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Afridi MS, Kumar A, Javed MA, Dubey A, de Medeiros FHV, Santoyo G. Harnessing root exudates for plant microbiome engineering and stress resistance in plants. Microbiol Res 2024; 279:127564. [PMID: 38071833 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect plant's growth and production. Under stress, one of the main responses of plants is the modulation of exudates excreted in the rhizosphere, which consequently leads to alterations in the resident microbiota. Thus, the exudates discharged into the rhizospheric environment play a preponderant role in the association and formation of plant-microbe interactions. In this review, we aimed to provide a synthesis of the latest and most pertinent literature on the diverse biochemical and structural compositions of plant root exudates. Also, this work investigates into their multifaceted role in microbial nutrition and intricate signaling processes within the rhizosphere, which includes quorum-sensing molecules. Specifically, it explores the contributions of low molecular weight compounds, such as carbohydrates, phenolics, organic acids, amino acids, and secondary metabolites, as well as the significance of high molecular weight compounds, including proteins and polysaccharides. It also discusses the state-of-the-art omics strategies that unveil the vital role of root exudates in plant-microbiome interactions, including defense against pathogens like nematodes and fungi. We propose multiple challenges and perspectives, including exploiting plant root exudates for host-mediated microbiome engineering. In this discourse, root exudates and their derived interactions with the rhizospheric microbiota should receive greater attention due to their positive influence on plant health and stress mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Siddique Afridi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras, CP3037, 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar 470003, MP, India
| | - Muhammad Ammar Javed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Anamika Dubey
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar 470003, MP, India
| | | | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58030 Morelia, Mexico.
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2
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Zamolo F, Wüst M. 3-Alkyl-2-Methoxypyrazines: Overview of Their Occurrence, Biosynthesis and Distribution in Edible Plants. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300362. [PMID: 37435783 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazines are ubiquitous in nature - biosynthesized by microorganisms, insects, and plants. Due to their great structural diversity, they own manifold biological functions. Alkyl- and alkoxypyrazines for instance play a key role as semiochemicals, but also as important aroma compounds in foods. Especially 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines (MPs) have been of great research interest. MPs are associated with green and earthy attributes. They are responsible for the distinctive aroma properties of numerous vegetables. Moreover, they have a strong influence on the aroma of wines, in which they are primarily grape-derived. Over the years various methods have been developed and implemented to analyse the distribution of MPs in plants. In addition, the biosynthetic pathway of MPs has always been of particular interest. Different pathways and precursors have been proposed and controversially discussed in the literature. While the identification of genes encoding O-methyltransferases gave important insights into the last step of MP-biosynthesis, earlier biosynthetic steps and precursors remained unknown. It was not until 2022 that in vivo feeding experiments with stable isotope labeled compounds revealed l-leucine and l-serine as important precursors for IBMP. This discovery gave evidence for a metabolic interface between the MP-biosynthesis and photorespiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zamolo
- University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences Chair of Food Chemistry, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Wüst
- University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences Chair of Food Chemistry, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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3
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Sun J, Tian K, Jing L, Niu Y, Lou Q, Chen H. Identification of characteristic aroma compounds for spicy in Iris lactea var. chinensis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14016. [PMID: 37882258 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Iris lactea var. chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz has a unique floral fragrance that differs from that of other Iris spp.; however, its characteristic aroma composition remains unknown. This study aimed to identify the floral fragrance components of I. lactea var. chinensis during different flowering stages using headspace solid-phase microextraction in conjunction with gas chromatography mass spectrometry, electronic nose, and sensory evaluation. During the three flowering phases (bud stage, bloom stage, and decay stage), 70 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including 13 aldehydes, 13 esters, 11 alcohols, 10 alkanes, 8 ketones, 7 terpenes, 7 benzenoids, and 1 nitrogenous compound, were identified. According to principal component analysis, the primary VOCs were (-)-pinene, β-irone, methyl heptenone, phenylethanol, hexanol, and 2-pinene. A comparison of the differential VOCs across the different flowering stages using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that 3-carene appeared only in the bud stage, whereas hexanol, ethyl caprate, ethyl caproate, linalool, (-)-pinene, and 2-pinene appeared or were present at significantly increased levels during the bloom stage. The phenylethanol, methyl heptenone, 3-methylheptane, and β-irone reached a peak in the decay stage. The odor activity value and sensory evaluation suggested that "spicy" is the most typical odor of I. lactea var. chinensis, mainly due to 2-methoxy-3-sec-butylpyrazine, which is rare in floral fragrances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Sun
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kexin Tian
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Jing
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yafei Niu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Lou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongwu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Wang JY, Li QY, Ren L, Guo C, Qu JP, Gao Z, Wang HF, Zhang Q, Zhou B. Transcriptomic and physiological analysis of the effect of octanoic acid on Meloidogyne incognita. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:105432. [PMID: 37247998 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Root knot nematodes are the most devastating root pathogens, causing severe damage and serious economic losses to agriculture worldwide. Octanoic acid has been reported as one of the nematicides, and its mode of action is not fully understood. The main objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of octanoic acid on Meloidogyne incognita by transcriptomic analysis combined with physiological and biochemical assays. In the toxicity assays with octanoic acid, the threshold concentration with nematicidal activity and the maximum concentration to which nematodes could respond were 0.03 μL/mL and 0.08 μL/mL respectively. Microscopic observation combined with protein and carbohydrates assays confirmed that the structure of the second-stage juveniles (J2s) was severely disrupted after 72 h of immersion in octanoic acid. Transcriptome analysis has shown that octanoic acid can interfere with the nematode energy metabolism, lifespan and signaling. Although the effects are multifaceted, the findings strongly point to the cuticle, lysosomes, and extracellular regions and spaces as the primary targets for octanoic acid. In addition, nematodes can withstand the negative effects of low concentration of octanoic acid to some extent by up-regulating the defense enzyme system and heterologous metabolic pathways. These findings will help us to explore the nematicidal mechanism of octanoic acid and provide important target genes for the development of new nematicides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; Qingdao Zipnow Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Qing'dao 266000, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Li Ren
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Bei'jing 100193, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jian-Ping Qu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zheng Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Hui-Fang Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hai' kou 571100, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Bo Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Tai'an 271018, China.
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5
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Nakayasu M, Takamatsu K, Yazaki K, Sugiyama A. Plant specialized metabolites in the rhizosphere of tomatoes: secretion and effects on microorganisms. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 87:13-20. [PMID: 36373409 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants interact with microorganisms in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere. Here the roots exude plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) that have diverse biological and ecological functions. Recent reports have shown that these PSMs influence the rhizosphere microbiome, which is essential for the plant's growth and health. This review summarizes several specialized metabolites secreted into the rhizosphere of the tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum), which is an important model species for plant research and a commercial crop. In this review, we focused on the effects of such plant metabolites on plant-microbe interactions. We also reviewed recent studies on improving the growth of tomatoes by analyzing and reconstructing the rhizosphere microbiome and discussed the challenges to be addressed in establishing sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nakayasu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takamatsu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
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6
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Duc NH, Vo HTN, van Doan C, Hamow KÁ, Le KH, Posta K. Volatile organic compounds shape belowground plant-fungi interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1046685. [PMID: 36561453 PMCID: PMC9763900 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1046685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), a bouquet of chemical compounds released by all life forms, play essential roles in trophic interactions. VOCs can facilitate a large number of interactions with different organisms belowground. VOCs-regulated plant-plant or plant-insect interaction both below and aboveground has been reported extensively. Nevertheless, there is little information about the role of VOCs derived from soilborne pathogenic fungi and beneficial fungi, particularly mycorrhizae, in influencing plant performance. In this review, we show how plant VOCs regulate plant-soilborne pathogenic fungi and beneficial fungi (mycorrhizae) interactions. How fungal VOCs mediate plant-soilborne pathogenic and beneficial fungi interactions are presented and the most common methods to collect and analyze belowground volatiles are evaluated. Furthermore, we suggest a promising method for future research on belowground VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hong Duc
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Godollo, Hungary
| | - Ha T. N. Vo
- Plant Disease Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Cong van Doan
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDIV), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kamirán Áron Hamow
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Khac Hoang Le
- Plant Disease Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Katalin Posta
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology and Applied Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Godollo, Hungary
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7
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Integrated Management of Meloidogyne incognita and Soilborne Fungi Infecting Cucumber under Protected Cultivation. J Nematol 2022; 54:20220042. [DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2022-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Relative efficacy of various approaches for management of Meloidogyne incognita and the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum has been tested in cucumber under protected cultivation conditions for two seasons. Management practices, namely, chemicals (fumigant, nonfumigant, and fungicide), organic amendments (neem cake, leaves, and oil opted as soil and seed treatment), and biocontrol agents (egg-parasitic fungus and Purpureocillium lilacinum), were combined for the management of the disease complex in a randomized block design. Two significant parameters were measured: plant growth parameters (shoot length, dry shoot weight, dry root weight, and yield) and disease parameters (galls per plant, final nematode population, egg masses per plant, and fungal incidence). All treatments significantly improved plant growth parameters and reduced nematode reproduction as compared to untreated check. The integration of formalin and neem oil seed treatment favors the low root galling index compared to all other treatments in both the seasons. Formalin and neem oil seed treatment reduced the nematode population and fungal incidence, and increased the yield of cucumber during both the seasons.
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8
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Li Y, Ren Q, Bo T, Mo M, Liu Y. AWA and ASH Homologous Sensing Genes of Meloidogyne incognita Contribute to the Tomato Infection Process. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11111322. [PMID: 36365073 PMCID: PMC9693415 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The AWA neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans mainly perceive volatile attractive odors, while the ASH neurons perceive pH, penetration, nociception, odor tropism, etc. The perceptual neurons of Meloidogyne incognita have been little studied. The number of infestations around and within tomato roots was significantly reduced after RNA interference for high-homology genes in AWA and ASH neurons compared between M. incognita and C. elegans. Through in situ hybridization, we further determined the expression and localization of the homologous genes Mi-odr-10 and Mi-gpa-6 in M. incognita. In this study, we found that M. incognita has neuronal sensing pathways similar to AWA and ASH perception of C. elegans for sensing chemical signals from tomato roots. Silencing the homologous genes in these pathways could affect the nematode perception and infestation of tomato root systems. The results contribute to elucidating the process of the plant host perception of M. incognita.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yajun Liu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-871-65031093
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9
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Chadfield VGA, Hartley SE, Redeker KR. Associational resistance through intercropping reduces yield losses to soil-borne pests and diseases. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:2393-2405. [PMID: 35678712 PMCID: PMC9545407 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Associational resistance to herbivore and pathogen attack is a well documented ecological phenomenon and, if applied to agriculture, may reduce impact of pests and diseases on crop yields without recourse to pesticides. The value of associational resistance through intercropping, planting multiple crops alongside each other, as a sustainable control method remains unclear, due to variable outcomes reported in the published literature. We performed a meta-analysis to provide a quantitative assessment of benefits of intercropping for target plant resistance to plant-parasitic nematodes and soil-borne diseases. We found that intercropping reduced damage to focal crops from nematodes by 40% and disease incidence by 55%. Intercropping efficacy varied with biological variables, such as field fertilisation status and intercrop family, and methodology, including whether study samples were potted or in fields. Nematode control using intercropping was sufficient to offset reductions in focal crop yield from intercrop presence, making intercropping a viable agricultural tool. We identify key drivers for underpinning the success of intercropping and indicate areas for future research to improve efficacy. This study also highlights the potential benefits of harnessing ecological knowledge on plant-enemy interactions for improving agricultural and landscape sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sue E. Hartley
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkWentworth WayYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Kelly R. Redeker
- Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkWentworth WayYorkYO10 5DDUK
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10
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Sikder MM, Vestergård M, Kyndt T, Topalović O, Kudjordjie EN, Nicolaisen M. Genetic disruption of Arabidopsis secondary metabolite synthesis leads to microbiome-mediated modulation of nematode invasion. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2230-2241. [PMID: 35760884 PMCID: PMC9381567 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In-depth understanding of metabolite-mediated plant-nematode interactions can guide us towards novel nematode management strategies. To improve our understanding of the effects of secondary metabolites on soil nematode communities, we grew Arabidopsis thaliana genetically altered in glucosinolate, camalexin, or flavonoid synthesis pathways, and analyzed their root-associated nematode communities using metabarcoding. To test for any modulating effects of the associated microbiota on the nematode responses, we characterized the bacterial and fungal communities. Finally, as a proxy of microbiome-modulating effects on nematode invasion, we isolated the root-associated microbiomes from the mutants and tested their effect on the ability of the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita to penetrate tomato roots. Most mutants had altered relative abundances of several nematode taxa with stronger effects on the plant parasitic Meloidogyne hapla than on other root feeding taxa. This probably reflects that M. hapla invades and remains embedded within root tissues and is thus intimately associated with the host. When transferred to tomato, microbiomes from the flavonoid over-producing pap1-D enhanced M. incognita root-invasion, whereas microbiomes from flavonoid-deficient mutants reduced invasion. This suggests microbiome-mediated effect of flavonoids on Meloidogyne infectivity plausibly mediated by the alteration of the abundances of specific microbial taxa in the transferred microbiomes, although we could not conclusively pinpoint such causative microbial taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Maniruzzaman Sikder
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, 1342 Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mette Vestergård
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Olivera Topalović
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Enoch Narh Kudjordjie
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mogens Nicolaisen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark.
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11
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Siddique S, Coomer A, Baum T, Williamson VM. Recognition and Response in Plant-Nematode Interactions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 60:143-162. [PMID: 35436424 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-020620-102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes spend much of their lives inside or in contact with host tissue, and molecular interactions constantly occur and shape the outcome of parasitism. Eggs of these parasites generally hatch in the soil, and the juveniles must locate and infect an appropriate host before their stored energy is exhausted. Components of host exudate are evaluated by the nematode and direct its migration to its infection site. Host plants recognize approaching nematodes before physical contact through molecules released by the nematodes and launch a defense response. In turn, nematodes deploy numerous mechanisms to counteract plant defenses. This review focuses on these early stages of the interaction between plants and nematodes. We discuss how nematodes perceive and find suitable hosts, how plants perceive and mount a defense response against the approaching parasites, and how nematodes fight back against host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Siddique
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
| | - Alison Coomer
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Thomas Baum
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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12
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Chen P, Dai C, Liu H, Hou M. Identification of Key Headspace Volatile Compounds Signaling Preference for Rice over Corn in Adult Females of the Rice Leaf Folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9826-9833. [PMID: 35916419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds are important for herbivorous insects in locating their host plants. The rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), is a devastating migratory insect pest of rice in Asian countries. Although C. medinalis can develop even better on corn than on rice plants in insectaries, it rarely occurs on corn plants in the field. We hypothesized that plant volatile-mediated oviposition preference for rice over corn in adult females may be the reason for the observed rare field occurrence of the pest on corn plants. The present study was conducted to identify the olfactory active volatile compounds (OAVCs) that enable C. medinalis females to discriminate rice from corn plants. In cage tests, rice plants were highly preferred for oviposition over corn plants by C. medinalis females. From headspace, chemical analyses identified 15 rice unique, 8 corn unique, and 28 common volatile compounds. Fourteen OAVCs, including seven common, five rice unique, and two corn unique, were determined. In electroantennogram tests, the rice unique and common OAVCs activated the antennal responses in C. medinalis. In Y-tube olfactometer tests, (E)-2-hexenal and 3-hexanol(common OAVCs) and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol (rice unique OAVCs) attracted more C. medinalis females than the control, and only blends with both rice unique and common OAVCs were highly preferred over the control. Our results provide insights into the chemical cues used by C. medinalis adult females in host location, which may aid the development of novel crop protection strategies based on the manipulation of host-finding behaviors of C. medinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changgen Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Maolin Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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13
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Ye L, Wang JY, Liu XF, Guan Q, Dou NX, Li J, Zhang Q, Gao YM, Wang M, Li JS, Zhou B. Nematicidal activity of volatile organic compounds produced by Bacillus altitudinis AMCC 1040 against Meloidogyne incognita. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:521. [PMID: 35879581 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The application of nematicidal microorganisms and their virulence factors provides more opportunities to control root-knot nematodes. Bacillus altitudinis AMCC 1040, previously isolated from suppressive soils, showed significant nematicidal activity, and in this study, nematicidal substances produced by Bacillus altitudinis AMCC 1040 were investigated. The results of the basic properties of active substances showed that these compounds have good thermal stability and passage, are resistant to acidic environment and sensitive to alkaline conditions. Further analysis showed that it is a volatile component. Using HS-SPME-GC/MS, the volatile compounds produced by Bacillus altitudinis AMCC 1040 were identified and grouped into four major categories: ethers, alcohols, ketone, and organic acids, comprising a total of eight molecules. Six of them possess nematicidal activities, including 2,3-butanedione, acetic acid, 2-isopropoxy ethylamine, 3-methylbutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid and octanoic acid. Our results further our understanding of the effects of Bacillus altitudinis and its nematicidal metabolites on the management of Meloidogyne incognita and may help in finding less toxic nematicides to control root knot nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- Agriculture College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ning'xia, China
| | - Jian-Yu Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an , 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an , 271018, China
| | - Qi Guan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an , 271018, China
| | - Nong-Xiao Dou
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an , 271018, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan-Ming Gao
- Agriculture College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ning'xia, China
| | - Min Wang
- Shandong Wanhao Fertilizer Co., LTD, Jinan, 25000, China
| | - Jian-She Li
- Agriculture College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ning'xia, China.
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an , 271018, China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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14
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Kihika-Opanda R, Tchouassi DP, Ng'ang'a MM, Beck JJ, Torto B. Chemo-Ecological Insights into the Use of the Non-Host Plant Vegetable Black-Jack to Protect Two Susceptible Solanaceous Crops from Root-Knot Nematode Parasitism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6658-6669. [PMID: 35613461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) develop through three major stages in their life cycle: hatching, infection, and reproduction. Interruption of any of these stages can affect their growth and survival. We used screenhouse pot experiments, laboratory in vitro hatching and mortality assays, and chemical analysis to test the hypothesis that the non-host Asteraceae plant vegetable black-jack (Bidens pilosa) suppresses infection of the PPN Meloidogyne incognita in two susceptible Solanaceae host plants, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and black nightshade (S. nigrum). In intercrop and drip pot experiments, B. pilosa significantly reduced the number of galls and egg masses in root-knot nematode (RKN)-susceptible host plants by 3-9-fold compared to controls. Chemical analysis of the most bioactive fraction from the root exudates of B. pilosa identified several classes of compounds, including vitamins, a dicarboxylic acid, amino acids, aromatic acids, and a flavonoid. In in vitro assays, the vitamins and aromatic acids elicited the highest inhibition in egg hatching, whereas ascorbic acid (vitamin) and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (aromatic acid) elicited strong nematicidal activity against M. incognita, with LC50/48 h values of 12 and 300 ng/μL, respectively. Our results provide insights into how certain non-host plants can be used as companion crops to disrupt PPN infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Kihika-Opanda
- Behavioral and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David P Tchouassi
- Behavioral and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Margaret M Ng'ang'a
- Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John J Beck
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- Behavioral and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
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15
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Is Aquaponics Beneficial in Terms of Fish and Plant Growth and Water Quality in Comparison to Separate Recirculating Aquaculture and Hydroponic Systems? WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaponics is a technique where a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and hydroponics are integrated to grow plants and fish in a closed system. We investigated if the growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea) would be affected in a coupled aquaponic system compared to the growth of the fish in RAS or plants in a hydroponic system, all systems as three replicates. We also investigated the possible effects of plants on the onset of nitrification in biofilters and on the concentration of off-flavor-causing agents geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) in rainbow trout flesh and spinach. For the fish grown in aquaponics, the weight gain and specific growth rates were higher, and the feed conversion ratio was lower than those grown in RAS. In spinach, there were no significant differences in growth between aquaponic and hydroponic treatments. The concentration of GSM was significantly higher in the roots and MIB in the shoots of spinach grown in aquaponics than in hydroponics. In fish, the concentrations of MIB did not differ, but the concentrations of GSM were lower in aquaponics than in RAS. The onset of nitrification was faster in the aquaponic system than in RAS. In conclusion, spinach grew equally well in aquaponics and hydroponic systems. However, the aquaponic system was better than RAS in terms of onset of nitrification, fish growth, and lower concentrations of GSM in fish flesh.
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16
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Escobar‐Bravo R, Schimmel BCJ, Glauser G, Klinkhamer PGL, Erb M. Leafminer attack accelerates the development of soil-dwelling conspecific pupae via plant-mediated changes in belowground volatiles. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:280-294. [PMID: 35028947 PMCID: PMC9305468 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore population dynamics are strongly influenced by the interactions established through their shared host. Such plant-mediated interactions can occur between different herbivore species and different life developmental stages of the same herbivore. However, whether these interactions occur between leaf-feeding herbivores and their soil-dwelling pupae is unknown. We studied whether tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaf herbivory by the American serpentine leafminer Liriomyza trifolii affects the performance of conspecific pupae exposed to the soil headspace of the plant. To gain mechanistic insights, we performed insect bioassays with the jasmonate-deficient tomato mutant def-1 and its wild-type, along with phytohormones, gene expression and root volatiles analyses. Belowground volatiles accelerated leafminer metamorphosis when wild-type plants were attacked aboveground by conspecifics. The opposite pattern was observed for def-1 plants, in which aboveground herbivory slowed metamorphosis. Leafminer attack induced jasmonate and abscisic acid accumulation and modulated volatile production in tomato roots in a def-1-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate that aboveground herbivory triggers changes in root defence signalling and expression, which can directly or indirectly via changes in soil or microbial volatiles, alter pupal development time. This finding expands the repertoire of plant-herbivore interactions to herbivory-induced modulation of metamorphosis, with potential consequences for plant and herbivore community dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Escobar‐Bravo
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBern3013Switzerland
- Institute of Biology of LeidenLeiden UniversityLeiden2333 BEthe Netherlands
| | | | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtel2000Switzerland
| | | | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBern3013Switzerland
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17
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Lee Díaz AS, Rizaludin MS, Zweers H, Raaijmakers JM, Garbeva P. Exploring the Volatiles Released from Roots of Wild and Domesticated Tomato Plants under Insect Attack. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051612. [PMID: 35268714 PMCID: PMC8911868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants produce volatile organic compounds that are important in communication and defense. While studies have largely focused on volatiles emitted from aboveground plant parts upon exposure to biotic or abiotic stresses, volatile emissions from roots upon aboveground stress are less studied. Here, we investigated if tomato plants under insect herbivore attack exhibited a different root volatilome than non-stressed plants, and whether this was influenced by the plant's genetic background. To this end, we analyzed one domesticated and one wild tomato species, i.e., Solanum lycopersicum cv Moneymaker and Solanum pimpinellifolium, respectively, exposed to leaf herbivory by the insect Spodoptera exigua. Root volatiles were trapped with two sorbent materials, HiSorb and PDMS, at 24 h after exposure to insect stress. Our results revealed that differences in root volatilome were species-, stress-, and material-dependent. Upon leaf herbivory, the domesticated and wild tomato species showed different root volatile profiles. The wild species presented the largest change in root volatile compounds with an overall reduction in monoterpene emission under stress. Similarly, the domesticated species presented a slight reduction in monoterpene emission and an increased production of fatty-acid-derived volatiles under stress. Volatile profiles differed between the two sorbent materials, and both were required to obtain a more comprehensive characterization of the root volatilome. Collectively, these results provide a strong basis to further unravel the impact of herbivory stress on systemic volatile emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Shein Lee Díaz
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (H.Z.); (J.M.R.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.L.D.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Muhammad Syamsu Rizaludin
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (H.Z.); (J.M.R.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.L.D.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Hans Zweers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (H.Z.); (J.M.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Jos M. Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (H.Z.); (J.M.R.); (P.G.)
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (H.Z.); (J.M.R.); (P.G.)
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18
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Čepulytė R, Bu da V. Toward Chemical Ecology of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes: Kairomones, Pheromones, and Other Behaviorally Active Chemical Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1367-1390. [PMID: 35099951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An overview of natural chemical compounds involved in plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) behavior is presented and classified following a system accepted by chemoecologists. Kairomonal and other egg-hatching stimulants, as well as attractants for juveniles, are presented. Sex, aggregation, egg-hatching, and putative diapause PPN pheromones are analyzed and grouped into clusters of primers and releasers. The role of over 500 chemical compounds, both organic and inorganic, involved in PPN behavior is reviewed, with the most widely analyzed and least studied fields of PPN chemical ecology indicated. Knowledge on PPN chemical ecology facilitates environmentally friendly integrated pest management. This could be achieved by disrupting biointeractions between nematodes and their host plants and/or between nematodes. Data on biologically active chemicals reveals targets for resistant plant selection, including through application of gene silencing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasa Čepulytė
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania
| | - Vincas Bu da
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania
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19
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Xie X, Ling J, Mao Z, Li Y, Zhao J, Yang Y, Li Y, Liu M, Gu X, Xie B. Negative regulation of root-knot nematode parasitic behavior by root-derived volatiles of wild relatives of Cucumis metuliferus CM3. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac051. [PMID: 35531315 PMCID: PMC9071375 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) cause a significant decrease in the yield of cucumber crops every year. Cucumis metuliferus is an important wild germplasm that has resistance to RKN in which plant root volatiles are thought to play a role. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. To investigate it, we used the resistant C. metuliferus line CM3 and the susceptible cucumber line Xintaimici (XTMC). CM3 roots repelled Meloidogyne incognita second-stage larvae (J2s), while the roots of XTMC plants attracted the larvae. CM3 and XTMC were found to contain similar amounts of root volatiles, but many volatiles, including nine hydrocarbons, three alcohols, two aldehydes, two ketones, one ester, and one phenol, were only detected in CM3 roots. It was found that one of these, (methoxymethyl)-benzene, could repel M. incognita, while creosol and (Z)-2-penten-1-ol could attract M. incognita. Interestingly, creosol and (Z)-2-penten-1-ol effectively killed M. incognita at high concentrations. Furthermore, we found that a mixture of CM3 root volatiles increased cucumber resistance to M. incognita. The results provide insights into the interaction between the host and plant-parasitic nematodes in the soil, with some compounds possibly acting as nematode biofumigation, which can be used to manage nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Xie
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Ling
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhenchuan Mao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xingfang Gu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ;
| | - Bingyan Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ;
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20
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Mwamba S, Kihika-Opanda R, Murungi LK, Losenge T, Beck JJ, Torto B. Identification of Repellents from Four Non-Host Asteraceae Plants for the Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15145-15156. [PMID: 34882384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory cues guide plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) to their host plants. We tested the hypothesis that non-host plant root volatiles repel PPNs. To achieve this, we compared the olfactory responses of infective juveniles (J2s) of the PPN Meloidogyne incognita to four non-host Asteraceae plants, namely, black-jack (Bidens pilosa), pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium), marigold (Tagetes minuta), and sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua), traditionally used in sub-Saharan Africa for the management of PPNs. Chemical analysis by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) combined with random forest analysis, followed by behavioral assays, identified the repellents in the root volatiles of B. pilosa, T. minuta, and A. annua as (E)-β-farnesene and 1,8-cineole, whereas camphor was attractive. In contrast, random forest analysis predicted repellents for C. cinerariifolium and A. annua as β-patchoulene and isopropyl hexadecanoate. Our results suggested that terpenoids generally account for the repellency of non-host Asteraceae plants used in PPN management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Mwamba
- Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
- Ministry of Agriculture, Seed Control and Certification Institute, P.O. Box 350199, Chilanga 00100, Zambia
| | - Ruth Kihika-Opanda
- Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Lucy K Murungi
- Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Turoop Losenge
- Department of Horticulture, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - John J Beck
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
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21
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Cheng W, Chen Z, Zeng L, Yang X, Huang D, Zhai Y, Cai M, Zheng L, Thomashow LS, Weller DM, Yu Z, Zhang J. Control of Meloidogyne incognita in Three-Dimensional Model Systems and Pot Experiments by the Attract-and-Kill Effect of Furfural Acetone. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2169-2176. [PMID: 33258435 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-20-1501-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Meloidogyne incognita causes large-scale losses of agricultural crops worldwide. The natural metabolite furfural acetone has been reported to attract and kill M. incognita, but whether the attractant and nematicidal activities of furfural acetone on M. incognita function simultaneously in the same system, especially in three-dimensional spaces or in soil, is still unknown. Here, we used 23% Pluronic F-127 gel and a soil simulation device to demonstrate that furfural acetone has a significant attract-and-kill effect on M. incognita in both three-dimensional model systems. At 24 h, the chemotaxis index and the corrected mortality of nematodes exposed to 60 mg/ml of furfural acetone in 23% Pluronic F-127 gel were as high as 0.82 and 74.44%, respectively. Soil simulation experiments in moist sand showed that at 48 h, the chemotaxis index and the corrected mortality of the nematode toward furfural acetone reached 0.63 and 82.12%, respectively, and the effect persisted in the presence of tomato plants. In choice experiments, nematodes selected furfural acetone over plant roots and were subsequently killed. In pot studies, furfural acetone had a control rate of 82.80% against M. incognita. Collectively, these results provide compelling evidence for further investigation of furfural acetone as a novel nematode control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Li Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Dian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yile Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Minmin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Longyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Linda S Thomashow
- Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, U.S.A
| | - David M Weller
- Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, U.S.A
| | - Ziniu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and National Engineering Research Center of Microbial Pesticides, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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22
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Dehimeche N, Buatois B, Bertin N, Staudt M. Insights into the Intraspecific Variability of the above and Belowground Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds in Tomato. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010237. [PMID: 33466378 PMCID: PMC7796079 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The in-vivo monitoring of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions is a potential non-invasive tool in plant protection, especially in greenhouse cultivation. We studied VOC production from above and belowground organs of the eight parents of the Multi-Parent Advanced Generation Intercross population (MAGIC) tomato population, which exhibits a high genetic variability, in order to obtain more insight into the variability of constitutive VOC emissions from tomato plants under stress-free conditions. Foliage emissions were composed of terpenes, the majority of which were also stored in the leaves. Foliage emissions were very low, partly light-dependent, and differed significantly among genotypes, both in quantity and quality. Soil with roots emitted VOCs at similar, though more variable, rates than foliage. Soil emissions were characterized by terpenes, oxygenated alkanes, and alkenes and phenolic compounds, only a few of which were found in root extracts at low concentrations. Correlation analyses revealed that several VOCs emitted from foliage or soil are jointly regulated and that above and belowground sources are partially interconnected. With respect to VOC monitoring in tomato crops, our results underline that genetic variability, light-dependent de-novo synthesis, and belowground sources are factors to be considered for successful use in crop monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafissa Dehimeche
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS-Université Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier–EPHE, Campus CNRS, CEDEX 5, F-34293 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Bruno Buatois
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS-Université Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier–EPHE, Campus CNRS, CEDEX 5, F-34293 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Nadia Bertin
- INRAE, UR115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France;
| | - Michael Staudt
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS-Université Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier–EPHE, Campus CNRS, CEDEX 5, F-34293 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-467613272
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23
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Kihika R, Tchouassi DP, Ng'ang'a MM, Hall DR, Beck JJ, Torto B. Compounds Associated with Infection by the Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, Influence the Ability of Infective Juveniles to Recognize Host Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9100-9109. [PMID: 32786872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant root chemistry is altered by the parasitism of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN). Here, we investigated the influence of the infective stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne javanica in inducing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) root volatiles and chemotactic effect on conspecifics. In olfactometer assays, J2 avoided the roots of 2-day infected plants but preferred 7-day-infected tomato compared to healthy plants. Chemical analysis showed a 2-7-fold increase in the amounts of monoterpenes emitted from tomato roots infected with M. javanica relative to healthy roots. In further bioassays, the monoterpenes β-pinene, (+)-(2)-carene, α-phellandrene, and β-phellandrene differentially attracted (51-87%) J2 relative to control. Concurrent reduction and increase in the levels of methyl salicylate and (Z)-methyl dihydrojasmonate, respectively, in the root volatiles reduced J2 responses. These results demonstrate that the host plant can alter its root volatile composition to inhibit PPN attack. The observed plant-produced inhibition of J2 warrants further investigation as a potential management tool for growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Kihika
- Behavioral and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David P Tchouassi
- Behavioral and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Margaret M Ng'ang'a
- Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David R Hall
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich-Medway Campus, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - John J Beck
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32608, United States
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- Behavioral and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Kuang MS, Liu TT, Wu HB, Lan HP, Wen YX, Wu HB, Li XM. Constituents Leached by Tomato Seeds Regulate the Behavior of Root-Knot Nematodes and Their Antifungal Effects against Seed-Borne Fungi. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9061-9069. [PMID: 32786848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Germinating seeds can release diverse phytochemicals that repel, inhibit, or kill pathogens such as root-knot nematodes and seed-borne fungi. However, little is known about the composition of these phytochemicals and their effects on pathogens. In this study, we demonstrated that tomato seed exudates can attract the nematode Meloidogyne incognita using a dual-choice assay. Eighteen compounds were then isolated and identified from the exudates. Of these, esters (1-3), fatty acids (4-6), and phenolic acids (10-12) were proven to be the signaling molecules that facilitated the host-seeking process of second-stage juveniles (J2s) of nematodes, while alkaloids (17 and 18) disrupted J2s in locating their host. Furthermore, some phenolic acids and alkaloids showed antifungal effects against seed-borne fungi. In particular, ferulic acid (12) showed obvious activity against Aspergillus flavus (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 32 μg/mL), while dihydrocapsaicin (17) showed noticeable activity against Fusarium oxysporum (MIC, 16 μg/mL). Overall, this study presents the first evidence that M. incognita can be attracted to or deterred by various compounds in seed exudates through identification of the structures of the compounds in the exudates and analysis of their effects on nematodes. Furthermore, some antifungal compounds were also found. The findings of this work suggest that seed exudates are new source for finding insights into the development of plant protective substances with nematocidal and antifungal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shan Kuang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bin Wu
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Peng Lan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xin Wen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Meng Li
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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A non-invasive soil-based setup to study tomato root volatiles released by healthy and infected roots. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12704. [PMID: 32728091 PMCID: PMC7391657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of root exudates in mediating plant–microbe interactions has been well documented. However, the function of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plant roots has only recently begun to attract attention. This newly recognized relevance of belowground VOCs has so far mostly been tested using systems limited to a two-compartment Petri-dish design. Furthermore, many of the plant–microbe interaction studies have only investigated the effects of microbial VOCs on plant growth. Here, we go two steps further. First we investigated the volatile profile of healthy and pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum) infected tomato roots grown in soil. We then used a unique soil-based olfactometer-choice assay to compare the migration pattern of four beneficial bacteria (Bacillus spp.) towards the roots of the tomato plants. We demonstrate that the blend of root-emitted VOCs differs between healthy and diseased plants. Our results show that VOCs are involved in attracting bacteria to plant roots.
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Wang P, Sun Y, Yang L, Hu Y, Li J, Wang J, Zhang F, Liu Y. Chemotactic responses of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita to Streptomyces plicatus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5670793. [PMID: 31816058 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere microorganisms play an important role in the interactions of many species in the rhizosphere, including soil nematodes. One hundred strains of rhizosphere actinomycetes were screened in vitro for their effects on the chemotactic behavior of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Volatile compounds produced by the strain Streptomyces plicatus G demonstrated both strong attractant and repellent activities towards M. incognita. The compound dibenzofuran attracted M. incognita nematodes strongly, while compound benzothiazole repelled them. The chemotaxis of M. incognita was also tested under controlled conditions in pot experiments. Cultures of S. plicatus G and volatile dibenzofuran attracted M. incognita while volatile benzothiazole repelled them. The results showed that volatile compounds produced by rhizosphere actinomycetes could influence the chemotaxis of nematodes to a host. This study provides new information about the interrelationship between rhizosphere actinomycetes and nematodes that may be useful in preventing nematode parasitism of agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinyi Wang
- State Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yan Sun
- State Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Liangliang Yang
- State Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yan Hu
- State Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jiefang Li
- State Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jinxing Wang
- State Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- State Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- State Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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Hamada N, Yimer HZ, Williamson VM, Siddique S. Chemical Hide and Seek: Nematode's Journey to Its Plant Host. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:541-543. [PMID: 32201283 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hamada
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Henok Zemene Yimer
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Valerie M Williamson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Cox DE, Dyer S, Weir R, Cheseto X, Sturrock M, Coyne D, Torto B, Maule AG, Dalzell JJ. ABC transporter genes ABC-C6 and ABC-G33 alter plant-microbe-parasite interactions in the rhizosphere. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19899. [PMID: 31882903 PMCID: PMC6934816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are master regulators of rhizosphere ecology, secreting a complex mixture of compounds into the soil, collectively termed plant root exudate. Root exudate composition is highly dynamic and functional, mediating economically important interactions between plants and a wide range of soil organisms. Currently we know very little about the molecular basis of root exudate composition, which is a key hurdle to functional exploitation of root exudates for crop improvement. Root expressed transporters modulate exudate composition and could be manipulated to develop beneficial plant root exudate traits. Using Virus Induced Gene silencing (VIGS), we demonstrate that knockdown of two root-expressed ABC transporter genes in tomato cv. Moneymaker, ABC-C6 and ABC-G33, alters the composition of semi-volatile compounds in collected root exudates. Root exudate chemotaxis assays demonstrate that knockdown of each transporter gene triggers the repulsion of economically relevant Meloidogyne and Globodera spp. plant parasitic nematodes, which are attracted to control treatment root exudates. Knockdown of ABC-C6 inhibits egg hatching of Meloidogyne and Globodera spp., relative to controls. Knockdown of ABC-G33 has no impact on egg hatching of Meloidogyne spp. but has a substantial inhibitory impact on egg hatching of G. pallida. ABC-C6 knockdown has no impact on the attraction of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens, or the plant growth promoting Bacillus subtilis, relative to controls. Silencing ABC-G33 induces a statistically significant reduction in attraction of B. subtilis, with no impact on attraction of A. tumefaciens. By inoculating selected differentially exuded compounds into control root exudates, we demonstrate that hexadecaonic acid and pentadecane are biologically relevant parasite repellents. ABC-C6 represents a promising target for breeding or biotechnology intervention strategies as gene knockdown leads to the repulsion of economically important plant parasites and retains attraction of the beneficial rhizobacterium B. subtilis. This study exposes the link between ABC transporters, root exudate composition, and ex planta interactions with agriculturally and economically relevant rhizosphere organisms, paving the way for new approaches to rhizosphere engineering and crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Elizabeth Cox
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Steven Dyer
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ryan Weir
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Xavier Cheseto
- The International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Matthew Sturrock
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Danny Coyne
- The International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- The International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Aaron G Maule
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Johnathan J Dalzell
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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Dyer S, Weir R, Cox D, Cheseto X, Torto B, Dalzell JJ. Ethylene Response Factor (ERF) genes modulate plant root exudate composition and the attraction of plant parasitic nematodes. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:999-1003. [PMID: 31726058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant root exudates are compositionally diverse, plastic and adaptive. Ethylene signalling influences the attraction of plant parasitic nematodes, presumably through the modulation of root exudate composition. Understanding this pathway could lead to new sources of crop parasite resistance. Here we used Virus-Induced Gene Silencing to knock down the expression of two Ethylene Response Factor (ERF) genes, ERF-E2 and ERF-E3, in tomato. Root exudates were significantly more attractive to the PPNs Meloidogyne incognita and Globodera pallida following knockdown of ERF-E2, which had no impact on the attraction of Meloidogyne javanica. Knockdown of ERF-E3 had no impact on the attraction of Meloidogyne or Globodera spp. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analysis revealed major changes in root exudate composition relative to controls. However, these changes did not alter the attraction of rhizosphere microbes Bacillus subtilis or Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This study further supports the potential of engineering plant root exudate for parasite control, through the modulation of plant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Dyer
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Weir
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Cox
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Xavier Cheseto
- The International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- The International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Johnathan J Dalzell
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
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Rios MY, León-Rivera I, Ríos-Gomez R, Córdova-Albores LC, Aguilar-Guadarrama AB. Phytotoxic and nematicide evaluation of Croton ehrenbergii (Euphorbiaceae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2158-2165. [PMID: 30637916 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within its natural habitat, Croton ehrenbergii exhibits an innate defense mechanism that is not seen in other plants; it grows unharmed amidst predators and nature, while other species perish. In light of its capacity for defense, C. ehrenbergii was evaluated to better understand the scope of its phytotoxic and nematicide properties. To assess this, fractions obtained by bipartition of a hydro-alcoholic extract, and l-quebrachitol, the main constituent of C. ehrenbergii, were evaluated on Lactuca sativa (dicotyledon) and Lolium perenne (monocotyledon) seeds. Additionally, bipartition fractions and l-quebrachitol were evaluated on a population of Meloidogyne incognita for their nematicide activity. RESULTS From this phytochemical research, l-quebrachitol (1), phenylalanine (2), trans-4-hydroxy-N-methylproline (3) and the flavonoids: kaempferol (4), tiliroside (5), nicotiflorine (6) and rutin (7) were identified by spectroscopic analysis. Both methanol and hexane fractions from aerial parts of the plant inhibited the germination and elongation of roots and stems in L. sativa, but not in Lolium perenne, showing that these fractions mostly inhibit the dicotyledon species used in this research. l-Quebrachitol showed slightly higher seed germination inhibition for Lolium perenne in comparison with L. sativa. Three of the fractions evaluated showed nematicide activity against Meloidogyne incognita larvae (J2) at the 48 h benchmark, compared with carbofuran. l-Quebrachitol shows higher mortality after 48 h exposure at a lower concentration than carbofuran. CONCLUSION A variety of compounds were isolated from this research, some were common within the Croton genus (4-7), whereas others were not (1-3). This is the first phytochemical, phytotoxic and nematicide report on C. ehrenbergii. Methanol and hexane fractions from the aerial parts of C. ehrenbergii and l-quebrachitol could be used as alternative natural herbicides, predominantly against dicotyledon weed seeds. All fractions had a good mortality percentage against J2 Meloidogyne incognita larvae. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Yolanda Rios
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ismael León-Rivera
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ramiro Ríos-Gomez
- Unidad de Investigación en Sistemática Vegetal y Suelo, FES Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Liliana C Córdova-Albores
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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31
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Komen E, Murungi LK, Irungu J. Behavioral response of the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) to volatiles of Apicure®, a plant-based extract. AAS Open Res 2019. [DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.12946.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The small hive beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida is an invasive pest of the honey bee. Although no previous methods have led to its successful management, yeast inoculated pollen baited-traps have showed promise as quick monitoring tools. In this study, we evaluated the role of olfaction in SHB response to Apicure®, an essential oil-based biopesticide that has shown potential for the management of honey bee pests and diseases. Methods: Volatiles from Apicure® were collected using super Q adsorbent traps. Subsequent analysis was done using Gas chromatography- mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) to ascertain the components of Apicure®. The selectivity and sensitivity of antennal receptors of A. tumida adults to the volatile compounds were determined using behavioral assays and Gas Chromatography-Electroantennodetection (GC-EAD). Results: GC-MS analysis showed that Apicure® consists of 40 compounds. GC-EAD analysis isolated 11 compounds that elicited antennal response with the SHB. Of these, linalool, camphor, geraniol and α-terpineol were confirmed to be strongly repellant, while limonene was attractive to SHB in dual-choice olfactometer assays. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the major components in Apicure® are mainly repellants thus prospective in disrupting the host recognition by the SHB. The product therefore can be up-scaled for the management of SHB.
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Frato KE. Identification of Hydroxypyrazine O-Methyltransferase Genes in Coffea arabica: A Potential Source of Methoxypyrazines That Cause Potato Taste Defect. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:341-351. [PMID: 30523690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to identify Coffea arabica O-methyltransferase (OMT) genes involved in the biosynthesis of methoxypyrazines. High levels of 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IPMP) and 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) in coffee beans are associated with the potato taste defect (PTD). Among the 34 putative O-methyltransferase genes identified in the published genome of C. canephora, three genes are highly homologous to known hydroxypyrazine OMT genes. Genes of interest were amplified and sequenced from genomic DNA of single C. arabica beans grown in eight different locations, including regions with endemic PTD. Although C. arabica OMT target sequences were almost identical regardless of source location, individual beans shared numerous polymorphisms in each of the target genes. Two of the predicted C. arabica OMT enzymes were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and purified, and one enzyme shows slow yet measurable turnover of both 3-isobutyl-2-hydroxypyrazine (IBHP) and 3-isopropyl-2- hydroxypyrazine (IPHP), supporting a possible role of the coffee plant in PTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Frato
- Dept. of Chemistry , Seattle University , 901 12th Avenue , Seattle , Washington 98122 , United States
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Sikder MM, Vestergård M. Impacts of Root Metabolites on Soil Nematodes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1792. [PMID: 32082349 PMCID: PMC7005220 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes cause significant crop damage globally. Currently, many nematicides have been banned or are being phased out in Europe and other parts of the world because of environmental and human health concerns. Therefore, we need to focus on sustainable and alternative methods of nematode control to protect crops. Plant roots contain and release a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites, many of which are known defense compounds. Hence, profound understanding of the root mediated interactions between plants and plant parasitic nematodes may contribute to efficient control and management of pest nematodes. In this review, we have compiled literature that documents effects of root metabolites on plant parasitic nematodes. These chemical compounds act as either nematode attractants, repellents, hatching stimulants or inhibitors. We have summarized the few studies that describe how root metabolites regulate the expression of nematode genes. As non-herbivorous nematodes contribute to decomposition, nutrient mineralization, microbial community structuring and control of herbivorous insect larvae, we also review the impact of plant metabolites on these non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Maniruzzaman Sikder
- Department of Agroecology, AU-Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
- Mycology and Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mette Vestergård
- Department of Agroecology, AU-Flakkebjerg, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Mette Vestergård,
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Kirwa HK, Murungi LK, Beck JJ, Torto B. Elicitation of Differential Responses in the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita to Tomato Root Exudate Cytokinin, Flavonoids, and Alkaloids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11291-11300. [PMID: 30346752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Root exudates of plants mediate interactions with a variety of organisms in the rhizosphere, including root-knot nematodes (RKNs, Meloidogyne spp.) We investigated the responses of the motile stage second-stage juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne incognita to non-volatile components identified in the root exudate of tomato. Using stylet thrusting, chemotaxis assays, and chemical analysis, we identified specific metabolites in the root exudate that attract and repel J2s. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of bioactive fractions obtained from the root exudate revealed a high diversity of compounds, of which five were identified as the phytohormone zeatin (cytokinin), the flavonoids quercetin and luteolin, and alkaloids solasodine and tomatidine. In stylet thrusting and chemotaxis assays, the five compounds elicited concentration-dependent responses in J2s relative to 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (negative control) and methyl salicylate (positive control). These results indicate that J2 herbivory is influenced by root exudate chemistry and concentrations of specific compounds, which may have potential applications in RKN management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary K Kirwa
- Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit , International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) , Post Office Box 30772, 00100 Nairobi , Kenya
- Department of Horticulture , Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology , Post Office Box 62000, 00200 Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Lucy K Murungi
- Department of Horticulture , Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology , Post Office Box 62000, 00200 Nairobi , Kenya
| | - John J Beck
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service (ARS) , United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) , 1700 Southwest 23rd Drive , Gainesville , Florida 32608 , United States
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit , International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) , Post Office Box 30772, 00100 Nairobi , Kenya
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Torto B, Cortada L, Murungi LK, Haukeland S, Coyne DL. Management of Cyst and Root Knot Nematodes: A Chemical Ecology Perspective. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8672-8678. [PMID: 30037217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant parasitic nematode infection of crops can be highly detrimental to agricultural production. Since the discovery that plant roots release chemicals that attract the infective stage of plant parasitic nematodes some 80 years ago, significant progress in identifying the signaling molecules has occurred only relatively recently. Here, we review the literature on chemical ecological studies of two major plant parasitic nematode groups: root knot nematodes in the genus Meloidogyne and cyst nematodes in the genus Globodera because of the negative impact their parasitism has on farming systems in Africa. We then highlight perspectives for future directions for their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology ( icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Laura Cortada
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) , P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Lucy K Murungi
- Department of Horticulture , Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) , P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Solveig Haukeland
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology ( icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Danny L Coyne
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) , P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi , Kenya
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