1
|
Wu Z, Wu W, Yang S, Cheng F, Lv J, Shao Y, Tang X, Li E, Zhao Q. Safety evaluation and effects of dietary phlorotannins on the growth, health, and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:109569. [PMID: 38641216 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Phlorotannins are phenolic compounds with diverse biological activities, yet their efficacy in aquatic animals currently remains unclear. This investigation scrutinized the influence of phlorotannins on the growth, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota in Litopenaeus vannamei, concurrently evaluating the potential adverse effects of phlorotannins on L. vannamei. A base diet without phlorotannins supplementation was used as a control, and 4 groups of diets with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g kg-1) of phlorotannins were formulated and fed to juvenile shrimp (0.25 ± 0.01 g) for 60 days followed by a 24-h challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus with triplicate in each group. Compared with the control, dietary 2.0 g kg-1 phlorotannins significantly improved the growth of the shrimp. The activities of enzymes related to cellular immunity, humoral immunity, and antioxidants, along with a notable upregulation in the expression of related genes, significantly increased. After V. parahaemolyticus challenge, the cumulative survival rates of the shrimp demonstrated a positive correlation with elevated concentrations of phlorotannins. In addition, the abundance of Bacteroidetes and functional genes associated with metabolism increased in phlorotannins supplementation groups. Phlorotannins did not elicit any detrimental effects on the biological macromolecules or histological integrity of the hepatopancreas or intestines. Simultaneously, it led to a significant reduction in malondialdehyde content. All results indicated that phlorotannins at concentrations of 2.0 g kg-1 can be used as safe feed additives to promote the growth, stimulate the immune response, improve the antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of L. vannamei, and an protect shrimp from damage caused by oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Shouguo Yang
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571126, China
| | - Fen Cheng
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571126, China
| | - Jingyi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yingjin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Xianming Tang
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571126, China
| | - Erchao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Goya L, Mateos R. Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Marine Phlorotannins and Bromophenols Supportive of Their Anticancer Potential. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae066. [PMID: 38894623 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Following the goal of optimizing nutrition, the food industry has been continuously working on food reformulation, nutritional patterns, functional foods development, and the general promotion of a healthy lifestyle. To this end, the scientific community has been increasingly investigating natural compounds that could prevent or treat chronic diseases. Phlorotannins and bromophenols are phenolic compounds particularly present in marine organisms. There is extensive evidence that shows their potential in the prevention of noncommunicable diseases, including cancer, the second cause of mortality worldwide. Numerous studies have demonstrated the anticarcinogenic activity of polyphenolic algae compounds both in cell culture and experimental animal models. Although recent reviews are also available, the present update focuses on the most recent findings related to the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effect of seaweed phenolics, as well as their regulatory capacity for new molecular targets. Additionally, the review addresses and discusses the close link between inflammation and oxidative stress, along with their relationship with tumor onset and progression, including the most recent findings supporting this correlation. Although clinical studies are still needed to support this evidence, phlorotannins and bromophenols constitute an emerging bioactive group with high potential as chemopreventive agents and/or potential adjuvants for existing cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Goya
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology, and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Mateos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology, and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu L, Chen Y, Chen B, Xu M, Liu S, Su Y, Qiao K, Liu Z. Advances in Research on Marine-Derived Lipid-Lowering Active Substances and Their Molecular Mechanisms. Nutrients 2023; 15:5118. [PMID: 38140377 PMCID: PMC10745522 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia (HLP) is a metabolic disorder caused by abnormal lipid metabolism. Recently, the prevalence of HLP caused by poor dietary habits in the population has been increasing year by year. In addition, lipid-lowering drugs currently in clinical use have shown significant improvement in blood lipid levels, but are accompanied by certain side effects. However, bioactive marine substances have been shown to possess a variety of physiological activities such as hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antithrombotic and effects on blood pressure. Therefore, the hypolipidemic efficacy of marine bioactive substances with complex and diverse structures has also attracted attention. This paper focuses on the therapeutic role of marine-derived polysaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, and bioactive peptides in HLP, and briefly discusses the main mechanisms by which these substances exert their hypolipidemic activity in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (Y.C.)
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian and Taiwan Characteristic Marine Food Processing and Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (Y.C.)
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian and Taiwan Characteristic Marine Food Processing and Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China; (B.C.); (M.X.); (S.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Min Xu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China; (B.C.); (M.X.); (S.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shuji Liu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China; (B.C.); (M.X.); (S.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yongchang Su
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China; (B.C.); (M.X.); (S.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kun Qiao
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China; (B.C.); (M.X.); (S.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China; (B.C.); (M.X.); (S.L.); (Y.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carthamus tinctorius Suppresses LPS-Induced Anti-Inflammatory Responses by Inhibiting the MAPKs/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in HaCaT Cells. Sci Pharm 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm91010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory activity of C. tinctorius leaves by measuring inflammatory parameters such as nitric oxide (NO) production and mRNA expression of iNOS, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HaCaT cells. Further, the effect of C. tinctorius ethanol extract on the MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway was examined in HaCaT cells. The phytochemical profile of the ethanol extract of C. tinctorius leaves was determined using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The results indicated that the ethanol extract of C. tinctorius effectively attenuated LPS-induced secretion of NO, IL-6, and IL-1β in HaCaT cells. Further, LPS-stimulated mRNA and protein expressions of iNOS were decreased by pre-treatment with C. tinctorius ethanol extract at the transcriptional level in HaCaT cells. Moreover, the ethanol extract of C. tinctorius suppressed NF-κB signaling in LPS-induced HaCaT cells. This suppression was mediated by MAPKs/NF-κB signaling, inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 and p65 in HaCaT cells. However, there is no significant effect on the phosphorylation of JNK by the ethanol extract. The QTOF-MS/MS analysis revealed the identification of 27 components in the ethanol extract of C. tinctorius leaves. The data demonstrate that the ethanol extract of C. tinctorius leaves protects the LPS-induced HaCaT cells by inhibiting the expression of iNOS, IL-6, and IL-1β and suppressing the phosphorylation of the p38, p65, p-JNK via inactivation of MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that C. tinctorius leaves may serve as a potential candidate to prevent inflammation-related diseases.
Collapse
|
5
|
Safety Assessment of Starch Nanoparticles as an Emulsifier in Human Skin Cells, 3D Cultured Artificial Skin, and Human Skin. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020806. [PMID: 36677864 PMCID: PMC9866426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Emulsion systems are widely used in various industries, including the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries, because they require emulsifiers to stabilize the inherently unstable contact between oil and water. Although emulsifiers are included in many products, excessive use of emulsifiers destroys skin barriers and causes contact dermatitis. Accordingly, the consumer demand for cosmetic products made from natural ingredients with biocompatibility and biodegradability has increased. Starch in the form of solid nanosized particles is considered an attractive emulsifier that forms and stabilizes Pickering emulsion. Chemical modification of nanosized starch via acid hydrolysis can effectively provide higher emulsion stability. However, typical acid hydrolysis limits the industrial application of starch due to its high time consumption and low recovery. In previous studies, the effects of starch nanoparticles (SNPs) prepared by treatment with acidic dry heat, which overcomes these limitations, on the formation and stability of Pickering emulsions were reported. In this study, we evaluated the safety of SNPs in skin cell lines, 3D cultured skin, and human skin. We found that the cytotoxicity of SNPs in both HaCaT cells and HDF cells could be controlled by neutralization. We also observed that SNPs did not induce structural abnormalities on 3D cultured skin and did not permeate across micropig skin tissue or human skin membranes. Furthermore, patches loaded with SNPs were found to belong in the "No irritation" category because they did not cause any irritation when placed on human skin. Overall, the study results suggest that SNPs can be used as a safe emulsifier in various industries, including in cosmetics.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim KM, Kim SY, Mony TJ, Bae HJ, Choi SH, Choi YY, An JY, Kim HJ, Cho YE, Sowndhararajan K, Park SJ. Moringa concanensis L. Alleviates DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-like Symptoms by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated IL-1β in BALB/c Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101217. [PMID: 36297328 PMCID: PMC9610696 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritus, dry skin and redness on the face and inside elbows or knees. Most patients with AD are children and youths, but it can also develop in adults. In the therapeutic aspect, treatment with corticosteroids for AD has several side effects, such as weight loss, atrophy and acne. In the current study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effect of Moringa concanensis leaves on HaCaT keratinocytes and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in BALB/c mice. We observed that M. concanensis treatment exhibited significant inhibition in the production of inflammatory mediators and proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, in LPS-induced HaCaT keratinocytes by downregulating the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Moreover, M. concanensis inhibited the activation of JNK, AP-1 and p65, which resulted in the deformation of NLRP3 in LPS-stimulated HaCaT cells. In mice with DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions, the administration of M. concanensis ameliorated the clinical symptoms, such as the dermatitis score, thickness of lesional ear skin and TEWL. Furthermore, M. concanensis could attenuate the activation of the immune system, such as reducing the spleen index, concentration of the IgE levels and expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome in ear tissues. Therefore, our results suggest that M. concanensis exerts anti-atopic dermatitis effects by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Min Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Tamanna Jahan Mony
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ho Jung Bae
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyuk Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Yu-Yeong Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon An
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ye Eun Cho
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | | | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-6441
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Seaweed Phenolics as Natural Antioxidants, Aquafeed Additives, Veterinary Treatments and Cross-Linkers for Microencapsulation. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070445. [PMID: 35877738 PMCID: PMC9319038 DOI: 10.3390/md20070445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven by consumer demand and government policies, synthetic additives in aquafeed require substitution with sustainable and natural alternatives. Seaweeds have been shown to be a sustainable marine source of novel bioactive phenolic compounds that can be used in food, animal and aqua feeds, or microencapsulation applications. For example, phlorotannins are a structurally unique polymeric phenolic group exclusively found in brown seaweed that act through multiple antioxidant mechanisms. Seaweed phenolics show high affinities for binding proteins via covalent and non-covalent bonds and can have specific bioactivities due to their structures and associated physicochemical properties. Their ability to act as protein cross-linkers means they can be used to enhance the rheological and mechanical properties of food-grade delivery systems, such as microencapsulation, which is a new area of investigation illustrating the versatility of seaweed phenolics. Here we review how seaweed phenolics can be used in a range of applications, with reference to their bioactivity and structural properties.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen B, Chen H, Qu H, Qiao K, Xu M, Wu J, Su Y, Shi Y, Liu Z, Wang Q. Photoprotective effects of Sargassum thunbergii on ultraviolet B-induced mouse L929 fibroblasts and zebrafish. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:144. [PMID: 35597942 PMCID: PMC9123674 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) causes a series of adverse skin reactions, such as erythema, sunburn, photoaging, and cancer, by altering signaling pathways related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Marine algae have abundant amounts and varieties of bioactive compounds that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the photoprotective effects of an ethanol extract of Sargassum thunbergii. METHODS Sargassum thunbergii phenolic-rich extract (STPE) was prepared, and its activity against UVB damage was evaluated using L929 fibroblast cells and zebrafish. STPE was extracted and purified by 40% ethanol and macroporous resin XDA-7. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant markers, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were analyzed. The effect of STPE on UVB-induced inflammation was determined by inflammatory cytokine gene and protein expression. The expression of signaling molecules in the Nuclear Factor KappaB (NF-κB) pathway was determined by western blotting. DNA condensation was analyzed and visualized by Hoechst 33342 staining. In vivo evaluation was performed by tail fin area and ROS measurement using the zebrafish model. RESULTS The total polyphenol content of STPE was 72%. STPE reduced ROS content in L929 cells, improved SOD and CAT activities, and significantly reduced MDA content, thereby effectively alleviating UVB radiation-induced oxidative damage. STPE inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1α. STPE reversed DNA condensation at concentrations of 20 and 40 μg/mL compared with the UVB control. Moreover, STPE inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway activation and alleviated DNA agglutination in L929 cells after UVB irradiation. Additionally, 1.67 μg/mL STPE significantly increased the tail fin area in zebrafish, and 0.8-1.6 μg/mL STPE effectively eliminated excessive ROS after UVB radiation. CONCLUSIONS STPE inhibited UVB-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine expression, and DNA condensation via the downregulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting that it prevents UVB-induced photodamage, and has potential for clinical development for skin disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Chen
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen, 361013 Fujian China
| | - Honghong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiang’an District, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Haidong Qu
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
| | - Kun Qiao
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen, 361013 Fujian China
| | - Min Xu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen, 361013 Fujian China
| | - Jingna Wu
- Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361023 Fujian China
| | - Yongchang Su
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen, 361013 Fujian China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiang’an District, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen, 361013 Fujian China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Road, Xiang’an District, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Besednova NN, Andryukov BG, Zaporozhets TS, Kuznetsova TA, Kryzhanovsky SP, Ermakova SP, Galkina IV, Shchelkanov MY. Molecular Targets of Brown Algae Phlorotannins for the Therapy of Inflammatory Processes of Various Origins. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:243. [PMID: 35447916 PMCID: PMC9025421 DOI: 10.3390/md20040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory reactions are part of a complex biological response that plays a vital role in the appearance of various stimuli resulting from tissue and cell damage, the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, and the formation of the subsequent adaptive immune response. The production of many triggers and mediators of inflammation, which are inducers of pro-inflammatory factors, is controlled by numerous differentiation programs, through which inflammation is resolved and tissue homeostasis is restored. However, prolonged inflammatory responses or dysregulation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms can lead to chronic inflammation. Modern advances in biotechnology have made it possible to characterize the anti-inflammatory activity of phlorotannins, polyphenolic compounds from brown seaweed, and the mechanisms by which they modulate the inflammatory response. The purpose of this review is to analyze and summarize the results of numerous experimental in vitro and in vivo studies, illustrating the regulatory mechanisms of these compounds, which have a wide range of biological effects on the body. The results of these studies and the need for further research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalya N. Besednova
- Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology by Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Boris G. Andryukov
- Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology by Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (M.Y.S.)
- School of Medicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Tatyana S. Zaporozhets
- Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology by Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Tatyana A. Kuznetsova
- Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology by Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Sergey P. Kryzhanovsky
- Medical Association of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Svetlana P. Ermakova
- Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Irina V. Galkina
- School of Medicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Mikhail Yu. Shchelkanov
- Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology by Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (M.Y.S.)
- School of Medicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
- Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center, Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bai Y, Chen X, Qi H. Characterization and bioactivity of phlorotannin loaded protein-polysaccharide nanocomplexes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
11
|
Wang H, Yang L, Chao J. Antiosteoporosis and bone protective effect of dieckol against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:932488. [PMID: 36060953 PMCID: PMC9437630 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.932488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids (GCs) induce osteoporosis, which results in fractures in the bond, causing significant morbidity. In the conducted study, we examined the antiosteoporosis effect of dieckol against GC-induced osteoporosis in rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used for the current study and dexamethasone (2.5 mg/kg) induced osteoporosis in the rats that received the dieckol (test) and alendronate (standard) for 20 weeks. Bone turnover parameters, microCT, antioxidant, inflammatory cytokines, nutrient, and hormones parameters. RESULTS Dieckol noticeably suppressed the body weight and boosted the uterine and vagina weight. Dieckol considerably altered the level of trabecular number (Tb. N), the bone volume to total volume (BV/TV), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), bone surface to bone volume (BS/BV), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th). Dieckol noticeably (P < 0.001) elevated the level of osteocalcin (OC) and alleviated the level of bone Gla protein (BGP), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and β-CTx. Dieckol markedly boosted the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and suppressed the level of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) along with the suppression of inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Dieckol remarkably increased the level of calcium, potassium, magnesium, and 25 (OH) vitamin D. Dieckol substantially (P < 0.001) boosted the level of estradiol and alleviated the level of parathyroid hormone and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Dieckol also suppressed the level of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and boosted the level of osteoprotegerin (OPG). CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that dieckol demonstrated the anti-osteoporosis effect against GC-induced osteoporosis in rats.
Collapse
|
12
|
Okeke ES, Nweze EJ, Chibuogwu CC, Anaduaka EG, Chukwudozie KI, Ezeorba TPC. Aquatic Phlorotannins and Human Health: Bioavailability, Toxicity, and Future Prospects. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211056144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal chemists and pharmacognosists have relied on terrestrial sources for bioactive phytochemicals to manage and treat disease conditions. However, minimal interest is given to sea life, especially macroalgae and their inherent phytochemical reserves. Phlorotannins are a special class of phytochemicals mainly predominant in brown algae of marine and estuarine habitats. Phlorotannins are formed through the polymerization of phloroglucinol residues and derivatives via the polyketide (acetate–malonate) pathway. Studies over the past decades have implicated phlorotannins with several bioactivities, including anti-herbivory, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-proliferative, anti-diabetic, radio-protective, adipogenic, anti-allergic, and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) properties. All these activities are reflected in their applications as nutraceuticals and cosmeceutical agents. This article reviews the chemical composition of phlorotannins, their biological roles, and their applications. Moreover, very few studies on phlorotannin bioavailability, safety, and toxicity have been thoroughly reviewed. The paper concludes by suggesting exciting research questions for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, P.R. China
- Organization of African Academic Doctor, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ekene John Nweze
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mentha arvensis Essential Oil Exerts Anti-Inflammatory in LPS-Stimulated Inflammatory Responses via Inhibition of ERK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Anti-Atopic Dermatitis-like Effects in 2,4-Dinitrochlorobezene-Induced BALB/c Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121941. [PMID: 34943044 PMCID: PMC8750489 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of atopic dermatitis (AD) is modulated by the release of cytokines and chemokines through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Topical steroids are used to treat AD, but some people need safer anti-inflammatory drugs to avoid side effects. Mentha arvensis has been used as a herbal plant with medicinal properties, but its anti-inflammatory effects have not been elucidated in an AD model. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of M. arvensis essential oil (MAEO) and its underlying molecular mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and HaCaT cells (human epidermal keratinocyte). Additionally, we examined the ameliorating effects of the MAEO in a dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced murine model of AD. We found, in both RAW 264.7 cells and HaCaT cells, MAEO inhibited LPS-stimulated inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 and proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-6, due to the suppression of COX-2 and iNOS expression. In LPS-stimulated macrophages, we also observed that MAEO inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and P65. Furthermore, MAEO treatment attenuated AD symptoms, including the dermatitis score, ear thickness, epidermal thickness and infiltration of mast cells, in a DNCB-induced animal model of AD. Overall, our findings suggest that MAEO exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-atopic dermatitis effects via inhibition of the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
14
|
Meng W, Mu T, Sun H, Garcia-Vaquero M. Phlorotannins: A review of extraction methods, structural characteristics, bioactivities, bioavailability, and future trends. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
15
|
Nuciferine, an active ingredient derived from lotus leaf, lights up the way for the potential treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106002. [PMID: 34826599 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, is an increasingly global public health problem associated complications. However, the proven anti-obesity agents are inefficient with adverse side effects; hence attention is being paid to novel drugs from natural resources to manage obesity and obesity-related diseases. Nuciferine (NF) is a high-quality aporphine alkaloid present in lotus leaf. Unlike the chemical drugs, NF elicits anti-obesity, anti-dyslipidemia, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypouricemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects, and affinity to neural receptors, and protection against obesity-related diseases. The underlying mechanism of NF includes the regulation of targeted molecules and pathways related to metabolism, inflammation, and cancer and modulation of Ca2+ flux, gut microbiota, and ferroptosis. Besides, the clinical application, availability, pharmacokinetics, pharmaceutics, and security of NF have been established, highlighting the potential of developing NF as an anti-obesity agent. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive summarization, which sheds light on future research in NF.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim TH, Heo SY, Oh GW, Park WS, Choi IW, Kang HW, Kim HW, Kim YM, Jo SH, Park SH, Jung WK. A phlorotannins-loaded homogeneous acellular matrix film modulates post-implantation inflammatory responses. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 16:51-62. [PMID: 34687268 DOI: 10.1002/term.3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Peritendinous adhesion mainly occurs between proliferating fibrous tissues and adjacent normal organs after surgery. Many physical barriers are applied to the implanted site to prevent peritendinous adhesion. However, these barriers often trigger inflammatory responses. Therefore, our study sought to develop phlorotannins-loaded cartilage acellular matrix (CAM) films as a physical barrier and investigate their inhibitory effect on inflammatory responses, which are associated with the induction of postoperative peritendinous adhesion (PAA). Our findings indicated that incorporating phlorotannin into the CAM film did not affect its unique characteristics including its thermal and spectroscopic properties. Moreover, the phlorotannins-loaded CAM films suppressed the expression of inflammatory mediators on RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated using Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides and exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect when implanted subcutaneously in rats. Therefore, our results highlight the potential of phlorotannins-loaded CAM films as a promising physical barrier to prevent PAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Seong-Yeong Heo
- Research Center for Marine-Integrated Bionics Technology and Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.,Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju, Korea
| | - Gun-Woo Oh
- Research Center for Marine-Integrated Bionics Technology and Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.,Research Center for Marine-Integrated Bionics Technology and Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Research Center for Marine-Integrated Bionics Technology and Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Research Center for Marine-Integrated Bionics Technology and Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung-Han Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyug Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and New-senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.,Research Center for Marine-Integrated Bionics Technology and Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim SY, Hong M, Kim TH, Lee KY, Park SJ, Hong SH, Sowndhararajan K, Kim S. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Liverwort ( Marchantia polymorpha L.) and Racomitrium Moss ( Racomitrium canescens (Hedw.) Brid.) Growing in Korea. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102075. [PMID: 34685885 PMCID: PMC8541563 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bryophytes contain a variety of bioactive metabolites, but studies about the anti-inflammatory effect of bryophytes are meager. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory effect of methanol extract of Marchantia polymorpha L. (liverwort) and Racomitrium canescens (Racomitrium moss) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HaCaT cells. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of liverwort and Racomitrium moss, the levels of nitric oxide (NO) production and the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in LPS-induced HaCaT cells were measured. The methanol extract of liverwort and Racomitrium moss significantly decreased LPS-induced NO production in HaCaT cells. When compared with Racomitrium moss extract, pre-treatment with methanol extract of liverwort markedly inhibited the expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and IL-1β at the concentration of 100 µg/mL with the exception of TNF-α. Further, liverwort extract markedly attenuated the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the culture medium. In addition, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions obtained from the methanol extract of liverwort showed remarkable inhibitory activity against the production of NO in LPS-stimulated HaCaT cells. The LC-MS data revealed the presence of bisbibenzyl types of bioactive components in the methanol extract of liverwort. These data demonstrate that liverwort extract exhibits effective inhibitory activity against the production of inflammatory mediators in LPS-induced HaCaT cells and may be useful for the treatment of inflammation-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Kim
- School of Natural Resource and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (M.H.); (T.-H.K.); (K.Y.L.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Minji Hong
- School of Natural Resource and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (M.H.); (T.-H.K.); (K.Y.L.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- School of Natural Resource and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (M.H.); (T.-H.K.); (K.Y.L.); (S.J.P.)
- Agriproduct Processing Experiment Station, Gangwon-do Agriculture Research and Experiment Services, Chuncheon 24203, Korea
| | - Ki Yeon Lee
- School of Natural Resource and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (M.H.); (T.-H.K.); (K.Y.L.); (S.J.P.)
- Agriproduct Processing Experiment Station, Gangwon-do Agriculture Research and Experiment Services, Chuncheon 24203, Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resource and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (M.H.); (T.-H.K.); (K.Y.L.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Sun Hee Hong
- Department of Plant Life and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Korea;
| | - Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641029, India
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (S.K.); Tel.: +91-422-2642095 (K.S.); +82-33-250-6447 (S.K.)
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resource and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (M.H.); (T.-H.K.); (K.Y.L.); (S.J.P.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (S.K.); Tel.: +91-422-2642095 (K.S.); +82-33-250-6447 (S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oh S, Yang J, Park C, Son K, Byun K. Dieckol Attenuated Glucocorticoid-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Decreasing NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8057. [PMID: 34360821 PMCID: PMC8348567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (Dexa), frequently used as an anti-inflammatory agent, paradoxically leads to muscle inflammation and muscle atrophy. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) lead to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome formation through nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) upregulation. NLRP3 inflammasome results in pyroptosis and is associated with the Murf-1 and atrogin-1 upregulation involved in protein degradation and muscle atrophy. The effects of Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) and dieckol (DK) on attenuating Dexa-induced muscle atrophy were evaluated by decreasing NLRP3 inflammasome formation in the muscles of Dexa-treated animals. The binding of AGE or high mobility group protein 1 to RAGE or TLR4 was increased by Dexa but significantly decreased by ECE or DK. The downstream signaling pathways of RAGE (c-Jun N-terminal kinase or p38) were increased by Dexa but decreased by ECE or DK. NF-κB, downstream of RAGE or TLR4, was increased by Dexa but decreased by ECE or DK. The NLRP3 inflammasome component (NLRP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like), cleaved caspase -1, and cleaved gasdermin D, markers of pyroptosis, were increased by Dexa but decreased by ECE and DK. Interleukin-1β/Murf-1/atrogin-1 expression was increased by Dexa but restored by ECE or DK. The mean muscle fiber cross-sectional area and grip strength were decreased by Dexa but restored by ECE or DK. In conclusion, ECE or DK attenuated Dexa-induced muscle atrophy by decreasing NLRP3 inflammasome formation and pyroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinyoung Yang
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.)
| | - Chulhyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kukhui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Catarino MD, Amarante SJ, Mateus N, Silva AMS, Cardoso SM. Brown Algae Phlorotannins: A Marine Alternative to Break the Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Cancer Network. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071478. [PMID: 34202184 PMCID: PMC8307260 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO, cancer was responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018, making it the second global leading cause of death. The main risk factors that lead to the development of this disease include poor behavioral and dietary habits, such as tobacco use, alcohol use and lack of fruit and vegetable intake, or physical inactivity. In turn, it is well known that polyphenols are deeply implicated with the lower rates of cancer in populations that consume high levels of plant derived foods. In this field, phlorotannins have been under the spotlight in recent years since they have shown exceptional bioactive properties, with great interest for application in food and pharmaceutical industries. Among their multiple bioactive properties, phlorotannins have revealed the capacity to interfere with several biochemical mechanisms that regulate oxidative stress, inflammation and tumorigenesis, which are central aspects in the pathogenesis of cancer. This versatility and ability to act either directly or indirectly at different stages and mechanisms of cancer growth make these compounds highly appealing for the development of new therapeutical strategies to address this world scourge. The present manuscript revises relevant studies focusing the effects of phlorotannins to counteract the oxidative stress-inflammation network, emphasizing their potential for application in cancer prevention and/or treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo D. Catarino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.D.C.); (S.J.A.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Sónia J. Amarante
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.D.C.); (S.J.A.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Nuno Mateus
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.D.C.); (S.J.A.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.D.C.); (S.J.A.); (A.M.S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-234-370-360; Fax: +351-234-370-084
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Oh S, Son M, Byun KA, Jang JT, Choi CH, Son KH, Byun K. Attenuating Effects of Dieckol on High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Decreasing the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:318. [PMID: 34070893 PMCID: PMC8227003 DOI: 10.3390/md19060318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which promotes serious health problems, is related to the increase in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptosis by a high-fat diet (HFD). Whether dieckol (DK), a component of Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE), attenuated NAFLD in an HFD-induced NAFLD animal model was evaluated. The expression of high mobility group box 1/Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB, which initiated the NLRP3 inflammasome, was increased in the liver of HFD-fed animals and significantly decreased with ECE or DK administration. The expression of NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1, which are components of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the number of pyroptotic cells were increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The accumulation of triglycerides and free fatty acids in the liver was increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The histological NAFLD score was increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The expression of lipogenic genes (FASN, SREBP-2, PPARγ, and FABP4) increased and that of lipolytic genes (PPARα, CPT1A, ATGL, and HSL) was decreased by HFD and attenuated with ECE or DK administration. In conclusion, ECE or DK attenuated NAFLD by decreasing the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Cheomdan-ro, Jeju 63309, Korea;
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Potential Anti-Aging Substances Derived from Seaweeds. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110564. [PMID: 33218066 PMCID: PMC7698806 DOI: 10.3390/md18110564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The exact mechanisms underlying the aging process are not fully elucidated. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that several pathways, such as sirtuin, AMP-activated protein kinase, insulin-like growth factor, autophagy, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 play critical roles in regulating aging. Furthermore, genetic or dietary interventions of these pathways can extend lifespan by delaying the aging process. Seaweeds are a food source rich in many nutrients, including fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds. The health benefits of seaweeds include, but are not limited to, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obese activities. Interestingly, a body of studies shows that some seaweed-derived extracts or isolated compounds, can modulate these aging-regulating pathways or even extend lifespans of various animal models. However, few such studies have been conducted on higher animals or even humans. In this review, we focused on potential anti-aging bioactive substances in seaweeds that have been studied in cells and animals mainly based on their anti-aging cellular and molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
|
22
|
Bai Y, Sun Y, Gu Y, Zheng J, Yu C, Qi H. Preparation, Characterization and Antioxidant Activities of Kelp Phlorotannin Nanoparticles. Molecules 2020; 25:E4550. [PMID: 33027947 PMCID: PMC7582861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins are a group of major polyphenol secondary metabolites found only in brown algae and are known for their bioactivities and multiple health benefits. However, they can be oxidized due to external factors and their bioavailability is low due to their low water solubility. In this study, the potential of utilizing nanoencapsulation with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to improve various activities of phlorotannins was explored. Phlorotannins encapsulated by PVP nanoparticles (PPNPS) with different loading ratios were prepared for characterization. Then, the PPNPS were evaluated for in vitro controlled release of phlorotannin, toxicity and antioxidant activities at the ratio of phlorotannin to PVP 1:8. The results indicated that the PPNPS showed a slow and sustained kinetic release of phlorotannin in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, they were non-toxic to HaCaT keratinocytes and they could reduce the generation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, PPNPS have the potential to be a useful platform for the utilization of phlorotannin in both pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Deep Processing Technology Research Center, Dalian 116034, China; (Y.B.); (Y.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yihan Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Deep Processing Technology Research Center, Dalian 116034, China; (Y.B.); (Y.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yue Gu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Deep Processing Technology Research Center, Dalian 116034, China; (Y.B.); (Y.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Jie Zheng
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Chenxu Yu
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Hang Qi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Deep Processing Technology Research Center, Dalian 116034, China; (Y.B.); (Y.S.); (Y.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Catarino MD, Silva A, Cruz MT, Mateus N, Silva AM, Cardoso SM. Phlorotannins from Fucus vesiculosus: Modulation of Inflammatory Response by Blocking NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6897. [PMID: 32962250 PMCID: PMC7554702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their large spectrum of bioactive properties, much attention has recently been drawn to phlorotannins-i.e., phenolic compounds characteristic from brown macroalgae. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of F. vesiculosus phlorotannin extracts and purified fractions. Overall, the crude extract and its ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc) showed good radical scavenging activity, particularly towards nitric oxide (NO•). Subsequent subfractions of EtOAc (F1 to F9) with different molecular weights were then shown to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced NO• production in macrophages, with stronger effects being observed for fractions of lower MWs. Of the three intracellular markers analyzed, inducible NO• synthase showed the highest sensitivity to almost all the phlorotannin-rich samples, followed by interleukin 1β and cyclooxygenase 2, which was only inhibited by F2. Furthermore, this subfraction inhibited the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory protein κBα, thus preventing the activation of NF-κB and blocking the inflammatory cascade at the transcriptional level. This sample was characterized by the presence of a major compound with a deprotonated molecular ion at m/z 507 with a fragmentation pattern coherent with that of a phlorotannin derivative. Overall, this work unveiled some of the mechanistic aspects behind the anti-inflammatory capacity of phlorotannins from F. vesiculosus, endorsing its use as a possible natural source of anti-inflammatory compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo D. Catarino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.D.C.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Ana Silva
- CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Maria T. Cruz
- CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Nuno Mateus
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Artur M.S. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.D.C.); (A.M.S.S.)
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.D.C.); (A.M.S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cassani L, Gomez-Zavaglia A, Jimenez-Lopez C, Lourenço-Lopes C, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J. Seaweed-based natural ingredients: Stability of phlorotannins during extraction, storage, passage through the gastrointestinal tract and potential incorporation into functional foods. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109676. [PMID: 33233253 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adding value to seaweed by extracting their different bioactive compounds and incorporating them into foods represent an interesting and strategic approach to diversify the functional foods offer. However, once harvested, fresh seaweed must overcome a sequence of crucial steps to confer their biological activity. Pre-processing operations and extraction processes, as well as long-term storage, play important roles in improving or decreasing the phlorotannins content. In their way to the gut (biological target), phlorotannins are exposed to the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT), where the physiological pH and digestive enzymes can significantly affect the phlorotannins' stability and thus, alter their biological activity. Besides, the subsequent incorporation into foodstuffs could be limited due to sensory issues, as tannins have been associated with astringency and bitter taste, and thus effective phlorotannins doses may negatively affect the sensory attributes of foods. These drawbacks expose the need of applying smart strategies to develop a final product providing the necessary protective mechanisms to maintain the active molecular form of phlorotannins up to the consumption time, also controlling their release upon arrival to the gut. In this context, the impact of these technological processes (from pre-processing to the passage through the GIT) on phlorotannins stability, as well as the innovative developed approaches to overcome these issues will be deeply discussed in this review. Besides, recent findings related to the phlorotannins' health benefits will be pointed out. Special attention on the potential incorporation of phlorotannins into functional foods will be also put it on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cassani
- Research Group of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Mar del Plata, RA7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Andrea Gomez-Zavaglia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata), RA1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Jimenez-Lopez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Catarina Lourenço-Lopes
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Miguel A Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Allwood JW, Evans H, Austin C, McDougall GJ. Extraction, Enrichment, and LC-MS n-Based Characterization of Phlorotannins and Related Phenolics from the Brown Seaweed, Ascophyllum nodosum. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E448. [PMID: 32867333 PMCID: PMC7551814 DOI: 10.3390/md18090448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic components from the edible brown seaweed, Ascophyllum nodosum, have been associated with considerable antioxidant activity but also bioactivities related to human health. This study aims to select and identify the main phlorotannin components from this seaweed which have been previously associated with potential health benefits. Methods to enrich phenolic components then further select phlorotannin components from ethanolic extracts of Ascophyllum nodosum were applied. The composition and phenolic diversity of these extracts were defined using data dependent liquid chromatography mass spectroscopic (LC-MSn) techniques. A series of phlorotannin oligomers with apparent degree of polymerization (DP) from 10 to 31 were enriched by solid phase extraction and could be selected by fractionation on Sephadex LH-20. Evidence was also obtained for the presence of dibenzodioxin linked phlorotannins as well as sulphated phlorotannins and phenolic acids. As well as diversity in molecular size, there was evidence for potential isomers at each DP. MS2 fragmentation analyses strongly suggested that the phlorotannins contained ether linked phloroglucinol units and were most likely fucophlorethols and MS3 data suggested that the isomers may result from branching within the chain. Therefore, application of these LC-MSn techniques provided further information on the structural diversity of the phlorotannins from Ascophyllum, which could be correlated against their reported bioactivities and could be further applied to phlorotannins from different seaweed species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. William Allwood
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK; (J.W.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Huw Evans
- Byotrol Ltd., Thornton Science Park, Chester CH2 4NU, UK;
| | - Ceri Austin
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK; (J.W.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Gordon J. McDougall
- Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK; (J.W.A.); (C.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Funes SC, Rios M, Fernández-Fierro A, Covián C, Bueno SM, Riedel CA, Mackern-Oberti JP, Kalergis AM. Naturally Derived Heme-Oxygenase 1 Inducers and Their Therapeutic Application to Immune-Mediated Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1467. [PMID: 32849503 PMCID: PMC7396584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) is the primary antioxidant enzyme involved in heme group degradation. A variety of stimuli triggers the expression of the inducible HO-1 isoform, which is modulated by its substrate and cellular stressors. A major anti-inflammatory role has been assigned to the HO-1 activity. Therefore, in recent years HO-1 induction has been employed as an approach to treating several disorders displaying some immune alterations components, such as exacerbated inflammation or self-reactivity. Many natural compounds have shown to be effective inductors of HO-1 without cytotoxic effects; among them, most are chemicals present in plants used as food, flavoring, and medicine. Here we discuss some naturally derived compounds involved in HO-1 induction, their impact in the immune response modulation, and the beneficial effect in diverse autoimmune disorders. We conclude that the use of some compounds from natural sources able to induce HO-1 is an attractive lifestyle toward promoting human health. This review opens a new outlook on the investigation of naturally derived HO-1 inducers, mainly concerning autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samanta C Funes
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Rios
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ayleen Fernández-Fierro
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Covián
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Millenium Institute on Immunolgy and Immunotherapy, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Mackern-Oberti
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, IMBECU CCT Mendoza- CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang K, Kim SY, Park JH, Ahn WG, Jung SH, Oh D, Park HC, Choi C. Topical Application of Phlorotannins from Brown Seaweed Mitigates Radiation Dermatitis in a Mouse Model. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18080377. [PMID: 32707897 PMCID: PMC7460453 DOI: 10.3390/md18080377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation dermatitis (RD) is one of the most common side effects of radiotherapy; its symptoms progress from erythema to dry and moist desquamation, leading to the deterioration of the patients’ quality of life. Active metabolites in brown seaweed, including phlorotannins (PTNs), show anti-inflammatory activities; however, their medical use is limited. Here, we investigated the effects of PTNs in a mouse model of RD in vivo. X-rays (36 Gy) were delivered in three fractions to the hind legs of BALB/c mice. Macroscopic RD scoring revealed that PTNs significantly mitigated RD compared with the vehicle control. Histopathological analyses of skin tissues revealed that PTNs decreased epidermal and dermal thickness compared with the vehicle control. Western blotting indicated that PTNs augmented nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway activation but attenuated radiation-induced NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and inflammasome activation, suggesting the mitigation of acute inflammation in irradiated mouse skin. PTNs also facilitated fast recovery, as indicated by increased aquaporin 3 expression and decreased γH2AX (histone family member X) expression. Our results indicate that topical PTN application may alleviate RD symptoms by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling and by promoting the healing process. Therefore, PTNs may show great potential as cosmeceuticals for patients with cancer suffering from radiation-induced inflammatory side effects such as RD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (K.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (W.-G.A.); (S.H.J.); (D.O.)
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Shin-Yeong Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (K.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (W.-G.A.); (S.H.J.); (D.O.)
| | - Ji-Hye Park
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea;
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Won-Gyun Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (K.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (W.-G.A.); (S.H.J.); (D.O.)
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (K.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (W.-G.A.); (S.H.J.); (D.O.)
| | - Dongruyl Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (K.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (W.-G.A.); (S.H.J.); (D.O.)
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Hee Chul Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (K.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (W.-G.A.); (S.H.J.); (D.O.)
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.C.P.); (C.C.); Tel.: +82-2-3110-2605 (H.C.P.); +82-6190-5331 (C.C.)
| | - Changhoon Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (K.Y.); (S.-Y.K.); (W.-G.A.); (S.H.J.); (D.O.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.P.); (C.C.); Tel.: +82-2-3110-2605 (H.C.P.); +82-6190-5331 (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wyganowska-Swiatkowska M, Nohawica M, Grocholewicz K, Nowak G. Influence of Herbal Medicines on HMGB1 Release, SARS-CoV-2 Viral Attachment, Acute Respiratory Failure, and Sepsis. A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4639. [PMID: 32629817 PMCID: PMC7370028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By attaching to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein on lung and intestinal cells, Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) can cause respiratory and homeostatic difficulties leading to sepsis. The progression from acute respiratory failure to sepsis has been correlated with the release of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1). Lack of effective conventional treatment of this septic state has spiked an interest in alternative medicine. This review of herbal extracts has identified multiple candidates which can target the release of HMGB1 and potentially reduce mortality by preventing progression from respiratory distress to sepsis. Some of the identified mixtures have also been shown to interfere with viral attachment. Due to the wide variability in chemical superstructure of the components of assorted herbal extracts, common motifs have been identified. Looking at the most active compounds in each extract it becomes evident that as a group, phenolic compounds have a broad enzyme inhibiting function. They have been shown to act against the priming of SARS-CoV-2 attachment proteins by host and viral enzymes, and the release of HMGB1 by host immune cells. An argument for the value in a nonspecific inhibitory action has been drawn. Hopefully these findings can drive future drug development and clinical procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Wyganowska-Swiatkowska
- Chair of Department of Dental Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Michal Nohawica
- Chair of Department of Dental Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Grocholewicz
- Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Gerard Nowak
- Department of Medicinal and Cosmetic Natural Products, Poznan University of Medicinal Sciences, Mazowiecka 33, 60-623 Poznan, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu B, Lin L, Zhou F, Wang X. Precise engineering of neutrophil membrane coated with polymeric nanoparticles concurrently absorbing of proinflammatory cytokines and endotoxins for management of sepsis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:2065-2074. [PMID: 32583175 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, ensuing from unrestrained inflammatory replies to bacterial infections, endures with high injury and mortality worldwide. Presently, active sepsis management is missing in the hospitals during the surgery, and maintenance remnants mainly helpful. Now, we have constructed the macrophage bio-mimic nanoparticles for the treatment of sepsis and its management. Biomimetic macrophage nanoparticles containing a recyclable polymeric nanoparticle covered with cellular membrane resulting from macrophages (represented PEG-Mac@NPs) have an antigenic external similar to the cells. The PEG-Mac@NPs, Isorhamnetin (Iso) on the free LPS encouraged endotoxin in BALB/c mice through evaluating the nitric acid, TNF-α, and IL-6. Further, the COX-2 and iNOS expression ratio was examined to recognize the connection of several trails to find the exact mode of action PEG-Mac@NPs and Iso. The outcome reveals that the PEG-Mac@NPs inhibited and LPS triggered the NO production though the macrophages peritoneal. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory possessions were additionally categorized through the reduction of COX-2 and iNOS protein expressions. Engaging PEG-Mac@NPs as a biomimetic decontamination approach displays potential for refining sepsis patient consequences, possibly in the use of sepsis management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, No. 252, Baili East Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, No. 252, Baili East Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, No. 252, Baili East Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bioactive compounds in seaweeds: An overview of their biological properties and safety. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 135:111013. [PMID: 31794803 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds are among the significant currently exploited marine plant resources which are gaining full applications in culinary, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological processes. Much attention has been devoted to seaweeds based on their proven health benefits and is considered as a rich source of structurally different bioactive metabolites for the discovery of novel functional food-based pharmacophores/drugs. Nonetheless, there is still a dearth of updated compilation and analysis of the in-depth pharmacological activities of these compounds. This review, therefore, aims to provide a piece of up-to-date detailed information on the major compounds isolated from various seaweed species together with their in-vitro and in-vivo biological properties. These compounds were found to possess broad pharmacological properties and inhibitory enzyme activities against critical enzymes involved in the aetiology of noncommunicable diseases. However, their toxicity, clinical efficacy, mechanisms of action, and interaction with conventional foods, are still less explored and require more attention in future studies.
Collapse
|
31
|
Son M, Oh S, Lee HS, Chung DM, Jang JT, Jeon YJ, Choi CH, Park KY, Son KH, Byun K. Ecklonia Cava Extract Attenuates Endothelial Cell Dysfunction by Modulation of Inflammation and Brown Adipocyte Function in Perivascular Fat Tissue. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2795. [PMID: 31731817 PMCID: PMC6893767 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that perivascular fat tissue (PVAT) dysfunction can induce endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, an event which is related with various cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we evaluated whether Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) and pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB), one component of ECE, could attenuate EC dysfunction by modulating diet-induced PVAT dysfunction mediated by inflammation and ER stress. A high fat diet (HFD) led to an increase in the number and size of white adipocytes in PVAT; PPB and ECE attenuated those increases. Additionally, ECE and PPB attenuated: (i) an increase in the number of M1 macrophages and the expression level of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), both of which are related to increases in macrophage infiltration and induction of inflammation in PVAT, and (ii) the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6, chemerin) in PVAT which led to vasoconstriction. Furthermore, ECE and PPB: (i) enhanced the expression of adiponectin and IL-10 which had anti-inflammatory and vasodilator effects, (ii) decreased HFD-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and (iii) attenuated the ER stress mediated reduction in sirtuin type 1 (Sirt1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression. Protective effects against decreased Sirt1 and PPARγ expression led to the restoration of uncoupling protein -1 (UCP-1) expression and the browning process in PVAT. PPB or ECE attenuated endothelial dysfunction by enhancing the pAMPK-PI3K-peNOS pathway and reducing the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1). In conclusion, PPB and ECE attenuated PVAT dysfunction and subsequent endothelial dysfunction by: (i) decreasing inflammation and ER stress, and (ii) modulating brown adipocyte function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Dong-Min Chung
- Shinwoo cooperation. Ltd. 991, Worasan-ro, Munsan-eup, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52839, Korea;
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Cheomdan-ro, Jeju 63309, Korea;
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (C.H.C.); (K.Y.P.)
| | - Kook Yang Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (C.H.C.); (K.Y.P.)
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (C.H.C.); (K.Y.P.)
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (H.S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Son M, Oh S, Choi CH, Park KY, Son KH, Byun K. Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6-Bieckol from Ecklonia cava Attenuates Tubular Epithelial Cell (TCMK-1) Death in Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E602. [PMID: 31652920 PMCID: PMC6891818 DOI: 10.3390/md17110602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury causes serious complications after the blood supply to the kidney is stopped during surgery. The main mechanism of I/R injury is the release of high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) from injured tubular epithelial cells (TEC, TCMK-1 cell), which triggers TLR4 or RAGE signaling, leading to cell death. We evaluated whether the extracts of Ecklonia cava (E. cava) would attenuate TEC death induced by H/R injury. We also evaluated which phlorotannin-dieckol (DK), phlorofucofuroeckol A (PFFA), pyrogallol phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB), or 2,7-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PHB)-would have the most potent effect in the context of H/R injury. We used for pre-hypoxia treatment, in which the phlorotannins from E. cava extracts were added before the onset of hypoxia, and a post- hypoxia treatment, in which the phlorotannins were added before the start of reperfusion. PPB most effectively reduced HMGB1 release and the expression of TLR4 and RAGE induced by H/R injury in both pre- and post-hypoxia treatment. PPB also most effectively inhibited the expression of NF-kB and release of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in both models. PPB most effectively inhibited cell death and expression of cell death signaling molecules such as Erk/pErk, JNK/pJNK, and p38/pp38. These results suggest that PPB blocks the HGMB1-TLR4/RAGE signaling pathway and decreases TEC death induced by H/R and that PPB can be a novel target for renal H/R injury therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Kook Yang Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Parveen N, Ali SA, Ali AS. Insights Into the Explication of Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitors with Reference to Computational Studies. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180803111021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Pigment melanin has primarily a photo defensive role in human skin, its
unnecessary production and irregular distribution can cause uneven skin tone ultimately results in
hyper pigmentation. Melanin biosynthesis is initiated by tyrosine oxidation through tyrosinase, the
key enzyme for melanogenesis. Not only in humans, tyrosinase is also widely distributed in plants
and liable for browning of vegetables and fruits. Search for the inhibitors of tyrosinase have been
an important target to facilitate development of therapies for the prevention of hyperpigmentary
disorders and an undesired browning of vegetables and fruits.
Methods:
Different natural and synthetic chemical compounds have been tested as potential tyrosinase
inhibitors, but the mechanism of inhibition is not known, and the quest for information regarding
interaction between tyrosinase and its inhibitors is one of the recent areas of research. Computer
based methods hence are useful to overcome such issues. Successful utilization of in silico tools
like molecular docking simulations make it possible to interpret the tyrosinase and its inhibitor’s
intermolecular interactions and helps in identification and development of new and potent tyrosinase
inhibitors.
Results:
The present review has pointed out the prominent role of computer aided approaches for
the explication of promising tyrosinase inhibitors with a focus on molecular docking approach.
Highlighting certain examples of natural compounds whose antityrosinase effects has been evaluated
using computational simulations.
Conclusion:
The investigation of new and potent inhibitors of tyrosinase using computational
chemistry and bioinformatics will ultimately help millions of peoples to get rid of hyperpigmentary
disorders as well as browning of fruits and vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naima Parveen
- Department of Biotechnology and Zoology, Saifia College of Science, Bhopal 462001, India
| | - Sharique Akhtar Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Zoology, Saifia College of Science, Bhopal 462001, India
| | - Ayesha Sharique Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Zoology, Saifia College of Science, Bhopal 462001, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Oh S, Son M, Choi J, Choi CH, Park KY, Son KH, Byun K. Phlorotannins from Ecklonia cava Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Leptin Resistance in Hypothalamic Neurons. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E570. [PMID: 31600939 PMCID: PMC6835517 DOI: 10.3390/md17100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin resistance in the hypothalamus has an essential role in obesity. Saturated fatty acids such as palmitate bind to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and lead to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and leptin resistance. In this study, we evaluated whether extracts of Ecklonia cava would attenuate the ER stress induced by palmitate and reduce leptin resistance in hypothalamic neurons and microglia. We added palmitate to these cells to mimic the environment induced by high-fat diet in the hypothalamus and evaluated which of the E. cava phlorotannins-dieckol (DK), 2,7-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PHB), pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB), or phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFFA)-had the most potent effect on attenuating leptin resistance. TLR4 and NF-κB expression induced by palmitate was attenuated most effectively by PPB in both hypothalamic neurons and microglia. ER stress markers were increased by palmitate and were attenuated by PPB in both hypothalamic neurons and microglia. Leptin resistance, which was evaluated as an increase in SOCS3 and a decrease in STAT3 with leptin receptor expression, was increased by palmitate and was decreased by PPB in hypothalamic neurons. The culture medium from palmitate-treated microglia increased leptin resistance in hypothalamic neurons and this resistance was attenuated by PPB. In conclusion, PPB attenuated leptin resistance by decreasing ER stress in both hypothalamic neurons and microglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Junwon Choi
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Kook Yang Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim JH, Lee S, Park S, Park JS, Kim YH, Yang SY. Slow-Binding Inhibition of Tyrosinase by Ecklonia cava Phlorotannins. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E359. [PMID: 31208149 PMCID: PMC6627058 DOI: 10.3390/md17060359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase inhibitors improve skin whitening by inhibiting the formation of melanin precursors in the skin. The inhibitory activity of seven phlorotannins (1-7), triphlorethol A (1), eckol (2), 2-phloroeckol (3), phlorofucofuroeckol A (4), 2-O-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-6,6'-bieckol (5), 6,8'-bieckol (6), and 8,8'-bieckol (7), from Ecklonia cava was tested against tyrosinase, which converts tyrosine into dihydroxyphenylalanine. Compounds 3 and 5 had IC50 values of 7.0 ± 0.2 and 8.8 ± 0.1 μM, respectively, in competitive mode, with Ki values of 8.2 ± 1.1 and 5.8 ± 0.8 μM. Both compounds showed the characteristics of slow-binding inhibitors over the time course of the enzyme reaction. Compound 3 had a single-step binding mechanism and compound 5 a two-step-binding mechanism. With stable AutoDock scores of -6.59 and -6.68 kcal/mol, respectively, compounds 3 and 5 both interacted with His85 and Asn260 at the active site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jang Hoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, A-1805, U-TOWER, 767, Sinsu-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16827, Korea.
| | - Sunggun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Saerom Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Ji Soo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Seo Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Barbosa M, Lopes G, Andrade PB, Valentão P. Bioprospecting of brown seaweeds for biotechnological applications: Phlorotannin actions in inflammation and allergy network. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
37
|
Abstract
Natural marine-derived compounds show excellent biological activities. Isolation, characterization and applications of marine derived compounds show a promising way to develop novel drugs to treat various diseases. Phlorotannins are one of the main compounds which are commonly isolated from the brown seaweeds. The structural unit of phlorotannins is made-up of polyphenolic units. Due to the unique structures, phlorotannins show a variety of biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antitumor, antidiabetics, radio protective, antiadipogenic, and anti-allergic effects. In the current chapter, we have discussed general information on phlorotannins, extraction procedure and their biological activities in detail. From the scientific literature, phlorotannins can be potentially useful in the development of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals.
Collapse
|
38
|
Lee S, Youn K, Kim DH, Ahn MR, Yoon E, Kim OY, Jun M. Anti-Neuroinflammatory Property of Phlorotannins from Ecklonia cava on Aβ 25-35-Induced Damage in PC12 Cells. Mar Drugs 2018; 17:E7. [PMID: 30583515 PMCID: PMC6356621 DOI: 10.3390/md17010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) and progressive loss of neurons. Therefore, the inhibition of Aβ-induced neurotoxicity is a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD. Ecklonia cava is an edible brown seaweed, which has been recognized as a rich source of bioactive derivatives, mainly phlorotannins. In this study, phlorotannins including eckol, dieckol, 8,8'-bieckol were used as potential neuroprotective candidates for their anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects against Aβ25-35-induced damage in PC12 cells. Among the tested compounds, dieckol showed the highest effect in both suppressing intracellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of caspase family. Three phlorotannins were found to inhibit TNF-α, IL-1β and PGE₂ production at the protein levels. These result showed that the anti-inflammatory properties of our compounds are related to the down-regulation of proinflammatory enzymes, iNOS and COX-2, through the negative regulation of the NF-κB pathway in Aβ25-35-stimulated PC12 cells. Especially, dieckol showed the strong anti-inflammatory effects via suppression of p38, ERK and JNK. However, 8,8'-bieckol markedly decreased the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK and eckol suppressed the activation of p38. Therefore, the results of this study indicated that dieckol from E. cava might be applied as a drug candidate for the development of new generation therapeutic agents against AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungeun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Kumju Youn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Mok-Ryeon Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Eunju Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Oh-Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
- Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Baldrick FR, McFadden K, Ibars M, Sung C, Moffatt T, Megarry K, Thomas K, Mitchell P, Wallace JMW, Pourshahidi LK, Ternan NG, Corona G, Spencer J, Yaqoob P, Hotchkiss S, Campbell R, Moreno-Rojas JM, Cuevas FJ, Pereira-Caro G, Rowland I, Gill CIR. Impact of a (poly)phenol-rich extract from the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum on DNA damage and antioxidant activity in an overweight or obese population: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:688-700. [PMID: 30321272 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic evidence suggests that a diet rich in (poly)phenols has beneficial effects on many chronic diseases. Brown seaweed is a rich source of (poly)phenols. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the bioavailability and effect of a brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) (poly)phenol extract on DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation in vivo. Design A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted in 80 participants aged 30-65 y with a body mass index (in kg/m2) ≥25. The participants consumed either a 400-mg capsule containing 100 mg seaweed (poly)phenol and 300 mg maltodextrin or a 400-mg maltodextrin placebo control capsule daily for an 8-wk period. Bioactivity was assessed with a panel of blood-based markers including lymphocyte DNA damage, plasma oxidant capacity, C-reactive protein (CRP), and inflammatory cytokines. To explore the bioavailability of seaweed phenolics, an untargeted metabolomics analysis of urine and plasma samples after seaweed consumption was determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results Consumption of the seaweed (poly)phenols resulted in a modest decrease in DNA damage but only in a subset of the total population who were obese. There were no significant changes in CRP, antioxidant status, or inflammatory cytokines. We identified phlorotannin metabolites that are considered potential biomarkers of seaweed consumption including pyrogallol/phloroglucinol-sulfate, hydroxytrifurahol A-glucuronide, dioxinodehydroeckol-glucuronide, diphlorethol sulfates, C-O-C dimer of phloroglucinol sulfate, and C-O-C dimer of phloroglucinol. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first comprehensive study investigating the bioactivity and bioavailability of seaweed (poly)phenolics in human participants. We identified several potential biomarkers of seaweed consumption. Intriguingly, the modest improvements in DNA damage were observed only in the obese subset of the total population. The subgroup analysis should be considered exploratory because it was not preplanned; therefore, it was not powered adequately. Elucidation of the biology underpinning this observation will require participant stratification according to weight in future studies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02295878.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francina R Baldrick
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin McFadden
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Ibars
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Sung
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya Moffatt
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Megarry
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Mitchell
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Julie M W Wallace
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel G Ternan
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Corona
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Spencer
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Parveen Yaqoob
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Hotchkiss
- CyberColloids Ltd., Carrigaline Industrial Estate, Carrigaline, Ireland
| | - Ross Campbell
- CyberColloids Ltd., Carrigaline Industrial Estate, Carrigaline, Ireland
| | | | | | - Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Food Science and Health, IFAPA-Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ian Rowland
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Chris I R Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sugiura Y, Usui M, Katsuzaki H, Imai K, Kakinuma M, Amano H, Miyata M. Orally Administered Phlorotannins from Eisenia arborea Suppress Chemical Mediator Release and Cyclooxygenase-2 Signaling to Alleviate Mouse Ear Swelling. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E267. [PMID: 30072652 PMCID: PMC6117712 DOI: 10.3390/md16080267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannin is the collective term for polyphenols derived from brown algae belonging to the genera Ascopyllum, Ecklonia, Eisenia, Fucus and Sargassum etc. Since the incidence of allergies is currently increasing in the world, there is a focus on phlorotannins having anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, six purified phlorotannins (eckol; 6,6'-bieckol; 6,8'-bieckol; 8,8'-bieckol; phlorofucofuroeckol (PFF)-A and PFF-B) from Eisenia arborea, orally administered to mice, were examined for their suppression effects on ear swelling. In considering the suppression, we also examined whether the phlorotannins suppressed release of chemical mediators (histamine, leukotriene B₄ and prostaglandin E₂), and mRNA expression and/or the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), using RBL-2H3 cells, a cultured mast cell model. Results showed that the phlorotnannins exhibited suppression effects in all experiments, with 6,8'-bieckol, 8,8'-bieckol and PFF-A showing the strongest of these effects. In conclusion, orally administered phlorotannins suppress mouse ear swelling, and this mechanism apparently involves suppression of chemical mediator release and COX-2 mRNA expression or activity. This is the first report of the anti-allergic effects of the orally administered purified phlorotannins in vivo. Phlorotannins show potential for use in functional foods or drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Sugiura
- Laboratory of Food Function and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki 759-6595, Japan.
| | - Masakatsu Usui
- Laboratory of Food Function and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki 759-6595, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Katsuzaki
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Kunio Imai
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Makoto Kakinuma
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Hideomi Amano
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Miyata
- Laboratory of Food Function and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki 759-6595, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Effect of phlorotannins on myofibroblast differentiation and ECM protein expression in transforming growth factor β1‑induced nasal polyp‑derived fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2213-2220. [PMID: 30015862 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins (PTNs), a group of phenolic compounds from seaweeds, have diverse bioactivities. However, there has been no report on their antifibrotic effects during nasal polyp (NP) formation. In the present study, the effect of PTNs on transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1‑induced profibrotic responses in nasal polyp‑derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) were determined and the relevant signaling pathways were investigated. The expression levels of collagen type‑1 (Col‑1) and fibronectin in NP tissues were measured by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The NPDFs were treated with TGF‑β1 (1 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of PTNs (5‑30 µg/ml). The expression levels of α‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA), Col‑1, fibronectin, and phosphorylated‑small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad)2/3 in NPDFs were measured by western blot analysis. The contractile activity of the NPDFs was determined by a collagen gel contraction assay. Col‑1 and fibronectin proteins were found to be expressed in NP tissues. PTNs had no significant cytotoxic effect on TGF‑β1‑induced NPDFs. TGF‑β1 induced the expression α‑SMA, Col‑1 and fibronectin, and stimulated fibroblast‑mediated contraction of collagen gel. However, pre‑treatment with PTNs inhibited the expression of these proteins. The inhibitory effects were mediated through the suppression of Smad2/3 signaling pathways in TGF‑β1‑induced NPDFs. These resulted suggested that PTNs may be important in inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix protein accumulation in NP formation through the Smad2/3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang J, Zheng J, Huang C, Zhao J, Lin J, Zhou X, Naman CB, Wang N, Gerwick WH, Wang Q, Yan X, Cui W, He S. Eckmaxol, a Phlorotannin Extracted from Ecklonia maxima, Produces Anti-β-amyloid Oligomer Neuroprotective Effects Possibly via Directly Acting on Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1349-1356. [PMID: 29608860 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that mainly affects the elderly. Soluble β-amyloid oligomer, which can induce neurotoxicity, is generally regarded as the main neurotoxin in Alzheimer's disease. Here we report that eckmaxol, a phlorotannin extracted from the brown alga Ecklonia maxima, could produce neuroprotective effects in SH-SY5Y cells. Eckmaxol effectively prevented but did not rescue β-amyloid oligomer-induced neuronal apoptosis and increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Eckmaxol also significantly reversed the decreased expression of phospho-Ser9-glycogen synthase kinase 3β and increased expression of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase, which was induced by Aβ oligomer. Moreover, both glycogen synthase kinase 3β and mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitors produced neuroprotective effects in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, eckmaxol showed favorable interaction in the ATP binding site of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and mitogen activated protein kinase. These results suggested that eckmaxol might produce neuroprotective effects via concurrent inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways, possibly via directly acting on glycogen synthase kinase 3β and mitogen activated protein kinase. Based on the central role that β-amyloid oligomers play in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and the high annual production of Ecklonia maxima for alginate and other nutritional ingredients, this report represents a new candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and also expands the potential application of Ecklonia maxima and its constituents in the field of pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Wang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiachen Zheng
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chunhui Huang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiaying Zhao
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xuezhen Zhou
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - C. Benjamin Naman
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Qinwen Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shan He
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Deng HF, Wang S, Li L, Zhou Q, Guo WB, Wang XL, Liu MD, Liu K, Xiao XZ. Puerarin prevents vascular endothelial injury through suppression of NF-κB activation in LPS-challenged human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:261-267. [PMID: 29775893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we aimed to explore the effects of puerarin on vascular endothelial cell injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The cell viability and morphological changes were assessed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and 4´,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, respectively. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), monocyte/macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-8, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), thrombomodulin (TM) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in cell culture supernatant were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The neutrophils adhesion to endothelial cells were examined by myeloperoxidase activity assay. The nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) was assessed by immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS Compared with the control group, LPS challenge significantly injured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-8, ICAM-1, TM and PAI-1 in the cell culture supernatants. The neutrophils adhesion to endothelial cells were significantly increased in LPS-challenged HUVECs. Moreover, LPS challenge increased the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. However, puerarin pre-treatment attenuated the vascular endothelial injury and reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-8, ICAM-1, TM and PAI-1 in cell supernatants of LPS-challenged HUVECs. In addition, the neutrophils adhesion to HUVECs induced by LPS were also decreased by puerarin pre-treatment. Furthermore, puerarin pre-treatment reduced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 elicited by LPS. CONCLUSIONS Puerarin prevented LPS-induced vascular endothelial injury, the mechanism of which might be related to the suppression of NF-κB activation and subsequently altered levels of inflammatory factors and coagulation-related factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Fei Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, 423000, PR China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China.
| | - Sha Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, 423000, PR China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, 423000, PR China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, 423000, PR China
| | - Wan-Bei Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, 423000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China
| | - Mei-Dong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China
| | - Xian-Zhong Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wu H, Jiang K, Guo S, Yang J, Zhao G, Qiu C, Deng G. IFN-τ Mediated Control of Bovine Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Expression and Function via the Regulation of bta-miR-148b/152 in Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:167. [PMID: 29456541 PMCID: PMC5801426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN-τ, a type I interferon produced by the trophoblasts of ruminants, has various important immune functions, including effects on the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC-I). A previous study has reported that IFN-τ promotes the expression of MHC-I molecules on endometrial cells. However, the immunological mechanisms by which IFN-τ regulates MHC-I molecules remain unknown. Here, we investigated which microRNA (miRNAs) may be involved in the regulation of MHC-I molecule expression and function in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs). By using TargetScan 6.2 and http://www.microRNA.org, two miRNAs were suggested to target the 3'UTR of the bovine MHC-I heavy chain: bta-miR-148b and bta-miR-152. Dual luciferase reporter and miRNA mimic/inhibitor assays suggested that bta-miR-148b/152 were negatively correlated with bovine MHC-I heavy chain genes. The function of the MHC-I heavy chain was then investigated using qRT-PCR, ELISA, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and RNA interference assays in primary bEECs and an endometrial epithelial cell line (BEND). The results demonstrated that bta-miR-148b/152 could promote TLR4-triggered inflammatory responses by targeting the bovine MHC-I heavy chain, and the MHC-I molecule negatively regulated TLR4-induced inflammatory reactions may through the Fps-SHP-2 pathway. Our discovery offers novel insight into negative regulation of the TLR4 pathway and elucidates the mechanism by which bovine MHC-I molecules control congenital inflammatory reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abdelhamid A, Jouini M, Bel Haj Amor H, Mzoughi Z, Dridi M, Ben Said R, Bouraoui A. Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antinociceptive Potential of Phlorotannin-Rich Fractions from Three Mediterranean Brown Seaweeds. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:60-74. [PMID: 29344826 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-017-9787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phlorotannins, phenolic compounds produced exclusively by seaweeds, have been reported to possess various pharmacological properties. However, there have been few works on these compounds from Mediterranean seaweeds. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical analysis and pharmacological potential of phlorotannin-rich fractions from three brown seaweeds collected along the Tunisia coast: Cystoseira sedoides (PHT-SED), Cladostephus spongeosis (PHT-CLAD), and Padina pavonica (PHT-PAD). Phytochemical determinations showed considerable differences in total phenolic content (TPC) and phlorotannin content (PHT). The highest TPC level (26.45 mg PGE/g dry material (Dm)) and PHT level (873.14 μg PGE/g Dm) were observed in C. sedoides. The antioxidant properties of these three fractions assessed by three different methods indicated that C. sedoides displayed the highest total antioxidant activity among the three species (71.30 mg GAE/g Dm), as well as the free radical scavenging activity with the lowest IC50 value in both DPPH (27.7 μg/mL) and ABTS (19.1 μg/mL) assays. Furthermore, the pharmacological screening of the anti-inflammatory potential of these fractions using in vivo models, in comparison to reference drugs, established a remarkable activity of PHT-SED at the dose of 100 mg/kg; the inhibition percentages of ear edema in mice model and paw edema in rats model were of 82.55 and 81.08%, respectively. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissues has been quantified, and PHT-SED was found to remarkably increase the lipid peroxidation in rat liver tissues. In addition, in two pain mice models, PHT-SED displayed a profound antinociceptive activity at 100 mg/kg and has proved a better analgesic activity when used in combination with the opioid drug, tramadol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Abdelhamid
- Laboratory of Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacological Development of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Meriem Jouini
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity, Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Team, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Bel Haj Amor
- Laboratory of Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacological Development of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Zeineb Mzoughi
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Dridi
- Laboratory of Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacological Development of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rafik Ben Said
- National Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies, Salambôo, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abderrahman Bouraoui
- Laboratory of Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacological Development of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wu H, Yang Y, Guo S, Yang J, Jiang K, Zhao G, Qiu C, Deng G. Nuciferine Ameliorates Inflammatory Responses by Inhibiting the TLR4-Mediated Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:939. [PMID: 29311940 PMCID: PMC5742629 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex syndrome with sepsis occurring in critical patients, who usually lack effective therapy. Nuciferine is a primary bioactive component extracted from the lotus leaf, and it displays extensive pharmacological functions, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, the effects of nuciferine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated ALI in mice has not been investigated. ALI of mice stimulated by LPS was used to determine the anti-inflammatory function of nuciferine. The molecular mechanism of nuciferine was performed on RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The results of pathological section, myeloperoxidase activity and lung wet/dry ratio showed that nuciferine alleviated LPS-induced lung injury (p < 0.05). qRT-PCR and ELISA experiments suggested that nuciferine inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β secretion in tissues and RAW264.7 cells but increased IL-10 secretion (p < 0.05). Molecular studies showed that TLR4 expression and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation were both inhibited by nuciferine treatment (p < 0.05). To further investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of nuciferine, TLR4 was knocked down. When TLR4 was silenced, LPS induced the production of IL-1β, and TNF-α was markedly decreased by TLR4-siRNA and nuciferine treatment in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells (p < 0.05). These results suggested that nuciferine had the ability to protect against LPS-stimulated ALI. Thus, nuciferine may be a potential drug for treating LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Barbosa M, Lopes G, Ferreres F, Andrade PB, Pereira DM, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Valentão P. Phlorotannin extracts from Fucales: Marine polyphenols as bioregulators engaged in inflammation-related mediators and enzymes. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
48
|
Koirala P, Jung HA, Choi JS. Recent advances in pharmacological research on Ecklonia species: a review. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:981-1005. [PMID: 28840539 PMCID: PMC7090987 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The genus Ecklonia (Lessoniaceae, Phaeophyceae), commonly called kelp (brown algae), is abundant on the coasts of Japan and Korea. During the past few decades, Ecklonia species have received tremendous attention for their wide range of therapeutic properties and multiple health benefits, such as great nutritional value and being rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, proteins, and polysaccharides. Several novel functional ingredients with diversified biological activities have been isolated and possess antimicrobial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant therapeutic properties. The present review discusses the phytochemical, pharmacological, therapeutic, nutritional, and health benefits of different species of genus Ecklonia, as well as their use in the prevention of disease and maintenance of good health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashamsa Koirala
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kim IH, Nam TJ. Enzyme-treated Ecklonia cava extract inhibits adipogenesis through the downregulation of C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:636-644. [PMID: 28204815 PMCID: PMC5360387 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of enzyme- treated Ecklonia cava (EEc) extract on the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The components of Ecklonia cava (E. cava) were first separated and purified using the digestive enzymes pectinase (Rapidase® X‑Press L) and cellulase (Rohament® CL). We found that the EEc extract contained three distinct phlorotannins: eckol, dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-A. Among the phlorotannins, dieckol was the most abundant in the EEc extract at 16 mg/g. Then we examined the inhibitory effects of EEc extract treatment on differentiation‑related transcription factors and on adipogenesis‑related gene expression in vitro using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3‑L1 pre‑adipocytes were used to determine the concentrations of the EEc extract and Garcinia cambogia (Gar) extract that did not result in cytotoxicity. Glucose utilization and triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the EEc‑treated adipocytes were similarly inhibited by 50 µg/ml EEc and 200 µg/ml Gar, and these results were confirmed by Oil Red O staining. Protein expression of adipogenesis differentiation‑related transcription factors following treatment with the EEc extract was also examined. Only the expression of CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein (C/EBP)α was decreased, while there was no effect on the expression of C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, and peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Treatment with the EEc extract decreased the expression levels of adipogenesis‑related genes, in particular sterol regulatory element binding protein‑1c (SREBP‑1c), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A‑FABP), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and adiponectin. These results suggest that EEc extract treatment has an inhibitory effect on adipogenesis, specifically by affecting the activation of the C/EBPα signaling pathway and the resulting adipogenesis-related gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Hye Kim
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cha SH, Lee JH, Kim EA, Shin CH, Jun HS, Jeon YJ. Phloroglucinol accelerates the regeneration of liver damaged by H2O2or MNZ treatment in zebrafish. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05994a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ROSs can cause oxidative damage to biological macromolecules. Particularly, liver is a vital organ in vertebrates and easily attacked by ROS. PG attenuates H2O2-induced oxidative stress, even in liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Heui Cha
- College of Pharmacy
- Gachon University
- Incheon 21936
- Republic of Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute
| | - Ji-Hyeok Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute
- Gachon University
- Incheon 21936
- Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (KMMPC)
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST)
- Jeju
- Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Shin
- School of Biology
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- College of Pharmacy
- Gachon University
- Incheon 21936
- Republic of Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences
- Jeju National University
- Jeju
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|