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Swift Bird K, Navarre-Sitchler A, Singha K. Hyporheic Reaction Potential: A Framework for Predicting Reach Scale Solute Fate and Transport. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2024; 11:586-590. [PMID: 38882204 PMCID: PMC11171444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
We develop a new framework, hyporheic reaction potential (HRP), to predict the influence of oxidation-reduction reactions on metal fate and transport in streams using data from tracer studies and geochemical sampling. HRP, with energy flux units [KJ m-2 s-1], is a metric calculated from both the physical and chemical properties of the hyporheic zone. We apply the HRP framework for iron reactions, using existing geochemical and geophysical data from two metal-impacted alpine streams at high and low flow. In these two systems, HRP delineates contrasting controls on iron fate and transport with biogeochemical controls in Mineral Creek and physical controls in Cement Creek. In both systems, HRP scales with discharge and hyporheic-zone extent as flows change seasonally, which demonstrates the ability of HRP to capture physical aspects of chemical reactions in the hyporheic zone. This paper provides a foundation on which HRP can be expanded to other solutes where chemical gradients in the hyporheic zone control reaction networks, making it broadly applicable to redox cycling in stream systems. This framework is useful in quantifying the role of the hyporheic zone in sourcing and storing metal(loid)s under varying hydrologic conditions with implications for water quality, mine remediation, and regional watershed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Swift Bird
- Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alexis Navarre-Sitchler
- Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Geology and Geological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kamini Singha
- Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Geology and Geological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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2
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Dong L, Li S, Huang J, Li WJ, Ali M. Co-occurrence, toxicity, and biotransformation pathways of metformin and its intermediate product guanylurea: Current state and future prospects for enhanced biodegradation strategy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171108. [PMID: 38395159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Accumulation of metformin and its biotransformation product "guanylurea" are posing an increasing concern due to their low biodegradability under natural attenuated conditions. Therefore, in this study, we reviewed the unavoidable function of metformin in human body and the route of its release in different water ecosystems. In addition, metformin and its biotransformation product guanylurea in aquatic environments caused certain toxic effects on aquatic organisms which include neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption, production of ROS, and acetylcholinesterase disturbance in aquatic organisms. Moreover, microorganisms are the first to expose and deal with the release of these contaminants, therefore, the mechanisms of biodegradation pathways of metformin and guanylurea under aerobic and anaerobic environments were studied. It has been reported that certain microbes, such as Aminobacter sp. and Pseudomonas putida can carry potential enzymatic pathways to degrade the dead-end product "guanylurea", and hence guanylurea is no longer the dead-end product of metformin. However, these microbes can easily be affected by certain geochemical cycles, therefore, we proposed certain strategies that can be helpful in the enhanced biodegradation of metformin and its biotransformation product guanylurea. A better understanding of the biodegradation potential is imperative to improve the use of these approaches for the sustainable and cost-effective remediation of the emerging contaminants of concern, metformin and guanylurea in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; School of Life Science, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.
| | - Mukhtiar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Advanced Water Technology Laboratory, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China..
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3
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Li Q, Bu Q, Liu Q, Wang X, Zhao R, Huang H, Wang D, Yang L, Tang J. Depth-dependent variations of physicochemical properties of sedimentary dissolved organic matter and the influence on the elimination of typical pharmaceuticals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170432. [PMID: 38281635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Sedimentary dissolved organic matter (DOM) could exert a significant influence on the transformation of trace organic contaminants. However, the variations of sedimentary DOM properties with depth and their impact on trace organic contaminants biodegradation remain unclear. In this study, the qualitative changes in DOM properties with depth were assessed using spectral techniques. Specifically, within the sediment range of 0-30 cm, humic acid and fulvic acid fractions exhibited higher degrees of humification and aromatization at 10-20 cm, while hydrophilic fractions showed higher degrees of humification and aromatization at 20-30 cm. Furthermore, electrochemical methods were employed to quantitatively assess the electron transfer capacity of sedimentary DOM at different depths, which displayed consistent variation trend with humification and aromatization degree. The high degree of humification and aromatization, along with strong electron-accepting capability of DOM, significantly enhanced the biodegradation rates of tetracycline and ritonavir. To gain deeper insights into the influence of molecular composition of DOM on its properties, two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis revealed that quinones and phenolic hydroxyl compounds govern the redox reactivity of DOM. Simulated experiment of DOM-mediated biodegradation of typical pharmaceuticals confirmed the role of quinones and phenolic hydroxyl groups in the redox reactivity of DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Li
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology - Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Qingwei Bu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology - Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Quanzhen Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology - Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Ruiqing Zhao
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology - Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Haitao Huang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology - Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Donghong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
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4
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Li Q, Bu Q, Bai Z, Wu X, Yu G, Cao H, Yang L, Tang J. The microbial oxidation of pharmaceuticals in an anaerobic aqueous environment: Effect of dissolved organic matter fractions from different sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165682. [PMID: 37478923 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the biodegradation of trace organic contaminants occurred in the hyporheic zone. However, the role of diverse DOM fractions with distinct physicochemical properties on the biodegradation of pharmaceuticals under reducing conditions is scarcely known. To address this knowledge gap, DOMs derived from road-deposited sediment, soil, and active sludge (namely allochthonous DOM) and algae (namely autochthonous DOM) were collected and isolated into different fractions. Thereafter, the effect of DOM fractions on the anaerobic microbial oxidation of two typical pharmaceuticals, i.e., ritonavir (RTV) and tetracycline (TC) was explored by using simulated anaerobic microcosms. Mechanistic insights into how DOM fractions from different sources influence pharmaceutical biodegradation processes were provided by optical and electrochemical analyses. Results showed that humic acid and fulvic acid fractions from allochthonous DOM could enhance the biodegradation of TC (12.2 % per mgC/L) and RTV (14.5 % per mgC/L), while no significant impact was observed for that of hydrophilic fractions. However, autochthonous DOM promoted the biodegradation of TC (4.17 % per mgC/L) and inhibited that of RTV. Mechanistic analysis showed that the higher of humification and aromatization level of DOM components, the stronger their promotive effect on the biodegradation of TC and RTV. Further, the promotive mechanism could be attributed to the response of quinone moieties in DOM as extracellular electron acceptors that yields more energy to support microbial metabolism. These results provide a more comprehensive understanding of diverse DOM fractions mediating microbial anaerobic oxidation of trace organic pollutants, and extend our insights into contamination control and remediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Li
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Qingwei Bu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Zhuoshu Bai
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiaoze Wu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Gang Yu
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Hongmei Cao
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
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5
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Du R, Duan L, Zhang Q, Wang B, Huang J, Deng S, Yu G. Analysis on the attenuation characteristics of PPCPs in surface water and their influencing factors based on a compilation of literature data. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120203. [PMID: 37336183 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The attenuation characteristics of PPCPs play an important part in predicting their environmental concentrations. However, considerable uncertainty remains in reported laboratory data on the attenuation characteristics of PPCPs. In this analysis, we compile information on laboratory-observed photodegradation half-lives (t1/2), biodegradation t1/2, the organic carbon normalized adsorption constant (KOC) and field-observed overall attenuation t1/2 for PPCPs in water bodies from more than 200 peer-reviewed studies. To mitigate the effects of such uncertainty, we derive representative values (RV) for PPCP degradability from these records to better compare the characteristics of different PPCPs. We further examine the influence of experimental conditions and environmental drivers on the determination of t1/2 using difference analysis and correlation analysis. The results indicate that for laboratory photodegradation tests, different light sources, initial concentration and volume significantly affect t1/2, whereas there is no significant difference between values obtained from tests conducted in pure water and natural water. For biodegradation, laboratory-measured t1/2 values in batch, flume and column studies gradually decrease, marking the controlling role of experimental setup. Redox condition, initial concentration and volume are also recognized as important influencing factors. For adsorption, water-sediment ratio is the primary reaction parameter. As two frequently investigated factors, however, pH and temperature are not significant factors in almost all cases. In field observations, the persistence of carbamazepine, typically used as a tracer, is in doubt. Water depth and latitude are the most correlated drivers of t1/2, indicating the predominant status of photodegradation in the overall attenuation rates. These findings call for caution when selecting experimental parameters and environmental drivers in determining PPCP's attenuation rates and establishing PPCP fate models in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roujia Du
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qianxin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shubo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environmental and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
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6
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Bech TB, Hellal J, Badawi N, Jakobsen R, Aamand J. Linking denitrification and pesticide transformation potentials with community ecology and groundwater discharge in hyporheic sediments in a lowland stream. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120174. [PMID: 37343333 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of rivers by nitrate and pesticides poses a risk for aquatic ecosystems in lowland catchments that are often intensively used for agriculture. Here, the hyporheic zone, the streambed underneath the stream, plays a vital role due to its efficient self-purification capacity. The present study aims to evaluate the denitrification and transformation potential of 14 pesticides and three transformation products in the hyporheic sediment from a lowland stream with a high N load and by comparing an agricultural straightened section to a natural meandering part of the stream influenced by different groundwater discharges. Batch experiments were set up to evaluate the denitrification and pesticide transformation potentials in hyporheic sediment from two depths (5-15 cm (a) and 15-25 cm (b)). Our results revealed that (i) differences between the agricultural and natural sections of the river did not influence pollutant attenuation, (ii) both the nitrate and pesticide attenuation processes were more rapid in the upper "a" layer compared to the "b" layer due to higher microbial abundance, (iii) high groundwater discharge reduced the denitrification potential while pesticide transformation was unaffected, (iv) denitrification correlated with denitrifier abundance (nirK) in the "b" layer, while this correlation was not seen in the "a" layer, and (v) a microbial community with low diversity can explain limited transformation for the majority of tested pesticides. Overall, our results suggest that high groundwater discharge zones with reduced residence time in the hyporheic zone can be an important source of pesticides and nitrate to surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina B Bech
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, GEUS, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark; Rambøll Danmark A/S, Hannemanns Allé 53, Copenhagen 2300, Denmark.
| | | | - Nora Badawi
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, GEUS, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Jakobsen
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, GEUS, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark
| | - Jens Aamand
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, GEUS, Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen DK-1350, Denmark
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7
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Southwell RV, Hilton SL, Pearson JM, Hand LH, Bending GD. Water flow plays a key role in determining chemical biodegradation in water-sediment systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163282. [PMID: 37023820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Before agrochemicals can be registered and sold, the chemical industry is required to perform regulatory tests to assess their environmental persistence, using defined guidelines. Aquatic fate tests (e.g. OECD 308) lack environmental realism as they are conducted under dark conditions and in small-scale static systems, which can affect microbial diversity and functionality. In this study, water-sediment microflumes were used to investigate the impact of these deficiencies in environmental realism on the fate of the fungicide, isopyrazam. Although on a large-scale, these systems aimed to retain the key aspects of OECD 308 tests. Tests were carried out under both a non-UV light-dark cycle and continuous darkness and under both static and flowing water conditions, to investigate how light and water flow affect isopyrazam biodegradation pathways. In static systems, light treatment played a significant role, with faster dissipation in illuminated compared to dark microflumes (DT50s = 20.6 vs. 47.7 days). In flowing systems (DT50s = 16.8 and 15.3 days), light did not play a significant role in dissipation, which was comparable between the two light treatments, and faster than in dark static microflumes. Microbial phototroph biomass was significantly reduced by water flow in the illuminated systems, thereby reducing their contribution to dissipation. Comprehensive analysis of bacterial and eukaryotic community composition identified treatment specific changes following incubation, with light promoting relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae, and flow increasing relative abundance of fungi. We conclude that both water velocity and non-UV light increased isopyrazam dissipation, but the contribution of light depended on the flow conditions. These differences may have resulted from impacts on microbial communities and via mixing processes, particularly hyporheic exchange. Inclusion of both light and flow in studies could improve the extent they mimic natural environments and predict chemical environmental persistence, thus bridging the gap between laboratory and field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca V Southwell
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Product Safety, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berkshire RG4 6EY, UK.
| | - Sally L Hilton
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jonathan M Pearson
- School of Engineering, Library Road, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Laurence H Hand
- Product Safety, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berkshire RG4 6EY, UK
| | - Gary D Bending
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Herzog SP, Galloway J, Banks EW, Posselt M, Jaeger A, Portmann A, Sahm R, Kusebauch B, Lewandowski J, Ward AS. Combined Surface-Subsurface Stream Restoration Structures Can Optimize Hyporheic Attenuation of Stream Water Contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4153-4166. [PMID: 36853955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is a design-to-function knowledge gap regarding how engineered stream restoration structures can maximize hyporheic contaminant attenuation. Surface and subsurface structures have each been studied in isolation as techniques to restore hyporheic exchange, but surface-subsurface structures have not been investigated or optimized in an integrated manner. Here, we used a numerical model to systematically evaluate key design variables for combined surface (i.e., weir height and length) and subsurface (i.e., upstream and downstream baffle plate spacing) structures. We also compared performance metrics that place differing emphasis on hyporheic flux versus transit times. We found that surface structures tended to create higher flux, shorter transit time flowpaths, whereas subsurface structures promoted moderate-flux, longer transit time flowpaths. Optimal combined surface-subsurface structures could increase fluxes and transit times simultaneously, thus providing conditions for contaminant attenuation that were many times more effective than surface or subsurface structures alone. All performance metrics were improved by the presence of an upstream plate and the absence of a downstream plate. Increasing the weir length tended to improve all metrics, whereas the optimal weir height varied based on metrics. These findings may improve stream restoration by better aligning specific restoration goals with appropriate performance metrics and hyporheic structure designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skuyler P Herzog
- Natural Resources Program, Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, College of Forestry, Oregon State University-Cascades, Bend, Oregon 97702, United States
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jason Galloway
- Department of Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eddie W Banks
- National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, and College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Malte Posselt
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 11418 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Jaeger
- Department of Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Portmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Hydrologic Science and Engineering Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - René Sahm
- Section IV 2.5 - Trace Analysis, Artificial Ponds and Streams, German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), 12307 Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Kusebauch
- Section IV 2.5 - Trace Analysis, Artificial Ponds and Streams, German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), 12307 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Lewandowski
- Department of Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adam S Ward
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Biological and Ecological Engineering Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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9
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Prieto-Espinoza M, Di Chiara Roupert R, Belfort B, Weill S, Imfeld G. Reactive transport of micropollutants in laboratory aquifers undergoing transient exposure periods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159170. [PMID: 36198349 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater quality is of increasing concern due to the ubiquitous occurrence of micropollutant mixtures. Stream-groundwater interactions near agricultural and urban areas represent an important entry pathway of micropollutants into shallow aquifers. Here, we evaluated the biotransformation of a micropollutant mixture (i.e., caffeine, metformin, atrazine, terbutryn, S-metolachlor and metalaxyl) during lateral stream water flow to adjacent groundwater. We used an integrative approach combining concentrations and transformation products (TPs) of the micropollutants, compound-specific isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N), sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and reactive transport modeling. Duplicate laboratory aquifers (160 cm × 80 cm × 7 cm) were fed with stream water and subjected over 140 d to three successive periods of micropollutant exposures as pulse-like (6000 μg L-1) and constant (600 μg L-1) injections under steady-state conditions. Atrazine, terbutryn, S-metolachlor and metalaxyl persisted in both aquifers during all periods (<10 % attenuation). Metformin attenuation (up to 14 %) was only observed from 90 d onwards, suggesting enhanced degradation over time. In contrast, caffeine dissipated during all injection periods (>90 %), agreeing with fast degradation rates (t1/2 < 3 d) in parallel microcosm experiments and detection of TPs (theobromine and xanthine). Significant stable carbon isotope fractionation (Δδ13C ≥ 6.6 ‰) was observed for caffeine in both aquifers, whereas no enrichment in 15N occurred. A concentration dependence of caffeine biotransformation in the aquifers was further suggested by model simulations following Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Changes in bacterial community composition reflected long-term bacterial adaptation to micropollutant exposures. Altogether, the use of an integrative approach can help to understand the interplay of subsurface hydrochemistry, bacterial adaptations and micropollutants biotransformation during stream-groundwater interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Prieto-Espinoza
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/EOST, ITES UMR 7063, Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Raphaël Di Chiara Roupert
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/EOST, ITES UMR 7063, Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benjamin Belfort
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/EOST, ITES UMR 7063, Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvain Weill
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/EOST, ITES UMR 7063, Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gwenaël Imfeld
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/EOST, ITES UMR 7063, Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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10
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He Y, Zhang Y, Ju F. Metformin Contamination in Global Waters: Biotic and Abiotic Transformation, Byproduct Generation and Toxicity, and Evaluation as a Pharmaceutical Indicator. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:13528-13545. [PMID: 36107956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is the first-line antidiabetic drug and one of the most prescribed medications worldwide. Because of its ubiquitous occurrence in global waters and demonstrated ecotoxicity, metformin, as with other pharmaceuticals, has become a concerning emerging contaminant. Metformin is subject to transformation, producing numerous problematic transformation byproducts (TPs). The occurrence, removal, and toxicity of metformin have been continually reviewed; yet, a comprehensive analysis of its transformation pathways, byproduct generation, and the associated change in adverse effects is lacking. In this review, we provide a critical overview of the transformation fate of metformin during water treatments and natural processes and compile the 32 organic TPs generated from biotic and abiotic pathways. These TPs occur in aquatic systems worldwide along with metformin. Enhanced toxicity of several TPs compared to metformin has been demonstrated through organism tests and necessitates the development of complete mineralization techniques for metformin and more attention on TP monitoring. We also assess the potential of metformin to indicate overall contamination of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments, and compared to the previously acknowledged ones, metformin is found to be a more robust or comparable indicator of such overall pharmaceutical contamination. In addition, we provide insightful avenues for future research on metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen He
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future (RCIF), School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 310024, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Höhne A, Müller BM, Schulz H, Dara R, Posselt M, Lewandowski J, McCallum JL. Fate of trace organic compounds in the hyporheic zone: Influence of microbial metabolism. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 224:119056. [PMID: 36126632 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The hyporheic zone (HZ) is considered a hydrodynamically-driven bioreactor with significant pollutant removal capacities and can therefore not only improve wholestream water quality but also preserve human and ecosystem health. Microbial metabolism is hypothesized to play a key role in pollutant transformation in hyporheic sediments of natural streams. However, previous work investigating the influence of microbial metabolism on pollutant transformation has been predominantly laboratory studies. The key challenge for field studies is the appropriate determination of net microbial metabolism, i.e. information on the actual exposure times to specific microbial processes in the investigated system. The present study uses reactive fluorescent tracers to determine microbial metabolism and ultimately its influence on pollutant transformation, e.g. for trace organic compounds, in hyporheic sediments under natural conditions. In particular, the reactive fluorescent tracers resazurin and its main transformation product resorufin were used to determine the microbial metabolism of facultative or obligate aerobes. The influence of the derived microbial metabolism on the transformation of 20 trace organic compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, including 3 parent-daughter pairs, was examined. The present findings validate laboratory results on the microbially-mediated transformation of the anticonvulsant gabapentin to its main transformation product gabapentin lactam under natural conditions. All other TrOCs investigated did not show a clear link between TrOC reactivity to the microbial metabolism informed by the resazurin-resorufin-system. Overall, the present study not only demonstrates the use of the fluorescent tracer-system resazurin and resorufin for determining microbial metabolism of facultative or obligate aerobes but also generally highlights the potential of reactive fluorescent tracers to disentangle specific reactive properties and ultimately their influence on the fate of pollutants in natural HZs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Höhne
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Birgit M Müller
- Department Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Chair of Water Quality Engineering, Technical University Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna Schulz
- Department Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Department Geography, Humboldt University Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 16, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebwar Dara
- Department Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Department of Earth Sciences and Petroleum, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Malte Posselt
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 11418 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jörg Lewandowski
- Department Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Department Geography, Humboldt University Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 16, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - James L McCallum
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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12
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Hanamoto S, Yamamoto-Ikemoto R. In-stream sorption of azithromycin and levofloxacin in a river receiving sewage treatment plant effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119568. [PMID: 35661806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Modelling natural attenuation is crucial to managing pharmaceuticals. However, little is known about the mechanism behind their in-stream sorption. To better understand the in-stream attenuation of the highly sorptive antibiotics azithromycin (AZM) and levofloxacin (LVF), we monitored them in a 2.1-km stretch of the Asano River under diverse flow conditions. This stretch receives effluent directly from a sewage treatment plant (STP), which was a dominant source of the pharmaceuticals. Average distribution coefficients between dissolved and particulate phases (Kd,SPM) in the outflow river water were 6.3×105 L/kg for AZM and 7.5×104 L/kg for LVF, while those in the STP effluent were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower. Mass balances in the river stretch calculated by considering only dissolved phase (MBw) and both dissolved and particulate phases (MBs) were 8%-52% and 58%-102%, respectively, for AZM, and 58%-71% and 60%-105% for LVF. MBw<MBs is attributed to an increase in suspended particulate matter (SPM)-mediated mass flows in the river stretch, i.e., in-stream sorption to SPM, which was caused mainly by their much higher river Kd,SPM values than those in the effluent. Their river Kd,SPM values increased on higher-flow days with decreasing effluent content in the river water, resulting in the increase of their in-stream SPM sorption. Their in-stream loss from the entire water column (i.e., 100-MBs), which was attributable to their mass transfer from the overlying water to sediment through sorption, was decreased on higher-flow days by hydrological factors. A key finding is that AZM and LVF mostly entered the river stretch in the dissolved phase of STP effluent, whereas they existed substantially in the particulate phase in the outflow river water, especially on high-flow days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Hanamoto
- Environment Preservation Center, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Ryoko Yamamoto-Ikemoto
- Environment Preservation Center, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
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13
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Bech TB, Stehrer T, Jakobsen R, Badawi N, Schostag MD, Hinsby K, Aamand J, Hellal J. Degradation potential of MCPA, metolachlor and propiconazole in the hyporheic sediments of an agriculturally impacted river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155226. [PMID: 35461929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyporheic sediments are influenced by physical, biological, and chemical processes due to the interactions with river water and has been shown to play an important role in the environmental fate of pesticides. Therefore, this study evaluated the bacterial degradation potential of MCPA, metolachlor and propiconazole in hyporheic sediments sampled along a 20 km long stretch of an agriculturally impacted river dominated primarily by water losing conditions. Water physicochemical parameters in the river and nearby groundwater wells were assessed along with pesticide sorption to sediments and bacterial community composition. Degradation and mineralisation batch experiments were set up from six locations (five water losing, one water gaining) using environmentally relevant concentrations of pesticides (10 μg kg-1). Highly variable DT50 values from 11 to 44 days for MCPA, 11-27 days for metolachlor (MTC) and 60-147 days for propiconazole were calculated based on ~140 day studies. Degradation of MTC led to accumulation of the transformation products MOA and MESA in batch experiments. Noteworthy, MESA was detected in the groundwater wells adjacent to the part of the river impacted by losing conditions suggesting that degradation processes in hyporheic sediments may lead to the formation of transformation products (TP) leaching towards groundwater. Further, from propiconazole was identified a persistent transformation product being different from 1,2,4-triazole. Specific calculated DT50 values could not the linked to bacterial diversity. However, generally all sediment samples were characterised by high bacterial diversity, where approximately 80% of the relative sequence abundances were < 1%, which may increase the likelihood of finding contaminant-degrading genes, thereby explaining the general high contaminant-degrading activity. The studied sediments revealed a high potential to degrade pesticides despite only being exposed to low diffuse pollutant concentrations that is similar to calculated DT50 values in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina B Bech
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Department of Geochemistry, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Stehrer
- Proteomics Service Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rasmus Jakobsen
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Department of Geochemistry, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nora Badawi
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Department of Geochemistry, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten D Schostag
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Klaus Hinsby
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Department of Hydrology, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Aamand
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Department of Geochemistry, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Abstract
Fecal contamination is a significant source of water quality impairment globally. Aquatic ecosystems can provide an important ecosystem service of fecal contamination removal. Understanding the processes that regulate the removal of fecal contamination among river networks across flow conditions is critical. We applied a river network model, the Framework for Aquatic Modeling in the Earth System (FrAMES-Ecoli), to quantify removal of fecal indicator bacteria by river networks across flow conditions during summers in a series of New England watersheds of different characteristics. FrAMES-Ecoli simulates sources, transport, and riverine removal of Escherichia coli (E. coli). Aquatic E. coli removal was simulated in both the water column and the hyporheic zone, and is a function of hydraulic conditions, flow exchange rates with the hyporheic zone, and die-off in each compartment. We found that, at the river network scale during summers, removal by river networks can be high (19–99%) with variability controlled by hydrologic conditions, watershed size, and distribution of sources in the watershed. Hydrology controls much of the variability, with 68–99% of network scale inputs removed under base flow conditions and 19–85% removed during storm events. Removal by the water column alone could not explain the observed pattern in E. coli, suggesting that processes such as hyporheic removal must be considered. These results suggest that river network removal of fecal indicator bacteria should be taken into consideration in managing fecal contamination at critical downstream receiving waters.
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15
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Doerries TJ, Chechkin AV, Schumer R, Metzler R. Rate equations, spatial moments, and concentration profiles for mobile-immobile models with power-law and mixed waiting time distributions. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:014105. [PMID: 35193292 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.014105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a framework for systems in which diffusion-advection transport of a tracer substance in a mobile zone is interrupted by trapping in an immobile zone. Our model unifies different model approaches based on distributed-order diffusion equations, exciton diffusion rate models, and random-walk models for multirate mobile-immobile mass transport. We study various forms for the trapping time dynamics and their effects on the tracer mass in the mobile zone. Moreover, we find the associated breakthrough curves, the tracer density at a fixed point in space as a function of time, and the mobile and immobile concentration profiles and the respective moments of the transport. Specifically, we derive explicit forms for the anomalous transport dynamics and an asymptotic power-law decay of the mobile mass for a Mittag-Leffler trapping time distribution. In our analysis we point out that even for exponential trapping time densities, transient anomalous transport is observed. Our results have direct applications in geophysical contexts, but also in biological, soft matter, and solid state systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo J Doerries
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aleksei V Chechkin
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Mathematica, Hugo Steinhaus Center, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
- Akhiezer Institute for Theoretical Physics, 61108 Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Rina Schumer
- Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada 89512, USA
| | - Ralf Metzler
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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16
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Hu LX, Olaitan OJ, Li Z, Yang YY, Chimezie A, Adepoju-Bello AA, Ying GG, Chen CE. What is in Nigerian waters? Target and non-target screening analysis for organic chemicals. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131546. [PMID: 34323804 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Emerging organic contaminants (e.g., active pharmaceutical ingredients and personal care products ingredients) are ubiquitous in the environment and potentially harmful to ecosystems, have gained increasing public attention worldwide. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of data on these contaminants in Africa. In this study, various types of water samples (wastewater, surface water and tap water) collected from Lagos, Nigeria were analyzed for these chemicals by both target and non-target analysis on an UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS. In total, 109 compounds were identified by non-target screening using the online database mzCloud. Level 1 identification confidence was achieved for 13 compounds for which reference standards were available and level 2 was achieved for the rest. In the quantitative analysis, 18 of 38 target compounds were detected, including the parent compounds and their metabolites. Acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole, acesulfame, and caffeine were detected in all samples with their highest concentrations at 8000, 5300, 16, and 7700 μg/L in wastewater, 140000, 3300, 7.7, and 12000 μg/L in surface water, and 66, 62, 0.17 and 1000 μg/L in tap water, respectively. The occurrence of psychoactive substances, anticancer treatments, antiretrovirals, antihypertensives, antidiabetics and their metabolites were reported in Nigeria for the first time. These results indicate poor wastewater treatment and management in Nigeria, and provide a preliminary profile of organic contaminants occurring in Nigerian waters. The findings from this study urge more future research on chemical pollution in the aquatic environments in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Hu
- Environmental Research Institute / School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Olatunde James Olaitan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- Environmental Research Institute / School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Anyakora Chimezie
- School of Science and Technology, Pan Atlantic University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Guang-Guo Ying
- Environmental Research Institute / School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chang-Er Chen
- Environmental Research Institute / School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Höhne A, Lewandowski J, Schaper JL, McCallum JL. Determining hyporheic removal rates of trace organic compounds using non-parametric conservative transport with multiple sorption models. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 206:117750. [PMID: 34678696 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the transport and reactive processes of contaminants in freshwater streams is crucial in managing water resources sustainably. Particularly the hyporheic zone, the sediment-water interface where surface water and groundwater mix, may possess significant contaminant removal capacities due to its myriad physical, chemical, and microbiological processes. However, modelling approaches aiming at assessing the hyporheic zone's reactivity are either based on simple assumptions, such as, predefining the shape of the residence times distribution (RTD) function, or are computationally not feasible due to a too detailed system characterisation. In addition, parent-daughter reactions of contaminants are barely investigated. The present study introduces a numerical modelling framework for assessing hyporheic reactions of contaminant transformation reactions based on a non-parametric residence time approach combined with multiple sorption models and first-order removal reactions. The proposed framework uses natural electrical conductivity fluctuations to determine conservative transport properties and is demonstrated by interpreting time series of hyporheic point measurements of trace organic compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, and their transformation products using two commonly-used sorption models, namely the simple retardation and the first-order kinetic sorption model. The developed approach gives similar reaction rate coefficient estimates for all contaminants considered for both sorption models tested. The findings highlight that (i) the accurate shape of the RTD is most certainly important for reactive parameter determination and (ii) the daughter reaction rate coefficient may be underestimated if its parent transformation is ignored. The model provides reactive parameter estimates of contaminant transformation reactions with high parameter identifiability and informs which specific parent-daughter-pathway has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Höhne
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin 12587, Germany.
| | - Jörg Lewandowski
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin 12587, Germany; Humboldt University Berlin, Geography Department, Rudower Chaussee 16, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Jonas L Schaper
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - James L McCallum
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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18
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Broecker T, Sobhi Gollo V, Fox A, Lewandowski J, Nützmann G, Arnon S, Hinkelmann R. High-Resolution Integrated Transport Model for Studying Surface Water-Groundwater Interaction. GROUND WATER 2021; 59:488-502. [PMID: 33368208 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transport processes that lead to exchange of mass between surface water and groundwater play a significant role for the ecological functioning of aquatic systems, for hydrological processes and for biogeochemical transformations. In this study, we present a novel integral modeling approach for flow and transport at the sediment-water interface. The model allows us to simultaneously simulate turbulent surface and subsurface flow and transport with the same conceptual approach. For this purpose, a conservative transport equation was implemented to an existing approach that uses an extended version of the Navier-Stokes equations. Based on previous flume studies which investigated the spreading of a dye tracer under neutral, losing and gaining flow conditions the new solver is validated. Tracer distributions of the experiments are in close agreement with the simulations. The simulated flow paths are significantly affected by in- and outflowing groundwater flow. The highest velocities within the sediment are found for losing condition, which leads to shorter residence times compared to neutral and gaining conditions. The largest extent of the hyporheic exchange flow is observed under neutral condition. The new solver can be used for further examinations of cases that are not suitable for the conventional coupled models, for example, if Reynolds numbers are larger than 10. Moreover, results gained with the integral solver provide high-resolution information on pressure and velocity distributions at the rippled streambed, which can be used to improve flow predictions. This includes the extent of hyporheic exchange under varying ambient groundwater flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Broecker
- Chair of Water Resources Management and Modeling of Hydrosystems, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vahid Sobhi Gollo
- Chair of Water Resources Management and Modeling of Hydrosystems, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aryeh Fox
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Jörg Lewandowski
- Ecohydrology Department, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Nützmann
- Ecohydrology Department, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Geography Department, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shai Arnon
- Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Israel
| | - Reinhard Hinkelmann
- Chair of Water Resources Management and Modeling of Hydrosystems, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Jaeger A, Posselt M, Schaper JL, Betterle A, Rutere C, Coll C, Mechelke J, Raza M, Meinikmann K, Portmann A, Blaen PJ, Horn MA, Krause S, Lewandowski J. Transformation of organic micropollutants along hyporheic flow in bedforms of river-simulating flumes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13034. [PMID: 34158517 PMCID: PMC8219703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban streams receive increasing loads of organic micropollutants from treated wastewaters. A comprehensive understanding of the in-stream fate of micropollutants is thus of high interest for water quality management. Bedforms induce pumping effects considerably contributing to whole stream hyporheic exchange and are hotspots of biogeochemical turnover processes. However, little is known about the transformation of micropollutants in such structures. In the present study, we set up recirculating flumes to examine the transformation of a set of micropollutants along single flowpaths in two triangular bedforms. We sampled porewater from four locations in the bedforms over 78 days and analysed the resulting concentration curves using the results of a hydrodynamic model in combination with a reactive transport model accounting for advection, dispersion, first-order removal and retardation. The four porewater sampling locations were positioned on individual flowpaths with median solute travel times ranging from 11.5 to 43.3 h as shown in a hydrodynamic model previously. Highest stability was estimated for hydrochlorothiazide on all flowpaths. Lowest detectable half-lives were estimated for sotalol (0.7 h) and sitagliptin (0.2 h) along the shortest flowpath. Also, venlafaxine, acesulfame, bezafibrate, irbesartan, valsartan, ibuprofen and naproxen displayed lower half-lives at shorter flowpaths in the first bedform. However, the behavior of many compounds in the second bedform deviated from expectations, where particularly transformation products, e.g. valsartan acid, showed high concentrations. Flowpath-specific behavior as observed for metformin or flume-specific behavior as observed for metoprolol acid, for instance, was attributed to potential small-scale or flume-scale heterogeneity of microbial community compositions, respectively. The results of the study indicate that the shallow hyporheic flow field and the small-scale heterogeneity of the microbial community are major controlling factors for the transformation of relevant micropollutants in river sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jaeger
- Department Ecohydrology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany. .,Geography Department, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Malte Posselt
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas L Schaper
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Betterle
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Cyrus Rutere
- Department of Ecological Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Claudia Coll
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mechelke
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Raza
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.,IWW Water Centre, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Karin Meinikmann
- Julius Kühn Institute - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Portmann
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Phillip J Blaen
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Yorkshire Water, Leeds, UK
| | - Marcus A Horn
- Department of Ecological Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Krause
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jörg Lewandowski
- Department Ecohydrology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.,Geography Department, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Desiante WL, Minas NS, Fenner K. Micropollutant biotransformation and bioaccumulation in natural stream biofilms. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 193:116846. [PMID: 33540344 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Micropollutants are ubiquitously found in natural surface waters and pose a potential risk to aquatic organisms. Stream biofilms, consisting of bacteria, algae and other microorganisms potentially contribute to bioremediating aquatic environments by biotransforming xenobiotic substances. When investigating the potential of stream biofilms to remove micropollutants from the water column, it is important to distinguish between different fate processes, such as biotransformation, passive sorption and active bioaccumulation. However, due to the complex nature of the biofilm community and its extracellular matrix, this task is often difficult. In this study, we combined biotransformation experiments involving natural stream biofilms collected up- and downstream of wastewater treatment plant outfalls with the QuEChERS extraction method to distinguish between the different fate processes. The QuEChERS extraction proved to be a suitable method for a broad range of micropollutants (> 80% of the investigated compounds). We found that 31 out of 63 compounds were biotransformed by the biofilms, with the majority being substitution-type biotransformations, and that downstream biofilms have an increased biotransformation potential towards specific wastewater-relevant micropollutants. Overall, using the experimental and analytical strategy developed, stream biofilms were demonstrated to have a broad inherent micropollutant biotransformation potential, and to thus contribute to bioremediation and improving ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner L Desiante
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nora S Minas
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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21
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Ding Y, Cui K, Lv K, Li R, Chen Y, Liu X. Revealing the hydrological transport and attenuation of 14 antibiotics in a low-flow stream. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143288. [PMID: 33203556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fate of antibiotics has mostly been studied in lab-scale systems. Few studies have precisely evaluated the attenuation of antibiotics in natural streams. We used Lagrangian sampling combined with a tracer test and one-dimensional transport with inflow and storage model (OTIS) to reveal the effects of dilution and self-attenuation processes, and diurnal variation of light on the degradation of 14 antibiotics in a 3.6 km low-flow stream. The results showed that the order of in-stream attenuation rates were macrolides (0.18-0.25 h-1) > tetracyclines (0.16-0.18 h-1) > fluoroquinolones (0.094-0.13 h-1) > sulfonamides (0.056-0.082 h-1); half of the mass of antibiotics were lost within 0.44-1.96 km. The dilution effect, including longitudinal dispersion and transient storage, accounted for 20.70%-91.60% of the total attenuation while self-attenuation processes accounted for 8.40%-79.30%. Over 60% of sulfonamides were dissipated by dilution, while over 68% of the removal of macrolides and tetracyclines was attributed to self-attenuation. A comparison of the attenuation rates between day and night demonstrated that photo-dependent attenuation played a dominant role, especially for sulfonamides, accounting for more than 50% of their self-attenuation. Photo-independent attenuation reduced most macrolides and tetracyclines. This in situ experiment increased our understanding of antibiotic attenuation in natural streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Kangping Cui
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Kai Lv
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ruzhong Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yihan Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Nanominerals and Pollution Control of Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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22
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Cook S, Price O, King A, Finnegan C, van Egmond R, Schäfer H, Pearson JM, Abolfathi S, Bending GD. Bedform characteristics and biofilm community development interact to modify hyporheic exchange. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:141397. [PMID: 32841855 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The physical and biological attributes of riverine ecosystems interact in a complex manner which can affect the hydrodynamic behaviour of the system. This can alter the mixing characteristics of a river at the sediment-water interface. Research on hyporheic exchange has increased in recent years driven by a greater appreciation for the importance of this dynamic ecotone in connecting and regulating river systems. An understanding of process-based interactions driving hyporheic exchange is still limited, specifically the feedbacks between the physical and biological controlling factors. The interplay between bed morphology and sediment size on biofilm community development and the impact on hyporheic exchange mechanisms, was experimentally considered. Purpose built recirculating flume systems were constructed and three profiles of bedform investigated: i) flat, ii) undulating λ = 1 m, ii) undulating λ = 0.2 m, across two different sized sediments (0.5 mm and 5 mm). The influence of biofilm growth and bedform interaction on hyporheic exchange was explored, over time, using discrete repeat injections of fluorescent dye into the flumes. Hyporheic exchange rates were greatest in systems with larger sediment sizes (5 mm) and with more bedforms (undulating λ = 0.2). Sediment size was a dominant control in governing biofilm growth and hyporheic exchange in systems with limited bedform. In systems where bedform was prevalent, sediment size and biofilm appeared to no longer be a control on exchange due to the physical influence of advective pumping. Here, exchange rates within these environments were more consistent overtime, despite greater microbial growth. As such, bedform has the potential to overcome the rate limiting effects of biotic factors on hyporheic exchange and sediment size on microbial penetration. This has implications for pollutant and nutrient penetration; bedforms increase hydrological connectivity, generating the opportunity to support microbial communities at depth and as such, improve the self-purification ability of river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cook
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | | | - Andrew King
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | | | - Hendrik Schäfer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | | | - Gary D Bending
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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23
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Glaser C, Zarfl C, Werneburg M, Böckmann M, Zwiener C, Schwientek M. Temporal and spatial variable in-stream attenuation of selected pharmaceuticals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:139514. [PMID: 32887017 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic micropollutants enter rivers mainly with discharges of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and pose a risk to aquatic ecosystems and water quality. A considerable knowledge gap exists for disentangling overlapping processes and driving conditions that control the fate of these pollutants. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the driving parameters for attenuation of selected pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, tramadol and venlafaxine) under field conditions. The presented study was performed at a small river (Ammer River, mean discharge 0.87 m3 s-1) which is hydrologically complex due to karstification, numerous artificial discharges, and engineered modifications of the channel. We applied a Lagrangian sampling scheme at two sequential river reaches. In general, for the investigated compounds and over the length of the tested reaches, the absolute net attenuation representative for 24 h was low (≤ 23% net attenuation), yet calculated half-lives were comparable to literature. Photodegradation is specifically relevant for the first river reach characterized by a higher net attenuation of the photosensitive compound diclofenac (14.5% ±11.3%) compared to the second section (9.8% ±13.7%). This is likely due to a spatial difference in canopy shading, which is supported by significant correlations (R2 ≥ 0.8) of the temporally changing 'temperature' and 'solar radiation' with time-specific degradation rate constants of photosensitive compounds for consecutive hourly water parcels. In general, the presented spatially and temporally resolved approach is a suitable tool to determine the attenuation of organic micropollutants and to narrow down the interpretation of net attenuation to a few reasonable processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Glaser
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Christiane Zarfl
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martina Werneburg
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Böckmann
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Zwiener
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Schwientek
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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24
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Zhi H, Kolpin DW, Klaper RD, Iwanowicz LR, Meppelink SM, LeFevre GH. Occurrence and Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Pharmaceuticals in a Temperate-Region Wastewater Effluent-Dominated Stream: Variable Inputs and Differential Attenuation Yield Evolving Complex Exposure Mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12967-12978. [PMID: 32960577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Effluent-dominated streams are becoming increasingly common in temperate regions and generate complex pharmaceutical mixture exposure conditions that may impact aquatic organisms via drug-drug interactions. Here, we quantified spatiotemporal pharmaceutical exposure concentrations and composition mixture dynamics during baseflow conditions at four sites in a temperate-region effluent-dominated stream (upstream, at, and progressively downstream from effluent discharge). Samples were analyzed monthly for 1 year for 109 pharmaceuticals/degradates using a comprehensive U.S. Geological Survey analytical method and biweekly for 2 years focused on 14 most common pharmaceuticals/degradates. We observed a strong chemical gradient with pharmaceuticals only sporadically detected upstream from the effluent. Seventy-four individual pharmaceuticals/degradates were detected, spanning 5 orders of magnitude from 0.28 to 13 500 ng/L, with 38 compounds detected in >50% of samples. "Biweekly" compounds represented 77 ± 8% of the overall pharmaceutical concentration. The antidiabetic drug metformin consistently had the highest concentration with limited in-stream attenuation. The antihistamine drug fexofenadine inputs were greater during warm- than cool-season conditions but also attenuated faster. Differential attenuation of individual pharmaceuticals (i.e., high = citalopram; low = metformin) contributed to complex mixture evolution along the stream reach. This research demonstrates that variable inputs over multiple years and differential in-stream attenuation of individual compounds generate evolving complex mixture exposure conditions for biota, with implications for interactive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhi
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, 100 C. Maxwell Stanley Hydraulics Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Dana W Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water Science Center, 400 S. Clinton Street, Rm 269 Federal Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, United States
| | - Rebecca D Klaper
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, School of Freshwater Sciences, 600 E. Greenfield Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
| | - Luke R Iwanowicz
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430, United States
| | - Shannon M Meppelink
- U.S. Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water Science Center, 400 S. Clinton Street, Rm 269 Federal Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, United States
| | - Gregory H LeFevre
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, 100 C. Maxwell Stanley Hydraulics Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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25
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Rutere C, Knoop K, Posselt M, Ho A, Horn MA. Ibuprofen Degradation and Associated Bacterial Communities in Hyporheic Zone Sediments. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1245. [PMID: 32824323 PMCID: PMC7464344 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pain reliever, is among pharmaceutical residues of environmental concern ubiquitously detected in wastewater effluents and receiving rivers. Thus, ibuprofen removal potentials and associated bacteria in the hyporheic zone sediments of an impacted river were investigated. Microbially mediated ibuprofen degradation was determined in oxic sediment microcosms amended with ibuprofen (5, 40, 200, and 400 µM), or ibuprofen and acetate, relative to an un-amended control. Ibuprofen was removed by the original sediment microbial community as well as in ibuprofen-enrichments obtained by re-feeding of ibuprofen. Here, 1-, 2-, 3-hydroxy- and carboxy-ibuprofen were the primary transformation products. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed a significantly higher 16S rRNA abundance in ibuprofen-amended relative to un-amended incubations. Time-resolved microbial community dynamics evaluated by 16S rRNA gene and 16S rRNA analyses revealed many new ibuprofen responsive taxa of the Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Latescibacteria, and Proteobacteria. Two ibuprofen-degrading strains belonging to the genera Novosphingobium and Pseudomonas were isolated from the ibuprofen-enriched sediments, consuming 400 and 300 µM ibuprofen within three and eight days, respectively. The collective results indicated that the hyporheic zone sediments sustain an efficient biotic (micro-)pollutant degradation potential, and hitherto unknown microbial diversity associated with such (micro)pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Rutere
- Department of Ecological Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Kirsten Knoop
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany; (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Malte Posselt
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Adrian Ho
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany; (K.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Marcus A. Horn
- Department of Ecological Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany;
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany; (K.K.); (A.H.)
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26
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Posselt M, Mechelke J, Rutere C, Coll C, Jaeger A, Raza M, Meinikmann K, Krause S, Sobek A, Lewandowski J, Horn MA, Hollender J, Benskin JP. Bacterial Diversity Controls Transformation of Wastewater-Derived Organic Contaminants in River-Simulating Flumes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5467-5479. [PMID: 32251587 PMCID: PMC7304871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hyporheic zones are the water-saturated flow-through subsurfaces of rivers which are characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of multiple physical, biological, and chemical processes. Two factors playing a role in the hyporheic attenuation of organic contaminants are sediment bedforms (a major driver of hyporheic exchange) and the composition of the sediment microbial community. How these factors act on the diverse range of organic contaminants encountered downstream from wastewater treatment plants is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated dissipation half-lives (DT50s) of 31 substances (mainly pharmaceuticals) under different combinations of bacterial diversity and bedform-induced hyporheic flow using 20 recirculating flumes in a central composite face factorial design. By combining small-volume pore water sampling, targeted analysis, and suspect screening, along with quantitative real-time PCR and time-resolved amplicon Illumina MiSeq sequencing, we determined a comprehensive set of DT50s, associated bacterial communities, and microbial transformation products. The resulting DT50s of parent compounds ranged from 0.5 (fluoxetine) to 306 days (carbamazepine), with 20 substances responding significantly to bacterial diversity and four to both diversity and hyporheic flow. Bacterial taxa that were associated with biodegradation included Acidobacteria (groups 6, 17, and 22), Actinobacteria (Nocardioides and Illumatobacter), Bacteroidetes (Terrimonas and Flavobacterium) and diverse Proteobacteria (Pseudomonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae). Notable were the formation of valsartan acid from irbesartan and valsartan, the persistence of N-desmethylvenlafaxine across all treatments, and the identification of biuret as a novel transformation product of metformin. Twelve additional target transformation products were identified, which were persistent in either pore or surface water of at least one treatment, indicating their environmental relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Posselt
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-11418 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mechelke
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstr. 133, CH 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cyrus Rutere
- Department
of Ecological Microbiology, University of
Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Claudia Coll
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-11418 Stockholm, Sweden
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstr. 133, CH 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Anna Jaeger
- Department
Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater
Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Geography
Department, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Muhammad Raza
- Technical
University of Darmstadt, Institute of Applied
Geosciences, Darmstadt, Germany
- IWW
Water Centre, Mülheim an
der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Karin Meinikmann
- Department
Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater
Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Julius
Kühn-Institute, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Krause
- School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K.
| | - Anna Sobek
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-11418 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jörg Lewandowski
- Department
Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater
Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Geography
Department, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus A. Horn
- Department
of Ecological Microbiology, University of
Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Institute
of Microbiology, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, DE-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag,
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstr. 133, CH 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan P. Benskin
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, SE-11418 Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Li Z, McLachlan MS. Comparing non-targeted chemical persistence assessed using an unspiked OECD 309 test to field measurements. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:1233-1242. [PMID: 32227045 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00595a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that unspiked OECD 309 tests can be used to quantify chemical biodegradation in surface waters, relying on chemical residues already present in the water. Here we test the hypothesis that unspiked OECD 309 tests can quantitatively predict chemical persistence in the environment by comparing chemical half-lives assessed in the laboratory against those measured in the field. The study object was a Swedish lake heavily impacted by treated municipal wastewater. Half-lives in the field were measured by mass balance over 12 weeks. In parallel, half-lives in the lab were determined with an unspiked OECD 309 test run for 60 days. Chemical analysis was conducted using a non-target screening approach. The field study yielded a half-life <100 days for 38 chemicals for which the dominant source was wastewater; 32 of these were also detected in the lab test, whereby 18 had half-lives with a well-constrained uncertainty that did not intersect infinity. For 14 of the 18 chemicals, the field and lab half-lives agreed within a factor 3. In summary, the lab test predicted chemical attenuation in the field well. Limitations of the approach include the need for measurable chemical concentrations in the water body and failure to account for some attenuation mechanisms like phototransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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28
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The effect of unsteady streamflow and stream-groundwater interactions on oxygen consumption in a sandy streambed. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19735. [PMID: 31875013 PMCID: PMC6930257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Streamflow dynamics are often ignored when studying biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone. We explored the interactive effects of unsteady streamflow and groundwater fluxes on the delivery and consumption of oxygen within the hyporheic zone using a recirculating flume packed with natural sandy sediments. The flume was equipped with a programmable streamflow control and drainage system that was used to impose losing and gaining fluxes. Tracer tests were used to measure hyporheic exchange flux and a planar optode was used to measure subsurface oxygen concentration patterns. It was found that the volume of the oxic zone decreased when the losing flux declined, and was drastically decreased when gaining conditions were applied. It was also found that unsteady streamflow led to a slight increase in the average volume of the oxic zone, compared to the average volume of the oxic zone under steady streamflow. However, the average oxygen consumption rates were significantly higher under unsteady streamflow compared to steady streamflow under all groundwater conditions with the exception of the highest losing flux. The present study provides the first insight into the interactions between streamflow unsteadiness and losing/gaining fluxes and improve understanding of their impact on microbial metabolism in the hyporheic zone.
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29
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Abstract
Oxygen distribution and uptake in the hyporheic zone regulate various redox-sensitive reactions and influence habitat conditions. Despite the fact that fine-grain sediments in streams and rivers are commonly in motion, most studies on biogeochemistry have focused on stagnant sediments. In order to evaluate the effect of bed form celerity on oxygen dynamics and uptake in sandy beds, we conducted experiments in a recirculating indoor flume. Oxygen distribution in the bed was measured under various celerities using 2D planar optodes. Bed morphodynamics were measured by a surface elevation sensor and time-lapse photography. Oxygenated zones in stationary beds had a conchoidal shape due to influx through the stoss side of the bed form, and upwelling anoxic water at the lee side. Increasing bed celerity resulted in the gradual disappearance of the upwelling anoxic zone and flattening of the interface between the oxic (moving fraction of the bed) and the anoxic zone (stationary fraction of the bed), as well as in a reduction of the volumetric oxygen uptake rates due shortened residence times in the hyporheic zone. These results suggest that including processes related to bed form migration are important for understanding the biogeochemistry of hyporheic zones.
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30
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Jaeger A, Coll C, Posselt M, Mechelke J, Rutere C, Betterle A, Raza M, Mehrtens A, Meinikmann K, Portmann A, Singh T, Blaen PJ, Krause S, Horn MA, Hollender J, Benskin JP, Sobek A, Lewandowski J. Using recirculating flumes and a response surface model to investigate the role of hyporheic exchange and bacterial diversity on micropollutant half-lives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:2093-2108. [PMID: 31631204 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00327d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the understanding of the fate of wastewater-derived organic micropollutants in rivers is crucial to improve risk assessment, regulatory decision making and river management. Hyporheic exchange and sediment bacterial diversity are two factors gaining increasing importance as drivers for micropollutant degradation, but are complex to study in field experiments and usually ignored in laboratory tests aimed to estimate environmental half-lives. Flume mesocosms are useful to investigate micropollutant degradation processes, bridging the gap between the field and batch experiments. However, few studies have used flumes in this context. We present a novel experimental setup using 20 recirculating flumes and a response surface model to study the influence of hyporheic exchange and sediment bacterial diversity on half-lives of the anti-epileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) and the artificial sweetener acesulfame (ACS). The effect of bedform-induced hyporheic exchange was tested by three treatment levels differing in number of bedforms (0, 3 and 6). Three levels of sediment bacterial diversity were obtained by diluting sediment from the River Erpe in Berlin, Germany, with sand (1 : 10, 1 : 1000 and 1 : 100 000). Our results show that ACS half-lives were significantly influenced by sediment dilution and number of bedforms. Half-lives of CBZ were higher than ACS, and were significantly affected only by the sediment dilution variable, and thus by bacterial diversity. Our results show that (1) the flume-setup is a useful tool to study the fate of micropollutants in rivers, and that (2) higher hyporheic exchange and bacterial diversity in the sediment can increase the degradation of micropollutants in rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jaeger
- Department Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Co-Design of Engineered Hyporheic Zones to Improve In-Stream Stormwater Treatment and Facilitate Regulatory Approval. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Green infrastructure is an increasingly popular approach to mitigate widespread degradation of urban waters from stormwater pollution. However, many stormwater best management practices (BMPs) have inconsistent water quality performance and are limited to on-site, land-based deployments. To address basin-wide pollutant loads still reaching urban streams, hyporheic zone engineering has been proposed as an in-stream treatment strategy. Recognizing that regulator and practitioner perspectives are essential for innovation in the water sector, we interviewed U.S. water management professionals about the perceived risks, opportunities, and knowledge gaps related to in-stream stormwater treatment. We used engineered hyporheic zones as a case study to understand interviewee perspectives on an emerging class of in-stream treatment technologies. Interviews revealed that many considerations for in-stream stormwater treatment are common to land-based BMPs, but in-stream BMPs have additional unique design and siting requirements. Here, we synthesize practitioner goals, their recommendations on in-stream BMP design, and open research questions related to in-stream BMPs. Many interviewees suggested pairing engineered hyporheic zones with other BMPs in a treatment train to improve in-stream treatment, while simultaneously reducing risk and cost. We discuss how treatment trains and other strategies might also help overcome regulatory hurdles for innovative stormwater treatment.
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Mechelke J, Vermeirssen ELM, Hollender J. Passive sampling of organic contaminants across the water-sediment interface of an urban stream. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 165:114966. [PMID: 31437634 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling is a well-established tool for monitoring time-weighted average concentrations of polar and semi-polar organic contaminants in streams at flow velocities between 0.1 and 0.4 m s-1. However, its application under low-flow conditions (10-5 to 0.01 m s-1) - as encountered in hyporheic zones - has been scarcely reported. In this study, 3 novel passive sampler configurations were developed for the monitoring of (semi-)polar organic pollutants and related transformation products across the water-sediment interface and thus across varying hydrodynamic conditions. Their design was inspired by Chemcatcher and diffusive gradients in thin films for organics. To determine the most optimal sampler design, an uptake experiment was completed involving the 3 novel passive sampler configurations and a reference Chemcatcher in polar configuration. The experiments consisted of a circular flume that simulated the main channel of a stream and an aquarium with stagnant water that represented the underlying hyporheic zone. The systems were exposed to 192 organic pollutants at environmental concentrations, and the samplers were then collected, extracted and analyzed using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry after 2, 6 and 14 days. The configuration that was most insensitive to different hydrodynamic conditions consisted of a reversed-phase sulfonated styrenedivinylbenzene disk as the receiving phase that was covered by an agarose diffusion gel and topped with a polyethersulfone membrane filter. To further evaluate its environmental application, samplers were installed downstream of a sewage treatment plant located at an urban stream in Berlin, Germany (Erpe). The samplers were mounted on custom-made holders which were subsequently embedded in the stream bed to position samplers above (0.30 m) and within the sediment (-0.15/-0.30/-0.45 m) for 11 days. Target and suspect screening workflows were then applied to identify common concentration patterns and link parent attenuation to transformation product formation. A total of 104 concentration profiles were determined, suggesting the efficiency of the proposed sampling strategy in the water-sediment interface. Valsartan acid was the only known transformation product indicative of hyporheic zone-driven attenuation as its concentration in porewater by far exceeded its concentration in surface water. Similar patterns were observed for a larger list of suspected transformation products, of which a sotalol transformation product was tentatively identified. Overall, the established sampling methodology can be effectively used to quantify organic contaminants during low-flow conditions and is suitable for the characterization of attenuation patterns of organic pollutants in hyporheic zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Mechelke
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Rivers are important ecosystems under continuous anthropogenic stresses. The hyporheic zone is a ubiquitous, reactive interface between the main channel and its surrounding sediments along the river network. We elaborate on the main physical, biological, and biogeochemical drivers and processes within the hyporheic zone that have been studied by multiple scientific disciplines for almost half a century. These previous efforts have shown that the hyporheic zone is a modulator for most metabolic stream processes and serves as a refuge and habitat for a diverse range of aquatic organisms. It also exerts a major control on river water quality by increasing the contact time with reactive environments, which in turn results in retention and transformation of nutrients, trace organic compounds, fine suspended particles, and microplastics, among others. The paper showcases the critical importance of hyporheic zones, both from a scientific and an applied perspective, and their role in ecosystem services to answer the question of the manuscript title. It identifies major research gaps in our understanding of hyporheic processes. In conclusion, we highlight the potential of hyporheic restoration to efficiently manage and reactivate ecosystem functions and services in river corridors.
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Glaser C, Schwientek M, Zarfl C. Designing field-based investigations of organic micropollutant fate in rivers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28633-28649. [PMID: 31385254 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic micropollutants in rivers are emitted via diffuse and point sources like from agricultural practice or wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Extensive laboratory and field experiments have been conducted to understand emissions and fate of these pollutants in freshwaters. Nevertheless, data is often difficult to compare since common protocols for appropriate approaches are largely missing. Thus, interpretation of the observed changes in substance concentrations and of the underlying fate of these compounds downstream of the chemical input into the river is still challenging. To narrow this research gap, (1) process understanding and (2) measurement approaches for field-based investigations are critically reviewed in this article. The review includes, on the one hand, processes that change the volume of the water (hydrological processes) and, on the other hand, processes that affect the substance mass within the water (distribution and transformation). Environmental boundary conditions for the purpose of better comparability of different attenuation studies, as well as promising state-of-the-art measurement approaches from different disciplines, are presented. This overview helps to develop a tailored procedure to assess turnover mechanisms of organic micropollutants under field conditions. In this respect, further research needs to standardize interdisciplinary approaches to increase the informative value of collected data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Glaser
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Marc Schwientek
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Zarfl
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
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Gallé T, Pittois D, Bayerle M, Braun C. An immission perspective of emerging micropollutant pressure in Luxembourgish surface waters: A simple evaluation scheme for wastewater impact assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:992-999. [PMID: 31352191 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While wastewater treatment plants have been identified as the most prominent source of emerging micropollutants in surface waters, prediction of their ambient concentrations remains a challenge. This is due to the variability of loads entering individual treatment plants and of the elimination capacity by the latter as well as potential attenuation in the river network. Although geospatially detailed models exist, they suffer from the same data input uncertainties. Here, we investigated the concentration profiles of 20 emerging pollutants in different river stretches in Luxembourg with variable sanitary pressures. Using carbamazepine as a recalcitrant wastewater indicator, the correlation of the compounds to the latter revealed source and fate variability as well as specific emitters. Relating carbamazepine to sanitary pressure, expressed as the sum of population equivalents in a catchment divided by its surface [PE ha-1] allowed predicting the impact of emerging pollutants on the entire river network. The limited variability of the pollutant profiles allowed for prioritization of impacted stretches depending on the different sanitary pressures at risk quotient exceedance. The main drivers of impact were triclosan, diclofenac, clarithromycine and diuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Gallé
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, ERIN Dept., Luxembourg.
| | - Denis Pittois
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, ERIN Dept., Luxembourg
| | - Michael Bayerle
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, ERIN Dept., Luxembourg
| | - Christian Braun
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, ERIN Dept., Luxembourg
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Integral Flow Modelling Approach for Surface Water-Groundwater Interactions along a Rippled Streambed. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11071517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exchange processes of surface and groundwater are important for the management of water quantity and quality as well as for the ecological functioning. In contrast to most numerical simulations using coupled models to investigate these processes, we present a novel integral formulation for the sediment-water-interface. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model OpenFOAM was used to solve an extended version of the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations which is also applicable in non-Darcy-flow layers. Simulations were conducted to determine the influence of ripple morphologies and surface hydraulics on the flow processes within the hyporheic zone for a sandy and for a gravel sediment. In- and outflowing exchange fluxes along a ripple were determined for each case. The results indicate that larger grain size diameters, as well as ripple distances, increased hyporheic exchange fluxes significantly. For higher ripple dimensions, no clear relationship to hyporheic exchange was found. Larger ripple lengths decreased the hyporheic exchange fluxes due to less turbulence between the ripples. For all cases with sand, non-Darcy-flow was observed at an upper layer of the ripple, whereas for gravel non-Darcy-flow was recognized nearly down to the bottom boundary. Moreover, the sediment grain sizes influenced also the surface water flow significantly.
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Schaper JL, Posselt M, Bouchez C, Jaeger A, Nuetzmann G, Putschew A, Singer G, Lewandowski J. Fate of Trace Organic Compounds in the Hyporheic Zone: Influence of Retardation, the Benthic Biolayer, and Organic Carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4224-4234. [PMID: 30905154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The fate of 28 trace organic compounds (TrOCs) was investigated in the hyporheic zone (HZ) of an urban lowland river in Berlin, Germany. Water samples were collected hourly over 17 h in the river and in three depths in the HZ using minipoint samplers. The four relatively variable time series were subsequently used to calculate first-order removal rates and retardation coefficients via a one-dimensional reactive transport model. Reversible sorption processes led to substantial retardation of many TrOCs along the investigated hyporheic flow path. Some TrOCs, such as dihydroxy-carbamazepine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, and venlafaxine, were found to be stable in the HZ. Others were readily removed with half-lives in the first 10 cm of the HZ ranging from 0.1 ± 0.01 h for iopromide to 3.3 ± 0.3 h for tramadol. Removal rate constants of the majority of reactive TrOCs were highest in the first 10 cm of the HZ, where removal of biodegradable dissolved organic matter was also the highest. Because conditions were oxic along the top 30 cm of the investigated flow path, we attribute this finding to the high microbial activity typically associated with the shallow HZ. Frequent and short vertical hyporheic exchange flows could therefore be more important for reach-scale TrOC removal than long, lateral hyporheic flow paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas L Schaper
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
- Chair of Water Quality Engineering , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Malte Posselt
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) , Stockholm University , 114 19 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Camille Bouchez
- CNRS , Univ Rennes , Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118 , 35000 Rennes , France
| | - Anna Jaeger
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
- Geography Department , Humboldt University Berlin , Rudower Chaussee 16 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Gunnar Nuetzmann
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
- Geography Department , Humboldt University Berlin , Rudower Chaussee 16 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Anke Putschew
- Chair of Water Quality Engineering , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 135 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Gabriel Singer
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
| | - Joerg Lewandowski
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries , Department Ecohydrology , Müggelseedamm 310 , 12587 Berlin , Germany
- Geography Department , Humboldt University Berlin , Rudower Chaussee 16 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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Guillet G, Knapp JLA, Merel S, Cirpka OA, Grathwohl P, Zwiener C, Schwientek M. Fate of wastewater contaminants in rivers: Using conservative-tracer based transfer functions to assess reactive transport. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:1250-1260. [PMID: 30625655 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interpreting the fate of wastewater contaminants in streams is difficult because their inputs vary in time and several processes synchronously affect reactive transport. We present a method to disentangle the various influences by performing a conservative-tracer test while sampling a stream section at various locations for chemical analysis of micropollutants. By comparing the outflow concentrations of contaminants with the tracer signal convoluted by the inflow time series, we estimated reaction rate coefficients and calculated the contaminant removal along a river section. The method was tested at River Steinlach, Germany, where 38 contaminants were monitored. Comparing day-time and night-time experiments allowed distinguishing photo-dependent degradation from other elimination processes. While photo-dependent degradation showed to be highly efficient for the removal of metroprolol, bisoprolol, and venlafaxine, its impact on contaminant removal was on a similar scale to the photo-independent processes when averaged over 24 h. For a selection of compounds analyzed in the present study, bio- and photodegradation were higher than in previous field studies. In the Steinlach study, we observed extraordinarily effective removal processes that may be due to the higher proportion of treated wastewater, temperature, DOC and nitrate concentrations, but also a higher surface to volume ratio from low flow conditions that favorizes photodegradation through the shallow water column and a larger transient storage than observed in comparable studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Guillet
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia L A Knapp
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sylvain Merel
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf A Cirpka
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Grathwohl
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Zwiener
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Schwientek
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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Li Z, McLachlan MS. Biodegradation of Chemicals in Unspiked Surface Waters Downstream of Wastewater Treatment Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1884-1892. [PMID: 30674186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The OECD 309 guideline uses spiked incubation tests to provide data on biodegradation kinetics in surface waters. However, potential limitations of spiking test chemicals into the studied water have not been investigated. We conducted the OECD 309 test with unspiked surface water relying on chemical residues present in the water. Parallel experiments were conducted with the same water spiked with 13 chemicals at higher concentrations (50 μg L-1). Six chemicals detected in both the spiked and the unspiked systems were biodegraded. For each chemical the concentration change over time differed between the systems. Tramadol and venlafaxine showed constant concentrations in the spiked systems but increasing concentrations in the unspiked systems. Atenolol and metoprolol showed first-order elimination with no lag in the unspiked systems, compared to a lag of 15-28 d followed by zero-order elimination kinetics in the spiked systems. Acesulfame was only slightly degraded (<50%) in the unspiked system, while removal was complete (>99%) in the spiked systems. Gabapentin displayed a complex behavior where the features differed markedly between the spiked and the unspiked systems. We conclude that spiking can strongly influence biodegradation, reducing the environmental relevance of test results. Under some conditions biodegradation can be measured in unspiked natural waters instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) , Stockholm University , S-10691 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Michael S McLachlan
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) , Stockholm University , S-10691 Stockholm , Sweden
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