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Wang X, Chen J, Luo D, Ba L. Advances in the Understanding of Postharvest Physiological Changes and the Storage and Preservation of Pitaya. Foods 2024; 13:1307. [PMID: 38731681 PMCID: PMC11083964 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Highly prized for its unique taste and appearance, pitaya is a tasty, low-calorie fruit. It has a high-water content, a high metabolism, and a high susceptibility to pathogens, resulting in an irreversible process of tissue degeneration or quality degradation and eventual loss of commercial value, leading to economic loss. High quality fruits are a key guarantee for the healthy development of economic advantages. However, the understanding of postharvest conservation technology and the regulation of maturation, and senescence of pitaya are lacking. To better understand the means of postharvest storage of pitaya, extend the shelf life of pitaya fruit and prospect the postharvest storage technology, this paper analyzes and compares the postharvest quality changes of pitaya fruit, preservation technology, and senescence regulation mechanisms. This study provides research directions for the development of postharvest storage and preservation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China;
| | - Jianye Chen
- College of Horticultural Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Donglan Luo
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China;
| | - Liangjie Ba
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China;
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Li Y, Ren R, Pan R, Bao Y, Xie T, Zeng L, Fang T. Comparative transcriptome analysis identifies candidate genes related to sucrose accumulation in longan ( Dimocarpus longan Lour.) pulp. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1379750. [PMID: 38645392 PMCID: PMC11032017 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1379750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Sucrose content is one of the important factors to determine longan fruit flavor quality. To gain deep insight of molecular mechanism on sucrose accumulation in longan, we conducted comparative transcriptomic analysis between low sucrose content longan cultivar 'Qingkebaoyuan' and high sucrose content cultivar 'Songfengben'. A total of 12,350 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected across various development stages and different varieties, including hexokinase (HK) and sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS), which are intricately linked to soluble sugar accumulation and metabolism. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified magenta module, including DlSPS gene, was significantly positively correlated with sucrose content. Furthermore, transient expression unveiled DlSPS gene play crucial role in sucrose accumulation. Moreover, 5 transcription factors (MYB, ERF, bHLH, C2H2, and NAC) were potentially involved in DlSPS regulation. Our findings provide clues for sucrose metabolism, and lay the foundation for longan breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lihui Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Fang
- College of Horticulture, Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Cao X, Li X, Su Y, Zhang C, Wei C, Chen K, Grierson D, Zhang B. Transcription factor PpNAC1 and DNA demethylase PpDML1 synergistically regulate peach fruit ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2049-2068. [PMID: 37992120 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is accompanied by dramatic changes in color, texture, and flavor and is regulated by transcription factors (TFs) and epigenetic factors. However, the detailed regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Gene expression patterns suggest that PpNAC1 (NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC) TF plays a major role in peach (Prunus persica) fruit ripening. DNA affinity purification (DAP)-seq combined with transactivation tests demonstrated that PpNAC1 can directly activate the expression of multiple ripening-related genes, including ACC synthase1 (PpACS1) and ACC oxidase1 (PpACO1) involved in ethylene biosynthesis, pectinesterase1 (PpPME1), pectate lyase1 (PpPL1), and polygalacturonase1 (PpPG1) related to cell wall modification, and lipase1 (PpLIP1), fatty acid desaturase (PpFAD3-1), and alcohol acyltransferase1 (PpAAT1) involved in volatiles synthesis. Overexpression of PpNAC1 in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) nor (nonripening) mutant restored fruit ripening, and its transient overexpression in peach fruit induced target gene expression, supporting a positive role of PpNAC1 in fruit ripening. The enhanced transcript levels of PpNAC1 and its target genes were associated with decreases in their promoter mCG methylation during ripening. Declining DNA methylation was negatively associated with increased transcripts of DNA demethylase1 (PpDML1), whose promoter is recognized and activated by PpNAC1. We propose that decreased methylation of the promoter region of PpNAC1 leads to a subsequent decrease in DNA methylation levels and enhanced transcription of ripening-related genes. These results indicate that positive feedback between PpNAC1 and PpDML1 plays an important role in directly regulating expression of multiple genes required for peach ripening and quality formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinzhao Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yike Su
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunyan Wei
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Desheng Middle Road No. 298, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Wei W, Yang YY, Wu CJ, Kuang JF, Lu WJ, Chen JY, Shan W. MaNAC19-MaXB3 regulatory module mediates sucrose synthesis in banana fruit during ripening. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127144. [PMID: 37802454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose, a predominant sweetener in banana (Musa acuminata) fruit, determines sweetness and consumer preferences. Although sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) is known to catalyze starch conversion into sucrose in banana fruit during the ripening process, the SPS regulatory mechanism during ripening still demands investigation. Hence, this study discovered that the MaSPS1 expression was promoted during ethylene-mediated ripening in banana fruit. MaNAC19, recognized as the MaSPS1 putative binding protein using yeast one-hybrid screening, directly binds to the MaSPS1 promoter, thereby transcriptionally activating its expression, which was verified by transient overexpression experiments, where the sucrose synthesis was accelerated through MaNAC19-induced transcription of MaSPS1. Interestingly, MaXB3, an ethylene-inhibited E3 ligase, was found to ubiquitinate MaNAC19, making it prone to proteasomal degradation, inhibiting transactivation of MaNAC19 to MaSPS1, thereby attenuating MaNAC19-promoted sucrose accumulation. This study's findings collectively illustrated the mechanistic basis of a MaXB3-MaNAC19-MaSPS1 regulatory module controlling sucrose synthesis during banana fruit ripening. These outcomes have broadened our understanding of the regulation mechanisms that contributed to sucrose metabolism occurring in transcriptional and post-transcriptional stages, which might help develop molecular approaches for controlling ripening and improving fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chao-Jie Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-Fei Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wang-Jin Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-Ye Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Wang P, Feng X, Jiang J, Yan P, Li Z, Luo W, Chen Y, Ye W. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Fruit Quality Formation in Actinidia eriantha Benth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4079. [PMID: 38140408 PMCID: PMC10747155 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Actinidia chinensis Planch. is a fruit tree originating from China that is abundant in the wild. Actinidia eriantha Benth. is a type of A. chinensis that has emerged in recent years. The shape of A. eriantha is an elongated oval, and the skin is covered with dense, non-shedding milk-white hairs. The mature fruit has flesh that is bright green in colour, and the fruit has a strong flavour and a grass-like smell. It is appreciated for its rich nutrient content and unique flavour. Vitamin C, sugar, and organic acids are key factors in the quality and flavour composition of A. eriantha but have not yet been systematically analysed. Therefore, we sequenced the transcriptome of A. eriantha at three developmental stages and labelled them S1, S2, and S3, and comparisons of S1 vs. S2, S1 vs. S3, and S2 vs. S3 revealed 1218, 4019, and 3759 upregulated differentially expressed genes and 1823, 3415, and 2226 downregulated differentially expressed genes, respectively. Furthermore, the upregulated differentially expressed genes included 213 core genes, and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that they were enriched in hormones, sugars, organic acids, and many organic metabolic pathways. The downregulated differentially expressed genes included 207 core genes, which were enriched in the light signalling pathway. We further constructed the metabolic pathways of sugars, organic acids, and vitamin C in A. eriantha and identified the genes involved in vitamin C, sugar, and organic acid synthesis in A. eriantha fruits at different stages. During fruit development, the vitamin C content decreased, the carbohydrate compound content increased, and the organic acid content decreased. The gene expression patterns were closely related to the accumulation patterns of vitamin C, sugars, and organic acids in A. eriantha. The above results lay the foundation for the accumulation of vitamin C, sugars, and organic acids in A. eriantha and for understanding flavour formation in A. eriantha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Wang
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shaxian 365051, China; (P.W.); (J.J.); (Z.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization in Fujian Province (Mountain Area), Shaxian 365051, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Fruit Tree Research Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Jinlan Jiang
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shaxian 365051, China; (P.W.); (J.J.); (Z.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization in Fujian Province (Mountain Area), Shaxian 365051, China
| | - Peipei Yan
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shaxian 365051, China; (P.W.); (J.J.); (Z.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization in Fujian Province (Mountain Area), Shaxian 365051, China
| | - Zunwen Li
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shaxian 365051, China; (P.W.); (J.J.); (Z.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization in Fujian Province (Mountain Area), Shaxian 365051, China
| | - Weihong Luo
- Institute of Horticultural Plant Bioengineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Yiting Chen
- Fruit Tree Research Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Wei Ye
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shaxian 365051, China; (P.W.); (J.J.); (Z.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization in Fujian Province (Mountain Area), Shaxian 365051, China
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Zhou H, Su M, Du J, Zhang X, Li X, Zhang M, Hu Y, Huan C, Ye Z. Crucial roles of sorbitol metabolism and energy status in the chilling tolerance of yellow peach. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108092. [PMID: 37852068 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we compared sorbitol metabolism, energy metabolism, and CI development in yellow peach fruit at 1 °C (less susceptible to CI) and 8 °C (more susceptible to CI) storage to elucidate potential connections between them. The results indicated that storage at 1 °C effectively maintained the textural quality of yellow peach fruit and delayed the onset of CI by 12 days compared to 8 °C. This positive effect might be attributable to 1 °C storage maintaining higher sorbitol content throughout the storage duration, thus sustaining the higher adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level and energy charge. The regulation of sorbitol accumulation by 1 °C storage was closely linked to the metabolic activity of sorbitol, which stimulated sorbitol synthesis by enhancing sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH) activity after 12 days while suppressing sorbitol degradation via decreased sorbitol oxidase (SOX) and NAD+-sorbitol dehydrogenase (NAD+-SDH) activities before 24 days. In addition, the notable up-regulation in the NAD+-SDH activity in the late storage period promoted the conversion of sorbitol to fructose and glucose under 1 °C storage, thereby providing ample energy substrate for ATP generation. Moreover, sorbitol acts as a vital signaling molecule, and substantially up-regulated expressions of sorbitol transporters genes (PpeSOT3, PpeSOT5, and PpeSOT7) were observed in fruit stored at 1 °C, which might promote sorbitol transport and improve cold tolerance in peach fruit. Taken together, these findings suggested that 1 °C storage delayed CI by enhancing sorbitol metabolism and transporter activity, promoting sorbitol accumulation, and finally elevating the energy status in yellow peach fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhou
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, 210000, PR China.
| | - Mingshen Su
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China
| | - Jihong Du
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China
| | - Xianan Zhang
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China
| | - Xiongwei Li
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China
| | - Yang Hu
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China
| | - Chen Huan
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, 210000, PR China.
| | - Zhengwen Ye
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, 210000, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Su Z, Luo L, Wang P, Zhu X, Liu J, Wang C. Exogenous auxin regulates the growth and development of peach fruit at the expansion stage by mediating multiple-hormone signaling. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:499. [PMID: 37848815 PMCID: PMC10583367 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit expansion stage is crucial to fruit yield and quality formation, and auxin plays a significant role by mediating multi-hormone signals during fruit expansion. However, till now, it is still unclear of the molecular regulatory network during auxin-mediated peach fruit expansion. RESULTS Here, exogenous NAA application markedly increased IAA content and drastically decreased ABA content at the fruit expansion stage. Correspondingly, NAA mainly induced the auxin biosynthesis gene (1 PpYUCCA) and early auxin-responsive genes (7PpIAA, 3 PpGH3, and 14 PpSAUR); while NAA down-regulated ABA biosynthesis genes (2 PpNCED, 1 PpABA3, and 1 PpAAO3). In addition, many DEGs involved in other plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction were significantly enriched after NAA treatment, including 7 JA, 7 CTK, 6 ETH, and 3 GA. Furthermore, we also found that NAA treatment down-regulated most of genes involved in the growth and development of peach fruit, including the cell wall metabolism-related genes (PpEG), sucrose metabolism-related genes (PpSPS), phenylalanine metabolism-related genes (PpPAL, Pp4CL, and PpHCT), and transcription factors (PpNAC, PpMADS-box, PpDof, PpSBP, and PpHB). CONCLUSION Overall, NAA treatment at the fruit expansion stage could inhibit some metabolism processes involved in the related genes in the growth and development of peach fruit by regulating multiple-hormone signaling networks. These results help reveal the short-term regulatory mechanism of auxin at the fruit expansion stage and provide new insights into the multi-hormone cascade regulatory network of fruit growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Faculty of Horticultural Science and Technology, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, 215008, China.
| | - Ziwen Su
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Linjia Luo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pengkai Wang
- Faculty of Horticultural Science and Technology, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, 215008, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiecai Liu
- Inner MongoliaAgricultural University, Huhehaote, 010010, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Faculty of Horticultural Science and Technology, Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou, 215008, China.
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Nie X, Hong C, Wang Q, Lu M, An H. Sugar composition and transcriptome analysis in developing 'Fengtang' plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) reveal candidate genes regulating sugar accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107955. [PMID: 37603969 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Sweetness is an important attribute of fruit quality, which directly affects consumers' preference for fresh fruit and is mostly determined by carbohydrate composition. 'Fengtang' plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) is recognized for its high soluble sugar content, but the sugar composition and the molecular mechanisms underlying sugar overproduction are not fully understood. In this work, the sugar components were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with transcription profiles from RNA-sequencing and Quantitative Real-time PCR during fruit development. The target metabolic group showed that sucrose was the dominant sugar component in mature fruit, followed by glucose, fructose, and sorbitol. Based on the transcriptome data and qRT-PCR validation, we identified 12 key structural genes that significantly responded to corresponding component accumulation: sucrose synthase (PsSUS4), sucrose phosphate synthase (PsSPS2), neutral invertase (PsNINV1/3/4), phosphoglucomutase (PsPGM1), UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyl transferase (PsUGP1/2), hexose kinase (PsHXK1/3), sugar transport protein (PsSTP1), and Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (PsSWEET4). In which PsSUS4 and PsSPS2, whose encoding proteins immediately catalyze sucrose synthesis, were selected to be silenced using the virus-induced gene silencing technology. Silencing of PsSUS4 or PsSPS2 resulted in decreased sucrose content by 27.6% and 8%, respectively, compared with the control, verifying their important roles in sucrose accumulation. Subsequently, sugar metabolism networks in this high-sugar plum were constructed with 12 key structural genes, 72 putative transcription factors, and 4 major sugar components. These results might facilitate a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sugar accumulation in 'Fengtang' plum and provide a framework for future fruit quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Nie
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Hong
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Wang
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Lu
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaming An
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou Y, Li K, Wen S, Yang D, Gao J, Wang Z, Zhu P, Bie Z, Cheng J. Phloem unloading in cultivated melon fruits follows an apoplasmic pathway during enlargement and ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad123. [PMID: 37554344 PMCID: PMC10405131 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) has a long history of cultivation worldwide. During cultivation, domestication, and selection breeding, the sugar content of mature melon fruits has been significantly increased. Compared with unsweet melon and wild melon, rapid sucrose accumulation can occur in the middle and late stages of sweet melon fruit development. The phloem unloading pathway during the evolution and development of melon fruit has not been identified and analyzed. In this study, the phloem unloading pathway and the function of related sugar transporters in cultivated and wild melon fruits were analyzed by CFDA [5(6)-carbofluorescein diacetate] and esculin tracing, cytological pathway observation, qRT-PCR, and gene function analysis, etc. Results show that the phloem unloading pathway of wild melon fruit is largely symplastic, whereas the phloem unloading pathway of cultivated melon fruit shifts from symplastic to apoplasmic during development. According to a fruit grafting experiment, the fruit sink accumulates sugars independently. Correlation analysis showed that the expression amounts of several sucrose transporter genes were positively correlated with the sucrose content of melon fruit. Furthermore, CmSWEET10 was proved to be a sucrose transporter located on the plasma membrane of the phloem and highly expressed in the premature stage of sweet melon fruits, which means it may be involved in phloem apoplast unloading and sucrose accumulation in sweet melon fruits. Finally, we summarize a functional model of related enzymes and sugar transporters involved in the apoplast unloading of sweet melon fruits during enlargement and sucrose accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhou
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kexin Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Suying Wen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dong Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Gao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Peilu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhilong Bie
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jintao Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
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Li C, Xu Y, Wu H, Zhao R, Wang X, Wang F, Fu Q, Tang T, Shi X, Wang B. Flavor Characterization of Native Xinjiang Flat Peaches Based on Constructing Aroma Fingerprinting and Stoichiometry Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:2554. [PMID: 37444292 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The flat peach is a high economic value table fruit possessing excellent quality and a unique aroma. This article investigated the quality characteristics and aroma fingerprinting of flat peaches (Qingpan, QP; Ruipan 2, R2; Ruipan 4, R4; Wanpan, WP) from Xinjiang in terms of taste, antioxidant capacity, and volatile aroma compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HS-SPME-GC-MS. The results showed that the flat peaches had a good taste and high antioxidant capacity, mainly due to the high sugar-low acid property and high levels of phenolic compounds. This study found that sucrose (63.86~73.86%) was the main sugar, and malic acid (5.93~14.96%) and quinic acid (5.25~15.01%) were the main organic acids. Furthermore, chlorogenic acid (main phenolic compound), epicatechin, rutin, catechin, proanthocyanidin B1, and neochlorogenic acid were positively related to the antioxidant activity of flat peaches. All flat peaches had similar aroma characteristics and were rich in aromatic content. Aldehydes (especially benzaldehyde and 2-hexenal) and esters were the main volatile compounds. The aroma fingerprinting of flat peaches consisted of hexanal, 2-hexenal, nonanal, decanal, benzaldehyde, 2,4-decadienal, dihydro-β-ionone, 6-pentylpyran-2-one, 2-hexenyl acetate, ethyl caprylate, γ-decalactone, and theaspirane, with a "peach-like", "fruit", and "coconut-like" aroma. Among them, 2,4-decadienal, 2-hexenyl acetate, and theaspirane were the characteristic aroma compounds of flat peaches. The results provide a theoretical basis for the industrial application of the special aroma of flat peaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- Food College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Youyou Xu
- Food College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Food College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- Food College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Food College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Food College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Qingquan Fu
- Food College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Tiantian Tang
- Food College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Xuewei Shi
- Food College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Food College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
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11
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Zhong H, Yadav V, Wen Z, Zhou X, Wang M, Han S, Pan M, Zhang C, Zhang F, Wu X. Comprehensive metabolomics-based analysis of sugar composition and content in berries of 18 grape varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1200071. [PMID: 37360706 PMCID: PMC10288860 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Xinjiang is the largest grape-producing region in China and the main grape cultivation area in the world. The Eurasian grape resources grown in Xinjiang are very rich in diversity. The sugar composition and content are the main factors that determine the quality of berries. However, there are currently no systematic reports on the types and contents of sugars in grapes grown in Xinjiang region. In this research, we evaluated the appearance and fruit maturity indicators of 18 grape varieties during fruit ripening and determined their sugar content using GC-MS. All cultivars primarily contained glucose, D-fructose, and sucrose. The glucose content in varieties varied from 42.13% to 46.80% of the total sugar, whereas the fructose and sucrose contents varied from 42.68% to 50.95% and 6.17% to 12.69%, respectively. The content of trace sugar identified in grape varieties varied from 0.6 to 2.3 mg/g. The comprehensive assessment by principal component analysis revealed strong positive correlations between some sugar components. A comprehensive study on the content and types of sugar will provide the foundation to determine the quality of grape cultivars and effective ways to utilize resources to improve sugar content through breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinyu Wu
- *Correspondence: Fuchun Zhang, ; Xinyu Wu,
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12
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Wang L, Zheng X, Ye Z, Su M, Zhang X, Du J, Li X, Zhou H, Huan C. Transcriptome Co-Expression Network Analysis of Peach Fruit with Different Sugar Concentrations Reveals Key Regulators in Sugar Metabolism Involved in Cold Tolerance. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112244. [PMID: 37297487 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peach fruits are known to be highly susceptible to chilling injury (CI) during low-temperature storage, which has been linked to the level of sugar concentration in the fruit. In order to better understand the relationship between sugar metabolism and CI, we conducted a study examining the concentration of sucrose, fructose, and glucose in peach fruit with different sugar concentrations and examined their relationship with CI. Through transcriptome sequencing, we screened the functional genes and transcription factors (TFs) involved in the sugar metabolism pathway that may cause CI in peach fruit. Our results identified five key functional genes (PpSS, PpINV, PpMGAM, PpFRK, and PpHXK) and eight TFs (PpMYB1/3, PpMYB-related1, PpWRKY4, PpbZIP1/2/3, and PpbHLH2) that are associated with sugar metabolism and CI development. The analysis of co-expression network mapping and binding site prediction identified the most likely associations between these TFs and functional genes. This study provides insights into the metabolic and molecular mechanisms regulating sugar changes in peach fruit with different sugar concentrations and presents potential targets for breeding high-sugar and cold-tolerant peach varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufan Wang
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaolin Zheng
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhengwen Ye
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Mingshen Su
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xianan Zhang
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jihong Du
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xiongwei Li
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Huijuan Zhou
- Forestry and Fruit Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Chen Huan
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210000, China
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13
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Zhu M, Yu J, Wang R, Zeng Y, Kang L, Chen Z. Nano-calcium alleviates the cracking of nectarine fruit and improves fruit quality. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:370-380. [PMID: 36746008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To explore the use of L-aspartic acid nano-calcium (nano-Ca) to reduce nectarine fruit-cracking, we sprayed the crack-susceptible nectarine cultivar 'Huaguang' [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch var. nectarina (Ait.) Maxim.] with nano-Ca. The results showed that nano-Ca could reduce the fruit-cracking percentage of nectarine by more than 20%. Nano-Ca was effective because it increased the calcium pectinate content of the peel, reduced the activity of cell-wall metabolic enzymes, and changed the peel structure and enhanced its toughness. We also found that nano-Ca enhanced calmodulin activity in leaves, upregulated key genes of sucrose synthesis in leaves and sucrose transport in stem phloem, and significantly increased the soluble sugar content in the fruit by more than 2%. In addition, Nano-Ca also enhanced calmodulin activity in peel and up-regulated key genes related to anthocyanin-synthesis, promoting anthocyanin accumulation in the peel. The result will lay a theoretical foundation for the physiological and molecular mechanisms of nectarine-cracking and its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Zhu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China; Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Jun Yu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China; Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Yongxian Zeng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China
| | - Linfeng Kang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China
| | - Zhiyin Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China; Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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14
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Zhang Y, Yun F, Man X, Huang D, Liao W. Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide on Sugar, Organic Acid, Carotenoid, and Polyphenol Level in Tomato Fruit. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:719. [PMID: 36840068 PMCID: PMC9965552 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is known to have a positive effect on the postharvest storage of vegetables and fruits, but limited results are available on its influence in fruit flavor quality. Here, we presented the effect of H2S on the flavor quality of tomato fruit during postharvest. H2S decreased the content of fructose, glucose, carotene and lycopene but increased that of soluble protein, organic acid, malic acid and citric acid. These differences were directly associated with the expression of their metabolism-related genes. Moreover, H2S treatment raised the contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids and most phenolic compounds, and up-regulated the expression level of their metabolism-related genes (PAL5, 4CL, CHS1, CHS2, F3H and FLS). However, the effects of the H2S scavenger hypotaurine on the above flavor quality parameters were opposite to that of H2S, thus confirming the role of H2S in tomato flavor quality. Thus, these results provide insight into the significant roles of H2S in tomato fruit quality regulation and implicate the potential application of H2S in reducing the flavor loss of tomato fruit during postharvest.
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15
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Mollah MDA, Zhang X, Zhao L, Jiang X, Ogutu CO, Peng Q, Belal MAA, Yang Q, Cai Y, Nishawy E, Cherono S, Wang L, Han Y. Two vacuolar invertase inhibitors PpINHa and PpINH3 display opposite effects on fruit sugar accumulation in peach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1033805. [PMID: 36589059 PMCID: PMC9795002 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1033805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soluble sugars are an important determinant of fruit taste, but their accumulation mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we report two vacuolar invertase inhibitor genes involved in sugar accumulation in peach, PpINHa and PpINH3. Transient overexpression of PpINH3 in peach fruits resulted in an increase in sugar content, while the opposite trend was detected for PpINHa. Unexpectedly, PpINH3 and PpINHa both had no physical interaction with vacuolar invertase (VIN). Moreover, the PpVIN genes had no or extremely low expression in fruits at the ripening stage. These results suggested that the regulatory role of PpINHa and PpINH3 in sugar accumulation is unlikely due to their interaction with PpVINs. Additionally, overexpression of PpINHa and PpINH3 had an impact on transcription of genes related to fruit sugar metabolism and transport, which is likely responsible for their regulatory role in fruit sugar accumulation. Altogether, these results indicated an important role of PpINHs in fruit accumulation in peach. Our study provides new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying sugar accumulation, which could be useful for genetic improvement of fruit taste in breeding programs of peach and other fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Dulal Ali Mollah
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ;China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ;China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ;China
| | - Collins O. Ogutu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ;China
| | - Mohammad A. A. Belal
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ;China
| | - Qiurui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ;China
| | - Yaming Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ;China
| | - Elsayed Nishawy
- Genetic Resource Department, Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sylvia Cherono
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ;China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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16
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Wang Q, Peng X, Lang D, Ma X, Zhang X. Physio-biochemical and transcriptomic analysis reveals that the mechanism of Bacillus cereus G2 alleviated oxidative stress of salt-stressed Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114264. [PMID: 36334340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress severely affects the growth and productivity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Our previous research found that the endophyte Bacillus cereus G2 alleviated the osmotic and oxidative stress in G. uralensis exposed to salinity. However, the mechanism is still unclear. Here, a pot experiment was conducted to analyse the change in parameters related to osmotic adjustment and antioxidant metabolism by G2 in salt-stressed G. uralensis at the physio-biochemistry and transcriptome levels. The results showed that G2 significantly increased proline content by 48 %, glycine betaine content by 75 % due to activated expression of BADH1, and soluble sugar content by 77 % due to upregulated expression of α-glucosidase and SS, which might help to decrease the cell osmotic potential, enable the cell to absorb water, and stabilize the cell's protein and membrane structure, thereby alleviating osmotic stress. Regarding antioxidant metabolism, G2 significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 27 %, which might be ascribed to the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity that facilitated the decrease in the superoxide radical (O2‾) production rate; it also increased the activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), which helped stabilize the normal level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). G2 also increased glutathione (GSH) content by 65 % due to increased glutathione reductase (GR) activity and GSH/GSSG ratio, but G2 decreased oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content by 13 % due to decreased activity of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), which could provide sufficient substrates for the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle to eliminate excess H2O2 that was not cleared in a timely manner by the antioxidant enzyme system. Taken together, G2 alleviated osmotic stress by increasing proline, soluble sugar, and glycine betaine contents and alleviated oxidative stress by the synergistic effect of antioxidant enzymes and the AsA-GSH cycle. Therefore, the results may be useful for explaining the mechanism by which endophyte inoculation regulates the salt tolerance of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xueying Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Duoyong Lang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Regional Characterizistic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Characterizistic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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17
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Wang J, Yuan H, Wu Y, Yu J, Ali B, Zhang J, Tang Z, Xie J, Lyu J, Liao W. Application of 5-aminolevulinic acid promotes ripening and accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in postharvest tomato fruit. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1036843. [PMID: 36438749 PMCID: PMC9686309 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1036843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) plays a vital role in promoting plant growth, enhancing stress resistance, and improving fruit yield and quality. In the present study, tomato fruits were harvested at mature green stage and sprayed with 200 mg L-1 ALA on fruit surface. During ripening, the estimation of primary and secondary metabolites, carotenoids, and chlorophyll contents, and the expression levels of key genes involved in their metabolism were carried out. The results showed that ALA significantly promoted carotenoids accumulation by upregulating the gene expression levels of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS, encoding geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase), phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1, encoding phytoene synthase), phytoene desaturase (PDS, encoding phytoene desaturase), and lycopeneβ-cyclase (LCYB, encoding lycopene β-cyclase), whereas chlorophyll content decreased by downregulating the expression levels of Mg-chelatase (CHLH, encoding Mg-chelatase) and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR, encoding protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase). Besides, the contents of soluble solids, vitamin C, soluble protein, free amino acids, total soluble sugar, organic acid, total phenol, and flavonoid were increased in ALA-treated tomato fruit, but the fruit firmness was decreased. These results indicated that the exogenous ALA could not only promote postharvest tomato fruit ripening but also improve the internal nutritional and flavor quality of tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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18
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Gao Y, Yao Y, Chen X, Wu J, Wu Q, Liu S, Guo A, Zhang X. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of sweet-acidic taste formation during pineapple fruit development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:971506. [PMID: 36161024 PMCID: PMC9493369 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.971506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) is one of the most valuable subtropical fruit crop in the world. The sweet-acidic taste of the pineapple fruits is a major contributor to the characteristic of fruit quality, but its formation mechanism remains elusive. Here, targeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed during the fruit developmental stages in two pineapple cultivars ("Comte de Paris" and "MD-2") to gain a global view of the metabolism and transport pathways involved in sugar and organic acid accumulation. Assessment of the levels of different sugar and acid components during fruit development revealed that the predominant sugar and organic acid in mature fruits of both cultivars was sucrose and citric acid, respectively. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis of metabolic phenotypes and gene expression profiling enabled the identification of 21 genes associated with sucrose accumulation and 19 genes associated with citric acid accumulation. The coordinated interaction of the 21 genes correlated with sucrose irreversible hydrolysis, resynthesis, and transport could be responsible for sucrose accumulation in pineapple fruit. In addition, citric acid accumulation might be controlled by the coordinated interaction of the pyruvate-to-acetyl-CoA-to-citrate pathway, gamma-aminobutyric acid pathway, and tonoplast proton pumps in pineapple. These results provide deep insights into the metabolic regulation of sweetness and acidity in pineapple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Gao
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Tropical Fruit Biology, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanli Yao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Tropical Fruit Biology, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Taixing Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Taixing, China
| | - Jianyang Wu
- Department of Science Education, Zhanjiang Preschool Education College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qingsong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Tropical Fruit Biology, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shenghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Tropical Fruit Biology, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Anping Guo
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Tropical Fruit Biology, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
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19
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Mou ZL, Zeng RX, Chen NH, Liu ZL, Zeng ZX, Qin YH, Shan W, Kuang JF, Lu WJ, Chen JY, Zhao YT. The association of HpDof1.7 and HpDof5.4 with soluble sugar accumulation in pitaya fruit by transcriptionally activating sugar metabolic genes. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Soluble sugar is one of the important factors affecting fruit flavor and quality. Here, we report the identification of two Dof (DNA-binding with one finger) transcription factors termed HpDof1.7 and HpDof5.4, and their roles in influencing sugar accumulation in pitayas. HpDof1.7 and HpDof5.4 shared a similar expression pattern with sugar metabolism-related genes HpSuSy1 and HpINV2, and sugar transporter genes HpTMT2 and HpSWEET14 during pitayas maturation, and their expression pattern was also consistent with the accumulation of glucose and fructose, which were the predominant sugars in pitayas. HpDof1.7 and HpDof5.4 were both typical nucleus-localized proteins with trans-activation ability. Gel mobility shift assay revealed that HpDof1.7 and HpDof5.4 were bound to promoters of HpSuSy1, HpINV2, HpTMT2 and HpSWEET14. Finally, transient expression assays in tobacco leaves showed that HpDof1.7 and HpDof5.4 increased the activities of HpSuSy1, HpINV2, HpTMT2 and HpSWEET14 promoters, thus facilitating sugar accumulation by transcriptionally enhancing sugar metabolic pathway genes. Our findings provide a new perspective on the regulatory mechanisms of Dof transcription factors in sugar accumulation and pitaya fruit quality formation.
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20
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Garg V, Kühn C. Subcellular dynamics and protein-protein interactions of plant sucrose transporters. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 273:153696. [PMID: 35472692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although extensively studied for their role in long distance transport, plant sucrose transporters are active not only in the phloem but throughout the plant body. Sucrose transporters of the SUT family were first described to be plasma membrane-resident proteins, but recent investigations revealed that subcellular dynamics of these transporters were part of complex regulatory mechanisms. The yeast two-hybrid split-ubiquitin system, tandem-affinity purification, and bimolecular-fluorescence complementation aided in identification of a complex network of SUT-interacting proteins that led to answers to many open questions. We found, for example, interacting proteins localized to other subcellular compartments. Although sucrose transporters were assumed to be localized mainly on the plasma membrane, and the tonoplast in the case of SUT4, the interaction partners were not exclusively predicted to be plasma membrane proteins, but belonged to the extracellular space (cell wall), intracellular vesicles, the ER, tonoplast, nuclei, and peroxisomes, among other cellular compartments. A subset of the SUT-interacting proteins localized exclusively to plasmodesmata. We conclude that (transient) protein-protein interactions of integral membrane proteins help to sequester SUTs to subcellular compartments, such as membrane microdomains, with specific functions to enable subcellular transport and cell-to-cell trafficking via plasmodesmata. Identification of SNARE proteins (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor protein attachment protein receptors) and protein disulfide isomerases support the assumption that the protein-protein interaction plays an important role for the subcellular movement of sugar transporters. It becomes apparent that the interaction partners provide a substantial impact on how and where the transporter is localized or processed for either targeting to a specific cellular or extracellular location, or tagging for degradation or recycling. In this review, interacting proteins, as well as the role of oligomeric complex formation, post-translational modification, and stress responses are summarized for SUTs of higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Garg
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Plant Physiology Department, Philippstr. 13, Building 12, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Kühn
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Plant Physiology Department, Philippstr. 13, Building 12, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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Lin M, Ma S, Quan K, Yang E, Hu L, Chen X. Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of long-day photoperiod in Moringa oleifera. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:935-946. [PMID: 35722507 PMCID: PMC9203643 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera, is commonly cultivated as a vegetable in tropical and subtropical regions because of nutritional and medicinal benefits of its fruits, immature pods, leaves, and flowers. Flowering at the right time is one of the important traits for crop yield in M.oleifera. Under normal conditions, photoperiod is one of the key factors in determining when plant flower. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of a long-day photoperiod on Moringa is not clearly understood. In the present study, deep RNA sequencing and sugar metabolome were conducted of Moringa leaves under long-day photoperiod. As a result, differentially expressed genes were significantly associated with starch and sucrose pathway and the circadian rhythm-plant pathway. In starch and sucrose pathway, sucrose, fructose, trehalose, glucose, and maltose exhibited pronounced rhythmicity over 24 h, and TPS (trehalose-6-phosphate synthase) genes constituted key regulatory genes. In an Arabidopsis overexpression line hosting the MoTPS1 or MoTPS2 genes, flowering occurred earlier under a short-day photoperiod. These results will support molecular breeding of Moringa and may help clarify to genetic architecture of long-day photoperiod related traits. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01186-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China 410001
| | - Shiying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China 410001
| | - Kehui Quan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China 410001
| | - Endian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China 510642
| | - Lei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China 510642
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China 410001
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China 510642
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22
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Zhang H, Tao X, Fan X, Zhang S, Qin G. PpybZIP43 contributes to sucrose synthesis in pear fruits by activating PpySPS3 expression and interacts with PpySTOP1. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13732. [PMID: 35689502 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose is an important factor affecting sweetness and flavor in pear fruits, but the molecular mechanism of sucrose synthesis regulation is relatively unknown. Here, we characterized a transcription factor gene from pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. "Hosui") fruits, PpybZIP43, and found that the transient overexpression of PpybZIP43 in pear fruits significantly increased the sucrose content and the relative expression level of sucrose phosphate synthase genes (PpySPS3 and PpySPS8). Subcellular localization analysis in tobacco leaves showed that PpybZIP43 was localized in the nucleus. Yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that PpybZIP43 was able to activate the expression of PpySPS3 by binding specifically to the G-box (CACGTG) element in the promoter. The protein-protein interaction assays using yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), firefly luciferase complementation imaging (LCI), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down demonstrated that PpybZIP43 could directly interact with PpySTOP1 to form a transcription complex. This study is helpful for understanding the molecular basis of sucrose synthesis and accumulation in pear fruits and provides candidate genes for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huping Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianwei Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaihua Qin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement and Eco-Physiology of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Fruit Quality and Developmental Biology, Institute of Horticulture Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
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Samkumar A, Karppinen K, Dhakal B, Martinussen I, Jaakola L. Insights into sugar metabolism during bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13657. [PMID: 35243654 PMCID: PMC9313557 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bilberry fruit is regarded as one of the best natural sources of anthocyanins and is widely explored for its health-beneficial compounds. Besides anthocyanins, one of the major attributes that determine the berry quality is the accumulation of sugars that provide sweetness and flavor to ripening fruit. In this study, we have identified 25 sugar metabolism-related genes in bilberry, including invertases (INVs), hexokinases (HKs), fructokinases (FKs), sucrose synthases (SSs), sucrose phosphate synthases (SPSs), and sucrose phosphate phosphatases (SPPs). The results indicate that isoforms of the identified genes are expressed differentially during berry development, suggesting specialized functions. The highest sugar content was found in ripe berries, with fructose and glucose dominating accompanied by low sucrose amount. The related enzyme activities during berry development and ripening were further analyzed to understand the molecular mechanism of sugar accumulation. The activity of INVs in the cell wall and vacuole increased toward ripe berries. Amylase activity involved in starch metabolism was not detected in unripe berries but was found in ripe berries. Sucrose resynthesizing SS enzyme activity was detected upon early ripening and had the highest activity in ripe berries. Interestingly, our transcriptome data showed that supplemental irradiation with red and blue light triggered upregulation of several sugar metabolism-related genes, including α- and β-amylases. Also, differential expression patterns in responses to red and blue light were found across sucrose, galactose, and sugar-alcohol metabolism. Our enzymological and transcriptional data provide new understanding of the bilberry fruit sugar metabolism having major effect on fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Samkumar
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Binita Dhakal
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Inger Martinussen
- Division of Food Production and SocietyNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- Division of Food Production and SocietyNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
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Selection and Validation of Reliable Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies in Different Genotypes and TRV-Infected Fruits of Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) during Ripening. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13010160. [PMID: 35052500 PMCID: PMC8775616 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a powerful tool to detect and quantify transcription abundance, and the stability of the reference gene determines its success. However, the most suitable reference gene for different genotypes and tobacco rattle virus (TRV) infected fruits was unclear in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch). In this study, 10 reference genes were selected and gene expression was characterized by RT-qPCR across all samples, including different genotypes and TRV-infected fruits during ripening. Four statistical algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder) were used to calculate the stability of 10 reference genes. The geNorm analysis indicated that two suitable reference genes should be used for gene expression normalization. In general, the best combination of reference genes was CYP2 and Tua5 for TRV-infected fruits and CYP2 and Tub1 for different genotypes. In 18S, GADPH, and TEF2, there is an unacceptable variability of gene expression in all experimental conditions. Furthermore, to confirm the validity of the reference genes, the expression levels of PpACO1, PpEIN2, and PpPL were normalized at different fruit storage periods. In summary, our results provide guidelines for selecting reliable reference genes in different genotypes and TRV-infected fruits and lay the foundation for accurate evaluation of gene expression for RT-qPCR analysis in peach.
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Komarnytsky S, Retchin S, Vong CI, Lila MA. Gains and Losses of Agricultural Food Production: Implications for the Twenty-First Century. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 13:239-261. [PMID: 34813357 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-082421-114831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The world food supply depends on a diminishing list of plant crops and animal livestock to not only feed the ever-growing human population but also improve its nutritional state and lower the disease burden. Over the past century or so, technological advances in agricultural and food processing have helped reduce hunger and poverty but have not adequately addressed sustainability targets. This has led to an erosion of agricultural biodiversity and balanced diets and contributed to climate change and rising rates of chronic metabolic diseases. Modern food supply chains have progressively lost dietary fiber, complex carbohydrates, micronutrients, and several classes of phytochemicals with high bioactivity and nutritional relevance. This review introduces the concept of agricultural food systems losses and focuses on improved sources of agricultural diversity, proteins with enhanced resilience, and novel monitoring, processing, and distribution technologies that are poised to improve food security, reduce food loss and waste, and improve health profiles in the near future. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, Volume 13 is March 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina; .,Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Sophia Retchin
- Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Chi In Vong
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina; .,Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina; .,Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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Molecular Insights of Fruit Quality Traits in Peaches, Prunus persica. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102191. [PMID: 34686000 PMCID: PMC8541108 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits are the most demanded fruits because of their organoleptic qualities and nutritional values. The genus Prunus is a rich source of diversified stone/drupe fruits such as almonds, apricots, plums, sweet cherries, peaches, and nectarines. The fruit-ripening process in Prunus involves coordinated biochemical and physiological changes resulting in changes in fruit texture, aroma gain, color change in the pericarp, sugar/organic acid balance, fruit growth, and weight gain. There are different varieties of peaches with unique palatable qualities and gaining knowledge in the genetics behind these quality traits helps in seedling selection for breeding programs. In addition, peaches have shorter post-harvest life due to excessive softening, resulting in fruit quality reduction and market loss. Many studies have been executed to understand the softening process at the molecular level to find the genetic basis. To summarize, this review focused on the molecular aspects of peach fruit quality attributes and their related genetics to understand the underlying mechanisms.
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27
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Zhou Z, Ford R, Bar I, Kanchana-udomkan C. Papaya ( Carica papaya L.) Flavour Profiling. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1416. [PMID: 34573398 PMCID: PMC8471406 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge to the papaya industry is inconsistency in fruit quality and, in particular, flavour, which is a complex trait that comprises taste perception in the mouth (sweetness, acidity, or bitterness) and aroma produced by several volatile compounds. Current commercial varieties vary greatly in their taste, likely due to historical prioritised selection for fruit appearance as well as large environmental effects. Therefore, it is important to better understand the genetic and biochemical mechanisms and biosynthesis pathways underpinning preferable flavour in order to select and breed for better tasting new commercial papaya varieties. As an initial step, objectively measurable standards of the compound profiles that provide papaya's taste and aroma, together with 'mouth feel', are required. This review presents an overview of the approaches to characterise the flavour profiles of papaya through sugar component determination, volatile compound detection, sensory panel testing, as well as genomics-based studies to identify the papaya flavour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Ford
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (Z.Z.); (I.B.); (C.K.)
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28
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Wei QJ, Ma QL, Zhou GF, Liu X, Ma ZZ, Gu QQ. Identification of genes associated with soluble sugar and organic acid accumulation in 'Huapi' kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia Swingle) via transcriptome analysis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:4321-4331. [PMID: 33417244 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The levels and ratios of sugar and acid are important contributors to fruit taste. Kumquat is one of the most economically important citrus crops, but information on the soluble sugar and organic acid metabolism in kumquat is limited. Here, two kumquat varieties - 'Rongan' (RA) and its mutant 'Huapi' (HP) - were used to assess soluble sugar and organic acid accumulation and the related genes. RESULTS Soluble sugars include sucrose, glucose and fructose, while malate, quinic acid and citrate are the dominant organic acids in the fruits of both kumquat varieties. HP accumulated more sugars but fewer organic acids than did RA. Transcriptome analysis revealed 63 and 40 differentially expressed genes involved in soluble sugar and organic acid accumulation, respectively. The genes associated with sugar synthesis and transport, including SUS, SPS, TST, STP and ERD6L, were up-regulated, whereas INVs, FRK and HXK genes related to sugar degradation were down-regulated in HP kumquat. For organic acids, the up-regulation of PEPC and NAD-MDH could accelerate malate accumulation. In contrast, high expression of NAD-IDH and GS resulted in citric acid degradation during HP fruit development. Additionally, the PK, PDH, PEPCK and FBPase genes responsible for the interconversion of soluble sugars and organic acids were also significantly altered in the early development stages in HP. CONCLUSION The high sugar accumulation in HP fruit was associated with up-regulation of SUS, SPS, TST, STP and ERD6L genes. The PEPCK, PEPC, NAD-MDH, NADP-IDH, GS and FBPase genes played important roles in acid synthesis and degradation in HP kumquat. These findings provide further insight into understanding the mechanisms underlying metabolism of sugars and organic acids in citrus. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Jiang Wei
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiao-Li Ma
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gao-Feng Zhou
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhang-Zheng Ma
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing-Qing Gu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Zhao Y, Song C, Qi S, Lin Q, Duan Y. Jasmonic acid and salicylic acid induce the accumulation of sucrose and increase resistance to chilling injury in peach fruit. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:4250-4255. [PMID: 33423299 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) can both enhance resistance of chilling injury (CI) in cold-storage peach fruit, but the regulatory mechanisms involved and whether there is a coordinated regulation between them is unclear. In this study, postharvest peach fruit were treated with an aqueous SA solution for 15 min or an aqueous JA solution for 30 s before storage at 4 °C for 35 days. RESULTS SA and JA treatments both delayed and reduced development of internal browning (a symptom of CI) and induced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and sucrose. The SA and JA also reduced catalase and peroxidase activities, which are involved in hydrogen peroxide generation. The SA and JA treatments significantly regulated the transcript abundance of genes related to sucrose biosynthesis and degradation consistent with the observed increase in sucrose content. CONCLUSION These results intimate that JA and SA may be involved in coordinating the alleviation of CI via increased accumulation of sucrose. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Song
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuning Qi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuquan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li W, Huang L, Liu N, Pandey MK, Chen Y, Cheng L, Guo J, Yu B, Luo H, Zhou X, Huai D, Chen W, Yan L, Wang X, Lei Y, Varshney RK, Liao B, Jiang H. Key Regulators of Sucrose Metabolism Identified through Comprehensive Comparative Transcriptome Analysis in Peanuts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147266. [PMID: 34298903 PMCID: PMC8306169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose content is a crucial indicator of quality and flavor in peanut seed, and there is a lack of clarity on the molecular basis of sucrose metabolism in peanut seed. In this context, we performed a comprehensive comparative transcriptome study on the samples collected at seven seed development stages between a high-sucrose content variety (ICG 12625) and a low-sucrose content variety (Zhonghua 10). The transcriptome analysis identified a total of 8334 genes exhibiting significantly different abundances between the high- and low-sucrose varieties. We identified 28 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in sucrose metabolism in peanut and 12 of these encoded sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs). The remaining 16 genes encoded enzymes, such as cell wall invertase (CWIN), vacuolar invertase (VIN), cytoplasmic invertase (CIN), cytosolic fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase (FBP), sucrose synthase (SUS), cytosolic phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), hexokinase (HK), and sucrose-phosphate phosphatase (SPP). The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified seven genes encoding key enzymes (CIN, FBA, FBP, HK, and SPP), three SWEET genes, and 90 transcription factors (TFs) showing a high correlation with sucrose content. Furthermore, upon validation, six of these genes were successfully verified as exhibiting higher expression in high-sucrose recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Our study suggested the key roles of the high expression of SWEETs and enzymes in sucrose synthesis making the genotype ICG 12625 sucrose-rich. This study also provided insights into the molecular basis of sucrose metabolism during seed development and facilitated exploring key candidate genes and molecular breeding for sucrose content in peanuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Li Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (M.K.P.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Yuning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Liangqiang Cheng
- Oil Research Institute of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang 550006, China;
| | - Jianbin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Bolun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Huaiyong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Weigang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Liying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Yong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (M.K.P.); (R.K.V.)
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia
| | - Boshou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8671-1550; Fax: +86-27-8681-6451
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Salicylic acid treatment mitigates chilling injury in peach fruit by regulation of sucrose metabolism and soluble sugar content. Food Chem 2021; 358:129867. [PMID: 33979685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peach fruit stored in the cold are susceptible to chilling injury. A pre-storage treatment with the natural hormone salicylic acid can alleviate chilling damage, although the mechanism is unclear. We found that a treatment with 1 μmol L-1 salicylic acid for 15 min prior to storage at 4 °C delayed and reduced fruit internal browning, a symptom of chilling injury. Salicylic acid had a large effect on sugar metabolism, increasing total soluble sugars via a substantial increase in sucrose content. The transcript abundance of genes related to sucrose biosynthesis and degradation was significantly regulated by salicylic acid, consistent with the changes in sucrose content. Salicylic acid treatment also increased the expression of two DREB cold stress-related proteins, transcriptional activators that regulate cold resistance pathways. The results show that salicylic acid alleviates chilling injury in peach by multiple mechanisms, including an increased content of sucrose and activation of cold response genes.
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Nilo-Poyanco R, Moraga C, Benedetto G, Orellana A, Almeida AM. Shotgun proteomics of peach fruit reveals major metabolic pathways associated to ripening. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:17. [PMID: 33413072 PMCID: PMC7788829 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit ripening in Prunus persica melting varieties involves several physiological changes that have a direct impact on the fruit organoleptic quality and storage potential. By studying the proteomic differences between the mesocarp of mature and ripe fruit, it would be possible to highlight critical molecular processes involved in the fruit ripening. RESULTS To accomplish this goal, the proteome from mature and ripe fruit was assessed from the variety O'Henry through shotgun proteomics using 1D-gel (PAGE-SDS) as fractionation method followed by LC/MS-MS analysis. Data from the 131,435 spectra could be matched to 2740 proteins, using the peach genome reference v1. After data pre-treatment, 1663 proteins could be used for comparison with datasets assessed using transcriptomic approaches and for quantitative protein accumulation analysis. Close to 26% of the genes that code for the proteins assessed displayed higher expression at ripe fruit compared to other fruit developmental stages, based on published transcriptomic data. Differential accumulation analysis between mature and ripe fruit revealed that 15% of the proteins identified were modulated by the ripening process, with glycogen and isocitrate metabolism, and protein localization overrepresented in mature fruit, as well as cell wall modification in ripe fruit. Potential biomarkers for the ripening process, due to their differential accumulation and gene expression pattern, included a pectin methylesterase inhibitor, a gibbellerin 2-beta-dioxygenase, an omega-6 fatty acid desaturase, a homeobox-leucine zipper protein and an ACC oxidase. Transcription factors enriched in NAC and Myb protein domains would target preferentially the genes encoding proteins more abundant in mature and ripe fruit, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Shotgun proteomics is an unbiased approach to get deeper into the proteome allowing to detect differences in protein abundance between samples. This technique provided a resolution so that individual gene products could be identified. Many proteins likely involved in cell wall and sugar metabolism, aroma and color, change their abundance during the transition from mature to ripe fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Nilo-Poyanco
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Chile
| | - Carol Moraga
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Inria Grenoble Rhône-Alpes, 38334, Montbonnot, France
| | - Gianfranco Benedetto
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel Orellana
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada, 2085, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Miyasaka Almeida
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Chile.
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Chile.
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33
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Walker RP, Battistelli A, Bonghi C, Drincovich MF, Falchi R, Lara MV, Moscatello S, Vizzotto G, Famiani F. Non-structural Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Flesh of Stone Fruits of the Genus Prunus (Rosaceae) - A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:549921. [PMID: 33240291 PMCID: PMC7683422 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.549921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates are abundant constituents of the ripe flesh of all stone fruits. The bulk of their content comprises sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol. However, the abundance of each of these carbohydrates in the flesh differs between species, and also with its stage of development. In this article the import, subcellular compartmentation, contents, metabolism and functions of non-structural carbohydrates in the flesh of commercially cultivated stone fruits of the family Rosaceae are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Walker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Porano, Italy
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova Agripolis, Legnaro, Italy
| | - María F. Drincovich
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rachele Falchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - María V. Lara
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Porano, Italy
| | - Giannina Vizzotto
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Franco Famiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Towarnicki SG, Ballard JWO. Towards understanding the evolutionary dynamics of mtDNA. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2020; 31:355-364. [PMID: 33026269 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2020.1830076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Historically, mtDNA was considered a selectively neutral marker that was useful for estimating the population genetic history of the maternal lineage. Over time there has been an increasing appreciation of mtDNA and mitochondria in maintaining cellular and organismal health. Beyond energy production, mtDNA and mitochondria have critical cellular roles in signalling. Here we briefly review the structure of mtDNA and the role of the mitochondrion in energy production. We then discuss the predictions that can be obtained from quaternary structure modelling and focus on mitochondrial complex I. Complex I is the primary entry point for electrons into the electron transport system is the largest respiratory complex of the chain and produces about 40% of the proton flux used to synthesize ATP. A focus of the review is Drosophila's utility as a model organism to study the selective advantage of specific mutations. However, we note that the incorporation of insights from a multitude of systems is necessary to fully understand the range of roles that mtDNA has in organismal fitness. We speculate that dietary changes can illicit stress responses that influence the selective advantage of specific mtDNA mutations and cause spatial and temporal fluctuations in the frequencies of mutations. We conclude that developing our understanding of the roles mtDNA has in determining organismal fitness will enable increased evolutionary insight and propose we can no longer assume it is evolving as a strictly neutral marker without testing this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Towarnicki
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - J William O Ballard
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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35
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Zhao Y, Song C, Brummell DA, Qi S, Lin Q, Duan Y. Jasmonic acid treatment alleviates chilling injury in peach fruit by promoting sugar and ethylene metabolism. Food Chem 2020; 338:128005. [PMID: 32977138 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit are highly susceptible to chilling injury during cold storage, resulting in internal flesh browning and a failure to soften normally. We have examined the effect of a postharvest treatment consisting of a brief (30 s) dip in the natural plant hormone jasmonic acid, prior to storage at 4 °C. Jasmonic acid treatment reduced the severity of internal flesh browning and did not inhibit fruit softening over a 35 d storage period. Two major physiological effects of jasmonic acid on the fruit were observed, an increase in ethylene production and a prevention of the decline in soluble sugar content seen in controls. An increased soluble sugar content may have multiple benefits in resisting chilling stress, scavenging reactive oxygen species and acting to stabilize membranes. Our results show that a treatment with jasmonic acid can enhance chilling tolerance of peach fruit by regulating ethylene and sugar metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Congcong Song
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - David A Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Food Industry Science Centre, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Shuning Qi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qiong Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yuquan Duan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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36
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Lü J, Tao X, Yao G, Zhang S, Zhang H. Transcriptome Analysis of Low- and High-Sucrose Pear Cultivars Identifies Key Regulators of Sucrose Biosynthesis in Fruits. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1493-1506. [PMID: 32396606 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose accumulation is one of the important factors that determine fruit enlargement and quality. Evaluation of the sugar profile of 105 pear cultivars revealed low-sucrose and high-sucrose (HS) types of pear fruits. To better understand the molecular mechanisms governing the sucrose content of pear fruits, this study performed transcriptome analysis during fruit development using low-sucrose 'Korla' fragrant pear and HS 'Hosui' pear, and a coexpression module uniquely associated with the control of high-sucrose accumulation was identified by weighted gene coexpression network analysis. These results suggested that there are seven candidate genes encoding key enzymes (fructokinase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase) involved in sucrose biosynthesis and several transcription factors (TFs) whose expression patterns correlate with those of genes associated with sucrose biosynthesis. This correlation was confirmed by linear regression analysis between predicted gene expression and sucrose content in different pear cultivars during fruit development. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanism underlying differences in sucrose content across pear cultivars and presents candidate structural genes and TFs that could play important roles in regulating carbohydrate partitioning and sucrose accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Lü
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gaifang Yao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huping Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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37
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Li L, Wu HX, Ma XW, Xu WT, Liang QZ, Zhan RL, Wang SB. Transcriptional mechanism of differential sugar accumulation in pulp of two contrasting mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars. Genomics 2020; 112:4505-4515. [PMID: 32735916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Temporal transcriptome analysis combined with targeted metabolomics was employed to investigate the mechanisms of high sugar accumulation in fruit pulp of two contrasting mango cultivars. Ten sugar metabolites were identified in mango pulp with the most dominant being d-glucose. Analysis of the gene expression patterns revealed that the high-sugar cultivar prioritized the conversion of sucrose to d-glucose by up-regulating invertases and β-glucosidases and increased other genes directly contributing to the synthesis of sucrose and d-glucose. In contrast, it repressed the expression of genes converting sucrose, d-glucose and other sugars into intermediates compounds for downstream processes. It also strongly increased the expression of alpha-amylases which may promote high degradation of starch into d-glucose. Besides, ¾ of the sugar transporters was strongly up-regulated, indicative of their preponderant role in sugar accumulation in mango fruit. Overall, this study provides a good insight into the regulation pattern of high sugar accumulation in mango pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Hong-Xia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Wen-Tian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Qing-Zhi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
| | - Ru-Lin Zhan
- Haikou Experimental Station (Institute of Tropical Fruit Tree), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Song-Biao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China.
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38
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Pommerrenig B, Müdsam C, Kischka D, Neuhaus HE. Treat and trick: common regulation and manipulation of sugar transporters during sink establishment by the plant and the pathogen. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3930-3940. [PMID: 32242225 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sugar transport proteins are crucial for the coordinated allocation of sugars. In this Expert View we summarize recent key findings of the roles and regulation of sugar transporters in inter- and intracellular transport by focusing on applied approaches, demonstrating how sucrose transporter activity may alter source and sink dynamics and their identities. The plant itself alters its sugar transport activity in a developmentally dependent manner to either establish or load endogenous sinks, for example, during tuber formation and filling. Pathogens represent aberrant sinks that trigger the plant to induce the same processes, resulting in loss of carbon assimilates. We explore common mechanisms of intrinsic, developmentally dependent processes and aberrant, pathogen-induced manipulation of sugar transport. Transporter activity may also be targeted by breeding or genetic modification approaches in crop plants to alter source and sink metabolism upon the overexpression or heterologous expression of these proteins. In addition, we highlight recent progress in the use of sugar analogs to study these processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Müdsam
- Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Kischka
- Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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39
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Wang X, Wang S, Xue Y, Ren X, Xue J, Zhang X. Defoliation, not gibberellin, induces tree peony autumn reflowering regulated by carbon allocation and metabolism in buds and leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:545-555. [PMID: 32305821 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Short and concentrated natural fluorescence hinders tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) annual production, and defoliation and gibberellin (GA) application is used to induce its reflowering in autumn. Here, the individual roles of defoliation and GA treatment were determined by monitoring morphological and soluble sugar changes in buds and leaves, and by investigating carbon allocation- and metabolism-related gene expression. Both defoliation and GA treatment induced early bud development, but induction was faster using the GA treatment. Only defoliation, not GA treatment, induced the final reflowering, although their combination accelerated it. Furthermore, defoliation decreased the sucrose content in buds much faster than the GA treatment. This sucrose reduction may play a key role in tree peony reflowering, and the higher carbon metabolism activity in young leaves after defoliation may further help the reflowering process. Defoliation enhanced the expression of sucrose transporters PsSUT4 and PsSWEET12 in buds, and their expression in young leaves was greater than after GA treatment. This indicated that PsSUT4 and PsSWEET12 may help transport carbon into buds after defoliation. In addition, the invertases, PsCIN2 and PsCWIN1 in young leaves were more highly expressed after defoliation, indicating that they may contribute to reflowering after defoliation by accelerating sucrose hydrolysis in young leaves. In addition, the expression levels of PsVIN1 and PsVIN2 in leaves, and PsVIN2 in buds were more highly induced by GA treatment than by defoliation, indicating that PsVINs may mainly respond to GA treatment. These results may help improve the tree peony forcing culture technology and related industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shunli Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuqian Xue
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuxia Ren
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingqi Xue
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiuxin Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
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40
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Iqbal S, Ni X, Bilal MS, Shi T, Khalil-ur-Rehman M, Zhenpeng P, Jie G, Usman M, Gao Z. Identification and expression profiling of sugar transporter genes during sugar accumulation at different stages of fruit development in apricot. Gene 2020; 742:144584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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41
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Hussain SB, Guo LX, Shi CY, Khan MA, Bai YX, Du W, Liu YZ. Assessment of sugar and sugar accumulation-related gene expression profiles reveal new insight into the formation of low sugar accumulation trait in a sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) bud mutant. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2781-2791. [PMID: 32212013 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of soluble sugars in fleshy fruits largely determines their sweetness or taste. A spontaneous sweet orange mutant 'Hong Anliu' (HAL, Citrus sinensis) accumulates low soluble sugar content in fruit juice sacs than its wild type, 'Anliu' (AL) orange; however, the cause of reduced sugar content in 'HAL' fruit remains unclear. In this study, sugar content and expression profiles of genes involved in sugar metabolism and transport were compared between 'HAL' and 'AL' fruit juice sacs. In both cultivars, fructose and glucose displayed the increasing trends with significantly lower contents in 'HAL' than 'AL' after 160 DAF; moreover, sucrose had a declining trend in 'HAL' and increasing trend in 'AL' with fruit development. On the other hand, transcript levels of VINV, CWINV1, CWINV2, SUS4, SUS5, SPS1, SPS2, VPP-1, VPP-2, and some sugar transporter genes were significantly decreased in 'HAL' compared with 'AL' after 100 DAF or 160 DAF. Interestingly, the transcript levels of SPS2 and SUT2 exhibited a similar trend as it was found for sucrose content in both cultivars. These results suggested that the low sugar accumulation in 'HAL' fruit JS is accompanied by the reduced sink strength, sucrose-synthesis ability, and vacuolar storage ability compared with 'AL'; reduction of CWINVs, VINV, SPS2, SUT2, VPP-1, and VPP-2 transcript levels possibly plays a key role in the low storage of soluble sugars in the vacuoles of mutant juice sacs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Bilal Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Xia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Yun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Abbas Khan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Zhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China. .,College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Peng Q, Wang L, Ogutu C, Liu J, Liu L, Mollah MDA, Han Y. Functional Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Role of PpTST1 Encoding Tonoplast Sugar Transporter in Sugar Accumulation of Peach Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1112. [PMID: 32046163 PMCID: PMC7038102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar content is related to fruit sweetness, and the complex mechanisms underlying fruit sugar accumulation still remain elusive. Here, we report a peach PpTST1 gene encoding tonoplast sugar transporter that is located in the quantitative trait loci (QTL) interval on Chr5 controlling fruit sucrose content. One derived Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (dCAPS) marker was developed based on a nonsynonymous G/T variant in the third exon of PpTST1. Genotyping of peach cultivars with the dCAPS marker revealed a significant difference in fruit sugar content among genotypes. PpTST1 is located in the tonoplast, and substitution of glutamine by histidine caused by the G/T variation has no impact on subcellular location. The expression profile of PpTST1 exhibited a consistency with the sugar accumulation pattern, and its transient silencing significantly inhibited sugar accumulation in peach fruits. All of these results demonstrated the role of PpTST1 in regulating sugar accumulation in peach fruit. In addition, cis-elements for binding of MYB and WRKY transcript factors were found in the promoter sequence of PpTST1, suggesting a gene regulatory network of fruit sugar accumulation. Our results are not only helpful for understanding the mechanisms underlying fruit sugar accumulation, but will also be useful for the genetic improvement of fruit sweetness in peach breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Collins Ogutu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Md. Dulal Ali Mollah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Fang T, Cai Y, Yang Q, Ogutu CO, Liao L, Han Y. Analysis of sorbitol content variation in wild and cultivated apples. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:139-144. [PMID: 31471896 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorbitol is the major sugar alcohol in apple and its accumulation in fruit is associated with fruit sweetness. However, little is known about variation in sorbitol content in fruits of apple germplasm. In this study, we investigated sorbitol content in mature fruits of 243 apple cultivars and 20 wild relatives using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Sorbitol accumulation showed a significant variation in apple germplasm. Overall, cultivated fruits had significantly lower content of sorbitol than wild fruits. Fruit sorbitol concentration was significantly correlated with fruit size and acidity that are extensively domesticated traits. Hence, the variation in sorbitol accumulation between cultivated and wild fruits may be the indirect result of fruit size and acidity selection during domestication. Moreover, sorbitol content was maintained at low levels throughout fruit development, with a dramatic decrease at the middle stage. The SDH1 gene was highly expressed throughout fruit development, and its expression showed a significant correlation with fruit sorbitol concentration, suggesting its potential role in apple fruit sorbitol accumulation. CONCLUSIONS The finding that there is a great variation in fruit sorbitol content among apple germplasm will be helpful for genetic improvement of fruit sorbitol content in apple breeding programs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaming Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiurui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Collins O Ogutu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liao Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Dos Santos CP, Batista MC, da Cruz Saraiva KD, Roque ALM, de Souza Miranda R, Alexandre E Silva LM, Moura CFH, Alves Filho EG, Canuto KM, Costa JH. Transcriptome analysis of acerola fruit ripening: insights into ascorbate, ethylene, respiration, and softening metabolisms. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:269-296. [PMID: 31338671 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The first transcriptome coupled to metabolite analyses reveals major trends during acerola fruit ripening and shed lights on ascorbate, ethylene signalling, cellular respiration, sugar accumulation, and softening key regulatory genes. Acerola is a fast growing and ripening fruit that exhibits high amounts of ascorbate. During ripening, the fruit experience high respiratory rates leading to ascorbate depletion and a quickly fragile and perishable state. Despite its growing economic importance, understanding of its developmental metabolism remains obscure due to the absence of genomic and transcriptomic data. We performed an acerola transcriptome sequencing that generated over 600 million reads, 40,830 contigs, and provided the annotation of 25,298 unique transcripts. Overall, this study revealed the main metabolic changes that occur in the acerola ripening. This transcriptional profile linked to metabolite measurements, allowed us to focus on ascorbate, ethylene, respiration, sugar, and firmness, the major metabolism indicators for acerola quality. Our results suggest a cooperative role of several genes involved in AsA biosynthesis (PMM, GMP1 and 3, GME1 and 2, GGP1 and 2), translocation (NAT3, 4, 6 and 6-like) and recycling (MDHAR2 and DHAR1) pathways for AsA accumulation in unripe fruits. Moreover, the association of metabolites with transcript profiles provided a comprehensive understanding of ethylene signalling, respiration, sugar accumulation and softening of acerola, shedding light on promising key regulatory genes. Overall, this study provides a foundation for further examination of the functional significance of these genes to improve fruit quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clesivan Pereira Dos Santos
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Mathias Coelho Batista
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Kátia Daniella da Cruz Saraiva
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraíba, Campus Princesa Isabel, Princesa Isabel, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Maia Roque
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60451-970, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - José Hélio Costa
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60451-970, Brazil.
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Wei W, Cheng MN, Ba LJ, Zeng RX, Luo DL, Qin YH, Liu ZL, Kuang JF, Lu WJ, Chen JY, Su XG, Shan W. Pitaya HpWRKY3 Is Associated with Fruit Sugar Accumulation by Transcriptionally Modulating Sucrose Metabolic Genes HpINV2 and HpSuSy1. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081890. [PMID: 30999552 PMCID: PMC6514986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar level is an important determinant of fruit taste and consumer preferences. However, upstream regulators that control sugar accumulation during fruit maturation are poorly understood. In the present work, we found that glucose is the main sugar in mature pitaya (Hylocereus) fruit, followed by fructose and sucrose. Expression levels of two sucrose-hydrolyzing enzyme genes HpINV2 and HpSuSy1 obviously increased during fruit maturation, which were correlated well with the elevated accumulation of glucose and fructose. A WRKY transcription factor HpWRKY3 was further identified as the putative binding protein of the HpINV2 and HpSuSy1 promoters by yeast one-hybrid and gel mobility shift assays. HpWRKY3 was localized exclusively in the nucleus and possessed trans-activation ability. HpWRKY3 exhibited the similar expression pattern with HpINV2 and HpSuSy1. Finally, transient expression assays in tobacco leaves showed that HpWRKY3 activated the expressions of HpINV2 and HpSuSy1. Taken together, we propose that HpWRKY3 is associated with pitaya fruit sugar accumulation by activating the transcriptions of sucrose metabolic genes. Our findings thus shed light on the transcriptional mechanism that regulates the sugar accumulation during pitaya fruit quality formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Mei-Nv Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Liang-Jie Ba
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550003, China.
| | - Run-Xi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Dong-Lan Luo
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550003, China.
| | - Yong-Hua Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zong-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jian-Fei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Wang-Jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jian-Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xin-Guo Su
- Department of Food Science, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Luo T, Shuai L, Liao L, Li J, Duan Z, Guo X, Xue X, Han D, Wu Z. Soluble Acid Invertases Act as Key Factors Influencing the Sucrose/Hexose Ratio and Sugar Receding in Longan ( Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Pulp. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:352-363. [PMID: 30541284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soluble acid invertases (SAIs) cleave sucrose into hexose in vacuoles and play important roles in influencing fruit quality. However, their potential roles in regulating sugar composition and the "sugar receding" process of longan fruits lacked systematic investigations. Our results showed that sucrose/hexose ratios and sugar receding rates of longan pulp varied among cultivars. Analysis of enzymes for sucrose synthesis and cleavage indicated that DlSAI showed the highest negative correlation with sucrose/hexose ratio at both of activity and expression level. Moreover, high SAI activity and DlSAI expression resulted in extremely low sucrose/hexose ratio in 'Luosanmu' longan from development to mature stages and a remarkable loss of sugar in 'Shixia' longan fruits during on-tree preservation. In conclusion, DlSAIs act as key factors influencing sucrose/hexose ratio and sugar receding through transcriptional and enzymatic regulations. These results might help improve the quality of on-tree preserved longan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Luo
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P.R. China
| | - Liang Shuai
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P.R. China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology , Hezhou University , Hezhou 542899 , Guangxi P.R. China
| | - Lingyan Liao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology , Hezhou University , Hezhou 542899 , Guangxi P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Duan
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology , Hezhou University , Hezhou 542899 , Guangxi P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Guo
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Xue
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Han
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture , Guangzhou 510640 , P.R. China
| | - Zhenxian Wu
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Education , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P.R. China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center , Guangzhou 510642 , P.R. China
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Alseekh S, Bermudez L, de Haro LA, Fernie AR, Carrari F. Crop metabolomics: from diagnostics to assisted breeding. Metabolomics 2018; 14:148. [PMID: 30830402 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until recently, plant metabolomics have provided a deep understanding on the metabolic regulation in individual plants as experimental units. The application of these techniques to agricultural systems subjected to more complex interactions is a step towards the implementation of translational metabolomics in crop breeding. AIM OF REVIEW We present here a review paper discussing advances in the knowledge reached in the last years derived from the application of metabolomic techniques that evolved from biomarker discovery to improve crop yield and quality. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Translational metabolomics applied to crop breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Luisa Bermudez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IB-INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), PO Box 25, B1686WAA, Castelar, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Alejandro de Haro
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IB-INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), PO Box 25, B1686WAA, Castelar, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Fernando Carrari
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IB-INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), PO Box 25, B1686WAA, Castelar, Argentina.
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil.
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Wang D, Zhao J, Hu B, Li J, Qin Y, Chen L, Qin Y, Hu G. Identification and expression profile analysis of the sucrose phosphate synthase gene family in Litchi chinensis Sonn. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4379. [PMID: 29473005 PMCID: PMC5816967 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS, EC 2.4.1.14) is a key enzyme that regulates sucrose biosynthesis in plants. SPS is encoded by different gene families which display differential expression patterns and functional divergence. Genome-wide identification and expression analyses of SPS gene families have been performed in Arabidopsis, rice, and sugarcane, but a comprehensive analysis of the SPS gene family in Litchi chinensis Sonn. has not yet been reported. In the current study, four SPS gene (LcSPS1, LcSPS2, LcSPS3, and LcSPS4) were isolated from litchi. The genomic organization analysis indicated the four litchi SPS genes have very similar exon-intron structures. Phylogenetic tree showed LcSPS1-4 were grouped into different SPS families (LcSPS1 and LcSPS2 in A family, LcSPS3 in B family, and LcSPS4 in C family). LcSPS1 and LcSPS4 were strongly expressed in the flowers, while LcSPS3 most expressed in mature leaves. RT-qPCR results showed that LcSPS genes expressed differentially during aril development between cultivars with different hexose/sucrose ratios. A higher level of expression of LcSPS genes was detected in Wuheli, which accumulates higher sucrose in the aril at mature. The tissue- and developmental stage-specific expression of LcSPS1-4 genes uncovered in this study increase our understanding of the important roles played by these genes in litchi fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jietang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Li S, Shao Z, Fu X, Xiao W, Li L, Chen M, Sun M, Li D, Gao D. Identification and characterization of Prunus persica miRNAs in response to UVB radiation in greenhouse through high-throughput sequencing. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:938. [PMID: 29197334 PMCID: PMC5712094 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression of target mRNAs involved in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress. As one of the most important model plants, peach (Prunus persica) has high agricultural significance and nutritional values. It is well adapted to be cultivated in greenhouse in which some auxiliary conditions like temperature, humidity, and UVB etc. are needed to ensure the fruit quality. However, little is known about the genomic information of P. persica under UVB supplement. Transcriptome and expression profiling data for this species are therefore important resources to better understand the biological mechanism of seed development, formation and plant adaptation to environmental change. Using a high-throughput miRNA sequencing, followed by qRT-PCR tests and physiological properties determination, we identified the responsive-miRNAs under low-dose UVB treatment and described the expression pattern and putative function of related miRNAs and target genes in chlorophyll and carbohydrate metabolism. Results A total of 164 known peach miRNAs belonging to 59 miRNA families and 109 putative novel miRNAs were identified. Some of these miRNAs were highly conserved in at least four other plant species. In total, 1794 and 1983 target genes for known and novel miRNAs were predicted, respectively. The differential expression profiles of miRNAs between the control and UVB-supplement group showed that UVB-responsive miRNAs were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism and signal transduction. UVB supplement stimulated peach to synthesize more chlorophyll and sugars, which was verified by qRT-PCR tests of related target genes and metabolites’ content measurement. Conclusion The high-throughput sequencing data provided the most comprehensive miRNAs resource available for peach study. Our results identified a series of differentially expressed miRNAs/target genes that were predicted to be low-dose UVB-responsive. The correlation between transcriptional profiles and metabolites contents in UVB supplement groups gave novel clues for the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in Prunus. Low-dose UVB supplement could increase the chlorophyll and sugar (sorbitol) contents via miRNA-target genes and therefore improve the fruit quality in protected cultivation of peaches. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s12864-017-4347-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxuan Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanru Shao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiling Fu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Sun
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongsheng Gao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, People's Republic of China.
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