1
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Jia X, Schols D, Meier C. Antiviral Activity of Lipophilic Nucleoside Tetraphosphate Compounds. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2864-2883. [PMID: 38345794 PMCID: PMC10895676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and characterization of three types of nucleoside tetraphosphate derivatives 4-9 acting as potential prodrugs of d4T nucleotides: (i) the δ-phosph(on)ate is modified by two hydrolytically stable alkyl residues 4 and 5; (ii) the δ-phosph(on)ate is esterified covalently by one biodegradable acyloxybenzyl moiety and a nonbioreversible moiety 6 and 7; or (iii) the δ-phosphate of nucleoside tetraphosphate is masked by two biodegradable prodrug groups 8 and 9. We were able to prove the efficient release of d4T triphosphate (d4TTP, (i)), δ-monoalkylated d4T tetraphosphates (20 and 24, (ii)), and d4T tetraphosphate (d4T4P, (iii)), respectively, by chemical or enzymatic processes. Surprisingly, δ-dialkylated d4T tetraphosphates, δ-monoalkylated d4T tetraphosphates, and d4T4P were substrates for HIV-RT. Remarkably, the antiviral activity of TetraPPPPro-prodrug 7 was improved by 7700-fold (SI 5700) as compared to the parent d4T in CEM/TK- cells, denoting a successful cell membrane passage of these lipophilic prodrugs and an intracellular delivery of the nucleotide metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jia
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Hamburg, DESY Campus, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg D-22607, Germany
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2
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Jia X, Schols D, Meier C. Lipophilic Nucleoside Triphosphate Prodrugs of Anti-HIV Active Nucleoside Analogs as Potential Antiviral Compounds. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2306021. [PMID: 37884485 PMCID: PMC10754118 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogs require three phosphorylation steps catalyzed by cellular kinases to give their triphosphorylated metabolites. Herein, the synthesis of two types of triphosphate prodrugs of different nucleoside analogs is disclosed. Triphosphates comprising: i) a γ-phosphate or γ-phosphonate bearing a bioreversible acyloxybenzyl group and a long alkyl group and ii) γ-dialkyl phosphate/phosphonate modified nucleoside triphosphate analogs. Almost selective conversion of the former TriPPPro-compounds into the corresponding γ-alkylated nucleoside triphosphate derivatives is demonstrated in CEM/0 cell extracts that proved to be stable toward further hydrolysis. The latter γ-dialkylated triphosphate derivatives lead to the slow formation of the corresponding NDPs. Both types of TriPPPro-compounds are highly potent in wild-type CEM/0 cells and more importantly, they exhibit even better activities against HIV-2 replication in CEM/TK- cell cultures. A finding of major importance is that, in primer extension assays, γ-phosphate-modified-NTPs, γ-mono-alkylated-triphosphates, and NDPs prove to be substrates for HIV-RT but not for cellular DNA-polymerases α,γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jia
- Organic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural SciencesUniversität HamburgMartin‐Luther‐King‐Platz 6D‐20146HamburgGermany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and ChemotherapyDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology and TransplantationRega Institute for Medical ResearchKU Leuven, Herestraat 49LeuvenB‐3000Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural SciencesUniversität HamburgMartin‐Luther‐King‐Platz 6D‐20146HamburgGermany
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3
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Fernandes LDR, Lopes JR, Bonjorno AF, Prates JLB, Scarim CB, Dos Santos JL. The Application of Prodrugs as a Tool to Enhance the Properties of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. Viruses 2023; 15:2234. [PMID: 38005911 PMCID: PMC10675571 DOI: 10.3390/v15112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is an effective treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which has transformed the highly lethal disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), into a chronic and manageable condition. However, better methods need to be developed for enhancing patient access and adherence to therapy and for improving treatment in the long term to reduce adverse effects. From the perspective of drug discovery, one promising strategy is the development of anti-HIV prodrugs. This approach aims to enhance the efficacy and safety of treatment, promoting the development of more appropriate and convenient systems for patients. In this review, we discussed the use of the prodrug approach for HIV antiviral agents and emphasized nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. We comprehensively described various strategies that are used to enhance factors such as water solubility, bioavailability, pharmacokinetic parameters, permeability across biological membranes, chemical stability, drug delivery to specific sites/organs, and tolerability. These strategies might help researchers conduct better studies in this field. We also reported successful examples from the primary therapeutic classes while discussing the advantages and limitations. In this review, we highlighted the key trends in the application of the prodrug approach for treating HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (L.d.R.F.); (J.R.L.); (A.F.B.); (J.L.B.P.); (C.B.S.)
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4
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Jia X, Schols D, Meier C. Pronucleotides of 2',3'-Dideoxy-2',3'-Didehydrothymidine as Potent Anti-HIV Compounds. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12163-12184. [PMID: 37647547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and evaluation of three different nucleotide prodrug systems: (i) nucleoside triphosphate analogues in which the γ-phosph(on)ate has two different lipophilic nonbioreversible alkyl residues with d4TDP as the released nucleotide analogue; (ii) nucleoside diphosphate analogues bearing a bioreversible and a stable β-alkyl group; or (iii) nucleoside diphosphate analogues bearing two nonhydrolysable lipophilic alkyl moieties. The delivery of d4TDP (for the triphosphate precursor) and d4TMP (for the diphosphate precursor) was demonstrated in CD4+ T-lymphocyte CEM cell extracts as well as in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). In primer extension assay, we found that γ-dialkylated d4TTP derivatives and d4TDP were accepted as substrates by HIV-RT. Several of these compounds were observed to be extremely active against HIV-1/2 replication in HIV-infected cells. A more than 45,000-fold increase in the anti-HIV activity was detected for compound 18a as compared to the parent d4T which results in a selectivity index value of 37,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jia
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
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5
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Kamzeeva PN, Aralov AV, Alferova VA, Korshun VA. Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Nucleoside Antivirals. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6851-6879. [PMID: 37623252 PMCID: PMC10453654 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for new drugs has been greatly accelerated by the emergence of new viruses and drug-resistant strains of known pathogens. Nucleoside analogues (NAs) are a prospective class of antivirals due to known safety profiles, which are important for rapid repurposing in the fight against emerging pathogens. Recent improvements in research methods have revealed new unexpected details in the mechanisms of action of NAs that can pave the way for new approaches for the further development of effective drugs. This review accounts advanced techniques in viral polymerase targeting, new viral and host enzyme targeting approaches, and prodrug-based strategies for the development of antiviral NAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vladimir A. Korshun
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (P.N.K.); (A.V.A.); (V.A.A.)
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6
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Roy B, Navarro V, Peyrottes S. Prodrugs of Nucleoside 5'-Monophosphate Analogues: Overview of the Recent Literature Concerning their Synthesis and Applications. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:1256-1303. [PMID: 36093825 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220909122820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues are widely used as anti-infectious and antitumoral agents. However, their clinical use may face limitations associated with their physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic parameters, and/or their peculiar mechanisms of action. Indeed, once inside the cells, nucleoside analogues require to be metabolized into their corresponding (poly-)phosphorylated derivatives, mediated by cellular and/or viral kinases, in order to interfere with nucleic acid biosynthesis. Within this activation process, the first-phosphorylation step is often the limiting one and to overcome this limitation, numerous prodrug approaches have been proposed. Herein, we will focus on recent literature data (from 2015 and onwards) related to new prodrug strategies, the development of original synthetic approaches and novel applications of nucleotide prodrugs (namely pronucleotides) leading to the intracellular delivery of 5'-monophosphate nucleoside analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Roy
- Team Nucleosides & Phosphorylated Effectors, Institute for Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Valentin Navarro
- Team Nucleosides & Phosphorylated Effectors, Institute for Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Suzanne Peyrottes
- Team Nucleosides & Phosphorylated Effectors, Institute for Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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7
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Ford A, Mullins ND, Balzarini J, Maguire AR. Synthesis and Evaluation of Prodrugs of α-Carboxy Nucleoside Phosphonates. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14793-14808. [PMID: 36283025 PMCID: PMC9639015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A range of lipophilic prodrugs of α-carboxy nucleoside phosphonates, potent inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase without requiring prior phosphorylation, were synthesized to evaluate their in vivo potency against HIV in cell culture. A series of prodrug derivatives bearing a free carboxylic acid where the phosphonate was masked with bispivaloyloxymethyl, diisopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl, bisamidate, aryloxyphosphoramidate, hexadecyloxypropyl, CycloSal, and acycloxybenzyl moieties were synthesized, adapting existing methodologies for phosphonate protection to accommodate the adjacent carboxylic acid moiety. The prodrugs were assayed for anti-HIV activity in CEM cell cultures─the bispivaloyloxymethyl free acid monophosphonate prodrug exhibited some activity (inhibitory concentration-50 (IC50) 59 ± 17 μM), while the other prodrugs were inactive at 100 μM. A racemic bispivaloyloxymethyl methyl ester monophosphonate prodrug was also prepared to assess the suitability of the methyl ester as a carboxylic acid prodrug. This compound exhibited no activity against HIV in cellular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Ford
- School
of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility,
Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Nicholas D. Mullins
- School
of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility,
Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega
Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anita R. Maguire
- School
of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility,
Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland,School
of Pharmacy, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility,
Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland,
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8
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Ma W, Zhang S, Xu L, Zhang B, Li G, Rao B, Zhang M, He G. Pyrene-tethered bismoviologens for visible light-induced C(sp3)–P and C(sp2)–P bonds formation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Rudge ES, Chan AHY, Leeper FJ. Prodrugs of pyrophosphates and bisphosphonates: disguising phosphorus oxyanions. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:375-391. [PMID: 35647550 PMCID: PMC9020613 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00297j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrophosphates have important functions in living systems and thus pyrophosphate-containing molecules and their more stable bisphosphonate analogues have the potential to be used as drugs for treating many diseases including cancer and viral infections. Both pyrophosphates and bisphosphonates are polyanionic at physiological pH and, whilst this is essential for their biological activity, it also limits their use as therapeutic agents. In particular, the high negative charge density of these compounds prohibits cell entry other than by endocytosis, prevents transcellular oral absorption and causes sequestration to bone. Therefore, prodrug strategies have been developed to temporarily disguise the charges of these compounds. This review examines the various systems that have been used to mask the phosphorus-containing moieties of pyrophosphates and bisphosphonates and also illustrates the utility of such prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S Rudge
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Alex H Y Chan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Finian J Leeper
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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10
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Tokuoka H, Imae R, Nakashima H, Manya H, Masuda C, Hoshino S, Kobayashi K, Lefeber DJ, Matsumoto R, Okada T, Endo T, Kanagawa M, Toda T. CDP-ribitol prodrug treatment ameliorates ISPD-deficient muscular dystrophy mouse model. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1847. [PMID: 35422047 PMCID: PMC9010444 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribitol-phosphate modification is crucial for the functional maturation of α-dystroglycan. Its dysfunction is associated with muscular dystrophy, cardiomyopathy, and central nervous system abnormalities; however, no effective treatments are currently available for diseases caused by ribitol-phosphate defects. In this study, we demonstrate that prodrug treatments can ameliorate muscular dystrophy caused by defects in isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD), which encodes an enzyme that synthesizes CDP-ribitol, a donor substrate for ribitol-phosphate modification. We generated skeletal muscle-selective Ispd conditional knockout mice, leading to a pathogenic reduction in CDP-ribitol levels, abnormal glycosylation of α-dystroglycan, and severe muscular dystrophy. Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene replacement experiments suggested that the recovery of CDP-ribitol levels rescues the ISPD-deficient pathology. As a prodrug treatment strategy, we developed a series of membrane-permeable CDP-ribitol derivatives, among which tetraacetylated CDP-ribitol ameliorated the dystrophic pathology. In addition, the prodrug successfully rescued abnormal α-dystroglycan glycosylation in patient fibroblasts. Consequently, our findings provide proof-of-concept for supplementation therapy with CDP-ribitol and could accelerate the development of therapeutic agents for muscular dystrophy and other diseases caused by glycosylation defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Tokuoka
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Division of Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017 Japan ,grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Division of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
| | - Rieko Imae
- grid.417092.9Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakashima
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Division of Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Manya
- grid.417092.9Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| | - Chiaki Masuda
- grid.410821.e0000 0001 2173 8328Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hoshino
- grid.417092.9Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kobayashi
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Division of Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
| | - Dirk J. Lefeber
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Division of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017 Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
| | - Tamao Endo
- grid.417092.9Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| | - Motoi Kanagawa
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Division of Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017 Japan ,grid.255464.40000 0001 1011 3808Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
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11
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Jia X, Ganter B, Meier C. Improving properties of the nucleobase analogs T-705/T-1105 as potential antiviral. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 57:1-47. [PMID: 34728864 PMCID: PMC8553380 DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this minireview we describe our work on the improvement of the nucleobase analogs Favipiravir (T-705) und its non-fluorinated derivative T-1105 as influenza and SARS-CoV-2 active compounds. Both nucleobases were converted into nucleotides and then included in our nucleotide prodrugs technologies cycloSal-monophosphates, DiPPro-nucleoside diphosphates and TriPPPro-nucleoside triphosphates. Particularly the DiPPro-derivatives of T-1105-RDP proved to be very active against influenza viruses. T-1105-derivatives in general were found to be more antivirally active as compared to their T-705 counterpart. This may be due to the low chemical stability of all ribosylated derivatives of T-705. The ribosyltriphosphate derivative of T-1105 was studied for the potential to act as a inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and was found to be an extremely potent compound causing lethal mutagenesis. The pronucleotide technologies, the chemical synthesis, the biophysical properties and the biological effects of the compounds will be addressed as well.
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Zhao C, Weber S, Schols D, Balzarini J, Meier C. Prodrugs of γ-Alkyl-Modified Nucleoside Triphosphates: Improved Inhibition of HIV Reverse Transcriptase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22063-22071. [PMID: 32379948 PMCID: PMC7756582 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The development of nucleoside triphosphate prodrugs is one option to apply nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Herein, we report the synthesis and evaluation of d4TTP analogues, in which the γ-phosphate was modified covalently by lipophilic alkyl residues, and acyloxybenzyl prodrugs of these γ-alkyl-modified d4TTPs, with the aim of delivering of γ-alkyl-d4TTP into cells. Selective formation of γ-alkyl-d4TTP was proven with esterase and in CD4+ -cell extracts. In contrast to d4TTP, γ-alkyl-d4TTPs proved highly stable against dephosphorylation. Primer extension assays with HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) and DNA-polymerases α, β or γ showed that γ-alkyl-d4TTPs were substrates for HIV-RT only. In antiviral assays, compounds were highly potent inhibitors of HIV-1 and HIV-2 also in thymidine-kinase-deficient T-cell cultures (CEM/TK- ). Thus, the intracellular delivery of such γ-alkyl-nucleoside triphosphates may potentially lead to nucleoside triphosphates with a higher selectivity towards the viral polymerase that can act in virus-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Zhao
- Organic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of HamburgMartin-Luther-King-Platz 620146HamburgGermany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Organic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of HamburgMartin-Luther-King-Platz 620146HamburgGermany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and ChemotherapyDepartment of Microbiology and ImmunologyRega Institute for Medical ResearchKU LeuvenHerestraat 493000LeuvenBelgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Laboratory of Virology and ChemotherapyDepartment of Microbiology and ImmunologyRega Institute for Medical ResearchKU LeuvenHerestraat 493000LeuvenBelgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of HamburgMartin-Luther-King-Platz 620146HamburgGermany
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13
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Zhao C, Weber S, Schols D, Balzarini J, Meier C. Prodrugs of γ‐Alkyl‐Modified Nucleoside Triphosphates: Improved Inhibition of HIV Reverse Transcriptase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Zhao
- Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy Department of Microbiology and Immunology Rega Institute for Medical Research KU Leuven Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy Department of Microbiology and Immunology Rega Institute for Medical Research KU Leuven Herestraat 49 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
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14
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Nack T, Dinis de Oliveira T, Weber S, Schols D, Balzarini J, Meier C. γ-Ketobenzyl-Modified Nucleoside Triphosphate Prodrugs as Potential Antivirals. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13745-13761. [PMID: 33186038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The antiviral activity of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors is often hampered by insufficient phosphorylation. Nucleoside triphosphate analogues are presented, in which the γ-phosphate was covalently modified by a non-bioreversible, lipophilic 4-alkylketobenzyl moiety. Interestingly, primer extension assays using human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (HIV-RT) and three DNA-polymerases showed a high selectivity of these γ-modified nucleoside triphosphates to act as substrates for HIV-RT, while they proved to be nonsubstrates for DNA-polymerases α, β, and γ. In contrast to d4TTP, the γ-modified d4TTPs showed a high resistance toward dephosphorylation in cell extracts. A series of acyloxybenzyl-prodrugs of these γ-ketobenzyl nucleoside triphosphates was prepared. The aim was the intracellular delivery of a stable γ-modified nucleoside triphosphate to increase the selectivity of such compounds to act in infected versus noninfected cells. Delivery of γ-ketobenzyl-d4TTPs was proven in T-lymphocyte cell extracts. The prodrugs were potent inhibitors of HIV-1/2 in cultures of infected CEM/0 cells and more importantly in thymidine kinase-deficient CD4+ T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Nack
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thiago Dinis de Oliveira
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Zhao C, Jia X, Schols D, Balzarini J, Meier C. γ-Non-Symmetrically Dimasked TriPPPro Prodrugs as Potential Antiviral Agents against HIV. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:499-512. [PMID: 33089929 PMCID: PMC7894357 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and nucleoside analogue monophosphate prodrugs are used in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The design of antivirally active nucleoside triphosphate prodrugs is a recent and an important advancement in the field of nucleoside analogue drug development. Here, we report on TriPPPro‐derivatives of nucleoside analogue triphosphates (NTPs) that comprised two different acyloxybenzyl‐masks at the γ‐phosphate of the NTP aiming to achieve the metabolic bypass. Thus, γ‐non‐symmetrically dimasked TriPPPro‐compounds (γ‐(AB,ab)‐d4TTPs) were synthesized and they proved to be active against HIV‐1 and HIV‐2 in cultures of infected wild‐type human CD4+ T‐lymphocyte (CEM/0) cells and more importantly also in thymidine kinase‐deficient CD4+ T‐cells (CEM/TK‐). From hydrolysis studies both in phosphate buffer (PB, pH 7.3) and CEM cell extracts, there was surprisingly no differentiation in the cleavage of the two acyloxybenzyl prodrug‐masks. However, if within one of the two acyloxybenzyl groups a short PEG‐type methoxytriglycol group was introduced, the “standard” acyloxybenzyl‐mask was cleaved with high preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Zhao
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiao Jia
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Byrne SR, Rokita SE. Unraveling Reversible DNA Cross-Links with a Biological Machine. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2903-2913. [PMID: 33147957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reversible generation and capture of certain electrophilic quinone methide intermediates support dynamic reactions with DNA that allow for migration and transfer of alkylation and cross-linking. This reversibility also expands the possible consequences that can be envisioned when confronted by DNA repair processes and biological machines. To begin testing the response to such an encounter, quinone methide-based modification of DNA has now been challenged with a helicase (T7 bacteriophage gene protein four, T7gp4) that promotes 5' to 3' translocation and unwinding. This model protein was selected based on its widespread application, well characterized mechanism and detailed structural information. Little over one-half of the cross-linking generated by a bisfunctional quinone methide remained stable to T7gp4 and did not suppress its activity. The helicase likely avoids the topological block generated by this fraction of cross-linking by its ability to shift from single- to double-stranded translocation. The remaining fraction of cross-linking was destroyed during T7gp4 catalysis. Thus, this helicase is chemically competent to promote release of the quinone methide from DNA. The ability of T7gp4 to act as a Brownian ratchet for unwinding DNA may block recapture of the QM intermediate by DNA during its transient release from a donor strand. Most surprisingly, T7gp4 releases the quinone methide from both the translocating strand that passes through its central channel and the excluded strand that was typically unaffected by other lesions. The ability of T7gp4 to reverse the cross-link formed by the quinone methide does not extend to that formed irreversibly by the nitrogen mustard mechlorethamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane R Byrne
- Chemistry Biology Interface Graduate Training Program and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Steven E Rokita
- Chemistry Biology Interface Graduate Training Program and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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17
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Jia X, Weber S, Schols D, Meier C. Membrane Permeable, Bioreversibly Modified Prodrugs of Nucleoside Diphosphate-γ-Phosphonates. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11990-12007. [PMID: 32991174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are widely used as antiviral and anticancer agents, although they require intracellular phosphorylation into their antivirally active form, the triphosphorylated nucleoside analogue metabolites. We report on the synthesis and characterization of a new class of nucleoside triphosphate analogues comprising a C-alkyl-phosphonate moiety replacing the γ-phosphate. These compounds were converted into bioreversibly modified lipophilic prodrugs at the γ-phosphonate by the attachment of an acyloxybenzyl (ester) or an alkoxycarbonyloxybenzyl (carbonate) group. Such compounds formed γ-C-(alkyl)-nucleoside triphosphate analogues with high selectivity because of an enzyme-triggered delivery mechanism. The latter compounds were very stable in CD4+ T-lymphocyte (CEM cell) extracts, and they were substrates for HIV-reverse transcriptase without being substrates for DNA-polymerases α, β, and γ. In antiviral assays, the excellent antiviral activity of the prodrugs that was found in CEM/0 cells was completely kept in CEM/TK- cells. The activity was improved by 3 logs as compared to the parent nucleoside d4T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jia
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Wiemer AJ. Metabolic Efficacy of Phosphate Prodrugs and the Remdesivir Paradigm. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:613-626. [PMID: 32821882 PMCID: PMC7409933 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Drugs that contain phosphates (and
phosphonates or phosphinates)
have intrinsic absorption issues and are therefore often delivered
in prodrug forms to promote their uptake. Effective prodrug forms
distribute their payload to the site of the intended target and release
it efficiently with minimal byproduct toxicity. The ability to balance
unwanted payload release during transit with desired release at the
site of action is critical to prodrug efficacy. Despite decades of
research on prodrug forms, choosing the ideal prodrug form remains
a challenge which is often solved empirically. The recent emergency
use authorization of the antiviral remdesivir for COVID-19 exemplifies
a new approach for delivery of phosphate prodrugs by parenteral dosing,
which minimizes payload release during transit and maximizes tissue
payload distribution. This review focuses on the role of metabolic
activation in efficacy during oral and parenteral dosing of phosphate,
phosphonate, and phosphinate prodrugs. Through examining prior structure–activity
studies on prodrug forms and the choices that led to development of
remdesivir and other clinical drugs and drug candidates, a better
understanding of their ability to distribute to the planned site of
action, such as the liver, plasma, PBMCs, or peripheral tissues, can
be gained. The structure–activity relationships described here
will facilitate the rational design of future prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Wiemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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19
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Jia X, Schols D, Meier C. Lipophilic Triphosphate Prodrugs of Various Nucleoside Analogues. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6991-7007. [PMID: 32515595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The antiviral efficacy of many nucleoside analogues is strongly dependent on their intracellular activation by host cellular kinases to yield ultimately the bioactive nucleoside analogue triphosphates (NTP). The metabolic conversion of nucleoside analogues into their triphosphates often proceeds insufficiently. We developed a nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) delivery system (the TriPPPro approach), in which the γ-phosphate is covalently modified by two different biodegradable masking units, one is the acyloxybenzyl (AB) moiety and the other is the alkoxycarbonyloxybenzyl (ACB) group. Such compounds formed NTPs with high selectivity by an enzyme-triggered mechanism in human T-lymphocyte CEM cell extracts loosing first the AB moiety, followed by the ACB group. This enables the bypass of all steps of the intracellular phosphorylation. This approach was applied here to convert some modestly active or even inactive nucleoside analogues into powerful biologically active metabolites. Potent antiviral activity profiles were obtained depending on the lipophilicity of the TriPPPro-NTP prodrugs against HIV-1 and HIV-2 replication in cultures of infected wild-type CD4+ CEM T-cells and more importantly in thymidine kinase-deficient CD4+ T-cells (CEM/TK-). This TriPPPro strategy offers high potential for future antiviral and antitumoral chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jia
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Abstract
We disclose a study on nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) analogues in which the γ-phosphate is covalently modified by two different biodegradable masking units and d4T as nucleoside analogue that enable the delivery of d4TTP with high selectivity in phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) and by enzyme-triggered reactions in human CD4+ T-lymphocyte CEM cell extracts. This allows the bypass of all steps normally needed in the intracellular phosphorylation. These TriPPPro-nucleotides comprising an acyloxybenzyl (AB; ester) or an alkoxycarbonyloxybenzyl (ACB; carbonate) in combination with an ACB moiety are described as NTP delivery systems. The introduction of these two different groups led to the selective formation of γ-(ACB)-d4TTPs by chemical hydrolysis and in particular by cell extract enzymes. γ-(AB)-d4TTPs are faster cleaved than γ-(ACB)-d4TTPs. In antiviral assays, the compounds are highly active against HIV-1 and HIV-2 in wild-type CEM/O cells and more importantly in thymidine kinase-deficient CD4+ T-cells (CEM/TK-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jia
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Hutchinson MA, Deeyaa BD, Byrne SR, Williams SJ, Rokita SE. Directing Quinone Methide-Dependent Alkylation and Cross-Linking of Nucleic Acids with Quaternary Amines. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1486-1496. [PMID: 32298588 PMCID: PMC7242154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyamine and polyammonium ion conjugates are often used to direct reagents to nucleic acids based on their strong electrostatic attraction to the phosphoribose backbone. Such nonspecific interactions do not typically alter the specificity of the attached reagent, but polyammonium ions dramatically redirected the specificity of a series of quinone methide precursors. Replacement of a relatively nonspecific intercalator based on acridine with a series of polyammonium ions resulted in a surprising change of DNA products. Piperidine stable adducts were generated in duplex DNA that lacked the ability to support a dynamic cross-linking observed previously with acridine conjugates. Minor reaction at guanine N7, the site of reversible reaction, was retained by a monofunctional quinone methide-polyammonium ion conjugate, but a bisfunctional analogue designed for tandem quinone methide formation modified guanine N7 in only single-stranded DNA. The resulting intrastrand cross-links were sufficiently dynamic to rearrange to interstrand cross-links. However, no further transfer of adducts was observed in duplex DNA. An alternative design that spatially and temporally decoupled the two quinone methide equivalents neither restored the dynamic reaction nor cross-linked DNA efficiently. While di- and triammonium ion conjugates successfully enhanced the yields of cross-linking by a bisquinone methide relative to a monoammonium equivalent, alternative ligands will be necessary to facilitate the migration of cross-linking and its potential application to disrupt DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Hutchinson
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Blessing D. Deeyaa
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Shane R. Byrne
- Chemistry-Biology Interface Program, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Sierra J. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
| | - Steven E. Rokita
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
- Chemistry-Biology Interface Program, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
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22
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Deeyaa BD, Rokita SE. Migratory ability of quinone methide-generating acridine conjugates in DNA. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1671-1678. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00081g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of a bisquinone methide–acridine conjugate to its monofunctional analogue releases the constraints that limit migration of its reversible adducts within DNA.
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23
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Procházková E, Hřebabecký H, Dejmek M, Šála M, Šmídková M, Tloušťová E, Zborníková E, Eyer L, Růžek D, Nencka R. Could 5'-N and S ProTide analogues work as prodrugs of antiviral agents? Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 30:126897. [PMID: 31882298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The nucleoside/nucleotide derived antiviral agents have been the most important components of antiviral therapy used in clinics. Recently, the focus of the medicinal chemists within this exciting research field has been affected mainly by the lack of effective therapies for the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and several other "neglected" diseases caused by viruses such as Zika or Dengue. 2'-Methyl modified nucleosides and their monophosphate prodrugs (ProTides) have revolutionized the therapies for HCV in the last few years and, according to the latest research efforts, have also brought a promise for treatment of diseases caused by other members of Flaviviridae family. Here, we report on the design and synthesis of 5'-N and S modified ProTides derived from 2'-methyladenosine. We studied potential applicability of these derivatives as prodrugs of this archetypal antiviral compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Procházková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 116 10, Czech Republic
| | - Hubert Hřebabecký
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 116 10, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dejmek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 116 10, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šála
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 116 10, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Šmídková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 116 10, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tloušťová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 116 10, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Zborníková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 116 10, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Eyer
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Růžek
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 116 10, Czech Republic
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24
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Goody RS, Müller MP, Rauh D. Mutant-Specific Targeting of Ras G12C Activity by Covalently Reacting Small Molecules. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1338-1348. [PMID: 31378709 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this review we discuss and compare recently introduced molecules that are able to react covalently with an oncogenic mutant of KRas, KRas G12C. Two different classes of compounds in question have been developed, both leading to the mutant being locked in the inactive (guanosine diphosphate [GDP]-bound) state. The first are compounds that interact reversibly with the switch-II pocket (S-IIP) before covalent interaction. The second class interact in a competitive manner with the GDP/guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding site. The fundamental physico-chemical principles of the two inhibitor classes are evaluated. For GDP/GTP-competing molecules, we show that special attention must be paid to the influence of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and their elevated activity in cells harboring abnormally activated Ras mutants. A new approach is suggested involving compounds that interact with the guanine binding site of the GTPase, but in a manner that is independent of the interaction of the GTPase with its cognate GEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger S Goody
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Matthias P Müller
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD) am Zentrum für integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniel Rauh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Drug Discovery Hub Dortmund (DDHD) am Zentrum für integrierte Wirkstoffforschung (ZIW), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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25
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Membrane-Permeable Octanoyloxybenzyl-Masked cNMPs As Novel Tools for Non-Invasive Cell Assays. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112960. [PMID: 30428589 PMCID: PMC6278358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenine nucleotide (AN) 2nd messengers, such as 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), are central elements of intracellular signaling, but many details of their underlying processes remain elusive. Like all nucleotides, cyclic nucleotide monophosphates (cNMPs) are net-negatively charged at physiologic pH which limits their applicability in cell-based settings. Thus, many cellular assays rely on sophisticated techniques like microinjection or electroporation. This setup is not feasible for medium- to high-throughput formats, and the mechanic stress that cells are exposed to raises the probability of interfering artefacts or false-positives. Here, we present a short and flexible chemical route yielding membrane-permeable, bio-reversibly masked cNMPs for which we employed the octanoyloxybenzyl (OB) group. We further show hydrolysis studies on chemical stability and enzymatic activation, and present results of real-time assays, where we used cAMP and Ca2+ live cell imaging to demonstrate high permeability and prompt intracellular conversion of some selected masked cNMPs. Based on these results, our novel OB-masked cNMPs constitute valuable precursor-tools for non-invasive studies on intracellular signaling.
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26
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Courtens C, Risseeuw M, Caljon G, Cos P, Van Calenbergh S. Acyloxybenzyl and Alkoxyalkyl Prodrugs of a Fosmidomycin Surrogate as Antimalarial and Antitubercular Agents. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:986-989. [PMID: 30344904 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two classes of prodrugs of a fosmidomycin surrogate were synthesized and investigated for their ability to inhibit in vitro growth of P. falciparum and M. tuberculosis. To this end, a novel efficient synthesis route was developed involving a cross metathesis reaction as a key step. Alkoxyalkyl prodrugs show decent antimalarial activities, but acyloxybenzyl prodrugs proved to be the most interesting and show enhanced antimalarial and antitubercular activity. The most active antimalarial analogues show low nanomolar IC50 values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Courtens
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn Risseeuw
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (S7), B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (S7), B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Camarasa MJ. Prodrugs of Nucleoside Triphosphates as a Sound and Challenging Approach: A Pioneering Work That Opens a New Era in the Direct Intracellular Delivery of Nucleoside Triphosphates. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1885-1889. [PMID: 30152096 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic nucleosides, designed to mimic naturally occurring nucleosides, are important antiviral and anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. However, nucleosides are not active as such and need to be metabolized, step by step, to their corresponding active nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs). This is mediated by phosphorylating enzymes, mainly host cellular kinases with strong specificity for their substrates; in many cases, this specificity prevents efficient conversion into the NTPs. To circumvent this metabolic handicap, successful nucleo(s/t)ide prodrugs have been developed as a valuable concept in the design of effective drugs. The unique concept of the TriPPPro approach, developed by Chris Meier and colleagues, is a powerful tool for the intracellular delivery of active NTPs, bypassing all the phosphorylation steps required by nucleosides to yield the active NTP metabolites. This concept is illustrated herein with general examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Camarasa
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Bray M, Andrei G, Ballana E, Carter K, Durantel D, Gentry B, Janeba Z, Moffat J, Oomen CJ, Tarbet B, Riveira-Muñoz E, Esté JA. Meeting report: 31 st International Conference on Antiviral Research. Antiviral Res 2018; 158:88-102. [PMID: 30086336 PMCID: PMC7113893 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The 31st International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR) was held in Porto, Portugal from June 11–15, 2018. In this report, volunteer rapporteurs provide their summaries of scientific presentations, hoping to effectively convey the speakers' goals and the results and conclusions of their talks. This report provides an overview of the invited keynote and award lectures and highlights of short oral presentations, from the perspective of experts in antiviral research. Of note, a session on human cytomegalovirus included an update on the introduction to the clinic of letermovir for the prevention of CMV infection and disease. The 31st ICAR successfully promoted new discoveries in antiviral research and drug development. The 32nd ICAR will be held in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, May 6–10, 2019. The 31st ICAR was held in Porto, Portugal, June 11–15, 2018. This article provides an overview of the invited keynote and award lectures and highlights of short oral presentations. ICAR provided an interdisciplinary forum to review recent developments in all areas of antiviral research. The 32nd ICAR will be held in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, May 6–10, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graciela Andrei
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ester Ballana
- AIDS Research Institute - Irsicaixa, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - David Durantel
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM, U1052, UMR_5286 CNRS/University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Brian Gentry
- Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Clasien J Oomen
- Virology Division, Dept. of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Tarbet
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Eva Riveira-Muñoz
- AIDS Research Institute - Irsicaixa, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.
| | - José A Esté
- AIDS Research Institute - Irsicaixa, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.
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29
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Huchting J, Vanderlinden E, Winkler M, Nasser H, Naesens L, Meier C. Prodrugs of the Phosphoribosylated Forms of Hydroxypyrazinecarboxamide Pseudobase T-705 and Its De-Fluoro Analogue T-1105 as Potent Influenza Virus Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6193-6210. [PMID: 29906392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We here disclose chemical synthesis of ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate (RMP), -diphosphate (RDP), and -triphosphate (RTP) and cycloSal-, Di PPro-, and Tri PPPro nucleotide prodrugs of the antiviral pseudobase T-1105. Moreover, we include one nucleoside diphosphate prodrug of the chemically less stable T-705. We demonstrate efficient T-1105-RDP and -RTP release from the Di PPro and Tri PPPro compounds by esterase activation. Using crude enzyme extracts, we saw rapid phosphorylation of T-1105-RDP into T-1105-RTP. In sharp contrast, phosphorylation of T-1105-RMP was not seen, indicating a yet unrecognized bottleneck in T-1105's metabolic activation. Accordingly, Di PPro and Tri PPPro compounds displayed improved cell culture activity against influenza A and B virus, which they retained in a mutant cell line incapable of activating the nucleobase parent. T-1105-RTP had a strong inhibitory effect against isolated influenza polymerase, and Di PPro-T-1105-RDP showed 4-fold higher potency in suppressing one-cycle viral RNA synthesis versus T-1105. Hence, our T-1105-RDP and -RTP prodrugs improve antiviral potency and achieve efficient metabolic bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Huchting
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , Hamburg University , Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany.,KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Herestraat 49 , B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Evelien Vanderlinden
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Herestraat 49 , B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Matthias Winkler
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , Hamburg University , Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Hiba Nasser
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , Hamburg University , Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Lieve Naesens
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Herestraat 49 , B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences , Hamburg University , Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 , D-20146 Hamburg , Germany
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30
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Visible light-promoted metal-free aerobic oxyphosphorylation of olefins: A facile approach to β-ketophosphine oxides. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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31
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Granger E, Solomianko K, Young C, Erb J. Exploration of chiral Lewis acid Mg 2+ catalysts in the synthesis of aryl organophosphate triesters from phosphorus oxychloride through a three-step, two-pot substitution sequence. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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32
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Abstract
In this review, our recent advances in the development of nucleoside di- and nucleoside triphosphate prodrugs is summarized. Previously, we had developed a successful membrane-permeable pronucleotide system for the intracellular delivery of nucleoside monophosphates as well, the so-called cycloSal-approach. In contrast to that work in which the delivery is initiated by a chemically driven hydrolysis reaction, for the di- and triphosphate delivery, an enzymatic trigger mechanism involving (carboxy)esterases had to be used. The other features of the new pronucleotide approaches are: (i) lipophilic modification was restricted to the terminal phosphate group leaving charges at the internal phosphate moieties and (ii) appropriate lipophilicity is introduced by long aliphatic residues within the bipartite prodrug moiety. The conceptional design of the di- and triphosphate prodrug systems will be described and the chemical synthesis, the hydrolysis properties, a structure-activity relationship and antiviral activity data will be discussed as well. The advantage of these new approaches is that all phosphorylation steps from the nucleoside analogue into the bioactive nucleoside triphosphate form can be bypassed in the case of the triphosphate prodrugs. Moreover, enzymatic processes like the deamination of nucleosides or nucleoside monophosphates which lead to catabolic clearance of the potential antivirally active compound can be avoided by the delivery of the higher phosphorylated nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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33
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Zhou P, Hu B, Li L, Rao K, Yang J, Yu F. Mn(OAc)3-Promoted Oxidative Csp3–P Bond Formation through Csp2–Csp2 and P–H Bond Cleavage: Access to β-Ketophosphonates. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13268-13276. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- Faculty of Life Science and
Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Biao Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and
Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Lingdan Li
- Faculty of Life Science and
Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Kairui Rao
- Faculty of Life Science and
Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and
Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Fuchao Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and
Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
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34
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Pahnke K, Meier C. Synthesis of a Bioreversibly Masked Lipophilic Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose Derivative. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1616-1626. [PMID: 28589630 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The design of a bioreversibly protected lipophilic sugar nucleotide as a potential membrane-permeable precursor of adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) is described. ADPR is the most potent activator of the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) ion channel. Membrane-permeable, lipophilic derivatives of ADPR are of great interest as tools for study of the mechanism of TRPM2. The approach described here was based on our recently disclosed "DiPPro" and "TriPPPro" prodrug approaches developed for the intracellular delivery of nucleotides. A lipophilic, bioreversibly masked ADPR analogue containing an enzymatically cleavable 4-pentanoyloxybenzyl (PB) mask at the phosphate moiety next to the 5'-position of adenosine, together with O-acetyl groups, was prepared in high yields. Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis studies in phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) were performed to assess chemical stability and possible (selective) enzymatic demasking of the ADPR analogue. HPLC-MS revealed that the PB group was readily cleaved enzymatically. In addition, the formation of partially deacetylated ADPR compounds and also of fully unprotected ADPR was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Pahnke
- Universität Hamburg, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris Meier
- Universität Hamburg, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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35
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Jordan PC, Stevens SK, Tam Y, Pemberton RP, Chaudhuri S, Stoycheva AD, Dyatkina N, Wang G, Symons JA, Deval J, Beigelman L. Activation Pathway of a Nucleoside Analog Inhibiting Respiratory Syncytial Virus Polymerase. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:83-91. [PMID: 28103684 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a negative-sense RNA virus and a significant cause of respiratory infection in infants and the elderly. No effective vaccines or antiviral therapies are available for the treatment of RSV. ALS-8176 is a first-in-class nucleoside prodrug inhibitor of RSV replication currently under clinical evaluation. ALS-8112, the parent molecule of ALS-8176, undergoes intracellular phosphorylation, yielding the active 5'-triphosphate metabolite. The host kinases responsible for this conversion are not known. Therefore, elucidation of the ALS-8112 activation pathway is key to further understanding its conversion mechanism, particularly given its potent antiviral effects. Here, we have identified the activation pathway of ALS-8112 and show it is unlike other antiviral cytidine analogs. The first step, driven by deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), is highly efficient, while the second step limits the formation of the active 5'-triphosphate species. ALS-8112 is a 2'- and 4'-modified nucleoside analog, prompting us to investigate dCK recognition of other 2'- and 4'-modified nucleosides. Our biochemical approach along with computational modeling contributes to an enhanced structure-activity profile for dCK. These results highlight an exciting potential to optimize nucleoside analogs based on the second activation step and increased attention toward nucleoside diphosphate and triphosphate prodrugs in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Jordan
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part
of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, South
San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Sarah K. Stevens
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part
of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, South
San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Yuen Tam
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part
of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, South
San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Ryan P. Pemberton
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part
of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, South
San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Shuvam Chaudhuri
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part
of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, South
San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Antitsa D. Stoycheva
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part
of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, South
San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Natalia Dyatkina
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part
of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, South
San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part
of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, South
San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Julian A. Symons
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part
of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, South
San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Jerome Deval
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part
of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, South
San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Leo Beigelman
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., part
of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies, South
San Francisco, California, United States
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36
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Fu Q, Yi D, Zhang Z, Liang W, Chen S, Yang L, Zhang Q, Ji J, Wei W. Copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling of ketones with P(O)–H compounds leading to β-ketophosphine oxides. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00202e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A facile copper-catalyzed one-pot method for the synthesis of β-ketophosphine oxides has been developed via aerobic oxidative coupling of ketones with P(O)–H compounds assisted by TBSOTf at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Dong Yi
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Wu Liang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Suyuan Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Lu Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Jianxin Ji
- Chengdu Institute of Biology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
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37
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Gollnest T, Dinis de Oliveira T, Rath A, Hauber I, Schols D, Balzarini J, Meier C. Membrane-permeable Triphosphate Prodrugs of Nucleoside Analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Gollnest
- Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Thiago Dinis de Oliveira
- Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Anna Rath
- Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Ilona Hauber
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute; Leibniz Institute of Experimental Virology; Martinistrasse 52 20251 Hamburg Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute for Medical Research; KU Leuven; Minderbroedersstraat 10 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute for Medical Research; KU Leuven; Minderbroedersstraat 10 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
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38
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Gollnest T, Dinis de Oliveira T, Rath A, Hauber I, Schols D, Balzarini J, Meier C. Membrane-permeable Triphosphate Prodrugs of Nucleoside Analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5255-8. [PMID: 27008042 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic conversion of nucleoside analogues into their triphosphates often proceeds insufficiently. Rate-limitations can be at the mono-, but also at the di- and triphosphorylation steps. We developed a nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) delivery system (TriPPPro-approach). In this approach, NTPs are masked by two bioreversible units at the γ-phosphate. Using a procedure involving H-phosphonate chemistry, a series of derivatives bearing approved, as well as potentially antivirally active, nucleoside analogues was synthesized. The enzyme-triggered delivery of NTPs was demonstrated by pig liver esterase, in human T-lymphocyte cell extracts and by a polymerase chain reaction using a prodrug of thymidine triphosphate. The TriPPPro-compounds of some HIV-inactive nucleoside analogues showed marked anti-HIV activity. For cellular uptake studies, a fluorescent TriPPPro-compound was prepared that delivered the triphosphorylated metabolite to intact CEM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Gollnest
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thiago Dinis de Oliveira
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Rath
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilona Hauber
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute of Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
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39
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Yin Y, Sasaki S, Taniguchi Y. Inhibitory Effect of 8-Halogenated 7-Deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine Triphosphates on Human 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine Triphosphatase, hMTH1, Activities. Chembiochem 2016; 17:566-9. [PMID: 26879218 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
hMTH1 (8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanine triphosphatase) hydrolyzes oxidized nucleoside triphosphates; its presence is non-essential for survival of normal cells but is required for survival of cancer cells. In this study, 8-halogenated-7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine triphosphate (8-halogenated-7-deazadGTP) derivatives were synthesized. Interestingly, these triphosphates were poor substrates for hMTH1, but exhibited strong competitive inhibition against hMTH1 at nanomolar levels. This inhibitory effect is attributed to slower rate of hydrolysis, possibly arising from enzyme structural changes, specifically different stacking interactions with 8-halogenated-7-deazadGTP. This is the first example of using nucleotide derivatives to inhibit hMTH1, thus demonstrating their potential as antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Yin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shigeki Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yosuke Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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40
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Bu MJ, Lu GP, Cai C. Metal-free oxidative phosphinylation of aryl alkynes to β-ketophosphine oxides via visible-light photoredox catalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01541c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced oxidative phosphinylation of arylacetylenes catalyzed by an inexpensive organic dye was demonstrated to be effective under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-jie Bu
- Chemical Engineering College
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Guo-ping Lu
- Chemical Engineering College
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Chun Cai
- Chemical Engineering College
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- PR China
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41
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Gollnest T, de Oliveira TD, Schols D, Balzarini J, Meier C. Lipophilic prodrugs of nucleoside triphosphates as biochemical probes and potential antivirals. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8716. [PMID: 26503889 PMCID: PMC4640093 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiviral activity of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors is often limited by ineffective phosphorylation. We report on a nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) prodrug approach in which the γ-phosphate of NTPs is bioreversibly modified. A series of TriPPPro-compounds bearing two lipophilic masking units at the γ-phosphate and d4T as a nucleoside analogue are synthesized. Successful delivery of d4TTP is demonstrated in human CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell extracts by an enzyme-triggered mechanism with high selectivity. In antiviral assays, the compounds are potent inhibitors of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in CD4+ T-cell (CEM) cultures. Highly lipophilic acyl residues lead to higher membrane permeability that results in intracellular delivery of phosphorylated metabolites in thymidine kinase-deficient CEM/TK− cells with higher antiviral activity than the parent nucleoside. Charged phosphorylated metabolite such as nucleoside tri-phosphates exhibit poor membrane permeability due to their high polarity, limiting their utility as drugs or cellular probes. Here the authors develop a method to render nucleoside triphosphates cell permeable and allows their release by an enzyme-triggered mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Gollnest
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thiago Dinis de Oliveira
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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