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Freeling F, Armbruster D, Nödler K, Kunkel U, Scheurer M, Koschorreck J, Ternes TA. Metabolites are overlooked in environmental risk assessments and monitoring of pharmaceuticals: The case study of pantoprazole. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 256:121596. [PMID: 38685172 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The proton-pump inhibitor pantoprazole (PPZ) is one of the most consumed pharmaceuticals worldwide. Despite its high usage, reported PPZ concentrations in environmental water samples are comparatively low, which can be explained by the extensive metabolism of PPZ in the human body. Since most previous studies did not consider human PPZ metabolites it can be assumed that the current environmental exposure associated with the application of PPZ is substantially underestimated. In our study, 4'-O-demethyl-PPZ sulfide (M1) was identified as the predominant PPZ metabolite by analyzing urine of a PPZ consumer as well as the influent and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). M1 was found to be ubiquitously present in WWTP effluents (max. concentration: 3 000 ng/L) and surface waters in Germany. On average, the surface water concentrations of M1 were approximately 30 times higher than those of the parent compound PPZ. Laboratory scale experiments demonstrated that activated carbon can considerably adsorb M1 und thus improve its removal during wastewater and drinking water treatment. Laboratory ozonation experiments showed a fast oxidation of M1, accompanied by the formation of several ozonation products. Certain ozonation products (identities confirmed via synthesized reference standards) were also detected in water samples collected after ozonation in a full-scale WWTP. Overall lower signal intensities were observed in the effluents of a sand filter and biologically active granular activated carbon filter, suggesting that the compounds were significantly removed during these post-ozonation treatment stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finnian Freeling
- TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water Centre), Karlsruher Str. 84, Karlsruhe 76139, Germany
| | - Dominic Armbruster
- TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water Centre), Karlsruher Str. 84, Karlsruhe 76139, Germany
| | - Karsten Nödler
- TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water Centre), Karlsruher Str. 84, Karlsruhe 76139, Germany
| | - Uwe Kunkel
- Bavarian Environment Agency (LfU), Bürgermeister-Ulrich-Straße 160, 86179, Germany
| | - Marco Scheurer
- TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (German Water Centre), Karlsruher Str. 84, Karlsruhe 76139, Germany; Landesanstalt für Umwelt Baden-Württemberg (LUBW), Griesbachstr.1-3, Karlsruhe 76185, Germany
| | - Jan Koschorreck
- German Environment Agency, Bismarckplatz 1, Berlin 14193, Germany
| | - Thomas A Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, Koblenz 56068, Germany.
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2
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Lin J, Chi L, Yuan Q, Li B, Feng M. Photodegradation of typical pharmaceuticals changes toxicity to algae in estuarine water: A metabolomic insight. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168338. [PMID: 37931817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous existence of various pharmaceuticals in the marine environment has received global attention for their risk assessment. However, rather little is known thus far regarding the natural attenuation (e.g., photolysis)-induced product/mixture toxicity of these pharmaceuticals on marine organisms. In this study, the photodegradation behavior, product formation, and risks of two representative pharmaceuticals (i.e., ciprofloxacin, CIP; diclofenac, DCF) were explored in the simulated estuary water. It was noted that both pharmaceuticals can be completely photolyzed within 1 h, and five products of CIP and three products of DCF were identified by a high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. Accordingly, their photodecomposition pathways were tentatively proposed. The in silico prediction suggested that the formed transformation products maintained the persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and multi-endpoint toxic effects such as genotoxicity, developmental toxicity, and acute/chronic toxicity on different aquatic species. Particularly, the non-targeted metabolomics first elucidated that DCF and its photolytic mixtures can significantly affect the antioxidant status of marine algae (Heterosigma akashiwo), triggering oxidative stress and damage to cellular components. It is very alarming that the complete photolyzed DCF sample induced more serious oxidative stress than DCF itself, which called for more concern about the photolysis-driven ecological risks. Overall, this investigation first uncovered the overlooked but serious toxicity of the transformation products of prevalent pharmaceuticals during natural attenuation on marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Lin
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, China
| | - Lianbao Chi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- China United Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Busu Li
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Mingbao Feng
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, China
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3
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Xiong J, Li H, Ma X, Tan B, Gong Y, Xie D, Wang L, Yi H, You J. Tracing the attenuation of fipronil and its transformation products from a rice paddy field to receiving rivers using polar organic chemical integrative samplers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166824. [PMID: 37673241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Irrational use of fipronil for rice pest control often occurred, resulting in high concentrations of fipronil and its transformation products (TPs) (collectively termed fiproles) in aquatic sediment, calling for a better understanding of the migration and transformation of fipronil in surface water as well as efficient methods for source identification. Herein, the fate and transport of fiproles from a paddy field to receiving rivers were assessed in Poyang Lake basin, Jiangxi, China using polar organic chemical integrative samplers with mixed-mode adsorbents (POCIS-MMA). Average concentrations of fiproles in water were 6.16 ± 6.32 ng/L, with median, minimum, and maximum values being 2.99 ± 0.67, 0.40 ± 0.08, and 18.6 ± 3.1 ng/L, respectively. In all samples, over half of fiproles (55.9 %-90.8 %) presented in the form of TPs and fipronil desulfinyl was the dominant TP. Two approaches were applied for source identification, including the change of molar concentration ratios of fipronil to its TPs and the relative attenuation values of fiproles normalized to a reference compound (acetamiprid) that was stable in aquatic environment. While the paddy field upstream was the main source of waterborne fiproles, additional input sources in the downstream region were identified. The present study indicated that the combination of attenuation of molar concentration ratios of micro-pollutants to their respective TPs and relative attenuation values of micro-pollutants' concentrations normalized to a reference compound measured by POCIS is an effective means to study the migration and transformation of micro-pollutants in field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xiong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Baoxiang Tan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yongting Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Danping Xie
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Hao Yi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
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4
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Sieber G, Drees F, Shah M, Stach TL, Hohrenk-Danzouma L, Bock C, Vosough M, Schumann M, Sures B, Probst AJ, Schmidt TC, Beisser D, Boenigk J. Exploring the efficacy of metabarcoding and non-target screening for detecting treated wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:167457. [PMID: 37777125 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment processes can eliminate many pollutants, yet remainder pollutants contain organic compounds and microorganisms released into ecosystems. These remainder pollutants have the potential to adversely impact downstream ecosystem processes, but their presence is currently not being monitored. This study was set out with the aim of investigating the effectiveness and sensitivity of non-target screening of chemical compounds, 18S V9 rRNA gene, and full-length 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding techniques for detecting treated wastewater in receiving waters. We aimed at assessing the impact of introducing 33 % treated wastewater into a triplicated large-scale mesocosm setup during a 10-day exposure period. Discharge of treated wastewater significantly altered the chemical signature as well as the microeukaryotic and prokaryotic diversity of the mesocosms. Non-target screening, 18S V9 rRNA gene, and full-length 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding detected these changes with significant covariation of the detected pattern between methods. The 18S V9 rRNA gene metabarcoding exhibited superior sensitivity immediately following the introduction of treated wastewater and remained one of the top-performing methods throughout the study. Full-length 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding demonstrated sensitivity only in the initial hour, but became insignificant thereafter. The non-target screening approach was effective throughout the experiment and in contrast to the metabarcoding methods the signal to noise ratio remained similar during the experiment resulting in an increasing relative strength of this method. Based on our findings, we conclude that all methods employed for monitoring environmental disturbances from various sources are suitable. The distinguishing factor of these methods is their ability to detect unknown pollutants and organisms, which sets them apart from previously utilized approaches and allows for a more comprehensive perspective. Given their diverse strengths, particularly in terms of temporal resolution, these methods are best suited as complementary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Sieber
- Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Universitätsstraße. 5, Germany.
| | - Felix Drees
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Germany
| | - Manan Shah
- Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Environmental Metagenomics, Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Tom L Stach
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Universitätsstraße. 5, Germany; Environmental Metagenomics, Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Lotta Hohrenk-Danzouma
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Germany
| | - Christina Bock
- Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Universitätsstraße. 5, Germany
| | - Maryam Vosough
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Universitätsstraße. 5, Germany; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Germany
| | - Mark Schumann
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Universitätsstraße. 5, Germany
| | - Bernd Sures
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Universitätsstraße. 5, Germany; Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Universitätsstraße. 5, Germany; Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Germany
| | - Alexander J Probst
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Universitätsstraße. 5, Germany; Environmental Metagenomics, Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Universitätsstraße. 5, Germany; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Germany
| | - Daniela Beisser
- Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Universitätsstraße. 5, Germany
| | - Jens Boenigk
- Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Universitätsstraße. 5, Germany
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5
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Barbieri MV, Chiron S. Relevance of photocatalytic redox transformations of selected pharmaceuticals in a copper- and iron-rich Mediterranean intermittent river. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139762. [PMID: 37557999 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed at investigating specific attenuation pathways of pharmaceuticals in copper- and iron-rich Mediterranean intermittent and sunlit rivers by combining lab- and field-scale studies. Poorly photodegradable and biodegradable compounds such as fluconazole, oxazepam and venlafaxine attenuated in two river stretches with short hydraulic residence times (<3 h). This result was assumed to be related to their capacity to interact with photoreactive free Cu2+ and Fe3+ or their associated oxides. Lab-scale photodegradation experiments under simulated solar irradiation revealed the beneficial impact of a mixture Cu2+ and colloidal iron hydroxides at environmental concentrations and at neutral pH on the pharmaceuticals photodegradation kinetic rate constants. These latter were consistent with the in-stream attenuation rate constants of targeted contaminants which ranged from 0.104 to 0.154 h-1. Further identification of phototransformation products by LC-HRMS highlighted reductive transformation pathways including reductive dehalogenation and hydrogenation reactions. Several TPs were found to be stable under irradiation and were detected in field monitoring, accordingly. This was ascribed to the formation of a Cu/Fe composite material under solar irradiation with photocatalytic properties. The role of Cu was to trap the electron in the conduction band of the iron-based photocatalyst, which promoted separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs as well as enhanced photoreduction processes at the expense of oxidation ones. Even though, these mechanisms have been reported in water treatment field for organic micropollutants removal, their significance was demonstrated for the first time in natural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Barbieri
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | - Serge Chiron
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier cedex 5, France
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6
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Du R, Duan L, Zhang Q, Wang B, Huang J, Deng S, Yu G. Analysis on the attenuation characteristics of PPCPs in surface water and their influencing factors based on a compilation of literature data. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120203. [PMID: 37336183 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The attenuation characteristics of PPCPs play an important part in predicting their environmental concentrations. However, considerable uncertainty remains in reported laboratory data on the attenuation characteristics of PPCPs. In this analysis, we compile information on laboratory-observed photodegradation half-lives (t1/2), biodegradation t1/2, the organic carbon normalized adsorption constant (KOC) and field-observed overall attenuation t1/2 for PPCPs in water bodies from more than 200 peer-reviewed studies. To mitigate the effects of such uncertainty, we derive representative values (RV) for PPCP degradability from these records to better compare the characteristics of different PPCPs. We further examine the influence of experimental conditions and environmental drivers on the determination of t1/2 using difference analysis and correlation analysis. The results indicate that for laboratory photodegradation tests, different light sources, initial concentration and volume significantly affect t1/2, whereas there is no significant difference between values obtained from tests conducted in pure water and natural water. For biodegradation, laboratory-measured t1/2 values in batch, flume and column studies gradually decrease, marking the controlling role of experimental setup. Redox condition, initial concentration and volume are also recognized as important influencing factors. For adsorption, water-sediment ratio is the primary reaction parameter. As two frequently investigated factors, however, pH and temperature are not significant factors in almost all cases. In field observations, the persistence of carbamazepine, typically used as a tracer, is in doubt. Water depth and latitude are the most correlated drivers of t1/2, indicating the predominant status of photodegradation in the overall attenuation rates. These findings call for caution when selecting experimental parameters and environmental drivers in determining PPCP's attenuation rates and establishing PPCP fate models in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roujia Du
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qianxin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shubo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environmental and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
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7
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Seller C, Varga L, Börgardts E, Vogler B, Janssen E, Singer H, Fenner K, Honti M. Do biotransformation data from laboratory experiments reflect micropollutant degradation in a large river basin? WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119908. [PMID: 37003113 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Identifying a chemical's potential for biotransformation in the aquatic environment is crucial to predict its fate and manage its potential hazards. Due to the complexity of natural water bodies, especially river networks, biotransformation is often studied in laboratory experiments, assuming that study outcomes can be extrapolated to compound behavior in the field. Here, we investigated to what extent outcomes of laboratory simulation studies indeed reflect biotransformation kinetics observed in riverine systems. To determine in-field biotransformation, we measured loads of 27 wastewater treatment plant effluent-borne compounds along the Rhine and its major tributaries during two seasons. Up to 21 compounds were detected at each sampling location. Measured compound loads were used in an inverse model framework of the Rhine river basin to derive k'bio,field values - a compound-specific parameter describing the compounds' average biotransformation potential during the field studies. To support model calibration, we performed phototransformation and sorption experiments with all the study compounds, identifying 5 compounds that are susceptible towards direct phototransformation and determining Koc values covering four orders of magnitude. On the laboratory side, we used a similar inverse model framework to derive k'bio,lab values from water-sediment experiments run according to a modified OECD 308-type protocol. The comparison of k'bio,lab and k'bio,field revealed that their absolute values differed, pointing towards faster transformation in the Rhine river basin. Yet, we could demonstrate that relative rankings of biotransformation potential and groups of compounds with low, moderate and high persistence agree reasonably well between laboratory and field outcomes. Overall, our results provide evidence that laboratory-based biotransformation studies using the modified OECD 308 protocol and k'bio values derived thereof bear considerable potential to reflect biotransformation of micropollutants in one of the largest European river basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Seller
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Varga
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elizabeth Börgardts
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Bernadette Vogler
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Janssen
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Singer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Mark Honti
- ELKH-BME Water Research Group, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.
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8
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Veloso S, Amouroux D, Lanceleur L, Cagnon C, Monperrus M, Deborde J, Laureau CC, Duran R. Keystone microbial taxa organize micropollutant-related modules shaping the microbial community structure in estuarine sediments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130858. [PMID: 36706488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The fluctuation of environmental conditions drives the structure of microbial communities in estuaries, highly dynamic ecosystems. Microorganisms inhabiting estuarine sediments play a key role in ecosystem functioning. They are well adapted to the changing conditions, also threatened by the presence of pollutants. In order to determine the environmental characteristics driving the organization of the microbial assemblages, we conducted a seasonal survey along the Adour Estuary (Bay of Biscay, France) using 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing. Microbial diversity data were combined with a set of chemical analyses targeting metals and pharmaceuticals. Microbial communities were largely dominated by Proteobacteria (41 %) and Bacteroidota (32 %), showing a strong organization according to season, with an important shift in winter. The composition of microbial communities showed spatial distribution according to three main areas (upstream, middle, and downstream estuary) revealing the influence of the Adour River. Further analyses indicated that the microbial community was influenced by biogeochemical parameters (Corg/Norg and δ13C) and micropollutants, including metals (As, Cu, Mn, Sn, Ti, and Zn) and pharmaceuticals (norfloxacin, oxolinic acid and trimethoprim). Network analysis revealed specific modules, organized around keystone taxa, linked to a pollutant type, providing information of paramount importance to understand the microbial ecology in estuarine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Veloso
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les matériaux, Pau, France
| | - David Amouroux
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les matériaux, Pau, France
| | - Laurent Lanceleur
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les matériaux, Anglet, France
| | - Christine Cagnon
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les matériaux, Pau, France
| | - Mathilde Monperrus
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les matériaux, Anglet, France
| | - Jonathan Deborde
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les matériaux, Anglet, France; Ifremer, LITTORAL, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Cristiana Cravo Laureau
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les matériaux, Pau, France
| | - Robert Duran
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les matériaux, Pau, France.
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9
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Zhang Y, Sun B, Rao D, Zhang J, Liang S. Could manganate be an alternative of permanganate for micropollutant abatement? CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 321:138094. [PMID: 36758814 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Permanganate (MnO4-), an oxidant that has been applied in water treatment, has highly varied reactivity toward pollutants. In this study, we found manganate (MnO42-) could destruct diverse functional groups, with oxidation rates being higher than that of permanganate under acidic and neutral conditions. Mechanistic study revealed manganate rapidly disproportionated to permanganate and colloidal MnO2 in solution. Under acidic conditions, the in-situ formed colloidal MnO2 possess higher reactivity than permanganate and primarily contributed to the degradation of pollutants. The reactivity of in-situ formed colloidal MnO2 is highly sensitive to pH and decreased dramatically with increasing pH. Consequently, the contribution of MnO2 to pollutant removal decreased with elevating pH, which also leads to the decreased degradation efficiency of micropollutants at high pH. Manganate is an intermediate produced during the manufacturing process of permanganate. This study indicates that manganate might be an alternative of permanganate for water purification under acidic and neutral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiao Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Dandan Rao
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; School of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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10
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Wang S, Basijokaite R, Murphy BL, Kelleher CA, Zeng T. Combining Passive Sampling with Suspect and Nontarget Screening to Characterize Organic Micropollutants in Streams Draining Mixed-Use Watersheds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16726-16736. [PMID: 36331382 PMCID: PMC9730844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic micropollutants (OMPs) represent an anthropogenic stressor on stream ecosystems. In this work, we combined passive sampling with suspect and nontarget screening enabled by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry to characterize complex mixtures of OMPs in streams draining mixed-use watersheds. Suspect screening identified 122 unique OMPs for target quantification in polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and grab samples collected from 20 stream sites in upstate New York over two sampling seasons. Hierarchical clustering established the co-occurrence profiles of OMPs in connection with watershed attributes indicative of anthropogenic influences. Nontarget screening leveraging the time-integrative nature of POCIS and the cross-site variability in watershed attributes prioritized and confirmed 11 additional compounds that were ubiquitously present in monitored streams. Field sampling rates for 37 OMPs that simultaneously occurred in POCIS and grab samples spanned the range of 0.02 to 0.22 L/d with a median value of 0.07 L/d. Comparative analyses of the daily average loads, cumulative exposure-activity ratios, and multi-substance potentially affected fractions supported the feasibility of complementing grab sampling with POCIS for OMP load estimation and screening-level risk assessments. Overall, this work demonstrated a multi-watershed sampling and screening approach that can be adapted to assess OMP contamination in streams across landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiru Wang
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United
States
| | - Ruta Basijokaite
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Syracuse
University, 204 Heroy Geology Laboratory, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Bethany L. Murphy
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United
States
| | - Christa A. Kelleher
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Syracuse
University, 204 Heroy Geology Laboratory, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Teng Zeng
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United
States
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11
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Manasfi R, Tadić D, Gomez O, Perez S, Chiron S. Persistence of N-oxides transformation products of tertiary amine drugs at lab and field studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136661. [PMID: 36191765 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed at studying the formation and persistence of N-oxides transformation products (TPs) of tertiary amine drugs by combining laboratory and field studies relevant for surface water. A monitoring study using passive samplers was first achieved for assessing attenuation of selected pharmaceuticals and their related N-oxides and N-, O-dealkylated TPs (i.e., venlafaxine, tramadol, amisulpride and sulpiride) along a 1.7 km river stretch between two sampling sites. This study revealed the stability of tramadol-N-oxide, amisulpride-N-oxide and the fast dissipation of O-desmethylvenlafaxine-N-oxide, as well as the significance of N-oxidized TPs in comparison to N-dealkylated TPs and parent compounds in river. Lab-scale experiments were then implemented for a better understanding of their mechanisms of formation and degradation under aerobic water/sediment testing and under simulated solar photochemistry. N-oxidation reactions were always a minor transformation pathway under both degradation conditions with respect to N-and O-dealkylation reactions. The amount of generated N-oxides were similar for venlafaxine, tramadol and sulpiride and peaked in the 8.4-12.8% and <4% of their initial concentration (100 μg/L), during photodegradation and biodegradation experiments, respectively. Other transformation pathways such as hydroxylation and α-C-hydroxylation followed by oxidation to amide or dehydration were also identified. Investigated N-oxides TPs (except O-desmethylvenlafaxine-N-oxide) were found stable under solar photolysis and aerobic biodegradation with a very slight reverse reaction to parent compound observed for tramadol-N-oxide and amisulpride-N-oxide. Lab-scale degradation experiments were not able to anticipate the high occurrence levels of N-oxide compounds in the environment. This was most likely due to faster degradation kinetics and/or higher sorption to sediment of parent compounds and dealkylated TPs over N-oxide TPs, resulting in higher relative accumulation of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Manasfi
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier - CNRS - IRD, 15 Avenue Ch, Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - D Tadić
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier - CNRS - IRD, 15 Avenue Ch, Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - O Gomez
- ON HEALTH, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Perez
- ON HEALTH, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Chiron
- UMR HydroSciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier - CNRS - IRD, 15 Avenue Ch, Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.
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12
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Kamali N, Abbas F, Lehane M, Griew M, Furey A. A Review of In Situ Methods-Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) for the Collection and Concentration of Marine Biotoxins and Pharmaceuticals in Environmental Waters. Molecules 2022; 27:7898. [PMID: 36431996 PMCID: PMC9698218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) are in situ methods that have been applied to pre-concentrate a range of marine toxins, pesticides and pharmaceutical compounds that occur at low levels in marine and environmental waters. Recent research has identified the widespread distribution of biotoxins and pharmaceuticals in environmental waters (marine, brackish and freshwater) highlighting the need for the development of effective techniques to generate accurate quantitative water system profiles. In this manuscript, we reviewed in situ methods known as Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) for the collection and concentration of marine biotoxins, freshwater cyanotoxins and pharmaceuticals in environmental waters since the 1980s to present. Twelve different adsorption substrates in SPATT and 18 different sorbents in POCIS were reviewed for their ability to absorb a range of lipophilic and hydrophilic marine biotoxins, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, antibiotics and microcystins in marine water, freshwater and wastewater. This review suggests the gaps in reported studies, outlines future research possibilities and guides researchers who wish to work on water contaminates using Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) and Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Kamali
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Department Physical Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
- HALPIN Centre for Research & Innovation, National Maritime College of Ireland (NMCI), Munster Technological University (MTU), P43 XV65 Ringaskiddy, Ireland
| | - Feras Abbas
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Department Physical Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
- CREATE (Centre for Research in Advanced Therapeutic Engineering) and BioExplore, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary Lehane
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Department Physical Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
- CREATE (Centre for Research in Advanced Therapeutic Engineering) and BioExplore, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael Griew
- HALPIN Centre for Research & Innovation, National Maritime College of Ireland (NMCI), Munster Technological University (MTU), P43 XV65 Ringaskiddy, Ireland
| | - Ambrose Furey
- Mass Spectrometry Group, Department Physical Sciences, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
- CREATE (Centre for Research in Advanced Therapeutic Engineering) and BioExplore, Munster Technological University (MTU), Rossa Avenue, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
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13
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Wei R, Escher BI, Glaser C, König M, Schlichting R, Schmitt M, Störiko A, Viswanathan M, Zarfl C. Modeling the Dynamics of Mixture Toxicity and Effects of Organic Micropollutants in a Small River under Unsteady Flow Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14397-14408. [PMID: 36170232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of anthropogenic organic micropollutants in rivers poses a long-term threat to surface water quality. To describe and quantify the in-stream fate of single micropollutants, the advection-dispersion-reaction (ADR) equation has been used previously. Understanding the dynamics of the mixture effects and cytotoxicity that are cumulatively caused by micropollutant mixtures along their flow path in rivers requires a new concept. Thus, we extended the ADR equation from single micropollutants to defined mixtures and then to the measured mixture effects of micropollutants extracted from the same river water samples. Effects (single and mixture) are expressed as effect units and toxic units, the inverse of effect concentrations and inhibitory concentrations, respectively, quantified using a panel of in vitro bioassays. We performed a Lagrangian sampling campaign under unsteady flow, collecting river water that was impacted by a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. To reduce the computational time, the solution of the ADR equation was expressed by a convolution-based reactive transport approach, which was used to simulate the dynamics of the effects. The dissipation dynamics of the individual micropollutants were reproduced by the deterministic model following first-order kinetics. The dynamics of experimental mixture effects without known compositions were captured by the model ensemble obtained through Bayesian calibration. The highly fluctuating WWTP effluent discharge dominated the temporal patterns of the effect fluxes in the river. Minor inputs likely from surface runoff and pesticide diffusion might contribute to the general effect and cytotoxicity pattern but could not be confirmed by the model-based analysis of the available effect and chemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Clarissa Glaser
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria König
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rita Schlichting
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Schmitt
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Störiko
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michelle Viswanathan
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christiane Zarfl
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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14
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Koroša A, Mali N. Control of organic contaminants in groundwater by passive sampling and multivariate statistical analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115440. [PMID: 35717694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic contaminants in groundwater are among the most challenging chemical compound contaminants today, particularly when it comes to understanding their occurrence, origin, and relations in groundwater, as well as the transport processes, fate, and environmental impacts involved. This paper presents the use of active carbon fibre (AFC) passive sampling and multivariate statistical processing of the results to predict the possible occurrence of organic compounds (OCs) in groundwater and to determine the origin of various anthropogenic activity. This study aims to deepen our knowledge on the control of OCs in groundwater by introducing a multi-analytical and multi-elemental holistic approach, using the Dravsko polje aquifer, the largest intergranular aquifer in Slovenia, as an example. The occurrence of OCs in groundwater was determined by means of ACFs and compared against the characteristics of the recharge area and the type of compounds detected. We combined hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the relationship between different OCs in groundwater. The relationships between their occurrence, environmental setting and type of compound were determined using multiple linear regression (MLR). From the total of 343 organic compounds detected using passive sampling, 47 were included in further statistical analysis. MLR shows that the environmental setting is one of the most important factors affecting the different types of pollutants in groundwater. MLR models were calculated for different sources of pollution (agricultural, urban, and industrial) based on the environmental setting, land use, agglomeration, infrastructure networks, and hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer. By means of HCA and PCA, we identified the relationships between different OCs in groundwater. As expected, the strongest correlations were found between primary compounds and their degradation products (e.g. atrazine and desethylatrazine) and compounds of similar use (e.g. atrazine and propazine, also desethylatrazine and propazine, atrazine and simazine). Some of them were also found to have a similar molecular structure (e.g. palmitic and stearic acid, 5-methoxygramine and 5-methoxytryptamine). The use of the same substances in different environments (agricultural/urban) makes them markers of both (different) origins. Therefore, it is particularly important to determine the combination of markers of different origin using multivariate statistical methods, especially in the case of mixed land use. This study identifies the main factors influencing the distribution of groundwater OCs and thus contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the vulnerability of shallow groundwater to surface-derived contamination in similar environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koroša
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Department of Hydrogeology, Dimičeva Ulica 14, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - N Mali
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Department of Hydrogeology, Dimičeva Ulica 14, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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15
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Zakari-Jiya A, Frazzoli C, Obasi CN, Babatunde BB, Patrick-Iwuanyanwu KC, Orisakwe OE. Pharmaceutical and personal care products as emerging environmental contaminants in Nigeria: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:103914. [PMID: 35738461 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasingly broad and massive use of pharmaceuticals (human, veterinary) and personal care products in industrially developing nations makes their uncontrolled environmental and ecological impact a true concern. Focusing on Nigeria, this systematic literature search (databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane library and African Journals Online) aims to increase visibility to the issue. Among 275 articles identified, 7 were included in this systematic review. Studies indicated the presence of 11 personal care products (15.94 %) and 58 pharmaceutical products (84.06 %) in surface and ground water, leachates, runoffs, sludge, and sediments. The 42.86% (3/7) of reviewed studies reported 17 analgesics; 71.42 % (5/7) reported 16 antibiotics; 28.57 % (2/7) reported 5 lipid lowering drugs; 28.57% reported anti-malaria and fungal drugs; 14.29 % (1/7) reported estrogen drugs. Different studies report on sunscreen products, hormone, phytosterol, insect repellent, and β1 receptor. Gemfibrozil (<4-730 ng/L), Triclosan (55.1-297.7 ng/L), Triclocarban (35.6-232.4 ng/L), Trimethoprim (<1-388 ng/L) and Tramadol (<2-883 ng/L) had the highest range of concentrations. Findings confirm the need of i) legislation for environmental monitoring, including biota, ii) toxicological profiling of new market products, and iii) sensitization on appropriate use and disposal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Zakari-Jiya
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Italian National Institute of Health), Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nwadiuto Obasi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Bolaji Bernard Babatunde
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley C Patrick-Iwuanyanwu
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Orish E Orisakwe
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria; Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
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16
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Bavumiragira JP, Ge J, Yin H. Fate and transport of pharmaceuticals in water systems: A processes review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153635. [PMID: 35124044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are globally consumed by humans and animals to support daily health and to treat disease. Following consumption, they may reach the aquatic environment either directly through the discharge of untreated wastewater to water bodies, or indirectly via treated wastewater as a result of their incomplete removal from wastewater treatment plants. This paper reviews the processes that control the occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in water systems, including sorption, photodegradation, hydrolysis and biodegradation. The degree to which these four processes occur is influenced by pharmaceutical types and their chemical structure as well as environmental factors such as sunlight, water depth, organic matter content, water chemistry, sediment properties, and type and abundance of microorganisms. Depending on the complex interactions of these factors, pharmaceutical compounds may be mineralized, partially degraded, or remain intact because they are resistant to degradation. Kinetic rate parameters and the half-life of a variety of pharmaceutical products are provided herein for the above processes under different environmental conditions. Usually, photodegradation and biodegradation represent dominant reaction processes, while hydrolysis only affects some pharmaceuticals, particularly antibiotics. The identified sorption and reaction rate parameters can be incorporated into a concise modeling framework to assess and predict longitudinal concentration profiles of pharmaceutical products in the manmade and natural systems, particularly when large amounts of pharmaceuticals are discharged during abnormal events such as a virus outbreak. Finally, future research is suggested, including the fate of transformed products (intermediates) in water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Pierre Bavumiragira
- UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia'ning Ge
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hailong Yin
- UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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17
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Malnes D, Ahrens L, Köhler S, Forsberg M, Golovko O. Occurrence and mass flows of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in Sweden's three largest lakes and associated rivers. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133825. [PMID: 35114267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are a concern in aquatic environments due to possible adverse effects on the environment and humans. This study assessed the occurrence and mass flows of CECs in Sweden's three largest lakes and 24 associated rivers. The occurrence and distribution of 105 CECs was investigated, comprising 71 pharmaceuticals, 13 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), eight industrial chemicals, four personal care products (PCPs), three parabens, two pesticides, and four other CECs (mostly anthropogenic markers). This is the first systematic study of CECs in Sweden's main lakes and one of the first to report environmental concentrations of the industrial chemicals tributyl citrate acetate and 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl-ether. The ∑CEC concentration was generally higher in river water (31-5200 ng/L; median 440 ng/L) than in lake water (36-900 ng/L; median 190 ng/L). At urban lake sites, seasonal variations were observed for PCPs and parabens, and also for antihistamines, antidiabetics, antineoplastic agents, antibiotics, and fungicides. The median mass CEC load in river water was 180 g/day (range 4.0-4300 g/day), with a total mass load of 5000 g/day to Lake Vänern, 510 g/day to Lake Vättern, and 5600 g/day to Lake Mälaren. All three lakes are used as drinking water reservoirs, so further investigations of the impact of CECs on the ecosystem and human health are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Malnes
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden.
| | - Stephan Köhler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden; Uppsala Water and Waste AB, Uppsala, SE, 754 50, Sweden
| | - Malin Forsberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE, 750 07, Sweden.
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18
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Passive Sampling with Active Carbon Fibres in the Determination of Organic Pollutants in Groundwater. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Legislation addressing the quality of groundwater and increasing concerns over public health calls for the development of analytical methods that can produce accurate and precise results at the ppt level. Passive sampling has been recognised as a helpful tool in identifying various organic pollutants in groundwater, even when their presence had not yet been identified through conventional groundwater quality monitoring. The article presents an analytical method involving a simple and cost-effective passive sampling device using Zorflex® activated carbon fibres (ACFs) for the qualitative monitoring of a broad range of organic pollutants in water in a single run. The applicability of the method developed was tested in three hydrogeological studies. In the first case, we present a non-targeted qualitative screening and a list of 892 different contaminants detected in the groundwater in Slovenia. In the second case, we discuss the presence and origin of organic compounds in the groundwater from a pilot area of the urban aquifer, Ljubljansko polje. The third case presents a comparison of results between passive and grab sampling. Passive sampling with ACFs confirmed the presence of a pollutant, even when it had not been previously detected through a quantitative method.
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19
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Elkayar K, Park JA, Pineda M, Westlund P, Yargeau V. Passive sampling and in vitro assays to monitor antiandrogens in a river affected by wastewater discharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150067. [PMID: 34509830 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products, antibiotics, estrogens, and antiandrogens are found widely in aquatic environments. Monitoring studies by sampling surface water and effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been conducted recently to monitor antiandrogens, which, along with estrogens, cause endocrine disruption. However, few studies have investigated antiandrogenic activity (AA) combined with a chemical analyses of emerging antiandrogens. Therefore, we analyzed the presence and persistence of 12 types of antiandrogens, atrazine, and carbamazepine using grab sampling and polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) along a river affected by WWTP discharges. Water and sediment samples were collected from the WWTP effluent (WW), as well as upstream (US) and downstream (DS) of the WWTP. We detected only tebuconazole, triclosan, propiconazole, and fluconazole during the two sampling campaigns in 2016 and 2017. Grab sampling of the site WW detected tebuconazole (7-77 ng/L), propiconazole (5-47 ng/L), and fluconazole (6-45 ng/L). However, the concentrations in the river water were below the detection limits. Nevertheless, fluconazole and triclosan were detected by POCIS in the site WW (45.7 and 26.8 ng/L, respectively) and all river samples ranges of 0.3-9.3 and 2.4-3.7, respectively. This detection was attributed to the limit of quantification of POCIS being lower than that of grab sampling. Nilutamide and triclosan were detected in the river sediment, suggesting that their concentrations in the water column were at least partly attenuated through sediment sorption. We also observed AA by analyzing POCIS extracts with the yeast androgen screen assay. The highest AA was found in the site WW and it was still observable several kilometers downstream of the point of discharge despite decreasing. Therefore, the WWTP effluent was most likely contributor to the persistent AA in the river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem Elkayar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University, Montréal H3A 0C5, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeong-Ann Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Marco Pineda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University, Montréal H3A 0C5, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul Westlund
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University, Montréal H3A 0C5, Québec, Canada
| | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University, Montréal H3A 0C5, Québec, Canada.
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20
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Kim M, Hong S, Cha J, Kim Y, Lee CE, An Y, Shin KH. Multimedia distributions and the fate of microcystins from freshwater discharge in the Geum River Estuary, South Korea: Applicability of POCIS for monitoring of microalgal biotoxins. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118222. [PMID: 34571464 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the characteristics of the environmental multimedia distribution of microcystins (MCs) introduced from freshwater discharge through the estuary dam of the Geum River. In addition, the applicability of a passive sampling device (polar organic chemical integrative sampler, POCIS) for monitoring MCs was evaluated. Surface water, suspended solids (SS), sediments, and oysters were collected from the inner and outer estuary dam. Seven MC variants were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS. POCIS was deployed at three sites over one week, and MCs were monitored for four weeks from August to September 2019. Before POCIS was deployed in the field, compounds-specific sampling rates of MCs were determined as functions of water temperature (10, 20, and 30 °C), flow rate (0, 0.38, and 0.76 m s-1), and salinity (0, 15, and 30 psu) in the laboratory. The sampling rates of MCs in POCIS increased significantly with increasing water temperature and flow rate, whereas salinity did not significantly affect the sampling rates between freshwater and saltwater. The MCs in the Geum River Estuary mainly existed as particulate forms (mean: 78%), with relatively low proportions of dissolved forms (mean: 22%), indicating that MCs were mainly contained in cyanobacterial cells. There was no significant correlation among the concentrations of MCs in water, SS, sediments, and oysters. Time-weighted average concentrations of MCs from POCIS were not significantly correlated with the concentrations of MCs in water and oysters. The metabolites of MCs, including MC-LR-GSH, MC-LR-Cys, MC-RR-GSH, and MC-RR-Cys, were detected in oysters (no metabolites were detected in POCIS). Overall, POCIS can be useful for monitoring dissolved MCs in the aquatic ecosystem, particularly in calculating time-weighted average concentrations, but it seems to have limitations in evaluating the contamination status of total MCs, mainly in particulate form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mungi Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihyun Cha
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngnam Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Eon Lee
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonyoung An
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
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21
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Álvarez-Ruiz R, Hawker DW, Mueller JF, Gallen M, Kaserzon S, Picó Y, McLachlan MS. Postflood Monitoring in a Subtropical Estuary and Benchmarking with PFASs Allows Measurement of Chemical Persistence on the Scale of Months. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14607-14616. [PMID: 34664504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of chemical persistence in natural environments can provide insight into behavior not easily replicated in laboratory studies. However, it is difficult to find environmental situations suitable for such measurements, particularly for substances with half-lives exceeding several weeks. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that a strategic postflood monitoring campaign can be used to quantify transformation half-lives on the scale of months in a real aquatic system. Water samples were collected in the upper Brisbane River estuary on 36 occasions over 37 weeks and analyzed for 127 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). High quality time trend data were obtained for 41 substances. For many of these, data on the input of a wastewater treatment plant to the upper estuary were also obtained. A mass balance model of the estuary stretch was formulated and parametrized using PFASs as persistent benchmarking chemicals. Transformation half-life estimates were obtained for 10 PPCPs and 7 pesticides ranging from 18 to 260 days. Furthermore, insight was obtained into dominant transformation processes as well as the magnitude of chemical inputs to the estuary and their sources. The approach developed shows that under certain conditions, estuaries can be used to quantify the persistence of organic contaminants with half-lives of the order of several months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Álvarez-Ruiz
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE-UV, GV, CSIC), Moncada-Naquera Road km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia Spain
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Darryl W Hawker
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- Griffith School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Michael Gallen
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Sarit Kaserzon
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE-UV, GV, CSIC), Moncada-Naquera Road km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia Spain
| | - Michael S McLachlan
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
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22
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Harb M, Zarei-Baygi A, Wang P, Sawaya CB, McCurry DL, Stadler LB, Smith AL. Antibiotic transformation in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor linked to membrane biofilm microbial activity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111456. [PMID: 34111440 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although extensive research to date has focused on enhancing removal rates of antibiotics from municipal wastewaters, the transformation products formed by anaerobic treatment processes remain understudied. The present work aims to examine the possible roles that the different microbial communities of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) play in the transformation of antibiotics during wastewater treatment. As part of this work, sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, and ampicillin were added in separate stages to the influent of the AnMBR at incremental concentrations of 10, 50, and 250 μg/L each. Antibiotic-specific transformation products detected during each stage, as identified by high resolution LC-MS, are reported herein. Results suggest that both isoxazole (sulfamethoxazole) and β-lactam (ampicillin) ring opening could be facilitated by the AnMBR's bioprocess. Microbial community analysis results indicated that relative activity of the system's suspended biomass consistently shifted towards syntrophic groups throughout the duration of the experiment. Notable differences were also observed between the suspended biomass and the AnMBR's membrane biofilms. Membrane-attached biofilm communities showed high relative activities of several specific methanogenic (Methanothrix and Methanomethylovorans), syntrophic (Syntrophaceae), and sulfate-reducing (Desulfomonile) groups. Such groups have been previously identified as involved in the formation of the antibiotic degradation products observed in the effluent of the AnMBR. The activity of these communities within the biofilms likely confers certain advantages that aid in the biotransformation of the antibiotics tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustapha Harb
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lebanese American University, 309 Bassil Building, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Ali Zarei-Baygi
- Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, 3620 South Vermont Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90089
| | - Phillip Wang
- Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, 3620 South Vermont Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90089
| | - Christelle BouNehme Sawaya
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lebanese American University, 309 Bassil Building, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Daniel L McCurry
- Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, 3620 South Vermont Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90089
| | - Lauren B Stadler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS 519, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Adam L Smith
- Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, 3620 South Vermont Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90089.
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23
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Schmitt M, Wack K, Glaser C, Wei R, Zwiener C. Separation of Photochemical and Non-Photochemical Diurnal In-Stream Attenuation of Micropollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8908-8917. [PMID: 34110816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
For a better process understanding of in-stream attenuation of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs), quantitative comparisons between field studies under different environmental conditions and controlled laboratory experiments are important to separate different processes. However, this is hampered by the challenge to transfer kinetics from the laboratory to different field conditions due to the lack of good quantitative measures to account for different boundary conditions. For phototransformation, in situ light conditions in a river are difficult to determine because light is reduced, for instance, by absorption, scattering on suspended particles, and shading effects. In this study, we present an approach to separate photochemical from non-photochemical diurnal in-stream attenuation based on rate constants relative to diclofenac, as a reference compound, to account for the difference in the in situ light conditions combined with laboratory experiments. 12 out of 45 detected target TrOCs showed a diurnal attenuation at a selected river stretch. A non-photochemical process, potentially biotransformation, was responsible for the diurnal attenuation of bisoprolol, metoprolol, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, tramadol, and venlafaxine. Attenuation of amisulpride, flufenamic acid, hydrochlorothiazide, naproxen, and xipamide can be quantitatively explained by phototransformation, partially for sotalol. Attenuation rate constants of hydrochlorothiazide at different field sites from this study and from published data range over 2 orders of magnitude. Differences can be quantitatively explained by different light exposures but not by water chemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schmitt
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Wack
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Clarissa Glaser
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ran Wei
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Zwiener
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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24
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Xiong J, Tan B, Ma X, Li H, You J. Tracing neonicotinoid insecticides and their transformation products from paddy field to receiving waters using polar organic chemical integrative samplers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125421. [PMID: 33611040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides are ubiquitous in surface water worldwide, yet the transportation and transformation of these compounds in aquatic environment remain unclear. In the present study, polar organic chemical integrative sampler with mixed-mode adsorbents (POCIS-MMA) was developed for simultaneously tracing environmental fate of seven neonicotinoids and 10 transformation products (TPs) from a paddy field to receiving waters in Poyang Lake basin, Jiangxi, China. All neonicotinoids (5.20 ± 0.75‒866 ± 143 ng/L) and seven TPs (116 ± 4‒334 ± 78 ng/L) were detected, demonstrating widespread occurrence of these insecticides in aquatic environment. Dinotefuran (up to 802 ± 139 ng/L) and its TP, 1-methyl-3- (tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl) guanidium dihydrogen (DN) (103 ± 4‒320 ± 76 ng/L) were the dominant neonicotinoids and TPs with mean concentrations of 200 ± 296 and 208 ± 58 ng/L, respectively. Spatial attenuation of neonicotinoids stretched downstream along the rivers, while TP concentrations firstly increased (D1‒S6) and then kept constant (S7‒S16) from upstream to downstream. Though paddy field was the main source of neonicotinoids, additional input sources downstream were identified by analyzing the composition of neonicotinoids and their TPs. Our study highlighted the applicability of POCIS-MMA passive sampling to investigate the transportation and transformation of neonicotinoids in agricultural waterways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Baoxiang Tan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
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25
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Desiante WL, Minas NS, Fenner K. Micropollutant biotransformation and bioaccumulation in natural stream biofilms. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 193:116846. [PMID: 33540344 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Micropollutants are ubiquitously found in natural surface waters and pose a potential risk to aquatic organisms. Stream biofilms, consisting of bacteria, algae and other microorganisms potentially contribute to bioremediating aquatic environments by biotransforming xenobiotic substances. When investigating the potential of stream biofilms to remove micropollutants from the water column, it is important to distinguish between different fate processes, such as biotransformation, passive sorption and active bioaccumulation. However, due to the complex nature of the biofilm community and its extracellular matrix, this task is often difficult. In this study, we combined biotransformation experiments involving natural stream biofilms collected up- and downstream of wastewater treatment plant outfalls with the QuEChERS extraction method to distinguish between the different fate processes. The QuEChERS extraction proved to be a suitable method for a broad range of micropollutants (> 80% of the investigated compounds). We found that 31 out of 63 compounds were biotransformed by the biofilms, with the majority being substitution-type biotransformations, and that downstream biofilms have an increased biotransformation potential towards specific wastewater-relevant micropollutants. Overall, using the experimental and analytical strategy developed, stream biofilms were demonstrated to have a broad inherent micropollutant biotransformation potential, and to thus contribute to bioremediation and improving ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner L Desiante
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nora S Minas
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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26
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Target, suspect and non-target screening analysis from wastewater treatment plant effluents to drinking water using collision cross section values as additional identification criterion. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:425-438. [PMID: 33768366 PMCID: PMC8748347 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The anthropogenic entry of organic micropollutants into the aquatic environment leads to a potential risk for drinking water resources and the drinking water itself. Therefore, sensitive screening analysis methods are needed to monitor the raw and drinking water quality continuously. Non-target screening analysis has been shown to allow for a more comprehensive investigation of drinking water processes compared to target analysis alone. However, non-target screening is challenging due to the many features that can be detected. Thus, data processing techniques to reduce the high number of features are necessary, and prioritization techniques are important to find the features of interest for identification, as identification of unknown substances is challenging as well. In this study, a drinking water production process, where drinking water is supplied by a water reservoir, was investigated. Since the water reservoir provides surface water, which is anthropogenically influenced by wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, substances originating from WWTP effluents and reaching the drinking water were investigated, because this indicates that they cannot be removed by the drinking water production process. For this purpose, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an ion-mobility high-resolution mass spectrometer (UPLC-IM-HRMS) was used in a combined approach including target, suspect and non-target screening analysis to identify known and unknown substances. Additionally, the role of ion-mobility-derived collision cross sections (CCS) in identification is discussed. To that end, six samples (two WWTP effluent samples, a surface water sample that received the effluents, a raw water sample from a downstream water reservoir, a process sample and the drinking water) were analyzed. Positive findings for a total of 60 substances in at least one sample were obtained through quantitative screening. Sixty-five percent (15 out of 23) of the identified substances in the drinking water sample were pharmaceuticals and transformation products of pharmaceuticals. Using suspect screening, further 33 substances were tentatively identified in one or more samples, where for 19 of these substances, CCS values could be compared with CCS values from the literature, which supported the tentative identification. Eight substances were identified by reference standards. In the non-target screening, a total of ten features detected in all six samples were prioritized, whereby metoprolol acid/atenolol acid (a transformation product of the two β-blockers metoprolol and atenolol) and 1,3-benzothiazol-2-sulfonic acid (a transformation product of the vulcanization accelerator 2-mercaptobenzothiazole) were identified with reference standards. Overall, this study demonstrates the added value of a comprehensive water monitoring approach based on UPLC-IM-HRMS analysis.
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27
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Badran I, Qut O, Manasrah AD, Abualhasan M. Continuous adsorptive removal of glimepiride using multi-walled carbon nanotubes in fixed-bed column. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:14694-14706. [PMID: 33219502 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution by emerging pollutants such as pharmaceutical and personal care products is one of today's biggest challenges. The presence of these emerging contaminants in water has raised increasing concern due to their frequent appearance and persistence in the aquatic ecosystem and threat to health and safety. The antidiabetic drug glimepiride, GPD, is among these compounds, and it possesses adverse effects on human health if not carefully administered. Several conventional processes were proposed for the elimination of these persistent contaminants, and adsorption is among them. Therefore, in this study, the adsorptive removal of GPD from water using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) supported on silica was explored on a fixed-bed column. The effects of bed-height, solution pH, and flow rate on the adsorptive removal of GPD were investigated. The obtained adsorption parameters using Sips, Langmuir, and Freundlich models were used to investigate the continuous adsorption. The results showed that the drug removal is improved with the increasing bed height; however, it decreased with the flow rate. The effect of pH indicated that the adsorption is significantly affected and increased in acidic medium. The convection-dispersion model coupled with Freundlich isotherm was developed and used to describe the adsorption breakthrough curves. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) was 275.3 mg/g, and the axial dispersion coefficients were ranged between 3.5 and 9.0 × 105 m2/s. The spent adsorbent was successfully regenerated at high pH by flushing with NaOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Badran
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Obada Qut
- Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Abdallah D Manasrah
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Street NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Carbon OxyTech Inc., 3655 36 Street NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2L 1Y8, Canada
| | - Murad Abualhasan
- Department of Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine
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28
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Park N, Jeon J. Emerging pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals in Nakdong River, Korea: Identification, quantitative monitoring, and prioritization. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128014. [PMID: 33297041 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extensive development and use of new anthropogenic chemicals have inevitably led to their presence in aquatic environments. Surface waters affected by sewage effluents have been exposed to these new substances. In the present study, the occurrence of anthropogenic substances, including pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals, was investigated in one of the major rivers in Korea, the Nakdong River. Furthermore, seasonal variations in their content were determined via annual monitoring. Through the suspect and non-target screening (SNTS) technique, 58 substances were newly identified in the river and integrated in the quantitative monitoring practice. The results revealed that niflumic acid and melamine exhibited the highest median concentrations, i.e., 320 ng/L and 11,000 ng/L, respectively. The results associated with seasonal change revealed that the concentration of a considerable number of substances increased in winter when the flow rate was low. Conversely, some substances exhibited high concentrations in summer (e.g., polyethylene glycol) and spring (e.g., niflumic acid). This was attributed to the seasonal changes in the consumption, prescriptions, or the application of alternative substances. These changes were also reflected by the risk quotient (RQ) values calculated from the concentration and toxicity values. Pharmaceuticals such as telmisartan and carbamazepine and industrial chemicals such as organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) and melamine accounted for approximately 90% of the total RQ. Major substances prioritized using the production of the RQ value and the detection frequency included OPFRs and telmisartan. It is recommended that these results be reflected in future water quality monitoring plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naree Park
- Graduate School of FEED of Eco-Friendly Offshore Structure, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea
| | - Junho Jeon
- Graduate School of FEED of Eco-Friendly Offshore Structure, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea; School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea; Department of Smart Ocean Environmental Energy, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea.
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29
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Coll C, Bier R, Li Z, Langenheder S, Gorokhova E, Sobek A. Association between Aquatic Micropollutant Dissipation and River Sediment Bacterial Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14380-14392. [PMID: 33104348 PMCID: PMC7676288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of micropollutant biodegradation is essential to determine the persistence of potentially hazardous chemicals in aquatic ecosystems. We studied the dissipation half-lives of 10 micropollutants in sediment-water incubations (based on the OECD 308 standard) with sediment from two European rivers sampled upstream and downstream of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharge. Dissipation half-lives (DT50s) were highly variable between the tested compounds, ranging from 1.5 to 772 days. Sediment from one river sampled downstream from the WWTP showed the fastest dissipation of all micropollutants after sediment RNA normalization. By characterizing sediment bacteria using 16S rRNA sequences, bacterial community composition of a sediment was associated with its capacity for dissipating micropollutants. Bacterial amplicon sequence variants of the genera Ralstonia, Pseudomonas, Hyphomicrobium, and Novosphingobium, which are known degraders of contaminants, were significantly more abundant in the sediment incubations where fast dissipation was observed. Our study illuminates the limitations of the OECD 308 standard to account for variation of dissipation rates of micropollutants due to differences in bacterial community composition. This limitation is problematic particularly for those compounds with DT50s close to regulatory persistence criteria. Thus, it is essential to consider bacterial community composition as a source of variability in regulatory biodegradation and persistence assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Coll
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic
Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Raven Bier
- Department
of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala
University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
- Stroud Water Research Center, AvondalePennsylvania, 19311, United States
| | - Zhe Li
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silke Langenheder
- Department
of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala
University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena Gorokhova
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sobek
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Glaser C, Zarfl C, Werneburg M, Böckmann M, Zwiener C, Schwientek M. Temporal and spatial variable in-stream attenuation of selected pharmaceuticals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:139514. [PMID: 32887017 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic micropollutants enter rivers mainly with discharges of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and pose a risk to aquatic ecosystems and water quality. A considerable knowledge gap exists for disentangling overlapping processes and driving conditions that control the fate of these pollutants. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the driving parameters for attenuation of selected pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, tramadol and venlafaxine) under field conditions. The presented study was performed at a small river (Ammer River, mean discharge 0.87 m3 s-1) which is hydrologically complex due to karstification, numerous artificial discharges, and engineered modifications of the channel. We applied a Lagrangian sampling scheme at two sequential river reaches. In general, for the investigated compounds and over the length of the tested reaches, the absolute net attenuation representative for 24 h was low (≤ 23% net attenuation), yet calculated half-lives were comparable to literature. Photodegradation is specifically relevant for the first river reach characterized by a higher net attenuation of the photosensitive compound diclofenac (14.5% ±11.3%) compared to the second section (9.8% ±13.7%). This is likely due to a spatial difference in canopy shading, which is supported by significant correlations (R2 ≥ 0.8) of the temporally changing 'temperature' and 'solar radiation' with time-specific degradation rate constants of photosensitive compounds for consecutive hourly water parcels. In general, the presented spatially and temporally resolved approach is a suitable tool to determine the attenuation of organic micropollutants and to narrow down the interpretation of net attenuation to a few reasonable processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Glaser
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Christiane Zarfl
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martina Werneburg
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Böckmann
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Zwiener
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Schwientek
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Khan HK, Rehman MYA, Malik RN. Fate and toxicity of pharmaceuticals in water environment: An insight on their occurrence in South Asia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 271:111030. [PMID: 32778310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds are newly recognized micropollutants which are ubiquitous in aquatic environment mainly due to direct discharge of treated and untreated wastewater from wastewater treatment plants. These contaminants have attracted mounted attention due to their toxic effects on aquatic life. They disrupt biological processes in non-target lower organisms upon exposure. Biodegradation, photo-degradation, and sorption are key processes which determine their fate in the environment. A variety of conventional and advanced treatment processes had been extensively investigated for the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater. However, due to structural complexity and varying operating parameters, complete removal seems ideal. Generally, due to high energy requirement of advanced treatment technology, it is considered cost ineffective. Transport of pharmaceutical compounds occurs via aquatic channels whereas sediments and aquatic colloids play a significant role as sinks for these contaminants. The current review provides a critical understanding of fate and toxicity of pharmaceutical compounds and highlights their vulnerability and occurrence in South Asia. Antibiotics, analgesics, and psychiatric drugs were found predominantly in the water environment of South Asian regions. Despite significant advances in understanding pharmaceuticals fate, toxicity, and associated risks since the 1990s, still substantial data gaps in terms of monitoring, human health risks, and legislation exist which presses the need to develop a more in-depth and interdisciplinary understanding of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudda Khaleeq Khan
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasir Abdur Rehman
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Xiong J, Li H, Ma X, Tan B, You J. A new configuration of polar organic chemical integrative sampler with nylon membranes to monitor emerging organophosphate ester contaminants in urban surface water. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110891. [PMID: 32593097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate ester contaminants, including organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are ubiquitous in surface water and pose a significant risk to aquatic organisms, thus it is important to develop effective methods for long-term monitoring of these emerging compounds. Polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) has become a promising monitoring tool for waterborne contaminants, yet recent studies found that the commonly used polyethersulfone (PES) membrane strongly sorbed some moderately hydrophobic compounds, resulting in long lag-phase for chemical accumulation in POCIS. In the present study, 0.45-μm nylon membranes was selected as POCIS diffusion-limiting membrane to design a new POCIS-Nylon configuration for analyzing moderately hydrophobic OPPs and OPFRs in water. The POCIS-Nylon had negligible lag-phase due to low sorption of OPPs and OPFRs to nylon membrane. Meanwhile, linear accumulation time and sensitivity for target contaminants using POCIS-Nylon retained similar to the traditional POCIS. Water velocity and chemical concentration had little impact on sampling rate (Rs), validating that the POCIS-Nylon was suitable for various water conditions. Finally, the occurrence of OPPs and OPFRs in urban waterways of Guangzhou, China was evaluated using the POCIS-Nylon with Rs values that were calibrated in the laboratory. The average concentration of OPPs was 4.97 ± 1.35 ng/L (range: 2.64 ± 1.28-6.54 ± 0.18 ng/L) and the average concentration of OPFRs was 400 ± 88 ng/L (range: 316 ± 24-615 ± 36 ng/L) across nine sampling sites. The present study provides a way to resolve the inherent challenge of accumulating hydrophobic substances by POCIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Baoxiang Tan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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Bulman DM, Remucal CK. Role of Reactive Halogen Species in Disinfection Byproduct Formation during Chlorine Photolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9629-9639. [PMID: 32598837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The multiple reactive oxidants produced during chlorine photolysis effectively degrade organic contaminants during water treatment, but their role in disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation is unclear. The impact of chlorine photolysis on dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition and DBP formation is investigated using lake water collected after coagulation, flocculation, and filtration at pH 6.5 and pH 8.5 with irradiation at three wavelengths (254, 311, and 365 nm). The steady-state concentrations of hydroxyl radical and chlorine radical decrease by 38-100% in drinking water compared to ultrapure water, which is primarily attributed to radical scavenging by natural water constituents. Chlorine photolysis transforms DOM through multiple mechanisms to produce DOM that is more aliphatic in nature and contains novel high molecular weight chlorinated DBPs that are detected via high-resolution mass spectrometry. Quenching experiments demonstrate that reactive chlorine species are partially responsible for the formation of halogenated DOM, haloacetic acids, and haloacetonitriles, whereas trihalomethane formation decreases during chlorine photolysis. Furthermore, DOM transformation primarily due to direct photolysis alters DOM such that it is more reactive with chlorine, which also contributes to enhanced formation of novel DBPs during chlorine photolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Manley Bulman
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christina K Remucal
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 660 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Ma R, Qu H, Wang B, Wang F, Yu G. Widespread monitoring of chiral pharmaceuticals in urban rivers reveals stereospecific occurrence and transformation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105657. [PMID: 32240890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to discuss the enantiomeric occurrence of chiral pharmaceuticals including 5 parent compounds (PCs) metoprolol, propranolol, atenolol, venlafaxine and fluoxetine as well as 6 of their transformation products (TPs) in surface water in Beijing. Among which, 9 out of 11 were detected during the two sampling campaigns with N-O-Didesmethylvenlafaxine (NODDV) and α-hydroxymetoprolol confirmed in the catchment for the first time. Metoprolol acid (MTPA) was the most abundant up to 1508 ng L-1, followed by metoprolol and O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV). Most compounds showed 100% detection frequency or nearly, while norfluoxetine (the main metabolite of fluoxetine) and 4-hydroxypropranololone (one TP of propranolol) were not detected. Metoprolol (MTP) and venlafaxine (VFX) did not vary significantly between two sampling periods with mean concentrations of 280.7 and 22.9 ng L-1, respectively. Enantiomeric enrichment was observed for venlafaxine, metoprolol and NODDV, where R-venlafaxine was preferentially biotransformed than the S-form through O-desmethylation. Risk assessment indicated that fluoxetine and atenolol could pose harmful effects to aquatic organisms. This work provides enantiospecific profiles of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), and extended the concept of applying the ratio of TPs vs. parent compound plus their enantiomeric traits for quantitative assessment of in situ biodegradation. Due to the considerable contribution by TPs (64% in present study) as well as the unexpected impacts from enantiomeric existence, the stereoselectivity of chiral pollutants during environmental process should be taken into account in future study. To the best of the authors' knowledge, it is the first comprehensive evaluation of chiral pharmaceuticals and transformation products at enantiomeric level in aquatic environment in China, which would facilitate better understanding of their environmental fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Han Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Liu W, Sutton NB, Rijnaarts HHM, Langenhoff AAM. Anaerobic biodegradation of pharmaceutical compounds coupled to dissimilatory manganese (IV) or iron (III) reduction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:119361. [PMID: 30245001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals in water have adverse effects on aquatic environment. Anaerobic pharmaceutical biodegradation coupled to dissimilatory manganese(Mn) (IV)- or iron(Fe) (III)-oxides reduction is potentially efficient but unexplored. In this study, batch experiments were performed using different Mn(IV) and Fe(III) species with a microbial inoculum pre-cultivated with 15 mM chemically-synthesized Mn(IV) and 10 mg L-1 metoprolol. Results show 26% caffeine and 52% naproxen are degraded with Mn(IV) as terminal electron acceptor and insignificant biodegradation for other pharmaceuticals tested. Reduction of Mn(IV) from drinking water treatment is coupled to anaerobic biodegradation of metoprolol and propranolol, resulting in removal efficiencies of 96% and 31%, respectively. The results indicate that adsorption contributes to the pharmaceutical removal during the first 10 days of incubation, while biodegradation is the main removal mechanism in the whole period. Fe(III) can also be used as electron acceptor in anaerobic pharmaceutical biodegradation. Over half of the added metoprolol is degraded with both chemically-synthesized Fe(III) and Fe(III)-citrate as terminal electron acceptors. However, this process did not occur when using Fe(III) from drinking water treatment or Fe(III)-based sorbents. This study indicates that anaerobic pharmaceutical biodegradation coupled to dissimilatory Mn(IV) or Fe(III) reduction is possible, and promising for application to cleaning wastewater treatment plant effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nora B Sutton
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Huub H M Rijnaarts
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alette A M Langenhoff
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Della-Flora A, Wilde ML, Pinto IDF, Lima ÉC, Sirtori C. Degradation of the anticancer drug flutamide by solar photo-Fenton treatment at near-neutral pH: Identification of transformation products and in silico (Q)SAR risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109223. [PMID: 32045729 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flutamide (FLUT) is a non-steroidal drug mainly used in the treatment of prostate cancer and has been detected in the aquatic environment at ng L-1 levels. The environmental fate and effects of FLUT have not yet been studied. Conventional treatment technologies fail to completely remove pharmaceuticals, so the solar photo-Fenton process (SPF) has been proposed as an alternative. In this study, the degradation of FLUT, at two different initial concentrations in ultra-pure water, was carried out by SPF. The initial SPF conditions were pH0 5, [Fe2+]0 = 5 mg L-1, and [H2O2]0 = 50 mg L-1. Preliminary elimination rates of 53.4% and 73.4%. The kinetics of FLUT degradation could be fitted by a pseudo-first order model and the kobs were 6.57 × 10-3 and 9.13 × 10-3 min-1 t30W and the half-life times were 95.62 and 73.10 min t30W were achieved for [FLUT]0 of 5 mg L-1 and 500 μg L-1, respectively. Analysis using LC-QTOF MS identified thirteen transformation products (TPs) during the FLUT degradation process. The main degradation pathways proposed were hydroxylation, hydrogen abstraction, demethylation, NO2 elimination, cleavage, and aromatic ring opening. Different in silico (quantitative) structure-activity relationship ((Q)SAR) freeware models were used to predict the toxicities and environmental fates of FLUT and the TPs. The in silico predictions indicated that these substances were not biodegradable, while some TPs were classified near the threshold point to be considered as PBT compounds. The in silico (Q)SAR predictions gave positive alerts concerning the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity endpoints. Additionally, the (Q)SAR toolbox software provided structural alerts corresponding to the positive alerts obtained with the different mutagenicity and carcinogenicity models, supporting the positive alerts with more proactive information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Della-Flora
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L Wilde
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Igor D F Pinto
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Éder C Lima
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Sirtori
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Pereira A, Silva L, Laranjeiro C, Lino C, Pena A. Selected Pharmaceuticals in Different Aquatic Compartments: Part I-Source, Fate and Occurrence. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051026. [PMID: 32106570 PMCID: PMC7179177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential risks associated with releases of human pharmaceuticals into the environment have become an increasingly important issue in environmental health. This concern has been driven by the widespread detection of pharmaceuticals in all aquatic compartments. Therefore, 22 pharmaceuticals, 6 metabolites and transformation products, belonging to 7 therapeutic groups, were selected to perform a systematic review on their source, fate and occurrence in different aquatic compartments, important issues to tackle the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The results obtained evidence that concentrations of pharmaceuticals are present, in decreasing order, in wastewater influents (WWIs), wastewater effluents (WWEs) and surface waters, with values up to 14 mg L−1 for ibuprofen in WWIs. The therapeutic groups which presented higher detection frequencies and concentrations were anti-inflammatories, antiepileptics, antibiotics and lipid regulators. These results present a broad and specialized background, enabling a complete overview on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic compartments.
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Mapping Micro-Pollutants and Their Impacts on the Size Structure of Streambed Communities. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently there has been increasing concern over the vast array of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) detected in streams and rivers worldwide. Understanding of the ecological implications of these compounds is limited to local scale case studies, partly as a result of technical limitations and a lack of integrative analyses. Here, we apply state-of-the-art instrumentation to analyze a complex suite of EOCs in the streambed of 30 UK streams and their effect on streambed communities. We apply the abundance–body mass (N–M) relationship approach as an integrative metric of the deviation of natural communities from reference status as a result of EOC pollution. Our analysis includes information regarding the N and M for individual prokaryotes, unicellular flagellates and ciliates, meiofauna, and macroinvertebrates. We detect a strong significant dependence of the N–M relationship coefficients with the presence of EOCs in the system, to the point of shielding the effect of other important environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and productivity. However, contrary to other stressors, EOC pollution showed a positive effect on the N–M coefficient in our work. This phenomenon can be largely explained by the increase in large-size tolerant taxa under polluted conditions. We discuss the potential implications of these results in relation to bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes. Our findings shed light on the impact of EOCs on the organization and ecology of the whole streambed community for the first time.
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Jaeger A, Coll C, Posselt M, Mechelke J, Rutere C, Betterle A, Raza M, Mehrtens A, Meinikmann K, Portmann A, Singh T, Blaen PJ, Krause S, Horn MA, Hollender J, Benskin JP, Sobek A, Lewandowski J. Using recirculating flumes and a response surface model to investigate the role of hyporheic exchange and bacterial diversity on micropollutant half-lives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:2093-2108. [PMID: 31631204 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00327d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the understanding of the fate of wastewater-derived organic micropollutants in rivers is crucial to improve risk assessment, regulatory decision making and river management. Hyporheic exchange and sediment bacterial diversity are two factors gaining increasing importance as drivers for micropollutant degradation, but are complex to study in field experiments and usually ignored in laboratory tests aimed to estimate environmental half-lives. Flume mesocosms are useful to investigate micropollutant degradation processes, bridging the gap between the field and batch experiments. However, few studies have used flumes in this context. We present a novel experimental setup using 20 recirculating flumes and a response surface model to study the influence of hyporheic exchange and sediment bacterial diversity on half-lives of the anti-epileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) and the artificial sweetener acesulfame (ACS). The effect of bedform-induced hyporheic exchange was tested by three treatment levels differing in number of bedforms (0, 3 and 6). Three levels of sediment bacterial diversity were obtained by diluting sediment from the River Erpe in Berlin, Germany, with sand (1 : 10, 1 : 1000 and 1 : 100 000). Our results show that ACS half-lives were significantly influenced by sediment dilution and number of bedforms. Half-lives of CBZ were higher than ACS, and were significantly affected only by the sediment dilution variable, and thus by bacterial diversity. Our results show that (1) the flume-setup is a useful tool to study the fate of micropollutants in rivers, and that (2) higher hyporheic exchange and bacterial diversity in the sediment can increase the degradation of micropollutants in rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jaeger
- Department Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
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Kleinsteuber S, Rohwerder T, Lohse U, Seiwert B, Reemtsma T. Sated by a Zero-Calorie Sweetener: Wastewater Bacteria Can Feed on Acesulfame. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2606. [PMID: 31824446 PMCID: PMC6879467 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The widely used artificial sweetener acesulfame K has long been considered recalcitrant in biological wastewater treatment. Due to its persistence and mobility in the aquatic environment, acesulfame has been used as marker substance for wastewater input in surface water and groundwater. However, recent studies indicated that the potential to remove this xenobiotic compound is emerging in wastewater treatment plants worldwide, leading to decreasing mass loads in receiving waters despite unchanged human consumption patterns. Here we show evidence that acesulfame can be mineralized in a catabolic process and used as sole carbon source by bacterial pure strains isolated from activated sludge and identified as Bosea sp. and Chelatococcus sp. The strains mineralize 1 g/L acesulfame K within 8–9 days. We discuss the potential degradation pathway and how this novel catabolic trait confirms the “principle of microbial infallibility.” Once the enzymes involved in acesulfame degradation and their genes are identified, it will be possible to survey diverse environments and trace back the evolutionary origin as well as the mechanisms of global distribution and establishment of such a new catabolic trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kleinsteuber
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thore Rohwerder
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ute Lohse
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bettina Seiwert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Glaser C, Schwientek M, Zarfl C. Designing field-based investigations of organic micropollutant fate in rivers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28633-28649. [PMID: 31385254 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic micropollutants in rivers are emitted via diffuse and point sources like from agricultural practice or wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Extensive laboratory and field experiments have been conducted to understand emissions and fate of these pollutants in freshwaters. Nevertheless, data is often difficult to compare since common protocols for appropriate approaches are largely missing. Thus, interpretation of the observed changes in substance concentrations and of the underlying fate of these compounds downstream of the chemical input into the river is still challenging. To narrow this research gap, (1) process understanding and (2) measurement approaches for field-based investigations are critically reviewed in this article. The review includes, on the one hand, processes that change the volume of the water (hydrological processes) and, on the other hand, processes that affect the substance mass within the water (distribution and transformation). Environmental boundary conditions for the purpose of better comparability of different attenuation studies, as well as promising state-of-the-art measurement approaches from different disciplines, are presented. This overview helps to develop a tailored procedure to assess turnover mechanisms of organic micropollutants under field conditions. In this respect, further research needs to standardize interdisciplinary approaches to increase the informative value of collected data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Glaser
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Marc Schwientek
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Zarfl
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
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Gallé T, Pittois D, Bayerle M, Braun C. An immission perspective of emerging micropollutant pressure in Luxembourgish surface waters: A simple evaluation scheme for wastewater impact assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:992-999. [PMID: 31352191 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While wastewater treatment plants have been identified as the most prominent source of emerging micropollutants in surface waters, prediction of their ambient concentrations remains a challenge. This is due to the variability of loads entering individual treatment plants and of the elimination capacity by the latter as well as potential attenuation in the river network. Although geospatially detailed models exist, they suffer from the same data input uncertainties. Here, we investigated the concentration profiles of 20 emerging pollutants in different river stretches in Luxembourg with variable sanitary pressures. Using carbamazepine as a recalcitrant wastewater indicator, the correlation of the compounds to the latter revealed source and fate variability as well as specific emitters. Relating carbamazepine to sanitary pressure, expressed as the sum of population equivalents in a catchment divided by its surface [PE ha-1] allowed predicting the impact of emerging pollutants on the entire river network. The limited variability of the pollutant profiles allowed for prioritization of impacted stretches depending on the different sanitary pressures at risk quotient exceedance. The main drivers of impact were triclosan, diclofenac, clarithromycine and diuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Gallé
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, ERIN Dept., Luxembourg.
| | - Denis Pittois
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, ERIN Dept., Luxembourg
| | - Michael Bayerle
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, ERIN Dept., Luxembourg
| | - Christian Braun
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, ERIN Dept., Luxembourg
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Coll C, Lindim C, Sobek A, Sohn MD, MacLeod M. Prospects for finding Junge variability-lifetime relationships for micropollutants in the Danube river. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:1489-1497. [PMID: 31389449 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Persistence of chemical pollutants is difficult to measure in the field. Junge variability-lifetime relationships, correlating the relative standard deviation of measured concentrations with residence time, have been used to estimate persistence of air pollutants. Junge relationships for micropollutants in rivers could provide evidence that half-lives of compounds estimated from laboratory and field data are representative of half-lives in a specific system, location and time. Here, we explore the hypothesis that Junge relationships could exist for micropollutants in the Danube river using: (1) concentrations of six hypothetical chemicals modeled using the STREAM-EU fate and transport model, and (2) concentrations of nine micropollutants measured in the third Joint Danube Survey (JDS3) combined with biodegradation half-lives reported in the literature. Using STREAM-EU, we found that spatial and temporal variability in modeled concentrations was inversely correlated with half-life for the four micropollutants with half-lives ≤90 days. For these four modeled micropollutants, we found Junge relationships with slopes significantly different from zero in the temporal variability of concentrations at 88% of the 67 JDS3 measurement sites, and in the spatial variability of concentrations on 36% out of 365 modeled days. A Junge relationship significant at the 95% confidence level was not found in the spatial variability of nine micropollutants measured in the JDS3, nor in STREAM-EU-modeled concentrations extracted for the dates and locations of the JDS3. Nevertheless, our model scenarios suggest that Junge relationships might be found in future measurements of spatial and temporal variability of micropollutants, especially in temporal variability of pollutants measured downstream in the Danube river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Coll
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Majumder A, Gupta B, Gupta AK. Pharmaceutically active compounds in aqueous environment: A status, toxicity and insights of remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108542. [PMID: 31387068 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have pernicious effects on all kinds of life forms because of their toxicological effects and are found profoundly in various wastewater treatment plant influents, hospital effluents, and surface waters. The concentrations of different pharmaceuticals were found in alarmingly high concentrations in various parts of the globe, and it was also observed that the concentration of PhACs present in the water could be eventually related to the socio-economic conditions and climate of the region. Drinking water equivalent limit for each PhAC has been calculated and compared with the occurrence data from various continents. Since these compounds are recalcitrant towards conventional treatment methods, while advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have shown better efficiency in degrading these PhACs. The performance of the AOPs have been evaluated based on percentage removal, time, and electrical energy consumed to degrade different classes of PhACs. Ozone based AOPs were found to be favorable because of their low treatment time, low cost, and high efficiency. However, complete degradation cannot be achieved by these processes, and various transformation products are formed, which may be more toxic than the parent compounds. The various transformation products formed from various PhACs during treatment have been highlighted. Significant stress has been given on the role of various process parameters, water matrix, oxidizing radicals, and the mechanism of degradation. Presence of organic compounds, nitrate, and phosphate usually hinders the degradation process, while chlorine and sulfate showed a positive effect. The role of individual oxidizing radicals, interfering ions, and pH demonstrated dissimilar effects on different groups of PhACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhradeep Majumder
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Bramha Gupta
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Carpenter CMG, Wong LYJ, Gutema DL, Helbling DE. Fall Creek Monitoring Station: Using Environmental Covariates To Predict Micropollutant Dynamics and Peak Events in Surface Water Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8599-8610. [PMID: 31280559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to further our understanding of how environmental processes control micropollutant dynamics in surface water systems as a means to predict peak concentration events and inform intermittent sampling strategies. We characterized micropollutant concentrations in daily composite samples from the Fall Creek Monitoring Station over 18 months. These data were compiled alongside environmental covariates, including daily measurements of weather, hydrology, and water quality parameters, to generate a novel data set with high temporal resolution. We evaluated the temporal trends of several representative micropollutants, along with cumulative metrics of overall micropollutant contamination, by means of multivariable analyses to determine which combination of covariates best predicts micropollutant dynamics and peak events. Peak events of agriculture-derived micropollutants were best predicted by positive associations with turbidity and UV254 absorbance and negative associations with baseflow index. Peak events of wastewater-derived micropollutants were best predicted by positive associations with alkalinity and negative associations with streamflow rate. We demonstrate that these predictors can be used to inform intermittent sampling strategies aimed at capturing peak events, and we generalize the approach so that it could be applied in other watersheds. Finally, we demonstrate how our approach can be used to contextualize micropollutant data derived from infrequent grab samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey M G Carpenter
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Lok Yee J Wong
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Danyeh L Gutema
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Damian E Helbling
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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Godlewska K, Stepnowski P, Paszkiewicz M. Application of the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler for Isolation of Environmental Micropollutants – A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:1-28. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1565983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Godlewska
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Paszkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Sankoda K, Sugawara Y, Aida T, Yamamoto C, Kobayashi J, Sekiguchi K, Wang Q. Aqueous photochemical degradation of mefenamic acid and triclosan: role of wastewater effluent matrices. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 79:1853-1859. [PMID: 31294701 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, photochemical degradation of two emerging pharmaceutical chemicals, mefenamic acid (MF) and triclosan (TCS), was investigated to clarify the role of treated wastewater effluent matrices on their environmental photolysis. Target compounds were individually exposed to simulated sunlight in different media: ultrapure buffered water and synthetic field water with treated municipal wastewater effluent. The results in ultrapure buffered water showed that the direct photolysis processes in aquatic environments are not relevant to the elimination of MF. However, in samples containing treated wastewater effluent, photochemical degradation of MF was clearly enhanced. Our results indicate that MF undergoes indirect photolysis by reactive intermediates produced in an effluent matrix. Further quenching experiments suggested that photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals and excited triplet state dissolved organic matter drive the degradation of MF. In contrast to MF, TCS photochemical degradation proceeds through rapid direct photolysis. TCS was quickly degraded in ultrapure buffered water but it is considerably hampered in samples containing wastewater effluent. The declined degradation of TCS in the synthetic field water was discussed in terms of underlying optical filter effects by coexisting chromophoric substances. Results emphasize the importance of taking local water chemistry into consideration when predicting natural attenuation of pharmaceutical chemicals in receiving areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Sankoda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-Ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan E-mail:
| | - Yuta Sugawara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-Ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan E-mail:
| | - Takuya Aida
- Department of Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-Ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Chieko Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-Ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan E-mail:
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sekiguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-Ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan E-mail:
| | - Qingyue Wang
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-Ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan E-mail:
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Guillet G, Knapp JLA, Merel S, Cirpka OA, Grathwohl P, Zwiener C, Schwientek M. Fate of wastewater contaminants in rivers: Using conservative-tracer based transfer functions to assess reactive transport. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:1250-1260. [PMID: 30625655 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interpreting the fate of wastewater contaminants in streams is difficult because their inputs vary in time and several processes synchronously affect reactive transport. We present a method to disentangle the various influences by performing a conservative-tracer test while sampling a stream section at various locations for chemical analysis of micropollutants. By comparing the outflow concentrations of contaminants with the tracer signal convoluted by the inflow time series, we estimated reaction rate coefficients and calculated the contaminant removal along a river section. The method was tested at River Steinlach, Germany, where 38 contaminants were monitored. Comparing day-time and night-time experiments allowed distinguishing photo-dependent degradation from other elimination processes. While photo-dependent degradation showed to be highly efficient for the removal of metroprolol, bisoprolol, and venlafaxine, its impact on contaminant removal was on a similar scale to the photo-independent processes when averaged over 24 h. For a selection of compounds analyzed in the present study, bio- and photodegradation were higher than in previous field studies. In the Steinlach study, we observed extraordinarily effective removal processes that may be due to the higher proportion of treated wastewater, temperature, DOC and nitrate concentrations, but also a higher surface to volume ratio from low flow conditions that favorizes photodegradation through the shallow water column and a larger transient storage than observed in comparable studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Guillet
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia L A Knapp
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sylvain Merel
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf A Cirpka
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Grathwohl
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Zwiener
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Schwientek
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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Jaeger A, Posselt M, Betterle A, Schaper J, Mechelke J, Coll C, Lewandowski J. Spatial and Temporal Variability in Attenuation of Polar Organic Micropollutants in an Urban Lowland Stream. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:2383-2395. [PMID: 30754970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of rivers by trace organic compounds (TrOCs) poses a risk for aquatic ecosystems and drinking water quality. Spatially- and temporally varying environmental conditions are expected to play a major role in controlling in-stream attenuation of TrOCs. This variability is rarely captured by in situ studies of TrOC attenuation. Instead, snap-shots or time-weighted average conditions and corresponding attenuation rates are reported. The present work sought to investigate this variability and factors controlling it by analysis of 24 TrOCs over a 4.7 km reach of the River Erpe (Berlin, Germany). The factors investigated included sunlight and water temperature as well as the presence of macrophytes. Attenuation rate constants in 48 consecutive hourly water parcels were tracked along two contiguous river sections of different characteristics. Section 1 was less shaded and more densely covered with submerged macrophytes compared to section 2. The sampling campaign was repeated after macrophyte removal from section 1. The findings show, that section 1 generally provided more favorable conditions for both photo- and biodegradation. Macrophyte removal enhanced photolysis of some compounds (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide and diclofenac) while reducing the biodegradation of metoprolol. The transformation products metoprolol acid and valsartan acid were formed along the reach under all conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jaeger
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Berlin , Germany
- Humboldt University Berlin , Geography Department , Berlin , Germany
| | - Malte Posselt
- Stockholm University , Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Andrea Betterle
- Eawag , Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water , Dübendorf , Switzerland
- University of Neuchâtel , Centre of Hydrogeology and Geothermics , Neuchâtel , Switzerland
- University of Padova , Department of ICEA and International Center for Hydrology , Padua , Italy
| | - Jonas Schaper
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Berlin , Germany
- Technical University of Berlin , Chair of Water Quality Engineering , Berlin , Germany
| | - Jonas Mechelke
- Eawag , Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water , Dübendorf , Switzerland
- ETH Zürich , Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Claudia Coll
- Stockholm University , Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Joerg Lewandowski
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Berlin , Germany
- Humboldt University Berlin , Geography Department , Berlin , Germany
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Li Z, McLachlan MS. Biodegradation of Chemicals in Unspiked Surface Waters Downstream of Wastewater Treatment Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1884-1892. [PMID: 30674186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The OECD 309 guideline uses spiked incubation tests to provide data on biodegradation kinetics in surface waters. However, potential limitations of spiking test chemicals into the studied water have not been investigated. We conducted the OECD 309 test with unspiked surface water relying on chemical residues present in the water. Parallel experiments were conducted with the same water spiked with 13 chemicals at higher concentrations (50 μg L-1). Six chemicals detected in both the spiked and the unspiked systems were biodegraded. For each chemical the concentration change over time differed between the systems. Tramadol and venlafaxine showed constant concentrations in the spiked systems but increasing concentrations in the unspiked systems. Atenolol and metoprolol showed first-order elimination with no lag in the unspiked systems, compared to a lag of 15-28 d followed by zero-order elimination kinetics in the spiked systems. Acesulfame was only slightly degraded (<50%) in the unspiked system, while removal was complete (>99%) in the spiked systems. Gabapentin displayed a complex behavior where the features differed markedly between the spiked and the unspiked systems. We conclude that spiking can strongly influence biodegradation, reducing the environmental relevance of test results. Under some conditions biodegradation can be measured in unspiked natural waters instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) , Stockholm University , S-10691 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Michael S McLachlan
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) , Stockholm University , S-10691 Stockholm , Sweden
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