol, 15403, Spain
| | - Laura López-Mir
- Eurecat Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unit of Printed Electronics & Embedded Devices, Av. d'Ernest Lluch 36, Mataró, 08302, Spain
| | - Mariano Campoy-Quiles
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona ICMAB-CSIC, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Chen J, Wang Y, Wang L, Lin FR, Han C, Ma X, Zheng J, Li Z, Zapien JA, Gao H, Jen AKY. Highly Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells Enabled by a Commercialized Simple Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene Additive. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400172. [PMID: 38807542 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Delicately manipulating nanomorphology is recognized as a vital and effective approach to enhancing the performance and stability of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the complete removal of solvent additives with high boiling points is typically necessary to maintain the operational stability of the device. In this study, two commercially available organic intermediates, namely thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT) and 3,6-dibromothieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TTB) are introduced, as solid additives in OSCs. The theoretical simulations and experimental results indicate that TT and TTB may exhibit stronger intermolecular interactions with the acceptor Y6 and donor PM6, respectively. This suggests that the solid additives (SAs) can selectively intercalate between Y6 and PM6 molecules, thereby improving the packing order and crystallinity. As a result, the TT-treated PM6:Y6 system exhibits a favorable morphology, improved charge carrier mobility, and minimal charge recombination loss. These characteristics contribute to an impressive efficiency of 17.75%. Furthermore, the system demonstrates exceptional thermal stability (T80 > 2800 h at 65 °C) and outstanding photostability. The universal applicability of TT treatment is confirmed in OSCs employing D18:L8-BO, achieving a significantly higher PCE of 18.3%. These findings underscore the importance of using appropriate solid additives to optimize the blend morphology of OSCs, thereby improving photovoltaic performance and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Chen
- College of New Energy, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 99907, China
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy (HKICE), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of New Energy, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 99907, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy (HKICE), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chenyang Han
- College of New Energy, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of New Energy, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
| | - Jialu Zheng
- College of New Energy, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
| | - Zhao Li
- College of New Energy, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
| | - Juan Antonio Zapien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 99907, China
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- College of New Energy, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 99907, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy (HKICE), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 99907, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy (HKICE), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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29
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Song J, Zhang C, Li C, Qiao J, Yu J, Gao J, Wang X, Hao X, Tang Z, Lu G, Yang R, Yan H, Sun Y. Non-halogenated Solvent-Processed Organic Solar Cells with Approaching 20 % Efficiency and Improved Photostability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404297. [PMID: 38526996 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The development of high-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs) processed from non-halogenated solvents is crucially important for their scale-up industry production. However, owing to the difficulty of regulating molecular aggregation, there is a huge efficiency gap between non-halogenated and halogenated solvent processed OSCs. Herein, we fabricate o-xylene processed OSCs with approaching 20 % efficiency by incorporating a trimeric guest acceptor named Tri-V into the PM6:L8-BO-X host blend. The incorporation of Tri-V effectively restricts the excessive aggregation of L8-BO-X, regulates the molecular packing and optimizes the phase-separation morphology, which leads to mitigated trap density states, reduced energy loss and suppressed charge recombination. Consequently, the PM6:L8-BO-X:Tri-V-based device achieves an efficiency of 19.82 %, representing the highest efficiency for non-halogenated solvent-processed OSCs reported to date. Noticeably, with the addition of Tri-V, the ternary device shows an improved photostability than binary PM6:L8-BO-X-based device, and maintains 80 % of the initial efficiency after continuous illumination for 1380 h. This work provides a feasible approach for fabricating high-efficiency, stable, eco-friendly OSCs, and sheds new light on the large-scale industrial production of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Song
- International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jifa Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xunchang Wang
- X. Wang, R. Yang, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- X. Wang, R. Yang, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, P. R. China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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30
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Ding Y, Memon WA, Zhang D, Zhu Y, Xiong S, Wang Z, Liu J, Li H, Lai H, Shao M, He F. Dimerized Acceptors with Conjugate-Break Linker Enable Highly Efficient and Mechanically Robust Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403139. [PMID: 38530206 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Designing new acceptors is critical for intrinsically stretchable organic solar cells (IS-OSCs) with high efficiency and mechanical robustness. However, nearly all stretchable polymer acceptors exhibit limited efficiency and high-performance small molecular acceptors are very brittle. In this regard, we select thienylene-alkane-thienylene (TAT) as the conjugate-break linker and synthesize four dimerized acceptors by the regulation of connecting sites and halogen substitutions. It is found that the connecting sites and halogen substitutions considerably impact the overall electronic structures, aggregation behaviors, and charge transport properties. Benefiting from the optimization of the molecular structure, the dimerized acceptor exhibits rational phase separation within the blend films, which significantly facilitates exciton dissociation while effectively suppressing charge recombination processes. Consequently, FDY-m-TAT-based rigid OSCs render the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.07 % among reported acceptors containing conjugate-break linker. Most importantly, FDY-m-TAT-based IS-OSCs achieve high PCE (14.29 %) and remarkable stretchability (crack-onset strain [COS]=18.23 %), significantly surpassing Y6-based counterpart (PCE=12.80 % and COS=8.50 %). To sum up, these findings demonstrate that dimerized acceptors containing conjugate-break linkers have immense potential in developing highly efficient and mechanically robust OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Ding
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Waqar Ali Memon
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwu Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shilong Xiong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Heng Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hanjian Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ming Shao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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31
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Feng F, Hu Z, Wang J, Wang P, Sun C, Wang X, Bi F, Li Y, Bao X. Non-Fused π-Extension of Endcaps of Small Molecular Acceptors Enabling High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400601. [PMID: 38782717 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The modular structure of small molecular acceptors (SMAs) allows for versatile modifications of the materials and boosts the photovoltaic efficiencies of organic solar cells (OSCs) in recent years. As a critical component, the endcaps of SMAs have been intensively investigated and modified to control the molecular aggregation and photo-electronic conversion. However, most of the studies focus on halogenation or π-fusion extension of the endcap moieties, but overlook the non-fused π-extension approach, which could be a promising strategy to balance the self-aggregation and compatibility behaviors. Herein, we reported two new acceptors namely BTP-Th and BTP-FTh based on non-fused π-extension of the endcap by chlorinated-thiophene, of which the latter molecule has better co-planarity and crystallinity because of the intramolecular noncovalent interactions. Paired with donor PBDB-T, the optimal device of BTP-FTh reveals a greater efficiency of 14.81 % that that of BTP-Th (13.91 %). Nevertheless, the BTP-Th based device realizes a lower energy loss, enabling BTP-Th as a good candidate to serve as guest acceptor. As a result, the ternary solar cells of PM6 : BTP-eC9 : BTP-Th output a champion efficiency up to 18.71 % with enhanced open-circuit voltage. This study highlights the significance of rational decoration of endcaps for the design of high-performance SMAs and photovoltaic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zunyuan Hu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, 266590, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxiao Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengchao Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 266042, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Fuzhen Bi
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Shandong Energy Institute, 266101, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, 266101, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghai Li
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Shandong Energy Institute, 266101, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, 266101, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xichang Bao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Shandong Energy Institute, 266101, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, 266101, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
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32
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Liu H, Xin Y, Suo Z, Yang L, Zou Y, Cao X, Hu Z, Kan B, Wan X, Liu Y, Chen Y. Dipole Moments Regulation of Biphosphonic Acid Molecules for Self-assembled Monolayers Boosts the Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells Exceeding 19.7. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14287-14296. [PMID: 38718348 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
PEDOT PSS has been widely used as a hole extraction layer (HEL) in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, their acidic nature can potentially corrode the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode over time, leading to adverse effects on the longevity of the OSCs. Herein, we have developed a class of biphosphonic acid molecules with tunable dipole moments for self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), namely, 3-BPIC(i), 3-BPIC, and 3-BPIC-F, which exhibit an increasing dipole moment in sequence. Compared to centrosymmetric 3-BPIC(i), the axisymmetric 3-BPIC and 3-BPIC-F exhibit higher adsorption energies (Eads) with ITO, shorter interface spacing, more uniform coverage on ITO surface, and better interfacial compatibility with the active layer. Thanks to the incorporation of fluorine atoms, 3-BPIC-F exhibits a deeper highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level and a larger dipole moment compared to 3-BPIC, resulting in an enlarged work function (WF) for the ITO/3-BPIC-F substrate. These advantages of 3-BPIC-F could not only improve hole extraction within the device but also lower the interfacial impedance and reduce nonradiative recombination at the interface. As a result, the OSCs using SAM based on 3-BPIC-F obtained a record high efficiency of 19.71%, which is higher than that achieved from the cells based on 3-BPIC(i) (13.54%) and 3-BPIC (19.34%). Importantly, 3-BPIC-F-based OSCs exhibit significantly enhanced stability compared to that utilizing PEDOT:PSS as HEL. Our work offers guidance for the future design of functional molecules for SAMs to realize even higher performance in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yufei Xin
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhaochen Suo
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yu Zou
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Cao
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ziyang Hu
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Bin Kan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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33
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Liu Z, Song Z, Sun X. All-Atom Photoinduced Charge Transfer Dynamics in Condensed Phase via Multistate Nonlinear-Response Instantaneous Marcus Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3993-4006. [PMID: 38657208 PMCID: PMC11099976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced charge transfer (CT) in the condensed phase is an essential component in solar energy conversion, but it is challenging to simulate such a process on the all-atom level. The traditional Marcus theory has been utilized for obtaining CT rate constants between pairs of electronic states but cannot account for the nonequilibrium effects due to the initial nuclear preparation. The recently proposed instantaneous Marcus theory (IMT) and its nonlinear-response formulation allow for incorporating the nonequilibrium nuclear relaxation to electronic transition between two states after the photoexcitation from the equilibrium ground state and provide the time-dependent rate coefficient. In this work, we extend the nonlinear-response IMT method for treating photoinduced CT among general multiple electronic states and demonstrate it in the organic photovoltaic carotenoid-porphyrin-fullerene triad dissolved in explicit tetrahydrofuran solvent. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations were employed to obtain the time correlation functions of energy gaps, which were used to generate the IMT-required time-dependent averages and variances of the relevant energy gaps. Our calculations show that the multistate IMT could capture the significant nonequilibrium effects due to the initial nuclear state preparation, and this is corroborated by the substantial differences between the population dynamics predicted by the multistate IMT and the Marcus theory, where the Marcus theory underestimates the population transfer. The population dynamics by multistate IMT is also shown to have a better agreement with the all-atom nonadiabatic mapping dynamics than the Marcus theory does. Because the multistate nonlinear-response IMT is straightforward and cost-effective in implementation and accounts for the nonequilibrium nuclear effects, we believe this method offers a practical strategy for studying charge transfer dynamics in complex condensed-phase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengkui Liu
- Division
of Arts and Sciences, NYU Shanghai, 567 West Yangsi Road, Shanghai 200124, China
- NYU-ECNU
Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, 3663 Zhongshan Road North, Shanghai 200062, China
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Zailing Song
- Division
of Arts and Sciences, NYU Shanghai, 567 West Yangsi Road, Shanghai 200124, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Division
of Arts and Sciences, NYU Shanghai, 567 West Yangsi Road, Shanghai 200124, China
- NYU-ECNU
Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, 3663 Zhongshan Road North, Shanghai 200062, China
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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34
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Fu H, Wang Q, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Meng S, Xue L, Zhang C, Yi Y, Zhang ZG. Dimeric Giant Molecule Acceptors Featuring N-type Linker: Enhancing Intramolecular Coupling for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403005. [PMID: 38382043 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Giant molecular acceptors (GMAs) are typically designed through the conjugated linking of individual small molecule acceptors (SMAs). This design imparts an extended molecular size, elevating the glass transition temperature (Tg) relative to their SMA counterparts. Consequently, it effectively suppresses the thermodynamic relaxation of the acceptor component when blended with polymer donors to construct stable polymer solar cells (PSCs). Despite their merits, the optimization of their chemical structure for further enhancing of device performance remains challenge. Different from previous reports utilizing p-type linkers, here, we explore an n-type linker, specifically the benzothiadiazole unit, to dimerize the SMA units via a click-like Knoevenagel condensation, affording BT-DL. In comparison with B-DL with a benzene linkage, BT-DL exhibits significantly stronger intramolecular super-exchange coupling, a desirable property for the acceptor component. Furthermore, BT-DL demonstrates a higher film absorption coefficient, redshifted absorption, larger crystalline coherence, and higher electron mobility. These inherent advantages of BT-DL translate into a higher power conversion efficiency of 18.49 % in PSCs, a substantial improvement over the 9.17 % efficiency observed in corresponding devices with B-DL as the acceptor. Notably, the BT-DL based device exhibits exceptional stability, retaining over 90 % of its initial efficiency even after enduring 1000 hours of thermal stress at 90 °C. This work provides a cost-effective approach to the synthesis of n-type linker-dimerized GMAs, and highlight their potential advantage in enhancing intramolecular coupling for more efficient and durable photovoltaic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaogang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shixin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lingwei Xue
- Yaoshan Laboratory, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, P. R. China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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35
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Niharika Bhuyan N, Shankar S S, Jyoti Panda S, Shekhar Purohit C, Singhal R, Sharma GD, Mishra A. An Asymmetric Coumarin-Anthracene Conjugate as Efficient Fullerene-Free Acceptor for Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202406272. [PMID: 38739535 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Asymmetric wide-band gap fullerene-free acceptors (FFAs) play a crucial role in organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, we designed and synthesized a simple asymmetric coumarin-anthracene conjugate named CA-CN with optical band gap of 2.1 eV in a single-step condensation reaction. Single crystal X-ray structure analysis confirms various multiple intermolecular non-covalent interactions. The molecular orbital energy levels of CA-CN estimated from cyclic voltammetry were found to be suitable for its use as an acceptor for OSCs. Binary OSCs fabricated using CA-CN as acceptor and PTB7-Th as the donor achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.13 %. We further demonstrate that the insertion of 20 wt % of CA-CN as a third component in ternary OSCs with PTB7-Th : DICTF as the host material achieved an impressive PCE of 14.91 %, an improvement of ~43 % compared to the PTB7-Th : DICTF binary device (10.38 %). Importantly, the ternary blend enhances the absorption coverage from 400 to 800 nm and improves the morphology of the active layer. The findings highlight the efficacy of an asymmetric design approach for FFAs, which paves the way for developing high-efficiency OSCs at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shyam Shankar S
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Deemed University), Rupa ki Nagal, Jamdoli, 302031, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Subhra Jyoti Panda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Jatni, 752050, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Chandra Shekhar Purohit
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Jatni, 752050, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Rahul Singhal
- Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, 302017, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Deemed University), Rupa ki Nagal, Jamdoli, 302031, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amaresh Mishra
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, 768019, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur, India
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36
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Tan X, Feng Q, Nan G. Organic cations promote exciton dissociation in Ruddlesden-Popper lead iodide perovskites: a theoretical study. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:2248-2257. [PMID: 38436053 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01773g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) are a class of quantum well (QW) materials showing large exciton binding energy owing to quantum confinement. The existence of localized edge states was proposed to accelerate exciton dissociation into long-lived charge carriers in 2D RPPs, but recent experimental reports suggested that highly efficient internal exciton dissociation is achievable in 2D RPPs despite the absence of edge states. Herein, we adopt first-principles calculations to unveil the physical origin of the high internal quantum efficiency in the bulk region of widely familiar (BA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 (BA = butylammonium; MA = methylammonium) materials. We discover that the dipolar nature of MA cations provides the driving force for the separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs inside QWs as the inorganic layer thickens from n = 1 to n = 3. Concurrently, electronic coupling between organic spacer layers and QWs is enhanced in the energetically favorable configurations where MA cations orient with their CH3 groups towards the exterior PbI2 layers of QWs in the n = 3 structure. Consequently, hole delocalization is promoted along the out-of-plane direction of QWs, which in turn facilitates exciton dissociation into free charge carriers despite large exciton binding energy. Our simulations reveal that the hydrogen bonding between organic species (including both MA and BA cations) and iodine atoms, which is subtly interconnected, engineers the response of morphology in QWs and electronic interactions at organic-inorganic interfaces, providing novel insights for the exciton-free carrier behavior in the bulk area of 2D RPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Tan
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Qingjie Feng
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Guangjun Nan
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P. R. China.
- Zhejiang Institute of Photoelectronics & Zhejiang Institute for Advanced Light Source, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, P. R. China
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37
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Zhang T, Yuk Lin Lai J, Shi M, Li Q, Zhang C, Yan H. Data Cleansing and Sub-Unit-Based Molecular Description Enable Accurate Prediction of The Energy Levels of Non-Fullerene Acceptors Used in Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308652. [PMID: 38386329 PMCID: PMC11077656 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have recently emerged as pivotal materials for enhancing the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). To further advance OSC efficiency, precise control over the energy levels of NFAs is imperative, necessitating the development of a robust computational method for accurate energy level predictions. Unfortunately, conventional computational techniques often yield relatively large errors, typically ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 electronvolts (eV), when predicting energy levels. In this study, the authors present a novel method that not only expedites energy level predictions but also significantly improves accuracy , reducing the error margin to 0.06 eV. The method comprises two essential components. The first component involves data cleansing, which systematically eliminates problematic experimental data and thereby minimizes input data errors. The second component introduces a molecular description method based on the electronic properties of the sub-units comprising NFAs. The approach simplifies the intricacies of molecular computation and demonstrates markedly enhanced prediction performance compared to the conventional density functional theory (DFT) method. Our methodology will expedite research in the field of NFAs, serving as a catalyst for the development of similar computational approaches to address challenges in other areas of material science and molecular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of ComputingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, KLNHong Kong999077China
| | - Joshua Yuk Lin Lai
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water Bay, KowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Mingzhe Shi
- Department of ComputingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, KLNHong Kong999077China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of ComputingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, KLNHong Kong999077China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of ComputingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, KLNHong Kong999077China
| | - He Yan
- Department of ChemistryHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water Bay, KowloonHong Kong999077China
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38
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Lin T, Hai Y, Luo Y, Feng L, Jia T, Wu J, Ma R, Dela Peña TA, Li Y, Xing Z, Li M, Wang M, Xiao B, Wong KS, Liu S, Li G. Isomerization of Benzothiadiazole Yields a Promising Polymer Donor and Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency of 19.0. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312311. [PMID: 38305577 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of high-performance and low-cost wide-bandgap polymer donors remains critical to achieve high-efficiency nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) beyond current thresholds. Herein, the 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole (iBT), which is an isomer of 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT), is used to design wide-bandgap polymer donor PiBT. The PiBT-based solar cells reach efficiency of 19.0%, which is one of the highest efficiencies in binary OSCs. Systemic studies show that isomerization of BT to iBT can finely regulate the polymers' photoelectric properties including i) increasing the extinction coefficient and photon harvest, ii) downshifting the highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels, iii) improving the coplanarity of polymer backbones, iv) offering good thermodynamic miscibility with acceptors. Consequently, the PiBT:Y6 bulk heterojunction (BHJ) device simultaneously reaches advantageous nanoscale morphology, efficient exciton generation and dissociation, fast charge transportation, and suppressed charge recombination, leading to larger VOC of 0.87 V, higher JSC of 28.2 mA cm-2, greater fill factor of 77.3%, and thus higher efficiency of 19.0%, while the analog-PBT-based OSCs reach efficiency of only 12.9%. Moreover, the key intermediate iBT can be easily afforded from industry chemicals via two-step procedure. Overall, this contribution highlights that iBT is a promising motif for designing high-performance polymer donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lin
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China
| | - Yulong Hai
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Yongmin Luo
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Lingwei Feng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tao Jia
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, China
- Faculty of Science, Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yao Li
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Zengshan Xing
- School of Science, Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Faculty of Science, Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China
| | - Biao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Flexible Display Materials and Technology Co-Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University (JHUN), Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- School of Science, Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Shengjian Liu
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, Key Laboratory of Electronic Chemicals for Integrated Circuit Packaging, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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39
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Tang A, Cong P, Dai T, Wang Z, Zhou E. A 2-A 1-D-A 1-A 2-Type Nonfullerene Acceptors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300175. [PMID: 37907430 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The A2-A1-D-A1-A2-type molecules consist of one electron-donating (D) core flanked by two electron-accepting units (A1 and A2) and have emerged as an essential branch of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs). These molecules generally possess higher molecular energy levels and wider optical bandgaps compared with those of the classic A-D-A- and A-DA'D-A-type NFAs, owing to the attenuated intramolecular charge transfer effect. These characteristics make them compelling choices for the fabrication of high-voltage organic photovoltaics (OPVs), ternary OPVs, and indoor OPVs. Herein, the recent progress in the A2-A1-D-A1-A2-type NFAs are reviewed, including the molecular engineering, structure-property relationships, voltage loss (Vloss), device stability, and photovoltaic performance of binary, ternary, and indoor OPVs. Finally, the challenges and provided prospects are discussed for the further development of this type of NFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Tang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Peiqing Cong
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tingting Dai
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zongtao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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40
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Shoaee S, Luong HM, Song J, Zou Y, Nguyen TQ, Neher D. What We have Learnt from PM6:Y6. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302005. [PMID: 37623325 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three years, remarkable advancements in organic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged, propelled by the introduction of Y6-an innovative A-DA'D-A type small molecule non-fullerene acceptor (NFA). This review provides a critical discussion of the current knowledge about the structural and physical properties of the PM6:Y6 material combination in relation to its photovoltaic performance. The design principles of PM6 and Y6 are discussed, covering charge transfer, transport, and recombination mechanisms. Then, the authors delve into blend morphology and degradation mechanisms before considering commercialization. The current state of the art is presented, while also discussing unresolved contentious issues, such as the blend energetics, the pathways of free charge generation, and the role of triplet states in recombination. As such, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the PM6:Y6 material combination and its potential for further development in the field of organic solar cells. By addressing both the successes and challenges associated with this system, this review contributes to the ongoing research efforts toward achieving more efficient and stable organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Shoaee
- Optoelectronics of Disordered Semiconductors, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hoang M Luong
- Centre for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jiage Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Centre for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Dieter Neher
- Soft Matter Physics and Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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41
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Gonev H, Jones E, Chang CY, Ie Y, Chatterjee S, Clarke TM. Invariant Charge Carrier Dynamics Using a Non-Planar Non-Fullerene Acceptor across Multiple Processing Solvents. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:6758-6766. [PMID: 38690536 PMCID: PMC11056975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Conventional non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) typically have planar structures that can enable improved electron mobility and produce more efficient organic photovoltaic devices. A relatively simple A-D-A'-D-A type NFA specifically designed to match with poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) for green-absorbing agrivoltaic applications has been examined using a variety of techniques: microsecond transient absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and photoluminescence. Relatively invariant charge carrier decay dynamics are observed in the blend films across a variety of processing solvents. Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with computational studies reveals that this NFA is non-planar and that multiple conformations are present in films, while preserving the crystalline nature of P3HT. The non-planarity of the NFA therefore creates a dispersive acceptor environment, irrespective of processing solvent, and this leads to the observed relative invariance in charge carrier decay dynamics and high tolerance to morphological variation. The findings presented in this work highlight the potential of non-planar materials as acceptors in organic photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristo
Ivov Gonev
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London, WC1H 0AJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Elena Jones
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London, WC1H 0AJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London, WC1H 0AJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shreyam Chatterjee
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tracey M. Clarke
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Building, London, WC1H 0AJ, United
Kingdom
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Huang J, Chen T, Mei L, Wang M, Zhu Y, Cui J, Ouyang Y, Pan Y, Bi Z, Ma W, Ma Z, Zhu H, Zhang C, Chen XK, Chen H, Zuo L. On the role of asymmetric molecular geometry in high-performance organic solar cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3287. [PMID: 38627412 PMCID: PMC11021434 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Although asymmetric molecular design has been widely demonstrated effective for organic photovoltaics (OPVs), the correlation between asymmetric molecular geometry and their optoelectronic properties is still unclear. To access this issue, we have designed and synthesized several symmetric-asymmetric non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) pairs with identical physical and optoelectronic properties. Interestingly, we found that the asymmetric NFAs universally exhibited increased open-circuit voltage compared to their symmetric counterparts, due to the reduced non-radiative charge recombination. From our molecular-dynamic simulations, the asymmetric NFA naturally exhibits more diverse molecular interaction patterns at the donor (D):acceptor (A) interface as compared to the symmetric ones, as well as higher D:A interfacial charge-transfer state energy. Moreover, it is observed that the asymmetric structure can effectively suppress triplet state formation. These advantages enable a best efficiency of 18.80%, which is one of the champion results among binary OPVs. Therefore, this work unambiguously demonstrates the unique advantage of asymmetric molecular geometry, unveils the underlying mechanism, and highlights the manipulation of D:A interface as an important consideration for future molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Le Mei
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mengting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jiting Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Yanni Ouyang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Youwen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xian-Kai Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China.
| | - Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China.
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China.
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43
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Hu H, Liu S, Xu J, Ma R, Peng Z, Peña TAD, Cui Y, Liang W, Zhou X, Luo S, Yu H, Li M, Wu J, Chen S, Li G, Chen Y. Over 19 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Manipulating the Intermolecular Interactions through Side Chain Fluorine Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400086. [PMID: 38329002 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Fluorine side chain functionalization of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) represents an effective strategy for enhancing the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, a knowledge gap persists regarding the relationship between structural changes induced by fluorine functionalization and the resultant impact on device performance. In this work, varying amounts of fluorine atoms were introduced into the outer side chains of Y-series NFAs to construct two acceptors named BTP-F0 and BTP-F5. Theoretical and experimental investigations reveal that side-chain fluorination significantly increase the overall average electrostatic potential (ESP) and charge balance factor, thereby effectively improving the ESP-induced intermolecular electrostatic interaction, and thus precisely tuning the molecular packing and bulk-heterojunction morphology. Therefore, the BTP-F5-based OSC exhibited enhanced crystallinity, domain purity, reduced domain spacing, and optimized phase distribution in the vertical direction. This facilitates exciton diffusion, suppresses charge recombination, and improves charge extraction. Consequently, the promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.3 % and 19.2 % were achieved in BTP-F5-based binary and ternary devices, respectively, surpassing the PCE of 16.1 % for BTP-F0-based OSCs. This work establishes a structure-performance relationship and demonstrates that fluorine functionalization of the outer side chains of Y-series NFAs is a compelling strategy for achieving ideal phase separation for highly efficient OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education/National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jiaoyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, 511400, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Faculty of Science, Department of Applied Physics, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Yongjie Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Siwei Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Li
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Faculty of Science, Department of Applied Physics, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, 511400, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shangshang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education/National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
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Chang B, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhang M, Wang Q, Xu Z, Chen Q, Bai Y, Fu H, Meng S, Xue L, Kim S, Yang C, Yi Y, Zhang ZG. Tethered Trimeric Small-molecular Acceptors through Aromatic-core Engineering for Highly Efficient and Thermally Stable Polymer Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400590. [PMID: 38318728 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Polymer solar cells (PSCs) rely on a blend of small molecular acceptors (SMAs) with polymer donors, where thermodynamic relaxation of SMAs poses critical concerns on operational stability. To tackle this issue, tethered SMAs, wherein multiple SMA-subunits are connected to the aromatic-core via flexible chains, are proposed. This design aims to an elevated glass transition temperature (Tg) for a dynamical control. However, attaining an elevated Tg value with additional SMA subunits introduces complexity to the molecular packing, posing a significant challenge in realizing both high stability and power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this study, we initiate isomer engineering on the benzene-carboxylate core and find that meta-positioned dimeric BDY-β exhibits more favorable molecular packing compared to its para-positioned counterpart, BDY-α. With this encouraging result, we expand our approach by introducing an additional SMA unit onto the aromatic core of BDY-β, maintaining a meta-position relative to each SMA unit location in the tethered acceptor. This systematic aromatic-core engineering results in a star-shaped C3h-positioned molecular geometry. The supramolecular interactions of SMA units in the trimer contribute to enhancements in Tg value, crystallinity, and a red-shifted absorption compared to dimers. These characteristics result in a noteworthy increase in PCE to 18.24 %, coupled with a remarkable short-circuit current density of 27.06 mA cm-2. More significantly, the trimer-based devices delivered an excellent thermal stability with over 95 % of their initial efficiency after 1200 h thermal degradation. Our findings underscore the promise and feasibility of tethered trimeric structures in achieving highly ordered aggregation behavior and increased Tg value in PSCs, simultaneously improving in device efficiency and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaogang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Cen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zheng'ao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongyuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shixin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lingwei Xue
- Yaoshan Laboratory, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, P. R. China
| | - Seoyoung Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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Ahmadpour M, Ahmad M, Prete M, Hansen JL, Miakota DI, Greenbank W, Zheng YJ, Top M, Ebel T, Rubahn HG, Turkovic V, Canulescu S, Witkowski N, Madsen M. Tuning Surface Defect States in Sputtered Titanium Oxide Electron Transport Layers for Enhanced Stability of Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16580-16588. [PMID: 38529895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have dramatically improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaics (OPV) in recent years; however, their device stability currently remains a bottleneck for further technological progress. Photocatalytic decomposition of nonfullerene acceptor molecules at metal oxide electron transport layer (ETL) interfaces has in several recent reports been demonstrated as one of the main degradation mechanisms for these high-performing OPV devices. While some routes for mitigating such degradation effects have been proposed, e.g., through a second layer integrated on the ETL surface, no clear strategy that complies with device scale-up and application requirements has been presented to date. In this work, it is demonstrated that the development of sputtered titanium oxide layers as ETLs in nonfullerene acceptor based OPV can lead to significantly enhanced device lifetimes. This is achieved by tuning the concentration of defect states at the oxide surface, via the reactive sputtering process, to mitigate the photocatalytic decomposition of NFA molecules at the metal oxide interlayers. Reduced defect state formation at the oxide surface is confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies, while the reduced photocatalytic decomposition of nonfullerene acceptor molecules is confirmed via optical spectroscopy investigations. The PBDB-T:ITIC organic solar cells show power conversion efficiencies of around 10% and significantly enhanced photostability. This is achieved through a reactive sputtering process that is fully scalable and industry compatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrad Ahmadpour
- Mads Clausen Institute, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), University of Southern Denmark, So̷nderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Mariam Ahmad
- Mads Clausen Institute, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), University of Southern Denmark, So̷nderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Michela Prete
- Mads Clausen Institute, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), University of Southern Denmark, So̷nderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - John Lundsgaard Hansen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy/Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNano), Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Denys I Miakota
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
| | - William Greenbank
- Centre for Industrial Electronics, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, So̷nderborg DK-6400, Denmark
| | - Yunlin Jacques Zheng
- UMR CNRS 7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Michiel Top
- Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology FEP, Winterbergstrasse 28, Dresden 01277, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebel
- Centre for Industrial Electronics, Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, So̷nderborg DK-6400, Denmark
| | - Horst-Günter Rubahn
- University of Southern Denmark, SDU NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, So̷nderborg 6400, Denmark
| | - Vida Turkovic
- Mads Clausen Institute, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), University of Southern Denmark, So̷nderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Stela Canulescu
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Nadine Witkowski
- UMR CNRS 7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Morten Madsen
- Mads Clausen Institute, Center for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), University of Southern Denmark, So̷nderborg 6400, Denmark
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
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Gopikrishna P, Choi H, Kim DH, Lee D, Hwang JH, Jin SM, Lee E, Cho S, Kim B. Halogenated 9H-Indeno[1,2-b]Pyrazine-2,3-Dicarbonitrile End Groups Based Asymmetric Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Green Solvent-Processable, Additive-Free, and Stable Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401080. [PMID: 38566553 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) significantly enhance photovoltaic performance in organic solar cells (OSCs) using halogenated solvents and additives. However, these solvents are environmentally detrimental and unsuitable for industrial-scale production, and the issue of OSCs' poor long-term stability persists. This report introduces eight asymmetric NFAs (IPCnF-BBO-IC2F, IPCnF-BBO-IC2Cl, IPCnCl-BBO-IC2F, and IPCnCl-BBO-IC2Cl, where n = 1 and 2). These NFAs comprise a 12,13-bis(2-butyloctyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2'',3'':4',5']thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno-[3,2-b]indole (BBO) core. One end of the core attaches to a mono- or di-halogenated 9H-indeno[1,2-b]pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile (IPC) end group (IPC1F, IPC1Cl, IPC2F, or IPC2Cl), while the other end connects to a 2-(5,6-dihalo-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (IC) end group (IC2F or IC2Cl). The optical and electronic properties of these NFAs can be finely tuned by controlling the number of halogen atoms. Crucially, these NFAs demonstrate excellent compatibility with PM6 even in o-xylene, facilitating the production of additive-free OSCs. The di-halogenated IPC-based NFAs outperform their mono-halogenated counterparts in photovoltaic performance within OSCs. Remarkably, the di-halogenated IPC-based NFAs maintain 94‒98% of their initial PCEs over 2000 h in air without encapsulation, indicating superior long-term device stability. These findings imply that the integration of di-halogenated IPCs in asymmetric NFA design offers a promising route to efficient, stable OSCs manufactured through environmentally friendly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peddaboodi Gopikrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Huijeong Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hui Kim
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchan Lee
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Hwang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Mi Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - BongSoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Device Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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Yi F, Xiao M, Meng Y, Bai H, Su W, Gao W, Yao ZF, Qi G, Liang Z, Jin C, Tang L, Zhang R, Yan L, Liu Y, Zhu W, Ma W, Fan Q. Non-Fully Conjugated Dimerized Giant Acceptors with Different Alkyl-Linked Sites for Stable and 19.13 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319295. [PMID: 38335036 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Achieving both high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device stability is a major challenge for the practical development of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, three non-fully conjugated dimerized giant acceptors (named 2Y-sites, including wing-site-linked 2Y-wing, core-site-linked 2Y-core, and end-site-linked 2Y-end) are developed. They share the similar monomer precursors but have different alkyl-linked sites, offering the fine-tuned molecular absorption, packing, glass transition temperature, and carrier mobility. Among their binary active layers, D18/2Y-wing has better miscibility, leading to optimized morphology and more efficient charge transfer compared to D18/2Y-core and D18/2Y-end. Therefore, the D18/2Y-wing-based OSCs achieve a superior PCE of 17.73 %, attributed to enhanced photocurrent and fill factor. Furthermore, the D18/2Y-wing-based OSCs exhibit a balance of high PCE and improved stability, distinguishing them within the 2Y-sites. Building on the success of 2Y-wing in binary systems, we extend its application to ternary OSCs by pairing it with the near-infrared absorbing D18/BS3TSe-4F host. Thanks to the complementary absorption within 300-970 nm and further optimized morphology, ternary OSCs obtain a higher PCE of 19.13 %, setting a new efficiency benchmark for the dimer-derived OSCs. This approach of alkyl-linked site engineering for constructing dimerized giant acceptors presents a promising pathway to improve both PCE and stability of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yi
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application (Ministry of Education), Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Manjun Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application (Ministry of Education), Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105
| | - Yongdie Meng
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application (Ministry of Education), Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105
| | - Hairui Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wenyan Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ze-Fan Yao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | | | - Zezhou Liang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi, Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronics Science & Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Conggui Jin
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application (Ministry of Education), Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105
| | - Lingxiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Lihe Yan
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi, Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronics Science & Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qunping Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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48
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Li F, Lin FR, Jen AKY. Current State and Future Perspectives of Printable Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307161. [PMID: 37828582 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic technology presents a sustainable solution to address the escalating global energy consumption and a reliable strategy for achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. Emerging photovoltaic technologies, especially the printable organic and perovskite solar cells, have attracted extensive attention due to their rapidly transcending power conversion efficiencies and facile processability, providing great potential to revolutionize the global photovoltaic market. To accelerate these technologies to translate from the laboratory scale to the industrial level, it is critical to develop well-defined and scalable protocols to deposit high-quality thin films of photoactive and charge-transporting materials. Herein, the current state of printable organic and perovskite solar cells is summarized and the view regarding the challenges and prospects toward their commercialization is shared. Different printing techniques are first introduced to provide a correlation between material properties and printing mechanisms, and the optimization of ink formulation and film-formation during large-area deposition of different functional layers in devices are then discussed. Engineering perspectives are also discussed to analyze the criteria for module design. Finally, perspectives are provided regarding the future development of these solar cells toward practical commercialization. It is believed that this perspective will provide insight into the development of printable solar cells and other electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhu Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
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49
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Tang H, Bai Y, Zhao H, Qin X, Hu Z, Zhou C, Huang F, Cao Y. Interface Engineering for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2212236. [PMID: 36867581 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have made dramatic advancements during the past decades owing to the innovative material design and device structure optimization, with power conversion efficiencies surpassing 19% and 20% for single-junction and tandem devices, respectively. Interface engineering, by modifying interface properties between different layers for OSCs, has become a vital part to promote the device efficiency. It is essential to elucidate the intrinsic working mechanism of interface layers, as well as the related physical and chemical processes that manipulate device performance and long-term stability. In this article, the advances in interface engineering aimed to pursue high-performance OSCs are reviewed. The specific functions and corresponding design principles of interface layers are summarized first. Then, the anode interface layer, cathode interface layer in single-junction OSCs, and interconnecting layer of tandem devices are discussed in separate categories, and the interface engineering-related improvements on device efficiency and stability are analyzed. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with application of interface engineering are discussed with the emphasis on large-area, high-performance, and low-cost device manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Tang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuanqing Bai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xudong Qin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Enjou T, Goto S, Liu Q, Ishiwari F, Saeki A, Uemtasu T, Ikemoto Y, Watanabe S, Matsuba G, Ishibashi K, Watanabe G, Minakata S, Sagara Y, Takeda Y. Water-dispersible donor-acceptor-donor π-conjugated bolaamphiphiles enabling a humidity-responsive luminescence color change. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3653-3656. [PMID: 38488046 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05749f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Novel water-dispersible donor-acceptor-donor π-conjugated bolaamphiphiles, having dibenzophenazine as the acceptor and heteroatom-bridged amphiphilic diarylamines as the donors, have been developed. The materials displayed a distinct photoluminescence color change in response to humidity in a poly(vinylalcohol) matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Enjou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Shimpei Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ishiwari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taro Uemtasu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuka Ikemoto
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) SPring-8, 1-1-1 Koto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Sora Watanabe
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Go Matsuba
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Kouichiro Ishibashi
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Go Watanabe
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
- Department of Data Science, School of Frontier Engineering, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minato-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), 705-1 Shimoimaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshimitsu Sagara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- Living Systems Materialogy (LiSM) Research Group, International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuda-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Youhei Takeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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