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Xu F, Li P. Biogeochemical mechanisms of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in groundwater and soil profiles in the Zhongning section of the Weining Plain (northwest China). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 939:173506. [PMID: 38815819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
High levels of Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in soils may contribute to secondary contamination of groundwater. However, there is limited understanding of the cycling mechanisms of Fe and Mn in groundwater and soil. This study aimed to investigate the biogeochemical processes constituting the Fe and Mn cycle by combining hydrochemistry, sequential extraction and microbiological techniques. The results indicated a similar vertical distribution pattern of Fe and Mn, with lower levels of the effective form (EFC-Fe/Mn) observed at the oxygenated surface, increasing near the groundwater table and decreasing below it. Generally, there was a tendency for accumulation above the water table, with Mn exhibiting a higher release potential compared to Fe. Iron‑manganese oxides (Ox-Fe/Mn) dominated the effective forms, with Fe and Mn in the soil entering groundwater through the reduction dissolution of Ox-Fe/Mn and the oxidative degradation of organic matter or sulfide (OM-Fe/Mn). Correlation analysis revealed that Fe and Mn tend to accumulate in media with fine particles and high organic carbon (TOC) contents. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis disclosed significant variation in the abundance of microorganisms associated with Fe and Mn transformations among unsaturated zone soils, saturated zone media and groundwater, with Fe/Mn content exerting an influence on microbial communities. Furthermore, functional bacterial identification results from the FAPROTAX database show a higher abundance of iron-oxidizing bacteria (9.3 %) in groundwater, while iron and manganese-reducing bacteria are scarce in both groundwater and soil environments. Finally, a conceptual model of Fe and Mn cycling was constructed, elucidating the biogeochemical processes in groundwater and soil environments. This study provides a new perspective for a deeper understanding of the environmental fate of Fe and Mn, which is crucial for mitigating Fe and Mn pollution in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyue Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.
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Chen X, Sheng Y, Wang G, Zhou P, Liao F, Mao H, Zhang H, Qiao Z, Wei Y. Spatiotemporal successions of N, S, C, Fe, and As cycling genes in groundwater of a wetland ecosystem: Enhanced heterogeneity in wet season. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 251:121105. [PMID: 38184913 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms in wetland groundwater play an essential role in driving global biogeochemical cycles. However, largely due to the dynamics of spatiotemporal surface water-groundwater interaction, the spatiotemporal successions of biogeochemical cycling in wetland groundwater remain poorly delineated. Herein, we investigated the seasonal coevolution of hydrogeochemical variables and microbial functional genes involved in nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, iron, and arsenic cycling in groundwater within a typical wetland, located in Poyang Lake Plain, China. During the dry season, the microbial potentials for dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium and ammonification were dominant, whereas the higher potentials for nitrogen fixation, denitrification, methane metabolism, and carbon fixation were identified in the wet season. A likely biogeochemical hotspot was identified in the area located in the low permeable aquifer near the lake, characterized by reducing conditions and elevated levels of Fe2+ (6.65-17.1 mg/L), NH4+ (0.57-3.98 mg/L), total organic carbon (1.02-1.99 mg/L), and functional genes. In contrast to dry season, higher dissimilarities of functional gene distribution were observed in the wet season. Multivariable statistics further indicated that the connection between the functional gene compositions and hydrogeochemical variables becomes less pronounced as the seasons transition from dry to wet. Despite this transition, Fe2+ remained the dominant driving force on gene distribution during both seasons. Gene-based co-occurrence network displayed reduced interconnectivity among coupled C-N-Fe-S cycles from the dry to the wet season, underpinning a less complex and more destabilizing occurrence pattern. The rising groundwater level may have contributed to a reduction in the stability of functional microbial communities, consequently impacting ecological functions. Our findings shed light on microbial-driven seasonal biogeochemical cycling in wetland groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yizhi Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Guangcai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Pengpeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Fu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hairu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, PR China
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Zhang L, Bai J, Zhai Y, Zhang K, Wang Y, Tang R, Xiao R, Jorquera MA. Seasonal changes in N-cycling functional genes in sediments and their influencing factors in a typical eutrophic shallow lake, China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1363775. [PMID: 38374918 PMCID: PMC10876089 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1363775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
N-cycling processes mediated by microorganisms are directly linked to the eutrophication of lakes and ecosystem health. Exploring the variation and influencing factors of N-cycling-related genes is of great significance for controlling the eutrophication of lakes. However, seasonal dynamics of genomic information encoding nitrogen (N) cycling in sediments of eutrophic lakes have not yet been clearly addressed. We collected sediments in the Baiyangdian (BYD) Lake in four seasons to explore the dynamic variation of N-cycling functional genes based on a shotgun metagenome sequencing approach and to reveal their key influencing factors. Our results showed that dissimilatory nitrate reduction (DNRA), assimilatory nitrate reduction (ANRA), and denitrification were the dominant N-cycling processes, and the abundance of nirS and amoC were higher than other functional genes by at least one order of magnitude. Functional genes, such as nirS, nirK and amoC, generally showed a consistent decreasing trend from the warming season (i.e., spring, summer, fall) to the cold season (i.e., winter). Furthermore, a significantly higher abundance of nitrification functional genes (e.g., amoB, amoC and hao) in spring and denitrification functional genes (e.g., nirS, norC and nosZ) in fall were observed. N-cycling processes in four seasons were influenced by different dominant environmental factors. Generally, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) or sediment organic matter (SOM), water temperature (T) and antibiotics (e.g., Norfloxacin and ofloxacin) were significantly correlated with N-cycling processes. The findings imply that sediment organic carbon and antibiotics may be potentially key factors influencing N-cycling processes in lake ecosystems, which will provide a reference for nitrogen management in eutrophic lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Junhong Bai
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Kegang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoxuan Tang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Milko A. Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Edwards TM, Puglis HJ, Kent DB, Durán JL, Bradshaw LM, Farag AM. Ammonia and aquatic ecosystems - A review of global sources, biogeochemical cycling, and effects on fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167911. [PMID: 37871823 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to better understand the full life cycle and influence of ammonia from an aquatic biology perspective. While ammonia has toxic properties in water and air, it also plays a central role in the biogeochemical nitrogen (N) cycle and regulates mechanisms of normal and abnormal fish physiology. Additionally, as the second most synthesized chemical on Earth, ammonia contributes economic value to many sectors, particularly fertilizers, energy storage, explosives, refrigerants, and plastics. But, with so many uses, industrial N2-fixation effectively doubles natural reactive N concentrations in the environment. The consequence is global, with excess fixed nitrogen driving degradation of soils, water, and air; intensifying eutrophication, biodiversity loss, and climate change; and creating health risks for humans, wildlife, and fisheries. Thus, the need for ammonia research in aquatic systems is growing. In response, we prepared this review to better understand the complexities and connectedness of environmental ammonia. Even the term "ammonia" has multiple meanings. So, we have clarified the nomenclature, identified units of measurement, and summarized methods to measure ammonia in water. We then discuss ammonia in the context of the N-cycle, review its role in fish physiology and mechanisms of toxicity, and integrate the effects of human N-fixation, which continuously expands ammonia's sources and uses. Ammonia is being developed as a carbon-free energy carrier with potential to increase reactive nitrogen in the environment. With this in mind, we review the global impacts of excess reactive nitrogen and consider the current monitoring and regulatory frameworks for ammonia. The presented synthesis illustrates the complex and interactive dynamics of ammonia as a plant nutrient, energy molecule, feedstock, waste product, contaminant, N-cycle participant, regulator of animal physiology, toxicant, and agent of environmental change. Few molecules are as influential as ammonia in the management and resilience of Earth's resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea M Edwards
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
| | - Holly J Puglis
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Douglas B Kent
- U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Systems Processes Division, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan López Durán
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Lillian M Bradshaw
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Aïda M Farag
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Jackson Field Research Station, Jackson, WY, USA
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5
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Hu H, Wei R, Zerizghi T, Du C, Zhao C, Wang Z, Zhang J, Tan Q, Guo Q. Control mechanisms of water chemistry based on long-term analyses of the Yangtze River. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 892:164713. [PMID: 37302593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-term series data can provide a glimpse of the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on water chemistry. However, few studies have been conducted to analyze the driving forces of the chemistry of large rivers based on long-term data. This study aimed to analyze the variations and driving mechanisms of riverine chemistry from 1999 to 2019. We compiled published data on major ions in the Yangtze River, one of the three largest rivers in the world. The results showed that Na+ and Cl- concentrations decreased with increasing discharge. Significant differences in riverine chemistry were found between the upper and middle-lower reaches. Major ion concentrations in the upper reaches were mainly controlled by evaporites, especially Na+ and Cl- ions. In contrast, major ion concentrations in the middle-lower reaches were mainly affected by silicate and carbonate weathering. Furthermore, human activities were the drivers of some major ions, notably SO42- ions associated with coal emissions. The increased major ions and total dissolved solids in the Yangtze River in the last 20 years were ascribed to the continuous acidification of the river and the construction of the Three Gorges Dam. Attention should be given to the impact of anthropogenic activities on the water quality of the Yangtze River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Hu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rongfei Wei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Teklit Zerizghi
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chenjun Du
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changqiu Zhao
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziteng Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiyu Tan
- Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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6
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Hu M. Spatiotemporal distribution and controlling factors on ammonium in waters in the central Yangtze River Basin, China. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2023; 258:104239. [PMID: 37683374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
High levels of ammonium in water can compromise the ecological environment and be harmful to human beings. It is of great significance to understand the source and controlling factors of ammonium in waters. However, the distribution and controlling factors on ammonium in the central Yangtze River Basin have been rarely reported. The results showed that 6.58% of the surface water (SW) exceeded the China national guideline of category III for NH4+-N (i.e., 1.0 mg/L) and 30.19% of the groundwater (GW) exceeded the China national guideline of category III for NH4+-N (i.e., 0.5 mg/L). Notably, the ammonium concentrations of the plain area in the middle were much higher, which reached to the highest value at the junction of the Yangtze River and Dongting Lake. Nitrogen in SW may originate from manure but more nitrogen sources in GW. The net anthropogenic nitrogen input (NANI) can provide enough organic nitrogen for the mineralization. NH4+-N in SW was more affected by fertilizer nitrogen and feed nitrogen input but more affected by agricultural nitrogen fixation in GW. Agricultural and industrial activities controlled NH4+-N in SW and GW by increasing nitrogen input and changing hydrological conditions. In general, this research exposed the controlling of different types of factors on ammonium in waters, providing a guidance for the water pollution prevention in study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Hu
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Eco-environment Technology R&D and Service Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
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7
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Wang L, Shang S, Liu W, She D, Hu W, Liu Y. Hydrodynamic controls on nitrogen distribution and removal in aquatic ecosystems. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120257. [PMID: 37356159 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The impact of nitrogen (N) on water eutrophication is well-known, but the specific influence of hydrodynamic factors on N occurrence in aquatic systems has remained unclear. This lack of understanding has hindered our ability to assess the self-purification function of aquatic ecosystems and address water pollution problem. Here, we collected overlying water and sediment samples from different aquatic ecosystems (ditch, pond, river, and reservoir) in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area and compared the variation characteristics of various N components, and further conducted an incubation experiment to investigate the rate of N removal. We found that the concentration of total N and its N components decreased from ditches and ponds to rivers and reservoirs, indicating that N removal occurred during water flow, with up to 43% of total N concentration reduction rate. Additionally, we observed higher heterogeneity in eco-stoichiometric characteristics of N components in ditches and ponds compared to rivers and reservoirs. Interestingly, the ditches and ponds exhibited stronger interactions between overlying water and sediment, with higher rates of denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). Our findings highlight the need to focus on the upper reaches of agricultural catchments, such as ditches and ponds, for N removal and emphasize the importance of developing region-specific conservation strategies to mitigate N pollution and protect water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Songhao Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Danjiangkou Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Dongli She
- College of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wei Hu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Danjiangkou Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
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8
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Chen X, Wang G, Sheng Y, Liao F, Mao H, Li B, Zhang H, Qiao Z, He J, Liu Y, Lin Y, Yang Y. Nitrogen species and microbial community coevolution along groundwater flowpath in the southwest of Poyang Lake area, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138627. [PMID: 37031839 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate and ammonia overload in groundwater can lead to eutrophication of surface water in areas where surface water is recharged by groundwater. However, this process remained elusive due to the complicated groundwater N cycling, which is governed by the co-evolution of hydrogeochemical conditions and N-cycling microbial communities. Herein, this process was studied along a generalized groundwater flowpath in Ganjing Delta, Poyang Lake area, China. From groundwater recharge to the discharge area near the lake, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), NO3-N, and NO2-N decreased progressively, while NH3-N, total organic carbon (TOC), Fe2+, sulfide, and TOC/NO3- ratio accumulated in the lakeside samples. The anthropogenic influences such as sewage and agricultural activities drove the nitrate distribution, as observed by Cl- vs. NO3-/Cl- ratio and isotopic composition of nitrate. The hydrogeochemical evolution was intimately coupled with the changes in microbial communities. Variations in microbial community structures was significantly explained by Fe2+, NH3-N, and sulfide, while TOC/NO3- controlled the distribution of predicted N cycling gene. The absence of NH3-N in groundwater upstream was accompanied by the enrichment in Acinetobacter capable of nitrification and aerobic denitrification. These two processes were also supported by Ca2+ + Mg2+ vs. HCO3- ratio and isotopic composition of NO3-. The DNRA process downstream was revealed by both the presence of DNRA-capable microbes such as Arthrobacter and the isotopic composition of NH4+ in environments with high concentrations of NH3-N, TOC/NO3-, Fe2+, and sulfide. This coupled evolution of N cycling and microbial community sheds new light on the N biogeochemical cycle in areas where surface water is recharged by groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Guangcai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Yizhi Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Fu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Hairu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jiahui He
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yingxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yilun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environment Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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9
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Shen S, Ma T, Du Y, Han Z, Zhang J, Liu W, Luo K. Contrastive mechanisms of groundwater ammonium enrichment in different hydrogeologic settings. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162542. [PMID: 36870484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although high levels of geogenic ammonium in groundwater have been widely reported, the mechanisms controlling its heterogeneous distribution are not yet well understood. In this study, a comprehensive investigation of hydrogeology, sediments, and groundwater chemistry was coupled with a set of incubation experiments to reveal the contrasting mechanisms of groundwater ammonium enrichment at two adjacent monitoring sites with different hydrogeologic settings in the central Yangtze River basin. Significant differences were found in the ammonium concentrations of groundwater at two monitoring sites, with the ammonium concentrations in the Maozui (MZ) section (0.30-5.88 mg/L; average of 2.93 mg/L) being much higher than those in the Shenjiang (SJ) section (0.12-2.43 mg/L; average of 0.90 mg/L). For the SJ section, the aquifer medium had a low organic matter (OM) content and a weak mineralization capability, leading to a limited potential for geogenic ammonium release. Moreover, due to the presence of alternating silt and continuous fine sand layers (with coarse grains) above the underlying confined aquifer, the groundwater was in a relatively open environment with oxidizing conditions, which may have promoted the removal of ammonium. For the MZ section, the aquifer medium had a high OM content and a strong mineralization capability, leading to a much higher potential for geogenic ammonium release. Furthermore, due to the presence of a thick and continuous muddy clay layer (aquitard) above the underlying confined aquifer, the groundwater was in a closed environment with strong reducing conditions, which was conductive to the storage of ammonium. Larger sources of ammonium in the MZ section and greater consumption of ammonium in the SJ section contributed collectively to the significant differences in groundwater ammonium concentrations. This study identified contrasting mechanism of groundwater ammonium enrichment in different hydrogeologic settings, which can help explain the heterogeneous distribution of ammonium levels in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shen
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Teng Ma
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yao Du
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zhihui Han
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kewen Luo
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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10
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Barber LB, Pickard HM, Alvarez DA, Becanova J, Keefe SH, LeBlanc DR, Lohmann R, Steevens JA, Vajda AM. Uptake of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances by Fish, Mussel, and Passive Samplers in Mobile-Laboratory Exposures Using Groundwater from a Contamination Plume at a Historical Fire Training Area, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5544-5557. [PMID: 36972291 PMCID: PMC10116195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous film-forming foams historically were used during fire training activities on Joint Base Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and created an extensive per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) groundwater contamination plume. The potential for PFAS bioconcentration from exposure to the contaminated groundwater, which discharges to surface water bodies, was assessed with mobile-laboratory experiments using groundwater from the contamination plume and a nearby reference location. The on-site continuous-flow 21-day exposures used male and female fathead minnows, freshwater mussels, polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS), and polyethylene tube samplers (PETS) to evaluate biotic and abiotic uptake. The composition of the PFAS-contaminated groundwater was complex and 9 PFAS were detected in the reference groundwater and 17 PFAS were detected in the contaminated groundwater. The summed PFAS concentrations ranged from 120 to 140 ng L-1 in reference groundwater and 6100 to 15,000 ng L-1 in contaminated groundwater. Biotic concentration factors (CFb) for individual PFAS were species, sex, source, and compound-specific and ranged from 2.9 to 1000 L kg-1 in whole-body male fish exposed to contaminated groundwater for 21 days. The fish and mussel CFb generally increased with increasing fluorocarbon chain length and were greater for sulfonates than for carboxylates. The exception was perfluorohexane sulfonate, which deviated from the linear trend and had a 10-fold difference in CFb between sites, possibly because of biotransformation of precursors such as perfluorohexane sulfonamide. Uptake for most PFAS in male fish was linear over time, whereas female fish had bilinear uptake indicated by an initial increase in tissue concentrations followed by a decrease. Uptake of PFAS was less for mussels (maximum CFb = 200) than for fish, and mussel uptake of most PFAS also was bilinear. Although abiotic concentration factors were greater than CFb, and values for POCIS were greater than for PETS, passive samplers were useful for assessing PFAS that potentially bioconcentrate in fish but are present at concentrations below method quantitation limits in water. Passive samplers also accumulate short-chain PFAS that are not bioconcentrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry B Barber
- U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Heidi M Pickard
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - David A Alvarez
- U.S. Geological Survey, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Jitka Becanova
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Horn Building 118, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States
| | - Steffanie H Keefe
- U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine Street, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Denis R LeBlanc
- U.S. Geological Survey, 10 Bearfoot Road, Northborough, Massachusetts 01532, United States
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Horn Building 118, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States
| | - Jeffery A Steevens
- U.S. Geological Survey, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Alan M Vajda
- University of Colorado Denver, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, Colorado 80217, United States
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11
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Wang Y, Zhang S, Jin H, Chen J, Zhou K, Chen J, Chen J, Zhu G. Effects of dam building on the occurrence and activity of comammox bacteria in river sediments and their contribution to nitrification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161167. [PMID: 36572300 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox) has fundamentally changed our understanding of nitrification. However, studies on the occurrence and activity of comammox bacteria and their contribution to nitrification remain unclear. Here, we investigated the abundance, activity, and diversity of comammox bacteria and their contribution to nitrification in sediments from dammed rivers in winter and summer. Our results indicated that comammox clade A was ubiquitous in all sediment samples and the community structure in comammox varied between the upper and lower reaches, but not on the time scale (winter and summer). Comammox activity in the dammed river sediments in summer was prominently higher than in winter (summer: 1.08 ± 0.52; winter: 0.197 ± 0.148 mg N kg-1 day-1). Furthermore, the activity of comammox bacteria in summer appeared higher in the vicinity of the dammed river and in the Sanjiang estuary, which is located downstream of the dammed river. The activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) (0.77 ± 0.478 mg N kg-1 day-1) was higher compared to comammox (0.639 ± 0.588 mg N kg-1 day-1) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) (0.026 ± 0.022 mg N kg-1 day-1) in both winter and summer. In terms of contribution to the nitrification process, AOB (winter: 67.13 ± 12.21 %; summer: 50.57 ± 16.14 %) outperformed comammox (winter: 28.59 ± 12.51 %; summer: 48.38 ± 16.62 %) and AOA (winter: <7.39 %; summer: <2.09 %). These findings indicated that the nitrification process in dammed river sediments was mainly dominated by AOB. Additionally, comammox activity was significantly affected by temperature and NH4+, suggesting that these variables were key determinants of the niche partitioning of comammox. Collectively, our findings provide novel perspectives into the widespread distribution and contribution of comammox to nitrification in dammed river ecosystems, thus broadening our understanding of the nitrification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuantao Wang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Huixia Jin
- NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jiwei Chen
- Ningbo River Management Center, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Ketao Zhou
- Ningbo River Management Center, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jinxi Chen
- NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jinfang Chen
- College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guibing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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12
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Vega MAP, Scholes RC, Brady AR, Daly RA, Narrowe AB, Bosworth LB, Wrighton KC, Sedlak DL, Sharp JO. Pharmaceutical Biotransformation is Influenced by Photosynthesis and Microbial Nitrogen Cycling in a Benthic Wetland Biomat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14462-14477. [PMID: 36197061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In shallow, open-water engineered wetlands, design parameters select for a photosynthetic microbial biomat capable of robust pharmaceutical biotransformation, yet the contributions of specific microbial processes remain unclear. Here, we combined genome-resolved metatranscriptomics and oxygen profiling of a field-scale biomat to inform laboratory inhibition microcosms amended with a suite of pharmaceuticals. Our analyses revealed a dynamic surficial layer harboring oxic-anoxic cycling and simultaneous photosynthetic, nitrifying, and denitrifying microbial transcription spanning nine bacterial phyla, with unbinned eukaryotic scaffolds suggesting a dominance of diatoms. In the laboratory, photosynthesis, nitrification, and denitrification were broadly decoupled by incubating oxic and anoxic microcosms in the presence and absence of light and nitrogen cycling enzyme inhibitors. Through combining microcosm inhibition data with field-scale metagenomics, we inferred microbial clades responsible for biotransformation associated with membrane-bound nitrate reductase activity (emtricitabine, trimethoprim, and atenolol), nitrous oxide reduction (trimethoprim), ammonium oxidation (trimethoprim and emtricitabine), and photosynthesis (metoprolol). Monitoring of transformation products of atenolol and emtricitabine confirmed that inhibition was specific to biotransformation and highlighted the value of oscillating redox environments for the further transformation of atenolol acid. Our findings shed light on microbial processes contributing to pharmaceutical biotransformation in open-water wetlands with implications for similar nature-based treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A P Vega
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), https://www.renuwit.org
| | - Rachel C Scholes
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), https://www.renuwit.org
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam R Brady
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), https://www.renuwit.org
| | - Rebecca A Daly
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Adrienne B Narrowe
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Lily B Bosworth
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), https://www.renuwit.org
- Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kelly C Wrighton
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - David L Sedlak
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), https://www.renuwit.org
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jonathan O Sharp
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- NSF Engineering Research Center for Reinventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), https://www.renuwit.org
- Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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13
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Shen S, Luo K, Ma T, Du Y, Liang X, Zhang J, Han Z, Ye X. Nitrogen burial characteristics of Quaternary sediments and its controls on high ammonium groundwater in the Central Yangtze River Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156659. [PMID: 35709994 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the strata sedimentary process proceeds, considerable amounts of nitrogen (N) is buried in sediments, which controls the sources and fate of N in the "groundwater-sediment" system. However, there is little concern regarding N burial characteristics in continuous sediment profiles from surface layer to deep aquifer thus far. In this study, lithology, grain size, geochronology, exchangeable N contents and geochemical proxies of sediments were analyzed to reveal the controlling mechanisms of N burial characteristics in Quaternary sediments and to interpret the enrichment of N in groundwater of central Yangtze River Basin. The results demonstrated a similar distribution trend for buried N in two sedimentary cores, which were high in the surface layer and decreased to stable in the deep aquifer. Excessive exchangeable N (EX-N) contents in sediments were mainly attributed to geologic origin. The N burial characteristics were controlled by the evolution of depositional environment: sedimentary facies determined the concentrations of total organic nitrogen (TON), further affecting the mineralization capacity of sediments; while paleoclimate regulated the intensity of the N transformation processes, ultimately influencing the actual concentrations of EX-N in sediments. In addition, due to the fast accumulation of alluvial deposits after Last Glacial Maximum and rapid development of Jianghan Lake Groups during Holocene, abundant organic matter (with high TON contents) was buried in sediments, which were still able to produce more ammonium or nitrate, and further posing continuous threats to groundwater quality. This study provided a new interpretation for the formation of high-ammonium aquifer in terms of depositional evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shen
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kewen Luo
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Teng Ma
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yao Du
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xing Liang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhihui Han
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xinyao Ye
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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14
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Jiang X, Ma R, Ma T, Sun Z. Modeling the effects of water diversion projects on surface water and groundwater interactions in the central Yangtze River basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154606. [PMID: 35307424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to the lack of the quantification of surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) interaction, the chemicals transport and fate and wetland evolution are hard to predict under impact of both the natural condition and water diversion projects. To address this issue, a 3D regional numerical model is proposed in this study to analyze the effects of the South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) and Yangtze-Hanjiang Water Diversion (YHWD) projects on groundwater flow regimes and SW-GW interactions of Jianghan Plain in the central Yangtze River basin. The model results show that the Yangtze River and groundwater interactive pattern varied little, whereas the exchange capacity has been significantly affected by the SNWD but little affected by the YHWD. If only implemented SNWD project, the Hanjiang River and groundwater interactive pattern varied and the net exchange rate between the Hanjiang River and groundwater decreased by 69.3% compared to natural condition. Since YHWD was introduced to complement SNWD, the net exchange rate has been reduced by 25.3% compared with that under the only SNWD. SNWD and YHWD projects implementation caused the decrease of the groundwater level along the Yangtze River with the maximum value of 0.19 m but the increase of groundwater level along the Hanjiang River with the maximum rise reaching up to 0.78 m. This study provides the insights for quantification of GW-SW interaction at regional scale, which will benefiting for integrated water resource management and understanding contaminant reactive transport and wetland evolution in the central Yangtze River basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Teng Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ziyong Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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15
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Jiang Q, Jin G, Tang H, Xu J, Jiang M. Ammonium (NH 4+) transport processes in the riverbank under varying hydrologic conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154097. [PMID: 35219678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Attenuation of groundwater ammonium (NH4+) is expected to occur through redox reaction and adsorption of the riverbank. Previous studies determined that NH4+ mostly degraded through nitrification along subsurface flow, however, the adsorption capacities of riverbanks were always ignored in the NH4+ reduction processes. In this study, field experiments were conducted in the Fuliji section of the Xiaosuixin River, China, to understand NH4+ transport and attenuation under rainfall events-induced river and groundwater interactions. The results indicated that the NH4+ concentration in river water increased significantly after heavy rainfall events and reached a peak of about 5.88 mg L-1, and the lag time was more than 2 weeks compared with the river peak stage. Adsorption plays a dominant role in attenuation of NH4+ in riverbank with high amounts of organic materials and clay minerals, reducing its concentration to less than 0.05 mg L-1. A two-dimensional lateral exchange and transport model of NH4+ was developed and calibrated against observations in the aquifer, and an exponential reduction pattern of NH4+ was identified. The model's possible implications about the effects of varying hydrologic changes (i.e., peak stage and lag time differences between river and groundwater) on NH4+ transport were also discussed. Thus, the effects of river-groundwater interactions on nitrogen pollution should be taken into consideration in river regulation strategies in order to ensure proper hydrogeochemical functioning of river-aquifer interfaces and related ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.; College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China..
| | - Guangqiu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.; College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China..
| | - Hongwu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.; College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China..
| | - Junzeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.; College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China..
| | - Minmin Jiang
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing, China..
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16
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El Amri A, M'nassri S, Nasri N, Nsir H, Majdoub R. Nitrate concentration analysis and prediction in a shallow aquifer in central-eastern Tunisia using artificial neural network and time series modelling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43300-43318. [PMID: 35091932 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural activities have become a major source of groundwater nitrate contamination. In this context, this study aims to analyse nitrate concentrations in a shallow aquifer of Mahdia-Kssour Essef in central-eastern Tunisia, identify the assignable sources, and predict the future levels using artificial neural network (ANN) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. The results showed that nitrate concentrations measured in 21 pumping wells across the plain ranged from 17 to 521 mg L-1. A total of 67% of the monitoring points greatly exceed the standard guideline value of 50 mg L-1. The main relevant anthropogenic and natural factors, such as soil texture, land use, fertilizers application rates, livestock waste disposal, and groundwater table, are positively correlated with groundwater nitrate concentration. The ANN model showed good fitting between measured and simulated results with coefficient of determination (R2), root-mean-square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) values of 0.88, 53.95, and 39.64, respectively. The ARIMA applied on annual average nitrate concentrations from 1998 to 2017 revealed that the best fitted model (p, d, q) is (1, 2, 1). The R2 value is approximately 0.36, and the Theil inequality coefficient and bias proportion values are small and close to zero. These results proved the ARIMA model's adequacy in forecasting annual average nitrate concentrations of 116 mg L-1 in 2025. These findings may be useful in making groundwater management decisions, particularly in rural and semi-arid areas, and the proposed ARIMA model could be used as a managed tool to monitor and reduce the nitrate intrusion into groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma El Amri
- Laboratory of Research in Management and Control of Animal and Environmental Resources in Semi-aride Ecosystem, Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott Meriem, University of Sousse, BP 42, 4042, Chott Meriem, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Soumaia M'nassri
- Laboratory of Research in Management and Control of Animal and Environmental Resources in Semi-aride Ecosystem, Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott Meriem, University of Sousse, BP 42, 4042, Chott Meriem, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Nessrine Nasri
- Higher Institute of Environmental Technologies, Urban Planning and Construction, University of Carthage, 2035, Charguia II, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory in Hydraulic and Environmental Modelling, National Engineering School of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, BP 37, 1002, Belvedere, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Nsir
- Laboratory of Research in Management and Control of Animal and Environmental Resources in Semi-aride Ecosystem, Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott Meriem, University of Sousse, BP 42, 4042, Chott Meriem, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Rajouene Majdoub
- Laboratory of Research in Management and Control of Animal and Environmental Resources in Semi-aride Ecosystem, Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott Meriem, University of Sousse, BP 42, 4042, Chott Meriem, Sousse, Tunisia
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17
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Liu Y, Xin J, Wang Y, Yang Z, Liu S, Zheng X. Dual roles of dissolved organic nitrogen in groundwater nitrogen cycling: Nitrate precursor and denitrification promoter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:151375. [PMID: 34740651 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) has been reported to be prevalent in groundwater worldwide. Owing to the diversity of physicochemical properties, DON plays complex roles in nitrogen cycling processes, which has further implications for nitrate (NO3--N) pollution control in groundwater. To characterize these crucial roles, we investigated the effects of three types of DON (amino acid, urea, and protein) on NO3--N accumulation in groundwater with a 60-day incubation experiment and established quantitative correlations between microbial indicators (bacterial communities and nitrogen functional genes) and nitrogen content. The results showed that NO3--N content increased by 30.3% and 38.8% and was strongly correlated with the presence of amino acid and urea; however, the addition of protein did not lead to an additional increase in NO3--N, possibly due to different extents of mineralization and denitrification caused by different types of DON. Molecular biological experiments demonstrated that Nitrospira (1.8-3.2%) contributed to nitrification in the urea treatment, whereas Arthrobacter (2.0-6.9%) and Thermomonas (11.9-13.1%) were key communities controlling denitrification in amino acid and protein treatments. amoA and nxrA were continuously enriched in the presence of urea; however, amino acid and protein were strongly correlated with napA-dominated and narG-dominated denitrification processes, with the path coefficient - 2.912 and - 2.450 respectively. Combined analyses showed that DON with distinct physicochemical properties played dual roles (NO3--N precursor and denitrification promoter) to varying degrees, which could have significant impacts on NO3--N accumulation in groundwater. This study may provide guidance for environmental risk evaluation and control strategies for NO3--N pollution in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jia Xin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhixiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xilai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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18
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Tokranov AK, LeBlanc DR, Pickard HM, Ruyle BJ, Barber LB, Hull RB, Sunderland EM, Vecitis CD. Surface-water/groundwater boundaries affect seasonal PFAS concentrations and PFAA precursor transformations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1893-1905. [PMID: 34779453 PMCID: PMC8673475 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking-water supplies are a major concern for human health. It is therefore essential to understand factors that affect PFAS concentrations in surface water and groundwater and the transformation of perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) precursors that degrade into terminal compounds. Surface-water/groundwater exchange can occur along the flow path downgradient from PFAS point sources and biogeochemical conditions can change rapidly at these exchange boundaries. Here, we investigate the influence of surface-water/groundwater boundaries on PFAS transport and transformation. To do this, we conducted an extensive field-based analysis of PFAS concentrations in water and sediment from a flow-through lake fed by contaminated groundwater and its downgradient surface-water/groundwater boundary (defined as ≤100 cm below the lake bottom). PFAA precursors comprised 45 ± 4.6% of PFAS (PFAA precursors + 18 targeted PFAA) in the predominantly oxic lake impacted by a former fire-training area and historical wastewater discharges. In shallow porewater downgradient from the lake, this percentage decreased significantly to 25 ± 11%. PFAA precursor concentrations decreased by 85% between the lake and 84-100 cm below the lake bottom. PFAA concentrations increased significantly within the surface-water/groundwater boundary and in downgradient groundwater during the winter months despite lower stable concentrations in the lake water source. These results suggest that natural biogeochemical fluctuations associated with surface-water/groundwater boundaries may lead to PFAA precursor loss and seasonal variations in PFAA concentrations. Results of this work highlight the importance of dynamic biogeochemical conditions along the hydrological flow path from PFAS point sources to potentially affected drinking water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Tokranov
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northborough, MA 01532, USA
| | | | - Heidi M Pickard
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Bridger J Ruyle
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | | | | | - Elsie M Sunderland
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chad D Vecitis
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Fu H, Ding L, Zhai J, Wang X. Purification effect evaluation of the designed new volcanic soil adsorption material containing bioreactor for eutrophic water treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:59821-59833. [PMID: 34148168 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the purification effect of a new adsorption material containing bioreactor and the critical role of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria in a eutrophication ecosystem. Major water quality parameters of the prepared eutrophic water were determined, and the microbial community was analyzed during 2 years. The results showed that removal rates of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 90.7-95.9%, 84.5-92.4%, 87.9-95.8%, and 68.3-82.7%, respectively, indicating the high efficiency of the bioreactor in the eutrophic water treatment. Although the bioreactor had been operated for 2 years, water from the treatment group was much clearer and odorless than from the control group, exhibiting the long service life of the bioreactor. Stopping operation in August caused significant decrease of the removal rates of major water quality parameters (p < 0.05). This operational stop event and high temperature in summer exerted a dual effect on the bioreactor, whereas the impact could be minimized when the bioreactor was running. Moreover, the total bacteria under +Rpf (active resuscitation-promoting factor) treatment were higher than under -Rpf (inactive resuscitation-promoting factor) treatment, implying that Rpf could resuscitate VBNC bacteria in the eutrophication ecosystem. Nine strains of VBNC bacteria were isolated based on the BLAST results of the 16S rRNA gene. Also, these bacteria might contribute to the eutrophic water treatment based on their functions of phosphorus collecting and denitrification. These results provided new insights for engineering technology innovations, and consequently these findings had benefits in eutrophic water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Fu
- School of Safety and Environment Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Linxian Ding
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jingyu Zhai
- Ecological Environment Monitoring Station of Yuxi city, Department of Ecology and Environment of Yunnan Province, Yuxi, 653100, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510070, China.
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20
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Dong Y, Sanford RA, Connor L, Chee-Sanford J, Wimmer BT, Iranmanesh A, Shi L, Krapac IG, Locke RA, Shao H. Differential structure and functional gene response to geochemistry associated with the suspended and attached shallow aquifer microbiomes from the Illinois Basin, IL. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117431. [PMID: 34320445 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the clear ecological significance of the microbiomes inhabiting groundwater and connected ecosystems, our current understanding of their habitats, functionality, and the ecological processes controlling their assembly have been limited. In this study, an efficient pipeline combining geochemistry, high-throughput FluidigmTM functional gene amplification and sequencing was developed to analyze the suspended and attached microbial communities inhabiting five groundwater monitoring wells in the Illinois Basin, USA. The dominant taxa in the suspended and the attached microbial communities exhibited significantly different spatial and temporal changes in both alpha- and beta-diversity. Further analyses of representative functional genes affiliated with N2 fixation (nifH), methane oxidation (pmoA), and sulfate reduction (dsrB, and aprA), suggested functional redundancy within the shallow aquifer microbiomes. While more diversified functional gene taxa were observed for the suspended microbial communities than the attached ones except for pmoA, different levels of changes over time and space were observed between these functional genes. Notably, deterministic and stochastic ecological processes shaped the assembly of microbial communities and functional gene reservoirs differently. While homogenous selection was the prevailing process controlling assembly of microbial communities, the neutral processes (e.g., dispersal limitation, drift and others) were more important for the functional genes. The results suggest complex and changing shallow aquifer microbiomes, whose functionality and assembly vary even between the spatially proximate habitats and fractions. This research underscored the importance to include all the interface components for a more holistic understanding of the biogeochemical processes in aquifer ecosystems, which is also instructive for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Dong
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Robert A Sanford
- Department of Geology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Liang Shi
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
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21
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Wu H, Bertilsson S, Zhang W, Li Y, Hui C, Wang H, Li J, Niu L. Integrating experiments with system-level biogeochemical modeling to understand nitrogen cycling of reservoir sediments at elevated hydrostatic pressure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111671. [PMID: 34273369 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Impoundment of rivers to construct reservoirs for hydropower and irrigation greatly increase the hydrostatic pressure acting on river sediments with potential repercussions for ecosystem-level microbial activity and metabolism. Understanding the functioning and responses of key biogeochemical cycles such as that of nitrogen cycling to shifting hydrostatic pressure is needed to estimate and predict the systemic nutrient dynamics in deep-water reservoirs. We studied the functioning of bacterial communities involved in nitrogen transformation in bioreactors maintained under contrasting hydrostatic pressures (0.5 MPa-3.0 MPa) and complemented the experimental approach with a functional gene-informed biogeochemical model. The model predictions were broadly consistent with observations from the experiment, suggesting that the rates of N2O production decreased while the sediment concentration of nitrite increased significantly with increasing pressure, at least when exceeding 1.0 MPa. Changes in nitrite reduction (nirS) and aerobic ammonia oxidation (amoA) genes abundances were in accordance with the observed changes in N2O production and nitrite levels. Moreover, the model predicted that the higher pressures (P > 1.5 MPa) would intensify the inhibition of N2 production via denitrification and result in an accumulation of ammonia in the sediment along with a decrease in dissolved oxygen. The results imply that increased hydrostatic pressure caused by dam constructions may have a strong effect on microbial nitrogen conversion, and that this may result in lower nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Stefan Bertilsson
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Cizhang Hui
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Haolan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Lihua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
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22
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Yang J, Wan Y, Zhang M, Cao Z, Leng X, Zhao D, An S. Accelerated nitrogen consumption in sediment by Tubifex tubifex and its significance in eutrophic sediment remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:115925. [PMID: 33139096 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sediment remediation in eutrophic aquatic ecosystems is imperative, but effective ecological measures are scarce. A pilot-scale trial investigated sediment remediation by the addition of Tubifex tubifex. The results showed that the addition of T. tubifex accelerated sediment organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) loss, with averages of 7.7% and 75.1% increased loss (IL) compared to treatments without T. tubifex in the 60-day experiment, respectively. The percentages of the increased in water to the IL in sediment were only 0.6%, 0.21%, 2.1% and 6.3% for NH4+-N, NOx--N, TN and COD, respectively, at the end of the experiment. The absolute abundances of the nitrifying genes AOA and AOB; the denitrifying genes napA, nirS, nirK, cnorB and nosZ; and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation gene anammox increased 2.3- to 11.0-fold with the addition of T. tubifex. Therefore, the addition of T. tubifex is an effective strategy for sediment remediation by accelerating OM and N loss in sediment without substantially increasing the water N concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiang Yang
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China; Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu (NJUecoRICH), Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yun Wan
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China; Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu (NJUecoRICH), Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China; Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu (NJUecoRICH), Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhifan Cao
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China; Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu (NJUecoRICH), Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xin Leng
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China; Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu (NJUecoRICH), Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dehua Zhao
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China; Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu (NJUecoRICH), Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Shuqing An
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China; Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu (NJUecoRICH), Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, PR China
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23
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Covatti G, Grischek T. Sources and behavior of ammonium during riverbank filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 191:116788. [PMID: 33422978 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium is an undesirable substance in the abstracted water of riverbank filtration (RBF) schemes, due mainly to the complications it causes during post-treatment. Based on the investigation of case studies from 40 sites around the world, an overview of the sources and behavior of ammonium during RBF is given. Typical concentrations of ammonium in the bank filtrate (BF) are between 0.1 and 1.7 mg/l. The most common source of ammonium in BF is the mineralization of organic nitrogen occurring in the riverbed, while the most common sink of ammonium is nitrification in the riverbed. Ammonium surface water concentrations do not directly translate to abstracted concentrations. Transformations in the riverbed play a critical role in determining ammonium concentrations, whereby riverbeds with high amounts of organic material will have more electron donor competitors for oxygen, thus limiting ammonium attenuation via nitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Covatti
- Dresden University of Applied Sciences, Friedrich-List-Platz 1, 01069Dresden, Germany.
| | - Thomas Grischek
- Dresden University of Applied Sciences, Friedrich-List-Platz 1, 01069Dresden, Germany
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24
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Cozzarelli IM, Kent DB, Briggs M, Engle MA, Benthem A, Skalak KJ, Mumford AC, Jaeschke J, Farag A, Lane JW, Akob DM. Geochemical and geophysical indicators of oil and gas wastewater can trace potential exposure pathways following releases to surface waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142909. [PMID: 33131866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Releases of oil and gas (OG) wastewaters can have complex effects on stream-water quality and downstream organisms, due to sediment-water interactions and groundwater/surface water exchange. Previously, elevated concentrations of sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), barium (Ba), strontium (Sr), and lithium (Li), and trace hydrocarbons were determined to be key markers of OG wastewater releases when combined with Sr and radium (Ra) isotopic compositions. Here, we assessed the persistence of an OG wastewater spill in a creek in North Dakota using a combination of geochemical measurements and modeling, hydrologic analysis, and geophysical investigations. OG wastewater comprised 0.1 to 0.3% of the stream-water compositions at downstream sites in February and June 2015 but could not be quantified in 2016 and 2017. However, OG-wastewater markers persisted in sediments and pore water for 2.5 years after the spill and up to 7.2-km downstream from the spill site. Concentrations of OG wastewater constituents were highly variable depending on the hydrologic conditions. Electromagnetic measurements indicated substantially higher electrical conductivity under the bank adjacent to a seep 7.2 km downstream from the spill site. Geomorphic investigations revealed mobilization of sediment is an important contaminant transport process. Labile Ba, Ra, Sr, and ammonium (NH4) concentrations extracted from sediments indicated sediments are a long-term reservoir of these constituents, both in the creek and on the floodplain. Using the drivers of ecological effects identified at this intensively studied site we identified 41 watersheds across the North Dakota landscape that may be subject to similar episodic inputs from OG wastewater spills. Effects of contaminants released to the environment during OG waste management activities remain poorly understood; however, analyses of Ra and Sr isotopic compositions, as well as trace inorganic and organic compound concentrations at these sites in pore-water provide insights into potentials for animal and human exposures well outside source-remediation zones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas B Kent
- U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Martin Briggs
- U.S. Geological Survey, 11 Sherman Place, Unit 5015, Storrs Mansfield, CT 06269, USA
| | - Mark A Engle
- Dept. of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Adam Benthem
- U.S. Geological Survey, New England Water Science Center, 331 Commerce Way, Suite 2, Pembroke, NH 03275, USA
| | | | - Adam C Mumford
- U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - Jeanne Jaeschke
- U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - Aïda Farag
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Jackson Field Research Station, 1475 Fish Hatchery Rd, Jackson, WY 83001 USA
| | - John W Lane
- U.S. Geological Survey, 11 Sherman Place, Unit 5015, Storrs Mansfield, CT 06269, USA
| | - Denise M Akob
- U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., Reston, VA 20192, USA
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25
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Rakhimbekova S, O'Carroll DM, Oldfield LE, Ptacek CJ, Robinson CE. Spatiotemporal controls on septic system derived nutrients in a nearshore aquifer and their discharge to a large lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141262. [PMID: 32889253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates spatiotemporal variability in the behavior of septic system derived nutrients in a sandy nearshore aquifer and their discharge to a large lake. A groundwater nutrient-rich plume was monitored over a two-year period with the septic system origin of the plume confirmed using artificial sweeteners. High temporal variability in NO3-N attenuation in the nearshore aquifer prior to discharge to the lake (42-96%) reveals the complex behavior of NO3-N and potential importance of changing hydrological and geochemical conditions in controlling NO3-N discharge to the lake. While PO4-P was retarded in the nearshore aquifer, the PO4-P plume extended over 90 m downgradient of the septic system. It was estimated that the PO4-P plume may reach the lake within 10 years and represents a legacy issue whereby PO4-P loads to the lake may increase over time. To provide broader assessment of the contribution of septic systems to P and N loads to a large lake, a regional scale geospatial model was developed that considers the locations of individual septic systems along the Canadian Lake Erie shoreline. The estimated P and N loads indicate that septic systems along the shoreline are only a minor contributor to the annual P and N loads to Lake Erie. However, it is possible that nutrients from septic systems may contribute to localized algal blooms in shoreline areas with high septic system density. In addition, disproportionate P and N loads in discharging groundwater may change the N:P ratio in nearshore waters and promote growth of harmful cyanobacteria. The study provides new insights into factors controlling the function of the reaction zone near the groundwater-lake interface including its impact on groundwater-derived nutrient inputs to large lakes. Further, the study findings are needed to inform septic system and nutrient management programs aimed at reducing lake eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Rakhimbekova
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Denis M O'Carroll
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Manly Vale, NSW 2093, Australia
| | - Lauren E Oldfield
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Carol J Ptacek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Clare E Robinson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada.
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Liang Y, Ma R, Wang Y, Wang S, Qu L, Wei W, Gan Y. Hydrogeological controls on ammonium enrichment in shallow groundwater in the central Yangtze River Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140350. [PMID: 32886962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The controlling processes of excessive ammonium in surface water and groundwater in the central Yangtze River Basin remain unclear. In this study, monitoring of water levels and temporal-spatial distributions of major N compounds were implemented at the large Jiangshan plain and at the local site scale in the central Yangtze River Basin. The results indicate that the recharge, movement and transformation of ammonium were controlled by hydrogeological conditions. Manure and sewage from anthropogenic activities were identified as the main source of nitrogen compounds. The nitrogen loading into aquifers were governed by water table and groundwater flow. After entering subsurface soils, nitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) were proposed as the ammonium consumption and production mechanisms, respectively, by combining the concentrations of ammonium‑nitrogen and nitrate‑nitrogen with the corresponding isotopic compositions. These microbially mediated processes controlling transport and transformation of nitrogen compounds were influenced by the seasonally varying groundwater flow regime that changed the redox conditions in the aquifers. In the subsurface environments, ammonium was converted to nitrate when sufficient oxygen supply was available, and this process was reversed under anoxic conditions along the groundwater flow path. A conceptual model for the reactive transport of nitrogen compounds jointly controlled by the vertical groundwater flows and biogeochemical processes was proposed, which provides new insights into the genesis of high ammonium groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rui Ma
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yanxin Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Le Qu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenhao Wei
- Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiqun Gan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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27
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Kim DD, Park D, Yoon H, Yun T, Song MJ, Yoon S. Quantification of nosZ genes and transcripts in activated sludge microbiomes with novel group-specific qPCR methods validated with metagenomic analyses. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116261. [PMID: 32791454 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Substantial N2O emission results from activated sludge nitrogen removal processes. N2O-reducing organisms possessing NosZ-type N2O reductases have been recognized to play crucial roles in suppressing emission of N2O produced in anoxic activated sludge via denitrification; however, which of the diverse nosZ-possessing organisms function as the major N2O sink in situ remains largely unknown. Here, nosZ genes and transcripts in wastewater microbiomes were analyzed with the group-specific qPCR assays designed de novo combining culture-based and computational approaches. A sewage sample was enriched in a batch reactor fed continuous stream of N2 containing 20-10,000 ppmv N2O with excess amount (10 mM) of acetate as the source of carbon and electrons, where 14 genera of potential N2O-reducers were identified. All available amino acid sequences of NosZ affiliated to these taxa were grouped into five subgroups (two clade I and three clade II groups), and primers/probe sets exclusively and comprehensively targeting the subgroups were designed and validated with in silico PCR. Four distinct activated sludge samples from three different wastewater treatment plants in Korea were analyzed with the qPCR assays and the results were validated with the shotgun metagenome analysis results. With these group-specific qPCR assays, the nosZ genes and transcripts of six additional activated sludge samples were analyzed and the results of the analyses clearly indicated the dominance of two clade II nosZ subgroups (Flavobacterium-like and Dechloromonas-like) among both nosZ gene and transcript pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehyun D Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 350-701, Korea
| | - Doyoung Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 350-701, Korea
| | - Hyun Yoon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 350-701, Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Taeho Yun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 350-701, Korea
| | - Min Joon Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 350-701, Korea
| | - Sukhwan Yoon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 350-701, Korea.
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Guo Z, Kang Y, Hu Z, Liang S, Xie H, Ngo HH, Zhang J. Removal pathways of benzofluoranthene in a constructed wetland amended with metallic ions embedded carbon. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123481. [PMID: 32446233 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The limited adsorption capacity of the substrate and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in constructed wetlands (CWs) have inhibited their ability to efficiently remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from wastewater. Presently, biochar and activated carbon modified with Fe3+ and Mn4+ were used as effective sorbents in the removal of benzofluoranthene (BbFA), a typical PAH, in CW microcosms. The addition of metallic ions embedded carbon increased NO3-N accumulation by the reduction of Fe3+ and Mn4+, which led to improved BbFA degradation. Additionally, plant adsorption in root and stem sections were observed separately. The abundance of PAH-degrading microbes in the rhizosphere substrate was higher with the metallic ions embedded carbon than control group. The Fe3+, Mn4+ and NO3-N served as electron acceptors increased BbFA microbial degradation. The removal pathways of BbFA in the modified CWs were proposed which involved settlement in the substrate, plant absorption, and microbial degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhang Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yan Kang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huijun Xie
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Xie R, Rao P, Pang Y, Shi C, Li J, Shen D. Salt intrusion alters nitrogen cycling in tidal reaches as determined in field and laboratory investigations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138803. [PMID: 32361438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salinization is a growing problem throughout the world and poses a threat especially to freshwater ecosystems. However, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms by which salinity impacts microbially mediated biogeochemical processes. Elevated nitrogen (N) concentrations in estuarine ecosystems have led to their eutrophication, but the relationship between N transformation and the functional genes involved in the response to saltwater intrusion is poorly understood. Here, using the Minjiang River, a tidal river in southeastern China as an easily accessible natural laboratory, we conducted a 2-year field survey to investigate N speciation during ebb and flood tides. Then, in a laboratory experiment we simulated the varying degrees of salt intrusion that occur in natural tidal reaches. The microcosm study allowed quantitative assessments of N transformation and functional gene responses. The field surveys showed that concentrations of NH4+ rose during flood tides, while the concentrations of NO3- and total N fluctuated. In the microcosms, NO3- concentrations decreased in response to salt pulses, due to simultaneous declines in the abundance of genes responsible for nitrification and increases in the abundance of those involved in dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). The elevated salinity led to increased yields of NH4+, a response that correlated positively with the abundance of nrfA genes, involved in DNRA. Furthermore, an increase in salinity promoted N2O accumulation during the denitrification process. Altogether, our study suggests that saltwater intrusion leads to a decrease in nitrification while favoring N transformation via denitrification and DNRA and that N2O accumulation in the water is dependent on the strength of the salt pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Recycling of Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Section of Physical Oceanography and Instrumentation, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemuende, D-18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peiyuan Rao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yong Pang
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Chengchun Shi
- Fuzhou Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Jiabing Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Recycling of Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Dandan Shen
- Section of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemuende, D-18119 Rostock, Germany; Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Xu W, Wang L, Peng F, Zhang A, Xie X, Wang Z, Wang X, Lian J, Ni L, Cui Y, Zhang Y, Yang F, Zhu Y, Mao X. Spatiotemporal distribution and interaction of denitrifying functional genes in a novel DAS-NUA biofilter used for groundwater nitrate treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:136595. [PMID: 31945541 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A newly combined dewatered alum sludge (DAS) and neutralized used acid (NUA) biofilter has been constructed and investigated recently, aiming for improving nitrate (NO3--N) removal in simulated groundwater and exploring the spatiotemporal distribution of nirS and nosZ. The biofilter achieved 81.54% and 13.6 g N/ (m3 d) removal efficiency of NO3--N during the stabilization period. Spatiotemporal distributions of diversity and composition of nirS and nosZ varied approximately in two media with depths and time. Both DAS and NUA played important roles in attenuating nitrate because of predominant denitrifying genera functions, and the core differences were Rhodanobacter and Rhodobacter in DAS while Halomonas, Pseudogulbenkiania, and Cupriavidus in NUA. Acting as the strongly correlated genera, Magnetospirillum and Halomonas had a significantly positive or negative correlation with other dominant genera. Positive correlations existed among COD, TN, NO3--N, NO2--N, and both nirS and nosZ in the DAS filter, whereas the correlations were negative in the NUA filter. Particularly, the effluent concentration of NO3--N had a significantly negative correlation with the relative abundance of Rubrivivax and Pseudomonas. These results could be useful in adjusting the denitrification of nitrogen contaminants at the genetic level, especially in mitigating the influence of discharge of NO3--N on the process of groundwater restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Longmian Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Fuquan Peng
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Aiguo Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Xuege Xie
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Zibo Wang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, No.8-2 Anwai Dayangfang, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Jianjun Lian
- College of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Anhui 243002, PR China.
| | - Lixiao Ni
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yibin Cui
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Fei Yang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Yueming Zhu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Xuhui Mao
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
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Han JY, Kim DH, Oh S, Moon HS. Effects of water level and vegetation on nitrate dynamics at varying sediment depths in laboratory-scale wetland mesocosms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:134741. [PMID: 31767307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent increases in the frequency of extreme floods and droughts associated with climate change can affect fluctuating groundwater or wetland water levels and wetland plant growth, and consequently cause redox condition changes in nitrogen dynamics in wetland sediments. Here, we studied the fate of nitrate (NO3-), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and the microbial characteristics at different sediment depths in response to water levels (i.e., 5 or 2.5 cm) above the sediment surface and in the presence or absence of plants (Phragmites communis Trin) for four months in three wetland mesocosms. Results showed that mesocosm A (MA) with a high water level (5 cm above the surface) and plants had significantly higher DOC concentrations (17.57 ± 8.22 mg/L) in sediment that were actively consumed by microorganisms than other mesocosms with low water level (MB) and without plant (MC) (8.77 ± 2.38 mg/L and 7.87 ± 2.72 mg/L in MB and MC, respectively). Consequently, the most of influent NO3- (20 mg-N/L) dramatically reduced in the vicinity of plant roots (-20 to -15 cm sediment depth) where active denitrification was expected in MA. Moreover, the functional genes involved in denitrification such as narG (2.4 × 108 -3.5 × 108 copies·g-1) and nirS (5.6 × 106-1.1 × 107 copies·g-1) were more abundant in this mesocosm. The profile of the microbial community structure at the class level revealed that Alphaproteocbacteria (MA: 14.19 ± 1.19%; MB: 14.01 ± 0.51%; MC: 15.21 ± 2.76%) and Actinobacteria (MA: 8.21 ± 1.91%; MB: 13.91 ± 2.13%; MC: 11.75 ± 3.43%) were predominant in all three mesocosms. Interestingly, the clustered heatmap supported the obvious difference in microbial composition of MA from other mesocosms showing relatively more abundant Clostridia (6.71 ± 1.54%) and Deltaproteobacteria (7.05 ± 0.68%). These results can provide an insight to understand the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle associated with climate change in wetland systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Han
- Groundwater Research Center, Geologic Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea; Department of Mineral and Groundwater Resources, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Kim
- Groundwater Research Center, Geologic Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Seolran Oh
- Groundwater Research Center, Geologic Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea; Department of Mineral and Groundwater Resources, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sun Moon
- Groundwater Research Center, Geologic Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea; Department of Mineral and Groundwater Resources, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Nelson WC, Graham EB, Crump AR, Fansler SJ, Arntzen EV, Kennedy DW, Stegen JC. Distinct temporal diversity profiles for nitrogen cycling genes in a hyporheic microbiome. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228165. [PMID: 31986180 PMCID: PMC6984685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity is thought to prevent decline in community function in response to changing environmental conditions through replacement of organisms with similar functional capacity but different optimal growth characteristics. We examined how this concept translates to the within-gene level by exploring seasonal dynamics of within-gene diversity for genes involved in nitrogen cycling in hyporheic zone communities. Nitrification genes displayed low richness—defined as the number of unique within-gene phylotypes—across seasons. Conversely, denitrification genes varied in both richness and the degree to which phylotypes were recruited or lost. These results demonstrate that there is not a universal mechanism for maintaining community functional potential for nitrogen cycling activities, even across seasonal environmental shifts to which communities would be expected to be well adapted. As such, extreme environmental changes could have very different effects on the stability of the different nitrogen cycle activities. These outcomes suggest a need to modify existing conceptual models that link biodiversity to microbiome function to incorporate within-gene diversity. Specifically, we suggest an expanded conceptualization that 1) recognizes component steps (genes) with low diversity as potential bottlenecks influencing pathway-level function, and 2) includes variation in both the number of entities (e.g. species, phylotypes) that can contribute to a given process and the turnover of those entities in response to shifting conditions. Building these concepts into process-based ecosystem models represents an exciting opportunity to connect within-gene-scale ecological dynamics to ecosystem-scale services.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. Nelson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Emily B. Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alex R. Crump
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Fansler
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - Evan V. Arntzen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - David W. Kennedy
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
| | - James C. Stegen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America
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Tao K, Liu Y, Ke T, Zhang Y, Xiao L, Li S, Wei S, Chen L, Hu T. Patterns of bacterial and archaeal communities in sediments in response to dam construction and sewage discharge in Lhasa River. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 178:195-201. [PMID: 31009925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The increased anthropogenic activities in the Tibetan Plateau may threaten the river environmental safety. However, limited information is available on the Lhasa River in the Tibetan Plateau, which is known as the remaining pure land on Earth. Here, we firstly investigated the distribution patterns of bacterial and archaeal communities in sediments in response to dam construction and sewage discharge along the reaches of the Lhasa River. The total organic carbon, total Nitrogen (N), nitrate and ammonium contents and the relative abundance of bacteria and archaea significantly increased in reservoir sites in comparison with sites below dam, and they also gradually increased from upstream to downstream in sewage discharge sites. By contrast, the diversity of sediment bacteria and archaea in reservoir sites were significantly less than that in sites below dam and sewage discharge sites at Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) level. The dominant species were water-bloom cyanobacteria in the reservoir area of Zhikong Dam and Proteobacteria in the sewage discharge sites, which were significantly correlated with the nutrient concentration. The abundance of nitrogen functional genes significantly also increased in reservoir sites and the downstream of sewage discharge areas. These results suggested that dam construction and sewage discharge caused the increase of sediment bacterial communities and nutrient levels and potentially induced eutrophication in the Lhasa River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Tao
- School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Tan Ke
- School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yurui Zhang
- School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Shuangxi Li
- School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Sijie Wei
- School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lanzhou Chen
- School of Resource & Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei Research Center of Environment Remediation Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Tiesong Hu
- Department of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China.
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Hellman M, Bonilla-Rosso G, Widerlund A, Juhanson J, Hallin S. External carbon addition for enhancing denitrification modifies bacterial community composition and affects CH 4 and N 2O production in sub-arctic mining pond sediments. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 158:22-33. [PMID: 31009831 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Explosives used in mining operations release reactive nitrogen (N) that discharge into surrounding waters. Existing pond systems at mine sites could be used for N removal through denitrification and we investigated capacity in tailings and clarification pond sediments at an iron-ore mine site. Despite differences in microbial community structure in the two ponds, the potential denitrification rates were similar, although carbon limited. Therefore, a microcosm experiment in which we amended sediment from the clarification pond with acetate, cellulose or green algae as possible carbon sources was conducted during 10 weeks under denitrifying conditions. Algae and acetate treatments showed efficient nitrate removal and increased potential denitrification rates, whereas cellulose was not different from the control. Denitrifiers were overall more abundant than bacteria performing dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) or anaerobic ammonium oxidation, although DNRA bacteria increased in the algae treatment and this coincided with accumulation of ammonium. The algae addition also caused higher emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The bacterial community in this treatment had a large proportion of Bacteroidia, sulfate reducing taxa and bacteria known as fermenters. Functional gene abundances indicated an imbalance between organisms that produce N2O in relation to those that can reduce it, with the algae treatment showing the lowest relative capacity for N2O reduction. These findings show that pond sediments have the potential to contribute to mitigating nitrate levels in water from mining industry, but it is important to consider the type of carbon supply as it affects the community composition, which in turn can lead to unwanted processes and increased greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hellman
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Box 7026, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Germán Bonilla-Rosso
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Box 7026, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anders Widerlund
- Luleå University of Technology, Division of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, 97187, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Jaanis Juhanson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Box 7026, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sara Hallin
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Box 7026, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Boshers DS, Granger J, Tobias CR, Böhlke JK, Smith RL. Constraining the Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Nitrate Produced by Nitrification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1206-1216. [PMID: 30605314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (15N/14N) and oxygen (18O/16O) in nitrate (NO3-) enable identification of sources, dispersal, and fate of natural and contaminant NO3- in aquatic environments. The 18O/16O of NO3- produced by nitrification is often assumed to reflect the proportional contribution of oxygen atom sources, water, and molecular oxygen, in a 2:1 ratio. Culture and seawater incubations, however, indicate oxygen isotopic equilibration between nitrite (NO2-) and water, and kinetic isotope effects for oxygen atom incorporation, which modulate the NO3- 18O/16O produced during nitrification. To investigate the influence of kinetic and equilibrium effects on the isotopic composition of NO3- produced from the nitrification of ammonia (NH3), we incubated streamwater supplemented with ammonium (NH4+) and increments of 18O-enriched water. Resulting NO3- 18O/16O ratios showed (1) a disproportionate sensitivity to the 18O/16O ratio of water, mediated by isotopic equilibration between water and NO2-, as well as (2) kinetic isotope discrimination during O atom incorporation from molecular oxygen and water. Empirically, the NO3- 18O/16O ratios thus produced fortuitously converge near the 18O/16O ratio of water. More elevated NO3- 18O/16O values commonly reported in soils and oxic groundwater may thus derive from processes additional to nitrification, including NO3- reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Boshers
- Department of Marine Sciences , University of Connecticut , 1080 Shennecossett Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Julie Granger
- Department of Marine Sciences , University of Connecticut , 1080 Shennecossett Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Craig R Tobias
- Department of Marine Sciences , University of Connecticut , 1080 Shennecossett Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - John K Böhlke
- U.S. Geological Survey , 431 National Center , Reston , Virginia 20192 , United States
| | - Richard L Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey , 3215 Marine Street , Boulder , Colorado 80303 , United States
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Kim H, Kaown D, Mayer B, Lee JY, Lee KK. Combining pyrosequencing and isotopic approaches to assess denitrification in a hyporheic zone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:755-764. [PMID: 29544179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyporheic zones are considered hot spots for numerically vast and phylogenetically diverse microbial communities. However, biogeochemical effects of hyporheic zones have rarely been investigated in detail because of the difficulty in accurately measuring denitrification in these zones. To date, little is known about the hydroecology of hyporheic zones. The effect of changes in hydraulic conditions on the community variations of indigenous microorganisms and water quality was examined based on the depth of the hyporheic zone. In particular, we report on the use of the pyrosequencing technique to elucidate denitrifying bacteria (DNB) community profiles combined with the stable isotope composition of nitrate and hydrological patterns in the hyporheic zones to reveal whether denitrification occurs. δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3 values of nitrate were analyzed to evaluate the transformation processes of nitrate in upwelling and downwelling areas and mixed zones. The isotope values indicated different origins of water in upwelling and downwelling zones and that denitrification occurred predominantly in the upwelling areas. Analyses of microbial communities in the hyporheic zone showed that the new genera, species, and isotope data were associated with the hydrological uniqueness of the hyporheic zones. The 16S rRNA sequences were determined and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the DNB communities distributed and gathered the genus Comamonas denitrificans within the mixing patterns of the hyporheic zones and that the relative scarcity of these microbes in these zones was caused by the lack of appropriate substrates. The delineation of the surface water-groundwater mixing zone was quantitatively determined by systematically combining the hydrological and heat transfer analyses and by comparing denitrifying bacteria communities and N isotope data. This study showed that pyrosequencing and isotopic approaches are useful for evaluating the transformation processes of nitrate at the upwelling and downwelling points of a hyporheic zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejung Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dugin Kaown
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bernhard Mayer
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary T2N 1N4, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jin-Yong Lee
- Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Kun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Zhu L, Qin B, Zhou J, Van Dam B, Shi W. Effects of turbulence on carbon emission in shallow lakes. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 69:166-172. [PMID: 29941252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Turbulent mixing is enhanced in shallow lakes. As a result, exchanges across the air-water and sediment-water interfaces are increased, causing these systems to be large sources of greenhouse gases. This study investigated the effects of turbulence on carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions in shallow lakes using simulated mesocosm experiments. Results demonstrated that turbulence increased CO2 emissions, while simultaneously decreasing CH4 emissions by altering microbial processes. Under turbulent conditions, a greater fraction of organic carbon was recycled as CO2 instead of CH4, potentially reducing the net global warming effect because of the lower global warming potential of CO2 relative to CH4. The CH4/CO2 flux ratio was approximately 0.006 under turbulent conditions, but reached 0.078 in the control. The real-time quantitative PCR analysis indicated that methanogen abundance decreased and methanotroph abundance increased under turbulent conditions, inhibiting CH4 production and favoring the oxidation of CH4 to CO2. These findings suggest that turbulence may play an important role in the global carbon cycle by limiting CH4 emissions, thereby reducing the net global warming effect of shallow lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Taihu Lake Laboratory Ecosystem Station, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 73, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Boqiang Qin
- Taihu Lake Laboratory Ecosystem Station, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 73, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Taihu Lake Laboratory Ecosystem Station, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road 73, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Bryce Van Dam
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, USA
| | - Wenqing Shi
- Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulics Research Institute, Guangzhoulu 223, Nanjing 210029, China
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38
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Su X, Cui G, Wang H, Dai Z, Woo NC, Yuan W. Biogeochemical zonation of sulfur during the discharge of groundwater to lake in desert plateau (Dakebo Lake, NW China). ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:1051-1066. [PMID: 28502020 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As one of the important elements of controlling the redox system within the hyporheic and hypolentic zone, sulfur is involved in a series of complex biogeochemical processes such as carbon cycle, water acidification, formation of iron and manganese minerals, redox processes of trace metal elements and a series of important ecological processes. Previous studies on biogeochemistry of the hyporheic and hypolentic zones mostly concentrated on nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus, heavy metals and other pollutants. Systematic study of biogeochemical behavior of sulfur and its main controlling factors within the lake hypolentic zone is very urgent and important. In this paper, a typical desert plateau lake, Dakebo Lake in northwestern China, was taken for example within which redox zonation and biogeochemical characteristics of sulfur affected by hydrodynamic conditions were studied based on not only traditional hydrochemical analysis, but also environmental isotope evidence. In the lake hypolentic zone of the study area, due to the different hydrodynamic conditions, vertical profile of sulfur species and environmental parameters differ at the two sites of the lake (western side and center). Reduction of sulfate, deposition and oxidation of sulfide, dissolution and precipitation of sulfur-bearing minerals occurred are responded well to Eh, dissolved oxygen, pH, organic carbon and microorganism according to which the lake hypolentic zone can be divided into reduced zone containing H2S, reduced zone containing no H2S, transition zone and oxidized zone. The results of this study provide valuable insights for understanding sulfur conversion processes and sulfur biogeochemical zonation within a lake hypolentic zone in an extreme plateau arid environment and for protecting the lake-wetland ecosystem in arid and semiarid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosi Su
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China.
| | - Geng Cui
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Huang Wang
- China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Zhenxue Dai
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China
| | - Nam-Chil Woo
- Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenzhen Yuan
- Institute of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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39
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Yan A, Liu C, Liu Y, Xu F. Effect of ion exchange on the rate of aerobic microbial oxidation of ammonium in hyporheic zone sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:8880-8887. [PMID: 29330820 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbially mediated ammonium oxidation is a major process affecting nitrogen transformation and cycling in natural environments. This study investigated whether ion exchange process can affect microbially mediated aerobic oxidation of ammonium in a hyporheic zone (HZ) sediments from the Columbia River at US Department of Energy's Hanford site, Washington State. Experiments were conducted using synthetic groundwater and river water to investigate their effect on ammonium oxidation. Results indicated that ammonium sorption through ion exchange reactions decreased the rate of ammonium oxidation, apparently resulting from the influence of the ion exchange on dissolved ammonium concentration, thus decreasing the bioavailability of ammonium for microbial oxidation. However, with the decrease in dissolved ammonium concentration, the sorbed ammonium released back to aqueous phase, and became bioavailable so that all the ammonium in the suspensions were oxidized. Our results implied a dynamic change in ammonium oxidation rates in an environment such as at HZ where river water and groundwater with different chemical compositions exchange frequently that can affect ammonium sorption and desorption through ion exchange reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailan Yan
- Institute of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Chongxuan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Fen Xu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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40
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Briggs MA, Harvey JW, Hurley ST, Rosenberry DO, McCobb T, Werkema D, Lane JW. Hydrogeochemical controls on brook trout spawning habitats in a coastal stream. HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES 2018; 22:6383-6398. [PMID: 31097898 PMCID: PMC6516499 DOI: 10.5194/hess-22-6383-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) spawn in fall and overwintering egg development can benefit from stable, relatively warm temperatures in groundwater-seepage zones. However, eggs are also sensitive to dissolved oxygen concentration, which may be reduced in discharging groundwater (i.e., seepage). We investigated a 2 km reach of the coastal Quashnet River in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA, to relate preferred fish spawning habitats to geology, geomorphology, and discharging groundwater geochemistry. Thermal reconnaissance methods were used to locate zones of rapid groundwater discharge, which were predominantly found along the central channel of a wider stream valley section. Pore-water chemistry and temporal vertical groundwater flux were measured at a subset of these zones during field campaigns over several seasons. Seepage zones in open-valley sub-reaches generally showed suboxic conditions and higher dissolved solutes compared to the underlying glacial outwash aquifer. These discharge zones were cross-referenced with preferred brook trout redds and evaluated during 10 years of observation, all of which were associated with discrete alcove features in steep cutbanks, where stream meander bends intersect the glacial valley walls. Seepage in these repeat spawning zones was generally stronger and more variable than in open-valley sites, with higher dissolved oxygen and reduced solute concentrations. The combined evidence indicates that regional groundwater discharge along the broader valley bottom is predominantly suboxic due to the influence of near-stream organic deposits; trout show no obvious preference for these zones when spawning. However, the meander bends that cut into sandy deposits near the valley walls generate strong oxic seepage zones that are utilized routinely for redd construction and the overwintering of trout eggs. Stable water isotopic data support the conclusion that repeat spawning zones are located directly on preferential discharges of more localized groundwater. In similar coastal systems with extensive valley peat deposits, the specific use of groundwater-discharge points by brook trout may be limited to morphologies such as cutbanks, where groundwater flow paths do not encounter substantial buried organic material and remain oxygen-rich.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. Briggs
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hydrogeophysics Branch, 11 Sherman Place, Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Judson W. Harvey
- U.S. Geological Survey, Water Cycle Branch, M.S. 430, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - Stephen T. Hurley
- Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, 195 Bournedale Road, Buzzards Bay, MA 02532, USA
| | - Donald O. Rosenberry
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Research Program, M.S. 406, Bldg. 25, DFC, Lakewood, CO 80225, USA
| | - Timothy McCobb
- U.S. Geological Survey, 10 Bearfoot Road, Northborough, MA 01532, USA
| | - Dale Werkema
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Exposure Methods & Measurement Division, Environmental Chemistry Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA
| | - John W. Lane
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hydrogeophysics Branch, 11 Sherman Place, Unit 5015, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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41
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Liu Y, Liu C, Nelson WC, Shi L, Xu F, Liu Y, Yan A, Zhong L, Thompson C, Fredrickson JK, Zachara JM. Effect of Water Chemistry and Hydrodynamics on Nitrogen Transformation Activity and Microbial Community Functional Potential in Hyporheic Zone Sediment Columns. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4877-4886. [PMID: 28391700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyporheic zones (HZ) are active biogeochemical regions where groundwater and surface water mix. N transformations in HZ sediments were investigated in columns with a focus on understanding how the dynamic changes in groundwater and surface water mixing affect microbial community and its biogeochemical function with respect to N transformations. The results indicated that denitrification, DNRA, and nitrification rates and products changed quickly in response to changes in water and sediment chemistry, fluid residence time, and groundwater-surface water exchange. These changes were accompanied by the zonation of denitrification functional genes along a 30 cm advective flow path after a total of 6 days' elution of synthetic groundwater with fluid residence time >9.8 h. The shift of microbial functional potential toward denitrification was correlated with rapid NO3- reduction collectively affected by NO3- concentration and fluid residence time, and was resistant to short-term groundwater-surface water exchange on a daily basis. The results implied that variations in microbial functional potential and associated biogeochemical reactions in the HZ may occur at space scales where steep concentration gradients present along the flow path and the variations would respond to dynamic HZ water exchange over different time periods common to natural and managed riverine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Chongxuan Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen, Guangzhou 518055, China
| | - William C Nelson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Liang Shi
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Fen Xu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yunde Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Ailan Yan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Institute of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Lirong Zhong
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Christopher Thompson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - James K Fredrickson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - John M Zachara
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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42
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Jurado A, Borges AV, Brouyère S. Dynamics and emissions of N 2O in groundwater: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:207-218. [PMID: 28152458 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work reviews the concentrations, the dynamics and the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) in groundwater. N2O is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) and the primary stratospheric ozone depleting substance. The major anthropogenic source that contributes to N2O generation in aquifers is agriculture because the use of fertilizers has led to the widespread groundwater contamination by inorganic nitrogen (N) (mainly nitrate, NO3-). Once in the aquifer, this inorganic N is transported and affected by several geochemical processes that produce and consume N2O. An inventory of dissolved N2O concentrations is presented and the highest concentration is about 18.000 times higher than air-equilibrated water (up to 4004μg N L-1). The accumulation of N2O in groundwater is mainly due to denitrification and to lesser extent to nitrification. Their occurrence depend on the geochemical (e.g., NO3-, dissolved oxygen, ammonium and dissolved organic carbon) as well as hydrogeological parameters (e.g., groundwater table fluctuations and aquifer permeability). The coupled understanding of both parameters is necessary to gain insight on the dynamics and the emissions of N2O in groundwater. Overall, groundwater indirect N2O emissions seem to be a minor component of N2O emissions to the atmosphere. Further research might be devoted to evaluate the groundwater contribution to the indirect emissions of N2O because this will help to better constraint the N2O global budget and, consequently, the N budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jurado
- University of Liège, ArGEnCo, Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Aquapôle, B52/3 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | | | - Serge Brouyère
- University of Liège, ArGEnCo, Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Aquapôle, B52/3 Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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