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Cho Y, Ryu S, Kim R, Shin MJ, Oh H. Ultra-processed Food Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Korean Adults. J Nutr 2024; 154:243-251. [PMID: 38007182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies from the United States and European countries reported a positive association between ultra-processed food intake and diabetes risk. However, little is known about the association in Asian populations. It is also unknown about the individual ultra-processed food items that are most unfavorably associated with diabetes risk. OBJECTIVE We examined the associations of ultra-processed food intake (combined, as well as individual ultra-processed food items) with the risk of type 2 diabetes. METHODS This prospective analysis included 7438 participants aged 40-69 y from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Ansan-Ansung cohort. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline using a 103-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Ultra-processed foods were classified using the Nova definition. Incident type 2 diabetes cases were identified via follow-up interviews and health examination. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS During the follow-up (2001-2019; median: 15 y), a total of 1187 type 2 diabetes cases were identified. Compared with the lowest quartile of ultra-processed food intake, the highest quartile was positively associated with diabetes risk [HR (95% CI) = 1.34 (1.13, 1.59), P-trend = 0.002]. The association did not change after additional adjustment for diet quality or BMI. Among individual ultra-processed food items, a higher consumption of ham/sausage [per 1% increase in the weight ratio: HR (95% CI) = 1.40 (1.05, 1.86)], instant noodles [1.07 (1.02, 1.11)], ice cream [1.08 (1.03, 1.13)], and carbonated beverages [1.02 (1.00, 1.04)] were associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas a higher intake of candy/chocolate was associated with a decreased risk [0.78 (0.62, 0.99)]. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the high intake of ultra-processed foods, particularly ham/sausage, instant noodles, ice cream, and carbonated beverages, is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonkyoung Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seaun Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rockli Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannah Oh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Grassi D, Mai F, De Feo M, Barnabei R, Carducci A, Desideri G, Necozione S, Allegaert L, Bernaert H, Ferri C. Cocoa Consumption Decreases Oxidative Stress, Proinflammatory Mediators and Lipid Peroxidation in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Dose-Response Clinical Trial. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:219-225. [PMID: 36976481 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cocoa flavonoids have been described to reduce the cardiovascular risk. Nevertheless, the involved mechanisms should be clarified and the dose-effect relation has never been evaluated. AIM To investigate the dose-dependent effects of cocoa flavonoids on markers of endothelial and platelet activation and oxidative stress. METHODS According to a randomized, double-blind, controlled, cross-over design, 20 healthy nonsmokers were assigned to receive either five treatments with daily intake of 10 g cocoa (0, 80, 200, 500 and 800 mg cocoa flavonoids/day) in five periods lasting 1 week each. RESULTS Compared with flavonoid-free cocoa control, cocoa reduced sICAM-1 mean values [from 1190.2 to 1123.0; 906.3; 741.7 and 625.6 pg/mL (p = 0.0198 and p = 0.0016, for 500 and 800 mg respectively], sCD40L mean values [from 218.8 to 210.2; 165.5; 134.5 and 128.4 pg/mL (p = 0.023 and p = 0.013, for 500 and 800 mg respectively] and 8-isoprostanes F2 mean values [from 4703.9 to 4670.7; 2000.1; 2098.4 and 2052.3 pg/mL (p = 0.025; p = 0.034 and p = 0.029, for 200, 500 and 800 mg respectively)]. CONCLUSIONS In our study we observed that short-term cocoa consumption improved proinflammatory mediators, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress with a significant effect for higher dosages of flavonoids. Our findings suggest cocoa might be a valid tool for dietary intervention in prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Grassi
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences Via Pompeo Spennati, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mai
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences Via Pompeo Spennati, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Martina De Feo
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences Via Pompeo Spennati, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Remo Barnabei
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences Via Pompeo Spennati, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Augusto Carducci
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences Via Pompeo Spennati, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Desideri
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences Via Pompeo Spennati, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Necozione
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences Via Pompeo Spennati, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences Via Pompeo Spennati, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
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Simpson EJ, Mendis B, Dunlop M, Schroeter H, Kwik-Uribe C, Macdonald IA. Cocoa Flavanol Supplementation and the Effect on Insulin Resistance in Females Who Are Overweight or Obese: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030565. [PMID: 36771271 PMCID: PMC9921219 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is interest in the impact that dietary interventions can have on preventing the transition from insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes, including a suggestion that the bioactive components of cocoa may enhance fasting insulin sensitivity. However, a role for cocoa flavanols (CF) in reducing insulin resistance in the insulin-stimulated state, an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is unresolved. This study investigated whether CF consumption improved whole-body insulin-mediated glucose uptake ('M') in females with overweight/obesity, using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design. Thirty-two premenopausal females (19-49 years; 27-35 kg·m-2) with elevated HOMA-IR (HOMA-IR >1.5) supplemented their habitual diet with two servings/day of a high-flavanol cocoa drink (HFC; 609 mg CF/serving; n = 16) or low-flavanol cocoa drink (LFC; 13 mg CF/serving; n = 16) for 4 weeks. Assessment of HOMA-IR and 'M' during a 3-h, 60 mIU insulin·m-2·min-1 euglycemic clamp was performed before and after the intervention. Data are the mean (SD). Changes to HOMA-IR (HFC -0.003 (0.57); LFC -0.0402 (0.86)) and 'M' (HFC 0.99 (7.62); LFC -1.32 (4.88) µmol·kg-1·min-1) after the intervention were not different between groups. Four weeks' consumption of ~1.2 g CF/day did not improve indices of fasting insulin sensitivity or insulin-mediated glucose uptake. A recommendation for dietary supplementation with cocoa flavanols to improve glycemic control is therefore not established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J. Simpson
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-115-8230128
| | - Buddhike Mendis
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Mandy Dunlop
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Hagen Schroeter
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Avenue, 3150E Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Ian A. Macdonald
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Ertek G, Taştan Ö, Baysal T. Combined use of vacuum impregnation and encapsulation technologies for phenolic enrichment of strawberries. Food Chem 2023; 398:133853. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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5
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Khalid W, Arshad MS, Ranjha MMAN, Różańska MB, Irfan S, Shafique B, Rahim MA, Khalid MZ, Abdi G, Kowalczewski PŁ. Functional constituents of plant-based foods boost immunity against acute and chronic disorders. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1075-1093. [PMID: 36133422 PMCID: PMC9462539 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based foods are becoming an increasingly frequent topic of discussion, both scientific and social, due to the dissemination of information and exchange of experiences in the media. Plant-based diets are considered beneficial for human health due to the supply of many valuable nutrients, including health-promoting compounds. Replacing meat-based foods with plant-based products will provide many valuable compounds, including antioxidants, phenolic compounds, fibers, vitamins, minerals, and some ω3 fatty acids. Due to their high nutritional and functional composition, plant-based foods are beneficial in acute and chronic diseases. This article attempts to review the literature to present the most important data on nutrients of plant-based foods that can then help in the prevention of many diseases, such as different infections, such as coronavirus disease, pneumonia, common cold and flu, asthma, and bacterial diseases, such as bronchitis. A properly structured plant-based diet not only provides the necessary nutrients but also can help in the prevention of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Maria Barbara Różańska
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Shafeeqa Irfan
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Bakhtawar Shafique
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdul Rahim
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran
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Johnson NM, Hoffmann AR, Behlen JC, Lau C, Pendleton D, Harvey N, Shore R, Li Y, Chen J, Tian Y, Zhang R. Air pollution and children's health-a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:72. [PMID: 34253165 PMCID: PMC8274666 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM), a major component of ambient air pollution, accounts for a substantial burden of diseases and fatality worldwide. Maternal exposure to PM during pregnancy is particularly harmful to children's health since this is a phase of rapid human growth and development. METHOD In this review, we synthesize the scientific evidence on adverse health outcomes in children following prenatal exposure to the smallest toxic components, fine (PM2.5) and ultrafine (PM0.1) PM. We highlight the established and emerging findings from epidemiologic studies and experimental models. RESULTS Maternal exposure to fine and ultrafine PM directly and indirectly yields numerous adverse birth outcomes and impacts on children's respiratory systems, immune status, brain development, and cardiometabolic health. The biological mechanisms underlying adverse effects include direct placental translocation of ultrafine particles, placental and systemic maternal oxidative stress and inflammation elicited by both fine and ultrafine PM, epigenetic changes, and potential endocrine effects that influence long-term health. CONCLUSION Policies to reduce maternal exposure and health consequences in children should be a high priority. PM2.5 levels are regulated, yet it is recognized that minority and low socioeconomic status groups experience disproportionate exposures. Moreover, PM0.1 levels are not routinely measured or currently regulated. Consequently, preventive strategies that inform neighborhood/regional planning and clinical/nutritional recommendations are needed to mitigate maternal exposure and ultimately protect children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | | | - Jonathan C Behlen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Carmen Lau
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Drew Pendleton
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Navada Harvey
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ross Shore
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jingshu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yanan Tian
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Darand M, Hajizadeh Oghaz M, Hadi A, Atefi M, Amani R. The effect of cocoa/dark chocolate consumption on lipid profile, glycemia, and blood pressure in diabetic patients: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5487-5501. [PMID: 34089280 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing rate of cardiovascular disease and related risk factors in the worldin recent decades, the present meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effects ofcocoa/chocolate consumption on lipid profile, glycemia, and blood pressure control in diabetic patients. A systematic search of the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochran Library was performed up to July 2020. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using cocoa/dark chocolate in diabetic patients were included in the study. The search results were limited to English-language publications. Eight RCTs, including 433 participants, were selected for this meta-analysis. Pooled analysis indicated a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-c levels (WMD: -15.49 mg/dl; 95% CI: -24.56, -6.42, p = .001) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) concentrations (WMD: -6.88 mg/dl; 95% CI: -13.28, -0.48, p = .03) following cocoa/dark chocolate consumption. The analysis of papers included in current study indicates that the consumption of cocoa/dark chocolate reduced the serum fasting blood glucose (FBS) and LDL cholesterol concentrations. However, further high quality trials are essential for confirming the clinical efficacy of cocoa/dark chocolate consumption on complete metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Darand
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Hajizadeh Oghaz
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Amir Hadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Atefi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Carrizzo A, Izzo C, Forte M, Sommella E, Di Pietro P, Venturini E, Ciccarelli M, Galasso G, Rubattu S, Campiglia P, Sciarretta S, Frati G, Vecchione C. A Novel Promising Frontier for Human Health: The Beneficial Effects of Nutraceuticals in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228706. [PMID: 33218062 PMCID: PMC7698807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and diabetes are a significant public health problem worldwide. Although several novel pharmacological treatments to reduce the progression of CVDs have been discovered during the last 20 years, the better way to contain the onset of CVDs remains prevention. In this regard, nutraceuticals seem to own a great potential in maintaining human health, exerting important protective cardiovascular effects. In the last years, there has been increased focus on identifying natural compounds with cardiovascular health-promoting effects and also to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved. Although many review articles have focused on the individual natural compound impact on cardiovascular diseases, the aim of this manuscript was to examine the role of the most studied nutraceuticals, such as resveratrol, cocoa, quercetin, curcumin, brassica, berberine and Spirulina platensis, on different CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albino Carrizzo
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (M.F.); (E.V.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (C.I.); (P.D.P.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Carmine Izzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (C.I.); (P.D.P.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Maurizio Forte
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (M.F.); (E.V.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (C.I.); (P.D.P.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Eleonora Venturini
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (M.F.); (E.V.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (C.I.); (P.D.P.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Gennaro Galasso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (C.I.); (P.D.P.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (M.F.); (E.V.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Ospedale S.Andrea, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Petro Campiglia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (C.I.); (P.D.P.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (M.F.); (E.V.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 74, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (M.F.); (E.V.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 74, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (M.F.); (E.V.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (C.I.); (P.D.P.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Russo P, Prinzi G, Lamonaca P, Cardaci V, Fini M. Flavonoids and Reduction of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:7048-7058. [PMID: 29756566 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180514100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Cardiovascular Diseases (CV) Often Coexist. COPD and CVD are complex diseases characterized by a strict interaction between environment and genetic. The mechanisms linking these two diseases are complex, multifactorial and not entirely understood, influencing the therapeutic approach. COPD is characterized by several comorbidities, it hypothesized the treatment of cardiovascular co-morbidities that may reduce morbidity and mortality. Flavonoids are an important class of plant low molecular weight Secondary Metabolites (SMs). Convincing data from laboratory, epidemiological, and human clinical studies point the important effects on CVD risk prevention. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide up-to-date information on the ability of Flavonoids to reduce the CVD risk. CONCLUSION Current studies support the potential of Flavonoids to prevent the risk of CVD. Well-designed clinical studies are suggested to evaluate advantages and limits of Flavonoids for managing CVD comorbidity in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Russo
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS "San Raffaele Pisana" Via di Valcannuta, 247, I- 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Prinzi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS "San Raffaele Pisana" Via di Valcannuta, 247, I- 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Palma Lamonaca
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS "San Raffaele Pisana" Via di Valcannuta, 247, I- 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Cardaci
- Unit of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, IRCCS "San Raffaele Pisana" Via della Pisana, 235, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Fini
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS "San Raffaele Pisana" Via di Valcannuta, 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy
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10
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Camps-Bossacoma M, Garcia-Aloy M, Saldaña-Ruiz S, Cambras T, González-Domínguez R, Franch À, Pérez-Cano FJ, Andres-Lacueva C, Castell M. Role of Theobromine in Cocoa's Metabolic Properties in Healthy Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3605-3614. [PMID: 30855143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa is rich in polyphenols and methylxanthines, and it has been reported that its consumption, among other properties, has beneficial effects on metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the role of theobromine in cocoa's metabolic properties in healthy rats. In addition to morphometric measurements, biochemical markers of lipids and glucose metabolism and gene expression of molecules related to immune cells in adipose and hepatic tissues were assessed after 7 or 18 days of diet. Additionally, a metabolomic analysis was carried out at day 7. This study revealed the presence of six discriminant metabolites in plasma due to the diets. Moreover, the results showed that theobromine is the main responsible factor for cocoa's effects on body weight gain as well as on lipid and glucose metabolism. The effects on body weight and lipids appeared as early as after 7 days of diet, whereas those affecting glucose metabolism required a longer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Camps-Bossacoma
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB) , Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, XaRTA, INSA-UB, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, UB, Barcelona; CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento (CIBERFES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid 28029 , Spain
| | - Sandra Saldaña-Ruiz
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB) , Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
| | - Trinitat Cambras
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB) , Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
| | - Raúl González-Domínguez
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, XaRTA, INSA-UB, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, UB, Barcelona; CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento (CIBERFES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid 28029 , Spain
| | - Àngels Franch
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB) , Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
| | - Francisco J Pérez-Cano
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB) , Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, XaRTA, INSA-UB, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, UB, Barcelona; CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento (CIBERFES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid 28029 , Spain
| | - Margarida Castell
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB) , Universitat de Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
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11
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Jayeola OC, Oyagbemi AA, Okunlola OI, Olubamiwa O, Omobowale TO, Ajibade TO, Bolaji-Alabi FB, Ogunpolu BS, Falayi OO, Saba AB, Adedapo AA, Yakubu MA, Oluwadun A, Oguntibeju OO. Effect of cocoa powder on hypertension and antioxidant status in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats. Vet World 2019; 13:695-705. [PMID: 32546914 PMCID: PMC7245715 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.695-705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM High salt diet and uninephrectomy are associated with high blood pressure with attendant cardiovascular disease conditions such as hypertension, renal damage, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of consumption of cocoa and cocoa-containing products in the management of high blood pressure in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of cocoa powder on blood pressure, markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathology were investigated in uninephrectomized animals fed with cocoa feed alone or in combination with a high salt diet. Male rats were randomly divided into five groups: Group A was the control group and fed with normal feed alone, Group B was fed with cocoa feed alone, Group C was fed with high salt diet (8% salt), GroupD was fed with cocoa-feed compounded with 8% salt for 4weeks after uninephrectomy, and GroupE was uninephrectomized rats on a normal diet. The left kidneys of animals in GroupsC, D, and E were removed by surgery. After 4weeks of treatment, the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure was measured. The serum markers of renal damage and oxidative stress were determined. Histological examination was also performed on renal and cardiac tissues. RESULTS Results showed significant increases in biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal damage with a concomitant decrease in antioxidant status in hypertensive uninephrectomized rats. Cocoa feed, however, significantly improved blood pressure and nitric oxide bioavailability, antioxidant status and reduced markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION These findings show that cocoa powder could be used to maintain blood pressure levels in hypertensive rats through its antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Blessing Seun Ogunpolu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale Benard Saba
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Momoh Audu Yakubu
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vascular Biology Unit, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (COPHS), Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Afolabi Oluwadun
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu Campus, Sagamu, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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12
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Relationship between Cocoa Intake and Healthy Status: A Pilot Study in University Students. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040812. [PMID: 30813439 PMCID: PMC6412630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its polyphenol content, cocoa's potential health effects are attracting much attention, showing, among other things, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and neuroprotective actions. However, there is very limited information regarding the effect of cocoa on human immunity. This study aimed to establish the relationship between cocoa consumption and health status, focusing on physical activity habits and allergy prevalence in young people. For this, a sample of 270 university students was recruited to complete a food frequency questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and a lifestyle and health status questionnaire. The results were analysed by classifying the participants into tertiles defined according to their cocoa consumption: low (LC), moderate (MC), and high (HC) consumers. The consumption of cocoa inversely correlated with physical activity and the MC group had significantly less chronic disease frequency than the LC group. The percentage of allergic people in the MC and HC groups was lower than that in the LC group and, moreover, the cocoa intake, especially moderate consumption, was also associated with a lower presence of allergic symptoms. Thus, from these results a positive effect of cocoa intake on allergy can be suggested in the young population.
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13
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of deaths in highly developed countries. Dietetic interventions that involve recommendations for consumption of products with a confirmed health-improving action are an important aspect of prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Cocoa is an alimentary product with significant cardioprotective potential due to its high content of bioactive compounds. The aim of the present study was to review the most recent literature concerning the effectiveness and mechanisms of action of compounds contained in cocoa with regard to selected cardiovascular risk factors and cardiometabolic markers. Study results indicate that cocoa consumption, especially in the form of dark chocolate with high flavonoid content, may be a good strategy to diminish cardiovascular risk due to its beneficial effect on platelet aggregation, decreasing blood pressure, diminishing dyslipidemia, and decreasing blood plasma glucose concentration. Many studies have shown that cocoa-derived flavonoids have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and also play a significant role in preventing insulin resistance. However, in order to completely confirm the potential cardiovascular benefits, it is necessary to conduct larger and longer studies, also with regard to potential dangers associated with long-term consumption of large amounts of flavonoids and determination of a safe and effective dose. Key teaching points Cocoa consumption may be a good strategy in diminishing cardiovascular risk. Beneficial effects on platelet aggregation, blood pressure, dyslipidemia, glycemia, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity are observed. There is a need to conduct larger and longer studies to determine a safe and effective dose of cocoa flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Zięba
- a SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humans , Chodakowska , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Magdalena Makarewicz-Wujec
- b Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Warsaw Banacha 1 , Warsaw , Poland
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14
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Wang S, Sarriá B, Mateos R, Goya L, Bravo-Clemente L. TNF-α-induced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in EA.hy926 cells is prevented by mate and green coffee extracts, 5-caffeoylquinic acid and its microbial metabolite, dihydrocaffeic acid. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 70:267-284. [PMID: 30185085 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1505834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The main phenol in mate and coffee, 5-caffeoylquinic-acid (5-CQA), and its relevant microbial metabolites, dihydrocaffeic (DHCA) and dihydroferulic (DHFA) acids, have shown oxidative-stress protective effects in HepG2 cells. To evaluate possible endothelial-protective effects of the extracts and compounds, endothelial EA.hy926 cells were pre-treated with yerba mate (YME) and green coffee bean (GCBE) phenolic extracts, 5-CQA, DHCA and DHFA and afterwards stressed with tumour-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF-α). Then oxidative-stress markers and endothelial-nitric-oxide-synthase levels were studied. TNF-α (10 ng/mL, 24 h) depleted reduced glutathione (GSH) and eNOS levels, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GR) activities, and protein oxidation (carbonyl groups, CG) in EA.hy926 cells. Pre-treatment with YME, GCBE, 5-CQA, DHCA at certain physiological concentrations, lowered ROS production, recovered depleted GSH, reduced GR and GPx activities, and CG levels, and enhanced eNOS concentration.. YME, GCBE and 5-CQA show antioxidant effects in endothelial cells playing DHCA an important role in such protection; moreover, the extracts, 5-CQA, DHCA and DHFA increased eNOS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenli Wang
- a Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science , Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Beatriz Sarriá
- a Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science , Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Raquel Mateos
- a Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science , Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Luis Goya
- a Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science , Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Laura Bravo-Clemente
- a Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science , Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Madrid , Spain
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15
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Williamson G, Kay CD, Crozier A. The Bioavailability, Transport, and Bioactivity of Dietary Flavonoids: A Review from a Historical Perspective. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1054-1112. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin D. Kay
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Inst. North Carolina State Univ. North Carolina Research Campus Kannapolis NC 28081 U.S.A
| | - Alan Crozier
- Dept. of Nutrition Univ. of California Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, Univ. Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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16
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Intake of cocoa products and risk of type-2 diabetes: the multiethnic cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:671-678. [PMID: 29795238 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES As cocoa products may be protective against chronic disease due to their polyphenol content, the current study determined the association of chocolate consumption and flavanol intake with type-2 diabetes (T2D) incidence in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study. SUBJECTS/METHODS The analysis included 151,691 participants of Native Hawaiian, Japanese American, Latino, African American, and white ancestry with 8487 incident T2D cases after 7.8 ± 3.5 years of follow-up. T2D status was based on three self-reports and confirmed by at least one of three administrative data sources. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and flavanols from cocoa products were estimated from self-reported consumption of chocolate candy and drinks. Cox hazard regression, adjusted for potential confounders was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS For chocolate candy, both the highest vs. lowest (≥10 vs. <1 g/day) consumption (HR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83-0.97; ptrend = 0.01) and the frequency (≥4/week vs. <1/month) of intake (HR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72-0.91; ptrend = 0.0002) were inversely associated with T2D. The estimated flavanol intake from cocoa products (≥3 vs. <1 mg/day) also showed an inverse association with T2D risk (HR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.99; ptrend = 0.02). Significant interaction terms indicated that the inverse relation was limited to Japanese Americans, normal-weight individuals, and to those without comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS The current study confirms previous reports that participants with high intake of chocolate products and cocoa-derived flavanols experience a reduced risk of developing T2D even after controlling for sugar intake, diet quality, and other aspects of the diet.
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17
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Álvarez-Cilleros D, Ramos S, Goya L, Martín MÁ. Colonic metabolites from flavanols stimulate nitric oxide production in human endothelial cells and protect against oxidative stress-induced toxicity and endothelial dysfunction. Food Chem Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Effects of Cocoa Antioxidants in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6040084. [PMID: 29088075 PMCID: PMC5745494 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes and one of the most common chronic diseases. Control of hyperglycaemia by hypoglycaemic drugs is insufficient in for patients and nutritional approaches are currently being explored. Natural dietary compounds such as flavonoids, abundant in fruits and vegetables, have received broad attention because of their potential capacity to act as anti-diabetic agents. Especially cocoa flavonoids have been proved to ameliorate important hallmarks of T2D. In this review, an update of the most relevant reports published during the last decade in cell culture, animal models and human studies is presented. Most results support an anti-diabetic effect of cocoa flavonoids by enhancing insulin secretion, improving insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, exerting a lipid-lowering effect and preventing the oxidative and inflammatory damages associated to the disease. While it could be suggested that daily consumption of flavanols from cocoa or dark chocolate would constitute a potential preventive tool useful for the nutritional management of T2D, this recommendation should be cautious since most of commercially available soluble cocoa products or chocolates contain low amount of flavanols and are rich in sugar and calories that may aggravate glycaemic control in T2D patients.
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19
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Lo HY, Li CC, Chen FY, Chen JC, Hsiang CY, Ho TY. Gastro-Resistant Insulin Receptor-Binding Peptide from Momordica charantia Improved the Glucose Tolerance in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice via Insulin Receptor Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9266-9274. [PMID: 28994284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Momordica charantia is a commonly used food and has been used for the management of diabetes. Our previous study has identified an insulin receptor (IR)-binding protein (mcIRBP) from Momordica charantia. Here we identified the gastro-resistant hypoglycemic bioactive peptides from protease-digested mcIRBP. By in vitro digestion and IR kinase activity assay, we found that a 9-amino-acid-residue peptide, mcIRBP-9, was a gastro-resistant peptide that enhanced IR kinase activities. mcIRBP-9 activated IR signaling transduction pathway, which resulted in the phosphorylation of IR, the translocation of glucose transporter 4, and the uptake of glucose in cells. Intraperitoneal and oral administration of mcIRBP-9 stimulated the glucose clearance by 30.91 ± 0.39% and 32.09 ± 0.38%, respectively, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Moreover, a pilot study showed that daily ingestion of mcIRBP-9 for 30 days decreased the fasting blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels by 23.62 ± 6.14% and 24.06 ± 1.53%, respectively. In conclusion, mcIRBP-9 is a unique gastro-resistant bioactive peptide generated after the digestion of mcIRBP. Furthermore, oral administration of mcIRBP-9 improves both the glucose tolerance and the HbA1c levels in diabetic mice via targeting IR signaling transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jaw-Chyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botany and Healthcare, Da-Yeh University , Changhua 515, Taiwan
| | | | - Tin-Yun Ho
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung 413, Taiwan
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20
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Protective effects of tea, red wine and cocoa in diabetes. Evidences from human studies. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:302-314. [PMID: 28893620 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of diabetes through the diet has recently received an increasing interest, and polyphenolic compounds, such as flavanols, have become important potential chemopreventive natural agents due to their proved benefits on health, with low toxicity and cost. Tea, red wine and cocoa are good sources of flavanols and these highly consumed foods might contribute to prevent diabetes. In this regard, there is increasing evidence for a protective effect of tea, red wine and cocoa consumption against this disorder. This review summarizes the available epidemiological and interventional human studies providing evidence for and against this effect. Overall observational data suggest a benefit, but results are still equivocal and likely confounded by lifestyle and background dietary factors. The weight of data indicate favourable effects on diabetes risk factors for tea, red wine and cocoa intake, and a number of plausible mechanisms have been elucidated in human studies. However, despite the growing evidence it remains uncertain whether tea, red wine and cocoa consumption should be recommended to the general population or to patients as a strategy to reduce the risk of diabetes.
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21
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Costa R, Rodrigues I, Guardão L, Rocha-Rodrigues S, Silva C, Magalhães J, Ferreira-de-Almeida M, Negrão R, Soares R. Xanthohumol and 8-prenylnaringenin ameliorate diabetic-related metabolic dysfunctions in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 45:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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22
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Camps-Bossacoma M, Massot-Cladera M, Abril-Gil M, Franch A, Pérez-Cano FJ, Castell M. Cocoa Diet and Antibody Immune Response in Preclinical Studies. Front Nutr 2017; 4:28. [PMID: 28702458 PMCID: PMC5484773 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of cocoa to interact with the immune system in vitro and in vivo has been described. In the latter context, a cocoa-enriched diet in healthy rats was able to modify the immune system's functionality. This fact could be observed in the composition and functionality of lymphoid tissues, such as the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. Consequently, immune effector mechanisms, such as antibody synthesis, were modified. A cocoa-enriched diet in young rats was able to attenuate the serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, and IgA and also the intestinal IgM and IgA secretion. Moreover, in immunized rats, the intake of cocoa decreased specific IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2c, and IgM concentrations in serum. This immune-regulator potential was then tested in disease models in which antibodies play a pathogenic role. A cocoa-enriched diet was able to partially prevent the synthesis of autoantibodies in a model of autoimmune arthritis in rats and was also able to protect against IgE and T helper 2-related antibody synthesis in two rat models of allergy. Likewise, a cocoa-enriched diet prevented an oral sensitization process in young rats. In this review, we will focus on the influence of cocoa on the acquired branch of the immune function. Therefore, we will focus on how a cocoa diet influences lymphocyte function both in the systemic and intestinal immune system. Likewise, its potential role in preventing some antibody-induced immune diseases is also included. Although further studies must characterize the particular cocoa components responsible for such effects and nutritional studies in humans need to be carried out, cocoa has potential as a nutraceutical agent in some hypersensitivity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Camps-Bossacoma
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Section of Physiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Malen Massot-Cladera
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Section of Physiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Mar Abril-Gil
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Section of Physiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Angels Franch
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Section of Physiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Pérez-Cano
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Section of Physiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Margarida Castell
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Section of Physiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
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23
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Pérez-Cano FJ, Castell M. Flavonoids, Inflammation and Immune System. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100659. [PMID: 27775647 PMCID: PMC5084045 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Pérez-Cano
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), C/Prat de la Riba 171, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, 08921 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Margarida Castell
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), C/Prat de la Riba 171, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, 08921 Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Crichton GE, Elias MF, Dearborn P, Robbins M. Habitual chocolate intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study: (1975-2010): Prospective observations. Appetite 2016; 108:263-269. [PMID: 27725277 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Compounds in cocoa and chocolate have established cardiovascular benefits, including beneficial effects on insulin resistance, a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aims of this study was to investigate relations between habitual chocolate intakes and diabetes mellitus. Cross-sectional and prospective analyses were undertaken on 953 community-dwelling participants (mean age 62 years, 59% women) from the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study (MSLS). Habitual chocolate intakes, measured using a food frequency questionnaire, were related to prevalence of diabetes mellitus (cross-sectionally) and with risk of diabetes measured approximately five years later (prospectively). We also examined the relation between diabetes (the predictor) and chocolate consumption (the outcome) up to 30 years later. Chocolate intake was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes. Compared to participants who consumed chocolate more than once per week, those who never or rarely ate chocolate exhibited a significantly higher odds of having type 2 diabetes 5 years later (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.55, p = 0.04), after adjustment for cardiovascular, lifestyle and dietary factors including other polyphenol-rich beverages. However, individuals diagnosed with diabetes prior to the nutritional assessment consumed lower amounts of chocolate at the time of the dietary assessment. Our findings suggest that relations between chocolate and type 2 diabetes may be bi-directional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina E Crichton
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Merrill F Elias
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Peter Dearborn
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Michael Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, San Juan Chávez V, Vacaseydel-Aceves NB, Calderón-Sánchez R, Macías-Escobedo E, Frías C, Giacometto M, Velasquez L, Félix-Villarreal R, Martin JD, Draheim C, Engle RW. Chocolate, Air Pollution and Children's Neuroprotection: What Cognition Tools should be at Hand to Evaluate Interventions? Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:232. [PMID: 27563291 PMCID: PMC4980563 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of children across the world are exposed to multiple sources of indoor and outdoor air pollutants, including high concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3). The established link between exposure to PM2.5, brain structural, volumetric and metabolic changes, severe cognitive deficits (1.5-2 SD from average IQ) in APOE 4 heterozygous females with >75 − < 94% BMI percentiles, and the presence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) hallmarks in urban children and young adults necessitates exploration of ways to protect these individuals from the deleterious neural effects of pollution exposure. Emerging research suggests that cocoa interventions may be a viable option for neuroprotection, with evidence suggesting that early cocoa interventions could limit the risk of cognitive and developmental concerns including: endothelial dysfunction, cerebral hypoperfusion, neuroinflammation, and metabolic detrimental brain effects. Currently, however, it is not clear how early we should implement consumption of cocoa to optimize its neuroprotective effects. Moreover, we have yet to identify suitable instruments for evaluating cognitive responses to these interventions in clinically healthy children, teens, and young adults. An approach to guide the selection of cognitive tools should take into account neuropsychological markers of cognitive declines in patients with Alzheimer's neuropathology, the distinct patterns of memory impairment between early and late onset AD, and the key literature associating white matter integrity and poor memory binding performance in cases of asymptomatic familial AD. We highlight potential systemic and neural benefits of cocoa consumption. We also highlight Working Memory Capacity (WMC) and attention control tasks as opened avenues for exploration in the air pollution scenario. Exposures to air pollutants during brain development have serious brain consequences in the short and long term and reliable cognition tools should be at hand to evaluate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- Biomedical Sciences, University of MontanaMissoula, MT, USA; Universidad del Valle de MéxicoCiudad de México, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luis Velasquez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Jessie D Martin
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Randall W Engle
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA, USA
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Grassi D, Socci V, Tempesta D, Ferri C, De Gennaro L, Desideri G, Ferrara M. Flavanol-rich chocolate acutely improves arterial function and working memory performance counteracting the effects of sleep deprivation in healthy individuals. J Hypertens 2016; 34:1298-308. [PMID: 27088635 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Mechanisms by which cocoa flavanols improve metabolic syndrome and related disorders. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 35:1-21. [PMID: 27560446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dietary administration of cocoa flavanols may be an effective complementary strategy for alleviation or prevention of metabolic syndrome, particularly glucose intolerance. The complex flavanol composition of cocoa provides the ability to interact with a variety of molecules, thus allowing numerous opportunities to ameliorate metabolic diseases. These interactions likely occur primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, where native cocoa flavanol concentration is high. Flavanols may antagonize digestive enzymes and glucose transporters, causing a reduction in glucose excursion, which helps patients with metabolic disorders maintain glucose homeostasis. Unabsorbed flavanols, and ones that undergo enterohepatic recycling, will proceed to the colon where they can exert prebiotic effects on the gut microbiota. Interactions with the gut microbiota may improve gut barrier function, resulting in attenuated endotoxin absorption. Cocoa may also positively influence insulin signaling, possibly by relieving insulin-signaling pathways from oxidative stress and inflammation and/or via a heightened incretin response. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanisms that underlie these outcomes, critically review the current body of literature related to those mechanisms, explore the implications of these mechanisms for therapeutic utility, and identify emerging or needed areas of research that could advance our understanding of the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of cocoa flavanols.
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Liu B, Ma JM, Chen HW, Li ZL, Sun LH, Zeng Z, Jiang H. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activities of phenolic acid amides with l-amino acid moiety. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08330g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acid amides with a l-amino acid moiety showed excellent inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Ji-Mei Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Hang-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Zi-Long Li
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Lin-Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- PR China
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