1
|
Nascimento LES, Thapa B, Oliveira WDS, Prata R, Godoy HT, Anderson JL. A practical and eco-friendly method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in açaí-based food products by vacuum-assisted sorbent extraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465104. [PMID: 38905947 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
For the first time, a method for the simultaneous analysis of fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including light and heavy PAHs, in açaí-based food products (AFPs) was developed using vacuum-assisted sorbent extraction (VASE) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method requires no organic solvents and is amenable to full automation. To achieve optimal analytical extraction conditions, VASE parameters including stirring rate, extraction time, desorption temperature, desorption time, preheat time, and preheat temperature were optimized using sequential multivariate optimization. The method was validated and yielded limits of quantification below 1 µg kg-1 for all analytes, with recoveries ranging from 65 % to 112 % and good precision (≤11 % relative standard deviation). Additionally, the greenness and practical aspects of the method were investigated using the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), eco-scale, and the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI), respectively. The VASE-GC-MS approach is suitable for routine analysis and exhibits characteristics of a green analytical method. No PAHs were detected above the limits of detection in thirty samples of AFPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Silva Nascimento
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Bhawana Thapa
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Wellington da Silva Oliveira
- Reference Laboratory for Physical, Sensory and Statistics Analysis, Science and Food Quality Center, Food Technology Institute (ITAL), Avenida Brasil 2880, Campinas, SP, 13070-178, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Prata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Helena Teixeira Godoy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 2415 Osborn Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen XX, Wang B, Cai W, Zhang YH, Shen L, Zhu YY, Wang T, Meng XH, Wang H, Xu DX. Exposure to 1-nitropyrene after weaning induces anxiety-like behavior partially by inhibiting steroid hormone synthesis in prefrontal cortex. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134911. [PMID: 38889457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
1-Nitropyrene (1-NP) is a neurodevelopmental toxicant. This study was to evaluate the impact of exposure to 1-NP after weaning on anxiety-like behavior. Five-week-old mice were administered with 1-NP (0.1 or 1 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks. Anxiety-like behaviour was measured using elevated-plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT). In EPM test, time spending in open arm and times entering open arm were reduced in 1-NP-treated mice. In OFT test, time spent in the center region and times entering the center region were diminished in 1-NP-treated mice. Prefrontal dendritic length and number of dendrite branches were decreased in 1-NP-treated mice. Prefrontal PSD95, an excitatory postsynaptic membrane protein, and gephyrin, an inhibitory postsynaptic membrane protein, were downregulated in 1-NP-treated mice. Further analysis showed that peripheral steroid hormones, including serum testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2), testicular T, and ovarian E2, were decreased in 1-NP-treated mice. Interestingly, T and E2 were diminished in 1-NP-treated prefrontal cortex. Prefrontal T and E2 synthases were diminished in 1-NP-treated mice. Mechanistically, GCN2-eIF2α, a critical pathway that regulates ribosomal protein translation, was activated in 1-NP-treated prefrontal cortex. These results indicate that exposure to 1-NP after weaning induces anxiety-like behaviour partially by inhibiting steroid hormone synthesis in prefrontal cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xi Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yi-Hao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiu-Hong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032 China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park S, Siwakoti RC, Ferguson KK, Cathey AL, Hao W, Cantonwine DE, Mukherjee B, McElrath TF, Meeker JD. Associations of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites and their mixture with thyroid hormone concentration during pregnancy in the LIFECODES cohort: A repeated measures study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119205. [PMID: 38782334 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are endocrine disruptors resulting from incomplete combustion. Pregnancy represents a particularly vulnerable period to such exposures, given the significant influence of hormone physiology on fetal growth and pregnancy outcomes. Maternal thyroid hormones play crucial roles in fetal development and pregnancy outcomes. However, limited studies have examined gestational PAH exposure and maternal thyroid hormones during pregnancy. METHODS Our study included 439 women enrolled in the LIFECODES birth cohort in Boston, aiming to explore the relationship between urinary PAH metabolites and thyroid hormones throughout pregnancy. Urine samples for PAH metabolite analysis and plasma samples for thyroid hormone were measured up to four visits throughout gestation. Single pollutant analyses employed linear mixed effect models to investigate individual associations between each PAH metabolite and thyroid hormone concentration. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess potential susceptibility windows and fetal-sex-specific effects of PAH exposure. Mixture analyses utilized quantile g-computation to evaluate the collective impact of eight PAH metabolites on thyroid hormone concentrations. Additionally, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was employed to explore potential non-linear associations and interactions between PAH metabolites. Subject-specific random intercepts were incorporated to address intra-individual correlation of serial measurements over time in both single pollutant and mixture analyses. RESULTS Our findings revealed positive trends in associations between PAH metabolites and thyroid hormones, both individually and collectively as a mixture. Sensitivity analyses indicated that these associations were influenced by the study visit and fetal sex. Mixture analyses suggested non-linear relationships and interactions between different PAH exposures. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive investigation underscores the critical importance of understanding the impact of PAH exposures on thyroid hormone physiology during pregnancy. The findings highlight the intricate interplay between environmental pollutants and human pregnancy physiology, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and public health policies to mitigate adverse outcomes associated with prenatal PAH exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seonyoung Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ram C Siwakoti
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Amber L Cathey
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David E Cantonwine
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu S, Li SX, Qiu J, Zhao HM, Li YW, Feng NX, Liu BL, Cai QY, Xiang L, Mo CH, Li QX. Accurate Prediction of Rat Acute Oral Toxicity and Reference Dose for Thousands of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives Based on Chemometric QSAR and Machine Learning. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39137267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Acute oral toxicity is currently not available for most polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), especially their derivatives, because it is cost-prohibitive to experimentally determine all of them. Here, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models using machine learning (ML) for predicting the toxicity of PAH derivatives were developed, based on oral toxicity data points of 788 individual substances of rats. Both the individual ML algorithm gradient boosting regression trees (GBRT) and the stacking ML algorithm (extreme gradient boosting + GBRT + random forest regression) provided the best prediction results with satisfactory determination coefficients for both cross-validation and the test set. It was found that those PAH derivatives with fewer polar hydrogens, more large-sized atoms, more branches, and lower polarizability have higher toxicity. Software based on the optimal ML-QSAR model was successfully developed to expand the application potential of the developed model, obtaining reliable prediction of pLD50 values and reference doses for 6893 external PAH derivatives. Among these chemicals, 472 were identified as moderately or highly toxic; 10 out of them had clear environment detection or use records. The findings provide valuable insights into the toxicity of PAHs and their derivatives, offering a standard platform for effectively evaluating chemical toxicity using ML-QSAR models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shi-Xin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nai-Xian Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bai-Lin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ou Y, Wu M, Yu Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Yi N. Nitrogen utilization efficiency assessment during bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated loess soils: insights from metagenomic analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135506. [PMID: 39151360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen addition is commonly used to remediate total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in petroleum-contaminated soils. However, acceptable exogenous nitrogen dosages and their utilization efficiency for the degradation of hydrocarbons in oil-polluted soils are not well understood. This study compared the hydrocarbon bioremediation capacity by applying different doses of NH4Cl as a stimulant in soils contaminated with TPH at 8553 and 17090 mg/kg. The results showed acceptable exogenous nitrogen levels ranging from 60 to 360 mg N/kg soil, and the optimal nitrogen dosage for TPH remediation was 136 mg N/kg in soils with different TPH concentrations. The nitrogen availability efficiency (NAE) and nitrogen polarization factor availability (NPFA) in the 136 mg N/kg addition treatments were 6.69 and 20.47 mg/mg in 8533 mg/kg TPH-polluted soil, and 6.03 and 31.11 mg/mg in 17090 mg/kg TPH-polluted soil, respectively. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the application of 136 mg/kg nitrogen facilitated ammonia oxidation and nitrite reduction to nitric oxide, and induced soil microorganisms to undergo regulatory or adaptive changes in energy supply and metabolic state, which could aid in restoring the ecological functions of petroleum-contaminated soils. These findings underscore that 136 mg/kg of nitrogen dosage application is optimal for remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils irrespective of the TPH concentrations. This exogenous nitrogen application dosage for TPH remediation aligns with the nitrogen requirements for crop growth in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Ou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Manli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zeliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shaanxi Province, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jinduicheng Molybdenum CO., Ltd., Xi'an 710077, China
| | - Ning Yi
- Jinduicheng Molybdenum CO., Ltd., Xi'an 710077, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Niu S, Dong Z, Li L, Ng C. Identifying long-term health risks associated with environmental chemical incidents. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135432. [PMID: 39116740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a notable surge in environmental incidents, including wildfires and chemical releases. Responses to such events have primarily focused on addressing acute and immediate impacts. However, potential long-term health risks have been overlooked. Our proposed framework first advocates for the holistic identification of contaminants, prioritizing persistent organic contaminants determined through both knowledge-based and non-targeted and targeted analysis. We suggest integrating environmental monitoring and modeling approaches to assess the extent and composition of contamination caused by these chemicals. To facilitate swift assessments, we advocate the development of streamlined chemical analysis techniques and dedicated technologies for in situ monitoring of persistent organic chemicals. In addition, we provide an overview of both traditional and state-of-the-art approaches to risk assessment and introduce a three-tier risk assessment framework for evaluating the long-term health risks associated with environmental incidents. We emphasize the importance of in situ soil remediation and coordinated recovery efforts, including effective communication, evacuation, and cleaning plans for affected spaces, which are pivotal for facilitating recovery from environmental incidents. This comprehensive approach fortifies preparedness and recovery strategies, providing a robust framework for managing future environmental crises.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Niu
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Zhaomin Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Carla Ng
- Departments of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun A, Wang WX. Differentiation of cellular responses to particulate and soluble constituents in sunscreen products. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134791. [PMID: 38833954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Despite the growing awareness of potential human and environmental risks associated with sunscreens, identifying the specific constituents responsible for their potential toxicity is challenging. In this study, we applied three different types of sunscreens with contrasting compositions and compared the effects of their particulate and soluble fractions based on 15 cellular biomarkers of HaCaT cells. Multilinear regression analysis revealed that the internalized soluble fractions played a primary role in the overall cytotoxicity of sunscreen mixtures, which was primarily attributed to their biotransformation, generating metabolites with higher toxicity. The presence of plastic microspheres in sunscreens either inhibited the internalization of soluble fractions or led to their redistribution toward lysosomes. Conversely, subcellular toxicity resulting from the sunscreen mixture was predominantly influenced by particulates. Bio-transformable particulates such as ZnO dissolved in the organelles and induced higher subcellular toxicity compared to bioinert particulates such as microplastics. Subcellular biomarkers including lysosomal count, lysosomal size, mitochondrial count and mitochondrial shape emerged as the potential predictors of sunscreen presence. Our study provides important understanding of sunscreen toxicity by elucidating the differential impacts of particulate and soluble fractions in mixture contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Sun
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang R, Shi C, Li X, Gan P, Pan X, Peng R, Tan L. Human biomonitoring of serum polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:4817-4826. [PMID: 38966930 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00758a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
While polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well-known for their potential carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, the health implications of exposure to oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), which are significant substitutes with increased persistence and bioaccumulation, are less understood. In this work, we compared the background levels of liquid-liquid, solid-phase, and supported-liquid extraction for the determination of serum PAHs and OPAHs. Liquid-liquid extraction demonstrated minimal background interference and was validated and used for human biomonitoring of PAHs and OPAHs in 240 participants using gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We observed significant positive correlations between these compounds using Spearman correlation analysis. Furthermore, we investigated the concentration levels and compositions of PAHs and OPAHs among different demographic characteristics, including gender, age, and body mass index. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a weak but significant correlation between total concentrations of PAHs and OPAHs and age and body mass index. A multivariate linear regression analysis was then conducted to examine the association of exposure to individual PAHs and OPAHs with the body mass index. Naphthalene exposure and body mass index showed a statistically significant positive correlation, suggesting that higher levels of naphthalene exposure are associated with higher body mass index values. This study establishes a robust method for biomonitoring PAHs and OPAHs in serum, evaluating the exposure levels of these compounds in healthy adults and highlighting their associations with demographic characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
| | - Chenwen Shi
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
| | - Pingsheng Gan
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
| | - Xinhong Pan
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
| | - Rongfei Peng
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
| | - Lei Tan
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ma J, Yu H, Li G, An T. Mechanism of cytochrome P450s mediated interference with glutathione and amino acid metabolisms from halogenated PAHs exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134589. [PMID: 38772114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that exposure to halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HPAHs) is associated with many adverse effects. However, the mechanisms of metabolic disorder of HPAHs remains limited. Herein, effects of pyrene (Pyr), and its halogenated derivatives (1-chloropyrene (1-Cl-Pyr), 1-bromopyrene (1-Br-Pyr)) on endogenous metabolic pathways were investigated, in human hepatoma (HepG2) and HepG2-derived cell lines expressing various human cytochrome P450s (CYPs). Non-targeted metabolomics results suggested that 1-Br-Pyr and Pyr exposure (625 nM) induced disruption in glutathione and riboflavin metabolism which associated with redox imbalance, through abnormal accumulation of oxidized glutathione, mediated by bioactivation of CYP2E1. Conversely, CYP2C9-mediated 1-Cl-Pyr significantly interfered with glutathione metabolism intermediates, including glycine, L-glutamic acid and pyroglutamic acid. Notably, CYP1A1-mediated Pyr-induced perturbation of amino acid metabolism which associated with nutrition and glycolipid metabolism, resulting in significant upregulation of most amino acids, whereas halogenated derivatives mediated by CYP1A2 substantially downregulated amino acids. In conclusion, this study suggested that Pyr and its halogenated derivatives exert potent effects on endogenous metabolism disruption under the action of various exogenous metabolic enzymes (CYPs). Thus, new evidence was provided to toxicological mechanisms of HPAHs, and reveals potential health risks of HPAHs in inducing diseases caused by redox and amino acid imbalances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Guangzhou Key cLaboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Guangzhou Key cLaboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Guangzhou Key cLaboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Guangzhou Key cLaboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cheng X, Gao L, Cao X, Zhang Y, Ai Q, Weng J, Liu Y, Li J, Zhang L, Lyu B, Wu Y, Zheng M. Identification and Prioritization of Organic Pollutants in Human Milk from the Yangtze River Delta, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11935-11944. [PMID: 38913859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Pollutants in human milk are critical for evaluating maternal internal exposure and infant external exposure. However, most studies have focused on a limited range of pollutants. Here, 15 pooled samples (prepared from 467 individual samples) of human milk from three areas of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in China were analyzed by gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In total, 171 compounds of nine types were preliminarily identified. Among these, 16 compounds, including 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone and 2-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone, were detected in human milk for the first time. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis identified ten area-specific pollutants, including 2-naphthylamine, 9-fluorenone, 2-isopropylthianthrone, and benzo[a]pyrene, among pooled human milk samples from Shanghai (n = 3), Jiangsu Province (n = 6), and Zhejiang Province (n = 6). Risk index (RI) values were calculated and indicated that legacy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contributed only 20% of the total RIs for the identified PAHs and derivatives, indicating that more attention should be paid to PAHs with various functional groups. Nine priority pollutants in human milk from the YRD were identified. The most important were 4-tert-amylphenol, caffeine, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone, which are associated with apoptosis, oxidative stress, and other health hazards. The results improve our ability to assess the health risks posed by pollutants in human milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lirong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xiaoying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiaofeng Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiyuan Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014), NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014), NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Bing Lyu
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014), NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014), NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang F, Zhang D, Lou H, Li X, Fu H, Sun X, Sun P, Wang X, Bao M. Distribution, sources and ecological risks of PAHs and n-alkanes in water and sediments of typically polluted estuaries: Insights from the Xiaoqing River. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 364:121471. [PMID: 38878581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal water and sediment samples were collected from the Xiaoqing River estuary and the neighboring sea to study the spatial and temporal distributions, sources and ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes. The results showed significant spatial and temporal differences in the concentrations of PAHs and n-alkanes under the influence of precipitation, temperature, and human activities. The concentrations of PAHs in water were lower in the wet season than in the dry season, and those in sediments were higher in the wet season than in the dry season. The concentrations of n-alkanes were higher in the rainy season than in the dry season for both water and sediments. The spatial distributions of PAHs and n-alkanes were estuarine > offshore. The concentration ranges of ∑PAHs in water and sediments were 230.66-599.86 ng/L and 84.51-5548.62 ng/g, respectively, in the wet season and 192.46-8649.55 ng/L and 23.39-1208.92 ng/g, respectively, in the dry season. The proportion of three-ring PAHs in water (57.03% and 78.27% in the wet and dry seasons, respectively) was high, followed by two-ring PAHs (27.31% and 13.59% in the wet and dry seasons, respectively). The proportion of four-ring PAHs was higher in sediments (24.79% and 32.20% in the wet and dry seasons, respectively). The ecological risk of PAHs assessed using the toxicity equivalent quotient and risk quotient was at moderate to moderately high risk levels. The high concentration of n-alkane fraction C16 (611.65-75594.58 ng/L) in the water is indicative of petroleum or other fossil fuel inputs. The main peaks of n-alkanes in river sediments were C27, C29 and C31, indicating higher inputs of plant sources. The sediments in the estuary showed dominance of both short-chain C16 and long-chain C25-C31, indicating a combined input of higher plants and petroleum. The diagnostic ratios of PAHs and n-alkanes indicated that their sources were mainly oil/coal/biomass combustion and petroleum spills attributed to frequent vehicular, vessel and mariculture activities. Given the potential ecological risks of PAHs and n-alkanes in water and sediments, future studies should focus on their bioaccumulation and biotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced, Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Shouguang Marine Fishery Development Center ,Weifang, 262700, China
| | - Huawei Lou
- Shouguang Marine Fishery Development Center ,Weifang, 262700, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Shouguang Marine Fishery Development Center ,Weifang, 262700, China
| | - Hongrui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced, Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xiaojun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced, Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Peiyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Warning, Protection & Restoration for Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Warning, Protection & Restoration for Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Mutai Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education/Institute for Advanced, Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yashyanaik S, Venkatesh T, Ereshnaik, Vinuth M. Red-emitting 4-methyl coumarin fused barbituric acid as an electrochemical sensor for catechol detection and probe for latent fingerprints. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4825. [PMID: 38961763 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we have reported a red-emitting 4-methyl coumarin fused barbituric acid azo dye (4-MCBA) synthesized by conventional method. Density functional theory (DFT) studies of tautomer compounds were done using (B3LYP) with a basis set of 6-31G(d,p). NLO analysis has shown that tautomer has mean first-order hyperpolarisabilities (β) value of 1.8188 × 10-30 esu and 1.0470 × 10-30 esu for azo and hydrazone forms, respectively, which is approximately nine and five times greater than the magnitude of urea. 4-MCBA exhibited two absorption peaks in the range of 290-317 and 379-394 nm, and emission spectra were observed at 536 nm. CV study demonstrated that the modified 4-MCBA/MGC electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical sensitivity towards the detection of catechol and the detection limit is 9.39 μM under optimum conditions. The 4-MCBA employed as a fluorescent probe for the visualisation of LFPs on various surfaces exhibited Level-I to level-II LFPs, with low background interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surendranaik Yashyanaik
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, India
| | - Talavara Venkatesh
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, India
| | - Ereshnaik
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, Sir. M.V. Govt. Science College, Bommanakatte, Bhadravathi, Karnataka, India
| | - Mirle Vinuth
- Department of Chemistry, The National Institute of Engineering, North campus, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wahab A, Gershoni-Poranne R. COMPAS-3: a dataset of peri-condensed polybenzenoid hydrocarbons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15344-15357. [PMID: 38758092 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We introduce the third installment of the COMPAS Project - a COMputational database of Polycyclic Aromatic Systems, focused on peri-condensed polybenzenoid hydrocarbons. In this installment, we develop two datasets containing the optimized ground-state structures and a selection of molecular properties of ∼39k and ∼9k peri-condensed polybenzenoid hydrocarbons (at the GFN2-xTB and CAM-B3LYP-D3BJ/cc-pvdz//CAM-B3LYP-D3BJ/def2-SVP levels, respectively). The manuscript details the enumeration and data generation processes and describes the information available within the datasets. An in-depth comparison between the two types of computation is performed, and it is found that the geometrical disagreement is maximal for slightly-distorted molecules. In addition, a data-driven analysis of the structure-property trends of peri-condensed PBHs is performed, highlighting the effect of the size of peri-condensed islands and linearly annulated rings on the HOMO-LUMO gap. The insights described herein are important for rational design of novel functional aromatic molecules for use in, e.g., organic electronics. The generated datasets provide a basis for additional data-driven machine- and deep-learning studies in chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wahab
- The Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Resnick Sustainability Center for Catalysis, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dong J, Yang P, Kong D, Song Y, Lu J. Formation of nitrated naphthalene in the sulfate radical oxidation process in the presence of nitrite. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 255:121546. [PMID: 38574612 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have become a global environmental concern due to their potential hazardous implication for human health. In this study, we found that sulfate radical (SO4•-) could effectively degrade naphthalene (NAP), a representative PAH in groundwaters, generating 1-naphthol. This intermediate underwent further degradation, yielding ring-opening products including phthalic acid and salicylic acid. However, the presence of nitrite (NO2-), a prevalent ion in subsurface environments, was observed to compete with NAP for SO4•-, thus slowing down the NAP degradation. The reaction between NO2- and SO4•- generated a nitrogen dioxide radical (NO2•). Concurrently, in-situ formed 1-naphthol underwent further oxidization to the 1-naphthoxyl radical by SO4•-. The coupling of 1-naphthoxyl radicals with NO2• gave rise to a series of nitrated NAP, namely 2-nitro-1-naphthol, 4-nitro-1-naphthol, and 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol. In addition, the in-situ formed phthalic acid and salicylic acid also underwent nitration, generating nitrophenolic products, although this pathway appeared less prominent than the nitration of 1-naphthol. When 10 μΜ NAP was subjected to heat activated peroxydisulfate oxidation in the presence of 10 μΜ NO2-, the total yield of nitrated products reached 0.730 μΜ in 120 min. Overall, the presence of NO2- dramatically altered the behavior of NAP degradation by SO4•- oxidation and contributed to the formation of toxic nitrated products. These findings raise awareness of the potential environmental risks associated with the application of SO4•--based oxidation processes for the remediation of PAHs-polluted sites in presence of NO2-.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Dong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Deyang Kong
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yiqiang Song
- Center for Soil Pollution Control of Shandong, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Junhe Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liao X, Wu H, Liu K, Bai Y, Wu D, Guo C, Liu X, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Zhao N, Xiao Y, Deng Q. The effects and potential mechanisms of essential metals on the associations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with blood cell-based inflammation markers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123856. [PMID: 38556152 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well-acknowledged pro-inflammatory chemicals, but their associations with blood cell-based inflammatory biomarkers need further investigation. Moreover, the effects and mechanisms of essential metals on PAH-related inflammation remain poorly understood. OBJECTS To elucidate the associations of PAHs on inflammatory biomarkers, as well as the effects and mechanisms of essential metals on these associations. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1388 coke oven workers. We analyzed the modification effects of key essential metal(s) on PAHs-inflammatory biomarkers associations. To explore the possible mechanisms from an inflammation perspective, we performed a bioinformatic analysis on the genes of PAHs and essential metals obtained from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and performed a mediation analysis. RESULTS We observed associations of PAHs and essential metals with lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) (P < 0.05). PAH mixtures were inversely associated with LMR (βQGC-index = -0.18, P < 0.001), with 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-Pyr) being the most prominent contributor (weight = 63.37%), whereas a positive association between essential metal mixtures and LMR was observed (βQGC-index = 0.14, P < 0.001), with tin being the most significant contributor (weight = 51.61%). An inverse association of 1-OH-Pyr with LMR was weakened by increased tin exposure (P < 0.05). The CTD database showed that PAHs and tin compounds co-regulated 22 inflammation-associated genes, but they regulated most genes in opposite directions. Further identified the involvement of oxidative stress and mediation analysis showed that the mediation effect of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) on 1-OH-Pyr-LMR association presented heterogeneity between low and high tin tertile groups (I2 = 37.84%). CONCLUSION 1-OH-Pyr and tin were significantly associated with LMR. Modification effects indicated that the inverse association of 1-OH-Pyr with LMR was mitigated with an increase in tin. The mediation effect of 8-OHdG on the inverse association of 1-OH-Pyr with LMR may be partially dependent on tin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Haimei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Yansen Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Degang Wu
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaofan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaorui Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongshun Huang
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Qifei Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deng W, Wen M, Xiong J, Wang C, Huang J, Guo Z, Wang W, An T. Atmospheric occurrences and bioavailability health risk of PAHs and their derivatives surrounding a non-ferrous metal smelting plant. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134200. [PMID: 38593661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Non-ferrous metal smelting emits large amounts of organic compounds into the atmosphere. Herein, 20 parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAHs), 9 nitrated PAHs (NPAHs), 14 chlorinated PAHs (ClPAHs), and 6 alkylated PAHs (APAHs) in atmospheric samples from a typical non-ferrous metal smelting plant (NMSP) and residential areas were detected. In NMSP, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, 6-nitrochrysene, 9-chlorofluorene, and 1-methylfluorene were the predominant compounds in the particulate phase, while phenanthrene constituted 57.3% in the gaseous phase. The concentration of PAHs in residential areas around NMSP was 1.8 times higher than that in the control area. Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between the concentration and the distance from the NMSP. In terms of health risks, although the skin penetration coefficient of PM2.5 is smaller than that of the gaseous phase, dermal absorption of PM2.5 posed a greater threat to the population, the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of NMSP was 1.8 × 10-4. After considering bioavailability, BILCR decreased by 1-2 orders of magnitude in different regions, and dermal absorption decreased more than inhalation intake. Nevertheless, the dermal absorption of PM2.5 in NMSP still presents a probable carcinogenic risk. This study provides a necessary reference for the subsequent control of NMSP contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Deng
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meicheng Wen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jukun Xiong
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhizhao Guo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wanjun Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sarma H, Gogoi B, Guan CY, Yu CP. Nitro-PAHs: Occurrences, ecological consequences, and remediation strategies for environmental restoration. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141795. [PMID: 38548078 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are persistent pollutants that have been introduced into the environment as a result of human activities. They are produced when PAHs undergo oxidation and are highly resistant to degradation, resulting in prolonged exposure and significant health risks for wildlife and humans. Nitro-PAHs' potential to induce cancer and mutations has raised concerns about their harmful effects. Furthermore, their ability to accumulate in the food chain seriously threatens the ecosystem and human health. Moreover, nitro-PAHs can disrupt the normal functioning of the endocrine system, leading to reproductive and developmental problems in humans and other organisms. Reducing nitro-PAHs in the environment through source management, physical removal, and chemical treatment is essential to mitigate the associated environmental and human health risks. Recent studies have focused on improving nitro-PAHs' phytoremediation by incorporating microorganisms and biostimulants. Microbes can break down nitro-PAHs into less harmful substances, while biostimulants can enhance plant growth and metabolic activity. By combining these elements, the effectiveness of phytoremediation for nitro-PAHs can be increased. This study aimed to investigate the impact of introducing microbial and biostimulant agents on the phytoremediation process for nitro-PAHs and identify potential solutions for addressing the environmental risks associated with these pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemen Sarma
- Bioremediation Technology Research Group, Department of Botany, Bodoland University, Rangalikhata, Deborgaon, Kokrajhar (BTR), Assam, 783370, India.
| | - Bhoirob Gogoi
- Bioremediation Technology Research Group, Department of Botany, Bodoland University, Rangalikhata, Deborgaon, Kokrajhar (BTR), Assam, 783370, India
| | - Chung-Yu Guan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan, 260, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University. B.S., Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li S, Zhang Q, Gao M, Li H, Yang Z, Wang Y, Sun H. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their halogenated derivatives in soil from Yellow River Delta: Distribution, source apportionment, and risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116308. [PMID: 38574503 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and halogenated PAHs (HPAHs) in surface soils from the petroleum industrial area of the Yellow River Delta (YRD) in China were investigated. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 19.6 to 1560 ng/g, while 22 HPAHs ranged from 2.44 to 14.9 ng/g. Moreover, a high degree of spatial distribution heterogeneity was observed for both PAHs and HPAHs, which is likely attributed to the distinct industrial activities in studied area. The combustion of biomass and petroleum were identified as primary sources of soil PAHs and HPAHs in the YRD. Furthermore, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene exhibited high ecological risks (with risk quotients of 1.47, 1.44, and 1.02, respectively) in specific sites within the YRD. Considering the high toxicity of HPAHs and their potential joint environmental effects with PAHs, continuous attention should be directed towards the environmental risks associated with both PAHs and HPAHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Meng Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Zhongkang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mwangi JK, Degrendele C, Bandowe BAM, Bohlin-Nizzetto P, Halse AK, Šmejkalová AH, Kim JT, Kukučka P, Martiník J, Nežiková BP, Přibylová P, Prokeš R, Sáňka M, Tannous M, Vinkler J, Lammel G. Air-soil cycling of oxygenated, nitrated and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in source and receptor areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:170495. [PMID: 38296070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their oxygenated and nitrated derivatives, OPAHs and NPAHs, are semivolatile air pollutants which are distributed and cycling regionally. Subsequent to atmospheric deposition to and accumulation in soils they may re-volatilise, a secondary source which is understudied. We studied the direction of air-soil mass exchange fluxes of 12 OPAHs, 17 NPAHs, 25 PAHs and one alkylated PAH in two rural environments being influenced by the pollutant concentrations in soil and air, by season, and by land cover. The OPAHs and NPAHs in samples of topsoil, of ambient air particulate and gas phases and in the gas-phase equilibrated with soil were analysed by GC-APCI-MS/MS. The pollutants soil burdens show a pronounced seasonality, a winter maximum for NPAHs and PAHs and a summer maximum for OPAHs. One order of magnitude more OPAH and parent PAH are found stored in forest soil than in nearby grassland soil. Among a number of 3-4 ring PAHs, the OPAHs benzanthrone and 6H-benzo(c,d)pyren-6-one, and the NPAHs 1- and 2-nitronaphthalene, 9-nitrophenanthrene and 7-nitrobenz(a)anthracene are found to re-volatilise from soils at a rural background site in central Europe in summer. At a receptor site in northern Europe, net deposition of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) prevails and re-volatilisation occurs only sporadic. Re-volatilisation of a number of PACs, including strong mutagens, from soils in summer and even in winter indicates that long-range atmospheric transport of primary PAC emissions from central Europe to receptor areas might be enhanced by secondary emissions from soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John K Mwangi
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Céline Degrendele
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Benjamin A M Bandowe
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Anne K Halse
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Jun-Tae Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany; Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Center for Sustainable Environment Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Martiník
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petra Přibylová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Prokeš
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; Czech Academy of Sciences, Global Change Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Sáňka
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mariam Tannous
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vinkler
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ge H, Liu X, Lu D, Yang Z, Li H. Degradation of pyrene by Xanthobacteraceae bacterium strain S3 isolated from the rhizosphere sediment of Vallisneria natans: active conditions, metabolite identification, and proposed pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:25659-25670. [PMID: 38483714 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were typical environmental contaminants that accumulated continuously in sediment. Microbial degradation is the main way of PAH degradation in the natural environment. Therefore, expanding the available pool of microbial resources and investigating the molecular degrading mechanisms of PAHs are critical to the efficient control of PAH-polluted sites. Here, a strain (identified as Xanthobacteraceae bacterium) with the ability to degrade pyrene was screened from the rhizosphere sediment of Vallisneria natans. Response surface analysis showed that the strain could degrade pyrene at pH 5-7, NaCl addition 0-1.5%, and temperature 25-40 °C, and the maximum pyrene degradation (~ 95.4%) was obtained under the optimum conditions (pH 7.0, temperature 28.5 °C, and NaCl-free addition) after 72 h. Also, it was observed that the effect of temperature on the degradation ratio was the most significant. Furthermore, eighteen metabolites were identified by mass spectrometry, among which (2Z)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-oxo-4H-phenalen-3-yl) prop-2-enoic acid, 7-(carboxymethyl)-8-formyl-1-naphthyl acetic acid, phthalic acid, naphthalene-1,2-diol, and phenol were the main metabolites. And the degradation pathway of pyrene was proposed, suggesting that pyrene undergoes initial ortho-cleavage under the catalysis of metapyrocatechase to form (2Z)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-oxo-4H-phenalen-3-yl) prop-2-enoic acid. Subsequently, this intermediate was progressively oxidized and degraded to phthalic acid or phenol, which could enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Furthermore, the pyrene biodegradation by the strain followed the first-order kinetic model and the degradation rate changed from fast to slow, with the rate remaining mostly slow in the later stages. The slow biodegradation rate was probably caused by a significant amount of phenol accumulation in the initial stage of degradation, which resulted in a decrease in bacterial activity or death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanying Ge
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghao Liu
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Denglong Lu
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Haipu Li
- Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nakken CL, Meier S, Mjøs SA, Bijlsma L, Rowland SJ, Donald CE. Discovery of polycyclic aromatic acid metabolites in fish exposed to the petroleum compounds 1-methylphenanthrene and 1,4-dimethylphenanthrene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170496. [PMID: 38296090 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Most of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in petroleum are alkylated (alkyl PAHs), still the metabolism of these alkyl PAHs to the expected acid products (polycyclic aromatic acids; PAAs) has yet to be demonstrated in oil-exposed fish. Should these compounds be discovered in fish as they have in ragworm, rodents, and humans, they could present an indicative biomarker for assessing oil pollution. In this study, the ability to biotransform alkyl PAHs to PAAs was examined on Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Exposure to phenanthrene, 1-methyphenanthrene or 1,4-dimethylphenanthrene was performed via intraperitoneal injection. An Ion Mobility Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (IMS-Q-TOF MS) was used in exploratory analysis of extracted bile samples. Acquisition of four-dimensional information by coupling liquid chromatography with the IMS-Q-TOF MS and in-silico prediction for feature prioritization in the data processing workflow allowed several tentative identifications with high degree of confidence. This work presents the first detection of PAAs in fish and suggests the importance of investigating alkyl PAHs in ecotoxicological studies of oil-polluted fish environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Nakken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Marine Toxicology, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sonnich Meier
- Marine Toxicology, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Svein A Mjøs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lubertus Bijlsma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Steven J Rowland
- Petroleum & Environmental Geochemistry Group, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, Devon, UK
| | - Carey E Donald
- Marine Toxicology, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang L, Zhang T, Gao Y, Li D, Cui R, Gu C, Wang L, Sun H. Quantitative identification of the co-exposure effects of e-waste pollutants on human oxidative stress by explainable machine learning. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133560. [PMID: 38246054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Global electronic waste (e-waste) generation continues to grow. The various pollutants released during precarious e-waste disposal activities can contribute to human oxidative stress. This study encompassed 129 individuals residing near e-waste dismantling sites in China, with elevated urinary concentrations of e-waste-related pollutants including heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), bisphenols (BPs), and phthalate esters (PAEs). Utilizing an explainable machine learning framework, the study quantified the co-exposure effects of these pollutants, finding that approximately 23% and 18% of the variance in oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation, respectively, was attributable to these substances. Heavy metals emerged as the most critical factor in inducing oxidative stress, followed by PAHs and PAEs for oxidative DNA damage, and BPs, OPFRs, and PAEs for lipid peroxidation. The interactions between different pollutant classes were found to be weak, attributable to their disparate biological pathways. In contrast, the interactions among congeneric pollutants were strong, stemming from their shared pathways and resultant synergistic or additive effects on oxidative stress. An intelligent analysis system for e-waste pollutants was also developed, which enables more efficient processing of large-scale and dynamic datasets in evolving environments. This study offered an enticing peek into the intricacies of co-exposure effect of e-waste pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luhan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yanxia Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dairui Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rui Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Elumalai P, Kumar AS, Dhandapani P, Cui J, Gao X, Prakash AA, Rajamohan R, AlSalhi MS, Devanesan S, Rajasekar A, Parthipan P. Biodegradation of pyrene by bacterial consortia: Impact of natural surfactants and iron oxide nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117753. [PMID: 38008204 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are potentially hazardous compounds that could cause a severe impact on many ecosystems. They are very challenging to remove using conventional methods due to their hydrophobic nature. However, this issue can be resolved by utilizing surface-active molecules to increase their bioavailability. In this study, pyrene was chosen as the PAH compound to explore its degradability by the effect of individual bacterial strains (Pseudomonas stutzeri NA3 and Acinetobacter baumannii MN3) and mixed consortia (MC) along with natural surfactant derived from Sapindus mukorossi and iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs). Additionally, fatty acids esters, dipeptides, and sugar derivative groups were identified as potent bioactive components of natural surfactants. Various techniques, such as XRD, VSM, TEM, and FE-SEM with EDX, were utilized to characterize the pristine and Fenton-treated iron oxide NPs. The analytical results confirmed that the Fe3O4 crystal phase and spherical-shaped NPs exhibited excellent magnetic properties. The impact of natural surfactants and iron oxide NPs has significantly contributed to the biodegradation process, resulting in a prominent decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that biodegradation systems produced primary hydrocarbon intermediates, which underwent oxidative degradation through Fenton treatment. Interestingly, synthesized iron oxide NPs effectively produced hydroxyl radical (•OH) during the Fenton reaction, which was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra, and the pristine iron oxide NPs underwent a material transformation observed. The study demonstrated an integrated approach for biodegradation and the Fenton reaction process to enhance the pyrene degradation efficiency (90%) compared to other systems. Using natural surfactants and iron oxide NPs in aquatic environments serves as a crucial platform at the interface of microorganisms and contaminated oil products. This interaction offers a promising solution for PAHs bioremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Punniyakotti Elumalai
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Arunagiri Santhosh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Perumal Dhandapani
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, 632115, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jinjie Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
| | - Xueke Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - A Arul Prakash
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - Rajaram Rajamohan
- Organic Material Synthesis Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India.
| | - Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, 632115, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Punniyakotti Parthipan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gao R, Jiang Z, Wu X, Cai Z, Sang N. Metabolic regulation of tumor cells exposed to different oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167833. [PMID: 37839476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) are a class of polycyclic aromatic derivatives with oxygen-containing functional groups that induce oxidative stress and mutations. However, studies of the carcinogenic and metabolic effects of OPAHs are limited. In this study, we analyzed the carcinogenic effects of four different OPAHs and found that 9-fluorenone (FLO), 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ), and 7,12-benz(a)anthraquinone (BAQ) promoted cell invasion and metastasis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and induced endothelial cell angiogenesis by affecting the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin (ANG), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), whereas 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NAD) did not show significant carcinogenic effects. In addition, combined with metabolomic analysis, we found that the tumor-promoting effects of different OPAHs were related to their effects on the metabolome, especially the metabolism of glutathione related to oxidative stress. These results provide an experimental basis for studying the carcinogenic and metabolic effects of OPAHs, and an important reference for comprehensively assessing the ecological and health risks of this compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, PR China; College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Zihao Jiang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, PR China
| | - Xiuyu Wu
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Zhihong Cai
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lan J, Wu S. Occurrence, Concentration and Toxicity of 54 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Butter during Storage. Foods 2023; 12:4393. [PMID: 38137197 PMCID: PMC10742937 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of highly carcinogenic compounds with a lipophilic nature. This study investigated the characterization of PAH24 contamination in twenty-one types of butter and five types of margarines using the QuEChERS pretreatment coupled with GC-QqQ-MS. Additionally, low-temperature storage experiments were conducted to explore the variations in oxidation index as well as the PAH levels. The results revealed that PAH24 concentrations in butter and margarine were 50.75-310.64 μg/kg and 47.66-118.62 μg/kg, respectively. The PAH4 level in one type of butter reached 11.24 μg/kg beyond the EU standards. Over 160 days of storage at 4 °C, acid value (AV), peroxide value (POV), and acidity significantly increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content and carbonyl value (CGV) fluctuated. Concentrations of PAH24 and oxidized PAHs (OPAHs) experienced a notable reduction of 29.09% and 63.85%, respectively. The slow reduction in naphthalene (NaP) indicated the dynamic nature of PAHs during storage. However, the toxic equivalency quotients (TEQs) decreased slightly from a range of 0.65-1.90 to 0.39-1.77, with no significant difference. This study contributes to the understanding of variations in PAHs during storage, which is of great significance for food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shimin Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China;
| |
Collapse
|