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Yamanashi T, Takeshi S, Sasaki S, Takashima K, Kaneko T, Ishimaru Y, Uozumi N. Utilizing plasma-generated N 2O 5 gas from atmospheric air as a novel gaseous nitrogen source for plants. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:35. [PMID: 38587705 PMCID: PMC11001677 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Fixing atmospheric nitrogen for use as fertilizer is a crucial process in promoting plant growth and enhancing crop yields in agricultural production. Currently, the chemical production of nitrogen fertilizer from atmospheric N2 relies on the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process. Therefore, developing a low-cost and easily applicable method for fixing nitrogen from the air would provide a beneficial alternative. In this study, we tested the utilization of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) gas, generated from oxygen and nitrogen present in ambient air with the help of a portable plasma device, as a nitrogen source for the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nitrogen-deficient plants supplied with medium treated with N2O5, were able to overcome nitrogen deficiency, similar to those provided with medium containing a conventional nitrogen source. However, prolonged direct exposure of plants to N2O5 gas adversely affected their growth. Short-time exposure of plants to N2O5 gas mitigated its toxicity and was able to support growth. Moreover, when the exposure of N2O5 and the contact with plants were physically separated, plants cultured under nitrogen deficiency were able to grow. This study shows that N2O5 gas generated from atmospheric nitrogen can be used as an effective nutrient for plants, indicating its potential to serve as an alternative nitrogen fertilization method for promoting plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Yamanashi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-07, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shouki Takeshi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-05, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shota Sasaki
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-05, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takashima
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-05, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toshiro Kaneko
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-05, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishimaru
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-07, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-6-07, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
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2
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Beeckman F, Drozdzecki A, De Knijf A, Corrochano-Monsalve M, Bodé S, Blom P, Goeminne G, González-Murua C, Lücker S, Boeckx P, Stevens CV, Audenaert D, Beeckman T, Motte H. Drug discovery-based approach identifies new nitrification inhibitors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 346:118996. [PMID: 37725864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilization is crucial to sustain global food security, but fertilizer N production is energy-demanding and subsequent environmental N losses contribute to biodiversity loss and climate change. N losses can be mitigated be interfering with microbial nitrification, and therefore the use of nitrification inhibitors in enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) is an important N management strategy to increase N use efficiency and reduce N pollution. However, currently applied nitrification inhibitors have limitations and do not target all nitrifying microorganisms. Here, to identify broad-spectrum nitrification inhibitors, we adopted a drug discovery-based approach and screened 45,400 small molecules on different groups of nitrifying microorganisms. Although a high number of potential nitrification inhibitors were identified, none of them targeted all nitrifier groups. Moreover, a high number of new nitrification inhibitors were shown to be highly effective in culture but did not reduce ammonia consumption in soil. One archaea-targeting inhibitor was not only effective in soil, but even reduced - when co-applied with a bacteria-targeting inhibitor - ammonium consumption and greenhouse gas emissions beyond what is achieved with currently applied nitrification inhibitors. This advocates for combining different types of nitrification inhibitors in EEFs to optimize N management practices and make agriculture more sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrzej Drozdzecki
- Ghent University Centre for Bioassay Development and Screening (C-BIOS), 9052, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Screening Core, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexa De Knijf
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mario Corrochano-Monsalve
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country-UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, Bilbao, E-48080, Spain
| | - Samuel Bodé
- Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry (ISOFYS), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Blom
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Geert Goeminne
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carmen González-Murua
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country-UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, Bilbao, E-48080, Spain
| | - Sebastian Lücker
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry (ISOFYS), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V Stevens
- Synthesis, Bioresources and Bioorganic Chemistry Research Group (SynBioC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Audenaert
- Ghent University Centre for Bioassay Development and Screening (C-BIOS), 9052, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Screening Core, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Hans Motte
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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De Paepe J, Garcia Gragera D, Arnau Jimenez C, Rabaey K, Vlaeminck SE, Gòdia F. Continuous cultivation of microalgae yields high nutrient recovery from nitrified urine with limited supplementation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118500. [PMID: 37542810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae can play a key role in the bioeconomy, particularly in combination with the valorisation of waste streams as cultivation media. Urine is an example of a widely available nutrient-rich waste stream, and alkaline stabilization and subsequent full nitrification in a bioreactor yields a stable nitrate-rich solution. In this study, such nitrified urine served as a culture medium for the edible microalga Limnospira indica. In batch cultivation, nitrified urine without additional supplements yielded a lower biomass concentration, nutrient uptake and protein content compared to modified Zarrouk medium, as standard medium. To enhance the nitrogen uptake efficiency and biomass production, nitrified urine was supplemented with potentially limiting elements. Limited amounts of phosphorus (36 mg L-1), magnesium (7.9 mg L-1), calcium (12.2 mg L-1), iron (2.0 mg L-1) and EDTA (88.5 mg Na2-EDTA.2H2O L-1) rendered the nitrified urine matrix as effective as modified Zarrouk medium in terms of biomass production (OD750 of 1.2), nutrient uptake (130 mg N L-1) and protein yield (47%) in batch culture. Urine precipitates formed by alkalinisation could in principle supply enough phosphorus, calcium and magnesium, requiring only external addition of iron, EDTA and inorganic carbon. Subsequently, the suitability of supplemented nitrified urine as a culture medium was confirmed in continuous Limnospira cultivation in a CSTR photobioreactor. This qualifies nitrified urine as a valuable and sustainable microalgae growth medium, thereby creating novel nutrient loops on Earth and in Space, i.e., in regenerative life support systems for human deep-space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien De Paepe
- MELiSSA Pilot Plant - Laboratory Claude Chipaux, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium; Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Belgium; Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - David Garcia Gragera
- MELiSSA Pilot Plant - Laboratory Claude Chipaux, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Arnau Jimenez
- MELiSSA Pilot Plant - Laboratory Claude Chipaux, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Belgium; Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- MELiSSA Pilot Plant - Laboratory Claude Chipaux, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Muys M, González Cámara SJ, Derese S, Spiller M, Verliefde A, Vlaeminck SE. Dissolution rate and growth performance reveal struvite as a sustainable nutrient source to produce a diverse set of microbial protein. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161172. [PMID: 36572313 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To provide for the globally increasing demand for proteinaceous food, microbial protein (MP) has the potential to become an alternative food or feed source. Phosphorus (P), on the other hand, is a critical raw material whose global reserves are declining. Growing MP on recovered phosphorus, for instance, struvite obtained from wastewater treatment, is a promising MP production route that could supply protein-rich products while handling P scarcity. The aim of this study was to explore struvite dissolution kinetics in different MP media and characterize MP production with struvite as sole P-source. Different operational parameters, including pH, temperature, contact surface area, and ion concentrations were tested, and struvite dissolution rates were observed between 0.32 and 4.7 g P/L/d and a solubility between 0.23 and 2.22 g P-based struvite/L. Growth rates and protein production of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Limnospira sp. (previously known as Arthrospira sp.), and the purple non‑sulfur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris on struvite were equal to or higher than growth on conventional potassium phosphate. For aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, two slow-growing communities showed decreased growth on struvite, while the growth was increased for a third fast-growing one. Furthermore, MP protein content on struvite was always comparable to the one obtained when grown on standard media. Together with the low content in metals and micropollutants, these results demonstrate that struvite can be directly applied as an effective nutrient source to produce fast-growing MP, without any previous dissolution step. Combining a high purity recovered product with an efficient way of producing protein results in a strong environmental win-win.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Muys
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sergio J González Cámara
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Derese
- Research Group of Particle and Interfacial Technology, Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Spiller
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat 1, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arne Verliefde
- Research Group of Particle and Interfacial Technology, Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat 1, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat 1, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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5
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Biowaste upcycling into second-generation microbial protein through mixed-culture fermentation. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:197-213. [PMID: 35989113 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Securing a sustainable protein supply at the global level is among the greatest challenges currently faced by humanity. Alternative protein sources, such as second-generation microbial protein (MP), could give rise to innovative circular bioeconomy practices, synthesizing high-value bioproducts through the recovery and upcycling of resources from overabundant biowastes and residues. Within such a multi-feedstock biorefinery scenario, the wide range of microbial pathways and networks that characterize mixed microbial cultures, offers interesting and not yet fully explored advantages over conventional monoculture-based processes. In this review, we combine a comprehensive analysis of waste recovery platforms for second-generation MP production with a critical evaluation of the research gaps and potentials offered by mixed culture-based MP fermentation processes.
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6
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Li J, Zhai Y, Ge G, Xu Y, Wang C, Hu A, Han Y, Shan N, Liu B, Chen J, Wang W. Bacterial Community Composition and Function of Tropical River Ecosystem along the Nandu River on Hainan Island, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:382. [PMID: 36612703 PMCID: PMC9819888 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms play a pivotal role in nutrient cycling in aquatic ecosystems. Understanding bacterial diversity and its functional composition are crucial for aquatic ecology and protection. We investigated the bacterial community structure using 16S rRNA gene amplicons high-throughput sequencing in this study. Results showed that 105 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) account for 43.8% of the total sequences shared by the Nandu River's lower, middle, and upper reach and the Songtao Reservoir. The dominant bacterial phylum in the Nandu River and its connected Songtao Reservoir were Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota, respectively. The highest Chao1 and Shannon index values were found in the lower reach of the Nandu River. Beta diversity analysis showed the divergence in bacterial communities in the Nandu River and Songtao Reservoir, but not in different reaches. Among the water properties, based on the Mantel test, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, and nitrite significantly affected the bacterial communities. The functional profiles predicted by Tax4Fun2 showed that metabolism was the most abundant function group. The relative abundance of genetic information processing was significantly higher in the Songtao Reservoir than in the Nandu River, while the relative abundance of human diseases was significantly lower in the Songtao Reservoir than in the Nandu River. The appearance of the xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism function group requires us to pay more attention to possible water pollution, especially at the upper reach of the Nandu River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Li
- School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecological Environment of Lake Hulun Wetland, Hulunbuir 021000, China
| | - Yangni Zhai
- School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecological Environment of Lake Hulun Wetland, Hulunbuir 021000, China
| | - Guojian Ge
- School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecological Environment of Lake Hulun Wetland, Hulunbuir 021000, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecological Environment of Lake Hulun Wetland, Hulunbuir 021000, China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecological Environment of Lake Hulun Wetland, Hulunbuir 021000, China
| | - Anyong Hu
- School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecological Environment of Lake Hulun Wetland, Hulunbuir 021000, China
| | - Yujie Han
- School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecological Environment of Lake Hulun Wetland, Hulunbuir 021000, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecological Environment of Lake Hulun Wetland, Hulunbuir 021000, China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecological Environment of Lake Hulun Wetland, Hulunbuir 021000, China
| | - Jinlin Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenlin Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecological Environment of Lake Hulun Wetland, Hulunbuir 021000, China
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Matassa S, Boeckx P, Boere J, Erisman JW, Guo M, Manzo R, Meerburg F, Papirio S, Pikaar I, Rabaey K, Rousseau D, Schnoor J, Smith P, Smolders E, Wuertz S, Verstraete W. How can we possibly resolve the planet's nitrogen dilemma? Microb Biotechnol 2022; 16:15-27. [PMID: 36378579 PMCID: PMC9803332 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is the most crucial element in the production of nutritious feeds and foods. The production of reactive nitrogen by means of fossil fuel has thus far been able to guarantee the protein supply for the world population. Yet, the production and massive use of fertilizer nitrogen constitute a major threat in terms of environmental health and sustainability. It is crucial to promote consumer acceptance and awareness towards proteins produced by highly effective microorganisms, and their potential to replace proteins obtained with poor nitrogen efficiencies from plants and animals. The fact that reactive fertilizer nitrogen, produced by the Haber Bosch process, consumes a significant amount of fossil fuel worldwide is of concern. Moreover, recently, the prices of fossil fuels have increased the cost of reactive nitrogen by a factor of 3 to 5 times, while international policies are fostering the transition towards a more sustainable agro-ecology by reducing mineral fertilizers inputs and increasing organic farming. The combination of these pressures and challenges opens opportunities to use the reactive nitrogen nutrient more carefully. Time has come to effectively recover used nitrogen from secondary resources and to upgrade it to a legal status of fertilizer. Organic nitrogen is a slow-release fertilizer, it has a factor of 2.5 or higher economic value per unit nitrogen as fertilizer and thus adequate technologies to produce it, for instance by implementing photobiological processes, are promising. Finally, it appears wise to start the integration in our overall feed and food supply chains of the exceptional potential of biological nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen produced by the nitrogenase enzyme, either in the soil or in novel biotechnology reactor systems, deserves to have a 'renaissance' in the context of planetary governance in general and the increasing number of people who desire to be fed in a sustainable way in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Matassa
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Jos Boere
- Allied Waters B.V.NieuwegeinThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Erisman
- Institute of Environmental SciencesLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Miao Guo
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical and Engineering SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Raffaele Manzo
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | | | - Stefano Papirio
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Ilje Pikaar
- School of Civil EngineeringThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Diederik Rousseau
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Jerald Schnoor
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Peter Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Erik Smolders
- Division Soil and Water ManagementKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Stefan Wuertz
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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8
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Angenent SC, Schuttinga JH, van Efferen MFH, Kuizenga B, van Bree B, van der Krieken RO, Verhoeven TJ, Wijffels RH. Hydrogen Oxidizing Bacteria as Novel Protein Source for Human Consumption: An Overview. Open Microbiol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742858-v16-e2207270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing threat of climate change combined with the prospected growth in the world population puts an enormous pressure on the future demand for sustainable protein sources for human consumption. In this review, hydrogen oxidizing bacteria (HOB) are presented as a novel protein source that could play a role in fulfilling this future demand. HOB are species of bacteria that merely require an inflow of the gasses hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and a nitrogen source to grow in a conventional bioreactor. Cupriavidus necator is proposed as HOB for industrial cultivation due to its remarkably high protein content (up to 70% of mass), suitability for cultivation in a bioreactor, and the vast amount of available background information. A broad overview of the unique aspects of the bacteria will be provided, from the production process, amino acid composition, and source of the required gasses to the future acceptance of HOB into the market.
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9
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Sakarika M, Ganigué R, Rabaey K. Methylotrophs: from C1 compounds to food. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 75:102685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Liu S, Li H, Daigger GT, Huang J, Song G. Material biosynthesis, mechanism regulation and resource recycling of biomass and high-value substances from wastewater treatment by photosynthetic bacteria: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153200. [PMID: 35063511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The environmental-friendly and economic benefits generated from photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) wastewater treatment have attracted significant attention. This process of resource recovery can produce PSB biomass and high-value substances including single cell protein, Coenzyme Q10, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), 5-aminolevulinic acid, carotenoids, bacteriocin, and polyhydroxy chain alkyl esters, etc. for application in various fields, such as agriculture, medical treatment, chemical, animal husbandry and food industry while treating wastewaters. The main contents of this review are summarized as follows: physiological characteristics, mechanism and application of PSB and potential of single cell protein (SCP) production are described; PSB wastewater treatment technology, including procedures and characteristics, typical cases, influencing factors and bioresource recovery by membrane bioreactor are detailed systematically. The future development of PSB-based resource recovery and wastewater treatment are also provided, particularly concerning PSB-membrane reactor (MBR) process, regulation of biosynthesis mechanism of high-value substances and downstream separation and purification technology. This will provide a promising and new alternative for wastewater treatment recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Zhongzhou Water Holding Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450046, China; Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St, G.G. Brown Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Heng Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Glen T Daigger
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St, G.G. Brown Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jianping Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Gangfu Song
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Zhongzhou Water Holding Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450046, China
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11
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Impact of Livestock Farming on Nitrogen Pollution and the Corresponding Energy Demand for Zero Liquid Discharge. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14081278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Intensive livestock farming has negatively impacted the environment by contributing to the release of ammonia and nitrous oxide, groundwater nitrate pollution and eutrophication of rivers and estuaries. The nitrogen footprint calculator has predicted the large impact of meat production on global nitrogen loss, but it could not form the relationship between meat production and the corresponding manure generation. Here we report on the formation of direct relationships between beef, pork and poultry meat production and the corresponding amount of nitrogen loss through manure. Consequently, the energy demand for ammonium nitrogen recovery from manure is also reported. Nitrogen loss to the environment per unit of meat production was found directly proportional to the virtual nitrogen factors. The relationship between total nitrogen intake and the corresponding nitrogen loss per kg of meat production was also found linear. Average nitrogen loss due to manure application was calculated at 110 g kg−1 for poultry. The average nitrogen loss increased to 190 and 370 g-N kg−1 for pork and beef productions, respectively. Additionally, 147 kg ammonium nitrogen was calculated to be recovered from 123 m3 of manure. This corresponded to 1 Mg of beef production. The recovery of ammonium nitrogen was reduced to 126 and 52 kg from 45 and 13 m3 of pork and poultry manure, respectively. The ammonium nitrogen recovery values were calculated with respect to 1 Mg of both pork and poultry meat productions. Consequently, the specific energy demand of ammonium nitrogen recovery from beef manure was noticed at 49 kWh kg−1, which was significantly 57% and 69% higher than that of pork and poultry manure, respectively.
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Wambacq E, Alloul A, Grunert O, Carrette J, Vermeir P, Spanoghe J, Sakarika M, Vlaeminck SE, Haesaert G. Aerobes and phototrophs as microbial organic fertilizers: Exploring mineralization, fertilization and plant protection features. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262497. [PMID: 35108295 PMCID: PMC8809616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic fertilizers and especially microbial biomass, also known as microbial fertilizer, can enable a paradigm shift to the conventional fertilizer-to-food chain, particularly when produced on secondary resources. Microbial fertilizers are already common practice (e.g. Bloom® and Synagro); yet microbial fertilizer blends to align the nutrient release profile to the plant’s needs are, thus far, unexplored. Moreover, most research only focuses on direct fertilization effects without considering added value properties, such as disease prevention. This study has explored three promising types of microbial fertilizers, namely dried biomass from a consortium of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, a microalga (Arthrospira platensis) and a purple non-sulfur bacterium (Rhodobacter sphaeroides). Mineralization and nitrification experiments showed that the nitrogen mineralization profile can be tuned to the plant’s needs by blending microbial fertilizers, without having toxic ammonium peaks. In a pot trial with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), the performance of microbial fertilizers was similar to the reference organic fertilizer, with cumulative dry matter yields of 5.6–6.7 g per pot. This was confirmed in a pot trial with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), showing an average total plant length of 90–99 cm after a growing period of 62 days for the reference organic fertilizer and the microbial fertilizers. Moreover, tomato plants artificially infected with powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici), a devastating disease for the horticultural industry, showed reduced disease symptoms when A. platensis was present in the growing medium. These findings strengthen the application potential of this novel class of organic fertilizers in the bioeconomy, with a promising match between nutrient mineralization and plant requirements as well as added value in crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Wambacq
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Research Centre AgroFoodNature, School of Bioscience and Industrial Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Gent, Belgium
| | - Abbas Alloul
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | - Jasper Carrette
- Research Centre AgroFoodNature, School of Bioscience and Industrial Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Gent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Janne Spanoghe
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Myrsini Sakarika
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Research Centre AgroFoodNature, School of Bioscience and Industrial Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Gent, Belgium
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Ye H, Tang C, Cao Y, Li X, Huang P. Contribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria to nitrification under different biogeochemical factors in acidic soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:17209-17222. [PMID: 34661841 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrification in soils is an essential process that involves archaeal and bacterial ammonia-oxidizers. Despite its importance, the relative contributions of soil factors to the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) and their nitrification performances are seldom discussed. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of AOA and AOB abundance and different environmental conditions (pH, TC, TN, moisture, and temperature) on nitrification performance. The soils of the long-term fertilized tea orchards and forests were sampled in the field, and nitrification experiments were conducted in the laboratory. The acid soils were collected from the field and used in laboratory incubation experiments to calculate the nitrification rate, including the net nitrification rate (NN rate), nitrification potential (NP), and nitrification kinetics. The basic parameters, different forms of nitrogen content, and AOA and AOB amoA gene copies were also analyzed. Compared with the forest soil, the tea orchard soil had a lower pH and higher nitrogen content (p < 0.05). The AOA and AOB abundance in the soils of the forests and tea orchards were pH-dependent. The NN rate and NP had good relationships with AOA or AOB in the forest soil; however, poor relationships were observed in the tea orchard soil. When pH < 4, the performances of AOA and AOB were restricted by pH and the environment, especially in long-term fertilized farmlands. Long-term fertilization can cause soil acidification, which regulates the abundance of AOA and AOB and their nitrifying ability. The soil environment rather than AOA or AOB could control nitrification in long-term fertilized farmlands with a pH below 4. These findings could improve fertilization efficiency and control nutrient runoff in hilly agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Changyuan Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingjie Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Guangdong, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Xing Li
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Pinyi Huang
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Synthetic biology: a new frontier in food production. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:781-803. [PMID: 35120749 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Concerns regarding food security arise from population growth, global warming, and reduction in arable land. With advances in synthetic biology, food production by microbes is considered to be a promising alternative that would allow rapid food production in an environmentally friendly manner. Moreover, synthetic biology can be adopted to the production of healthier or specifically designed food ingredients (e.g., high-value proteins, lipids, and vitamins) and broaden the utilization of feedstocks (e.g., methanol and CO2), thereby offering potential solutions to high-quality food and the greenhouse effect. We first present how synthetic biology can facilitate the microbial production of various food components, and then discuss feedstock availability enabled by synthetic biology. Finally, we illustrate trends and key challenges in synthetic biology-driven food production.
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Effect of Supplementation of Dried Bioflocs Produced by Freeze-Drying and Oven-Drying Methods on Water Quality, Growth Performance and Proximate Composition of Red Hybrid Tilapia. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation of dried bioflocs for red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) was examined during 57 days of feeding trials. Five experimental treatments; T1 (the control; without bioflocs), T2 (4% freeze-dried bioflocs), T3 (16% freeze-dried bioflocs), T4 (4% oven-dried bioflocs), and T5 (16% oven-dried bioflocs) were prepared to examine the water quality, growth performance and body composition of red hybrid tilapia. T2 and T4 treatments resulted in a higher growth rate and survival similar to the control, while T3 and T5 treatments showed the lowest values of growth performance among all treatments. T1 treatment showed the best quality of culture water followed by T2 and T4 treatments, while T3 treatment resulted in poor water quality followed by T5 treatment. Based on these results, the ratios of bioflocs (4% and 16%) had more effect on fish growth and water quality than the drying methods (freeze-drying and oven-drying). The ratio of 4% freeze-dried or oven-dried bioflocs provided higher growth rates and better water quality parameters similar to the control, while the ratio of 16% showed the worst growth performance and water quality in the present study. In addition, body compositions of tilapia fed 4% dried bioflocs showed better nutritional value than tilapia fed 16% dried bioflocs. Protein and energy levels showed an increasing trend with decreasing supplement levels of bioflocs. Moisture content was significantly higher when supplementation of 16% bioflocs was used. Overall, supplementation of 4% freeze-dried or oven-dried bioflocs can be successively included in red hybrid tilapia diets without any effects on growth or body composition and can result in a good quality of culture water for red hybrid tilapia.
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Wang F, Harindintwali JD, Yuan Z, Wang M, Wang F, Li S, Yin Z, Huang L, Fu Y, Li L, Chang SX, Zhang L, Rinklebe J, Yuan Z, Zhu Q, Xiang L, Tsang DC, Xu L, Jiang X, Liu J, Wei N, Kästner M, Zou Y, Ok YS, Shen J, Peng D, Zhang W, Barceló D, Zhou Y, Bai Z, Li B, Zhang B, Wei K, Cao H, Tan Z, Zhao LB, He X, Zheng J, Bolan N, Liu X, Huang C, Dietmann S, Luo M, Sun N, Gong J, Gong Y, Brahushi F, Zhang T, Xiao C, Li X, Chen W, Jiao N, Lehmann J, Zhu YG, Jin H, Schäffer A, Tiedje JM, Chen JM. Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality. Innovation (N Y) 2021; 2:100180. [PMID: 34877561 PMCID: PMC8633420 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Global development has been heavily reliant on the overexploitation of natural resources since the Industrial Revolution. With the extensive use of fossil fuels, deforestation, and other forms of land-use change, anthropogenic activities have contributed to the ever-increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere, causing global climate change. In response to the worsening global climate change, achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 is the most pressing task on the planet. To this end, it is of utmost importance and a significant challenge to reform the current production systems to reduce GHG emissions and promote the capture of CO2 from the atmosphere. Herein, we review innovative technologies that offer solutions achieving carbon (C) neutrality and sustainable development, including those for renewable energy production, food system transformation, waste valorization, C sink conservation, and C-negative manufacturing. The wealth of knowledge disseminated in this review could inspire the global community and drive the further development of innovative technologies to mitigate climate change and sustainably support human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jean Damascene Harindintwali
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhizhang Yuan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Faming Wang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhigang Yin
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Huang
- International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yuhao Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Scott X. Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Linjuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Department of Soil and Groundwater Management, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal 42285, Germany
| | - Zuoqiang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinggong Zhu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Leilei Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daniel C.W. Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jihua Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266273, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Matthias Kästner
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Yang Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Jianlin Shen
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dailiang Peng
- International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research ICRA-CERCA, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Yongjin Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Wei
- The Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hujun Cao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liu-bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiao He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinxing Zheng
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui 230031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Institute for Informatics (I), Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA
| | - Ming Luo
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nannan Sun
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jirui Gong
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yulie Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ferdi Brahushi
- Department of Agro-environment and Ecology, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana 1029, Albania
| | - Tangtang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cunde Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- Joint Laboratory for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University, Shandong University and Xiamen University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada, Qingdao 266237, China, and, Xiamen 361005, China
- Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Johannes Lehmann
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Soil and Crop Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Technical University Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongguang Jin
- International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - James M. Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jing M. Chen
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G3
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Javourez U, O'Donohue M, Hamelin L. Waste-to-nutrition: a review of current and emerging conversion pathways. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107857. [PMID: 34699952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Residual biomass is acknowledged as a key sustainable feedstock for the transition towards circular and low fossil carbon economies to supply whether energy, chemical, material and food products or services. The latter is receiving increasing attention, in particular in the perspective of decoupling nutrition from arable land demand. In order to provide a comprehensive overview of the technical possibilities to convert residual biomasses into edible ingredients, we reviewed over 950 scientific and industrial records documenting existing and emerging waste-to-nutrition pathways, involving over 150 different feedstocks here grouped under 10 umbrella categories: (i) wood-related residual biomass, (ii) primary crop residues, (iii) manure, (iv) food waste, (v) sludge and wastewater, (vi) green residual biomass, (vii) slaughterhouse by-products, (viii) agrifood co-products, (ix) C1 gases and (x) others. The review includes a detailed description of these pathways, as well as the processes they involve. As a result, we proposed four generic building blocks to systematize waste-to-nutrition conversion sequence patterns, namely enhancement, cracking, extraction and bioconversion. We further introduce a multidimensional representation of the biomasses suitability as potential as nutritional sources according to (i) their content in anti-nutritional compounds, (ii) their degree of structural complexity and (iii) their concentration of macro- and micronutrients. Finally, we suggest that the different pathways can be grouped into eight large families of approaches: (i) insect biorefinery, (ii) green biorefinery, (iii) lignocellulosic biorefinery, (iv) non-soluble protein recovery, (v) gas-intermediate biorefinery, (vi) liquid substrate alternative, (vii) solid-substrate fermentation and (viii) more-out-of-slaughterhouse by-products. The proposed framework aims to support future research in waste recovery and valorization within food systems, along with stimulating reflections on the improvement of resources' cascading use.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Javourez
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - M O'Donohue
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - L Hamelin
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
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Ryals R, Bischak E, Porterfield KK, Heisey S, Jeliazovski J, Kramer S, Pierre S. Toward Zero Hunger Through Coupled Ecological Sanitation-Agriculture Systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.716140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological sanitation (EcoSan) systems capture and sanitize human excreta and generate organic nutrient resources that can support more sustainable nutrient management in agricultural ecosystems. An emerging EcoSan system that is implemented in Haiti and several other contexts globally couples container-based household toilets with aerobic, thermophilic composting. This closed loop sanitation system generates organic nutrient resources that can be used as part of an ecological approach to soil nutrient management and thus has the potential to contribute to Sustainable Development Goals 2 (zero hunger), 6 (clean water and sanitation for all), and 13 (climate change solutions). However, the role of organic nutrient resources derived from human excreta in food production is poorly studied. We conducted a greenhouse experiment comparing the impact of feces-derived compost on crop production, soil nutrient cycling, and nutrient losses with two amendments produced from wastewater treatment (pelletized biosolids and biofertilizer), urea, and an unfertilized control. Excreta-derived amendments increased crop yields 2.5 times more than urea, but had differing carry-over effects. After a one-time application of compost, crop production remained elevated throughout all six crop cycles. In contrast, the carry-over of crop response lasted two and four crop cycles for biosolids and biofertilizer, respectively, and was absent for urea. Soil carbon concentration in the compost amended soils increased linearly through time from 2.0 to 2.5%, an effect not seen with other treatments. Soil nitrous oxide emissions factors ranged from 0.3% (compost) to 4.6% (biosolids), while nitrogen leaching losses were lowest for biosolids and highest for urea. These results indicate that excreta-derived compost provides plant available nutrients, while improving soil health through the addition of soil organic carbon. It also improved biogeochemical functions, indicating the potential of excreta-derived compost to close nutrient loops if implemented at larger scales. If captured and safely treated through EcoSan, human feces produced in Haiti can meet up to 13, 22, and 11% of major crop needs of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively.
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Xiao S, Zhang H, Zhu R, Liao X, Wu Y, Mi J, Wang Y. Ammonia reduction by the gdhA and glnA genes from bacteria in laying hens. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112486. [PMID: 34237637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia emissions are a high-focus pollution issue in the livestock industry. Ammonia-degrading bacteria can assimilate ammonia nitrogen as a nitrogen source to promote their growth and reproduction, providing an environmentally friendly, low-cost and safe biological way to reduce ammonia emissions from livestock. However, it remains unclear how ammonia-degrading bacteria reduce ammonia emissions from animals and what are the key ammonia assimilation genes. In the present study, two strains with ammonia nitrogen-degrading abilities (Enterococcus faecium strain C2 and Bacillus coagulans strain B1) were screened from laying chicken caecal and faecal samples and reduced ammonia emission rates by 53.60% and 31.38%, respectively. The expression levels of the ammonia assimilation genes gdhA, glnA, and GMPS increased significantly. On this basis, we successfully constructed three clone strains (PET-GDH, PET-GS, and PET-GMPS) that expressed the gdhA, glnA and GMPS genes in E. coli, respectively, to verify their ammonia-reducing activities. The results of an in vitro fermentation study showed that the ammonia production of the PET-GDH and PET-GS groups was significantly lower than that of the empty vector group (p < 0.05), with ammonia emission reduction rates of 55.5% and 54.8%, respectively. However, there was no difference between the PET-GMPS and empty vector groups. These results indicate that gdhA and glnA may be key genes involved in the bacterial-mediated regulation of ammonia emissions by laying hens, and ammonia emissions may be reduced by regulating their expression. The results of the present study provide a theoretical basis for the construction of engineered bacteria to reduce ammonia production in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Xiao
- College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huaidan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rongke Zhu
- College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xindi Liao
- College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yinbao Wu
- College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiandui Mi
- College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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20
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Gupta D, Sharma G, Saraswat P, Ranjan R. Synthetic Biology in Plants, a Boon for Coming Decades. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:1138-1154. [PMID: 34420149 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently an enormous expansion of knowledge is seen in various disciplines of science. This surge of information has given rise to concept of interdisciplinary fields, which has resulted in emergence of newer research domains, one of them is 'Synthetic Biology' (SynBio). It captures basics from core biology and integrates it with concepts from the other areas of study such as chemical, electrical, and computational sciences. The essence of synthetic biology is to rewire, re-program, and re-create natural biological pathways, which are carried through genetic circuits. A genetic circuit is a functional assembly of basic biological entities (DNA, RNA, proteins), created using typical design, built, and test cycles. These circuits allow scientists to engineer nearly all biological systems for various useful purposes. The development of sophisticated molecular tools, techniques, genomic programs, and ease of nucleic acid synthesis have further fueled several innovative application of synthetic biology in areas like molecular medicines, pharmaceuticals, biofuels, drug discovery, metabolomics, developing plant biosensors, utilization of prokaryotic systems for metabolite production, and CRISPR/Cas9 in the crop improvement. These applications have largely been dominated by utilization of prokaryotic systems. However, newer researches have indicated positive growth of SynBio for the eukaryotic systems as well. This paper explores advances of synthetic biology in the plant field by elaborating on its core components and potential applications. Here, we have given a comprehensive idea of designing, development, and utilization of synthetic biology in the improvement of the present research state of plant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipinte Gupta
- Plant Biotechnology Lab, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed to be University), Dayalbagh, Agra, 282005, India
| | - Gauri Sharma
- Plant Biotechnology Lab, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed to be University), Dayalbagh, Agra, 282005, India
| | - Pooja Saraswat
- Plant Biotechnology Lab, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed to be University), Dayalbagh, Agra, 282005, India
| | - Rajiv Ranjan
- Plant Biotechnology Lab, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed to be University), Dayalbagh, Agra, 282005, India.
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21
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Leger D, Matassa S, Noor E, Shepon A, Milo R, Bar-Even A. Photovoltaic-driven microbial protein production can use land and sunlight more efficiently than conventional crops. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2015025118. [PMID: 34155098 PMCID: PMC8255800 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015025118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Population growth and changes in dietary patterns place an ever-growing pressure on the environment. Feeding the world within sustainable boundaries therefore requires revolutionizing the way we harness natural resources. Microbial biomass can be cultivated to yield protein-rich feed and food supplements, collectively termed single-cell protein (SCP). Yet, we still lack a quantitative comparison between traditional agriculture and photovoltaic-driven SCP systems in terms of land use and energetic efficiency. Here, we analyze the energetic efficiency of harnessing solar energy to produce SCP from air and water. Our model includes photovoltaic electricity generation, direct air capture of carbon dioxide, electrosynthesis of an electron donor and/or carbon source for microbial growth (hydrogen, formate, or methanol), microbial cultivation, and the processing of biomass and proteins. We show that, per unit of land, SCP production can reach an over 10-fold higher protein yield and at least twice the caloric yield compared with any staple crop. Altogether, this quantitative analysis offers an assessment of the future potential of photovoltaic-driven microbial foods to supplement conventional agricultural production and support resource-efficient protein supply on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Leger
- Systems and Synthetic Metabolism, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany;
| | - Silvio Matassa
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Elad Noor
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Shepon
- Department of Environmental Studies, The Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ron Milo
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Arren Bar-Even
- Systems and Synthetic Metabolism, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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22
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Verbeeck K, De Vrieze J, Pikaar I, Verstraete W, Rabaey K. Assessing the potential for up-cycling recovered resources from anaerobic digestion through microbial protein production. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:897-910. [PMID: 32525284 PMCID: PMC8085915 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digesters produce biogas, a mixture of predominantly CH4 and CO2 , which is typically incinerated to recover electrical and/or thermal energy. In a context of circular economy, the CH4 and CO2 could be used as chemical feedstock in combination with ammonium from the digestate. Their combination into protein-rich bacterial, used as animal feed additive, could contribute to the ever growing global demand for nutritive protein sources and improve the overall nitrogen efficiency of the current agro- feed/food chain. In this concept, renewable CH4 and H2 can serve as carbon-neutral energy sources for the production of protein-rich cellular biomass, while assimilating and upgrading recovered ammonia from the digestate. This study evaluated the potential of producing sustainable high-quality protein additives in a decentralized way through coupling anaerobic digestion and microbial protein production using methanotrophic and hydrogenotrophic bacteria in an on-farm bioreactor. We show that a practical case digester handling liquid piggery manure, of which the energy content is supplemented for 30% with co-substrates, provides sufficient biogas to allow the subsequent microbial protein as feed production for about 37% of the number of pigs from which the manure was derived. Overall, producing microbial protein on the farm from available methane and ammonia liberated by anaerobic digesters treating manure appears economically and technically feasible within the current range of market prices existing for high-quality protein. The case of producing biomethane for grid injection and upgrading the CO2 with electrolytic hydrogen to microbial protein by means of hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria was also examined but found less attractive at the current production prices of renewable hydrogen. Our calculations show that this route is only of commercial interest if the protein value equals the value of high-value protein additives like fishmeal and if the avoided costs for nutrient removal from the digestate are taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Verbeeck
- Center for Microbial Ecology & Technology (CMET)Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 653GentB‐9000Belgium
- ArcelorMittal BelgiumJohn F. Kennedylaan 51B‐9042GentBelgium
| | - Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology & Technology (CMET)Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 653GentB‐9000Belgium
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE)
| | - Ilje Pikaar
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC)The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQld4072Australia
| | - Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology & Technology (CMET)Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 653GentB‐9000Belgium
- Avecom NVIndustrieweg 122PWondelgemB‐9032Belgium
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Center for Microbial Ecology & Technology (CMET)Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 653GentB‐9000Belgium
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE)
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23
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Alloul A, Muys M, Hertoghs N, Kerckhof FM, Vlaeminck SE. Cocultivating aerobic heterotrophs and purple bacteria for microbial protein in sequential photo- and chemotrophic reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124192. [PMID: 33039841 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (AHB) and purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) are typically explored as two separate types of microbial protein, yet their properties as respectively a bulk and added-value feed ingredient make them appealing for combined use. The feasibility of cocultivation in a sequential photo- and chemotrophic approach was investigated. First, mapping the chemotrophic growth kinetics for four Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas and Rhodospirillum species on different carbon sources showed a preference for fructose (µmax 2.4-3.9 d-1 28 °C; protein 36-59%DW). Secondly, a continuous photobioreactor inoculated with Rhodobacter capsulatus (VFA as C-source) delivered the starter culture for an aerobic batch reactor (fructose as C-source). This two-stage system showed an improved nutritional quality compared to AHB production: higher protein content (45-71%DW), more attractive amino/fatty acid profile and contained up to 10% PNSB. The findings strengthen protein production with cocultures and might enable the implementation of the technology for resource recovery on streams such as wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Alloul
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Maarten Muys
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Nick Hertoghs
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Frederiek-Maarten Kerckhof
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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24
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Sakarika M, Candry P, Depoortere M, Ganigué R, Rabaey K. Impact of substrate and growth conditions on microbial protein production and composition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 317:124021. [PMID: 32829116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Production of microbial protein (MP) from recovered resources - e.g. CO2-sourced formate and acetate - could provide protein while enabling CO2 capture. To assess the protein quality obtained from this process, pure cultures and enriched communities were selected and characterized kinetically, stoichiometrically and nutritionally. Growth on acetate resulted in up to 5.3 times higher maximum specific growth rate (μmax) than formate (i.e. 0.15-0.41 h-1 for acetate compared to 0.061-0.29 h-1 for formate at pH = 7). The protein content was a function of the growth phase, with the highest values during stationary phase, ranging between 18 and 82%CDW protein depending on the organism and substrate. The negative correlation between biomass productivity and protein content indicated a trade-off between production rate and product quality. The final product (i.e. dried MP) quality was in most cases superior to soybean and all cultures were rich in threonine, phenylalanine and tyrosine, regardless of the carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrsini Sakarika
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Belgium(1)
| | - Pieter Candry
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Belgium(1)
| | - Mathilde Depoortere
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Belgium(1)
| | - Ramon Ganigué
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Belgium(1)
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Belgium(1).
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25
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A food system revolution for China in the post-pandemic world. RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2020; 2:100013. [PMCID: PMC8760840 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2020.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is worsening food shortages in food deficit countries, such as China, which rely on import for domestic food consumption. We argue that fundamental revolution in China’s livestock system can meet about 50% of its consumption of livestock products and thereby reduce the country’s reliance on imports. Three food system revolutions that can greatly reduce China’s reliance on imports are technically and economically feasible, and generate high eco-system benefits: (1) organic or inorganic based microbial feed protein production to substitute imported feed protein, (2) vegetation greening and fodder production through grassland restoration to reduce import of ruminant animal products, and (3) insect protein based fish-plant production and offshore marine restoration to replace red meat consumption and increase recycling of manure. Together these revolutions can accelerate progress towards multiple Sustainable Development Goals in exporting countries.
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26
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Landazuri CFG, Gomez JS, Raaijmakers JM, Oyserman BO. Restoring degraded microbiome function with self-assembled communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5956484. [PMID: 33150935 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural microbial functions of many soils are severely degraded. Current state-of-the-art technology to restore these functions is through the isolation, screening, formulation and application of microbial inoculants and synthetic consortia. These approaches have inconsistent success, in part due to the incompatibility between the biofertilizer, crop, climate, existing soil microbiome and physicochemical characteristics of the soils. Here, we review the current state of the art in biofertilization and identify two key deficiencies in current strategies: the difficulty in designing complex multispecies biofertilizers and the bottleneck in scaling the production of complex multispecies biofertilizers. To address the challenge of producing scalable, multispecies biofertilizers, we propose to merge ecological theory with bioprocess engineering to produce 'self-assembled communities' enriched for particular functional guilds and adapted to a target soil and host plant. Using the nitrogen problem as an anchor, we review relevant ecology (microbial, plant and environmental), as well as reactor design strategies and operational parameters for the production of functionally enriched self-assembled communities. The use of self-assembled communities for biofertilization addresses two major hurdles in microbiome engineering: the importance of enriching microbes indigenous to (and targeted for) a specific environment and the recognized potential benefits of microbial consortia over isolates (e.g. functional redundancy). The proposed community enrichment model could also be instrumental for other microbial functions such as phosphorus solubilization, plant growth promotion or disease suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernando Gutierrez Landazuri
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Engineering School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Valle, 760032, Cali, Colombia
| | - Janeth Sanabria Gomez
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Engineering School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Engineering Faculty, Universidad del Valle, 760032, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ben O Oyserman
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1,6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Grunert O, Hernandez-Sanabria E, Buysens S, De Neve S, Van Labeke MC, Reheul D, Boon N. In-Depth Observation on the Microbial and Fungal Community Structure of Four Contrasting Tomato Cultivation Systems in Soil Based and Soilless Culture Systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:520834. [PMID: 33224155 PMCID: PMC7674179 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.520834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As soil and soilless culture systems are highly dynamic environments, the structure of rhizosphere microbial communities is consistently adapting. There is a knowledge gap between the microbial community structure of soil based and soilless culture systems and thus we aimed at surveying their impact on diversity and composition of bacterial communities across a 10-month period in a tomato cultivation system. We compared community metrics between an soil based culture system fertilized with malt sprouts and blood meal, known for its slow and high mineralization rate, respectively and a soilless culture system fertilized with fish effluent or supplemented with an liquid organic fertilizer. Bacterial and fungal community composition was followed over time using two complementary techniques, phospholipid fatty acid analysis and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Nitrogen dynamics and plant performance were assessed to provide insight on how bacterial diversity of soil and soilless microbial communities ultimately impacts productivity. Similar plant performance was observed in soilless culture systems and soil based system and yield was the highest with the aquaponics-derived fertilizer. Soil and soilless cultivating systems supplemented with different nitrogen-rich fertilizers differed on its characteristics throughout the experimental period. Fast-paced fluctuations in pH(H2O) and nutrient cycling processes were observed in growing medium. Physicochemical characteristics changed over time and interacted with bacterial community metrics. Multivariate analysis showed that plant length, pH, Flavisolibacter, phosphorus, chloride, ammonium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, electrical conductivity, nitrate, sulfate, and the bacterial genera Desulfotomaculum, Solirubrobacter, Dehalococcoides, Bythopirellula, Steroidobacter, Litorilinea, Nonomuraea were the most significant factors discriminating between natural soils supplemented with animal and plant by-products. Long-term fertilizer regimes significantly changed the PLFA fingerprints in both the soilless culture and soil based culture system. The use of these by-products in the soil was positively associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which may influence rhizosphere communities through root exudates and C translocation. Community structure was distinct and consistently different over time, despite the fertilizer supplementation. The fungal microbial community composition was less affected by pH, while the composition of the bacterial communities (Actinomycetes, Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria) was closely defined by soil pH, demonstrating the significance of pH as driver of bacterial community composition. Fertilizer application may be responsible for variations over time in the ecosystem. Knowledge about the microbial interactions in tomato cultivating systems opens a window of opportunity for designing targeted fertilizers supporting sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grunert
- Greenyard, Skaldenstraat 7a, Desteldonk, Belgium
- Agaris, Desteldonk, Belgium
| | - Emma Hernandez-Sanabria
- VIB – KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Rega Institute Herestraat, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Stefaan De Neve
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Dirk Reheul
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Greenyard, Skaldenstraat 7a, Desteldonk, Belgium
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28
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Li T, Zhou Q. The key role of Geobacter in regulating emissions and biogeochemical cycling of soil-derived greenhouse gases. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115135. [PMID: 32650301 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, more and more attentions have been paid to soil-derived greenhouse gases (GHGs) including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) because there are signs that they have rising negative impacts on the sustainability of the earth surface system. Farmlands, particularly paddy soils, have been regarded as the most important emitter of GHGs (nearly 17%) due to a large influx of fertilization and the abundance in animals, plants and microorganisms. Geobacter, as an electroactive microorganism widely occurred in soil, has been well studied on electron transport mechanisms and the direct interspecies electron transfer. These studies on Geobacter illustrate that it has the ability to be involved in the pathways of soil GHG emissions through redox reactions under anaerobic conditions. In this review, production mechanisms of soil-derived GHGs and the amount of these GHGs produced had been first summarized. The cycling process of CH4 and N2O was described from the view of microorganisms and discussed the co-culture relationships between Geobacter and other microorganisms. Furthermore, the role of Geobacter in the production of soil-derived GHGs is defined by biogeochemical cycling. The complete view on the effect of Geobacter on the emission of soil-derived GHGs has been shed light on, and appeals further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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29
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Stathoulias A, Milioni A, Kritikou S, Karmakolia A, Goudoudaki S, Siamoglou S, Chassomeris C, Vassilakis S, Karamperis K, Velegraki A, Anastassopoulou C, Manoussopoulos Y, Patrinos GP, Kambouris ME. Toward High-Throughput Fungal Electroculturomics and New Omics Methodologies in 21st-Century Microbiology and Ecology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24:493-504. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2020.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stathoulias
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Aphroditi Milioni
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula Kritikou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Karmakolia
- Laboratory of Virology, Plant Protection Division of Patras, ELGO-Demeter, Patras, Greece
| | - Stavroula Goudoudaki
- Laboratory of Virology, Plant Protection Division of Patras, ELGO-Demeter, Patras, Greece
| | - Stavroula Siamoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Constantinos Chassomeris
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stamatis Vassilakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Kariofyllis Karamperis
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Aristea Velegraki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Cleo Anastassopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yiannis Manoussopoulos
- Laboratory of Virology, Plant Protection Division of Patras, ELGO-Demeter, Patras, Greece
| | - George P. Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Manousos E. Kambouris
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Muys M, Papini G, Spiller M, Sakarika M, Schwaiger B, Lesueur C, Vermeir P, Vlaeminck SE. Dried aerobic heterotrophic bacteria from treatment of food and beverage effluents: Screening of correlations between operation parameters and microbial protein quality. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123242. [PMID: 32248065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Consortia of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (AHB) have potential as sustainable microbial protein (MP) source in animal feed. A systematic screening of the nutritional value and safety of AHB biomass from full-scale activated sludge plants from 25 companies in the food sector was performed. The variable protein content (21-49%) was positively correlated with biomass-specific nitrogen loading rate and negatively with sludge retention time (SRT). Compared to the essential amino acid profile of soybean meal protein, AHB displayed an overall surplus of threonine and valine, and deficits in cysteine, histidine, lysine and phenylalanine. Histidine was positively correlated with bCOD/PO43- in the influent and valine, isoleucine and threonine with SRT. Most AHB samples were safe apropos heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and antibiotics. Some pesticides exceeded regulatory limits, necessitating mitigation. This work highlighted that the food sector can provide high-quality MP, while retrofitting existing activated sludge plants towards high-rate processes can increase AHB quality and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Muys
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, België, Belgium
| | - Gustavo Papini
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, België, Belgium
| | - Marc Spiller
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, België, Belgium
| | - Myrsini Sakarika
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, België, Belgium
| | - Barbara Schwaiger
- Lebensmittel Vertrauen Analysen LVA GmbH, Magdeburggasse 10, 3400 Klosterneuburg 236286 f, HG Wien, Oostenrijk, Austria
| | - Céline Lesueur
- Lebensmittel Vertrauen Analysen LVA GmbH, Magdeburggasse 10, 3400 Klosterneuburg 236286 f, HG Wien, Oostenrijk, Austria
| | - Pieter Vermeir
- Laboratory for Chemical Analysis, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Gent, België, Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, België, Belgium.
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Harder R, Wielemaker R, Molander S, Öberg G. Reframing human excreta management as part of food and farming systems. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 175:115601. [PMID: 32203816 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of human excreta as a resource, rather than as waste, has led to the emergence of a range of new and innovative nutrient recovery solutions. Nevertheless, the management of human excreta remains largely rooted in current sanitation and wastewater management approaches, which often makes nutrient recovery an add-on to existing infrastructures. In this paper, we argue that framing human excreta management as a resource recovery challenge within waste management obscures important trade-offs. We explore the factors that would be brought to the fore by reframing human excreta management as part of food and farming systems. We find that such a reframing would accentuate (at least) six aspects of critical importance that are currently largely overlooked. Recognizing that the proposed framing may also have its limitations, we argue that it has the potential to better guide human excreta management towards long-term global food, soil, and nutrient security while reducing the risk of compromising other priorities related to human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Harder
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Rosanne Wielemaker
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Sverker Molander
- Environmental Systems Analysis, Department of Technology Management and Economics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Öberg
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Wan Y, Huang Z, Zhou L, Li T, Liao C, Yan X, Li N, Wang X. Bioelectrochemical Ammoniation Coupled with Microbial Electrolysis for Nitrogen Recovery from Nitrate in Wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3002-3011. [PMID: 31891257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate-N in wastewaters is hard to be recovered because it is difficult to volatilize with an opposite charge to ammonium. Here, we have proved the feasibility of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) by the easy-acclimated mixed electroactive bacteria, achieving the highest DNRA efficiency of 44%. It was then coupled with microbial electrolysis to concentrate ammonium by a factor of 4 in the catholyte for recovery. The abundance of electroactive bacteria in the biofilm before nitrate addition, especially Geobacter spp., was found to determine the DNRA efficiency. As the main competitors of DNRA bacteria, the growth of denitrifiers was more sensitive to C/N ratios. The DNRA microbial community contrarily showed a stable and recoverable ammoniation performance over C/N ratios ranging from 0.5 to 8.0. A strong competition of the electrode and nitrate on electron donors was observed at the early stage (15 d) of electroactive biofilm formation, which can be weakened when the biofilm was mature on 40 d. Quantitative PCR showed a significant increase in nirS and nrfA transcripts in the ammoniation process. nirS was inhibited significantly after nitrate depletion while nrfA was still upregulated. These findings provided a novel way to recover nitrate-N using organic wastes as both electron donor and power, which has broader implications on the sustainable wastewater treatment and the ecology of nitrogen cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zongliang Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lean Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chengmei Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xuejun Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
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The hydrogen gas bio-based economy and the production of renewable building block chemicals, food and energy. N Biotechnol 2020; 55:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Cruz H, Law YY, Guest JS, Rabaey K, Batstone D, Laycock B, Verstraete W, Pikaar I. Mainstream Ammonium Recovery to Advance Sustainable Urban Wastewater Management. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:11066-11079. [PMID: 31483625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the 20th century, the prevailing approach toward nitrogen management in municipal wastewater treatment was to remove ammonium by transforming it into dinitrogen (N2) using biological processes such as conventional activated sludge. While this has been a very successful strategy for safeguarding human health and protecting aquatic ecosystems, the conversion of ammonium into its elemental form is incompatible with the developing circular economy of the 21st century. Equally important, the activated sludge process and other emerging ammonium removal pathways have several environmental and technological limitations. Here, we assess that the theoretical energy embedded in ammonium in domestic wastewater represents roughly 38-48% of the embedded chemical energy available in the whole of the discharged bodily waste. The current routes for ammonium removal not only neglect the energy embedded in ammonium, but they can also produce N2O, a very strong greenhouse gas, with such emissions comprising the equivalent of 14-26% of the overall carbon footprint of wastewater treatment plants. N2O emissions often exceed the carbon emissions related to the electricity consumption for the process requirements of WWTPs. Considering these limitations, there is a need to develop alternative ammonium management approaches that center around recovery of ammonium from domestic wastewater rather than deal with its "destruction" into elemental dinitrogen. Current ammonium recovery techniques are applicable only at orders of magnitude above domestic wastewater strength, and so new techniques based on physicochemical adsorption are of particular interest. A new pathway is proposed that allows for mainstream ammonium recovery from wastewater based on physicochemical adsorption through development of polymer-based adsorbents. Provided adequate adsorbents corresponding to characteristics outlined in this paper are designed and brought to industrial production, this adsorption-based approach opens perspectives for mainstream continuous adsorption coupled with side-stream recovery of ammonium with minimal chemical requirements. This proposed pathway can bring forward an effective resource-oriented approach to upgrade the fate of ammonium in urban water management without generating hidden externalized environmental costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidy Cruz
- School of Civil Engineering , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Ying Yu Law
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 637551 , Singapore
| | - Jeremy S Guest
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET) , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , 9000 Gent , Belgium
| | - Damien Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Bronwyn Laycock
- School of Chemical Engineering , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET) , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , 9000 Gent , Belgium
| | - Ilje Pikaar
- School of Civil Engineering , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
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35
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Sillman J, Nygren L, Kahiluoto H, Ruuskanen V, Tamminen A, Bajamundi C, Nappa M, Wuokko M, Lindh T, Vainikka P, Pitkänen JP, Ahola J. Bacterial protein for food and feed generated via renewable energy and direct air capture of CO2: Can it reduce land and water use? GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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36
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Delamare-Deboutteville J, Batstone DJ, Kawasaki M, Stegman S, Salini M, Tabrett S, Smullen R, Barnes AC, Hülsen T. Mixed culture purple phototrophic bacteria is an effective fishmeal replacement in aquaculture. WATER RESEARCH X 2019; 4:100031. [PMID: 31334494 PMCID: PMC6614599 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2019.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is the fastest growing animal food production industry, now producing 50% of all food fish. However, aquaculture feeds remain dependent on fishmeal derived from capture fisheries, which must be reduced for continued sustainable growth. Purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) efficiently yield biomass from wastewater with high product homogeneity, a relatively high protein fraction, and potential added value as an ingredient for fish feeds. Here we test bulk replacement of fishmeal with PPB microbial biomass in diets for Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer), a high value carnivorous fish with high protein to energy requirement. Mixed culture PPB were grown in a novel 1 m3 attached photo-biofilm process using synthetic and real wastewater. Four experimental diets were formulated to commercial specifications but with the fishmeal substituted (0%, 33%, 66%, and 100%) with the synthetic grown PPB biomass and fed to a cohort of 540 juvenile fish divided amongst 12 tanks over 47 days. Weight and standard length were taken from individual fish at 18, 28, and 47d. No significant difference in survival was observed due to diet or other factors (94-100%). There was a negative correlation between PPB inclusion level and final weight (p = 5.94 × 10-5) with diet accounting for 4.1% of the variance over the trial (general linear model, R2 = 0.96, p = 1 × 10-6). Feed conversion ratio was also significantly influenced by diet (p = 6 × 10-7) with this factor accounting for 89% of variance. Specifically, feed conversion ratio (FCR) rose to 1.5 for the 100% replacement diet during the last sample period, approximately 1.0 for the partial replacement, and 0.8 for the nil replacement diet. However, this study demonstrates that bulk replacement of fishmeal by PPB is feasible, and commercially viable at 33% and 66% replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Delamare-Deboutteville
- Advanced Water Management Centree, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Damien J. Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centree, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Minami Kawasaki
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Samuel Stegman
- Advanced Water Management Centree, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Salini
- Ridley Aqua-Feed Pty Ltd, PO Box 187, Deception Bay, 4504, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon Tabrett
- Ridley Aqua-Feed Pty Ltd, PO Box 187, Deception Bay, 4504, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Smullen
- Ridley Aqua-Feed Pty Ltd, PO Box 187, Deception Bay, 4504, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew C. Barnes
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Tim Hülsen
- Advanced Water Management Centree, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Corresponding author. Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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37
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Abstract
Hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria provide a sustainable solution for microbial protein production. Renewable electricity can be used for in situ water electrolysis in an electrobioreactor. The use of cultivation medium as the electrolyte enhances the hydrogen dissolution to the medium. This paper proposes a stack structure for in situ water electrolysis to improve the productivity of the electrobioreactor. The hydrogen production rate and the energy efficiency of the prototype stack are analyzed.
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38
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Krounbi L, Enders A, van Es H, Woolf D, von Herzen B, Lehmann J. Biological and thermochemical conversion of human solid waste to soil amendments. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 89:366-378. [PMID: 31079750 PMCID: PMC6538828 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biological and thermochemical sanitization of source-separated human solid waste (HSW) are effective technologies for unsewered communities. While both methods are capable of fecal pathogen sterilization, the agronomically-beneficial properties of waste sanitized between methods remains unclear. Therefore, this study compared recovery and quality of soil amendments produced by compostation, torrefaction, and pyrolysis of HSW, established their financial value, and quantified tradeoffs between product value and conversion efficiency. Temperature and associated mass losses significantly affected the physical and chemical properties of thermochemically-treated HSW. Thermophilic composting, a biological sanitation method practiced in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya, produced an amendment that contained between 16 and 858-fold more plant-available nitrogen (N; 214.5 mg N/kg) than HSW pyrolyzed between 300 and 700 °C (0.2-15.2 mg N/kg). Conversely, HSW pyrolyzed at 600 °C had four-fold higher plant-available phosphorus (P; 3117 mg P/kg) and five-fold higher plant-available potassium (K; 7403 mg K/kg) than composted HSW (716 mg P/kg and 1462 mg K/kg). Wide variation between international fertilizer prices on the low end and regional East African prices on the high end resulted in broad-spaced quantiles for the value of agronomic components in HSW amendments. Phosphorus and K comprised a disproportionate amount of the value, 52-87%, compared to plant-available N, which contributed less than 2%. The total value of treated HSW, summed across all agronomic components per unit weight amendment, was greatest for thermochemically-treated HSW at 600 °C, averaging 220 USD/Mg, more than four-fold that of composted HSW, 53 USD/Mg. In contrast, torrefaction provided the highest monetary value per unit weight feedstock, 144 USD/Mg, as low heating temperatures engender minimal mass loss and higher nutrient densities per unit weight feedstock, compared to composted or pyrolyzed HSW. When benchmarked against total N, P, and K of eight commonly-applied organic amendments, including sewage-sludge (Milorganite), compost, and alfalfa meal, HSW pyrolyzed at 700 °C was of greatest value per unit weight of amendment, 365 USD/Mg, compared to 89 USD/Mg for composted HSW, and contained 2.9% total N (0.5 mg available N/kg), 3.1% total P (7640 mg available P/kg), 3.5% total K (17,671 mg available K/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilah Krounbi
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Akio Enders
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Harold van Es
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Dominic Woolf
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Johannes Lehmann
- Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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39
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Pikaar I, de Vrieze J, Rabaey K, Herrero M, Smith P, Verstraete W. Carbon emission avoidance and capture by producing in-reactor microbial biomass based food, feed and slow release fertilizer: Potentials and limitations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:1525-1530. [PMID: 30743865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To adhere to the Paris Agreement of 2015, we need to store several Gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon annually. In the last years, a variety of technologies for carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon capture and usage (CCU) have been demonstrated. While conventional CCS and CCU are techno-economically feasible, their climate change mitigation potentials are limited, due to limited amount of CO2 that can be captured. Hence, there is an urgent need to explore other CCS and CCU routes. Here we discuss an interesting alternative route for capture of carbon dioxide from industrial point sources, using CO2-binding, so-called autotrophic aerobic bacteria to produce microbial biomass as a C-storage product. The produced microbial biomass is often referred to as microbial protein (MP) because it has a crude protein content of ~70-75%. Depending on the industrial production process and final quality of the produced MP, it can be used for human consumption as meat replacement, protein supplement in animal diets, or slow-release organic fertilizer thus providing both organic nitrogen and carbon to agricultural soils. Here, we discuss the potentials and limitations of this so far unexplored CCU approach. A preliminary assessment of the economic feasibility of the different routes for CO2 carbon avoidance, capture and utilization indicates that the value chain to food is becoming attractive and that the other end-points warrant close monitoring over the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilje Pikaar
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jo de Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Mario Herrero
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Avecom NV, Industrieweg 122P, 9032, Wondelgem, Belgium.
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Wongkiew S, Park MR, Chandran K, Khanal SK. Aquaponic Systems for Sustainable Resource Recovery: Linking Nitrogen Transformations to Microbial Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12728-12739. [PMID: 30264997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquaponics is a technology for food production (fish and vegetables/fruits) with concomitant remediation of nitrogen-rich aquaculture effluent. There is, however, a critical need to improve the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in aquaponics. Here, we employed quantitative polymerase chain reactions and next-generation sequencing to evaluate the bacterial communities and their links to nitrogen transformations for improving NUEs in four bench-scale plant-based floating-raft aquaponics (pak choi, lettuce, chive, and tomato) and three pH levels (7.0, 6.0, and 5.2). Low relative abundance of nitrifiers in plant roots and biofilters suggested nitrogen loss, which decreased NUE in aquaponics. Low pH level was a major factor that shifted the microbial communities and reduced the relative abundance of nitrifiers in aquaponic systems, leading to total ammonia nitrogen accumulation in recirculating water. In plant roots, the abundance of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (e.g., Nitrospira spp.) did not decrease at low pH levels, suggesting the benefit of growing plants in aquaponics for efficient nitrification and improving NUE. These findings on microbial communities and nitrogen transformations provided complementary strategies to improve the performance of the aquaponics regarding water quality and extent of nutrient recovery from aquaculture effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeth Wongkiew
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering , University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa , 1955 East-West Road , Honolulu , Hawai'i 96822 , United States
| | - Mee-Rye Park
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering , Columbia University , 500 West 120th Street , New York , New York 10027 , United States
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering , Columbia University , 500 West 120th Street , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering , University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa , 1955 East-West Road , Honolulu , Hawai'i 96822 , United States
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De Vrieze J, Boon N, Verstraete W. Taking the technical microbiome into the next decade. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:1991-2000. [PMID: 29745026 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The 'microbiome' has become a buzzword. Multiple new technologies allow to gather information about microbial communities as they evolve under stable and variable environmental conditions. The challenge of the next decade will be to develop strategies to compose and manage microbiomes. Here, key aspects are considered that will be of crucial importance for future microbial technological developments. First, the need to deal not only with genotypes but also particularly with phenotypes is addressed. Microbial technologies are often highly dependent on specific core organisms to obtain the desired process outcome. Hence, it is essential to combine omics data with phenotypic information to invoke and control specific phenotypes in the microbiome. Second, the development and application of synthetic microbiomes is evaluated. The central importance of the core species is a no-brainer, but the implementation of proper satellite species is an important route to explore. Overall, for the next decade, microbiome research should no longer almost exclusively focus on its capacity to degrade and dissipate but rather on its remarkable capability to capture disordered components and upgrade them into high-value microbial products. These products can become valuable commodities in the cyclic economy, as reflected in the case of 'reversed sanitation', which is introduced here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium.,Avecom NV, Industrieweg 122P, Wondelgem 9032, Belgium
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42
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Goold HD, Wright P, Hailstones D. Emerging Opportunities for Synthetic Biology in Agriculture. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E341. [PMID: 29986428 PMCID: PMC6071285 DOI: 10.3390/genes9070341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid expansion in the emerging field of synthetic biology has to date mainly focused on the microbial sciences and human health. However, the zeitgeist is that synthetic biology will also shortly deliver major outcomes for agriculture. The primary industries of agriculture, fisheries and forestry, face significant and global challenges; addressing them will be assisted by the sector’s strong history of early adoption of transformative innovation, such as the genetic technologies that underlie synthetic biology. The implementation of synthetic biology within agriculture may, however, be hampered given the industry is dominated by higher plants and mammals, where large and often polyploid genomes and the lack of adequate tools challenge the ability to deliver outcomes in the short term. However, synthetic biology is a rapidly growing field, new techniques in genome design and synthesis, and more efficient molecular tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 may harbor opportunities more broadly than the development of new cultivars and breeds. In particular, the ability to use synthetic biology to engineer biosensors, synthetic speciation, microbial metabolic engineering, mammalian multiplexed CRISPR, novel anti microbials, and projects such as Yeast 2.0 all have significant potential to deliver transformative changes to agriculture in the short, medium and longer term. Specifically, synthetic biology promises to deliver benefits that increase productivity and sustainability across primary industries, underpinning the industry’s prosperity in the face of global challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Douglas Goold
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Woodbridge Road, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia.
| | - Philip Wright
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Locked Bag 21, 161 Kite St, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia.
| | - Deborah Hailstones
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Woodbridge Road, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia.
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Pikaar I, Matassa S, Bodirsky BL, Weindl I, Humpenöder F, Rabaey K, Boon N, Bruschi M, Yuan Z, van Zanten H, Herrero M, Verstraete W, Popp A. Decoupling Livestock from Land Use through Industrial Feed Production Pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7351-7359. [PMID: 29923399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the main challenges for the 21st century is to balance the increasing demand for high-quality proteins while mitigating environmental impacts. In particular, cropland-based production of protein-rich animal feed for livestock rearing results in large-scale agricultural land-expansion, nitrogen pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. Here we propose and analyze the long-term potential of alternative animal feed supply routes based on industrial production of microbial proteins (MP). Our analysis reveals that by 2050, MP can replace, depending on socio-economic development and MP production pathways, between 10-19% of conventional crop-based animal feed protein demand. As a result, global cropland area, global nitrogen losses from croplands and agricultural greenhouse gas emissions can be decreased by 6% (0-13%), 8% (-3-8%), and 7% (-6-9%), respectively. Interestingly, the technology to industrially produce MP at competitive costs is directly accessible for implementation and has the potential to cause a major structural change in the agro-food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilje Pikaar
- School of Civil Engineering , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
- The University of Queensland , Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC) , Queensland St Lucia 4072 , Australia
| | - Silvio Matassa
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET) , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , 9000 Gent , Belgium
- Avecom NV, Industrieweg 122P , 9032 Wondelgem , Belgium
| | | | - Isabelle Weindl
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research , 14412 Potsdam , Germany
| | | | - Korneel Rabaey
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET) , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , 9000 Gent , Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET) , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , 9000 Gent , Belgium
| | | | - Zhiguo Yuan
- The University of Queensland , Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC) , Queensland St Lucia 4072 , Australia
| | - Hannah van Zanten
- Department of Animal Sciences , Wageningen University & Research , 6708 PB Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - Mario Herrero
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation , St Lucia , Australia
| | - Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET) , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , 9000 Gent , Belgium
- Avecom NV, Industrieweg 122P , 9032 Wondelgem , Belgium
| | - Alexander Popp
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research , 14412 Potsdam , Germany
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Alloul A, Ganigué R, Spiller M, Meerburg F, Cagnetta C, Rabaey K, Vlaeminck SE. Capture-Ferment-Upgrade: A Three-Step Approach for the Valorization of Sewage Organics as Commodities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:6729-6742. [PMID: 29772177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This critical review outlines a roadmap for the conversion of chemical oxygen demand (COD) contained in sewage to commodities based on three-steps: capture COD as sludge, ferment it to volatile fatty acids (VFA), and upgrade VFA to products. The article analyzes the state-of-the-art of this three-step approach and discusses the bottlenecks and challenges. The potential of this approach is illustrated for the European Union's 28 member states (EU-28) through Monte Carlo simulations. High-rate contact stabilization captures the highest amount of COD (66-86 g COD person equivalent-1 day-1 in 60% of the iterations). Combined with thermal hydrolysis, this would lead to a VFA-yield of 23-44 g COD person equivalent-1 day-1. Upgrading VFA generated by the EU-28 would allow, in 60% of the simulations, for a yearly production of 0.2-2.0 megatonnes of esters, 0.7-1.4 megatonnes of polyhydroxyalkanoates or 0.6-2.2 megatonnes of microbial protein substituting, respectively, 20-273%, 70-140% or 21-72% of their global counterparts (i.e., petrochemical-based esters, bioplastics or fishmeal). From these flows, we conclude that sewage has a strong potential as biorefinery feedstock, although research is needed to enhance capture, fermentation and upgrading efficiencies. These developments need to be supported by economic/environmental analyses and policies that incentivize a more sustainable management of our resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Alloul
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerpen , Belgium
| | - Ramon Ganigué
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET) , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , 9000 Gent , Belgium
| | - Marc Spiller
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerpen , Belgium
| | - Francis Meerburg
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET) , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , 9000 Gent , Belgium
| | - Cristina Cagnetta
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET) , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , 9000 Gent , Belgium
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET) , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , 9000 Gent , Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerpen , Belgium
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET) , Ghent University , Coupure Links 653 , 9000 Gent , Belgium
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Verstraete W, De Vrieze J. Microbial technology with major potentials for the urgent environmental needs of the next decades. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:988-994. [PMID: 28771931 PMCID: PMC5609260 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Several needs in the context of the water-energy-food nexus will become more prominent in the next decades. It is crucial to delineate these challenges and to find opportunities for innovative microbial technologies in the framework of sustainability and climate change. Here, we focus on four key issues, that is the imbalance in the nitrogen cycle, the diffuse emission of methane, the necessity for carbon capture and the deterioration of freshwater reserves. We suggest a set of microbial technologies to deal with each of these issues, such as (i) the production of microbial protein as food and feed, (ii) the control of methanogenic archaea and better use of methanotrophic consortia, (iii) the avoidance of nitrification and (iv) the upgrading of CO2 to microbial bioproducts. The central message is that instead of using crude methods to exploit microorganisms for degradations, the potentials of the microbiomes should be used to create processes and products that fit the demands of the cyclic market economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET)Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 653B‐9000GentBelgium
| | - Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET)Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 653B‐9000GentBelgium
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