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Zhong S, Liu R, Yue S, Wang P, Zhang Q, Ma C, Deng J, Qi Y, Zhu J, Liu CQ, Kawamura K, Fu P. Peatland Wildfires Enhance Nitrogen-Containing Organic Compounds in Marine Aerosols over the Western Pacific. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10991-11002. [PMID: 38829627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Peatland wildfires contribute significantly to the atmospheric release of light-absorbing organic carbon, often referred to as brown carbon. In this study, we examine the presence of nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) within marine aerosols across the Western Pacific Ocean, which are influenced by peatland fires from Southeast Asia. Employing ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) in electrospray ionization (ESI) positive mode, we discovered that NOCs are predominantly composed of reduced nitrogenous bases, including CHN+ and CHON+ groups. Notably, the count of NOC formulas experiences a marked increase within plumes from peatland wildfires compared to those found in typical marine air masses. These NOCs, often identified as N-heterocyclic alkaloids, serve as potential light-absorbing chromophores. Furthermore, many NOCs demonstrate pyrolytic stability, engage in a variety of substitution reactions, and display enhanced hydrophilic properties, attributed to chemical processes such as methoxylation, hydroxylation, methylation, and hydrogenation that occur during emission and subsequent atmospheric aging. During the daytime atmospheric transport, aging of aromatic N-heterocyclic compounds, particularly in aliphatic amines prone to oxidation and reactions with amine, was observed. The findings underscore the critical role of peatland wildfires in augmenting nitrogen-containing organics in marine aerosols, underscoring the need for in-depth research into their effects on marine ecosystems and regional climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Zhong
- Institute of Surface-Earth Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environment Protection, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530022, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Siyao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- Institute of Surface-Earth Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Institute of Surface-Earth Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jialei Zhu
- Institute of Surface-Earth Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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Xu Y, Wang X, Ou Q, Zhou Z, van der Hoek JP, Liu G. Appearance of Recalcitrant Dissolved Black Carbon and Dissolved Organic Sulfur in River Waters Following Wildfire Events. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7165-7175. [PMID: 38597176 PMCID: PMC11044583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Increasing wildfire frequency, a consequence of global climate change, releases incomplete combustion byproducts such as aquatic pyrogenic dissolved organic matter (DOM) and black carbon (DBC) into waters, posing a threat to water security. In August 2022, a series of severe wildfires occurred in Chongqing, China. Samples from seven locations along the Yangtze and Jialing Rivers revealed DBC, quantified by the benzene poly(carboxylic acid) (BPCA) method, comprising 9.5-19.2% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). High concentrations of BPCA-DBC with significant polycondensation were detected near wildfire areas, likely due to atmospheric deposition driven by wind. Furthermore, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) revealed that wildfires were associated with an increase in condensed aromatics, proteins, and unsaturated hydrocarbons, along with a decrease in lignins. The condensed aromatics primarily consisted of dissolved black nitrogen (DBN), contributing to abundant high-nitrogen-containing compounds in locations highly affected by wildfires. Meanwhile, wildfires potentially induced the input of recalcitrant sulfur-containing protein-like compounds, characterized by high oxidation, aliphatic nature, saturation, and low aromaticity. Overall, this study revealed the appearance of recalcitrant DBC and dissolved organic sulfur in river waters following wildfire events, offering novel insights into the potential impacts of wildfires on water quality and environmental biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Section
of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of
Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft
University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Xintu Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Qin Ou
- Key
Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Section
of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of
Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft
University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Zhongbo Zhou
- College
of Resources and Environment, Southwest
University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jan Peter van der Hoek
- Section
of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of
Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft
University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
- Waternet,
Department Research & Innovation,
P.O. Box 94370, 1090 GJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gang Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Section
of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of
Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft
University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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3
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Abudumutailifu M, Shang X, Wang L, Zhang M, Kang H, Chen Y, Li L, Ju R, Li B, Ouyang H, Tang X, Li C, Wang L, Wang X, George C, Rudich Y, Zhang R, Chen J. Unveiling the Molecular Characteristics, Origins, and Formation Mechanism of Reduced Nitrogen Organic Compounds in the Urban Atmosphere of Shanghai Using a Versatile Aerosol Concentration Enrichment System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7099-7112. [PMID: 38536960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Reduced nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in aerosols play a crucial role in altering their light-absorption properties, thereby impacting regional haze and climate. Due to the low concentration levels of individual NOCs in the air, the utilization of accurate detection and quantification technologies becomes essential. For the first time, this study investigated the diurnal variation, chemical characteristics, and potential formation pathways of NOCs in urban ambient aerosols in Shanghai using a versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES) coupled with HPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The results showed that NOCs accounted over 60% of identified components of urban organic aerosols, with O/N < 3 compounds being the major contributors (>70%). The predominance of the positive ionization mode suggested the prevalence of reduced NOCs. Higher relative intensities and number fractions of NOCs were observed during nighttime, while CHO compounds showed an opposite trend. Notably, a positive correlation between the intensity of NOCs and ammonium during the nighttime was observed, suggesting that the reaction of ammonium to form imines may be a potential pathway for the formation of reduced NOCs during the nighttime. Seven prevalent types of reduced NOCs in autumn and winter were identified and characterized by an enrichment of CH2 long-chain homologues. These NOCs included alkyl, cyclic, and aromatic amides in CHON compounds, as well as heterocyclic or cyclic amines and aniline homologue series in CHN compounds, which were associated with anthropogenic activities and may be capable of forming light-absorbing chromophores or posing harm to human health. The findings highlight the significant contributions of both primary emissions and ammonium chemistry, particularly amination processes, to the pollution of reduced NOCs in Shanghai's atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munila Abudumutailifu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaona Shang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Huihui Kang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yunqian Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ling Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruiting Ju
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Huiling Ouyang
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xu Tang
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xinke Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Christian George
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Renhe Zhang
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), Shanghai 200062, China
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Zhao R, Zhao W, Dai Y, Zhou J, Xu X, Wang F, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Photochemical evolution of the molecular composition of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved brown carbon from wood smoldering. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108629. [PMID: 38582060 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Recently, extreme wildfires occur frequently around the world and emit substantial brown carbon (BrC) into the atmosphere, whereas the molecular compositions and photochemical evolution of BrC remain poorly understood. In this work, primary smoke aerosols were generated from wood smoldering, and secondary smoke aerosols were formed by the OH radical photooxidation in an oxidation flow reactor, where both primary and secondary smoke samples were collected on filters. After solvent extraction of filter samples, the molecular composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS). The molecular composition of dissolved BrC was obtained based on the constraints of DOC formulae. The proportion of dissolved BrC fractions accounted for approximately 1/3-1/2 molecular formulae of DOC. The molecular characteristics of dissolved BrC showed higher levels of carbon oxidation state, double bond equivalents, and modified aromaticity index than those of DOC, indicating that dissolved BrC fractions were a class of organic structures with relatively higher oxidation state, unsaturated and aromatic degree in DOC fractions. The comparative analysis suggested that aliphatic and olefinic structures dominated DOC fractions (contributing to 70.1%-76.9%), while olefinic, aromatic, and condensed aromatic structures dominated dissolved BrC fractions (contributing to 97.5%-99.9%). It is worth noting that dissolved BrC fractions only contained carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAMs)-like structures, unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic structures, and highly oxygenated compounds. CRAMs-like structures were the most abundant species in both DOC and dissolved BrC fractions. Nevertheless, the specific molecular characteristics for DOC and dissolved BrC fractions varied with subgroups after aging. The results highlight the similarities and differences in the molecular compositions and characteristics of DOC and dissolved BrC fractions with aging. This work will provide insights into understanding the molecular composition of DOC and dissolved BrC in smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China; School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China; Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Weixiong Zhao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China; School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China; School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Xuezhe Xu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Yongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China; School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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5
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Wang D, Shen Z, Yang X, Huang S, Luo Y, Bai G, Cao J. Insight into the Role of NH 3/NH 4+ and NO x/NO 3- in the Formation of Nitrogen-Containing Brown Carbon in Chinese Megacities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4281-4290. [PMID: 38391182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Particulate brown carbon (BrC) plays a crucial role in the global radiative balance due to its ability to absorb light. However, the effect of molecular formation on the light absorption properties of BrC remains poorly understood. In this study, atmospheric BrC samples collected from six Chinese megacities in winter and summer were characterized through ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap MS) and light absorption measurements. The average values of BrC light absorption coefficient at a wavelength of 365 nm (babs365) in winter were approximately 4.0 times higher than those in summer. Nitrogen-containing organic molecules (CHNO) were identified as critical components of light-absorbing substances in both seasons, underscoring the importance of N-addition in BrC. These nitrogen-containing BrC chromophores were more closely related to nitro-containing compounds originating from biomass burning and nitrogen oxides (NOx)/nitrate (NO3-) reactions in winter. In summer, they were related to reduced N-containing compounds formed in ammonia (NH3)/ammonium (NH4+) reactions. The NH3/NH4+-mediated reactions contributed more to secondary BrC in summer than winter, particularly in southern cities. Compared with winter, the higher O/Cw, lower molecule conjugation indicator (double bond equivalent, DBE), and reduced BrC babs365 in summer suggest a possible bleaching mechanism during the oxidation process. These findings strengthen the connection between molecular composition and the light-absorbing properties of BrC, providing insights into the formation mechanisms of BrC chromophores across northern and southern Chinese cities in different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xueting Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shasha Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Gezi Bai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China
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Tang J, Li J, Zhao S, Zhong G, Mo Y, Jiang H, Jiang B, Chen Y, Tang J, Tian C, Zong Z, Hussain Syed J, Song J, Zhang G. Molecular signatures and formation mechanisms of water-soluble chromophores in particulate matter from Karachi in Pakistan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169890. [PMID: 38190909 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy is a widely-used method for characterizing the chemical components of brown carbon (BrC). However, the molecular basics and formation mechanisms of chromophores, which are decomposed by parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis, are not yet fully understood. In this study, we characterized the water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in aerosols collected from Karachi, Pakistan, using EEM spectroscopy and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). We identified three PARAFAC components, including two humic-like components (C1 and C2) and one phenolic-like species (C3). We determined the molecular families associated with each component by performing Spearman correlation analysis between FT-ICR MS peaks and PARAFAC component intensities. We found that the C1 and C2 components were associated with nitrogen-enriched compounds, where C2 with the longest emission wavelength exhibited a higher level of aromaticity, N content, and oxygenation than C1. The C3 associated formulas have fewer nitrogen-containing species, a lower unsaturation degree, and a lower oxidation state. An oxidation pathway was identified as an important process in the formation of C1 and C2 components at the molecular level, particularly for the assigned CHON compounds associated with the gas-phase oxidation process, despite their diverse precursor types. Numerous C2 formulas were found in the "potential BrC" region and overlapped with the BrC-associated formulas. It can be inferred that the compounds that fluoresce C2 contributed considerably to the light absorption of BrC. These findings are essential for future studies utilizing the EEM-PARAFAC method to explore the sources, processes, and compositions of atmospheric BrC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guangcai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yangzhi Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongxing Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianhui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Chongguo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Zheng Zong
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jabir Hussain Syed
- Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Jianzhong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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7
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Wang L, Gao K, Li W, Lu L. Research progress on the characteristics, sources, and environmental and potential health effects of water-soluble organic compounds in atmospheric particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:11472-11489. [PMID: 38198085 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic compounds (WSOCs) have received extensive attention due to their indistinct chemical components, complex sources, negative environmental impact, and potential health effects. To the best of our knowledge, until now, there has been no comprehensive review focused on the research progress of WSOCs. This paper reviewed the studies on chemical constituent and characterization, distribution condition, sources, environmental impact, as well as the potential health effects of WSOCs in the past 13 years. Moreover, the main existing challenges and directions for the future research on WSOCs were discussed from several aspects. Because of the complex composition of WSOCs and many unknown individual components that have not been detected, there is still a need for the identification and quantification of WSOCs. As modern people spend more time in indoor environments, it is meaningful to fill the gaps in the component characteristics and sources of indoor WSOCs. In addition, although in vitro cell experiments have shown that WSOCs could induce cellular oxidative stress and trigger the inflammatory response, the corresponding mechanisms of action need to be further explored. The current population epidemiology research of WSOCs is missing. Prospectively, we propose to conduct a comprehensive and simultaneous analysis strategy for concentration screening, source apportionment, potential health effects, and action mechanisms of WSOCs based on high throughput omics coupled with machine learning simulation and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing On Regional Air Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing On Regional Air Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing On Regional Air Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing On Regional Air Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
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8
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Luo Y, Yang X, Wang D, Xu H, Zhang H, Huang S, Wang Q, Zhang N, Cao J, Shen Z. Insights the dominant contribution of biomass burning to methanol-soluble PM 2.5 bounded oxidation potential based on multilayer perceptron neural network analysis in Xi'an, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168273. [PMID: 37918731 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality due to its ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ambient PM2.5 samples were collected during heating and nonheating seasons in Xi'an, China, and the ROS-generation potential of PM2.5 was quantified using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Additionally, positive matrix factorization combined with multilayer perceptron was employed to apportion sources contributing to the oxidation potential of PM2.5. Both the mass concentration of PM2.5 and the volume-based DTT activity (DTTv) were higher during the heating season than during the nonheating season. The primary contributors to DTTv were combustion (biomass and coal) sources during the heating season (>52 %), whereas secondary formation dominated DTT activity during the nonheating season (35.7 %). In addition, the secondary reaction process promoted the generation of intrinsic oxidation potential (OP) of sources. Among all the sources investigated (traffic source, industrial emission, mineral dust, biomass burning, secondary formation and coal combustion), the inherent oxidation potential of biomass burning was the highest, whereas that of mineral dust was the lowest. Our study indicates that anthropogenic sources, especially biomass burning, should be prioritized in PM2.5 toxicity control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xueting Yang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Diwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Hongai Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 650 Xinsongjiang Rd, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shasha Huang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ningning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China.
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9
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Han B, Chen L, Xiao K, Chen R, Cao D, Yu L, Li Y, Tao S, Liu W. Characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Chinese farmland soils under different climate zone types: A molecular perspective. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 350:119695. [PMID: 38035506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and surrounding environments are highly complex. Understanding DOM at the molecular level can contribute to the management of soil pollution and safeguarding agricultural fields. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) has enabled a molecular-level understanding of DOM. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated soil samples from 27 different regions of mainland China with various soil types and climatic characteristics. Based on the geographical features of the four typical climatic zones in mainland China (temperate monsoon, temperate continental, subtropical monsoon, and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau climates), we employed high-resolution mass spectrometry to determine the molecular diversity of DOM under different climatic conditions. The results indicated that lignin and tannin-like substances were the most active categories of DOM in the soils. Collectively, the composition and unsaturation of DOM molecules are influenced by sunlight, precipitation, temperature, and human activity. All climatic regions contained a substantial number of characteristic molecules, with CHO and CHON constituting over 80%, and DOM containing nitrogen and sulfur was relatively more abundant in the monsoon regions. The complex composition of DOM incorporates various active functional groups, such as -NO2 and -ONO2. Furthermore, soil DOM in the monsoon regions showed higher unsaturation and facilitated various (bio) biochemical reactions in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- BingJun Han
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - LiYuan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - RuYa Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - YuJun Li
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - WenXin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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10
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Zhang Q, Ma H, Li J, Jiang H, Chen W, Wan C, Jiang B, Dong G, Zeng X, Chen D, Lu S, You J, Yu Z, Wang X, Zhang G. Nitroaromatic Compounds from Secondary Nitrate Formation and Biomass Burning Are Major Proinflammatory Components in Organic Aerosols in Guangzhou: A Bioassay Combining High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21570-21580. [PMID: 37989488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The limited characterization and detection capacity of unknown compounds hinder our understanding of the molecular composition of toxic compounds in PM2.5. The present study applied Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry coupled with negative and positive electrospray ionization sources (ESI-/ESI+ FT-ICR-MS) to probe the molecular characteristics and dynamic formation processes of the effective proinflammatory components in organic aerosols (OAs) of PM2.5 in Guangzhou for one year. We detected abundant proinflammatory molecules in OAs, mainly classified as CHON compounds (compounds composed of C, H, O, and N atoms) in elemental and nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) in structures. From the perspective of the formation process, we discovered that these proinflammatory molecules, especially toxic NACs, were largely driven by secondary nitrate formation and biomass burning (in emission source), as well as SO2 (in atmospheric evolution). In addition, our results indicated that the secondary processes had replaced the primary emission as the main contributing source of the toxic proinflammatory compounds in OAs. This study highlights the importance of community measures to control the production of nitroaromatic compounds derived from secondary nitrate formation and biomass burning in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongxing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaowen Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Duohong Chen
- Department of Air Quality Forecasting and Early Warning, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Secondary Pollution, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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11
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Yu X, Wong YK, Yu JZ. Abundance and sources of organic nitrogen in fine (PM 2.5) and coarse (PM 2.5-10) particulate matter in urban Hong Kong. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165880. [PMID: 37536602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic nitrogen (ON) in atmospheric particles is much less monitored compared to inorganic nitrogen (IN), despite its significant contribution to atmospheric N deposition budget. In this study, we expanded a newly developed instrumental method for IN and ON in PM2.5 samples to PM10 samples. We determined the quantities of ON and IN for paired PM2.5 and PM10 samples collected at an urban coastal site in Hong Kong, southern China over a year. These measurements also allowed the determination of IN and ON abundance in the coarse PM (i.e., PM2.5-10) by taking the difference between PM10 and PM2.5. The measurement results show that ON accounted for 27.6 % and 21.1 % of total N in fine and coarse particles, respectively, and was mainly (87.7 %) distributed in the fine mode at the site. The seasonal variation of ON/total N was relatively small in PM2.5 (23.6-30.4 %) while considerably larger in coarse PM (4.3-42.1 %). Analysis aided by concurrently measured source indicators revealed that sea spray, biological particle emissions, and dust mixed with anthropogenic pollutants are potentially significant sources of ON in coarse particles. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment further revealed that industrial emissions/coal combustion (43.6 %), soil dust emission (16.3 %), fresh sea salt emission (15.2 %), and aged sea salt (24.9 %) are major sources of PMcoarse-bound ON at the site. The contributions of industrial emissions/coal combustion and soil dust emission to ON were significantly higher in autumn and winter. Fresh sea salt emissions contributed greater proportions to ON in spring and summer, while ON associated with the aged sea salt source was higher in spring and autumn. These findings have advanced our quantitative understanding of the sources of PMcoarse-bound ON, which was scarcely determined in the past. Furthermore, the ON measurement data in fine and coarse particles helps estimate ON deposition, which has been previously under-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yee Ka Wong
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Zhen Yu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Jiang H, Cai J, Feng X, Chen Y, Wang L, Jiang B, Liao Y, Li J, Zhang G, Mu Y, Chen J. Aqueous-Phase Reactions of Anthropogenic Emissions Lead to the High Chemodiversity of Atmospheric Nitrogen-Containing Compounds during the Haze Event. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16500-16511. [PMID: 37844026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs), a type of important reactive-nitrogen species, are abundant in organic aerosols in haze events observed in Northern China. However, due to the complex nature of NOCs, the sources, formation, and influencing factors are still ambiguous. Here, the molecular composition of organic matters (OMs) in hourly PM2.5 samples collected during a haze event in Northern China was characterized using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). We found that CHON compounds (formulas containing C, H, O, and N atoms) dominated the OM fractions during the haze and showed high chemodiversity and transformability. Relying on the newly developed revised-workflow and oxidation-hydrolyzation knowledge for CHON compounds, 64% of the major aromatic CHON compounds (>80%) could be derived from the oxidization or hydrolyzation processes. Results from FT-ICR MS data analysis further showed that the aerosol liquid water (ALW)-involved aqueous-phase reactions are important for the molecular distribution of aromatic-CHON compounds besides the coal combustion, and the ALW-involved aromatic-CHON compound formation during daytime and nighttime was different. Our results improve the understanding of molecular composition, sources, and potential formation of CHON compounds, which can help to advance the understanding for the formation, evolution, and control of haze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junjie Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinxin Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuhong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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13
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Lyu Y, Wu H, Pang X, Wang J, Zhao M, Chen J, Qin K. The complexation of atmospheric Brown carbon surrogates on the generation of hydroxyl radical from transition metals in simulated lung fluid. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 180:108240. [PMID: 37797479 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) poses great adverse effects through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Various components in PM are acknowledged to induce ROS formation, while the interactions among chemicals remain to be elucidated. Here, we systematically investigate the influence of Brown carbon (BrC) surrogates (e.g., imidazoles, nitrocatechols and humic acid) on hydroxyl radical (OH) generation from transition metals (TMs) in simulated lung fluid. Present results show that BrC has an antagonism (interaction factor: 20-90 %) with Cu2+ in OH generation upon the interaction with glutathione, in which the concentrations of BrC and TMs influence the extent of antagonism. Rapid OH generation in glutathione is observed for Fe2+, while OH formation is very little for Fe3+. The compositions of antioxidants (e.g., glutathione, ascorbate, urate), resembling the upper and lower respiratory tract, respond differently to BrC and TMs (Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+) in OH generation and the degree of antagonism. The complexation equilibrium constants and site numbers between Cu2+ and humic acid were further analyzed using fluorescence quenching experiments. Possible complexation products among TMs, 4-nitrocatechol and glutathione were also identified using quadropule-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The results suggest atmospheric BrC widely participate in complexation with TMs which influence OH formation in the human lung fluid, and complexation should be considered in evaluating ROS formation mediated by ambient PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lyu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Shaoxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Shaoxing 312077, China.
| | - Haonan Wu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xiaobing Pang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Jiade Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jinyuan Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Kai Qin
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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14
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Li F, Tang S, Lv J, He A, Wang Y, Liu S, Cao H, Zhao L, Wang Y, Jiang G. Molecular-Scale Investigation on the Formation of Brown Carbon Aerosol via Iron-Phenolic Compound Reactions in the Dark. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11173-11184. [PMID: 37462533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Brown carbon (BrC) is one of the most mysterious aerosol components responsible for global warming and air pollution. Iron (Fe)-induced catalytic oxidation of ubiquitous phenolic compounds has been considered as a potential pathway for BrC formation in the dark. However, the reaction mechanism and product composition are still poorly understood. Herein, 13 phenolic precursors were employed to react with Fe under environmentally relevant conditions. Using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, a total of 764 unique molecular formulas were identified, and over 85% of them can be found in atmospheric aerosols. In particular, products derived from precursors with catechol-, guaiacol-, and syringol-like-based structures can be distinguished by their optical and molecular characteristics, indicating the structure-dependent formation of BrC from phenolic precursors. Multiple pieces of evidence indicate that under acidic conditions, the contribution of either autoxidation or oxygen-induced free radical oxidation to BrC formation is extremely limited. Ligand-to-Fe charge transfer and subsequent phenoxy radical coupling reactions were the main mechanism for the formation of polymerization products with high molecular diversity, and the efficiency of BrC generation was linearly correlated with the ionization potential of phenolic precursors. The present study uncovered how chemically diverse BrC products were formed by the Fe-phenolic compound reactions at the molecular level and also provide a new paradigm for the study of the atmospheric aerosol formation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shanshan Tang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jitao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Anen He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yarui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huiming Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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15
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Sun W, Guo Z, Peng X, Lin J, Fu Y, Yang Y, Zhang G, Jiang B, Liao Y, Chen D, Wang X, Bi X. Molecular characteristics, sources and transformation of water-insoluble organic matter in cloud water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 325:121430. [PMID: 36924913 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that water-insoluble organic matter (WIOM) accounts for a large part of the organic components in cloud water and significantly contributes to brown carbon. However, the molecular characteristics of WIOM in cloud droplets remain unclear, hampering the understanding of their climate effects. In this study, cloud water was collected at a remote mountain site in South China during the winter of 2020, and WIOM was separated by membrane filtration, extracted by methanol, and characterized using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry coupled with an electrospray ionization source. A total of 697-1637 molecules were identified in WIOM. WIOM is characterized by lower oxidation states of carbon atoms (-1.10 ∼ -0.84 in WIOM vs. -0.58 ∼ -0.51 in water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) on average), higher carbon number (14.12-20.59 vs. 9.87-10.56) and lower unsaturation (double-bond equivalent 4.55-4.95 vs. 4.84-5.23) relative to WSOM. More abundant lipid-like compounds (12.2-41.9% in WIOM vs. <2% in WSOM) but less highly oxygenated compounds (<7% vs. 28.6-35.3%) exist in WIOM. More than 30% of WIOM molecules in cloud water are common with interstitial particles, implying that WIOM in cloud water may originate from aerosol activation and/or collision. Some unique molecules in WIOM in cloud water are identified as aqueous-phase oligomerization products, indicating the aqueous-phase formation of WIOM. Further analysis of the intermolecular relationship shows that WIOM has the potential to transform into WSOM by partitioning into the dissolved phase, oxidation and functionalization by heteroatom-containing groups, representing a previously unidentified pathway for WSOM formation in cloud water. The results provide new insights into the in-cloud chemistry, which would assist in the understanding of the aqueous formation and evolution of WIOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Ziyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaocong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Juying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yuzhen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Yuhong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Duohong Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, Guangzhou, 510308, PR China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Xinhui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
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Li D, Wu C, Zhang S, Lei Y, Lv S, Du W, Liu S, Zhang F, Liu X, Liu L, Meng J, Wang Y, Gao J, Wang G. Significant coal combustion contribution to water-soluble brown carbon during winter in Xingtai, China: Optical properties and sources. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:892-900. [PMID: 36182192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To understand the characteristics of atmospheric brown carbon (BrC), daily PM2.5 samples in Xingtai, a small city in North China Plain (NCP), during the four seasons of 2018-2019, were collected and analyzed for optical properties and chemical compositions. The light absorption at 365 nm (absλ=365 nm) displayed a strong seasonal variation with the highest value in winter (29.0±14.3 M/m), which was 3.2∼5.4-fold of that in other seasons. A strong correlation of absλ=365 nm with benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF) was only observed in winter, indicating that coal combustion was the major source for BrC in the season due to the enhanced domestic heating. The mass absorbing efficiency of BrC also exhibited a similar seasonal pattern, and was found to correlate linearly with the aerosol pH, suggesting a positive effect of aerosol acidity on the optical properties and formation of BrC in the city. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis further showed that on a yearly basis the major source for BrC was biomass burning, which accounted for 34% of the total BrC, followed by secondary formation (26.7%), coal combustion (21.3%) and fugitive dust (18%). However, the contribution from coal combustion was remarkably enhanced in winter, accounting for ∼40% of the total. Our work revealed that more efforts of "shifting coal to clean energy" are necessary in rural areas and small cities in NCP in order to further mitigate PM2.5 pollution in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Li
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Can Wu
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Si Zhang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yali Lei
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shaojun Lv
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lang Liu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jingjing Meng
- School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yuesi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, Chenjia Zhen, Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China.
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17
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Schneider E, Giocastro B, Rüger CP, Adam TW, Zimmermann R. Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in High Organic Carbon Ultrafine Particle Extracts by Electrospray Ionization Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:2019-2023. [PMID: 36194839 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by electrospray ionization (ESI) without additional reagents or targeted setup changes to the ionization source was observed in ultrafine particle (UFP) extracts, with high organic carbon (OC) concentrations, generated by a combustion aerosol standard (CAST) soot generator. Particulate matter (PM) was collected on filters, extracted with methanol, and analyzed by ESI Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Next to oxygen-containing species, pure hydrocarbons were found to be one of the most abundant compound classes, detected as [M + Na]+ or [M + H]+ in ESI+ and mostly as [M - H]- in ESI-. The assigned hydrocarbon elemental compositions are identified as PAHs due to their high aromaticity index (AI > 0.67) and were additionally confirmed by MS/MS experiments as well as laser desorption ionization (LDI). Thus, despite the relatively low polarity, PAHs have to be considered in the molecular attribution of these model aerosols and/or fresh emissions with low salt content investigated by ESI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Schneider
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University Rostock, 18059Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter (LLM), University of Rostock, 18059Rostock, Germany
| | - Barbara Giocastro
- Institute of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, 85579Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Christopher P Rüger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University Rostock, 18059Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter (LLM), University of Rostock, 18059Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas W Adam
- Institute of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, 85579Neubiberg, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Munich, 85764Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC), Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University Rostock, 18059Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter (LLM), University of Rostock, 18059Rostock, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Center (JMSC) at Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA), Helmholtz Munich, 85764Neuherberg, Germany
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18
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Zhao R, Zhang Q, Xu X, Wang W, Zhao W, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Effect of photooxidation on size distribution, light absorption, and molecular compositions of smoke particles from rice straw combustion. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119950. [PMID: 35998777 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic aerosol (OA) emitted from biomass burning (BB) impacts air quality and global radiation balance. However, the comprehensive characterization of OA remains poorly understood because of the complex evolutionary behavior of OA in atmospheric processes. In this work, smoke particles were generated from rice straw combustion. The effect of OH radicals photooxidation on size distribution, light absorption, and molecular compositions of smoke particles was systematically investigated. The results showed that the median diameters of smoke particles increased by a factor of approximately 1.2 after photooxidation. In the particle compositions, although both non-polar fractions (n-hexane-soluble organic carbon, HSOC) and polar fractions (water-soluble organic carbon, WSOC) underwent photobleaching after aging, the photobleaching properties of HSOC (1.87-2.19) was always higher than that of WSOC (1.52-1.33). Besides, the light-absorbing properties of HSOC were higher than that of WSOC, showing a factor of approximately 1.75 times for mass absorption efficiency at 365 nm (MAE365). Consequently, the simple forcing efficiency (SFE) caused by absorption showed that HSOC has higher radiation effects than WSOC. After photooxidation, the concentration of 16 PAHs in HSOC fractions significantly decreased by 15.3%-72.5%. In WSOC fractions, the content of CHO, CHONS, and CHOS compounds decreased slightly, while the content of CHON compounds increased. Meantime, the variations in molecular properties supported the decrease in light absorption of WSOC fractions. These results reveal the aging behavior of smoke particles, then stress the importance of non-polar organic fractions in particles, providing new insights into understanding the atmospheric pollution caused by BB smoke particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China; School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Xuezhe Xu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Weixiong Zhao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
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19
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Deng H, Lakey PSJ, Wang Y, Li P, Xu J, Pang H, Liu J, Xu X, Li X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Shiraiwa M, Gligorovski S. Daytime SO 2 chemistry on ubiquitous urban surfaces as a source of organic sulfur compounds in ambient air. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq6830. [PMID: 36170374 PMCID: PMC9519037 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq6830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) with surface-bound compounds on atmospheric aerosols lead to the formation of organic sulfur (OS) compounds, thereby affecting the air quality and climate. Here, we show that the heterogeneous reaction of SO2 with authentic urban grime under near-ultraviolet sunlight irradiation leads to a large suite of various organic compounds including OS released in the gas phase. Calculations indicate that at the core area of Guangzhou, building surface uptake of SO2 is 15 times larger than uptake of SO2 on aerosol surfaces, yielding ~20 ng m-3 of OS that represents an important fraction of the observed OS compounds (60 to 200 ng m-3) in ambient aerosols of Chinese megacities. This chemical pathway occurring during daytime can contribute to the observed fraction of OS compounds in aerosols and improve the understanding of haze formation and urban air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pascale S. J. Lakey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92687-2025, USA
| | - Yiqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
| | - Jiangping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92687-2025, USA
| | - Sasho Gligorovski
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510 640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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20
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Jiang X, Liu D, Li Q, Tian P, Wu Y, Li S, Hu K, Ding S, Bi K, Li R, Huang M, Ding D, Chen Q, Kong S, Li W, Pang Y, He D. Connecting the Light Absorption of Atmospheric Organic Aerosols with Oxidation State and Polarity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12873-12885. [PMID: 36083258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The light-absorbing organic aerosol (OA) constitutes an important fraction of absorbing components, counteracting major cooling effect of aerosols to climate. The mechanisms in linking the complex and changeable chemistry of OA with its absorbing properties remain to be elucidated. Here, by using solvent extraction, ambient OA from an urban environment was fractionated according to polarity, which was further nebulized and online characterized with compositions and absorbing properties. Water extracted high-polar compounds with a significantly higher oxygen to carbon ratio (O/C) than methanol extracts. A transition O/C of about 0.6 was found, below and above which the enhancement and reduction of OA absorptivity were observed with increasing O/C, occurring on the less polar and high polar compounds, respectively. In particular, the co-increase of nitrogen and oxygen elements suggests the important role of nitrogen-containing functional groups in enhancing the absorptivity of the less polar compounds (e.g., forming nitrogen-containing aromatics), while further oxidation (O/C > 0.6) on high-polar compounds likely led to fragmentation and bleaching chromophores. The results here may reconcile the previous observations about darkening or whitening chromophores of brown carbon, and the parametrization of O/C has the potential to link the changing chemistry of OA with its polarity and absorbing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Jiang
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Earth Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dantong Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Earth Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Earth Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud, Precipitation and Atmospheric Water Resources, 44 Zizhuyuan Road, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yangzhou Wu
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Earth Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Earth Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kang Hu
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Earth Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuo Ding
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Earth Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kai Bi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud, Precipitation and Atmospheric Water Resources, 44 Zizhuyuan Road, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Ruijie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud, Precipitation and Atmospheric Water Resources, 44 Zizhuyuan Road, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Mengyu Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud, Precipitation and Atmospheric Water Resources, 44 Zizhuyuan Road, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Deping Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud, Precipitation and Atmospheric Water Resources, 44 Zizhuyuan Road, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Qingcai Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 6 Xuefuzhong Road, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Science, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Weijun Li
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Earth Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Earth Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ding He
- Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
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21
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Wei W, Xie Q, Yan Q, Hu W, Chen S, Su S, Zhang D, Wu L, Huang S, Zhong S, Deng J, Yang T, Li J, Pan X, Wang Z, Sun Y, Kong S, Fu P. Dwindling aromatic compounds in fine aerosols from chunk coal to honeycomb briquette combustion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155971. [PMID: 35597348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the implementation of clean coal policy in China, the chunk coal has been gradually replaced by honeycomb briquette in domestic energies. In this study, the molecular composition of fine particles (PM2.5) from chunk coal and honeycomb briquette combustion is characterized using the Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). More than 6000 molecular formulae were detected in each PM2.5 sample. A remarkable decrease in unsaturation and aromatic compounds was found from chunk coal to honeycomb briquette derived aerosols. Around 73.6% of the unique CHON compounds in chunk coal are considered to have aromatic structures, while it decreased to 7.3% in honeycomb briquette. Most of these nitroaromatics detected only in chunk coal are highly carcinogenic and mutagenic with 4-6 rings. Moreover, the aromatic compounds in sulfur-containing compounds also showed a significant decrease. Meanwhile, because of the perforated shape and the additives added during the production of honeycomb briquettes, there are more heteroatoms-containing molecules released from honeycomb briquette combustion, which are highly functional compounds with high molecular weight, high degree of oxidation, and low volatility. Our results provide molecular level evidence that the transformation from chunk coal to honeycomb briquette can effectively reduce the emission of aromatic compounds, which is beneficial to assessing and reducing the impacts to climate change as well as human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Wei
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiaorong Xie
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sihui Su
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Donghuan Zhang
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li Wu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shu Huang
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shujun Zhong
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ting Yang
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Li
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaole Pan
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Pingqing Fu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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22
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Mao J, Cheng Y, Bai Z, Zhang W, Zhang L, Chen H, Wang L, Li L, Chen J. Molecular characterization of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in the winter North China Plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156189. [PMID: 35618117 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecular characteristics of organic aerosols (OAs) in heavily polluted areas affected by coal combustion (CC) were investigated. In terms of relative abundance, the total nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOC) accounted for about 61%-68% of all molecules detected in methanol-soluble organic carbon (MSOC) by LC - Q-TOF - MS. More than 85% of the CHON- formulas are nitro-aromatic compounds, which are generally considered to be secondary organic compounds, as evidenced by the lower degree of overlap of these substances in the atmospheric samples and CC samples. Some polycyclic aromatic compounds with 4 N and 1-2O and very low H/C and O/C ratio produced by CC are unstable and easily react to form compounds with higher degrees of saturation. Almost all of the CHON+ homologues detected in the CC samples were also found in the atmospheric samples, indicating that the large amount of CHON+ compounds produced by CC are stable during atmospheric processes. The CHN+ compounds produced by CC contain a certain amount of highly unsaturated compounds, among which 1 N-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1 N-PAHs) is stable in atmosphere and can serve as markers of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Mao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhe Bai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Linyuan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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23
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Wu C, Zhu B, Liang W, Ruan T, Jiang G. Molecular characterization of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in fractionated atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS) and its relationship with optical properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:155043. [PMID: 35390379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diverse nitrogen-containing organics are important components of humic-like substances (HULIS) in the atmosphere. In this study, organic components in particulate matter (PM) samples representing multiple sources were separated by successive solvent fractionation, which were then analyzed by mass spectrometric and optical instruments. The CHON compounds were eluted and clustered into the Low-polar, Medium-polar, and High-polar fractions, and discrepancies of the polar-fractions were particularly reflected by molecular descriptors such as aromaticity, oxygen content and molecular weight. In addition, the results from the light-absorbing parameters (i.e., MAE365 and SUVA254) underscored the importance of the Low-polar and High-polar fractions on optical absorption properties. The Low-polar fraction accounted for 40% of the cumulative SUVA254 values, suggesting significant content of ultraviolet-absorbing organics. The High-polar fraction contributed 52% of the cumulative MAE365 values, indicating abundant light absorption capacity and efficiency. Significant improvements were made on statistical analysis of multidimensional data by a combination of the molecular descriptors and optical parameters. Molecular structures, including condensed aromatic, lignin-like, and aliphatic compounds observed in distinct electrospray ionization modes, were found as main contributors to the light absorption capacity and the abundances of fluorophores in individual polar-fractions. Differential contributions of molecular characteristics on types and abundances of fluorophores were further found among the samples of multiple sources. Conclusions obtained from this successive solvent fractionation experiment could promote development of the pretreatment method for exploring the potential light-absorbing organics, which also provide insights into the emission sources of organics that are related to specific light absorption and fluorescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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24
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Zhang Q, Li Z, Shen Z, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Sun J, Zeng Y, Xu H, Wang Q, Hang Ho SS, Cao J. Source profiles of molecular structure and light absorption of PM 2.5 brown carbon from residential coal combustion emission in Northwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 299:118866. [PMID: 35077839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Residential coal combustion is a prominent source of brown carbon (BrC) aerosols, but knowledge of their molecular structures and optical absorption were limited, which have notable used in ambient BrC source identification and radiative forcing calculation. In this study, the Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry combined with partial least squares regression analysis as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis were used to insight the molecular compounds and structures of BrC from anthracite and bituminous coal combustions between traditional and improved stoves. The absorption Ångström exponents (AAE) and mass absorption efficiency (MAE) values for the BrC emitted from the combinations of bituminous were both 1.2-2.5 times lower than those of anthracite, interpreting that the BrC from the anthracite emissions had greater light-absorbing capacity. In contrast, the emission factor of light absorption (EFAbs) at 365 nm for the bituminous coal combusted in the traditional stove was the highest among all the tested scenarios, which revealed that the incomplete combustion of bituminous coal could emit more BrC. It was noted that primary BrC emitted from the coal combustion with traditional stoves contains higher aromaticity groups of C-C and C=O and higher S containing organics, whereas more aliphatic groups were found in BrC using the improved stoves. N-containing (CHON and CHONS) compounds were dominated in the total molecular formula of BrC, whereas the sum of CHON and CHO groups had high double-bond equivalent (DBE) values contributed 53.5%-87.1% to the total BrC absorption. Moreover, for CHOS, the lowest of estimated molecular absorption, DBE, and DBE/C should attribute to the non-chromophoric or weak absorptive S-containing compounds. This study supplied an effective evaluation method to compare BrC emissions and their absorption for coal combustion on regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yaling Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV89512, United States
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
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Bahureksa W, Young RB, McKenna AM, Chen H, Thorn KA, Rosario-Ortiz FL, Borch T. Nitrogen Enrichment during Soil Organic Matter Burning and Molecular Evidence of Maillard Reactions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4597-4609. [PMID: 35262343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires in forested watersheds dramatically alter stored and labile soil organic matter (SOM) pools and the export of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Ecosystem recovery after wildfires depends on soil microbial communities and revegetation and therefore is limited by the availability of nutrients, such as nitrogen-containing and labile, water-soluble compounds. However, SOM byproducts produced at different wildfire intensities are poorly understood, leading to difficulties in assessing wildfire severity and predicting ecosystem recovery. In this work, water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from laboratory microcosms of soil burned at discrete temperatures was characterized by ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to study the impacts of fire temperature on SOM and DOM composition. The molecular composition derived from different burn temperatures indicated that nitrogen-containing byproducts were enriched with heating and composed of a wide range of aromatic features and oxidation states. Mass difference-based analysis also suggested that products formed during heating could be modeled using transformations along the Maillard reaction pathway. The enrichment of N-containing SOM and DOM at different soil burning intensities has important implications for ecosystem recovery and downstream water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bahureksa
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Robert B Young
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1170, United States
| | - Amy M McKenna
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1170, United States
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
| | - Huan Chen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Dr., Tallahassee, Florida 32310-4005, United States
| | - Kevin A Thorn
- U.S. Geological Survey, Earth System Processes Division, Water Mission Area, Lakewood, Colorado 80225-0001, United States
| | - Fernando L Rosario-Ortiz
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0607, United States
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
| | - Thomas Borch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1170, United States
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26
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Zhao R, Zhang Q, Xu X, Wang W, Zhao W, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Light absorption properties and molecular compositions of water-soluble and methanol-soluble organic carbon emitted from wood pyrolysis and combustion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151136. [PMID: 34695472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic carbon (OC) emitted from biomass burning (BB) plays an important role in the global radiation budget. In this work, primary OC emitted from wood pyrolysis and combustion under nitrogen (N2) and air conditions in a tube furnace was investigated. The absorption spectra, chemical functional groups, and molecular compositions of OC were analyzed using UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), respectively. The light absorption properties showed that the mass absorption efficiency at 365 nm (MAE365) of methanol-soluble OC (MSOC) is 3.1-3.8 times higher than that of water-soluble OC (WSOC). Moreover, the MAE365 values derived from the N2 pyrolysis atmosphere are higher than that from the air atmosphere for both MSOC and WSOC. These results indicated that OC extracted by methanol has higher light absorption, especially for the OC emitted from the N2 pyrolysis atmosphere. Although the FTIR spectra showed identical functional groups for the OC from the air and N2 conditions, molecular compositions from the FT-ICR MS analysis presented significant differences. The molecular weight (MW), double bonds equivalent (DBE), DBE/C, and modified aromaticity index (AImod) of extracted OC showed higher values in MSOC than those in WSOC, and higher values under the N2 atmosphere than those under the air atmosphere. In addition, MAE365 showed positive correlations with MW (r = 0.94), DBE (r = 0.88), DBE/C (r = 0.96), and AImod (r = 0.97), whereas negative correlations with H/C (r = -0.97), O/C (r = -0.90), N/C (r = -0.88), and S/C (r = -0.93). These results indicated that molecules with larger MW and a high level of unsaturation and aromaticity present higher light absorption, while molecules with high elemental ratios of H/C, O/C, N/C, and S/C are adverse to light absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Qixing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Xuezhe Xu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China.
| | - Wenjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Weixiong Zhao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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27
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Song J, Li M, Zou C, Cao T, Fan X, Jiang B, Yu Z, Jia W, Peng P. Molecular Characterization of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in Humic-like Substances Emitted from Biomass Burning and Coal Combustion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:119-130. [PMID: 34882389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
N-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in humic-like substances (HULIS) emitted from biomass burning (BB) and coal combustion (CC) were characterized by ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry in the positive electrospray ionization mode. Our results indicate that NOCs include CHON+ and CHN+ groups, which are detected as a substantial fraction in both BB- and CC-derived HULIS, and suggest that not only BB but also CC is the potential important source of NOCs in the atmosphere. The CHON+ compounds mainly consist of reduced nitrogen compounds with other oxygenated functional groups, and straw- and coal-smoke HULIS exhibit a lower degree of oxidation than pine-smoke HULIS. In addition, the NOCs with higher N atoms (N2 and/or N3) generally bear higher modified aromaticity index (AImod) values and are mainly contained in BB HULIS, especially in straw-smoke HULIS, whereas the NOCs with a lower N atom (N1) always have relatively lower AImod values and are the dominant NOCs in CC HULIS. These findings imply that the primary emission from CC may be a significant source of N1 compounds, whereas high N number (e.g., N2-3) compounds could be associated with burning of biomass materials. Further study is warranted to distinguish the NOCs from more sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Meiju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunlin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingjun Fan
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wanglu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ping'an Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou 510640, China
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28
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Tang S, Li F, Lv J, Liu L, Wu G, Wang Y, Yu W, Wang Y, Jiang G. Unexpected molecular diversity of brown carbon formed by Maillard-like reactions in aqueous aerosols. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8401-8411. [PMID: 35919720 PMCID: PMC9297531 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02857c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) exerts a key impact on the global radiative balance due to its light-absorbing properties. Maillard-like reactions between carbonyl and amino compounds have been identified as an important pathway for forming secondary BrC. Although optical properties have been widely studied, the molecular composition of secondary BrC generated in Maillard chemistry remains unclear, resulting in a knowledge gap to understand its formation and light-absorbing mechanism. In this study, a combination of optical spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was employed to comprehensively characterize the chemical and light-absorbing characteristics of secondary BrC. The results indicate that both the light-absorbing and molecular characteristics of secondary BrC were highly related to the structures of their precursors. Organic amine precursors consistently result in enhanced light-absorbing capacities of BrC compared to ammonium, but have inconsistent effects on the molecular diversity of BrC. Compared to amino precursors (i.e., glycine, ethylamine, propylamine, and ammonium), carbonyl precursors play a more important role in determining the molecular diversity of BrC. Different from black carbon, the light-absorbing products from Maillard-like reactions are mainly nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Unexpectedly, 35–64% of molecular formulae detected in real atmospheric samples were found in simulated Maillard reaction products, implying a potentially important contribution of Maillard chemistry to the atmospheric organic molecular pool. These results will improve our understanding of the formation and molecular diversity of BrC, and further help to manage emissions of secondary aerosol precursors. We found unexpected molecular diversity of brown carbon formed by Maillard-like reactions in aqueous aerosols, and carbonyl precursors play a more important role in determining the molecular diversity of brown carbon.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Tang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Feifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jitao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Guangming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yarui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanchao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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29
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Jiang H, Li J, Sun R, Tian C, Tang J, Jiang B, Liao Y, Chen CE, Zhang G. Molecular Dynamics and Light Absorption Properties of Atmospheric Dissolved Organic Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10268-10279. [PMID: 34286571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The light-absorbing organic aerosol referred to as brown carbon (BrC) affects the global radiative balance. The linkages between its molecular composition and light absorption properties and how environmental factors influence BrC composition are not well understood. In this study, atmospheric dissolved organic matter (ADOM) in 55 aerosol samples from Guangzhou was characterized using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and light absorption measurements. The abundant components in ADOM were aliphatics and peptide-likes (in structure), or nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds (in elemental composition). The light absorption properties of ADOM were positively correlated with the levels of unsaturated and aromatic structures. Particularly, 17 nitrogen-containing species, which are identified by a random forest, characterized the variation of BrC absorption well. Aggregated boosted tree model and nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis show that the BrC composition was largely driven by meteorological conditions and anthropogenic activities, among which biomass burning (BB) and OH radical were the two important factors. BrC compounds often accumulate with elevated BB emissions and related secondary processes, whereas the photolysis/photooxidation of BrC usually occurs under high solar radiance/•OH concentration. This study first illuminated how environmental factors influence BrC at the molecular level and provided clues for the molecular-level research of BrC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chongguo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuhong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chang-Er Chen
- Environmental Research Institute/School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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30
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Zhang T, Shen Z, Zeng Y, Cheng C, Wang D, Zhang Q, Lei Y, Zhang Y, Sun J, Xu H, Ho SSH, Cao J. Light absorption properties and molecular profiles of HULIS in PM 2.5 emitted from biomass burning in traditional "Heated Kang" in Northwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 776:146014. [PMID: 33652308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Humic-like substances (HULIS) in PM2.5 emitted from biomass burning (BB), including maize cob, wheat straw, maize straw, wood branch, and wood, in a traditional "Heated Kang" were investigated. The relative abundances, optical properties, chemical functional groups, and molecular components in HULIS were characterized using total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR/MS), respectively. The emission factors (EF) of HULIS-C (in term of carbon weight, EFHULIS-C) from BB were in the range of 0.83 to 5.17 g/kg fuel, with a mean value of 1.93 ± 1.31 g/kg fuel. The HULIS-C accounted for 15.0-37.8% and 9.1-12.6% of fractions in organic carbon (OC) and PM2.5, respectively, suggesting that BB is an important emission source of atmospheric HULIS. The FT-IR spectra showed BB HULIS mainly contain O-containing, aliphatic CH, and aromatic CC functional groups. The presences of carboxyl group and OH band demonstrated the uniqueness of maize straw and wood burning. Moreover, the higher ratio of CH3 and -CH2 groups could be used to distinguish the wood branches from the maize cob. CHO and CHON were much dominant in BB HULIS, which accounted for 44.6-47.6% and 50.1-54.2%, respectively, to the total molecular mass. The positive correlation between MAE365 and AAE in term of number concentration of CHNO implied that the CHNO species could greatly influence on the light absorption properties of the BB HULIS. The CHO and S-containing compounds (i.e., CHNOS and CHOS, that is CHNOS+CHOS) showed weak light absorbances of the BB HULIS. The BB HULIS from maize straw had relatively high molecular weight in comparison to that in other BB emissions. The highest and lowest aromaticity were seen on the wood burning and maize cob, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; State Key laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; State Key laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Yaling Zeng
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Conglan Cheng
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China.
| | - Diwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yali Lei
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada 89512, United States
| | - Junji Cao
- State Key laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China
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31
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Huo Y, Guo Z, Li Q, Wu D, Ding X, Liu A, Huang D, Qiu G, Wu M, Zhao Z, Sun H, Song W, Li X, Chen Y, Wu T, Chen J. Chemical Fingerprinting of HULIS in Particulate Matters Emitted from Residential Coal and Biomass Combustion. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3593-3603. [PMID: 33656861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Identification of humic-like substances (HULIS) structures and components is still a major challenge owing to their chemical complexity. This study first employed a complementary method with the combination of two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry to address low-polarity and polar components of HULIS in PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm), respectively. The combination method showed a significant correlation in identifying overlapping species and performed well in uncovering the chemical complexity of HULIS. A total of 1246 compound species in HULIS (65.6-81.0% for each sample), approximately 1 order of magnitude more compounds than that reported in previous studies, were addressed in PM2.5 collected in real-world household biomass and coal combustion. Aromatics were the most abundant compounds (37.4-64.1% in biomass and 34.5-70.0% in coal samples) of the total mass in all HULIS samples according to carbon skeleton determination, while the major components included phenols (2.6-21.1%), ketones (6.0-17.1%), aldehydes (1.1-6.8%), esters (2.9-20.0%), amines/amides (3.2-8.5%), alcohols (3.8-17.0%), and acids (4.7-15.1%). Among the identified HULIS species, 11-36% mass in biomass and 11-41% in coal were chromophores, while another 22-35 and 23-29% mass were chromophore precursors, respectively. The combination method shows promise for uncovering HULIS fingerprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqiang Huo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zihua Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Di Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Anlin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dou Huang
- Hexin Instrument (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Building A3, No. 11, Kaiyuan Avenue, Science City, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Gaokun Qiu
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Manman Wu
- Hexin Instrument (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd., Building A3, No. 11, Kaiyuan Avenue, Science City, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Zhijun Zhao
- J&X Technologies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Room 1034, 1599 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Weihua Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), No. 3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
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Zhang Y, Shi Z, Wang Y, Liu L, Zhang J, Li J, Xia Y, Ding X, Liu D, Kong S, Niu H, Fu P, Zhang X, Li W. Fine particles from village air in northern China in winter: Large contribution of primary organic aerosols from residential solid fuel burning. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116420. [PMID: 33433345 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rural residential emissions contribute significantly to regional air pollution in China, but our understanding on how residential solid fuel burning influences the village outdoor air quality is limited. In this study, we compared the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) composition and individual particle characteristics from 11 to 18 January 2017 at a village and an urban site in northern China. At the village site, each day was divided into four periods: cooking (07:30-10:00; 16:00-17:00), daytime (10:00-16:00), heating (17:00-24:00), and midnight (00:00-07:30) periods. The highest PM2.5 concentration occurred during the cooking period (236 ± 88 μg m-3), which was characterized by high concentrations of K+ and abundant primary OM-K particles (i.e., organic matter mixed with K-salts) emitted from residential biomass burning. The second highest PM2.5 concentration was found during the heating period (161 ± 97 μg m-3), and the PM2.5 contained abundant spherical primary OM particles (i.e., tarballs) emitted from residential coal burning. The primary emissions from residential solid fuel burning resulted in 75% of the village OM by mass consisting of primary OM and 67% of the village aerosol particles by number internally mixing with primary OM particles. The village PM2.5 composition was different from that of the urban PM2.5, with the former containing more OM (47% vs 32%) and less secondary inorganic ions (30% vs 46%). Individual primary OM-K and tarballs were abundant in the village air. These results suggest a large contribution of village residential emissions in the winter to village air pollution. Our study highlights that the residential health in villages of northern China should be paid more attention because of high PM2.5 concentrations and abundant toxic particles during the cooking and heating periods per day in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxiao Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zongbo Shi
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jiefeng Li
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaokun Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Dantong Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shaofei Kong
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongya Niu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Exploration Research of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weijun Li
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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