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Sayed K, Wan-Mohtar WHM, Mohd Hanafiah Z, Bithi AS, Md Isa N, Abd Manan TSB. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant through wastewater irrigation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 109:104475. [PMID: 38777114 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The present investigation focuses on the identification of popular PhACs in roots, leaves and rice grains, which are cultivated in soil irrigated with waters and wastewater. The present study reveals the presence of PhACs in rice grains from different brands which are available in the current market, which has thus motivated these experiments. The rice plants were cultivated in garden containers and irrigated with three different water sources. All PhAC compounds were recovered within an 89-111 % range using the extraction technique, reproducibility, and sensitivity (LOQ <25 µg/g). Further, PhAC compounds were identified using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QqTOF-MS). Interestingly, several PhAC compounds were detected in rice grains, aligning with hypotheses and findings from published literature. A total of ten (10) PhACs were found in the root, leaf, and rice grain of the 20 popular PhACs that were targeted. The annual exposure and medical dose equivalent for individual PhACs was negligible. According to our knowledge, this study is the first to show the accumulation of several categories (cocktail) of PhACs in rice grains and show the approximate human health risk assessment by its consumption. The study's results provide valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and agricultural practitioners working on sustainable agriculture and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Sayed
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43600, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Hanna Melini Wan-Mohtar
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43600, Malaysia; Environmental Management Centre, Institute of Climate Change, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Zarimah Mohd Hanafiah
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Aziza Sultana Bithi
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43600, Malaysia
| | - Nurulhikma Md Isa
- Faculty of Science & Technology, National University of Malaysia (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan 43600, Malaysia
| | - Teh Sabariah Binti Abd Manan
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman 21030, Malaysia
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2
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Chang J, Gao K, Li R, Dong F, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Li Y. Comparative uptake, translocation and metabolism of phenamacril in crops under hydroponic and soil cultivation conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171670. [PMID: 38485020 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Many studies investigate the plant uptake and metabolism of xenobiotics by hydroponic experiments, however, plants grown in different conditions (hydroponic vs. soil) may result in different behaviors. To explore the potential differences, a comparative study on the uptake, translocation and metabolism of the fungicide phenamacril in crops (wheat/rice) under hydroponic and soil cultivation conditions was conducted. During 7-14 days of exposure, the translocation factors (TFs) of phenamacril were greatly overestimated in hydroponic-wheat (3.6-5.2) than those in soil-wheat systems (1.1-2.0), with up to 3.3 times of difference between the two cultivation systems, implying it should be cautious to extrapolate the results obtained from hydroponic to field conditions. M-144 was formed in soil pore water (19.1-29.9 μg/L) in soil-wheat systems but not in the hydroponic solution in hydroponics; M-232 was only formed in wheat shoots (89.7-103.0 μg/kg) under soil cultivation conditions, however, it was detected in hydroponic solution (20.1-21.2 μg/L), wheat roots (146.8-166.0 μg/kg), and shoots (239.2-348.1 μg/kg) under hydroponic conditions. The root concentration factors (RCFs) and TFs of phenamacril in rice were up to 2.4 and 3.6 times higher than that in wheat for 28 days of the hydroponic exposure, respectively. These results highlighted that cultivation conditions and plant species could influence the fate of pesticides in crops, which should be considered to better assess the potential accumulation and transformation of pesticides in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhe Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Kang Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, XinXiang 453500, China.
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qingming Zhang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yuanbo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, XinXiang 453500, China
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3
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Li B, Yao Z, Wei D, Guo L, Ma Z, Li C. Uptake, accumulation and metabolism of UV-320 in vegetables and its impact on growth and quality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171228. [PMID: 38402974 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
UV-320 is classified as a Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) by the European Chemicals Agency and has attracted significant attention due to its presence in the environment. Understanding the uptake, translocation and metabolic patterns of UV-320 in vegetables is essential for assessing their ability to bioaccumulate and potential risks to human health. In this study, we investigated the uptake and translocation of UV-320 in lettuce and radish by hydroponic experiments. The results showed that the root concentration factors (Croot/Csolution, RCF) of lettuce and radish were in the range of 47.9 to 464 mL/g and 194 to 787 mL/g, respectively. The transfer factors (Cshoot/Croot, TF) were observed to be 0.001-0.012 for lettuce and 0.02-0.05 for radish. Additionally, non-targeted screening identified twelve phase I and one phase II metabolites of UV-320 in vegetables, which were confirmed based on their molecular formulas and structures. The metabolic pathways involving oxidation, ketonylation and deamination were proposed in vegetables. Also, we have observed that UV-320 inhibits the growth of vegetables. Meanwhile, we evaluated the health risk of UV-320 in lettuce and radish and found that the consumption of lettuce is relatively safe, while the consumption of radish has a risk of HQ >1 for both adults and children, which should be seriously considered. This study provides valuable insights into the behavior and ecological risks of UV-320 in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingru Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Dizhe Wei
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Linlin Guo
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co, Ltd, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Zhihong Ma
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Cheng Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100097, China.
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4
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Barola C, Brambilla G, Galarini R, Moretti S, Morabito S. Assessment of the combined inputs of antimicrobials from top soil improvers and irrigation waters on green leafy vegetable fields. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:313-324. [PMID: 38295296 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2306930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable food systems involve the recycling of biowaste and water. This study characterizes thirty-one top soil improvers of anthropogenic, animal, and green waste origin, along with eleven irrigation waters from rivers, channels, and civil wastewater treatment plants (cWWTPs) for the presence of antimicrobials. Liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) was employed to identify forty-eight drugs belonging to the classes of sulfonamides (11), tetracyclines (7), fluoroquinolones (10), macrolides (12), amphenicols (3), pleuromutilins (2), diaminopyrimidines (1), rifamycins (1) and licosamides (1). Sludge from cWWTPs, animal manure, slurry, and poultry litter exhibited the highest loads for sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and macrolides (80, 470, 885, and 4,487 ng g-1 wet weight, respectively) with nor- and ciprofloxacin serving as markers for anthropogenic sources. In compost and digestate, antimicrobials were found to be almost always below the limits of quantification. Reused water from cWWTPs for irrigation in open-field lettuce production were contaminated in the range of 12-221 ng L-1 with sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones, compared to very few detected in channels and surface waters. The Antimicrobials Hazard Index (HI), based on the Predicted No Effect Concentration for Antimicrobial Resistance (PNECAMR), was significantly >100 in contaminated topsoil improvers from urban and animal sources. Accounting for worst-case inputs from topsoil improvers and irrigation water, as well as dilution factors in amended soil, fluoroquinolones only exhibited an HI around 1 in open fields for lettuce production. The origin of topsoil improvers plays a pivotal role in ensuring safe and sustainable leafy vegetable production, thereby mitigating the risk of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) onset in food-borne diseases and the transfer of AMR elements to the human gut flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Barola
- Centro Specialistico Sviluppo Metodi Analitici, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Brambilla
- Food Borne Diseases and One Health Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Centro Specialistico Sviluppo Metodi Analitici, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Simone Moretti
- Centro Specialistico Sviluppo Metodi Analitici, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Morabito
- Food Borne Diseases and One Health Unit, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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5
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Yévenes K, Ibáñez MJ, Pokrant E, Flores A, Maturana M, Maddaleno A, Cornejo J. A Suitable HPLC-MS/MS Methodology for the Detection of Oxytetracycline, Enrofloxacin, and Sulfachloropyridazine Residues in Lettuce Plants. Foods 2024; 13:153. [PMID: 38201182 PMCID: PMC10779216 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxytetracycline (OTC), enrofloxacin (EFX), and sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) are critically important antimicrobials (AMs) in both human and veterinary medicine, where they are widely used in farm animals. Lettuce has become a matrix of choice for studying the presence of residues of these AMs in plants, as the concentrations of residues detected in lettuce can range from ng to mg. While several analytical methodologies have been developed for the purpose of detecting AMs in lettuce, these currently do not detect both the parent compound and its active metabolites or epimers, such as in the case of ciprofloxacin (CFX) and 4-epi-oxitetracycline (4-epi-OTC), which also pose a risk to public health and the environment due to their AM activity. In light of this situation, this work proposes an analytical method that was developed specifically to allow for the detection of OTC, 4-epi-OTC, EFX, CFX, and SCP in a lettuce matrix. This method uses acetonitrile, methanol, 0.5% formic acid, and McIlvaine-EDTA buffer as extraction solvents, and dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) for the clean-up. The analytes were detected using a liquid chromatography technique coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Parameters such as the specificity, linearity, recovery, precision, limit of detection, and limit (LOD) of quantification (LOQ) were calculated according to the recommendations established in the European Union decision 2021/808/EC and VICH GL2: Validation of analytical procedures. The LOQ for the analytes OTC, 4-epi-OTC, CFX, and SCP was 1 μg·kg-1, whereas for EFX, it was 5 μg·kg-1 dry weight. All calibration curves showed a coefficient of determination (R2) of >0.99. The recovery levels ranged from 93.0 to 110.5% and the precision met the acceptance criteria, with a coefficient of variation of ≤14.02%. Therefore, this methodology allows for the precise and reliable detection and quantification of these analytes. The analysis of commercial samples confirmed the suitability of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Yévenes
- Department of Preventive Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (K.Y.); (M.J.I.); (E.P.)
- Doctorate Program of Forestry, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (DCSAV), Southern Campus, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - María José Ibáñez
- Department of Preventive Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (K.Y.); (M.J.I.); (E.P.)
| | - Ekaterina Pokrant
- Department of Preventive Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (K.Y.); (M.J.I.); (E.P.)
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology (FARMAVET), Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrés Flores
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology (FARMAVET), Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Matías Maturana
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology (FARMAVET), Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Aldo Maddaleno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology (FARMAVET), Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Javiera Cornejo
- Department of Preventive Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (K.Y.); (M.J.I.); (E.P.)
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology (FARMAVET), Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (A.F.); (M.M.); (A.M.)
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6
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Sleight H, Boxall ABA, Toet S. Uptake of Pharmaceuticals by Crops: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2091-2104. [PMID: 37341550 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the uptake of pharmaceuticals from soils into crops were first conducted in the 2000s. Since then a wealth of such data has been generated, but to the best of our knowledge, these studies have not been systematically reviewed. We present a quantitative, systematic review of empirical data on the uptake of pharmaceuticals into crops. We developed a custom-made relational database on plant uptake of pharmaceuticals that contained details of the experimental design and associated results from 150 articles, spanning 173 pharmaceuticals, 78 study crops, and 8048 unique measurements. Analysis of the data in the database showed clear trends in experimental design, with lettuce being the most studied crop and carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole being the most studied pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutical properties were found to create the greatest range in uptake concentrations of any single variable studied. Uptake concentrations were also found to vary between crops, with relatively high uptake concentrations identified in cress, lettuce, rice, and courgette crops. An understanding of the influence of soil properties on pharmaceutical uptake was limited by a lack of information on key soil properties across the published literature. The data comparisons were inhibited by differences in quality of the different studies. Moving forward, a framework for best practice in this field is needed to maximize the value and further applications of the data produced. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2091-2104. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Sleight
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Sylvia Toet
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
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Zhang L, Bai J, Zhai Y, Zhang K, Wang Y, Xiao R, Jorquera MA. Effects of antibiotics on the endophyte and phyllosphere bacterial communities of lotus from above and below surface water in a typical shallow lake. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107812. [PMID: 37343440 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are ubiquitous pollutants that are widely found in aquatic ecosystems, where the bacterial community of aquatic plants is influenced by antibiotics. However, differences between endophyte and phyllosphere bacteria of Lotus from above and below surface water remains unclear. Lotus samples from above and below the surface water were collected to investigate the differences in endophyte and phyllosphere bacteria and dominant environmental factors in regions with low (L-) and high (H-) total antibiotic levels. There were significant differences in Shannon diversity between endophyte and phyllosphere bacteria except between the below-surface water phyllosphere bacteria and below-surface water endophytes in both L-antibiotic and H-antibiotic regions, with higher values for phyllosphere bacteria. The dominant phylum in all phyllosphere samples was Proteobacteria (76.1%-92.5%), while Cyanobacteria (47.8%-81.1%) was dominant in all endophyte samples. The dominant source of above-surface water endophytes was below-surface water endophytes (83.68-91.25%), below-surface water phyllosphere bacteria (48.43-55.91%) for above-surface water phyllosphere bacteria, and above-surface water endophytes (53.83-61.80%) for below-surface water endophytes, while the dominant contributor to the below-surface water phyllosphere bacteria was also below-surface water endophytes (52.96-61.00%) in two regions, indicating that antibiotic stress changed the sink‒source relationship between endophytes and phyllosphere bacteria. The physical-chemical properties of surface water and sediments could be responsible for the variations in the above- and below-surface water endophytes and phyllosphere bacteria in both regions. It is suggested that antibiotics may have a substantial effect on endophyte and phyllosphere bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Junhong Bai
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, 256600, China.
| | - Yujia Zhai
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Kegang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, FuZhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Milko A Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Egbeyemi MM, Lateef SA, Akinsete SJ, Omobowale MO, Ewemoje TA. Health risk assessment for uptake and accumulation of pharmaceuticals in jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius) irrigated with treated hospital wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:956. [PMID: 37452922 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of reclaimed water for crop irrigation presents a route through which pharmaceuticals enter the agro-environment, raising concerns about their potential inclusion into the food chain and associated health risks. The main objective of this study was to determine the accumulation of six pharmaceuticals (paracetamol, diclofenac and ibuprofen, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole) in edible part of jute mallow (JM) (Corchorus olitorius) irrigated with treated hospital wastewater (THWW) and potential health risks associated with the consumption of the contaminated JM. In a greenhouse experiment, JM vegetable was grown in soils irrigated with groundwater and THWW. After 4 weeks of cultivation, the pharmaceutical concentrations in the soil and JM tissues were determined. The uptake and accumulation of the pharmaceuticals in the irrigated JM and the human health risks associated with their consumption were evaluated. Results showed that the THWW-irrigated and groundwater-irrigated soils accumulated all the studied pharmaceuticals except paracetamol and sulfamethoxazole, with the concentrations in the soil before and after irrigation ranging from 0.01 to 0.14 μg g-1 and 0.03 to 1.35 μg g-1, respectively. In JM leaves, the accumulation was in the order of tetracycline > ciprofloxacin > ibuprofen > diclofenac and tetracycline > ciprofloxacin > diclofenac > ibuprofen under THWW-irrigated and groundwater-irrigated treatments, respectively. Under both treatments, the uptake and accumulation of the studied pharmaceuticals were in the order of roots > stem > leaves. The health risk assessment indicated that the consumption of the studied pharmaceuticals through JM implies some risks to human health and the risks were in the order of tetracycline > diclofenac > ciprofloxacin > ibuprofen > paracetamol > sulfamethoxazole. This study has demonstrated that irrigation with reclaimed water is a major route of pharmaceuticals into the food chain and a key determinant of associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Margaret Egbeyemi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Suraju Adekunle Lateef
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Shade John Akinsete
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mobolaji Oluyimika Omobowale
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Temitayo Abayomi Ewemoje
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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9
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Li Y, Liu H, Xing W, Wang J, Fan H. Effects of irrigation water quality on the presence of pharmaceutical and personal care products in topsoil and vegetables in greenhouses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13726-13738. [PMID: 36136194 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment has harmful effects on humans and the ecosystem. Reclaimed water irrigation may introduce PPCPs into the agricultural system. Here, a greenhouse experiment investigated the impact of reclaimed water irrigation on PPCP levels in the edible parts of vegetables and topsoil in the North China Plain in 2015 and 2016. Three treatment protocols were applied to each vegetable: irrigation with reclaimed water, irrigation with groundwater, and mixed irrigation with groundwater and reclaimed water (1:1, v/v). The total concentrations of 10 PPCPs in the topsoil (0-20 cm deep) and vegetables were 4.06-19.0 and 2.33-189 μg/kg, respectively. Among the target PPCPs, acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (AC-SMX) had the highest concentration in both soil and vegetables (0.23-10.8 and 1.56-116 μg/kg, respectively). The total concentration of the 10 PPCPs among cabbage, cauliflower, carrot, and cucumber were 13.1-28.1, 10.3-28.3, 2.33-4.04, and 110-189 μg/kg, respectively. The total hazard quotients for the mixture of target PPCPs across all vegetables were 0.0007 and 0.0003 for toddlers and adults, respectively. Compared with groundwater irrigation, reclaimed water irrigation did not evidently affect the vegetable yields, soil-vegetable PPCP concentrations, and BCFs. In this study, we found no potential hazard to human health when people consumed vegetables grown using reclaimed water irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Honglu Liu
- Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Engineering Technique Research Center for Exploration and Utilization of Non-Conventional Water Resources and Water Use Efficiency, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Weimin Xing
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing, 100048, China
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10
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Hader JD, Lane T, Boxall ABA, MacLeod M, Di Guardo A. Enabling forecasts of environmental exposure to chemicals in European agriculture under global change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156478. [PMID: 35667426 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
European agricultural development in the 21st century will be affected by a host of global changes, including climate change, changes in agricultural technologies and practices, and a shift towards a circular economy. The type and quantity of chemicals used, emitted, and cycled through agricultural systems in Europe will change, driven by shifts in the use patterns of pesticides, veterinary pharmaceuticals, reclaimed wastewater used for irrigation, and biosolids. Climate change will also impact the chemical persistence, fate, and transport processes that dictate environmental exposure. Here, we review the literature to identify research that will enable scenario-based forecasting of environmental exposures to organic chemicals in European agriculture under global change. Enabling exposure forecasts requires understanding current and possible future 1.) emissions, 2.) persistence and transformation, and 3.) fate and transport of agricultural chemicals. We discuss current knowledge in these three areas, the impact global change drivers may have on them, and we identify knowledge and data gaps that must be overcome to enable predictive scenario-based forecasts of environmental exposure under global change. Key research gaps identified are: improved understanding of relationships between global change and chemical emissions in agricultural settings; better understanding of environment-microbe interactions in the context of chemical degradation under future conditions; and better methods for downscaling climate change-driven intense precipitation events for chemical fate and transport modelling. We introduce a set of narrative Agricultural Chemical Exposure (ACE) scenarios - augmenting the IPCC's Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) - as a framework for forecasting chemical exposure in European agriculture. The proposed ACE scenarios cover a plausible range of optimistic to pessimistic 21st century development pathways. Filling the knowledge and data gaps identified within this study and using the ACE scenario approach for chemical exposure forecasting will support stakeholder planning and regulatory intervention strategies to ensure European agricultural practices develop in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Hader
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taylor Lane
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair B A Boxall
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew MacLeod
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Antonio Di Guardo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, CO, Italy
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11
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Tao Y, Xing Y, Jing J, Yu P, He M, Zhang J, Chen L, Jia C, Zhao E. Insight into the uptake, accumulation, and metabolism of the fungicide phenamacril in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119240. [PMID: 35367504 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fungal species Fusarium can cause devastating disease in agricultural crops. Phenamacril is an extremely specific cyanoacrylate fungicide and a strobilurine analog that has excellent efficacy against Fusarium. To date, information on the mechanisms involved in the uptake, accumulation, and metabolism of phenamacril in plants is scarce. In this study, lettuce and radish were chosen as model plants for a comparative analysis of the absorption, accumulation, and metabolic characteristics of phenamacril from a polluted environment. We determined the total amount of phenamacril in the plant-water system by measuring the concentrations in the solution and plant tissues at frequent intervals over the exposure period. Phenamacril was readily taken up by the plant roots with average root concentration factor ranges of 60.8-172.7 and 16.4-26.9 mL/g for lettuce and radish, respectively. However, it showed limited root-to-shoot translocation. The lettuce roots had a 2.8-12.4-fold higher phenamacril content than the shoots; whereas the radish plants demonstrated the opposite, with the shoots having 1.5 to 10.0 times more phenamacril than the roots. By the end of the exposure period, the mass losses from the plant-water systems reached 72.0% and 66.3% for phenamacril in lettuce and radish, respectively, suggesting evidence of phenamacril biotransformation. Further analysis confirmed that phenamacril was metabolized via hydroxylation, hydrolysis of esters, demethylation, and desaturation reactions, and formed multiple transformation products. This study furthers our understanding of the fate of phenamacril when it passes from the environment to plants and provides an important reference for its scientific use and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Yinghui Xing
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, PR China
| | - Junjie Jing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Pingzhong Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Min He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Chunhong Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Ercheng Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China.
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12
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Meffe R, de Santiago-Martín A, Teijón G, Martínez Hernández V, López-Heras I, Nozal L, de Bustamante I. Pharmaceutical and transformation products during unplanned water reuse: Insights into natural attenuation, plant uptake and human health impact under field conditions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106835. [PMID: 34450549 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In urban and periurban areas, agricultural soils are often irrigated with surface water containing a complex mixture of contaminants due to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharges. The unplanned water reuse of these resources for crop irrigation can represent a pathway for contaminant propagation and a potential health risk due to their introduction in the food chain. The aim of this study is to provide data about the magnitude of attenuation processes and plant uptake, allowing for a reliable assessment of contaminant transfer among compartments and of the human health risk derived from unplanned water reuse activities. Target compounds are 25 pharmaceuticals, including transformation products (TPs). The field site is an agricultural parcel where maize is irrigated by a gravity-fed surface system supplied by the Jarama river, a water course strongly impacted by WWTP effluents. Throughout the 3-month irrigation period, irrigation water and water infiltrating through the vadose zone were sampled. The agricultural soil was collected before and after the irrigation campaign, and maize was sampled before harvesting. All selected compounds are detected in irrigation water (up to 12,867 ng L-1). Metformin, two metamizole TPs and valsartan occur with the highest concentrations. For most pharmaceuticals, results demonstrate a high natural attenuation during soil infiltration (>60%). However, leached concentrations of some compounds can be still at concern level (>400 ng L-1). A persistent behavior is observed for carbamazepine, carbamazepine epoxide and sulfamethoxazole. Pharmaceutical soil contents are in the order of ng g-1 and positively ionized compounds accumulate more effectively. Results also indicate the presence of a constant pool of drugs in soils. Only neutral and cationic pharmaceuticals are taken up in maize tissues, mainly in the roots. There is an insignificant threat to human health derived from maize consumption however, additional toxicity tests are recommended for 4AAA and acetaminophen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Meffe
- IMDEA Water Institute, Avda. Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | | | - Gloria Teijón
- IMDEA Water Institute, Avda. Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | - Isabel López-Heras
- IMDEA Water Institute, Avda. Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Leonor Nozal
- IMDEA Water Institute, Avda. Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Center of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology (CQAB), FGUA and University of Alcalá, A-II km 33,6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Irene de Bustamante
- IMDEA Water Institute, Avda. Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Geology, Geography and Environment Department, Faculty of Sciences, External Campus of the University of Alcalá, Ctra. A-II km 33,6, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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13
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Kreuzig R, Haller-Jans J, Bischoff C, Leppin J, Germer J, Mohr M, Bliedung A, Dockhorn T. Reclaimed water driven lettuce cultivation in a hydroponic system: the need of micropollutant removal by advanced wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:50052-50062. [PMID: 33945089 PMCID: PMC8445861 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
For a novel approach of resource-efficient water reuse, a municipal wastewater treatment plant was extended at pilot scale for advanced wastewater treatment, i.e., ozonation and biological activated carbon filtration, and a hydroponic system for reclaimed water driven lettuce cultivation. The treatment specific wastewater lines with the corresponding lettuce plants, differentiated into roots and shoots, were monitored for priority wastewater micropollutants, i.e., acesulfame (sweetener), caffeine (stimulant), carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, sulfamethoxazole with acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (human pharmaceuticals), 1H-benzotriazole, and 4/5-methylbenzotriazole (industrial chemicals). As clearly demonstrated, conventional tertiary treatment could not efficiently clean up wastewater. Removal efficiencies ranged from 3% for carbamazepine to 100% for ibuprofen. The resulting pollution of the hydroponic water lines led to the accumulation of acesulfame, carbamazepine, and diclofenac in lettuce root systems at 32.0, 69.5, and 135 μg kg-1 and in the uptake of acesulfame and carbamazepine into lettuce shoots at 23.4 and 120 μg kg-1 dry weight, respectively. In contrast, both advanced treatment technologies when operating under optimized conditions achieved removal efficiencies of > 90% also for persistent micropollutants. Minimizing the pollution of reclaimed water thus met one relevant need for hydroponic lettuce cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kreuzig
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jaqueline Haller-Jans
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cornelia Bischoff
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Johannes Leppin
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörn Germer
- Hans-Ruthenberg-Institut, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 13, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marius Mohr
- Bioprocess Engineering in Water Management and Circular Economy, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Nobelstraße 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexa Bliedung
- Institute of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Pockelsstraße 2a, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Dockhorn
- Institute of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Pockelsstraße 2a, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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14
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Leitão I, Mourato MP, Carvalho L, Oliveira MC, Marques MM, Martins LL. Antioxidative response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) to carbamazepine-induced stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:45920-45932. [PMID: 33881698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely used anti-epileptic drug that has been detected in wastewaters from sewage treating plants and thus appears in rivers, streams and other water bodies. As plants can absorb this compound, it can also appear in edible plants like lettuce, entering the food chain. In this study, the effect of carbamazepine in lettuce plants grown in hydroponic solution is analyzed. CBZ was detected both in roots and in leaves and is shown to induce oxidative stress. Hydrogen peroxide levels increased both in leaves and in roots while malondialdehyde increased only in leaves. Regarding the activity of antioxidative enzymes in the leaves, it is shown that superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) have a relevant role in quenching reactive oxygen species induced by oxidative stress. In roots, the only enzymes that showed increased activity were CAT, GPOD and glutathione reductase (GR). Ascorbate and glutathione also appear to have an important role as antioxidants in response to increased concentrations of carbamazepine. Although the roots are in direct contact with the contaminant, the leaves showed the strongest oxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Leitão
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Pedro Mourato
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa Carvalho
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Matilde Marques
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luisa Louro Martins
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
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15
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Yan Q, Xu Y, Chen L, Cao Z, Shao Y, Xu Y, Yu Y, Fang C, Zhu Z, Feng G, Chen M. Irrigation with secondary municipal-treated wastewater: Potential effects, accumulation of typical antibiotics and grain quality responses in rice (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 410:124655. [PMID: 33257130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using secondary treated wastewater to irrigate paddies presents an exposure pathway for antibiotics to enter the terrestrial food chain. To date, there has been no information on the biochemical reactions and antibiotic uptake in rice plants irrigated with secondary treated wastewater. The present study investigated antibiotic uptake and concentration-response trends in rice tissues and evaluated the effects of typical antibiotics (tetracycline, roxithromycin, ofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole) on rice growth, grain yield and quality, and rice physiobiochemical characters via irrigation using treated wastewater augmented with varying concentrations (0-500 µg/L) in paddies. The results showed that the antibiotic accumulation in rice plants irrigated with treated wastewater was limited, and the studied antibiotics were not detected in rice grains (edible parts). The ability of rice to withstand certain antibiotics and grow in a healthy manner is attributed to the capacity to maintain reasonably normal photosynthesis activity and to elevate antioxidative defenses. The highest antibiotic concentration (500 µg/L) did not reduce the processing quality of the rice grain, but it enhanced the cooking and eating quality. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that secondary treated wastewater for paddy irrigation is an alternative water resource securing protection from the environment and rice grain quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yan
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Yuan Xu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China; College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Long Chen
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyun Cao
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yafang Shao
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Yonghong Yu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Changyun Fang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - ZhiWei Zhu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Guozhong Feng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Mingxue Chen
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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16
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Tao Y, Jia C, Jing J, Zhao M, Yu P, He M, Chen L, Zhao E. Uptake, Translocation, and Biotransformation of Neonicotinoid Imidaclothiz in Hydroponic Vegetables: Implications for Potential Intake Risks. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4064-4073. [PMID: 33787257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Imidaclothiz is a novel and systemic neonicotinoid pesticide with excellent insecticidal efficacy. However, knowledge of its uptake, translocation, and biotransformation within plants is still largely unknown, restricting work on its accurate and comprehensive risk assessment. Here, we systematically investigated the behavior of imidaclothiz in three plant-water systems via hydroponic experiments. The results showed that imidaclothiz was readily taken up by plant roots and translocated upward, resulting in relative enrichment in leaves. The recoveries of imidaclothiz in plant-water systems decreased with increasing exposure time, and approximately 31.8-45.6% mass loss was measured at the end of exposure. Ultimately, imidaclothiz yielded five products in celery leaves, three products in lettuce leaves, and two products in radish leaves. Multiple metabolic reactions including hydroxylation, hydrolysis of nitrate ester, and methylation occurred within plants. This is the first report on the fate of imidaclothiz within plants and suggests increasing concerns about the risk assessment of imidaclothiz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management of Diseases and Pests of North China Fruits, Haidian, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chunhong Jia
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management of Diseases and Pests of North China Fruits, Haidian, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Jing
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management of Diseases and Pests of North China Fruits, Haidian, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Zhao
- College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330000, P. R. China
| | - Pingzhong Yu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management of Diseases and Pests of North China Fruits, Haidian, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Min He
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management of Diseases and Pests of North China Fruits, Haidian, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management of Diseases and Pests of North China Fruits, Haidian, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ercheng Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management of Diseases and Pests of North China Fruits, Haidian, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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17
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Brunetti G, Kodešová R, Švecová H, Fér M, Nikodem A, Klement A, Grabic R, Šimůnek J. On the Use of Mechanistic Soil-Plant Uptake Models: A Comprehensive Experimental and Numerical Analysis on the Translocation of Carbamazepine in Green Pea Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2991-3000. [PMID: 33587851 PMCID: PMC8023655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Food contamination is a major worldwide risk for human health. Dynamic plant uptake of pollutants from contaminated environments is the preferred pathway into the human and animal food chain. Mechanistic models represent a fundamental tool for risk assessment and the development of mitigation strategies. However, difficulty in obtaining comprehensive observations in the soil-plant continuum hinders their calibration, undermining their generalizability and raising doubts about their widespread applicability. To address these issues, a Bayesian probabilistic framework is used, for the first time, to calibrate and assess the predictive uncertainty of a mechanistic soil-plant model against comprehensive observations from an experiment on the translocation of carbamazepine in green pea plants. Results demonstrate that the model can reproduce the dynamics of water flow and solute reactive transport in the soil-plant domain accurately and with limited uncertainty. The role of different physicochemical processes in bioaccumulation of carbamazepine in fruits is investigated through Global Sensitivity Analysis, which shows how soil hydraulic properties and soil solute sorption regulate transpiration streams and bioavailability of carbamazepine. Overall, the analysis demonstrates the usefulness of mechanistic models and proposes a comprehensive numerical framework for their assessment and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Brunetti
- Institute
for Soil Physics and Rural
Water Management, University of Natural
Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Radka Kodešová
- Faculty
of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science
and Soil Protection, Czech University of
Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Švecová
- Faculty
of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center
of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Fér
- Faculty
of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science
and Soil Protection, Czech University of
Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Nikodem
- Faculty
of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science
and Soil Protection, Czech University of
Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Klement
- Faculty
of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science
and Soil Protection, Czech University of
Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- Faculty
of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center
of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šimůnek
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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18
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Shen Y, Li H, Ryser ET, Zhang W. Comparing root concentration factors of antibiotics for lettuce (Lactuca sativa) measured in rhizosphere and bulk soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127677. [PMID: 32763571 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant uptake of antibiotics raises serious food safety concerns. Measurements and predictions of antibiotic uptake by plants are often based on root concentration factors (RCF) determined using antibiotic concentrations in bulk soil (RCFbs) rather than in rhizosphere soil (RCFrs) where root uptake actually occurs. This study investigated the fate and transport of nine antibiotics in the continuum of bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, roots and shoots of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under soil-surface irrigation. Antibiotic concentrations in the lettuce shoots remained unchanged during 25-35 days after seedling transplantation. Compared with the RCFrs values, the RCFbs values were significantly greater for ciprofloxacin, lincomycin, oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (p < 0.05), similar for trimethoprim and tylosin, but significantly lower for monensin (p < 0.05). Ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim, and tylosin had the lowest translocation factors (TF) ranging between 0.03 and 0.05, suggesting their limited upward transport to the lettuce shoots. Oxytetracycline, monensin, and sulfamethoxazole had intermediate TF values of 0.36-0.64, whereas lincomycin had the highest TF value of 1.46. This study showed significant differences between RCFbs and RCFrs values, suggesting the need to reassess the utility of RCFbs in predicting the antibiotic root uptake in diverse soil-plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Shen
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States; Environmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Elliot T Ryser
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States; Environmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States.
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19
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Li Y, He J, Qi H, Li H, Boyd SA, Zhang W. Impact of biochar amendment on the uptake, fate and bioavailability of pharmaceuticals in soil-radish systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122852. [PMID: 32512441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crops grown in soils receiving wastewaters, biosolids, or manures can accumulate pharmaceuticals in edible parts, raising concerns over potential human exposure to multiple pharmaceuticals. Nonetheless, viable mitigation options for minimizing plant uptake of pharmaceuticals are limited. This study evaluated how biochar amendment could influence the uptake of 15 pharmaceuticals by radish (Raphanus sativus) grown in a sandy loam at two amendment rates (0.1 and 1% w/w). Comparing with that in the unamended soil, the accumulation of acetaminophen, carbamazepine, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, lamotrigine, carbadox, trimethoprim, oxytetracycline, tylosin, estrone, and triclosan in radish grown in the soil amended with 1.0% of biochar was significantly decreased by 33.3-83.0%. However, the concentration of lincomycin in radish was increased by 36.7-48.2% in the soil amended with 1% biochar. While the soil amended with 1.0% of biochar had increased sorption of all 15 pharmaceuticals, the persistence of 7 pharmaceuticals in the soil were prolonged, including caffeine, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, lincomycin, estrone, 17 β-estradiol and triclosan. The reduced plant uptake of pharmaceuticals was mainly due to their lowered concentrations in pore water by the presence of biochar. Overall, the estimated daily intake data suggest that biochar amendment could potentially decrease total human exposure to a mixture of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jianzhou He
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Haonan Qi
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Stephen A Boyd
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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20
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Bommuraj V, Chen Y, Gal O, Ben Ari J, Kertsnus-Banchik E, Barel S, Shimshoni JA. Human pharmaceutical and pesticide residues in Israeli dairy milk in association with dietary risk assessment. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2020; 13:233-243. [PMID: 32406338 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2020.1764114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the world, more than six billion people consume milk and milk products yearly. The safety and quality of dairy milk are regularly monitored in most countries worldwide. The Israeli monitoring program of chemical residues in milk has not changed in the last decades, focusing only on major veterinary drugs and few selected environmental contaminants such as heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants. Consequently, a knowledge gap exists regarding the potential occurrence of other chemicals such as human pharmaceuticals and non-monitored pesticides in milk. In this survey, 51 commercial bovine and goat milk samples were analysed by LC-MS/MS and pharmaceutical and pesticide residues are reported in the range of 0.1-93 µg/L. Israeli milk samples revealed at least one and up to five chemical residues simultaneously. The pesticides found in milk were below the European maximum residue limit values. The risk assessment performed, indicated negligible risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Bommuraj
- Department of Food Quality & Safety, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center , Rishon LeZiyyon, Israel
| | - Yaira Chen
- Department of Food Quality & Safety, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center , Rishon LeZiyyon, Israel
| | - Orit Gal
- Faculty of Agriculture, The Interdepartmental Equipment Facility, The Hebrew University , Rehovot, Israel
| | - Julius Ben Ari
- Faculty of Agriculture, The Interdepartmental Equipment Facility, The Hebrew University , Rehovot, Israel
| | - Evgenia Kertsnus-Banchik
- Faculty of Agriculture, The Interdepartmental Equipment Facility, The Hebrew University , Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shimon Barel
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Department of Toxicology , Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Jakob A Shimshoni
- Department of Food Quality & Safety, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center , Rishon LeZiyyon, Israel
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21
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Uptake and Effects of Pharmaceuticals in the Soil-Plant-Earthworm System. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2020_617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Albero B, Tadeo JL, Delgado MDM, Miguel E, Pérez RA. Analysis of Multiclass Antibiotics in Lettuce by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry to Monitor Their Plant Uptake. Molecules 2019; 24:E4066. [PMID: 31717615 PMCID: PMC6891457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main entry routes of antibiotics in the environment are the application of organic wastes to improve soil quality and the irrigation with recycled water. Once in the environment, antibiotics can be introduced in the food chain through their uptake by crops. This paper describes the development of an analytical method based on ultrasound-assisted extraction for the determination of seven antibiotics in lettuce. The developed method was applied to evaluate antibiotic uptake by lettuce grown in pots fertilized with composted poultry litter doped with a mixture of antibiotics to reach a final concentration of 2.5 µg/g in soil. Lettuce were harvested after 21, 36, and 55 days. Five of the seven studied antibiotics were found in all samples. The highest uptake was found for lincomycin (51 ng/g fresh weight) followed by sulfamethoxazole (44 ng/g fresh weight) and sulfamethazine (21 ng/g fresh weight) in lettuce harvested after 21 days. An important decrease of their levels was observed after 36 days, but these levels remained similar after 55 days. Although levels found in lettuce were low, the presence of antibiotics demonstrates the need for further assessing food safety risks related with the use of soil amendments or irrigation water contaminated with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rosa Ana Pérez
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. de la Coruña, Km. 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.A.); (J.L.T.); (M.d.M.D.); (E.M.)
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23
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Snow DD, Cassada DA, Biswas S, Malakar A, D'Alessio M, Carter LJ, Johnson RD, Sallach JB. Detection, occurrence, and fate of emerging contaminants in agricultural environments (2019). WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1103-1113. [PMID: 31420905 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A review of 82 papers published in 2018 is presented. The topics ranged from detailed descriptions of analytical methods, to fate and occurrence studies, to ecological effects and sampling techniques for a wide variety of emerging contaminants likely to occur in agricultural environments. New methods and studies on veterinary pharmaceuticals, microplastics, and engineered nanomaterials in agricultural environments continue to expand our knowledge base on the occurrence and potential impacts of these compounds. This review is divided into the following sections: Introduction, Analytical Methods, Fate and Occurrence, Pharmaceutical Metabolites, Anthelmintics, Microplastics, and Engineered Nanomaterials. PRACTITIONER POINTS: New research describes innovative new techniques for emerging contaminant detection in agricultural settings. Newer classes of contaminants include human and veterinary pharmaceuticals. Research in microplastics and nanomaterials shows that these also occur in agricultural environments and will likely be topics of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Snow
- Nebraska Water Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - David A Cassada
- Nebraska Water Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Saptashati Biswas
- Nebraska Water Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Arindam Malakar
- Nebraska Water Center, Part of the Robert B. Dougherty Water for Food Institute, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Matteo D'Alessio
- Nebraska Water Center, Part of the Robert B. Dougherty Water for Food Institute, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
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24
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Shen Y, Stedtfeld RD, Guo X, Bhalsod GD, Jeon S, Tiedje JM, Li H, Zhang W. Pharmaceutical exposure changed antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities in soil-surface- and overhead-irrigated greenhouse lettuce. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:105031. [PMID: 31336252 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
New classes of emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have received increasing attention due to rapid increases of their abundance in agroecosystems. As food consumption is a direct exposure pathway of pharmaceuticals, ARB, and ARGs to humans, it is important to understand changes of bacterial communities and ARG profiles in food crops produced with contaminated soils and waters. This study examined the level and type of ARGs and bacterial community composition in soil, and lettuce shoots and roots under soil-surface or overhead irrigation with pharmaceuticals-contaminated water, using high throughput qPCR and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing techniques, respectively. In total 52 ARG subtypes were detected in the soil, lettuce shoot and root samples, with mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) and multidrug resistance (MDR) genes as dominant types. The overall abundance and diversity of ARGs and bacteria associated with lettuce shoots under soil-surface irrigation were lower than those under overhead irrigation, indicating soil-surface irrigation may have lower risks of producing food crops with high abundance of ARGs. ARG profiles and bacterial communities were sensitive to pharmaceutical exposure, but no consistent patterns of changes were observed. MGE intl1 was consistently more abundant with pharmaceutical exposure than in the absence of pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutical exposure enriched Proteobacteria (specifically Methylophilaceae) and decreased bacterial alpha diversity. Finally, there were significant interplays among bacteria community, antibiotic concentrations, and ARG abundance possibly involving hotspots including Sphingomonadaceae, Pirellulaceae, and Chitinophagaceae, MGEs (intl1 and tnpA_1) and MDR genes (mexF and oprJ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Shen
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Environmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Robert D Stedtfeld
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States
| | - Xueping Guo
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Gemini D Bhalsod
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Cook County Unit, University of Illinois Extension, Arlington Heights, IL 60004, United States
| | - Sangho Jeon
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - James M Tiedje
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Environmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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25
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Carter LJ, Chefetz B, Abdeen Z, Boxall ABA. Emerging investigator series: towards a framework for establishing the impacts of pharmaceuticals in wastewater irrigation systems on agro-ecosystems and human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:605-622. [PMID: 30932118 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00020h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Use of reclaimed wastewater for agricultural irrigation is seen as an attractive option to meet agricultural water demands of a growing number of countries suffering from water scarcity. However, reclaimed wastewater contains pollutants which are introduced to the agro-environment during the irrigation process. While water reuse guidelines do consider selected classes of pollutants, they do not account for the presence of pollutants of emerging concern such as pharmaceuticals and the potential risks these may pose. Here we use source-pathway-receptor analysis (S-P-R) to develop a holistic framework for evaluating the impacts of pharmaceuticals, present in wastewater used for agricultural irrigation, on human and ecosystem health and evaluate the data availability for the framework components. The developed framework comprised of 34 processes and compartments but a good level of knowledge was available for only five of these suggesting that currently it is not possible to fully establish the impacts of pharmaceuticals in wastewater irrigation systems. To address this, work is urgently needed to understand the fate and transport of pharmaceuticals in arable soil systems and the effects of chronic low-level exposure to these substances on microbes, invertebrates, plants, wildlife and humans. In addition, research pertaining to the fate, uptake and effects of pharmaceutical mixtures and metabolites is lacking as well as data on bio-accessibility of pharmaceuticals after ingestion. Scientific advancements in the five areas prioritised in terms of future research are needed before we are able to fully quantify the agricultural and human health risks associated with reclaimed wastewater use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Carter
- School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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26
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Wastewater conservation and reuse in quality vegetable cultivation: Overview, challenges and future prospects. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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27
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Li B, Cao Y, Guan X, Li Y, Hao Z, Hu W, Chen L. Microbial assessments of soil with a 40-year history of reclaimed wastewater irrigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:696-705. [PMID: 30245425 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The long-term effects on soil microorganisms from 40 years of irrigating soil with reclaimed wastewater was investigated by determining the quantity, composition, and inter-species connection of microorganisms. No significant difference in microbial quantity and composition were identified in the reclaimed wastewater- and groundwater-irrigated soils. The dominant bacterial phylum in both irrigation water sources and soils was Proteobacteria, which commonly exists in soil. From the analysis of four (4) alpha diversity metrics, including the observed number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Chao1, and the Shannon and Simpson diversity, there was no significant difference between the reclaimed wastewater- and groundwater-irrigated soils. Three zones (shallow, medium and deep) were identified in the reclaimed wastewater- and groundwater-irrigated soils based on the taxonomic networks and clusters generated by graphical lasso and random walk algorithm. The cluster profiles (shallow, medium and deep zones) appear to be different in the reclaimed wastewater- and groundwater-irrigated soils. Soil irrigated with reclaimed wastewater showed less depth of clustered profile in medium zone than that in soil irrigated with groundwater (20-60 cm of reclaimed wastewater-irrigated soil compared to 20-100 cm of groundwater-irrigated soil), although the significance of such a variance (the depth of medium zone of reclaimed wastewater-irrigated soil decreased 40 cm than that of groundwater-irrigated soil) is not clear at this time. Positive influence has been identified in the growth and yield of eggplant, tomato and cucumber between the reclaimed wastewater- and groundwater-irrigated soils, suggesting that reclaimed wastewater irrigation can potentially substitute groundwater irrigation, despite the variance in inter-species clustering profiles in soil microbes in certain soil zones. Nevertheless, the possible negative influence of pathogens, organic compounds and pharmaceuticals should be seriously considered during the reclaimed wastewater irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Li
- Engineering Technique Research Center for Exploration and Utilization of Non-Conventional Water Resources and Water Use Efficiency, Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100048, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yongtao Cao
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA
| | - Xiangyu Guan
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yuehua Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhongyong Hao
- Engineering Technique Research Center for Exploration and Utilization of Non-Conventional Water Resources and Water Use Efficiency, Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Wei Hu
- Technology Division, Supervision Center of South to North Water Diversion Project, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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