1
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Poon KC, Segal M, Bahnick AJ, Chan YM, Gao C, Becker ML, Williams CK. Digital Light Processing to Afford High Resolution and Degradable CO 2-Derived Copolymer Elastomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407794. [PMID: 38896057 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Vat photopolymerization 3D printing has proven very successful for the rapid additive manufacturing (AM) of polymeric parts at high resolution. However, the range of materials that can be printed and their resulting properties remains narrow. Herein, we report the successful AM of a series of poly(carbonate-b-ester-b-carbonate) elastomers, derived from carbon dioxide and bio-derived ϵ-decalactone. By employing a highly active and selective Co(II)Mg(II) polymerization catalyst, an ABA triblock copolymer (Mn=6.3 kg mol-1, ÐM=1.26) was synthesized, formulated into resins which were 3D printed using digital light processing (DLP) and a thiol-ene-based crosslinking system. A series of elastomeric and degradable thermosets were produced, with varying thiol cross-linker length and poly(ethylene glycol) content, to produce complex triply periodic geometries at high resolution. Thermomechanical characterization of the materials reveals printing-induced microphase separation and tunable hydrophilicity. These findings highlight how utilizing DLP can produce sustainable materials from low molar mass polyols quickly and at high resolution. The 3D printing of these functional materials may help to expedite the production of sustainable plastics and elastomers with potential to replace conventional petrochemical-based options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam C Poon
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Maddison Segal
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Yin Mei Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Chang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Matthew L Becker
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
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2
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Martin JA, Tan ECD, Ruddy DA, King J, To AT. Temperature-Pressure Swing Process for Reactive Carbon Capture and Conversion to Methanol: Techno-Economic Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39047178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A model was developed to conduct techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) for reactive carbon capture (RCC) and conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methanol. This RCC process is compared to a baseline commercialized flue gas CO2 hydrogenation process. An ASPEN model was combined with existing TEA and LCA models into a larger TEA/LCA framework in Python. From preliminary experimental data, the model found a levelized cost of $0.79/kg methanol for the baseline process and $0.99/kg for the RCC process. The cradle-to-gate carbon intensity of the baseline process was 0.50 kg-CO2e/kg-methanol, compared to 0.55 kg-CO2e/kg-methanol for the RCC process. However, water consumption for RCC (10.21 kg-H2O/kg-methanol) is greatly reduced compared to the baseline (12.89 kg-H2O/kg-methanol). Future improvements in hydrogen electrolysis costs will benefit the RCC. A target H2/methanol mass ratio of 0.26 was developed for RCC laboratory experiments to reduce methanol cost below the baseline. If a ratio of 0.24 can be achieved, a levelized cost of $0.76/kg methanol is projected, with a carbon intensity of 0.42 kg-CO2e/kg-methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Martin
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Eric C D Tan
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Daniel A Ruddy
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jennifer King
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Anh T To
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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3
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Lo CY, Koutsoukos KP, Nguyen DM, Wu Y, Angel Trujillo DA, Miller T, Shrestha T, Mackey E, Damani VS, Kanbur U, Opila R, Martin DC, Kaphan D, Kayser LV. Imidazolium-Based Sulfonating Agent to Control the Degree of Sulfonation of Aromatic Polymers and Enable Plastics-to-Electronics Upgrading. JACS AU 2024; 4:2596-2605. [PMID: 39055151 PMCID: PMC11267550 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of plastic waste in the environment is a growing environmental, economic, and societal challenge. Plastic upgrading, the conversion of low-value polymers to high-value materials, could address this challenge. Among upgrading strategies, the sulfonation of aromatic polymers is a powerful approach to access high-value materials for a range of applications, such as ion-exchange resins and membranes, electronic materials, and pharmaceuticals. While many sulfonation methods have been reported, achieving high degrees of sulfonation while minimizing side reactions that lead to defects in the polymer chains remains challenging. Additionally, sulfonating agents are most often used in large excess, which prevents precise control over the degree of sulfonation of aromatic polymers and their functionality. Herein, we address these challenges using 1,3-disulfonic acid imidazolium chloride ([Dsim]Cl), a sulfonic acid-based ionic liquid, to sulfonate aromatic polymers and upgrade plastic waste to electronic materials. We show that stoichiometric [Dsim]Cl can effectively sulfonate model polystyrene up to 92% in high yields, with minimal defects and high regioselectivity for the para position. Owing to its high reactivity, the use of substoichiometric [Dsim]Cl uniquely allows for precise control over the degree of sulfonation of polystyrene. This approach is also applicable to a wide range of aromatic polymers, including waste plastic. To prove the utility of our approach, samples of poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS), obtained from either partially sulfonated polystyrene or expanded polystyrene waste, are used as scaffolds for poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) to form the ubiquitous conductive material PEDOT:PSS. PEDOT:PSS from plastic waste is subsequently integrated into organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) or as a hole transport layer (HTL) in a hybrid solar cell and shows the same performance as commercial PEDOT:PSS. This imidazolium-mediated approach to precisely sulfonating aromatic polymers provides a pathway toward upgrading postconsumer plastic waste to high-value electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yuan Lo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Kelsey P. Koutsoukos
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Dan My Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yuhang Wu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | | | - Tabitha Miller
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratories, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Tulaja Shrestha
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Ethan Mackey
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Vidhika S. Damani
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Uddhav Kanbur
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratories, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Robert Opila
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - David C. Martin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - David Kaphan
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratories, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Laure V. Kayser
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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4
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Yu Y, Chen WH, Wang X, Sun X, Jiang Z, Li M, Fu X, Yang H, Li M, Wang C. Self-Assembled MXene Supported on Carbonization-Free Wood for a Symmetrical All-Wood Eco-Supercapacitor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:36322-36332. [PMID: 38970621 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
As an emerging two-dimensional (2D) material, MXene has garnered significant interest in advanced energy storage systems, yet the stackable structure, poor mechanical stability, and lack of moldability limit its large-scale applications. To address this challenge, herein, the self-assembly of MXene on carbonization-free wood was obtained to serve as high-performance electrodes for symmetrical all-wood eco-supercapacitors by a steam-driven self-assembly method. This method can be implemented in a low-temperature environment, significantly simplifying traditional high-temperature annealing processes and generating minimal impact on the environment, human health, and resource consumption. The environmentally friendly steam-driven self-assembly strategy can be further extended into various wood-based electrodes, regardless of the types and structures of wood. As a typical platform electrode, the optimized MXene@delignified balsa wood (MDBW) achieves high areal capacitance and specific capacitance values of 2.99 F cm-2 and 580.55 F g-1 at an extensive mass loading of 5.16 mg cm-2, respectively, with almost loss-free capacitance after 10,000 cycles at 50 mA cm-2. In addition, an all-solid-state symmetrical all-wood eco-supercapacitor was further assembled based on MDBW-20 as both positive and negative electrodes to achieve a high energy density of 19.22 μWh cm-2 at a power density of 0.58 mW cm-2. This work provides an effective strategy to optimize wood-based electrodes for the practical application of biomass eco-supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Zishuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Meichen Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Haiyue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Menggang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
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5
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Yang H, Zou W, Zhang C, Du A. Ab Initio Studies of Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction for Small Cu Cluster Supported on Polar Substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:33688-33695. [PMID: 38900983 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Small Cu clusters are excellent candidates for the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR), and their catalytic performance is expected to be significantly influenced by the interaction between the substrate and cluster. In this study, we systematically investigate the CO2RR for a Cu3 cluster anchored on Janus MoSX (X = Se, Te) substrates using density functional theory calculations. These substrates feature a broken vertical mirror symmetry, which generates spontaneous out-of-plane polarization and offers two distinct polar surfaces to support the Cu3 cluster. Our findings reveal that the CO2RR performance on the Cu3 cluster is strongly influenced by the polarization direction and strength of the MoSX (X = Se, Te) substrates. Notably, the Cu3 cluster supported on the S-terminated MoSTe surface (Cu3(S)@MoSTe) demonstrates the highest CO2RR activity, producing methane. These results underscore the pivotal role of substrate polarization in modulating the binding strength of reactants and reaction intermediates, thereby enhancing the CO2RR efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Yang
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Wenli Zou
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry and Physics and QUT Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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6
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Shen D, Li Z, Bai Y, Li J, Lyu S, Zhang Y, Li J, Li L. Insight into the Dynamic Nature of the Pt-CeO 2 Interface in Dry Reforming of Methane. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13458-13466. [PMID: 38887034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are attractive in one-carbon (C1) chemistry because of their high atom efficiency. However, it is a great challenge for understanding the dynamic roles of SACs under operating conditions. Here, isolated Pt atoms trapped on defective CeO2 surface are investigated by experiments, especially operando techniques, which offers basic understanding of the nature and dynamic evolution of the Pt-CeO2 interface in dry reforming of methane (DRM). The Pt-Olattice configuration is highly active for CH4 dissociation at the expense of the Olattice atoms, which in turn promotes the H-assisted dissociation of CO2. The transformation of Pt atoms between positive and metallic states is driven by the DRM reaction, which is essential for rendering highly efficient catalysis. The dynamic evolution of Pt atoms favors to eliminate the reactive intermediates, such as carbonates and formates. The dynamic nature of the Pt-CeO2 interface in the DRM reaction shows a similar picture to the Yin and Yang transformation in ancient Chinese Tai Ji wisdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shuai Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
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7
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Wang TJ, Sun LB, Ai X, Chen P, Chen Y, Wang X. Boosting Formate Electrooxidation by Heterostructured PtPd Alloy and Oxides Nanowires. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403664. [PMID: 38625813 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Direct formate fuel cells (DFFCs) receive increasing attention as promising technologies for the future energy mix and environmental sustainability, as formate can be made from carbon dioxide utilization and is carbon neutral. Herein, heterostructured platinum-palladium alloy and oxides nanowires (PtPd-ox NWs) with abundant defect sites are synthesized through a facile self-template method and demonstrated high activity toward formate electrooxidation reaction (FOR). The electronic tuning arising from the heterojunction between alloy and oxides influence the work function of PtPd-ox NWs. The sample with optimal work function reveals the favorable adsorption behavior for intermediates and strong interaction in the d-p orbital hybridization between Pt site and oxygen in formate, favoring the FOR direct pathway with a low energy barrier. Besides the thermodynamic regulation, the heterostructure can also provide sufficient hydroxyl species to facilitate the formation of carbon dioxide due to the ability of combining absorbed hydrogen and carbon monoxide at adjacent active sites, which contributes to the improvement of FOR kinetics on PtPd-ox NWs. Thus, heterostructured PtPd-ox NWs achieve dual regulation of FOR thermodynamics and kinetics, exhibiting remarkable performance and demonstrating potential in practical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P. R. China
- School of Chemical, Chemistry Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore Ltd (Cambridge CARES), CREATE Tower, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Li-Bo Sun
- Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore Ltd (Cambridge CARES), CREATE Tower, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Ai
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Pei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
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Shen J, Qiao L. Proteomic and metabolic analysis of Moorella thermoacetica-g-C 3N 4 nanocomposite system for artificial photosynthesis. Talanta 2024; 278:126479. [PMID: 38941811 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis by microbe-semiconductor biohybrid systems has been demonstrated as a valuable strategy in providing sustainable energy and in carbon fixation. However, most of the developed biohybrid systems for light harvesting employ heavy metal materials, especially cadmium sulfide (CdS), which normally cause environmental pollution and restrict the widespread of the systems. Herein, we constructed an environmentally friendly biohybirid system based on a typical acetogenic bacteria, Moorella thermoacetica, coupling with a carbon-based semiconductor, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), to realize light-driven carbon fixation. The proposed biohybrid system displayed outstanding acetate productivity with a quantum yield of 2.66 ± 0.43 %. Non-targeted proteomic analysis indicated that the physiological activity of the bacteria was improved, coupling with the non-toxic material. We further proposed the mechanisms of energy generation, electron transfer and CO2 fixation of the irradiated biohybrid system by proteomic and metabolomic characterization. With the photoelectron generated in g-C3N4 under illumination, CO2 is finally converted to acetate via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP). Other associated pathways were also proved to be activated, providing extra energy or substrates for acetate production. The study reveals that the future focus of the development of biohybrid systems for light harvesting can be on the metal-free biocompatible material, which can activate the expression of the key enzymes involved in the electron transfer and carbon metabolism under light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Shen
- Department of Chemistry, and Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, and Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China.
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9
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Liu H, Jiang H, Qi C. Macrocyclization of carbon dioxide with 3-triflyloxybenzynes and tetrahydrofuran: straightforward access to 14-membered macrolactones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6639-6642. [PMID: 38855889 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A novel [2+2+5+5] macrocyclization of carbon dioxide with 3-triflyloxybenzynes and tetrahydrofuran has been disclosed for the first time under transition metal-free conditions. The reaction provides a facile method for the synthesis of a rare type of 14-membered macrocyclic lactone, which is potentially useful but difficult to access by existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Liu
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China.
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China.
| | - Chaorong Qi
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China.
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10
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Preikschas P, Pérez-Ramírez J. Technology Readiness and Emerging Prospects of Coupled Catalytic Reactions for Sustainable Chemical Value Chains. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400865. [PMID: 38924309 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Transitioning from both the direct and indirect use of fossil fuels to the renewable and sustainable resources of the near future demands a focal shift in catalysis research - from investigating catalytic reactions in isolation to developing coupled reactions for modern chemical value chains. In this Perspective, we discuss the status and emerging prospects of coupled catalytic reactions across various scales and provide key examples. Besides being a sustainable and essential alternative to current fossil-based processes, the coupling of catalytic reactions offers novel and scalable pathways to value-added chemicals. By emphasizing the specific requirements and challenges arising from coupled reactions, we aim to identify and underscore research needs that are critical to expedite their development and to fully unlock their potential for chemical and fuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Preikschas
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Asare-Bediako BB, Li M, Houston A, Vilmercati P, Mannella N, Labbé N, Abdoulmoumine N. Boosting Dimethyl Carbonate Production from CO 2 and Methanol using Ceria-Ionic Liquid Catalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301805. [PMID: 38361160 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
As a crucial strategy towards a sustainable chemical industry, the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from renewable carbon dioxide (CO2) and methanol (MeOH) is studied using CeO2 nanoparticles modified with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen carbonate ([BMIm][HCO3]) devoid of stoichiometric dehydrating agents. The synthesized CeO2@[BMIm][HCO3] catalyst having high thermal stability harnesses the unique physicochemical properties of CeO2 and the ionic liquid to exhibit a DMC yield of 10.4 % and a methanol conversion of 16.1 % at optimal conditions (pressure of CO2=5 MPa; temperature=130 °C). The catalytic behavior of CeO2@[BMIm][HCO3] studied with a detailed XRD, XPS, CO2 and NH3-TPD, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, FTIR, SEM and TEM suggests that the synergy between the two catalytic components originating from an increased surface oxygen vacancies boosts the overall catalytic performance. After several recycling tests, the catalyst demonstrated no significant reduction in DMC yield and methanol conversion. This platform is an attractive approach to synthesize thermally stable nanoparticle@ionic liquid that retains and merges the physical attributes of both materials for producing useful bulk chemicals from readily available chemical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mi Li
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, 2506 Jacob Drive, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Austin Houston
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, 2506 Jacob Drive, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Paolo Vilmercati
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1408 Circle Drive, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, 2641 Osprey Vista Way, 37920, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Norman Mannella
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1408 Circle Drive, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, 2641 Osprey Vista Way, 37920, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Nicole Labbé
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, 2506 Jacob Drive, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Nourredine Abdoulmoumine
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, 2506 Jacob Drive, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, 2506 E.J. Chapman Drive, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
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12
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Lucas J, Padmanabha Naveen NS, Janik MJ, Alexopoulos K, Noh G, Aireddy D, Ding K, Dorman JA, Dooley KM. Improved Selectivity and Stability in Methane Dry Reforming by Atomic Layer Deposition on Ni-CeO 2-ZrO 2/Al 2O 3 Catalysts. ACS Catal 2024; 14:9115-9133. [PMID: 38933468 PMCID: PMC11197040 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Ni can be used as a catalyst for dry reforming of methane (DRM), replacing more expensive and less abundant noble metal catalysts (Pt, Pd, and Rh) with little sacrifice in activity. Ni catalysts deactivate quickly under realistic DRM conditions. Rare earth oxides such as CeO2, or as CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 (CZA), are supports that improve both the activity and stability of Ni DRM systems due to their redox activity. However, redox-active supports can also enhance the undesired reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction, reducing the hydrogen selectivity. In this work, Ni on CZA was coated with an ultrathin Al2O3 overlayer using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to study the effects of the overlayer on catalyst activity, stability, and H2/CO ratio. A low-conversion screening method revealed improved DRM activity and lower coking rate upon the addition of the Al2O3 ALD overcoat, and improvements were subsequently confirmed in a high-conversion reactor at long times onstream. The overcoated samples gave an H2/CO ratio of ∼1 at high conversion, much greater than uncoated catalysts, and no evidence of deactivation. Characterization of used (but still active) catalysts using several techniques suggests that active Ni is in formal oxidation state >0, Ni-Ce-Al is most likely present as a mixed oxide at the surface, and a nominal thickness of 0.5 nm for the Al2O3 overcoat is optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lucas
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | | | - Michael J. Janik
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Konstantinos Alexopoulos
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Gina Noh
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Divakar Aireddy
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Kunlun Ding
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - James A. Dorman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Kerry M. Dooley
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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13
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Mitchell S, Martín AJ, Guillén-Gosálbez G, Pérez-Ramírez J. The Future of Chemical Sciences is Sustainable. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318676. [PMID: 38570864 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Chemistry, a vital tool for sustainable development, faces a challenge due to the lack of clear guidance on actionable steps, hindering the optimal adoption of sustainability practices across its diverse facets from discovery to implementation. This Scientific Perspective explores established frameworks and principles, proposing a conciliated set of triple E priorities anchored on Environmental, Economic, and Equity pillars for research and decision making. We outline associated metrics, crucial for quantifying impacts, classifying them according to their focus areas and scales tackled. Emphasizing catalysis as a key driver of sustainable synthesis of chemicals and materials, we exemplify how triple E priorities can practically guide the development and implementation of processes from renewables conversions to complex customized products. We summarize by proposing a roadmap for the community aimed at raising awareness, fostering academia-industry collaboration, and stimulating further advances in sustainable chemical technologies across their broad scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio J Martín
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gonzalo Guillén-Gosálbez
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Prévot MS, Finelli V, Carrier X, Deplano G, Cavallo M, Quadrelli EA, Michel J, Pietraru MH, Camp C, Forghieri G, Gagliardi A, Seidel S, Missemer A, Reuillard B, Centrella B, Bordiga S, Salamanca González MG, Artero V, Birkelbach KVA, von Wolff N. An anthropocene-framed transdisciplinary dialog at the chemistry-energy nexus. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9054-9086. [PMID: 38903216 PMCID: PMC11186347 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00099d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
At the energy-chemistry nexus, key molecules include carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), and ammonia (NH3). The position of these four molecules and that of the more general family of synthetic macromolecular polymer blends (found in plastics) were cross-analyzed with the planetary boundary framework, and as part of five scientific policy roadmaps for the energy transition. According to the scenarios considered, the use of some of these molecular substances will be drastically modified in the coming years. Ammonia, which is currently almost exclusively synthesized as feedstock for the fertilizer industry, is envisioned as a future carbon-free energy vector. "Green hydrogen" is central to many projected decarbonized chemical processes. Carbon dioxide is forecast to shift from an unavoidable byproduct to a valuable feedstock for the production of carbon-based compounds. In this context, we believe that interdisciplinary elements from history, economics and anthropology are relevant to any attempted cross-analysis. Distinctive and crucial insights drawn from elements of humanities and social sciences have led us to formulate or re-raise open questions and possible blind-spots in main roadmaps, which were developed to guide, inter alia, chemical research toward the energy transition. We consider that these open questions are not sufficiently addressed in the academic arena around chemical research. Nevertheless, they are relevant to our understanding of the current planetary crisis, and to our capacity to properly assess the potential and limitations of chemical research addressing it. This academic perspective was written to share this understanding with the broader academic community. This work is intended not only as a call for a larger interdisciplinary method, to develop a sounder scientific approach to broader scenarios, but also - and perhaps mostly - as a call for the development of radically transdisciplinary routes of research. As scientists with different backgrounds, specialized in different disciplines and actively involved in contributing to shape solutions by means of our research, we bear ethical responsibility for the consequences of our acts, which often lead to consequences well beyond our discipline. Do our research and the knowledge it produces respond, perpetuate or even aggravate the problems encountered by society?
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu S Prévot
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut de Recherche sur la catalyse et l'environnement (IRCELYON, UMR 5256) 2 Av. A. Einstein F-69626 Villeurbanne Cedex France
| | - Valeria Finelli
- Department of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin Via P. Giuria 7 I-10125 and Via G. Quarello 15/A I-10135 Turin Italy
- University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia Palazzo del Broletto, Piazza della Vittoria 15 I-27000 Pavia Italy
| | - Xavier Carrier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, LRS F-75005 Paris France
| | - Gabriele Deplano
- Department of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin Via P. Giuria 7 I-10125 and Via G. Quarello 15/A I-10135 Turin Italy
| | - Margherita Cavallo
- Department of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin Via P. Giuria 7 I-10125 and Via G. Quarello 15/A I-10135 Turin Italy
| | - Elsje Alessandra Quadrelli
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut de Recherche sur la catalyse et l'environnement (IRCELYON, UMR 5256) 2 Av. A. Einstein F-69626 Villeurbanne Cedex France
- CPELYON 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918 F-69616 Villeurbanne France
| | | | | | - Clément Camp
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, Laboratory of Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes & Materials, CP2M UMR 5128 CNRS-UCB Lyon 1-CPE Lyon 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 F-69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Giulia Forghieri
- CATMAT Lab, Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University and INSTM-RU Venice Via Torino 155 I-30172 Venice Italy
| | - Anna Gagliardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" viale del Risorgimento 4 Bologna 40136 Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis-C3, University of Bologna viale del Risorgimento 4 Bologna 40136 Italy
| | - Sebastian Seidel
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry ITMC Worringerweg 2 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Antoine Missemer
- CNRS, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement 45bis Avenue de La Belle Gabrielle F-94736 Nogent-sur-Marne France
| | - Bertrand Reuillard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux UMR-5250 17 rue des Martyrs F-38054 Grenoble France
| | - Barbara Centrella
- Department of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin Via P. Giuria 7 I-10125 and Via G. Quarello 15/A I-10135 Turin Italy
| | - Silvia Bordiga
- Department of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin Via P. Giuria 7 I-10125 and Via G. Quarello 15/A I-10135 Turin Italy
| | | | - Vincent Artero
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux UMR-5250 17 rue des Martyrs F-38054 Grenoble France
| | - Keanu V A Birkelbach
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry ITMC Worringerweg 2 D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Niklas von Wolff
- Laboratoire d'Électrochimie Moléculaire, LEM UMR 7591, Université Paris Cité, CNRS F-75006 Paris France
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15
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Wen Y, Jiang D, Lai Z, Zeng X, Liu B, Xiao Y, Ruan W, Xiong K. Exploring the CO 2 Electrocatalysis Potential of 2D Metal-Organic Transition Metal-Hexahydroxytriquinoline Frameworks: A DFT Investigation. Molecules 2024; 29:2896. [PMID: 38930961 PMCID: PMC11206698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks have demonstrated great capacity in catalytic CO2 reduction due to their versatile pore structures, diverse active sites, and functionalization capabilities. In this study, a novel electrocatalytic framework for CO2 reduction was designed and implemented using 2D coordination network-type transition metal-hexahydroxytricyclic quinazoline (TM-HHTQ) materials. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to examine the binding energies between the HHTQ substrate and 10 single TM atoms, ranging from Sc to Zn, which revealed a stable distribution of metal atoms on the HHTQ substrate. The majority of the catalysts exhibited high selectivity for CO2 reduction, except for the Mn-HHTQ catalysts, which only exhibited selectivity at pH values above 4.183. Specifically, Ti and Cr primarily produced HCOOH, with corresponding 0.606 V and 0.236 V overpotentials. Vanadium produced CH4 as the main product with an overpotential of 0.675 V, while Fe formed HCHO with an overpotential of 0.342 V. Therefore, V, Cr, Fe, and Ti exhibit promising potential as electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction due to their favorable product selectivity and low overpotential. Cu mainly produces CH3OH as the primary product, with an overpotential of 0.96 V. Zn primarily produces CO with a relatively high overpotential of 1.046 V. In contrast, catalysts such as Sc, Mn, Ni, and Co, among others, produce multiple products simultaneously at the same rate-limiting step and potential threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wen
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China; (Y.W.); (D.J.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (W.R.)
| | - Daguo Jiang
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China; (Y.W.); (D.J.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (W.R.)
| | - Zhangli Lai
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China; (Y.W.); (D.J.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (W.R.)
| | - Xianshi Zeng
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China; (Y.W.); (D.J.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (W.R.)
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China; (Y.W.); (D.J.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (W.R.)
| | - Yanan Xiao
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China; (Y.W.); (D.J.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (W.R.)
| | - Wen Ruan
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an 343009, China; (Y.W.); (D.J.); (B.L.); (Y.X.); (W.R.)
| | - Kai Xiong
- Materials Genome Institute, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;
- Advanced Computing Center, Information Technology Center, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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16
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Cheon S, Li J, Wang H. In Situ Generated CO Enables High-Current CO 2 Reduction to Methanol in a Molecular Catalyst Layer. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16348-16354. [PMID: 38806413 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Molecular catalysts such as cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) exhibit remarkable electrochemical activity in methanol production from CO2 or CO, but fast conversion with a high current density is still yet to be realized. While adopting flow cells with gas diffusion electrodes is a common approach to enhanced reaction rates, the current scientific and engineering knowledge primarily centers on metal particle-based catalysts like Cu. This focus overlooks the emerging heterogenized molecular catalysts with distinct physical and chemical properties. In this work, we observe that the partial current density of CO reduction to methanol catalyzed by tetraamine-substituted CoPc (CoPc-NH2) supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) remains below 30 mA cm-2, even with systematic optimization of structural and operational parameters of the flow cell. A comparative analysis with a Cu metal catalyst reveals that the porous and electrolyte-philic nature of CoPc-NH2/CNT leaves a large fraction of active sites deprived of CO under reaction conditions. To address this microenvironmental challenge, we directly use CO2 as the reactant, leveraging its faster diffusion rate in water compared to CO. Effective CO2 reduction generates CO in situ to feed the catalytic sites, achieving an unprecedently high partial current density for methanol of 129 mA cm-2. This research underscores the necessity for new insights and approaches in the development of molecular catalyst-based electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonjeong Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Hailiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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17
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Shi C, Diment WT, Chen EYX. Closed-Loop Recycling of Mixed Plastics of Polyester and CO 2-Based Polycarbonate to a Single Monomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202405083. [PMID: 38837601 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Physical blending is an effective strategy for tailoring polymeric materials to specific application requirements. However, physically blended mixed plastics waste adds additional barriers in mechanical or chemical recycling. This difficulty arises from the intricate requirement for meticulous sorting and separation of the various polymers in the inherent incompatibility of mixed polymers during recycling. To overcome this impediment, this work furthers the emerging single-monomer - multiple-materials approach through the design of a bifunctional monomer that can not only orthogonally polymerize into two different types of polymers - specifically lactone-based polyester and CO2-based polycarbonate - but the resultant polymers and their mixture can also be depolymerized back to the single, original monomer when facilitated by catalysis. Specifically, the lactone/epoxide hybrid bifunctional monomer (BiLO) undergoes ring-opening polymerization through the lactone manifold to produce polyester, PE(BiLO), and is also applied to ring-opening copolymerization with CO2, via the epoxide manifold, to yield polycarbonate, PC(BiLO). Remarkably, a one-pot recycling process of a BiLO-derived PE/PC blend back to the constituent monomer BiLO in >99 % selectivity was achieved with a superbase catalyst at 150 °C, thereby effectively obviating the requirement for sorting and separation typically required for recycling of mixed polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1872, United States
| | - Wilfred T Diment
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1872, United States
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18
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Wolff S, Ponsonby A, Dallmann A, Herwig C, Beckmann F, Cula B, Limberg C. Appropriation of group II metals: synthesis and characterisation of the first alkaline earth metal supported transition metal carbonite complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5816-5819. [PMID: 38753303 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01682c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Nickel carbonite complexes supported by alkaline earth metals have been accessed via salt-metathesis of the corresponding alkali metal precursors. The new complexes undergo Schlenk-like exchange reactions in solution which have been investigated by NMR spectroscopy. Also their reactivity towards epoxides and carbon monoxide was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siad Wolff
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Annabelle Ponsonby
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - André Dallmann
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Herwig
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Fabian Beckmann
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Beatrice Cula
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Limberg
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Li XG, Li J, Chen J, Rao L, Zheng L, Yu F, Tang Y, Zheng J, Ma J. Porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks from design, synthesis to biological applications. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:2766-2785. [PMID: 38717456 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00214h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) constitute a class of highly functional porous materials composed of lightweight elements interconnected by covalent bonds, characterized by structural order, high crystallinity, and large specific surface area. The integration of naturally occurring porphyrin molecules, renowned for their inherent rigidity and conjugate planarity, as building blocks in COFs has garnered significant attention. This strategic incorporation addresses the limitations associated with free-standing porphyrins, resulting in the creation of well-organized porous crystal structures with molecular-level directional arrangements. The unique optical, electrical, and biochemical properties inherent to porphyrin molecules endow these COFs with diversified applications, particularly in the realm of biology. This review comprehensively explores the synthesis and modulation strategies employed in the development of porphyrin-based COFs and delves into their multifaceted applications in biological contexts. A chronological depiction of the evolution from design to application is presented, accompanied by an analysis of the existing challenges. Furthermore, this review offers directional guidance for the structural design of porphyrin-based COFs and underscores their promising prospects in the field of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Gui Li
- Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Junjian Li
- Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China.
| | - JinFeng Chen
- Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Liangmei Rao
- Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Libin Zheng
- Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Yijing Tang
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA.
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA.
| | - Jie Ma
- Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China.
- School of Civil Engineering, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China
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20
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Wei L, Guo Y, Li Z, Jiang H, Qi C. Silver-Catalyzed Coupling of Ethynylbenziodoxolones with CO 2 and Amines to Afford O-β-Oxoalkyl Carbamates. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38780900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A novel three-component coupling reaction of ethynylbenziodoxolones (EBXs) with CO2 and amines has been achieved via silver catalysis, thereby providing an efficient method for the construction of a range of structurally diverse and valuable O-β-oxoalkyl carbamates. The transformation proceeds under mild reaction conditions and exhibits a wide substrate scope and good functional group compatibility. In addition, this strategy could be extended to the synthesis of α-acyloxyketones using carboxylic acids as the nucleophiles to react with EBXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ziyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chaorong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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21
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Meng Y, Ying L, Tao Y, Ma L, Li B, Xing Y, Liu X, Ma Y, Wen X. DFT Study on Effect of Metal Type and Coordination Environment on CO 2 ECR to C 1 Products over M-N-C Catalysts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10663-10675. [PMID: 38718299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic reduction (ECR) of CO2 to chemical products is an important carbon emission reduction method. This work uses DFT to study the stability of N-doped graphene-supported four metal single-atom catalysts (M-N-C) and the effects of the coordination environment and metal centers on the selectivity of CO2 ECR to C1 products. The results show that Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu have good stability. The coordination environment has a significant modulating effect on product selectivity, and the change of the number of ligand nitrogen atoms will affect the size of the potential-limiting step of each product. When the number of nitrogen ligands is the same, the different metal centers of the M-N-C catalyst have a significant effect on the selectivity of different products. In addition, the introduction of nitrogen atom ligands can adjust the electronic structure of the graphene-supported metal center, increase the d-band center of most metals, and improve the reaction activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, P. R. China
| | - Linbin Ying
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, P. R. China
| | - Yani Tao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, P. R. China
| | - Liang Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, P. R. China
| | - Baoning Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xing
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P. R. China
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22
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Wang B, Cao X, Wang L, Meng X, Wang Y, Sun W. Co(II)-N4 Catalysts for the Coupling of CO 2 with Epoxides into Cyclic Carbonates: Catalytic Activity, Computational and Kinetic Studies. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9156-9163. [PMID: 38713454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized and characterized a series of cobalt(II) complexes bearing linear tetradentate N4 ligands. These Co(II)-N4 complexes proved to be efficient catalysts for the cycloaddition reaction between carbon dioxide and epoxides even at room temperature and 1 bar pressure of carbon dioxide without the need for solvents or cocatalysts. Furthermore, when combined with (triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium chloride (PPNCl) as a cocatalyst, the Co-N4 catalysts exhibited an impressive turnover frequency of up to 41,000 h-1 for coupling of epichlorohydrin/CO2. These Co(II)-N4 catalysts were found to have excellent stability and reusability, retaining their catalytic activity after they were recycled seven times. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided a comprehensive mechanism for the cycloaddition reaction, indicating that the rate-determining step is the epoxide ring opening, in both the presence and absence of PPNCl. Further kinetic studies allow us to determine the activation parameters (ΔH‡, ΔS‡, and ΔG‡ at 25 °C) of the coupling reaction using the Eyring equation. The Gibbs free activation energy obtained from the kinetic studies was in close agreement with that of the DFT calculations. The substituent effect on the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with various substituted styrene oxides was also examined for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xuanyu Cao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lixian Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiangyun Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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23
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Yang Q, Liu H, Lin Y, Su D, Tang Y, Chen L. Atomically Dispersed Metal Catalysts for the Conversion of CO 2 into High-Value C 2+ Chemicals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2310912. [PMID: 38762777 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into value-added chemicals with two or more carbons (C2+) is a promising strategy that cannot only mitigate anthropogenic CO2 emissions but also reduce the excessive dependence on fossil feedstocks. In recent years, atomically dispersed metal catalysts (ADCs), including single-atom catalysts (SACs), dual-atom catalysts (DACs), and single-cluster catalysts (SCCs), emerged as attractive candidates for CO2 fixation reactions due to their unique properties, such as the maximum utilization of active sites, tunable electronic structure, the efficient elucidation of catalytic mechanism, etc. This review provides an overview of significant progress in the synthesis and characterization of ADCs utilized in photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and thermocatalytic conversion of CO2 toward high-value C2+ compounds. To provide insights for designing efficient ADCs toward the C2+ chemical synthesis originating from CO2, the key factors that influence the catalytic activity and selectivity are highlighted. Finally, the relevant challenges and opportunities are discussed to inspire new ideas for the generation of CO2-based C2+ products over ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yichao Lin
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Desheng Su
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Tang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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24
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Ghoshal S, Sarkar P. First-Principles Insights into the Mechanism of CO 2 Hydrogenation Reactions by Fe-PNP Pincer Complex. Chemphyschem 2024:e202400425. [PMID: 38758533 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Using the state of the art theoretical methods, we have provided a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of the CO2 hydrogenation into HCOOH, H2CO, and CH3OH by 2,6-bis(diisopropylphosphinomethyl)pyridine (PNP)-ligated Fe pincer complex, featuring one CO and two H as co-ligands. For the computational investigation, a verified structural model containing methyl groups in place of the experimental isopropyl groups was used. Three catalytic conversions involving hydrogenation of CO2 into formic acid (HCOOH), HCOOH into formaldehyde and methanol were studied in different solvent medium. Our modelled complex appears to be a viable base-free catalyst for the conversion of CO2 into HCOOH and HCOOH into H2CO, based on the free energy profiles, which show apparent activation energy barriers of 16.28 kcal/mol and 23.63 kcal/mol for the CO2 to HCOOH and HCOOH to H2CO conversion, respectively. However, the computed results show that, due to the huge energy span of H2CO to CH3OH conversion, complete hydrogenation of CO2 into methanol could not occur under moderate conditions. Morpholine co-catalyst, which can lower the hydrogenation barrier by taking part in a simultaneous H-atom donation-acceptance process, could have assisted in completing this step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Ghoshal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235
| | - Pranab Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235
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25
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Wu AG, Ding J, Zhao L, Li HR, He LN. Hydroformylation of Olefins with CO 2/H 2 and Hydrosilane by Copper/Cobalt Tandem Catalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400608. [PMID: 38747335 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
A Cu/Co tandem catalysis protocol was developed to conduct the hydroformylation of olefins using CO2/H2 and PMHS (polymethylhydrosiloxane) as a readily available and environmentally friendly hydride source. This methodology was performed via a two-step approach consisting of the copper-catalyzed reduction of CO2 by hydrosilane and subsequent cobalt-promoted hydroformylation with H2 and the in situ formed CO. The optimized triphos oxide ligand, which presumably facilitates the migratory insertion of CO gives moderate to excellent yields for both terminal and internal alkenes. This earth-abundant metal catalysis provides a reliable and efficient way to afford useful aldehydes in industry using silicon by-product PMHS as hydrogen source and renewable CO2 as carbonyl source.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Guo Wu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Nian He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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26
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Poon KC, Smith ML, Williams CK. Controlled Carbon Dioxide Terpolymerizations to Deliver Toughened yet Recyclable Thermoplastics. Macromolecules 2024; 57:4199-4207. [PMID: 38765502 PMCID: PMC11100004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.4c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Using CO2 polycarbonates as engineering thermoplastics has been limited by their mechanical performances, particularly their brittleness. Poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) has a high tensile strength (40 MPa) but is very brittle (elongation at break <3%), which limits both its processing and applications. Here, well-defined, high molar mass CO2 terpolymers are prepared from cyclohexene oxide (CHO), cyclopentene oxide (CPO), and CO2 by using a Zn(II)Mg(II) catalyst. In the catalysis, CHO and CPO show reactivity ratios of 1.53 and 0.08 with CO2, respectively; as such, the terpolymers have gradient structures. The poly(cyclohexene carbonate)-grad-poly(cyclopentene carbonate) (PCHC-grad-PCPC) have high molar masses (86 < Mn < 164 kg mol-1, ĐM < 1.22) and good thermal stability (Td > 250 °C). All the polymers are amorphous with a single, high glass transition temperature (96 < Tg < 108 °C). The polymer entanglement molar masses, determined using dynamic mechanical analyses, range from 4 < Me < 23 kg mol-1 depending on the polymer composition (PCHC:PCPC). These polymers show superior mechanical performance to PCHC; specifically the lead material (PCHC0.28-grad-PCPC0.72) shows 25% greater tensile strength and 160% higher tensile toughness. These new plastics are recycled, using cycles of reprocessing by compression molding (150 °C, 1.2 ton m-2, 60 min), four times without any loss in mechanical properties. They are also efficiently chemically recycled to selectively yield the two epoxide monomers, CHO and CPO, as well as carbon dioxide, with high activity (TOF = 270-1653 h-1, 140 °C, 120 min). The isolated recycled monomers are repolymerized to form thermoplastic showing the same material properties. The findings highlight the benefits of the terpolymer strategy to deliver thermoplastics combining the beneficial low entanglement molar mass, high glass transition temperatures, and tensile strengths; PCHC properties are significantly improved by incorporating small quantities (23 mol %) of cyclopentene carbonate linkages. The general strategy of designing terpolymers to include chain segments of low entanglement molar mass may help to toughen other brittle and renewably sourced plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kam C. Poon
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine L. Smith
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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27
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Tangyen N, Natongchai W, D’Elia V. Catalytic Strategies for the Cycloaddition of CO 2 to Epoxides in Aqueous Media to Enhance the Activity and Recyclability of Molecular Organocatalysts. Molecules 2024; 29:2307. [PMID: 38792168 PMCID: PMC11124216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides to afford versatile and useful cyclic carbonate compounds is a highly investigated method for the nonreductive upcycling of CO2. One of the main focuses of the current research in this area is the discovery of readily available, sustainable, and inexpensive catalysts, and of catalytic methodologies that allow their seamless solvent-free recycling. Water, often regarded as an undesirable pollutant in the cycloaddition process, is progressively emerging as a helpful reaction component. On the one hand, it serves as an inexpensive hydrogen bond donor (HBD) to enhance the performance of ionic compounds; on the other hand, aqueous media allow the development of diverse catalytic protocols that can boost catalytic performance or ease the recycling of molecular catalysts. An overview of the advances in the use of aqueous and biphasic aqueous systems for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides is provided in this work along with recommendations for possible future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valerio D’Elia
- VISTEC Advanced Laboratory for Environment-Related Inorganic and Organic Syntheses, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Wangchan, Thailand; (N.T.); (W.N.)
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28
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Zhang K, Xu C, Zhang X, Huang Z, Pian Q, Che K, Cui X, Hu Y, Xuan Y. Structural Heredity in Catalysis: CO 2 Self-Selective CeO 2 Nanocrystals for Efficient Photothermal CO 2 Hydrogenation to Methane. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308823. [PMID: 38102099 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The chemical inertness of CO2 molecules makes their adsorption and activation on a catalyst surface one of the key challenges in recycling CO2 into chemical fuels. However, the traditional template synthesis and chemical modification strategies used to tackle this problem face severe structural collapse and modifier deactivation issues during the often-needed post-processing procedure. Herein, a CO2 self-selective hydrothermal growth strategy is proposed for the synthesis of CeO2 octahedral nanocrystals that participate in strong physicochemical interactions with CO2 molecules. The intense affinity for CO2 molecules persists during successive high-temperature treatments required for Ni deposition. This demonstrates the excellent structural heredity of the CO2 self-selective CeO2 nanocrystals, which leads to an outstanding photothermal CH4 productivity exceeding 9 mmol h-1 mcat -2 and an impressive selectivity of >99%. The excellent performance is correlated with the abundant oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl species on the CeO2 surface, which create many frustrated Lewis-pair active sites, and the strong interaction between Ni and CeO2 that promotes the dissociation of H2 molecules and the spillover of H atoms, thereby greatly benefitting the photothermal CO2 methanation reaction. This self-selective hydrothermal growth strategy represents a new pathway for the development of effective catalysts for targeted chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
- Key Laboratory of Thermal Management and Energy Utilization of Aviation Vehicles, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Cuiping Xu
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Xingjian Zhang
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Zhiyi Huang
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Qixiang Pian
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Kunhong Che
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Xiaokun Cui
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Yueru Hu
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Yimin Xuan
- College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
- Key Laboratory of Thermal Management and Energy Utilization of Aviation Vehicles, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing, 210016, China
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29
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Vogt ETC, Weckhuysen BM. The refinery of the future. Nature 2024; 629:295-306. [PMID: 38720037 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Fossil fuels-coal, oil and gas-supply most of the world's energy and also form the basis of many products essential for everyday life. Their use is the largest contributor to the carbon dioxide emissions that drive global climate change, prompting joint efforts to find renewable alternatives that might enable a carbon-neutral society by as early as 2050. There are clear paths for renewable electricity to replace fossil-fuel-based energy, but the transport fuels and chemicals produced in oil refineries will still be needed. We can attempt to close the carbon cycle associated with their use by electrifying refinery processes and by changing the raw materials that go into a refinery from fossils fuels to carbon dioxide for making hydrocarbon fuels and to agricultural and municipal waste for making chemicals and polymers. We argue that, with sufficient long-term commitment and support, the science and technology for such a completely fossil-free refinery, delivering the products required after 2050 (less fuels, more chemicals), could be developed. This future refinery will require substantially larger areas and greater mineral resources than is the case at present and critically depends on the capacity to generate large amounts of renewable energy for hydrogen production and carbon dioxide capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eelco T C Vogt
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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30
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Sun H, Liu JY. A feasible strategy for designing cytochrome P450-mimic sandwich-like single-atom nanozymes toward electrochemical CO 2 conversion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 661:482-492. [PMID: 38308888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide electroreduction (CO2ER) presents a promising strategy for environmentally friendly CO2 utilization due to its low energy consumption. Single-atom nanozymes (SANs), amalgamating the benefits of single-atom catalysts and nanozymes, have become a hot topic in catalysis. Inspired by the intricate structure of cytochrome P450, we designed 81 sandwich-like SANs using Group-VIII transition metals (TMN4-S-TM'N4) and evaluated their performance in CO2ER using density functional theory (DFT). Our investigation revealed that most SANs display superior catalytic activity and improved specific product selectivity in comparison to the Cu (211) surface. Notably, IrN4-S-TMN4 (TM = Co, Rh, Pd) exhibited selective CO2 reduction to CO with remarkable limiting potentials (UL) of -0.11, -0.07, and -0.09 V, respectively, demonstrating potential as artificial CO dehydrogenases. Furthermore, RuN4-S-RuN4 exhibited formate dehydrogenase-like activity, resulting in selective production of HCOOH at a UL of -0.10 V. Machine learning analysis elucidated that the exceptional activity and selectivity of these SANs stemmed from precise modulation of electron density on sulfur atoms, achieved by varying transition metals in the subsurface. Our research not only identifies exceptional SANs for CO2ER but also provides insights into innovative methods for regulating non-bonding interactions and achieving sustainable CO2 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Yao Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Shaw WJ, Kidder MK, Bare SR, Delferro M, Morris JR, Toma FM, Senanayake SD, Autrey T, Biddinger EJ, Boettcher S, Bowden ME, Britt PF, Brown RC, Bullock RM, Chen JG, Daniel C, Dorhout PK, Efroymson RA, Gaffney KJ, Gagliardi L, Harper AS, Heldebrant DJ, Luca OR, Lyubovsky M, Male JL, Miller DJ, Prozorov T, Rallo R, Rana R, Rioux RM, Sadow AD, Schaidle JA, Schulte LA, Tarpeh WA, Vlachos DG, Vogt BD, Weber RS, Yang JY, Arenholz E, Helms BA, Huang W, Jordahl JL, Karakaya C, Kian KC, Kothandaraman J, Lercher J, Liu P, Malhotra D, Mueller KT, O'Brien CP, Palomino RM, Qi L, Rodriguez JA, Rousseau R, Russell JC, Sarazen ML, Sholl DS, Smith EA, Stevens MB, Surendranath Y, Tassone CJ, Tran B, Tumas W, Walton KS. A US perspective on closing the carbon cycle to defossilize difficult-to-electrify segments of our economy. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:376-400. [PMID: 38693313 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Electrification to reduce or eliminate greenhouse gas emissions is essential to mitigate climate change. However, a substantial portion of our manufacturing and transportation infrastructure will be difficult to electrify and/or will continue to use carbon as a key component, including areas in aviation, heavy-duty and marine transportation, and the chemical industry. In this Roadmap, we explore how multidisciplinary approaches will enable us to close the carbon cycle and create a circular economy by defossilizing these difficult-to-electrify areas and those that will continue to need carbon. We discuss two approaches for this: developing carbon alternatives and improving our ability to reuse carbon, enabled by separations. Furthermore, we posit that co-design and use-driven fundamental science are essential to reach aggressive greenhouse gas reduction targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy J Shaw
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | | | - Simon R Bare
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Francesca M Toma
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Institute of Functional Materials for Sustainability, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, Teltow, Brandenburg, Germany.
| | | | - Tom Autrey
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Shannon Boettcher
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mark E Bowden
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Robert C Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Jingguang G Chen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Peter K Dorhout
- Vice President for Research, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aaron S Harper
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - David J Heldebrant
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Oana R Luca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Jonathan L Male
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Rallo
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Rachita Rana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Rioux
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Aaron D Sadow
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Lisa A Schulte
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - William A Tarpeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dionisios G Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Bryan D Vogt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Robert S Weber
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jenny Y Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Elke Arenholz
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Brett A Helms
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wenyu Huang
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - James L Jordahl
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Kourosh Cyrus Kian
- Independent consultant, Washington DC, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Johannes Lercher
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ping Liu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | | | - Karl T Mueller
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Casey P O'Brien
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | - Long Qi
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Jake C Russell
- Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy, Department of Energy, Washington DC, USA
| | - Michele L Sarazen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Emily A Smith
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Yogesh Surendranath
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ba Tran
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - William Tumas
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Krista S Walton
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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32
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Yao C, Gonçalves TP, Wang X, Luo L, Huang KW. Ligand-Dominated Activation of CO 2 and CS 2 by the Putative Nickel Phosphiniminato Intermediates. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7820-7827. [PMID: 38630579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Room-temperature photoactivation of the first- and second-generation PN3P-pincer nickel azido complexes 1a and 1b in the presence of CO2 or CS2 afforded N-bound carbamates, dithiocarbamates, and isothiocyanates, providing insights into CO2 and CS2 activation and demonstrating how a seemingly small difference in the ligand structure significantly influences the reactivity. Theoretical calculations disclosed that the charge of the phosphorus atom plays a critical role in determining the nitrogen atom transfer to form a plausible nickel phosphiniminato intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changguang Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Théo P Gonçalves
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiufang Wang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lun Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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33
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Beck A, Newton MA, van de Water LGA, van Bokhoven JA. The Enigma of Methanol Synthesis by Cu/ZnO/Al 2O 3-Based Catalysts. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4543-4678. [PMID: 38564235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The activity and durability of the Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA) catalyst formulation for methanol synthesis from CO/CO2/H2 feeds far exceed the sum of its individual components. As such, this ternary catalytic system is a prime example of synergy in catalysis, one that has been employed for the large scale commercial production of methanol since its inception in the mid 1960s with precious little alteration to its original formulation. Methanol is a key building block of the chemical industry. It is also an attractive energy storage molecule, which can also be produced from CO2 and H2 alone, making efficient use of sequestered CO2. As such, this somewhat unusual catalyst formulation has an enormous role to play in the modern chemical industry and the world of global economics, to which the correspondingly voluminous and ongoing research, which began in the 1920s, attests. Yet, despite this commercial success, and while research aimed at understanding how this formulation functions has continued throughout the decades, a comprehensive and universally agreed upon understanding of how this material achieves what it does has yet to be realized. After nigh on a century of research into CZA catalysts, the purpose of this Review is to appraise what has been achieved to date, and to show how, and how far, the field has evolved. To do so, this Review evaluates the research regarding this catalyst formulation in a chronological order and critically assesses the validity and novelty of various hypotheses and claims that have been made over the years. Ultimately, the Review attempts to derive a holistic summary of what the current body of literature tells us about the fundamental sources of the synergies at work within the CZA catalyst and, from this, suggest ways in which the field may yet be further advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Beck
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mark A Newton
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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34
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Lu Z, Cooney SE, McKone JR, Matson EM. Selective Hydrogenation of Azobenzene to Hydrazobenzene via Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer from a Polyoxotungstate Cluster. JACS AU 2024; 4:1310-1314. [PMID: 38665657 PMCID: PMC11041919 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In this report, we describe proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactivity at the surface of the Keggin-type polyoxotungstate cluster [nBu4N]3[PWVI12O40] (PW12) in acetonitrile. Bond dissociation free energies (BDFEs) of the O-H groups generated upon reduction of PW12 in the presence of acid are determined through the construction of a potential-pKa diagram. The surface O-H bonds are found to be weak (BDFE(O-H)avg < 48 kcal mol-1), comparable to the BDFE of H2. This is consistent with the observed formation of H2 upon addition of a suitably strong organic acid, H2NPh2+ (pKa MeCN = 5.98), to the reduced form of the cluster. The one-electron reduced form of PW12 is isolated and used in conjunction with acid to realize the stoichiometric semihydrogenation of azobenzene via PCET from the surface of the reduced cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Shannon E. Cooney
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - James R. McKone
- Departments
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ellen M. Matson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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35
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Mukhopadhyay S, Naeem MS, Shiva Shanker G, Ghatak A, Kottaichamy AR, Shimoni R, Avram L, Liberman I, Balilty R, Ifraemov R, Rozenberg I, Shalom M, López N, Hod I. Local CO 2 reservoir layer promotes rapid and selective electrochemical CO 2 reduction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3397. [PMID: 38649389 PMCID: PMC11035706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction in aqueous electrolytes is a promising route to produce added-value chemicals and decrease carbon emissions. However, even in Gas-Diffusion Electrode devices, low aqueous CO2 solubility limits catalysis rate and selectivity. Here, we demonstrate that when assembled over a heterogeneous electrocatalyst, a film of nitrile-modified Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) acts as a remarkable CO2-solvation layer that increases its local concentration by ~27-fold compared to bulk electrolyte, reaching 0.82 M. When mounted on a Bi catalyst in a Gas Diffusion Electrode, the MOF drastically improves CO2-to-HCOOH conversion, reaching above 90% selectivity and partial HCOOH currents of 166 mA/cm2 (at -0.9 V vs RHE). The MOF also facilitates catalysis through stabilization of reaction intermediates, as identified by operando infrared spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory. Hence, the presented strategy provides new molecular means to enhance heterogeneous electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction, leading it closer to the requirements for practical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Muhammad Saad Naeem
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Pl. Imperial Tarraco 1, 43005, Tarragona, Spain
| | - G Shiva Shanker
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Arnab Ghatak
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Alagar R Kottaichamy
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Ran Shimoni
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Itamar Liberman
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Rotem Balilty
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Raya Ifraemov
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Illya Rozenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Núria López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Idan Hod
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel.
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36
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Eisenhardt KS, Fiorentini F, Lindeboom W, Williams CK. Quantifying CO 2 Insertion Equilibria for Low-Pressure Propene Oxide and Carbon Dioxide Ring Opening Copolymerization Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10451-10464. [PMID: 38589774 PMCID: PMC11027146 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
While outstanding catalysts are known for the ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of CO2 and propene oxide (PO), few are reported at low CO2 pressure. Here, a new series of Co(III)M(I) heterodinuclear catalysts are compared. The Co(III)K(I) complex shows the best activity (TOF = 1728 h-1) and selectivity (>90% polymer, >99% CO2) and is highly effective at low pressures (<10 bar). CO2 insertion is a prerate determining chemical equilibrium step. At low pressures, the concentration of the active catalyst depends on CO2 pressure; above 12 bar, its concentration is saturated, and rates are independent of pressure, allowing the equilibrium constant to be quantified for the first time (Keq = 1.27 M-1). A unified rate law, applicable under all operating conditions, is presented. As proof of potential, published data for leading literature catalysts are reinterpreted and the CO2 equilibrium constants estimated, showing that this unified rate law applies to other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina
H. S. Eisenhardt
- Department Chemistry, University
of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Francesca Fiorentini
- Department Chemistry, University
of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Wouter Lindeboom
- Department Chemistry, University
of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department Chemistry, University
of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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37
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O'Brien CP, Miao RK, Shayesteh Zeraati A, Lee G, Sargent EH, Sinton D. CO 2 Electrolyzers. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3648-3693. [PMID: 38518224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
CO2 electrolyzers have progressed rapidly in energy efficiency and catalyst selectivity toward valuable chemical feedstocks and fuels, such as syngas, ethylene, ethanol, and methane. However, each component within these complex systems influences the overall performance, and the further advances needed to realize commercialization will require an approach that considers the whole process, with the electrochemical cell at the center. Beyond the cell boundaries, the electrolyzer must integrate with upstream CO2 feeds and downstream separation processes in a way that minimizes overall product energy intensity and presents viable use cases. Here we begin by describing upstream CO2 sources, their energy intensities, and impurities. We then focus on the cell, the most common CO2 electrolyzer system architectures, and each component within these systems. We evaluate the energy savings and the feasibility of alternative approaches including integration with CO2 capture, direct conversion of flue gas and two-step conversion via carbon monoxide. We evaluate pathways that minimize downstream separations and produce concentrated streams compatible with existing sectors. Applying this comprehensive upstream-to-downstream approach, we highlight the most promising routes, and outlook, for electrochemical CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin P O'Brien
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Rui Kai Miao
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Ali Shayesteh Zeraati
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Geonhui Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
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38
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Wu J, Niu J, Hou L, Cheng S, Xie R, Zhu N. Highly Efficient Thiolate-Based Ionic Liquid Catalysts for Reduction of CO 2: Selective N-Functionalization of Amines to Form N-Formamides and N-Methylamines. Chemistry 2024:e202304315. [PMID: 38581408 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Developing efficient catalysts to convert CO2 into value-added chemicals is valuable for reducing carbon emissions. Herein, a kind of novel thiolate-based ionic liquid with sulfur as the active site was designed and synthesized, which served as highly efficient catalyst for the reductive N-functionalization of CO2 by amines and hydrosilane. By adjusting the CO2 pressure, various N-formamides and N-methylamines were selectively obtained in high yields. Remarkably, at the catalyst loading of 0.1 mol %, the N-formylation reaction of N-methylaniline exhibited an impressive turnover frequency (TOF) up to 600 h-1, which could be attributed to the roles of the ionic liquids in activating hydrosilane and amine. In addition, control experiments and NMR monitoring experiments provided evidence that the reduction of CO2 by hydrosilane yielded formoxysilane intermediates that subsequently reacted with amines to form N-formylated products. Alternatively, the formoxysilane intermediates could further react with hydrosilane and amine to produce 4-electron-reduced aminal products. These aminal products served as crucial intermediates in the N-methylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization at, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for CO2 Capture and Utilization, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Junping Niu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization at, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for CO2 Capture and Utilization, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Lu Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization at, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for CO2 Capture and Utilization, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Siliu Cheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization at, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for CO2 Capture and Utilization, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Ruijun Xie
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization at, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for CO2 Capture and Utilization, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization at, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for CO2 Capture and Utilization, Aimin street 49, 010051, Xincheng District, Hohhot, P. R. China
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Jiao L, Mao C, Xu F, Cheng X, Cui P, Wang X, Yang L, Wu Q, Hu Z. Constructing Gold Single-Atom Catalysts on Hierarchical Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanocages for Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction to Syngas. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305513. [PMID: 38032150 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Precious-metal single-atom catalysts (SACs), featured by high metal utilization and unique coordination structure for catalysis, demonstrate distinctive performances in the fields of heterogeneous and electrochemical catalysis. Herein, gold SACs are constructed on hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages (hNCNC) via a simple impregnation-drying process and first exploited for electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) to produce syngas. The as-constructed Au SAC exhibits the high mass activity of 3319 A g-1 Au at -1.0 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE), much superior to the Au nanoparticles supported on hNCNC. The ratio of H2/CO can be conveniently regulated in the range of 0.4-2.2 by changing the applied potential. Theoretical study indicates such a potential-dependent H2/CO ratio is attributed to the different responses of HER and CO2RR on Au single-atom sites coordinating with one N atom at the edges of micropores across the nanocage shells. The catalytic mechanism of the Au active sites is associated with the smooth switch between twofold and fourfold coordination during CO2RR, which much decreases the free energy changes of the rate-determining steps and promotes the reaction activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenghui Mao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fengfei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xueyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peixin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xizhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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40
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Wang W, Zhang X, Weng S, Peng C. Tuning Catalytic Activity of CO 2 Hydrogenation to C1 Product via Metal Support Interaction Over Metal/Metal Oxide Supported Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400104. [PMID: 38546355 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The metal supported catalysts are emerging catalysts that are receiving a lot of attention in CO2 hydrogenation to C1 products. Numerous experiments have demonstrated that the support (usually an oxide) is crucial for the catalytic performance. The support metal oxides are used to aid in the homogeneous dispersion of metal particles, prevent agglomeration, and control morphology owing to the metal support interaction (MSI). MSI can efficiently optimize the structural and electronic properties of catalysts and tune the conversion of key reaction intermediates involved in CO2 hydrogenation, thereby enhancing the catalytic performance. There is an increasing attention is being paid to the promotion effects in the catalytic CO2 hydrogenation process. However, a systematically understanding about the effects of MSI on CO2 hydrogenation to C1 products catalytic performance has not been fully studied yet due to the diversities in catalysts and reaction conditions. Hence, the characteristics and modes of MSI in CO2 hydrogenation to C1 products are elaborated in detail in our work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Chemistry, School of MinNan Science, Technology University, Quanzhou, 362332, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Sinochem Quanzhou Petrochemical Co., LTD., Quanzhou, 362100, China
| | - Shujia Weng
- School of Life Sciences and Chemistry, School of MinNan Science, Technology University, Quanzhou, 362332, China
| | - Chong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Advanced Applied Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
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41
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Tang S, Lin BL, Tonks I, Eagan JM, Ni X, Nozaki K. Sustainable Copolymer Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide and Butadiene. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3590-3607. [PMID: 38478849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) has long been recognized as an ideal C1 feedstock comonomer for producing sustainable materials because it is renewable, abundant, and cost-effective. However, activating CO2 presents a significant challenge because it is highly oxidized and stable. A CO2/butadiene-derived δ-valerolactone (EVP), generated via palladium-catalyzed telomerization between CO2 and butadiene, has emerged as an attractive intermediate for producing sustainable copolymers from CO2 and butadiene. Owing to the presence of two active carbon-carbon double bonds and a lactone unit, EVP serves as a versatile intermediate for creating sustainable copolymers with a CO2 content of up to 29 wt % (33 mol %). In this Review, advances in the synthesis of copolymers from CO2 and butadiene with divergent structures through various polymerization protocols have been summarized. Achievements made in homo- and copolymerization of EVP or its derivatives are comprehensively reviewed, while the postmodification of the obtained copolymers to access new polymers are also discussed. Meanwhile, potential applications of the obtained copolymers are also discussed. The literature references were sorted into sections based on polymerization strategies and mechanisms, facilitating readers in gaining a comprehensive view of the present chemistry landscape and inspiring innovative approaches to synthesizing novel CO2-derived copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Tang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bo-Lin Lin
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ian Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - James M Eagan
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United State
| | - Xufeng Ni
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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42
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Huang JE, Chen Y, Ou P, Ding X, Yan Y, Dorakhan R, Lum Y, Li XY, Bai Y, Wu C, Fan M, Lee MG, Miao RK, Liu Y, O'Brien C, Zhang J, Tian C, Liang Y, Xu Y, Luo M, Sinton D, Sargent EH. Selective Electrified Propylene-to-Propylene Glycol Oxidation on Activated Rh-Doped Pd. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8641-8649. [PMID: 38470826 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Renewable-energy-powered electrosynthesis has the potential to contribute to decarbonizing the production of propylene glycol, a chemical that is used currently in the manufacture of polyesters and antifreeze and has a high carbon intensity. Unfortunately, to date, the electrooxidation of propylene under ambient conditions has suffered from a wide product distribution, leading to a low faradic efficiency toward the desired propylene glycol. We undertook mechanistic investigations and found that the reconstruction of Pd to PdO occurs, followed by hydroxide formation under anodic bias. The formation of this metastable hydroxide layer arrests the progressive dissolution of Pd in a locally acidic environment, increases the activity, and steers the reaction pathway toward propylene glycol. Rh-doped Pd further improves propylene glycol selectivity. Density functional theory (DFT) suggests that the Rh dopant lowers the energy associated with the production of the final intermediate in propylene glycol formation and renders the desorption step spontaneous, a concept consistent with experimental studies. We report a 75% faradic efficiency toward propylene glycol maintained over 100 h of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Erick Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Yiqing Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Pengfei Ou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Xueda Ding
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Roham Dorakhan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Yanwei Lum
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Chengqian Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Mengyang Fan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Mi Gyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Kai Miao
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Yanjiang Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Colin O'Brien
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Cong Tian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Yongxiang Liang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Mingchuan Luo
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
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43
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Lee M, Oh KR, Cha GY, Jeong SM, Lee SK, Hwang YK. Immobilization of Silver(I) Ions on Amino-Functionalized Chromium(III) Terephthalate with Organophosphine and its C-H Carboxylation of a Heteroaromatic Compound. Chempluschem 2024:e202400096. [PMID: 38523300 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
A newly designed heterogenized catalyst that incorporates silver(I) ions with 2-(dicyclohexylphosphaneyl)acetaldehyde (PCy2 aldehyde) into amino-functionalized chromium(III) terephthalate is developed. Silver(I) ions were robustly immobilized on the amino-functionalized chromium(III) terephthalate, which contains an imine bond formed by the reaction with PCy2 aldehyde. The Ag(I) ion is coordinated with the phosphine in the imine group to create MIL-101-AP(Ag). Characterizations were carefully carried out according to the synthetic steps. The catalytic performance of MIL-101-AP(Ag) was evaluated through the C-H carboxylation of thiophene-2-carbonitrile, achieving a 10 % yield with a turnover number of 1.0. The recyclability of the MIL-101-AP(Ag) catalyst was successfully demonstrated with five cycle, with no loss in activity and selectivity observed. This approach, which involves the formation of an imine bond to facilitate silver loading with phosphine on amino-functionalized MIL-101(Cr), exhibits significant potential for both CO2 fixation and C-H carboxylation, thereby highlighting the modified material's promise as a sustainable catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Lee
- Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ryul Oh
- Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Young Cha
- Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Min Jeong
- Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyung Lee
- Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyu Hwang
- Green Carbon Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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44
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Shi W, Qiao C, Benet-Buchholz J, Kleij AW. Catalytic Domino Three-Component Synthesis of Functionalized Heterocycles from Carbon Dioxide. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301626. [PMID: 38109072 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A catalytic domino, three-component reaction has been developed for the transformation of carbon dioxide into functionalized six-membered cyclic carbonates. The catalytic process combines an initial carboxylative cyclization of β-epoxy alcohols followed by an oxa-Michael reaction affording an unparalleled scope of heterocyclic structures. The wide range of functional groups, including free-alcohols, empowers the access to a range of products including C11-oxo-based bicyclic heterocycles. The versatility of these functionalized carbonates is further complemented by a series of synthetic diversifications. Control experiments are consistent with the first step of this domino process being promoted by a binary Lewis acid/base catalyst, while the second stage only requires catalytic base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyu Shi
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 -, Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Chang Qiao
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 -, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 -, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 -, Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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45
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Mancuso F, Fornasiero P, Prato M, Melchionna M, Franco F, Filippini G. Nanostructured electrocatalysts for organic synthetic transformations. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5926-5940. [PMID: 38441238 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06669j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Organic chemists have made and are still making enormous efforts toward the development of novel green catalytic synthesis. The necessity arises from the imperative of safeguarding human health and the environment, while ensuring efficient and sustainable chemical production. Within this context, electrocatalysis provides a framework for the design of new organic reactions under mild conditions. Undoubtedly, nanostructured materials are under the spotlight as the most popular and in most cases efficient platforms for advanced organic electrosynthesis. This Minireview focuses on the recent developments in the use of nanostructured electrocatalysts, highlighting the correlation between their chemical structures and resulting catalytic abilities, and pointing to future perspectives for their application in cutting-edge areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mancuso
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
- Center for Energy, Environment and Transport Giacomo Ciamician and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science Ikerbasque, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
- Center for Energy, Environment and Transport Giacomo Ciamician and ICCOM-CNR Trieste Research Unit University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Federico Franco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Filippini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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46
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Zhao Y, Zhang X, Li Z, Li Z, Tang S. Functional and Degradable Polyester- co-polyethers from CO 2, Butadiene, and Epoxides. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:315-321. [PMID: 38382063 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2), as a renewable and nontoxic C1 feedstock, has been recognized as an ideal comonomer to prepare sustainable materials. In this regard, substantial focus has been dedicated to the ring-opening copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides, which results in the creation of aliphatic polycarbonates in most cases. Here, we report an unprecedented strategy to synthesize functional and degradable polyester-co-polyethers from CO2, butadiene, and epoxides via a CO2/butadiene-derived δ-valerolactone intermediate (EVP). Utilizing a chromium salen complex as the catalyst, the copolymerization of EVP and epoxides was successfully achieved to produce CO2/butadiene/epoxide terpolymers. The obtained polyester-co-polyethers with varied 39-93 mol % EVP content (equal to 18-28 wt % CO2 incorporation) show high thermal stability, tunable glass-transition temperatures, on-demand functionality, and good chemical degradability. This method extends the potential to access functional CO2-based polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhaokun Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shan Tang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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47
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Hernandez F, Yang M, Nagelj N, Lee AY, Noh H, Hur KP, Fu X, Savoie CJ, Schwartzberg AM, Olshansky JH. The role of surface functionalization in quantum dot-based photocatalytic CO 2 reduction: balancing efficiency and stability. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38414382 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06177a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction offers a promising strategy to produce hydrocarbons without reliance on fossil fuels. Visible light-absorbing colloidal nanomaterials composed of earth-abundant metals suspended in aqueous media are particularly attractive owing to their low-cost, ease of separation, and highly modifiable surfaces. The current study explores such a system by employing water-soluble ZnSe quantum dots and a Co-based molecular catalyst. Water solubilization of the quantum dots is achieved with either carboxylate (3-mercaptopropionic acid) or ammonium (2-aminoethanethiol) functionalized ligands to produce nanoparticles with either negatively or positively-charged surfaces. Photocatalysis experiments are performed to compare the effectiveness of these two surface functionalization strategies on CO2 reduction and ultrafast spectroscopy is used to reveal the underlying photoexcited charge dynamics. We find that the positively-charged quantum dots can support sub-picosecond electron transfer to the carboxylate-based molecular catalyst and also produce >30% selectivity for CO and >170 mmolCO gZnSe-1. However, aggregation reduces activity in approximately one day. In contrast, the negatively-charged quantum dots exhibit >10 ps electron transfer and substantially lower CO selectivity, but they are colloidally stable for days. These results highlight the importance of the quantum dot-catalyst interaction for CO2 reduction. Furthermore, multi-dentate catalyst molecules create a trade-off between photocatalytic efficiency from strong interactions and deleterious aggregation of quantum dot-catalyst assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | - Maggie Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | - Nejc Nagelj
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | - Autumn Y Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | - Hasun Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | - Kyle P Hur
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | - Xinyu Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | - Caleb J Savoie
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
| | - Adam M Schwartzberg
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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48
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Landaeta VR, Horsley Downie TM, Wolf R. Low-Valent Transition Metalate Anions in Synthesis, Small Molecule Activation, and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1323-1463. [PMID: 38354371 PMCID: PMC10906008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This review surveys the synthesis and reactivity of low-oxidation state metalate anions of the d-block elements, with an emphasis on contributions reported between 2006 and 2022. Although the field has a long and rich history, the chemistry of transition metalate anions has been greatly enhanced in the last 15 years by the application of advanced concepts in complex synthesis and ligand design. In recent years, the potential of highly reactive metalate complexes in the fields of small molecule activation and homogeneous catalysis has become increasingly evident. Consequently, exciting applications in small molecule activation have been developed, including in catalytic transformations. This article intends to guide the reader through the fascinating world of low-valent transition metalates. The first part of the review describes the synthesis and reactivity of d-block metalates stabilized by an assortment of ligand frameworks, including carbonyls, isocyanides, alkenes and polyarenes, phosphines and phosphorus heterocycles, amides, and redox-active nitrogen-based ligands. Thereby, the reader will be familiarized with the impact of different ligand types on the physical and chemical properties of metalates. In addition, ion-pairing interactions and metal-metal bonding may have a dramatic influence on metalate structures and reactivities. The complex ramifications of these effects are examined in a separate section. The second part of the review is devoted to the reactivity of the metalates toward small inorganic molecules such as H2, N2, CO, CO2, P4 and related species. It is shown that the use of highly electron-rich and reactive metalates in small molecule activation translates into impressive catalytic properties in the hydrogenation of organic molecules and the reduction of N2, CO, and CO2. The results discussed in this review illustrate that the potential of transition metalate anions is increasingly being tapped for challenging catalytic processes with relevance to organic synthesis and energy conversion. Therefore, it is hoped that this review will serve as a useful resource to inspire further developments in this dynamic research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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49
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Palomar J, Lemus J, Navarro P, Moya C, Santiago R, Hospital-Benito D, Hernández E. Process Simulation and Optimization on Ionic Liquids. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1649-1737. [PMID: 38320111 PMCID: PMC10906004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising alternative compounds that enable the development of technologies based on their unique properties as solvents or catalysts. These technologies require integrated product and process designs to select ILs with optimal process performances at an industrial scale to promote cost-effective and sustainable technologies. The digital era and multiscale research methodologies have changed the paradigm from experiment-oriented to hybrid experimental-computational developments guided by process engineering. This Review summarizes the relevant contributions (>300 research papers) of process simulations to advance IL-based technology developments by guiding experimental research efforts and enhancing industrial transferability. Robust simulation methodologies, mostly based on predictive COSMO-SAC/RS and UNIFAC models in Aspen Plus software, were applied to analyze key IL applications: physical and chemical CO2 capture, CO2 conversion, gas separation, liquid-liquid extraction, extractive distillation, refrigeration cycles, and biorefinery. The contributions concern the IL selection criteria, operational unit design, equipment sizing, technoeconomic and environmental analyses, and process optimization to promote the competitiveness of the proposed IL-based technologies. Process simulation revealed that multiscale research strategies enable advancement in the technological development of IL applications by focusing research efforts to overcome the limitations and exploit the excellent properties of ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Palomar
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Autonomous University
of Madrid, Calle Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Lemus
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Autonomous University
of Madrid, Calle Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Navarro
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Autonomous University
of Madrid, Calle Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian Moya
- Departamento
de Tecnología Química, Energética y Mecánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Santiago
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica, Control,
Telemática y Química aplicada a la Ingeniería,
ETS de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad
Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Hospital-Benito
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Autonomous University
of Madrid, Calle Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Hernández
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Autonomous University
of Madrid, Calle Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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50
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Liu N, Liu T, Liu G, Mi X, Li Y, Yang L, Zhou Z, Wang S. Two isostructural Zn/Co-MOFs with penetrating structures: multifunctional properties of both luminescence sensing and conversion of CO 2 into cyclic carbonates. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:3654-3665. [PMID: 38289280 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03466f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Two new metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely, {[Zn(HL)(bpea)]·DMF}n (Zn-MOF-1) and {[Co(HL)(bpea)]·DMF}n (Co-MOF-2) (H3L = 3-(3,5-dicarboxybenzyloxy)benzoic acid, bpea = 1,2-di(pyridyl)ethane), were obtained by the reaction of H3L and N-containing ligand bpea with Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and Co(NO3)2·6H2O, respectively. The isomorphic Zn-MOF-1 and Co-MOF-2 featured a 3D penetrating framework with different stabilities, luminescence, and catalytic properties. Luminescence measurement indicated that Zn-MOF-1 could be used to detect Al3+ through a turn-on effect with a detection limit of 0.42 μM. The sensing mechanism experiments showed that the enhanced luminescence of Zn-MOF-1 toward Al3+ may be due to the weak interaction between Al3+ and Zn-MOF-1 and the absorbance-caused enhancement (ACE) mechanism. Meanwhile, both Zn-MOF-1 and Co-MOF-2 showed interesting CO2 adsorption properties and could catalyze the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides resulting in 96 and 92% ideal products within 12 hours, respectively. They can be cycled up to 5 times without significant loss of catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China.
| | - Guangning Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xiuna Mi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China.
| | - Yunwu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China.
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China.
| | - Suna Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, P. R. China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China
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