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Wang L, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Li C, Yi Y, Tian J, Li G, Xian Z, Wang F, Meng J, Zhang Y, Han J, Pan C, Liu S, Liu M, Liu C, Liang A. Long-term toxicity evaluation of aristolochic acid-IIIa in mice. Toxicology 2024; 506:153838. [PMID: 38797228 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA)-IIIa is an AA analog present in Aristolochiaceae plants. To evaluate the chronic toxicity of AA-IIIa, mice were intragastrically administered with media control, 1 mg/kg AA-IIIa, and 10 mg/kg AA-IIIa, and designated as the control (CTL), AA-IIIa low dose (AA-IIIa-L), and AA-IIIa high dose (AA-IIIa-H) groups, respectively. AA-IIIa was administered three times a week, every other day, for 24 weeks (24-week time point). Thereafter, some mice were sacrificed immediately, while others were sacrificed 29 or 50 weeks after AA-IIIa withdrawal (53- or 74-week time point). Serum and organs were collected for biochemical and pathological analyses, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the kidney, liver, and stomach tissues of AA-IIIa-treated mice for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection. AA-IIIa-H mice died at 66 weeks, and the remaining mice showed moribund conditions at the 69 weeks. AA-IIIa induced minor kidney tubule injury, fibroblast hyperplasia, and forestomach carcinoma in mice. Bladder, intestine, liver, heart, spleen, lung, and testis tissues were not pathologically altered by AA-IIIa. In addition, AA-IIIa increased the C:G > A:T mutation in the kidney; however, no SNP mutation changes were observed in the liver and forestomach tissues of AA-IIIa-H mice at the 24-week time point compared with control mice. Therefore, we suspect that AA-IIIa is potentially mutagenic for mice after overdose and long-term administration. On the other hand, the forestomach is a unique organ in mice, but it does not exist in humans; thus, we hypothesize that the stomach toxicity induced by AA-IIIa is not a suitable reference for toxicological evaluation in humans. We recommend that Aristolochiaceae plants containing AA-IIIa should be properly supervised, and overdosing and long-term administration of drugs containing AA-IIIa should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhuo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayin Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meiting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Caballero-Gallardo K, Alvarez-Ortega N, Olivero-Verbel J. Cytotoxicity of Nine Medicinal Plants from San Basilio de Palenque (Colombia) on HepG2 Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2686. [PMID: 37514300 PMCID: PMC10383961 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of plants with medicinal properties is deeply rooted in the traditional knowledge of diverse human populations. This study aims to investigate the cytotoxicity of nine plants commonly used by communities in San Basilio de Palenque, Bolivar (Colombia), for managing inflammation-related illnesses. Hydroethanolic extracts from various plant parts such as roots, stems, barks, or leaves were prepared through a process involving drying, powdering, and maceration in an ethanol-water (7:3) solution. The extracts were subsequently freeze-dried and dissolved in DMSO for the bioassays. Cytotoxicity against the human hepatoma HepG2 cell line was assessed using the MTT assay, with extract concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 µg/mL and treatment durations of 24 and 48 h. The total phenolic content of the nine extracts varied from 96.7 to 167.6 mg GAE/g DT. Among them, eight hydroethanolic extracts from Jatropha gossypiifolia L., Piper peltatum L., Malachra alceifolia, Verbesina turbacensis, Ricinus communis, Desmodium incanum, and Dolichandra unguis-cati showed low toxicity (IC50 > 500 µg/mL, 24 h) against HepG2 cells. On the other hand, the extracts of Aristolochia odoratissima L. (IC50 = 95.7 µg/mL) and Picramnia latifolia (IC50 = 128.9 µg/mL) demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity against the HepG2 cell line, displaying a modest selectivity index when compared to the HEKn cell line after 48 h of treatment. These findings suggest that medicinal plants from San Basilio de Palenque, particularly Picramnia latifolia and Aristolochia odoratissima, have potential activity against cancer cells, highlighting their potential for further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Caballero-Gallardo
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
- Functional Toxicology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | - Neda Alvarez-Ortega
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
- Functional Toxicology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130014, Colombia
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Shkryl YN, Tchernoded GK, Yugay YA, Grigorchuk VP, Sorokina MR, Gorpenchenko TY, Kudinova OD, Degtyarenko AI, Onishchenko MS, Shved NA, Kumeiko VV, Bulgakov VP. Enhanced Production of Nitrogenated Metabolites with Anticancer Potential in Aristolochia manshuriensis Hairy Root Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11240. [PMID: 37511000 PMCID: PMC10379662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aristolochia manshuriensis is a relic liana, which is widely used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine and is endemic to the Manchurian floristic region. Since this plant is rare and slow-growing, alternative sources of its valuable compounds could be explored. Herein, we established hairy root cultures of A. manshuriensis transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes root oncogenic loci (rol)B and rolC genes. The accumulation of nitrogenous secondary metabolites significantly improved in transgenic cell cultures. Specifically, the production of magnoflorine reached up to 5.72 mg/g of dry weight, which is 5.8 times higher than the control calli and 1.7 times higher than in wild-growing liana. Simultaneously, the amounts of aristolochic acids I and II, responsible for the toxicity of Aristolochia species, decreased by more than 10 fold. Consequently, the hairy root extracts demonstrated pronounced cytotoxicity against human glioblastoma cells (U-87 MG), cervical cancer cells (HeLa CCL-2), and colon carcinoma (RKO) cells. However, they did not exhibit significant activity against triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Our findings suggest that hairy root cultures of A. manshuriensis could be considered for the rational production of valuable A. manshuriensis compounds by the modification of secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury N Shkryl
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Galina K Tchernoded
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yulia A Yugay
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valeria P Grigorchuk
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Maria R Sorokina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatiana Y Gorpenchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Olesya D Kudinova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anton I Degtyarenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Maria S Onishchenko
- Department of Medical Biology and Biotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Nikita A Shved
- Department of Medical Biology and Biotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vadim V Kumeiko
- Department of Medical Biology and Biotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Victor P Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
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de Araújo FHS, Nogueira CR, Trichez VDK, da Rosa Guterres Z, da Silva Pinto L, Velter SQ, Mantovani Ferreira GA, Machado MB, de Oliveira Gomes Neves K, Vieira MDC, Lima Cardoso CA, Heredia-Vieira SC, de Oliveira KMP, Piva RC, Oesterreich SA. Anti-hyperglycemic potential and chemical constituents of Aristolochia triangularis Cham. leaves - A medicinal species native to Brazilian forests. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115991. [PMID: 36470307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aristolochia triangularis Cham. has been used in Brazilian traditional medicine for various therapeutic purposes, including as a leaf-based infusion for diabetes management. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to chemically characterize an infusion of in natura A. triangularis leaves and evaluate the in vivo anti-hyperglycemic properties of this infusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical composition was examined using liquid-liquid extraction procedure, chromatographic methods, NMR, and LC-MS/MS. The in vivo anti-hyperglycemic activity of the freeze-dried infusion of A. triangularis leaves (Inf-L-At) was assessed using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Initially, normoglycemic male rats were pre-treated with orally administered Inf-L-At at doses of 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg for two consecutive days. On the day of the OGTT, fasting animals received a glucose load (4 g/kg) 30 min after treatment with Inf-L-At, and the blood glucose levels were verified at 15, 30, 60, and 180 min. Intestinal maltase, lactase, and sucrase activities and muscle and liver glycogen contents were also assessed after the OGTT. RESULTS Inf-L-At extract led to glycemic reduction with no dose-response at 15, 30, and 60 min comparable to that of the antidiabetic drug glibenclamide and was accompanied by an increase in hepatic and muscle glycogen contents. Additionally, there was a significant statistically decrease in the in vitro activity of disaccharidases. Maltase and sucrase activities were inhibited at all doses, whereas lactase activity was inhibited only at 62.5 and 250 mg/kg. In total, 75 compounds were found in the infusion, including seven new ones, (7S*,8S*,7ꞌS*,8ꞌR*)-4,4ꞌ-dihydroxy-3,3ꞌ-dimethoxy-7,9ꞌ-epoxylignan-7ꞌ-ol; 4ꞌ-hydroxy-3ꞌ-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-7,9ꞌ-epoxylignan-9,7ꞌ-diol; triangularisines A, B, and C; N-ethyl-N-methyl-affineine; and N-methyl pachyconfine, and one previously not described as a natural product, epi-secoisolariciresinol monomethyl ether. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated the anti-hyperglycemic activity of the infusion from A. triangularis leaves and showed that it is a rich source of lignoids, alkaloids, and glycosylated flavonoids, which are known to exhibit antidiabetic effects and other biological properties that can be beneficial for patients with chronic hyperglycemia, thus certifying the popular use of this herbal drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Henrique Souza de Araújo
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FCS), Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, s/n, Dourados, MS, 79.804-970, Brazil.
| | - Cláudio Rodrigo Nogueira
- Grupo Especializado em Substâncias Secundárias e em Bioconversão por Lepidópteros (GESSBIL), Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia (FACET), Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, s/n, Dourados, MS, 79.804-970, Brazil.
| | - Virginia Demarchi Kappel Trichez
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FCS), Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, s/n, Dourados, MS, 79.804-970, Brazil.
| | - Zaira da Rosa Guterres
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - UEMS, Unidade Universitária de Mundo Novo, BR 163, km 202, s/n, Mundo Novo, MS, 79.980-000, Brazil.
| | - Luciano da Silva Pinto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCAR, Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13.565-905, Brazil.
| | - Suzana Queiroz Velter
- Grupo Especializado em Substâncias Secundárias e em Bioconversão por Lepidópteros (GESSBIL), Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia (FACET), Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, s/n, Dourados, MS, 79.804-970, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Antonio Mantovani Ferreira
- Grupo Especializado em Substâncias Secundárias e em Bioconversão por Lepidópteros (GESSBIL), Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia (FACET), Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, s/n, Dourados, MS, 79.804-970, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Batista Machado
- Laboratório de RMN, Central Analítica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus - UFAM, Av. Gal. Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 1200, Coroado I, Amazonas, AM, 69.067-005, Brazil.
| | - Kidney de Oliveira Gomes Neves
- Laboratório de RMN, Central Analítica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus - UFAM, Av. Gal. Rodrigo Octávio Jordão Ramos, 1200, Coroado I, Amazonas, AM, 69.067-005, Brazil.
| | - Maria do Carmo Vieira
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias (FCA), Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, s/n, Dourados, MS, 79.804-970, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais (CERNA), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - UEMS, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, s/n, Dourados, MS, 79.804-970, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Cristina Heredia-Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Regional, Universidade Anhanguera-Uniderp, Av. Alexandre Herculano, 1400, Taquaral Bosque, Campo Grande, MS, 79.035-470, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Mari Pires de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais (FCBA), Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, s/n, Dourados, MS, 79.804-970, Brazil.
| | - Raul Cremonize Piva
- Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais (CERNA), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - UEMS, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, s/n, Dourados, MS, 79.804-970, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Aparecida Oesterreich
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FCS), Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, s/n, Dourados, MS, 79.804-970, Brazil.
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Liu W, Shao F, You X, Cao Y, Xi J, Wu J, Wan J, Zhang X, Fei J, Luan Y. Non-carcinogenic/non-nephrotoxic aristolochic acid IVa exhibited anti-inflammatory activities in mice. J Nat Med 2023; 77:251-261. [PMID: 36525161 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA)-containing herbs have been prescribed for thousands of years as anti-inflammatory drugs, despite the active pharmaceutical ingredients remaining unclear. However, exposure to AAI and AAII has been proven to be a significant risk factor for severe nephropathy and carcinogenicity. AAIVa, an analogue abundant in AA-containing herbs, showed neither carcinogenicity nor nephrotoxicity in our study and other reports, implying that the pharmacological effects of AAIVa on inflammation are worth studying. Herein, we employed RAW 264.7 cells, the ear edema mouse model, and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systematic inflammation model in TNF-IRES-Luc mice (tracking TNFα luciferase activities in real-time) to evaluate the anti-inframammary effect of AAIVa. Our results showed that AAIVa could decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-6) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, indicating its anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. Furthermore, the application of AAIVa (400 and 600 μg/ear) could significantly inhibit phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced ear edema, suggesting its topical anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. Moreover, LPS-stimulated TNF-IRES-Luc mice were used to investigate the onset and duration of AAIVa on systematic inflammation. A single dosage of AAIVa (100 mg/kg, i.g.) could suppress LPS-triggered inflammation, by decreasing luciferase activities of TNFα at 3 h in TNF-IRES-Luc mice. In addition, the online pharmacological databases predicted that AAIVa might target the regulation of T cell activation-related protein (ADA, ADORA2A, ERBB2) to exhibit anti-inflammatory effect. In conclusion, we demonstrated that AAIVa had anti-inflammatory effect for the first time; our findings are constructive for further studies on pharmacological mechanism of AAIVa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Liu
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fangyang Shao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, SRCMO/SMOC, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xinyue You
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yiyi Cao
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Xi
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jingjing Wan
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jian Fei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, SRCMO/SMOC, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yang Luan
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Das S, Thakur S, Korenjak M, Sidorenko VS, Chung FFL, Zavadil J. Aristolochic acid-associated cancers: a public health risk in need of global action. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:576-591. [PMID: 35854147 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aristolochic acids (AAs) are a group of naturally occurring compounds present in many plant species of the Aristolochiaceae family. Exposure to AA is a significant risk factor for severe nephropathy, and urological and hepatobiliary cancers (among others) that are often recurrent and characterized by the prominent mutational fingerprint of AA. However, herbal medicinal products that contain AA continue to be manufactured and marketed worldwide with inadequate regulation, and possible environmental exposure routes receive little attention. As the trade of food and dietary supplements becomes increasingly globalized, we propose that further inaction on curtailing AA exposure will have far-reaching negative effects on the disease trends of AA-associated cancers. Our Review aims to systematically present the historical and current evidence for the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of AA, and the effect of removing sources of AA exposure on cancer incidence trends. We discuss the persisting challenges of assessing the scale of AA-related carcinogenicity, and the obstacles that must be overcome in curbing AA exposure and preventing associated cancers. Overall, this Review aims to strengthen the case for the implementation of prevention measures against AA's multifaceted, detrimental and potentially fully preventable effects on human cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Das
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Shefali Thakur
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer WHO, Lyon, France
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Korenjak
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Viktoriya S Sidorenko
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer WHO, Lyon, France.
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.
| | - Jiri Zavadil
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer WHO, Lyon, France.
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Thongkhao K, Tungphatthong C, Sukrong S. A PCR-lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (PCR-LFA) for detecting Aristolochia species, the plants responsible for aristolochic acid nephropathy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12188. [PMID: 35842504 PMCID: PMC9288547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acids (AAs), which are strong carcinogens, have caused dietary supplements with Aristolochia plants to be discontinued worldwide. Therefore, the development of a method to identify these herbs is critical for customer safety. To support the regulation of Aristolochia-free products, a PCR coupled with lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (PCR-LFA) that is specific to the nucleotide signature in plastid rbcL gene region of Aristolochia species was developed to detect Aristolochia plants and related herbal products. Triplex primers (A397F, C357F and R502) were designed based on specific nucleotides observed exclusively in the rbcL sequences of Aristolochia. Positive results for Aristolochia occur when the three pink lines are clearly developed on the developed lateral flow strip and can be seen by the naked eye. In this study, the lateral flow strip has sensitivity for detecting amplicons amplified from genomic DNA at the concentrations as low as 0.01 ng. Various kinds of samples, including purchased crude drugs and polyherbal samples, have been investigated, and the results showed that Aristolochia crude drugs and Aristolochia-containing products are still present in dispensaries. In conclusion, with the goal of protecting consumers from the health risks associated with Aristolochia contamination, PCR-LFA was developed and demonstrated to be efficient for detecting plants belonging to Aristolochia in various kinds of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannika Thongkhao
- Center of Excellence in DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chayapol Tungphatthong
- Center of Excellence in DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Suchada Sukrong
- Center of Excellence in DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Lerma-Herrera MA, Beiza-Granados L, Ochoa-Zarzosa A, López-Meza JE, Navarro-Santos P, Herrera-Bucio R, Aviña-Verduzco J, García-Gutiérrez HA. Biological Activities of Organic Extracts of the Genus Aristolochia: A Review from 2005 to 2021. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123937. [PMID: 35745061 PMCID: PMC9230106 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Different ethnomedicinal studies have investigated the relationship between various phytochemicals as well as organic extracts and their bioactive aspects. Studies on biological effects are attributed to secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenolic compounds, and terpenes. Since there have been no reviews in the literature on the traditional, phytochemical, and ethnomedicinal uses of the genus Aristolochia so far, this article systematically reviews 141 published studies that analyze the associations between secondary metabolites present in organic extracts and their beneficial effects. Most studies found associations between individual secondary metabolites and beneficial effects such as anticancer activity, antibacterial, antioxidant activity, snake anti-venom and anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this review was to analyze studies carried out in the period 2005-2021 to update the existing knowledge on different species of the genus Aristolochia for ethnomedicinal uses, as well as pharmacological aspects and therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín A. Lerma-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico; (L.B.-G.); (R.H.-B.); (J.A.-V.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.L.-H.); (H.A.G.-G.)
| | - Lidia Beiza-Granados
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico; (L.B.-G.); (R.H.-B.); (J.A.-V.)
| | - Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro 58893, Michoacán, Mexico; (A.O.-Z.); (J.E.L.-M.)
| | - Joel E. López-Meza
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro 58893, Michoacán, Mexico; (A.O.-Z.); (J.E.L.-M.)
| | - Pedro Navarro-Santos
- CONACYT—Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-1, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico;
| | - Rafael Herrera-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico; (L.B.-G.); (R.H.-B.); (J.A.-V.)
| | - Judit Aviña-Verduzco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico; (L.B.-G.); (R.H.-B.); (J.A.-V.)
| | - Hugo A. García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico; (L.B.-G.); (R.H.-B.); (J.A.-V.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.L.-H.); (H.A.G.-G.)
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9
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Lerma-Herrera MA, Beiza-Granados L, Ochoa-Zarzosa A, López-Meza JE, Hernández-Hernández JD, Aviña-Verduzco J, García-Gutiérrez HA. In vitro cytotoxic potential of extracts from Aristolochia foetida Kunth against MCF-7 and bMECs cell lines. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7082-7089. [PMID: 34867010 PMCID: PMC8626259 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of Aristolochia foetida Kunth. Stems and leaves of A. foetida Kunth (Aristolochiaceae) have never been investigated pharmacologically. Recent studies of species of the Aristolochiaceae family found significant cytotoxic activities. Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were analyzed by 1H NMR and GC-MS to know the metabolites in each extract. In GC-MS analysis, the main compounds were methyl hexadecanoate (3); hexadecanoic acid (4); 2-butoxyethyl dodecanoate (9); ethyl hexadecanoate (20); methyl octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate (28) and (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid (40). The results showed a significant reduction in cell viability of the MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell line caused by organic extracts in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity activity of the dichloromethane extract from the stems (DSE) showed IC50 values of 45.9 μg/mL and the dichloromethane extract of the leaves (DLE) showed IC50 values of 47.3 μg/mL. DSE and DLE had the highest cytotoxic potential in an in vitro study against the MCF-7 cell line and non-tumor cells obtained from the bovine mammary epithelial (bMECs). DSE and DLE induced a loss in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and can cause cell death by apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway in the MCF-7 cell line. DSE and DLE are cytotoxic in cancer cells and cause late apoptosis. Higher concentrations of DSE and DLE are required to induce a cytotoxic effect in healthy mammary epithelial cells. This is the first report of the dichloromethane extract of A. foetida Kunth that induces late apoptosis in MCF-7 cancer cells and may be a candidate for pharmacological study against breast cancer.
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Key Words
- 7AAD, 7-Aminoactinomycin D
- ANOVA, Analysis of variance
- Act-D, Actinomycin D
- Apoptosis
- Aristolochia foetida
- Cytotoxicity
- DEL, Dichloromethane extract from leaves
- DMEM, Medium/nutrient mixture F-12 Ham
- DSE, Dichloromethane extract from stems
- EtOH, Ethanol
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- Flow cytometry
- GC–MS, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- HLE, Hexane extract from leaves
- HSE, Hexane extract from stems
- IM, Incomplete medium
- JC-1, 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbocyanineiodide
- MCF-7 breast cancer cell
- Medicinal plants
- NMR, Nuclear magnetic resonance
- Organic extract
- SE, Standard error
- TMS, Tetramethylsilane
- bMECs, Bovine mammary epithelial cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín A. Lerma-Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico
| | - Lidia Beiza-Granados
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro, Michoacán 58893, Mexico
| | - Joel E. López-Meza
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro, Michoacán 58893, Mexico
| | - Juan D. Hernández-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico
| | - Judit Aviña-Verduzco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico
| | - Hugo A. García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico
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Bárta F, Dedíková A, Bebová M, Dušková Š, Mráz J, Schmeiser HH, Arlt VM, Hodek P, Stiborová M. Co-Exposure to Aristolochic Acids I and II Increases DNA Adduct Formation Responsible for Aristolochic Acid I-Mediated Carcinogenicity in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910479. [PMID: 34638820 PMCID: PMC8509051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant extract aristolochic acid (AA), containing aristolochic acids I (AAI) and II (AAII) as major components, causes aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) and Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), unique renal diseases associated with upper urothelial cancer. Recently (Chemical Research in Toxicology 33(11), 2804–2818, 2020), we showed that the in vivo metabolism of AAI and AAII in Wistar rats is influenced by their co-exposure (i.e., AAI/AAII mixture). Using the same rat model, we investigated how exposure to the AAI/AAII mixture can influence AAI and AAII DNA adduct formation (i.e., AA-mediated genotoxicity). Using 32P-postlabelling, we found that AA-DNA adduct formation was increased in the livers and kidneys of rats treated with AAI/AAII mixture compared to rats treated with AAI or AAII alone. Measuring the activity of enzymes involved in AA metabolism, we showed that enhanced AA-DNA adduct formation might be caused partially by both decreased AAI detoxification as a result of hepatic CYP2C11 inhibition during treatment with AAI/AAII mixture and by hepatic or renal NQO1 induction, the key enzyme predominantly activating AA to DNA adducts. Moreover, our results indicate that AAII might act as an inhibitor of AAI detoxification in vivo. Consequently, higher amounts of AAI might remain in liver and kidney tissues, which can be reductively activated, resulting in enhanced AAI DNA adduct formation. Collectively, these results indicate that AAII present in the plant extract AA enhances the genotoxic properties of AAI (i.e., AAI DNA adduct formation). As patients suffering from AAN and BEN are always exposed to the plant extract (i.e., AAI/AAII mixture), our findings are crucial to better understanding host factors critical for AAN- and BEN-associated urothelial malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Bárta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (F.B.); (A.D.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Alena Dedíková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (F.B.); (A.D.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Michaela Bebová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (F.B.); (A.D.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Šárka Dušková
- Centre of Occupational Health, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, 100 42 Prague 10, Czech Republic; (Š.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Jaroslav Mráz
- Centre of Occupational Health, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, 100 42 Prague 10, Czech Republic; (Š.D.); (J.M.)
| | - Heinz H. Schmeiser
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Volker M. Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences Division, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Toxicology Department, GAB Consulting GmbH, Heinrich-Fuchs-Str. 96, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-432018-0
| | - Petr Hodek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (F.B.); (A.D.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (F.B.); (A.D.); (M.B.); (P.H.); (M.S.)
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11
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Qin L, Hu Y, Wang J, Wang X, Zhao R, Shan H, Li K, Xu P, Wu H, Yan X, Liu L, Yi X, Wanke S, Bowers JE, Leebens-Mack JH, dePamphilis CW, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Kong H, Jiao Y. Insights into angiosperm evolution, floral development and chemical biosynthesis from the Aristolochia fimbriata genome. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1239-1253. [PMID: 34475528 PMCID: PMC8445822 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aristolochia, a genus in the magnoliid order Piperales, has been famous for centuries for its highly specialized flowers and wide medicinal applications. Here, we present a new, high-quality genome sequence of Aristolochia fimbriata, a species that, similar to Amborella trichopoda, lacks further whole-genome duplications since the origin of extant angiosperms. As such, the A. fimbriata genome is an excellent reference for inferences of angiosperm genome evolution, enabling detection of two novel whole-genome duplications in Piperales and dating of previously reported whole-genome duplications in other magnoliids. Genomic comparisons between A. fimbriata and other angiosperms facilitated the identification of ancient genomic rearrangements suggesting the placement of magnoliids as sister to monocots, whereas phylogenetic inferences based on sequence data we compiled yielded ambiguous relationships. By identifying associated homologues and investigating their evolutionary histories and expression patterns, we revealed highly conserved floral developmental genes and their distinct downstream regulatory network that may contribute to the complex flower morphology in A. fimbriata. Finally, we elucidated the genetic basis underlying the biosynthesis of terpenoids and aristolochic acids in A. fimbriata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lumei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Stefan Wanke
- Institute of Botany, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - John E Bowers
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Claude W dePamphilis
- Department of Biology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hongzhi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuannian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Aristolochic acid IVa forms DNA adducts in vitro but is non-genotoxic in vivo. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2839-2850. [PMID: 34223934 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Aristolochic acids (AAs) are a family of natural compounds with AA I and AA II being known carcinogens, whose bioactivation causes DNA adducts formation. However, other congeners have rarely been investigated. This study aimed to investigate genotoxicity of AA IVa, which differs from AA I by a hydroxyl group, abundant in Aristolochiaceae plants. AA IVa reacted with 2'-deoxyadenosine (dA) and 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) to form three dA and five dG adducts as identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry, among which two dA and three dG adducts were detected in reactions of AA IVa with calf thymus DNA (CT DNA). However, no DNA adducts were detected in the kidney, liver, and forestomach of orally dosed mice at 40 mg/kg/day for 2 days, and bone marrow micronucleus assay also yielded negative results. Pharmacokinetic analyses of metabolites in plasma indicated that AA IVa was mainly O-demethylated to produce a metabolite with two hydroxyl groups, probably facilitating its excretion. Meanwhile, no reduced metabolites were detected. The competitive reaction of AA I and AA IVa with CT DNA, with adducts levels varying with pH of reaction revealed that AA IVa was significantly less reactive than AA I, probably by hydroxyl deprotonation of AA IVa, which was explained by theoretical calculations for reaction barriers, energy levels of the molecular orbits, and charges at the reaction sites. In brief, although it could form DNA adducts in vitro, AA IVa was non-genotoxic in vivo, which was attributed to its low reactivity and biotransformation into an easily excreted metabolite rather than bioactivation.
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Heinrich M, Mah J, Amirkia V. Alkaloids Used as Medicines: Structural Phytochemistry Meets Biodiversity-An Update and Forward Look. Molecules 2021; 26:1836. [PMID: 33805869 PMCID: PMC8036335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selecting candidates for drug developments using computational design and empirical rules has resulted in a broad discussion about their success. In a previous study, we had shown that a species' abundance [as expressed by the GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility)] dataset is a core determinant for the development of a natural product into a medicine. Our overarching aim is to understand the unique requirements for natural product-based drug development. Web of Science was queried for research on alkaloids in combination with plant systematics/taxonomy. All alkaloids containing species demonstrated an average increase of 8.66 in GBIF occurrences between 2014 and 2020. Medicinal Species with alkaloids show higher abundance compared to non-medicinal alkaloids, often linked also to cultivation. Alkaloids with high biodiversity are often simple alkaloids found in multiple species with the presence of 'driver species' and are more likely to be included in early-stage drug development compared to 'rare' alkaloids. Similarly, the success of an alkaloid containing species as a food supplement ('botanical') is linked to its abundance. GBIF is a useful tool for assessing the druggability of a compound from a certain source species. The success of any development programme from natural sources must take sustainable sourcing into account right from the start.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heinrich
- Research Group ‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK; (J.M.); (V.A.)
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, and Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, No. 100, Section 1, Jingmao Road, Beitun District, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey Mah
- Research Group ‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK; (J.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Vafa Amirkia
- Research Group ‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29–39 Brunswick Sq., London WC1N 1AX, UK; (J.M.); (V.A.)
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14
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Nogueira CR, Silva JDAD, Vieira MDC, Cardoso CAL, Carvalho RAD, Amaral CST, Amaral AC. Cytotoxicity and the bioconversion strategy of Aristolochia spp. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000622019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Zhang M, Liu H, Han Y, Bai L, Yan H. On-line enrichment and determination of aristolochic acid in medicinal plants using a MOF-based composite monolith as adsorbent. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1159:122343. [PMID: 32905990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, modified UiO-66-NH2 and N-methylolacrylamide (NMA) were used as common monomers to prepare a metal organic framework (MOF)-based composite monolith through in-situ polymerization, which was used as a new adsorbent to purify and enrich aristolochic acid-I (AA-I) in medicinal plants. The MOF-based composite monolithic column was characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption ability of MOF-based composite monolith for AA-I was compared with that of the polymer monolith without MOF added. The results proved that the addition of UiO-66-NH2 can increase both the specific surface area and the permeability of the monolith. Moreover, the adsorption amount of AA-I on the monolith improved. This proposed on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) method showed good linear relationship in the range 0.044 ~ 400 μg/mL with r = 0.9994; the limit of detection (LOD) was 13.08 ng/mL and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 44.00 ng/mL; the intra-day and inter-day accuracies were less than 0.97%; the inter-column accuracies was less than 6.11%; the recovery was in the range of 91.11%~106.48%. The method was found to be easy, accurate and convenient for on-line enrichment and purification of AA-I in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yamei Han
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ligai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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16
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Ohta S, Oshimo S, Ohta E, Nehira T, Ômura H, Uy MM, Ishihara Y. Asaroidoxazines from the Roots of Asarum asaroides Induce Apoptosis in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3050-3057. [PMID: 32955260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants in the family Aristolochiaceae contain phenanthrene skeleton-containing chemical constituents that exhibit nephrotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects. Two new phenanthrene-containing 1,2-oxazin-6-ones, designated as asaroidoxazine A (1) and asaroidoxazine B (2), and a known aristolactam, 5-methoxyaristololactam I (3), were isolated from the roots of Asarum asaroides. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined using spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography. Treatment of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with 1 μM of asaroidoxazine A (1) induced nuclear condensation as well as caspase-3/7 activation, indicating that this compound is a strong apoptosis inducer in neuronal cells. This is the first report of apoptosis induction by phenanthrene-containing oxazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ohta
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Shiori Oshimo
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Emi Ohta
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nehira
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ômura
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Mylene M Uy
- Department of Chemistry, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines
| | - Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
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Dedı Ková A, Bárta F, Martínek V, Kotalík K, Dušková Š, Mráz J, Arlt VM, Stiborová M, Hodek P. In Vivo Metabolism of Aristolochic Acid I and II in Rats Is Influenced by Their Coexposure. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2804-2818. [PMID: 32894017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The plant extract aristolochic acid (AA), containing aristolochic acid I (AAI) and II (AAII) as major components, causes aristolochic acid nephropathy and Balkan endemic nephropathy, unique renal diseases associated with upper urothelial cancer. Differences in the metabolic activation and detoxification of AAI and AAII and their effects on the metabolism of AAI/AAII mixture in the plant extract might be of great importance for an individual's susceptibility in the development of AA-mediated nephropathies and malignancies. Here, we investigated in vivo metabolism of AAI and AAII after ip administration to Wistar rats as individual compounds and as AAI/AAII mixture using high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Experimental findings were supported by theoretical calculations using density functional theory. We found that exposure to AAI/AAII mixture affected the generation of their oxidative and reductive metabolites formed during Phase I biotransformation and excreted in rat urine. Several Phase II metabolites of AAI and AAII found in the urine of exposed rats were also analyzed. Our results indicate that AAI is more efficiently metabolized in rats in vivo than AAII. Whereas AAI is predominantly oxidized during in vivo metabolism, its reduction is the minor metabolic pathway. In contrast, AAII is mainly metabolized by reduction. The oxidative reaction only occurs if aristolactam II, the major reductive metabolite of AAII, is enzymatically hydroxylated, forming aristolactam Ia. In AAI/AAII mixture, the metabolism of AAI and AAII is influenced by the presence of both AAs. For instance, the reductive metabolism of AAI is increased in the presence of AAII while the presence of AAI decreased the reductive metabolism of AAII. These results suggest that increased bioactivation of AAI in the presence of AAII also leads to increased AAI genotoxicity, which may critically impact AAI-mediated carcinogenesis. Future studies are needed to explain the underlying mechanism(s) for this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Dedı Ková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 12840 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Bárta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 12840 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Martínek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 12840 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kevin Kotalík
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 12840 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Dušková
- Centre of Occupational Health, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, 100 42 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Mráz
- Centre of Occupational Health, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, 100 42 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Volker Manfred Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences Division, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 12840 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hodek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 12840 Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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Zhang M, Liu H, Han Y, Bai L, Yan H. A review on the pharmacological properties, toxicological characteristics, pathogenic mechanism and analytical methods of aristolochic acids. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1811344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yamei Han
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ligai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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19
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Upadhyay SP, Thapa P, Sharma R, Sharma M. 1-Isoindolinone scaffold-based natural products with a promising diverse bioactivity. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104722. [PMID: 32920034 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Isoindolin-1-one or 1-isoindolinone framework is referred to phthalimidines or benzo fused γ-lactams of the corresponding γ-amino carboxylic acids and has been of prime interest for scientists for last several decades. 1-Isoindolinone framework is found in a wide range of naturally occurring compounds with diverse biological activities and therapeutic potential for various chronic diseases. Recent developments in synthetic methods for their procurement have opened a new era of 1-isoindolinone chemistry. This review aims to provide an alphabetical quick reference guide to only 1-isoindolinone based natural products and its variable fused, oxidized and reduced state skeleton with information for advanced chemotaxonomic analyses, cellular targets/pathways and diverse biological activities and future use for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil P Upadhyay
- Drug Discovery Program, KCVA Medical Center, Midwest Veterans' Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, United States.
| | - Pritam Thapa
- Drug Discovery Program, KCVA Medical Center, Midwest Veterans' Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, United States
| | - Ram Sharma
- Drug Discovery Program, KCVA Medical Center, Midwest Veterans' Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, United States
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Drug Discovery Program, KCVA Medical Center, Midwest Veterans' Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, United States
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20
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Boot A, Jiang N, Rozen SG. Toward clinical understanding of aristolochic acid upper-tract urothelial carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:5578-5580. [PMID: 32373232 PMCID: PMC7196294 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A cluster of patients poisoned by herbal medicine in the 1990s revealed that aristolochic acid (AA) causes kidney failure and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Recent research demonstrated that this was not an isolated incident; on the contrary, AA exposure is widespread in East Asia. This editorial highlights research by Lu and colleagues that investigates clinical characteristics of AA and non-AA UTUCs from 90 patients in Beijing based on the AA mutational signature. The study also detected AA mutations in non-tumor tissue of AA exposed patients and showed that AA mutations can be detected in urine, which might form the basis for non-invasive tests for AA exposure.
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21
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Tung KK, Chan CK, Zhao Y, Chan KKJ, Liu G, Pavlović NM, Chan W. Occurrence and Environmental Stability of Aristolochic Acids in Groundwater Collected from Serbia: Links to Human Exposure and Balkan Endemic Nephropathy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:1554-1561. [PMID: 31884786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aristolochic acids (AAs) have been known as potent nephrotoxins since the use of AA-containing herbal medicines was linked with a series of sporadic renal fibrotic nephropathy cases, and yet an estimated 100 million people worldwide are still at risk today because of continued use of similar medicines. However, a similar nephropathic condition is endemic in the rural Balkan regions (e.g., Serbian farming villages) and AAs were again found to be the causative agents. In the case of this Balkan endemic nephropathy, AAs were found to have originated from a widespread local weed Aristolochia clematitis L. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that AAs released from decomposition of A. clematitis were also being leached into groundwater, thus polluting the drinking water of local residents. We initiated the study by developing a dispersive solid-phase extraction-based sample preparation method for water samples suspected of AA contamination. The validated method was then coupled with a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method to measure AAs in groundwater samples collected from Serbia. Our study revealed for the first time that groundwater in Serbia is extensively contaminated with AA-I, at ng/L levels. Results also showed that AAs are long-lived water contaminants, with no observable concentration changes over a 2-month period of sample storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085 , China
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22
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Fan Y, Li Z, Xi J. Recent developments in detoxication techniques for aristolochic acid-containing traditional Chinese medicines. RSC Adv 2020; 10:1410-1425. [PMID: 35494720 PMCID: PMC9048270 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08327h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acids (AAs) have attracted significant attention because they have been proven to be the culprits in the mass incidents of AA nephropathy that occurred in Belgium in 1993. From then on, the door to sales of medicines containing AAs has been closed. As aristolochic acid (AA)-containing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a potent therapeutic effect on some diseases, research into detoxication techniques for AA-containing traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) should be considered to be absolutely essential. Therefore, in this paper, the use of AA-containing TCMs has been investigated and detoxication techniques, such as, processing (Paozhi, Chinese name), compatibility (Peiwu, Chinese name), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), have been reviewed in detail. A large number of relevant studies have been reviewed and it was found that processing with honey or alkaline salts is the most widely used method in practical production. As the AAs are a group of weak acids, relatively speaking, processing with alkaline salts can achieve a high rate of reduction of the AAs. Meanwhile, it is necessary to consider the compatibility of AA-containing TCMs and other herbal medicines. In addition, PLE and SFE can also achieve an excellent reducing rate for AAs in a much shorter processing time. Therefore, the promotion of alkaline salt processing technology should be strengthened in the future. At the same time, some advanced modern extraction technologies also have good potential and should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China +86 28 85405209 +86 28 85405209
| | - Zongming Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China +86 28 85405209 +86 28 85405209
| | - Jun Xi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China +86 28 85405209 +86 28 85405209
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23
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Metabolomic Changes of Human Proximal Tubular Cell Line in High Glucose Environment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16617. [PMID: 31719648 PMCID: PMC6851361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia causes mitochondrial damage renal tubular cells, which contribute to the progression of diabetic kidney disease. However, the metabolic aberration of renal tubular cells in an hyperglycemic milieu has not been fully elucidated. In this study, human proximal renal tubular cell line (HK-2 cell) are incubated in glucose and mannitol at 5 mM or 25 mM. Cellular metabolome was determined by capillary electrophoresis time of flight mass spectrometer (CE-TOF/MS) and capillary electrophoresis-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (CE-QqQMS). A total of 116 metabolites were quantified. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed excellent clustering of metabolomic changes for different treatment conditions, and exposure to glucose at 5 and 25 mM lead to distinct metabolomic profiles as compared to samples treated with serum-free medium or mannitol as osmotic control. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed a number of characteristic changes in metabolic profile following exposure to 5 mM or 25 mM glucose. Notably, lactate-to-pyruvate ratio was significantly increased, while cellular levels of citric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid (i.e. 2-oxoglutaric acid), and fumaric acid were significantly reduced after exposure to glucose at 25 mM but not 5 mM. Moreover, cellular levels of reduced glutathione and total glutathione were significantly decreased, and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) ratio was significantly increased after exposure to glucose 25 mM but not 5 mM. We conclude that in response to high glucose, HK-2 cells characteristic metabolomic changes, including increase in lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, reduction in Krebs cycle metabolites, reduction in glutathione antioxidant activity, and increase in cellular methylation potential. Our results may shed light on the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, but the expression of glucose metabolism-related protein and enzyme activity in HK-2 cells after hyperglycemia condition need to be confirmed by further studies.
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24
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Riffault-Valois L, Wattez C, Langrand J, Boucaud-Maitre D, Gaslonde T, Colas C, Nossin E, Blateau A, Michel S, Cachet X. Health risk associated with the oral consumption of "Chiniy-tref", a traditional medicinal preparation used in Martinique (French West Indies): Qualitative and quantitative analyses of aristolochic acids contained therein. Toxicon 2019; 172:53-60. [PMID: 31704310 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.10.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
"Chiniy-tref" (CT) is a traditional preparation used in folk medicine in Martinique Island (French West Indies) that is nowadays mainly taken orally to prevent or act against any "manifestation of evil". CT is easily prepared at home by macerating larvae of the endemic swallowtail Battus polydamas (ssp.) cebriones (Dalman, 1823), sometimes accompanied by a leaf of its host-plant Aristolochia trilobata L., in commercial rum. We have previously reported the detection of nephrotoxic and carcinogenic aristolochic acids (AAs) I and II in CT, leading the Regional Health Agency (ARS) of Martinique to issue an alert regarding the potential risks associated with its consumption in 2015. In order to complete the toxicity risk assessment for oral consumption of CT, a full qualitative analysis of AAs and their analogues (AAAs) was performed, as well as a quantitative determination of the major AAs, namely AAs I and II. The phytochemical profiling of AAAs present in CT, that also corresponds to that of B. polydamas cebriones larvae feeding on A. trilobata, has been established for the first time by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. AAs I and II were quantified in a small panel of tinctures by using a validated UHPLC/UV method, allowing us to estimate the probable daily intakes of these toxins by CT consumers. The results proved the existence of a real risk of renal toxicity and carcinogenicity associated with the chronic oral consumption of CT in Martinique, and more generally of similar "snake bottles" throughout the Caribbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Riffault-Valois
- UMR 8038 CiTCoM CNRS, Faculté de pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Camille Wattez
- UMR 8038 CiTCoM CNRS, Faculté de pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Jérôme Langrand
- Centre Antipoison de Paris, AP-HP Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Denis Boucaud-Maitre
- Dispositif de Toxicovigilance Antilles, Centre Hospitalier de la Basse-Terre, Basse-Terre, F-97100, France; Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, F-97110, France
| | - Thomas Gaslonde
- UMR 8038 CiTCoM CNRS, Faculté de pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Cyril Colas
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, ICOA UMR 7311 CNRS Université d'Orléans, Orléans, F-45071, France; Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CBM UPR 4301 CNRS, Orléans, F-45071, France
| | - Emmanuel Nossin
- Pharmacie Préchotaine, Le Prêcheur, F-97250, Martinique, France
| | - Alain Blateau
- Agence régionale de santé de Martinique, Fort de France, F-97200, Martinique, France
| | - Sylvie Michel
- UMR 8038 CiTCoM CNRS, Faculté de pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Xavier Cachet
- UMR 8038 CiTCoM CNRS, Faculté de pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France.
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25
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Farhadi F, Asili J, Iranshahy M, Iranshahi M. NMR-based metabolomic study of asafoetida. Fitoterapia 2019; 139:104361. [PMID: 31629871 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Asafoetida, an oleo-gum-resin obtained from the exudates of Ferula assa-foetida L. roots, is traditionally used to treat various diseases including asthma, gastrointestinal disorders, and intestinal parasites. On the basis of Iranian traditional medicine, the main source of asafetida is F. assa-foetida roots. In folk medicine, however, different Ferula species have been used as sources of asafoetida. To identify the original asafoetida that possesses medicinal properties, we should compare metabolic profiles of different asafoetida sources which are commonly used for the oleo-gum-resin preparation.1H-NMR based metabolomics was used to obtain metabolic profiles of eight asafoetida oleo-gum-resin samples and forty-six samples of Ferula species roots from two main regions of Iran. The acquired data were analyzed using multivariate principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to identify the metabolic differences and similarities between the samples. Asafoetida is usually produced from Ferula species of southern and eastern regions of Iran. A clear metabolic differentiation was evident between asafoetida oleo-gum- resin samples from the southern and those of the eastern Iran. The distinguished metabolites, umbelliprenin, farnesiferol B, farnesiferol C, samarcandin and galbanic acid are significantly found in southern samples. Only southern asafoetida is obtained from F. assa-foetida. Asafoetida from eastern region of Iran is obtained from other species of Ferula such as F. alliacea and its metabolic profile is far different from that of southern asafoetida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faegheh Farhadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Asili
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Iranshahy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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26
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Han J, Xian Z, Zhang Y, Liu J, Liang A. Systematic Overview of Aristolochic Acids: Nephrotoxicity, Carcinogenicity, and Underlying Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:648. [PMID: 31244661 PMCID: PMC6580798 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acids (AAs) are a group of toxins commonly present in the plants of genus Aristolochia and Asarum, which are spread all over the world. Since the 1990s, AA-induced nephropathy (AAN) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) have been reported in many countries. The underlying mechanisms of AAN and AA-induced UTUC have been extensively investigated. AA-derived DNA adducts are recognized as specific biomarkers of AA exposure, and a mutational signature predominantly characterized by A→T transversions has been detected in AA-induced UTUC tumor tissues. In addition, various enzymes and organic anion transporters are involved in AA-induced adverse reactions. The progressive lesions and mutational events initiated by AAs are irreversible, and no effective therapeutic regimen for AAN and AA-induced UTUC has been established until now. Because of several warnings on the toxic effects of AAs by the US Food and Drug Administration and the regulatory authorities of some other countries, the sale and use of AA-containing products have been banned or restricted in most countries. However, AA-related adverse events still occur, especially in the Asian and Balkan regions. Therefore, the use of AA-containing herbal remedies and the consumption of food contaminated by AAs still carry high risk. More strict precautions should be taken to protect the public from AA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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27
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Sathasivampillai SV, Rajamanoharan PRS, Heinrich M. Siddha Medicine in Eastern Sri Lanka Today-Continuity and Change in the Treatment of Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1022. [PMID: 30364250 PMCID: PMC6192459 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is affecting the social and economic developments in developing countries like Sri Lanka. Siddha Medicine (Tamil Medicine) is mostly practiced in the Eastern and Northern Provinces of Sri Lanka. Our recent review of Sri Lankan Siddha historical documents identified 171 plant species used to prepare anti-diabetic preparations. On the other hand, there is no study of plants currently used to treat diabetes in Sri Lankan Siddha Medicine. Hence, the aim of this study is to identify and document the plant species currently used in anti-diabetic preparations in Eastern Province, also enabling a comparative analysis with historical uses. Further, assessing the level of scientific evidence (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies) available for recorded species. A systematically prepared questionnaire was used to conduct an ethnobotanical survey with 27 Siddha healers residing in Eastern Province to identify the currently used anti-diabetic plants. Furthermore, Web of Science electronic database was used to assess the level of scientific evidence available excluding widespread and very well studied species. On average 325 diabetic patients were seen by 27 healers per week. Interestingly, inorganic substances, and animal parts used as ingredients in historical anti-diabetic preparations are currently not used in Eastern Province. A total of 88 plant species from 46 families were reported in this study. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels was the most frequently recorded species and the largest number of taxa are from Fabaceae. Remarkably, one third of reported species were not stated in Sri Lankan Siddha historical documents. The highest number of plant species (59%) have been studied up to an in vivo level followed by no scientific evidence for anti-diabetic activity found (27%), clinical evidence (10%), and in vitro (2%). This is the first ethnobotanical study of plants used to treat diabetes by Siddha healers in the Eastern Province in Sri Lanka. Moreover, awareness should be created to the diabetics about the side effects of herb-drug interactions and complications caused by taking both herbal preparations and biomedical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Heinrich
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Qin Z, Jia C, Liao D, Chen X, Li X. Comparison of Serum Metabolite Changes of Radiated Mice Administered with Panax quinquefolium from Different Cultivation Regions Using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS Based Metabolomic Approach. Molecules 2018; 23:E1014. [PMID: 29701672 PMCID: PMC6102546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemometric analysis of bioactive compounds revealed that American ginsengs (AGs) from different cultivation regions of China had a difference in quality, which indicates their possible pharmacological difference. A UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based untargeted metabolomic approach was used to uncover serum metabolite changes in radiated mice pre-administered with AG root decoctions from seven cultivation regions and to further assess their quality difference. OPLS-DA revealed that 51 metabolites (ESI−) and 110 (ESI⁺) were differentially expressed in sera between the control and the radiated model mice. Heatmap analysis further revealed that AG could not reverse most of these radiation-altered metabolites, which indicates dietary supplement of AG before cobalt radiation had the weak potential to mediate serum metabolites that were altered by the sub-lethal high dose radiation. In addition, 83 (ESI−) and 244 (ESI⁺) AG altered metabolites were detected in radiated mice under radiation exposure. Both OPLS-DA on serum metabolomes and heatmap analysis on discriminant metabolites showed that AGs from different cultivation regions differentially influenced metabolic alterations in radiated mice, which indicates AGs from different cultivation regions showed the pharmacological difference in modulation of metabolite changes. AGs from Shandong, Shanxi, and Beijing provinces had more similar pharmacological effects than AGs from USA, Canada, Jilin, and Heilongjiang. Finally, 28 important potential biomarkers were annotated and assigned onto three metabolic pathways including lipid, amino acid, and energy metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxian Qin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chan Jia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Dengqun Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xian'en Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Recent advances on HPLC/MS in medicinal plant analysis—An update covering 2011–2016. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:211-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rios MY, Navarro V, Ramírez-Cisneros MÁ, Salazar-Rios E. Sulfur-Containing Aristoloxazines and Other Constituents of the Roots of Aristolochia orbicularis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:3112-3119. [PMID: 29210585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Six new compounds, aristoloxazine A (1), aristoloxazine B (2), 7-methoxytaliscanine (3), humul-7-en-1,4,11-triol (4), 8-hydroxy-β-logipinene (5), and 1β-hydroxy-4(14)-eudesmene (6), corresponding to two sulfur-containing aristoloxazines (1 and 2), an aristolactam (3), and three sesquiterpenes (4-6) were isolated, along with 26 known compounds, from the roots of Aristolochia orbicularis. The structures of the new compounds were established based on their spectroscopic and spectrometric data and in the case of aristoloxazine A (1) by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. This is the first report of sulfur-containing aristoloxazines from a natural source. Furthermore, aristoloxazine A (1) was found to possess potent in vitro antimicrobial activity against all resistant Staphylococcus aureus and several fungal strains in which it was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Yolanda Rios
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos , Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, México
| | - Víctor Navarro
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (IMSS) , Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, México
| | - M Ángeles Ramírez-Cisneros
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos , Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, México
| | - Enrique Salazar-Rios
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos , Cuernavaca 62350, Morelos, México
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Michl J, Bello O, Kite GC, Simmonds MSJ, Heinrich M. Medicinally Used Asarum Species: High-Resolution LC-MS Analysis of Aristolochic Acid Analogs and In vitro Toxicity Screening in HK-2 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:215. [PMID: 28588481 PMCID: PMC5439001 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of Asarum are used in traditional Chinese medicine and, similar to members of the genus Aristolochia, they contain aristolochic acid analogs (AAAs). These compounds are known for their nephrotoxic and carcinogenic effects. So far, the phytochemistry and nephrotoxicity of species of Asarum is not well studied. A high-resolution LC-MS-based metabolomic approach was used to study the phytochemical variation in medicinally used Asarum species. The cytotoxicity of the samples was assessed using human kidney (HK-2) cells. The majority of samples contained potentially nephrotoxic AAAs, including 9-methoxy aristolactam (AL) IV, AL I, and AL IV. These compounds were present in methanol as well as water extracts. AAAs were detected in all parts of the plant. The majority of the extracts were not cytotoxic to HK-2 cells at the doses tested. However, other mechanisms relating to aristolochic acid nephropathy and cancer development, such as DNA adduct formation may occur. The results of this study provide a model for assessing lesser-known plant species for toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Michl
- Research Cluster Biodiversity and Medicines, UCL School of PharmacyLondon, UK
| | - Olusheyi Bello
- Research Cluster Biodiversity and Medicines, UCL School of PharmacyLondon, UK
| | | | | | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Cluster Biodiversity and Medicines, UCL School of PharmacyLondon, UK
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Khalsa J, Duffy LC, Riscuta G, Starke-Reed P, Hubbard VS. Omics for Understanding the Gut-Liver-Microbiome Axis and Precision Medicine. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2017; 6:176-185. [DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jag Khalsa
- National Institute on Drug Abuse; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Linda C. Duffy
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Gabriela Riscuta
- National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Pamela Starke-Reed
- Agricultural Research Service; United States Department of Agriculture; Washington DC USA
| | - Van S. Hubbard
- Formerly National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD
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Xiao Y, Xiao R, Tang J, Zhu Q, Li X, Xiong Y, Wu X. Preparation and adsorption properties of molecularly imprinted polymer via RAFT precipitation polymerization for selective removal of aristolochic acid I. Talanta 2017; 162:415-422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chan W, Pavlović NM, Li W, Chan CK, Liu J, Deng K, Wang Y, Milosavljević B, Kostić EN. Quantitation of Aristolochic Acids in Corn, Wheat Grain, and Soil Samples Collected in Serbia: Identifying a Novel Exposure Pathway in the Etiology of Balkan Endemic Nephropathy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5928-5934. [PMID: 27362729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While to date investigations provided convincing evidence on the role of aristolochic acids (AAs) in the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) and upper urothelial cancer (UUC), the exposure pathways by which AAs enter human bodies to cause BEN and UUC remain obscure. The goal of this study is to test the hypothesis that environmental pollution by AAs and root uptake of AAs in the polluted soil may be one of the pathways by which AAs enter the human food chain. The hypothesis driving this study was that the decay of Aristolochia clematitis L., a AA-containing herbaceous plant that is found growing widespread in the endemic regions, could release free AAs to the soil, which could be taken up by food crops growing nearby, thereby transferring this potent human nephrotoxin and carcinogen into their edible parts. Using the highly sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection method, we identified and quantitated in this study for the first time AAs in corn, wheat grain, and soil samples collected from the endemic village Kutles in Serbia. Our results provide the first direct evidence that food crops and soil in the Balkans are contaminated with AAs. It is possible that the presence of AAs in edible parts of crops originating from the AA-contaminated soil could be one of the major pathways by which humans become exposed to AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Biljana Milosavljević
- Institute for Forensic Medicine Medical Faculty, University of Niš , 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Emina N Kostić
- Clinic of Nephrology, Clinical Center Niš , 18000 Niš, Serbia
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