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Gonçalves M, Vale N, Silva P. Neuroprotective Effects of Olive Oil: A Comprehensive Review of Antioxidant Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:762. [PMID: 39061831 PMCID: PMC11274152 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a significant challenge to global healthcare, and oxidative stress plays a crucial role in their development. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the neuroprotective potential of olive oil, with a primary focus on its antioxidant properties. The chemical composition of olive oil, including key antioxidants, such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and oleocanthal, is systematically examined. The mechanisms by which these compounds provide neuroprotection, including counteracting oxidative damage and modulating neuroprotective pathways, are explored. The neuroprotective efficacy of olive oil is evaluated by synthesizing findings from various sources, including in vitro studies, animal models, and clinical trials. The integration of olive oil into dietary patterns, particularly its role in the Mediterranean diet, and its broader implications in neurodegenerative disease prevention are also discussed. The challenges in translating preclinical findings to clinical applications are acknowledged and future research directions are proposed to better understand the potential of olive oil in mitigating the risk of neurodegenerative conditions. This review highlights olive oil not only as a dietary component, but also as a promising candidate in preventive neurology, advocating for further investigation in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Nuno Vale
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Silva
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- iNOVA Media Lab, ICNOVA-NOVA Institute of Communication, NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1069-061 Lisbon, Portugal
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Naranjo Á, Álvarez-Soria MJ, Aranda-Villalobos P, Martínez-Rodríguez AM, Martínez-Lara E, Siles E. Hydroxytyrosol, a Promising Supplement in the Management of Human Stroke: An Exploratory Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4799. [PMID: 38732018 PMCID: PMC11084205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a bioactive olive oil phenol with beneficial effects in a number of pathological situations. We have previously demonstrated that an HT-enriched diet could serve as a beneficial therapeutic approach to attenuate ischemic-stroke-associated damage in mice. Our exploratory pilot study examined this effect in humans. Particularly, a nutritional supplement containing 15 mg of HT/day was administered to patients 24 h after the onset of stroke, for 45 days. Biochemical and oxidative-stress-related parameters, blood pressure levels, serum proteome, and neurological and functional outcomes were evaluated at 45 and 90 days and compared to a control group. The main findings were that the daily administration of HT after stroke could: (i) favor the decrease in the percentage of glycated hemoglobin and diastolic blood pressure, (ii) control the increase in nitric oxide and exert a plausible protective effect in oxidative stress, (iii) modulate the evolution of the serum proteome and, particularly, the expression of apolipoproteins, and (iv) be beneficial for certain neurological and functional outcomes. Although a larger trial is necessary, this study suggests that HT could be a beneficial nutritional complement in the management of human stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | | | | | | | | | - Eva Siles
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
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Manie MF, Fawzy HM, El-Sayed ESM. Hydroxytyrosol Alleviates Methotrexate-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats: Involvement of TGF-β1, Tissue Factor, and VEGF. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:303-310. [PMID: 38281774 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an indispensable drug used for the treatment of many autoimmune and cancerous diseases. However, its clinical use is associated with serious side effects, such as lung fibrosis. The main objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that hydroxytyrosol (HT) can mitigate MTX-induced lung fibrosis in rats while synergizing MTX anticancer effects. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in the rats using MTX (14 mg/kg/week, per os (p.o.)). The rats were treated with or without HT (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/d p.o.) or dexamethasone (DEX; 0.5 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) for two weeks concomitantly with MTX. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), thromboxane A2 (TXA2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG), tissue factor (TF) and fibrin were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, and RT-PCR. Pulmonary fibrosis was manifested by an excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and a marked increase in TGF-β1 and IL-4 in lung tissues. Furthermore, cotreatment with HT or dexamethasone (DEX) significantly attenuated MTX-induced ECM deposition, TGF-β1, and IL-4 expression. Similarly, HT or DEX notably reduced hydroxyproline contents, TXA2, fibrin, and TF expression in lung tissues. Moreover, using HT or DEX downregulated the gene expression of TF. A significant decrease in lung contents of VEGF, IL-8, and 8-OHdG was also observed in HT + MTX- or DEX + MTX -treated animals in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, the results of our study suggest that HT might represent a potential protective agent against MTX-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Manie
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly known as National Organization for Drug Control and Research
| | - Hala M Fawzy
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), formerly known as National Organization for Drug Control and Research
| | - El-Sayed M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University
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Wang X, Wang Q, Hu Y, Yin F, Liu X, Zhou D. Hydrolysis and transport characteristics of tyrosol-SCFA esters in rat intestine and blood: Two-step release of tyrosol and SCFAs to enhance the beneficial effects. Food Chem 2023; 414:135710. [PMID: 36821923 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The models of rat everted gut sac and hydrolysis by rat plasma were used to clarify the hydrolysis and transport characteristics of tyrosol-SCFA esters (TYr-SEs). HPLC-UV results indicated that TYr-SEs could be hydrolyzed by intestinal lipase, which showed sustained release of SCFAs and TYr. Meanwhile, TYr-SEs and the liberated SCFAs and TYr could cross the membrane and were transported into blood circulation. TYr-SEs were further hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase in plasma. Obviously, the hydrolysis of TYr-SEs in blood also showed sustained release of SCFAs and TYr. Especially, the rates of hydrolysis and transport correlated positively with the acyl chain lengths. Besides, the above rates of the TYr-SE with a straight chain were greater than those of its isomer with a branched chain. Therefore, the above-mentioned two-step release of SCFAs and TYr clearly demonstrated that TYr-SEs would be an effective approach to enhance the beneficial health effects of SCFAs and TYr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Fawen Yin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Dayong Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
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Vijakumaran U, Goh NY, Razali RA, Abdullah NAH, Yazid MD, Sulaiman N. Role of Olive Bioactive Compounds in Respiratory Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1140. [PMID: 37371870 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases recently became the leading cause of death worldwide, due to the emergence of COVID-19. The pathogenesis of respiratory diseases is centred around inflammation and oxidative stress. Plant-based alongside synthetic drugs were considered as therapeutics due to their proven nutraceutical value. One such example is the olive, which is a traditional symbol of the MedDiet. Olive bioactive compounds are enriched with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antiviral properties. However, there are few studies relating to the beneficial effect of olive bioactive compounds on respiratory diseases. A vague understanding of its molecular action, dosage and bioavailability limits its usefulness for clinical trials about respiratory infections. Hence, our review aims to explore olive bioactive compound's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties in respiratory disease defence and treatment. Molecular insight into olive compounds' potential for respiratory system protection against inflammation and ensuing infection is also presented. Olive bioactive compounds mainly protect the respiratory system by subsiding proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubashini Vijakumaran
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Neng-Yao Goh
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Rabiatul Adawiyah Razali
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nur Atiqah Haizum Abdullah
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Sulaiman
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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De La Cruz Cortés JP, Pérez de Algaba I, Martín-Aurioles E, Arrebola MM, Ortega-Hombrados L, Rodríguez-Pérez MD, Fernández-Prior MÁ, Bermúdez-Oria A, Verdugo C, González-Correa JA. Extra Virgin Oil Polyphenols Improve the Protective Effects of Hydroxytyrosol in an In Vitro Model of Hypoxia-Reoxygenation of Rat Brain. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091133. [PMID: 34573155 PMCID: PMC8471209 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is the component primarily responsible for the neuroprotective effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). However, it is less effective on its own than the demonstrated neuroprotective effect of EVOO, and for this reason, it can be postulated that there is an interaction between several of the polyphenols of EVOO. The objective of the study was to assess the possible interaction of four EVOO polyphenols (HT, tyrosol, dihydroxyphenylglycol, and oleocanthal) in an experimental model of hypoxia-reoxygenation in rat brain slices. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) efflux, lipid peroxidation, and peroxynitrite production were determined as measures of cell death, oxidative stress, and nitrosative stress, respectively. First, the polyphenols were incubated with the brain slices in the same proportions that exist in EVOO, comparing their effects with those of HT. In all cases, the cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of the combination were greater than those of HT alone. Second, we calculated the concentration-effect curves for HT in the absence or presence of each polyphenol. Tyrosol did not significantly modify any of the variables inhibited by HT. Dihydroxyphenylglycol only increased the cytoprotective effect of HT at 10 µM, while it increased its antioxidant effect at 50 and 100 µM and its inhibitory effect on peroxynitrite formation at all the concentrations tested. Oleocanthal increased the cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of HT but did not modify its inhibitory effect on nitrosative stress. The results of this study show that the EVOO polyphenols DHPG and OLC increase the cytoprotective effect of HT in an experimental model of hypoxia-reoxygenation in rat brain slices, mainly due to a possibly synergistic effect on HT's antioxidant action. These results could explain the greater neuroprotective effect of EVOO than of the polyphenols alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro De La Cruz Cortés
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.O.-H.); (M.D.R.-P.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-952-131-567
| | | | | | | | - Laura Ortega-Hombrados
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.O.-H.); (M.D.R.-P.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - María Dolores Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.O.-H.); (M.D.R.-P.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - María África Fernández-Prior
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.F.-P.); (A.B.-O.)
| | - Alejandra Bermúdez-Oria
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.Á.F.-P.); (A.B.-O.)
| | - Cristina Verdugo
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.O.-H.); (M.D.R.-P.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | - José Antonio González-Correa
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (L.O.-H.); (M.D.R.-P.); (C.V.); (J.A.G.-C.)
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Saleh SR, Masry AM, Ghareeb DA, Newairy ASA, Sheta E, Maher AM. Trichoderma reesei fungal degradation boosted the potentiality of date pit extract in fighting scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity in male rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14872. [PMID: 34290261 PMCID: PMC8295356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Date pits are nutritious by-products, containing high levels of indigestible carbohydrates and polyphenols. To maximize the biological effects of the active ingredients, the hard shell of the polysaccharide must be degraded. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the protective potentials of date pits extract (DP) and fungal degraded date pits extract (FDDP) against scopolamine (SCO)-induced neurodegeneration in male rats. Date pits were subjected to fungal degradation and extraction, followed by the measurement of phytochemicals and free radical scavenging activities. Forty-two adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into seven groups: three control groups administered with either saline, DP or FDDP; four groups with neurodegeneration receiving SCO (ip 2 mg/kg/day, SCO group) with no treatment, SCO with DP (oral 100 mg/kg/day, DP + SCO group), SCO with FDDP (oral, 100 mg/kg/day, FDDP + SCO group), and SCO with donepezil (DON, oral, 2.25 mg/kg/day, DON + SCO group). The treatment duration was 28 days, and in the last 14 days, SCO was administered daily. Morris water maze test, acetylcholine esterase activity, oxidative stress, markers of inflammation and amyloidogenesis, and brain histopathology were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar R Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
- Bioscreening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa M Masry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
- Bioscreening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Al-Sayeda A Newairy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Eman Sheta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Adham M Maher
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
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Antioxidant Effect of Hydroxytyrosol, Hydroxytyrosol Acetate and Nitrohydroxytyrosol in a Rat MPP + Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2923-2935. [PMID: 34260002 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl ethanol, known as hydroxytyrosol (HTy), is a phenylpropanoid found in diverse vegetable species. Several studies have demonstrated that HTy is a potent antioxidant. Thus, our study is aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of HTy and its derivatives, hydroxytyrosol acetate (HTyA) and nitrohydroxytyrosol (HTyN), in a model of oxidative stress induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in rats. Rats were administered intravenously (i.v.) in the tail with 1 mL saline solution or polyphenol compound (1.5 mg/kg) 5 min before intrastriatal infusion of 10 µg MPP+/8 µL. We found that rats injured with MPP+, pretreatment with HTy, HTyA or HTyN significantly decreased ipsilateral turns. This result was consistent with a significant preservation of striatal dopamine levels and decreased lipid fluorescence products (LFP), a marker of oxidative stress. Brain GSH/GSSG ratio, from rats pretreated with HTy or HTyN showed a significant preservation of that marker, decreased as a consequence of MPP+-induced oxidative damage. These results show an antioxidant effect of HTy, HTyA and HTyN in the MPP+ model of Parkinson's disease in the rat.
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Li N, Chen K, Bai J, Geng Z, Tang Y, Hou Y, Fan F, Ai X, Hu Y, Meng X, Wang X, Zhang Y. Tibetan medicine Duoxuekang ameliorates hypobaric hypoxia-induced brain injury in mice by restoration of cerebrovascular function. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113629. [PMID: 33246120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Duoxuekang (DXK, ཁྲག་འཕེལ་བདེ་བྱེད།) is a clinical experience prescription of CuoRu-Cailang, a famous Tibetan medicine master, which has effective advantages in the treatment of hypobaric hypoxia (HH)-induced brain injury. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to investigate the effects of DXK on cerebrovascular function of HH-induced brain injury in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS DSC-MR imaging was used to evaluate the effect of DXK on the brain blood perfusion of patients with hypoxic brain injury. HPLC analysis was used to detect the content of salidroside, gallic acid, tyrosol, corilagin, ellagic acid, isorhamnetin, quercetin and gingerol in DXK. The model of HH-induced brain injury in mice was established by an animal hypobaric and hypoxic chamber. The BABL/c mice were randomly divided into six groups: control group, model group, Hongjingtian oral liquid group (HOL, 3.3 ml/kg) and DXK groups (0.9, 1.8 and 3.6 g/kg). All mice (except the control group) were intragastrically administrated for a continuous 7 days and put into the animal hypobaric and hypoxic chamber after the last intragastric administration. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to evaluate the pathological changes of brain tissue. Masson and Weigert stainings were used to detect the content of collagen fibers and elastic fibers of brain, respectively. Routine blood test and biochemical kits were used to analyze hematological parameters and oxidative stress indices. Immunofluorescence staining was applied to detect the protein levels of VEGF, CD31/vWF and α-SMA. RESULTS The results of DSC-MR imaging confirmed that DXK can increased CBV in the left temporal lobe while decreased MTT in the right frontal lobe, right temporal lobe and right occipital lobe of the brain. DXK contains salidroside, gallic acid, tyrosol, corilagin, ellagic acid, isorhamnetin, quercetin and gingerol. Compared with the model group, DXK can ameliorate the atrophy and deformation, and increase the number of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA3 area and cortical neurocytes. Masson and Weigert stainings results revealed that DXK can significantly increase the content of collagen fibers and elastic fibers in brain. Routine blood test results demonstrated that DXK can dramatically decrease the levels of WBC, MCH and MCHC, while increase RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV and PLT in the blood samples. Biochemical results revealed that DXK can markedly increase SOD, CAT and GSH activities, while decrease MDA activity. Immunofluorescence revealed that DXK can notably increase the protein levels of VEGF, CD31/vWF and α-SMA. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study proved that DXK can ameliorate HH-induced brain injury by improving brain blood perfusion, increasing the number of collagen and elastic fibers and inhibiting oxidative stress injury. The underlying mechanisms may be involved in maintaining the integrity of cerebrovascular endothelial cells and vascular function. However, further in vivo and in vitro investigations are still needed to elucidate the mechanisms of DXK on regulating cerebral blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jinrong Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zangjia Geng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ya Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yao Hu
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Exercise and Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine), Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Plotnikov MB, Plotnikova TM. Tyrosol as a Neuroprotector: Strong Effects of a "Weak" Antioxidant. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:434-448. [PMID: 32379590 PMCID: PMC8206466 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200507082311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of neuroprotective agents for stroke is pathogenetically justified, but the translation of the results of preclinical studies of neuroprotectors into clinical practice has been a noticeable failure. One of the leading reasons for these failures is the one-target mechanism of their activity. p-Tyrosol (Tyr), a biophenol, is present in a variety of natural sources, mainly in foods, such as olive oil and wine. Tyr has a wide spectrum of biological activity: antioxidant, stress-protective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective and many others. This review analyzes data on the neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and other kinds of Tyr activity as well as data on the pharmacokinetics of the substance. The data presented in the review substantiate the acceptability of tyr as the basis for the development of a new neuroprotective drug with multitarget activity for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Tyr is a promising molecule for the development of an effective neuroprotective agent for use in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Plotnikov
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lenin Av., Tomsk 634028, Russian Federation
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Hollá V, Hill R, Antošová M, Polakovič M. Design of immobilized biocatalyst and optimal conditions for tyrosol β-galactoside production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:93-101. [PMID: 32816074 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosol β-galactoside (TG) is a phenylethanoid glycoside with proven neuroprotective properties. This work deals with its biocatalytic production from tyrosol and lactose using Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase in immobilized form. Six commercial carriers were examined to find the optimal biocatalyst. Besides standard biocatalyst performance characteristics, adsorption of the hydrophobic substrate on immobilization carrier matrices was also investigated. The adsorption of tyrosol was significant, but it did not have adverse effects on TG production. On the contrary, TG yield was improved for some biocatalysts. A biocatalyst prepared by covalent binding of β-galactosidase on an epoxy-activated carrier was used for detailed investigation of the effect of reaction conditions on glycoside production. Temperature had a surprisingly weak effect on the overall process rate. A lactose concentration of 0.83 M was found to be optimal to enhance TG formation. The impact of tyrosol concentration was rather complex. This substrate caused inhibition of all reactions. Its concentration had a strong effect on the hydrolysis of lactose and all products. Higher tyrosol concentrations, 30-40 g/L, were favorable as pseudo-equilibrium concentrations of TG and galactooligosaccharide were reached. Repeated batch results revealed excellent operational stability of the biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Hollá
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rhiannon Hill
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Antošová
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Polakovič
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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13
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D’Andrea G, Ceccarelli M, Bernini R, Clemente M, Santi L, Caruso C, Micheli L, Tirone F. Hydroxytyrosol stimulates neurogenesis in aged dentate gyrus by enhancing stem and progenitor cell proliferation and neuron survival. FASEB J 2020; 34:4512-4526. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902643r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio D’Andrea
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology National Research Council (IBBC‐CNR) Monterotondo, Rome Italy
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy
| | - Manuela Ceccarelli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology National Research Council (IBBC‐CNR) Monterotondo, Rome Italy
| | - Roberta Bernini
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE) University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy
| | - Mariangela Clemente
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE) University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy
| | - Luca Santi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE) University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy
| | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences University of Tuscia Viterbo Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology National Research Council (IBBC‐CNR) Monterotondo, Rome Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology National Research Council (IBBC‐CNR) Monterotondo, Rome Italy
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14
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Calahorra J, Shenk J, Wielenga VH, Verweij V, Geenen B, Dederen PJ, Peinado MÁ, Siles E, Wiesmann M, Kiliaan AJ. Hydroxytyrosol, the Major Phenolic Compound of Olive Oil, as an Acute Therapeutic Strategy after Ischemic Stroke. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2430. [PMID: 31614692 PMCID: PMC6836045 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of adult disability worldwide. After ischemic stroke, damaged tissue surrounding the irreversibly damaged core of the infarct, the penumbra, is still salvageable and is therefore a target for acute therapeutic strategies. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been shown to lower stroke risk. MD is characterized by increased intake of extra-virgin olive oil, of which hydroxytyrosol (HT) is the foremost phenolic component. This study investigates the effect of an HT-enriched diet directly after stroke on regaining motor and cognitive functioning, MRI parameters, neuroinflammation, and neurogenesis. Stroke mice on an HT diet showed increased strength in the forepaws, as well as improved short-term recognition memory probably due to improvement in functional connectivity (FC). Moreover, mice on an HT diet showed increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) and also heightened expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), indicating a novel neurogenic potential of HT. This result was additionally accompanied by an enhanced transcription of the postsynaptic marker postsynaptic density protein 95 (Psd-95) and by a decreased ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1) level indicative of lower neuroinflammation. These results suggest that an HT-enriched diet could serve as a beneficial therapeutic approach to attenuate ischemic stroke-associated damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Calahorra
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Justin Shenk
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Department of Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Vera H Wielenga
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Department of Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Vivienne Verweij
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Department of Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bram Geenen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Department of Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Pieter J Dederen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Department of Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - M Ángeles Peinado
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Eva Siles
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Maximilian Wiesmann
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Department of Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Center, Department of Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Lambert de Malezieu M, Courtel P, Sleno L, Abasq ML, Ramassamy C. Synergistic properties of bioavailable phenolic compounds from olive oil: electron transfer and neuroprotective properties. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:660-673. [PMID: 31595838 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1666480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds from olive oil (ArOH-EVOO) are recognized for their antioxidant and neuroprotective capacities, but are often studied individually or through a natural extract. As their reactivity towards reactive oxygen species (ROS) depends on their structure and could implicate different complementary mechanisms, we hypothesized that their effects could be enhanced by an innovative combination of some of the most abundant ArOH-EVOO. Using electrochemical methods, we have compared their reactivity towards hydrogen peroxide and the superoxide anion radical. The mixture containing oleuropein, p-coumaric acid and tyrosol (Mix1), was more efficient than the mixture containing hydroxytyrosol, the oleuropein catechol moiety, and the two monophenols (Mix2). On neuronal SK-N-SH cells challenged with H2O2 or Paraquat, low concentrations (0.1 and 1 µM) of the Mix1 improved neuronal survival. These neuroprotective effects were supported by a decrease in intracellular ROS, in the protein carbonyl levels and the prevention of the redox-sensitive factors Nrf2 and NF-κB activation. These intracellular effects were supported by the demonstration of the internalization of these ArOH-EVOO into neuronal cells, evidenced by LC-HRMS. Our results demonstrated that this combination of ArOH-EVOO could be more efficient than individual ArOH usually studied for their neuroprotective properties. These data suggest that the Mix1 could delay neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases related to oxidative stress such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Lambert de Malezieu
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes] - UMR 6226, Rennes, France.,INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Canada.,INAF, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patricia Courtel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes] - UMR 6226, Rennes, France
| | - Lekha Sleno
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Chemistry Department, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Laurence Abasq
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR [Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes] - UMR 6226, Rennes, France
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16
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Taniguchi K, Yamamoto F, Arai T, Yang J, Sakai Y, Itoh M, Mamada N, Sekiguchi M, Yamada D, Saitoh A, Kametani F, Tamaoka A, Araki YM, Wada K, Mizusawa H, Araki W. Tyrosol Reduces Amyloid-β Oligomer Neurotoxicity and Alleviates Synaptic, Oxidative, and Cognitive Disturbances in Alzheimer’s Disease Model Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 70:937-952. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Taniguchi
- Department of Demyelinating Disease and Aging, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Yamamoto
- Department of Demyelinating Disease and Aging, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuya Arai
- Department of Demyelinating Disease and Aging, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jinwei Yang
- Tokiwa Phytochemical Co., Ltd, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Tokiwa Phytochemical Co., Ltd, Sakura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Mamada
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sekiguchi
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Saitoh
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Kametani
- Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yumiko M. Araki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Wada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- National Center Hospital, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Araki
- Department of Demyelinating Disease and Aging, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Wani TA, Masoodi F, Gani A, Baba WN, Rahmanian N, Akhter R, Wani IA, Ahmad M. Olive oil and its principal bioactive compound: Hydroxytyrosol – A review of the recent literature. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Protective Effect of Hydroxytyrosol Against Oxidative Stress Mediated by Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:27-39. [PMID: 29497947 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports beneficial effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT) against arsenic (As)-induced oxidative stress in the rat brain. Rats were orally administered with sodium arsenite dissolved in distilled water (25 ppm, by oral gavage) for 8 weeks or HT (10 mg/kg b. wt.) in combination with As. Results showed increase in protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, while catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as GSH content were decreased after As exposure in rat brain. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed significant alteration in peak area values that also validated the oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. In addition, As exposure caused increase in protein expression of caspase-3 and Bax, while Bcl-2 expression was downregulated resulting in translocation of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol. Treatment of HT with As reversed protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and increased GSH content as well as catalase and SOD activities. Administration of HT also prevented translocation of cytochrome c from mitochondria and increased mitochondria/cytosol ratio of cytochrome c. Hence, treatment of HT with As improved antioxidant system and efficiently lowered the generation of oxidative stress in rat brain.
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19
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González-Correa JA, Rodríguez-Pérez MD, Márquez-Estrada L, López-Villodres JA, Reyes JJ, Rodriguez-Gutierrez G, Fernández-Bolaños J, De La Cruz JP. Neuroprotective Effect of Hydroxytyrosol in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy: Relationship with Cardiovascular Biomarkers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:637-644. [PMID: 29278909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to test the neuroprotective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on experimental diabetic retinopathy. Animals were divided in four groups: (1) control nondiabetic rats, (2) streptozotocin-diabetic rats (DR), (3) DR treated with 1 mg/kg/day p.o. HT, and (4) DR treated with 5 mg/kg/day p.o. HT. Treatment with HT was started 7 days before inducing diabetes and was maintained for 2 months. In the DR group, total area occupied by extracellular matrix was increased, area occupied by retinal cells was decreased; both returned to near-control values in DR rats treated with HT. The number of retinal ganglion cells in DR was significantly lower (44%) than in the control group, and this decrease was smaller after HT treatment (34% and 9.1%). Linear regression analysis showed that prostacyclin, platelet aggregation, peroxynitrites, and the dose of 5 mg/kg/day HT significantly influenced retinal ganglion cell count. In conclusion, HT exerted a neuroprotective effect on diabetic retinopathy, and this effect correlated significantly with changes in some cardiovascular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio González-Correa
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - María Dolores Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Lucía Márquez-Estrada
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio López-Villodres
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Julio Reyes
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Rodriguez-Gutierrez
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto de la Grasa , Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Bolaños
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto de la Grasa , Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Pedro De La Cruz
- Departmento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , 29016 Málaga, Spain
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20
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Nieto-Domínguez M, de Eugenio LI, Peñalver P, Belmonte-Reche E, Morales JC, Poveda A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Prieto A, Plou FJ, Martínez MJ. Enzymatic Synthesis of a Novel Neuroprotective Hydroxytyrosyl Glycoside. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10526-10533. [PMID: 29119794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The eco-friendly synthesis of non-natural glycosides from different phenolic antioxidants was carried out using a fungal β-xylosidase to evaluate changes in their bioactivities. Xylosides from hydroquinone and catechol were successfully formed, although the best results were obtained for hydroxytyrosol, the main antioxidant from olive oil. The formation of the new products was followed by thin-layer chromatography, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. The hydroxytyrosyl xyloside was analyzed in more detail, to maximize its production and evaluate the effect of glycosylation on some hydroxytyrosol properties. The synthesis was optimized up to the highest production reported for a hydroxytyrosyl glycoside. The structure of this compound was solved by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and identified as 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-ethyl-O-β-d-xylopyranoside. Evaluation of its biological effect showed an enhancement of both its neuroprotective capacity and its ability to ameliorate intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieto-Domínguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura I de Eugenio
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Peñalver
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Efres Belmonte-Reche
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Morales
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Poveda
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences , Parque Científico Tecnológico de Bizkaia Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Biscay, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences , Parque Científico Tecnológico de Bizkaia Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Biscay, Spain
| | - Alicia Prieto
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Plou
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Wu H, Jiang K, Zhang T, Zhao G, Deng G. Hydroxytyrosol exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing Toll-like receptor 2 and TLR 2 downstream pathways in Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis in mice. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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22
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Reyes JJ, Villanueva B, López-Villodres JA, De La Cruz JP, Romero L, Rodríguez-Pérez MD, Rodriguez-Gutierrez G, Fernández-Bolaños J, González-Correa JA. Neuroprotective Effect of Hydroxytyrosol in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4378-4383. [PMID: 27700078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the possible neuroprotective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT) in diabetic animals in a model of hypoxia-reoxygenation. Rats (10 animals/group) were distributed in five groups: nondiabetic rats, control diabetic rats (DR), and DR rats treated for 2 months with 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg/day po HT. At the end of follow-up, an experimental model of hypoxia-reoxygenation in brain slices was tested. The DR group showed increased cell death, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and an increase in brain inflammatory mediators. These alterations were significantly greater in DR than in normoglycemic animals. HT significantly reduced oxidative (38.5-52.4% lipid peroxidation) and nitrosative stress (48.0-51.0% nitric oxide and 43.9-75.2% peroxynitrite concentration) and brain inflammatory mediators (18.6-40.6% prostaglandin E2 and 17.0-65.0% interleukin 1β concentration). Cell death was reduced by 25.9, 37.5, and 41.0% after the administration of 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg/day. The administration of HT in rats with experimental diabetes thus had a neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Julio Reyes
- Departmento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071Málaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz Villanueva
- Universidad Metropolitana de Puerto Rico (UMET) , San Juan PR 00926-2602, Puerto Rico
| | - Juan Antonio López-Villodres
- Departmento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071Málaga, Spain
| | - José Pedro De La Cruz
- Departmento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071Málaga, Spain
| | - Lidia Romero
- Departmento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071Málaga, Spain
| | - María Dolores Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departmento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Rodriguez-Gutierrez
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas (CSIC) , Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Edificio 46, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Bolaños
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas (CSIC) , Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Edificio 46, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - José Antonio González-Correa
- Departmento de Farmacologı́a, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071Málaga, Spain
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Soni M, Prakash C, Sehwag S, Kumar V. Protective effect of hydroxytyrosol in arsenic-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat brain. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [PMID: 28225195 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was planned to investigate the protective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT) against arsenic (As)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat brain. Rats exposed to sodium arsenite (25 ppm for 8 weeks) showed decreased mitochondrial complexes (I, II, IV) activities, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and catalase activities in brain mitochondria. As-treated rats showed reduced mRNA expression of complex I (ND-1, ND-2), IV (COX-1, COX-4) subunits, and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2). In addition to this, As exposure downregulated the protein expression of MnSOD. Administration of HT with As restored the enzymatic activities of mitochondrial complexes, MnSOD and catalase, increased the mRNA levels of complexes subunits and UCP-2 as well as proteins level of MnSOD. These results suggest that HT efficiently restores mitochondrial dysfunction in As neurotoxicity and might be used as potential mitoprotective agent in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Soni
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Chandra Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Sfurti Sehwag
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
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Hydroxytyrosol targets extracellular matrix remodeling by endothelial cells and inhibits both ex vivo and in vivo angiogenesis. Food Chem 2016; 221:1741-1746. [PMID: 27979155 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The health benefits of olive oil are attributed to their bioactive compounds, such as hydroxytyrosol. Previously, we demonstrated that hydroxytyrosol inhibits angiogenesis in vitro. The present study aimed to: i) get further insight into the effects of hydroxytyrosol on extracellular matrix remodeling; and ii) test whether hydroxytyrosol is able to inhibit angiogenesis ex vivo and in vivo. Hydroxytyrosol induced a shift toward inhibition of proteolysis in endothelial cells, with decreased expression of extracellular matrix remodeling-enzyme coding genes and increased levels of some of their inhibitors. Furthermore, this work demonstrated that hydroxytyrosol, at concentrations within the range of its content in virgin olive oil that can be absorbed from moderate and sustained virgin olive oil consumption, is a strong inhibitor of angiogenesis ex vivo and in vivo. These results suggest the need for translational studies to evaluate the potential use of hydroxytyrosol for angio-prevention and angiogenesis inhibition in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bernardini
- Biblioteca del Polo centrale di Medicina e Chirurgia; Università degli studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Padova; Padova Italy
- IMDEA-Food; CEI UAM + CSIC; Madrid Spain
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