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Xu Y, Huang X, Wang YC, Zhao Y, Liang W. Identification of the interchromophore interaction in the electronic absorption and circular dichroism spectra of bis-phenanthrenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6155-6163. [PMID: 38299862 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05684h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
We characterize the low-lying excited electronic states of a series of bis-phenanthrenes using our newly developed diabatic scheme called the fragment particle-hole density (FPHD) method and calculate both the electronic absorption and circular dichroism (ECD) spectra using the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and the FPHD-based exciton model which couples intrachromophore local excitations (LEs) and the interchromophore charge-transfer excitations (CTEs). TDDFT treats each bis-phenanthrene as a single molecule while the mixed LE-CTE exciton model partitions the molecule into two phenanthrene-based aromatic moieties, and then applies the electronic coupling between the various quasi-diabatic states to cover the interactions. It is found that TDDFT and the mixed LE-CTE model reproduce all experimentally observed trends in the spectral profiles, and the hybridization between LE and CTE states is displayed differently in absorption and ECD spectral intensities, as it usually decreases the absorption maxima and affects the positive/negative extrema of the ECD irregularly. By comparing the results yielded by the LE-CTE model with and without the LE-CTE coupling, we identify the contribution of CTE on the main dipole-allowed transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Xunkun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - WanZhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
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2
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Dai Y, Rambaldi F, Negri F. Eclipsed and Twisted Excimers of Pyrene and 2-Azapyrene: How Nitrogen Substitution Impacts Excimer Emission. Molecules 2024; 29:507. [PMID: 38276585 PMCID: PMC11154402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique photophysical and electronic properties, pyrene and its analogues have been the subject of extensive research in recent decades. The propensity of pyrene and its derivatives to form excimers has found wide application in various fields. Nitrogen-substituted pyrene derivatives display similar photophysical properties, but for them, excimer emission has not been reported to date. Here, we use time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations to investigate the low-lying exciton states of dimers of pyrene and 2-azapyrene. The excimer equilibrium structures are determined and the contribution of charge transfer (CT) excitations and intermolecular interactions to the exciton states is disclosed using a diabatization procedure. The study reveals that the dimers formed by the two molecules have quite similar exciton-state patterns, in which the relevant CT contributions govern the formation of excimer states, along with the La/Lb state inversion. In contrast with pyrene, the dipole-dipole interactions in 2-azapyrene stabilize the dark eclipsed excimer structure and increase the barrier for conversion into a bright twisted excimer. It is suggested that these differences in the nitrogen-substituted derivative might influence the excimer emission properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasi Dai
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (Y.D.); (F.R.)
- Center for Chemical Catalysis—C3, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Rambaldi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (Y.D.); (F.R.)
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (Y.D.); (F.R.)
- Center for Chemical Catalysis—C3, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Research Unit of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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3
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Lijina MP, Benny A, Sebastian E, Hariharan M. Keeping the chromophores crossed: evidence for null exciton splitting. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6664-6679. [PMID: 37606527 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00176h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of the supramolecular assemblies of organic chromophores and the development of design strategies have seen endless ripples of interest owing to their exciting photophysical properties and optoelectronic applications. The independent discovery of dye aggregates by Jelley and Scheibe was the commencement of the remarkable advancement in the field of aggregate photophysics. Subsequent research warranted an exceptional model for defining the exciton interactions in aggregates, proposed by Davydov, Kasha and co-workers, independently, based on the long-range Coulombic coupling. Fascinatingly, the orthogonally cross-stacked molecular transition dipole arrangement was foretold by Kasha to possess null exciton interaction leading to spectroscopically uncoupled molecular assembly, which lacked an experimental signature for decades. There have been several attempts to identify and probe atypical molecular aggregates for decoding their optical behaviour. Herein, we discuss the recent efforts in experimentally verifying the unusual exciton interactions supported with quantum chemical computations, primarily focusing on the less explored null exciton splitting. Exciton engineering can be realized through synthetic modifications that can additionally offer control over the assorted non-covalent interactions for orchestrating precise supramolecular assembly, along with molecular editing. The task of attaining a minimal excitonic coupling through an orthogonally cross-stacked crystalline architecture envisaged to offer a monomer-like optical behaviour was first reported in 1,7-dibromoperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic tetrabutylester (PTE-Br2). The attempt to stitch molecules covalently in an orthogonal fashion to possess null excitonic character culminated in a spiro-conjugated perylenediimide dimer exhibiting a monomer-like spectroscopic signature. The computational and experimental efforts to map the emergent properties of the cross-stacked architecture are also discussed here. Using the null aggregates formed by the interference effects between CT-mediated and Coulombic couplings in the molecular array is another strategy for achieving monomer-like spectroscopic properties in molecular assemblies. Moreover, identifying supramolecular assemblies with precise angle-dependent properties can have implications in functional material design, and this review can provide insights into the uncharted realm of null exciton splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Lijina
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| | - Alfy Benny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| | - Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
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4
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Saito K, Mitsuhashi K, Tamura H, Ishikita H. Quantum mechanical analysis of excitation energy transfer couplings in photosystem II. Biophys J 2023; 122:470-483. [PMID: 36609140 PMCID: PMC9941724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated excitation energy transfer (EET) coupling (J) between all pairs of chlorophylls (Chls) and pheophytins (Pheos) in the protein environment of photosystem II based on the time-dependent density functional theory with a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics approach. In the reaction center, the EET coupling between Chls PD1 and PD2 is weaker (|J(PD1/PD2)| = 79 cm-1), irrespective of a short edge-to-edge distance of 3.6 Å (Mg-to-Mg distance of 8.1 Å), than the couplings between PD1 and the accessory ChlD1 (|J(PD1/ChlD2)| = 104 cm-1) and between PD2 and ChlD2 (|J(PD2/ChlD1)| = 101 cm-1), suggesting that PD1 and PD2 are two monomeric Chls rather than a "special pair". There exist strongly coupled Chl pairs (|J| > ∼100 cm-1) in the CP47 and CP43 core antennas, which may be candidates for the red-shifted Chls observed in spectroscopic studies. In CP47 and CP43, Chls ligated to CP47-His26 and CP43-His56, which are located in the middle layer of the thylakoid membrane, play a role in the "hub" that mediates the EET from the lumenal to stromal layers. In the stromal layer, Chls ligated to CP47-His466, CP43-His441, and CP43-His444 mediate the EET from CP47 to ChlD2/PheoD2 and from CP43 to ChlD1/PheoD1 in the reaction center. Thus, the excitation energy from both CP47 and CP43 can always be utilized for the charge-separation reaction in the reaction center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koji Mitsuhashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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5
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Dai W, Yu S, Kong C, Zhao D, He C, Liu Z, Dong J, Liu JJ, Cheng F. Effect of electronic structure of energy transfer in bimetallic Ru(II)/Os(II) complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:990-999. [PMID: 36601979 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03709b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel monometallic (μ-LL')Ru, Ru(μ-LL'), homobimetallic Ru(μ-LL')Ru, and heterodimetallic Ru(μ-LL')Os and Os(μ-LL')Ru complexes based on two asymmetrical ligands LL' (where LL' = L1L1', L2L2') have been synthesized and characterized. Spectroscopic analysis indicates that all complexes exhibit intense spin-allowed ligand-centered (LC) transitions at 288 nm and Ru-based moderate spin-allowed MLCT absorption between 440-450 nm. The Ru(μ-LL')Os and Os(μ-LL')Ru dinuclear complexes show Os-based unit absorption in the range of 565-583 nm. The Ru-based units of the complexes present different emission intensities due to differing steric hindrance at the coordination sites of the two bridging ligands. The Os(μ-LL')Ru dinuclear complexes present weaker emission intensity than their parent monometallic complexes (μ-LL')Ru. These results indicate that the emission of Os(μ-LL')Ru dinuclear complexes is quenched by the Os(II)-based units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Dai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Shiwen Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Ci Kong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Defang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Chixian He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Zining Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Jianwei Dong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Feixiang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
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Dai Y, Calzolari A, Zubiria-Ulacia M, Casanova D, Negri F. Intermolecular Interactions and Charge Resonance Contributions to Triplet and Singlet Exciton States of Oligoacene Aggregates. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010119. [PMID: 36615311 PMCID: PMC9822017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular interactions modulate the electro-optical properties of molecular materials and the nature of low-lying exciton states. Molecular materials composed by oligoacenes are extensively investigated for their semiconducting and optoelectronic properties. Here, we analyze the exciton states derived from time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations for two oligoacene model aggregates: naphthalene and anthracene dimers. To unravel the role of inter-molecular interactions, a set of diabatic states is selected, chosen to coincide with local (LE) and charge-transfer (CT) excitations within a restricted orbital space including two occupied and two unoccupied orbitals for each molecular monomer. We study energy profiles and disentangle inter-state couplings to disclose the (CT) character of singlet and triplet exciton states and assess the influence of inter-molecular orientation by displacing one molecule with respect to the other along the longitudinal translation coordinate. The analysis shows that (CT) contributions are relevant, although comparably less effective for triplet excitons, and induce a non-negligible mixed character to the low-lying exciton states for eclipsed monomers and for small translational displacements. Such (CT) contributions govern the La/Lb state inversion occurring for the low-lying singlet exciton states of naphthalene dimer and contribute to the switch from H- to J-aggregate type of the strongly allowed Bb transition of both oligoacene aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasi Dai
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Calzolari
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Zubiria-Ulacia
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Euskadi, Spain
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Euskadi, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Euskadi, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- INSTM UdR Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
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7
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Impact of Charge-Resonance Excitations on CT-Mediated J-Type Aggregation in Singlet and Triplet Exciton States of Perylene Di-Imide Aggregates: A TDDFT Investigation. COMPUTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/computation10020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of intermolecular interactions upon aggregation induces changes in excited state properties of organic molecules that can be detrimental for some optoelectronic applications but can be exploited for others. The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is a cost-effective approach to determining the exciton states of molecular aggregates, and it has been shown to provide reliable results when coupled with the appropriate choice of the functional. Here we apply a general procedure to analyze the aggregates’ exciton states derived from TDDFT calculations in terms of diabatic states chosen to coincide with local (LE) and charge-transfer (CT) excitations within a restricted orbital space. We apply the approach to study energy profiles, interstate couplings, and the charge-transfer character of singlet and triplet exciton states of perylene di-imide aggregates (PDI). We focus on the intermolecular displacement along the longitudinal translation coordinate, which mimics different amounts of slip-stacking observed in PDI crystals. The analysis, in terms of symmetry-adapted Frenkel excitations (FE) and charge-resonance (CR) states and their interactions, discloses how the interchange of the H/J character for small longitudinal shifts, previously reported for singlet exciton states, also occurs for triplet excitons.
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8
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Electronic Couplings for Singlet Oxygen Photosensitization and Its Molecular Orbital Overlap Description. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2112290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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9
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Heldmaier FV, Coughlan NJA, Haack A, Huard R, Guna M, Schneider BB, Le Blanc JCY, Campbell JL, Nooijen M, Hopkins WS. UVPD spectroscopy of differential mobility-selected prototropic isomers of protonated adenine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19892-19900. [PMID: 34525152 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02688g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two prototropic isomers of adenine are formed in an electrospray ion source and are resolved spatially in a differential mobility spectrometer before detection in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Each isomer is gated in CV space before being trapped in the linear ion trap of the modified mass spectrometer, where they are irradiated by the tuneable output of an optical parametric oscillator and undergo photodissociation to form charged fragments with m/z 119, 109, and 94. The photon-normalised intensity of each fragmentation channel is measured and the action spectra for each DMS-gated tautomer are obtained. Our analysis of the action spectra, aided by calculated vibronic spectra and thermochemical data, allow us to assign the two signals in our measured ionograms to specific tautomers of protonated adenine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Villanueva Heldmaier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Neville J A Coughlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Alexander Haack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Rebecca Huard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mircea Guna
- SCIEX, Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | | | | | - J Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Bedrock Scientific Inc., Milton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcel Nooijen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong.,Watermine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Asha H, Green JA, Martinez-Fernandez L, Esposito L, Improta R. Electronic Circular Dichroism Spectra of DNA Quadruple Helices Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Excitonic Calculations including Charge Transfer States. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164789. [PMID: 34443377 PMCID: PMC8398971 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We here investigate the Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD) Spectra of two representative Guanine-rich sequences folded in a Quadruple helix (GQ), by using a recently developed fragment diabatisation based excitonic model (FrDEx). FrDEx can include charge transfer (CT) excited states and consider the effect of the surrounding monomers on the local excitations (LEs). When applied to different structures generated by molecular dynamics simulations on a fragment of the human telomeric sequence (Tel21/22), FrDEx provides spectra fully consistent with the experimental one and in good agreement with that provided by quantum mechanical (QM) method used for its parametrization, i.e., TD-M05-2X. We show that the ECD spectrum is moderately sensitive to the conformation adopted by the bases of the loops and more significantly to the thermal fluctuations of the Guanine tetrads. In particular, we show how changes in the overlap of the tetrads modulate the intensity of the ECD signal. We illustrate how this correlates with changes in the character of the excitonic states at the bottom of the La and Lb bands, with larger LE and CT involvement of bases that are more closely stacked. As an additional test, we utilised FrDEx to compute the ECD spectrum of the monomeric and dimeric forms of a GQ forming sequence T30695 (5′TGGGTGGGTGGGTGGG3′), i.e., a system containing up to 24 Guanine bases, and demonstrated the satisfactory reproduction of the experimental and QM reference results. This study provides new insights on the effects modulating the ECD spectra of GQs and, more generally, further validates FrDEx as an effective tool to predict and assign the spectra of closely stacked multichromophore systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Asha
- CNR—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80136 Napoli, Italy; (H.A.); (J.A.G.); (L.E.)
| | - James A. Green
- CNR—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80136 Napoli, Italy; (H.A.); (J.A.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Lara Martinez-Fernandez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias and IADCHEM (Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luciana Esposito
- CNR—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80136 Napoli, Italy; (H.A.); (J.A.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Roberto Improta
- CNR—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80136 Napoli, Italy; (H.A.); (J.A.G.); (L.E.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Hamzehpoor E, Ruchlin C, Tao Y, Ramos-Sanchez JE, Titi HM, Cosa G, Perepichka DF. Room Temperature Phosphorescence vs Triplet-Triplet Annihilation in N-Substituted Acridone Solids. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6431-6438. [PMID: 34236197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic room temperature phosphorescent (ORTP) compounds have recently emerged as a promising class of emissive materials with a multitude of potential applications. However, the number of building blocks that give rise to efficient ORTP materials is still limited, and the rules for engineering phosphorescent properties in organic solids are not well understood. Here, we report ORTP in a series of N-substituted acridone derivatives with electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, and sterically bulky substituents. X-ray crystallography shows that the solid-state packing varies progressively between coparallel and antiparallel π-stacking and separated π-dimers, depending on the size of the substituent. The detailed photophysical studies supported by DFT calculations reveal complex dynamics of singlet and triplet excited states, depending on the electronic effects of substituents and solid-state packing. The programmable molecular packing provides a lever to control the triplet-triplet annihilation that is manifested as delayed fluorescence in acridone derivatives with continuous (both parallel and antiparallel) π-stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Hamzehpoor
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Cory Ruchlin
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Yuze Tao
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | | | - Hatem M Titi
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dmitrii F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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12
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Tamura H, Saito K, Ishikita H. The origin of unidirectional charge separation in photosynthetic reaction centers: nonadiabatic quantum dynamics of exciton and charge in pigment-protein complexes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8131-8140. [PMID: 34194703 PMCID: PMC8208306 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01497h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exciton charge separation in photosynthetic reaction centers from purple bacteria (PbRC) and photosystem II (PSII) occurs exclusively along one of the two pseudo-symmetric branches (active branch) of pigment-protein complexes. The microscopic origin of unidirectional charge separation in photosynthesis remains controversial. Here we elucidate the essential factors leading to unidirectional charge separation in PbRC and PSII, using nonadiabatic quantum dynamics calculations in conjunction with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) with the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics/polarizable continuum model (QM/MM/PCM) method. This approach accounts for energetics, electronic coupling, and vibronic coupling of the pigment excited states under electrostatic interactions and polarization of whole protein environments. The calculated time constants of charge separation along the active branches of PbRC and PSII are similar to those observed in time-resolved spectroscopic experiments. In PbRC, Tyr-M210 near the accessary bacteriochlorophyll reduces the energy of the intermediate state and drastically accelerates charge separation overcoming the electron-hole interaction. Remarkably, even though both the active and inactive branches in PSII can accept excitons from light-harvesting complexes, charge separation in the inactive branch is prevented by a weak electronic coupling due to symmetry-breaking of the chlorophyll configurations. The exciton in the inactive branch in PSII can be transferred to the active branch via direct and indirect pathways. Subsequently, the ultrafast electron transfer to pheophytin in the active branch prevents exciton back transfer to the inactive branch, thereby achieving unidirectional charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8654 Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8904 Japan
| | - Keisuke Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8654 Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8904 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8654 Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8904 Japan
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Canola S, Bagnara G, Dai Y, Ricci G, Calzolari A, Negri F. Addressing the Frenkel and charge transfer character of exciton states with a model Hamiltonian based on dimer calculations: Application to large aggregates of perylene bisimide. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:124101. [PMID: 33810656 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the influence of interchromophoric arrangements on photo-induced processes and optical properties of aggregates, it is fundamental to assess the contribution of local excitations [charge transfer (CT) and Frenkel (FE)] to exciton states. Here, we apply a general procedure to analyze the adiabatic exciton states derived from time-dependent density functional theory calculations, in terms of diabatic states chosen to coincide with local excitations within a restricted orbital space. In parallel, motivated by the need of cost-effective approaches to afford the study of larger aggregates, we propose to build a model Hamiltonian based on calculations carried out on dimers composing the aggregate. Both approaches are applied to study excitation energy profiles and CT character modulation induced by interchromophore rearrangements in perylene bisimide aggregates up to a tetramer. The dimer-based approach closely reproduces the results of full-aggregate calculations, and an analysis in terms of symmetry-adapted diabatic states discloses the effects of CT/FE interactions on the interchange of the H-/J-character for small longitudinal shifts of the chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Canola
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bagnara
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Yasi Dai
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gaetano Ricci
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Calzolari
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica 'Giacomo Ciamician', Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Mitsuhashi K, Tamura H, Saito K, Ishikita H. Nature of Asymmetric Electron Transfer in the Symmetric Pathways of Photosystem I. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:2879-2885. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Mitsuhashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Keisuke Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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15
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Wang YC, Feng S, Liang W, Zhao Y. Electronic Couplings for Photoinduced Charge Transfer and Excitation Energy Transfer Based on Fragment Particle-Hole Densities. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1032-1039. [PMID: 33470827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new scheme is proposed to calculate the electronic couplings for photoinduced charge transfer and excitation energy transfer for both singlet and triplet states. In this scheme, the locally excited and charge-transfer states are constructed from the adiabatic ones by maximally localizing the particle (i.e., electron) and hole densities in terms of predefined molecular fragments. The construction process, after which the electronic couplings are directly obtained, is highly efficient and can be combined with various kinds of preliminary electronic structure calculations as long as the adiabatic excitation energies and transition densities are available. The method also applies to the systems with multiple charge or excitation centers. Its validity is demonstrated by the applications to the 6,13-dichloropentacene dimer and tetramer and the C60-Zn porphyrin dyad. The results reveal that the environment has a strong impact on the electronic couplings and can even enlarge those for long-range charge transfer by several orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shishi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - WanZhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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16
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Green JA, Asha H, Santoro F, Improta R. Excitonic Model for Strongly Coupled Multichromophoric Systems: The Electronic Circular Dichroism Spectra of Guanine Quadruplexes as Test Cases. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:405-415. [PMID: 33378185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We here propose a general and flexible approach, based on fragment diabatization, which incorporates charge transfer states and significantly increases the reliability of excitonic Hamiltonians for systems where the chromophores are very close. This model (FrDEx) is used to compute the electronic circular dichroism and absorption spectra of two prototype guanine-rich DNA sequences folded in quadruple helices (GQs), i.e., a fragment of the human telomeric sequence (Tel21, antiparallel), and (TGGGGT)4 (TG4T, parallel). Calculations on different subsets of Tel21 and TG4T, from dimers to tetramers, show that FrDEx provides spectra close to the reference full quantum mechanical (QM) ones (obtained with time-dependent density functional theory), with significant improvements with respect to "standard" excitonic Hamiltonians. Furthermore, these tests enable the most cost-effective procedure for the whole GQ to be determined. FrDEx spectra of Tel21 and TG4T are also in good agreement with the QM and experimental ones and give access to interesting insights into the chemical-physical effects modulating the spectral signals. FrDEx could be profitably used to investigate many other biological and nanotechnological materials, from DNA to (opto)electronic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Green
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB-CNR), via Mezzocannone 16, I-80136 Napoli, Italy
| | - Haritha Asha
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB-CNR), via Mezzocannone 16, I-80136 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Santoro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici (ICCOM-CNR), SS di Pisa, Area della Ricerca, via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Improta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB-CNR), via Mezzocannone 16, I-80136 Napoli, Italy
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17
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Benny A, Ramakrishnan R, Hariharan M. Mutually exclusive hole and electron transfer coupling in cross stacked acenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5064-5072. [PMID: 35356382 PMCID: PMC8895660 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00520k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acenes in the Greek cross (+) stack orientation exhibit selective hole and electron transfer coupling based on gerade symmetry in frontier molecular orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfy Benny
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Remya Ramakrishnan
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Thiruvananthapuram
- India
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18
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Tamura H. Triplet Exciton Transfers and Triplet-Triplet Annihilation in Anthracene Derivatives via Direct versus Superexchange Pathways Governed by Molecular Packing. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7943-7949. [PMID: 32902271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Triplet exciton transfer (TET) and triplet-triplet annihilations (TTAs) in anthracene derivatives, namely, one of the polymorphs of 9,10-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)anthracene (TIPS-ANTp) and 1,2,3,4-tetrafluoro-5,8-bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)anthracene (F4-TMS-ANT), are analyzed theoretically. The electronic couplings for TET and TTA are evaluated by means of the diabatization scheme in conjunction with the time-dependent density functional theory and the multireference second-order Møller-Plesset method. The TET rate is estimated on the basis of Fermi's golden rule considering the Franck-Condon factor of intramolecular modes. TTA is analyzed by means of quantum dynamics calculations with the multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree method. TET in the cofacially stacked F4-TMS-ANT is faster than that of the slip-stacked TIPS-ANTp. In the anthracene derivatives, a singlet exciton is lower in energy than a pair of triplets. F4-TMS-ANT can exhibit an ultrafast TTA via the superexchange pathway mediated by higher lying charge transfer (CT) states, owing to strong electronic couplings. In contrast, TIPS-ANTp exhibits an inefficient TTA via the direct pathway with a small two-electron coupling. The cofacial stacking decreases the energy gap to the intermediate CT states, thereby facilitating TET and TTA via the superexchange pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tamura
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904 Japan
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19
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Lijina MP, Benny A, Ramakrishnan R, Nair NG, Hariharan M. Exciton Isolation in Cross-Pentacene Architecture. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17393-17402. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Lijina
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Alfy Benny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Remya Ramakrishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Nanditha G. Nair
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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20
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Acquirement of water-splitting ability and alteration of the charge-separation mechanism in photosynthetic reaction centers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16373-16382. [PMID: 32601233 PMCID: PMC7368266 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000895117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In photosynthetic reaction centers from purple bacteria (PbRC) and the water-oxidizing enzyme, photosystem II (PSII), charge separation occurs along one of the two symmetrical electron-transfer branches. Here we report the microscopic origin of the unidirectional charge separation, fully considering electron-hole interaction, electronic coupling of the pigments, and electrostatic interaction with the polarizable entire protein environments. The electronic coupling between the pair of bacteriochlorophylls is large in PbRC, forming a delocalized excited state with the lowest excitation energy (i.e., the special pair). The charge-separated state in the active branch is stabilized by uncharged polar residues in the transmembrane region and charged residues on the cytochrome c 2 binding surface. In contrast, the accessory chlorophyll in the D1 protein (ChlD1) has the lowest excitation energy in PSII. The charge-separated state involves ChlD1 •+ and is stabilized predominantly by charged residues near the Mn4CaO5 cluster and the proceeding proton-transfer pathway. It seems likely that the acquirement of water-splitting ability makes ChlD1 the initial electron donor in PSII.
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21
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Tamura H, Ishikita H. Quenching of Singlet Oxygen by Carotenoids via Ultrafast Superexchange Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5081-5088. [PMID: 32482065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We analyze the quenching mechanism of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) by carotenoids, namely lycopene, β-carotene, astaxanthin, and lutein, by means of quantum dynamics calculations and ab initio calculations. The singlet carotenoid (1Car) and 1O2 molecules can form a weakly bound complex via donation of electron density from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the carotenoid to the πg* orbitals of 1O2. The Dexter-type superexchange via charge transfer states (Car•+/O2•-) governs the 1O2 quenching. The Car•+/O2•- states are substantially higher in energy (2-4 eV) than the initial 1Car/1O2 states. The quantum dynamics calculations indicate an ultrafast 1O2 quenching on a timescale of subpicosecond owing to the strong electronic couplings in the carotenoid/O2 complexes. The superexchange mechanism via the Car•+/O2•- states dominates the 1O2 quenching, although the direct two-electron coupling can also play a certain role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tamura
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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22
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Neville SP, Seidu I, Schuurman MS. Propagative block diagonalization diabatization of DFT/MRCI electronic states. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:114110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5143126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Neville
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Issaka Seidu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michael S. Schuurman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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23
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Zheng J, Peng J, Xie Y, Long Y, Ning X, Lan Z. Study of the exciton dynamics in perylene bisimide (PBI) aggregates with symmetrical quasiclassical dynamics based on the Meyer–Miller mapping Hamiltonian. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18192-18204. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The exciton dynamics in one-dimensional stacked PBI (Perylene Bisimide) aggregates was studied with SQC-MM dynamics (Symmetrical Quasiclassical Dynamics based on the Meyer–Miller mapping Hamiltonian).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles
- Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens (SCEN)
- College of Textiles Clothing
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
| | - Jiawei Peng
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Yu Xie
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Yunze Long
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles
- Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens (SCEN)
- College of Textiles Clothing
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
| | - Xin Ning
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles
- Shandong Center for Engineered Nonwovens (SCEN)
- College of Textiles Clothing
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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24
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Tamura H, Azumaya K, Ishikita H. Long-Range Exciton Diffusion via Singlet Revival Mechanism. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7623-7628. [PMID: 31756111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We clarify the mechanism that leads to extended exciton diffusion length in organic materials which exhibit a strong anisotropy of electronic coupling. We analyze the cooperative effects of singlet fission and triplet-triplet annihilation in the exciton diffusion by means of the dynamic Monte Carlo simulations. As a model system, we consider the rubrene crystal which exhibits a long-range exciton diffusion. The deexcitation of the singlet exciton is suppressed by singlet → triplet conversion via singlet fission. Even though the triplet exciton would hardly diffuse along the c-axis in the rubrene crystal (perpendicular to the high mobility plane) because of the small electronic coupling, the regeneration of the singlet exciton via triplet-triplet annihilation enables long-range exciton diffusion along the c-axis. This singlet revival mechanism can extend the overall lifetime and the diffusion length of the exciton, through back-and-forth transitions between an isotropically diffusing singlet exciton and a long-lived triplet exciton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tamura
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 153-8904 , Japan
| | - Koki Azumaya
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 153-8904 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology , The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 153-8904 , Japan
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25
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Wu G, Bae YJ, Olesińska M, Antón-García D, Szabó I, Rosta E, Wasielewski MR, Scherman OA. Controlling the structure and photophysics of fluorophore dimers using multiple cucurbit[8]uril clampings. Chem Sci 2019; 11:812-825. [PMID: 34123057 PMCID: PMC8146025 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04587b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A modular strategy has been employed to develop a new class of fluorescent molecules, which generates discrete, dimeric stacked fluorophores upon complexation with multiple cucurbit[8]uril macrocycles. The multiple constraints result in a “static” complex (remaining as a single entity for more than 30 ms) and facilitate fluorophore coupling in the ground state, showing a significant bathochromic shift in absorption and emission. This modular design is surprisingly applicable and flexible and has been validated through an investigation of nine different fluorophore cores ranging in size, shape, and geometric variation of their clamping modules. All fluorescent dimers evaluated can be photo-excited to atypical excimer-like states with elongated excited lifetimes (up to 37 ns) and substantially high quantum yields (up to 1). This strategy offers a straightforward preparation of discrete fluorophore dimers, providing promising model systems with explicitly stable dimeric structures and tunable photophysical features, which can be utilized to study various intermolecular processes. Dimerisation of a wide range of fluorophores through multiple CB[8] clampings leads to constrained intracomplex motion and distinct photophysical properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglu Wu
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Youn Jue Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208-3113 USA
| | - Magdalena Olesińska
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Daniel Antón-García
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - István Szabó
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Edina Rosta
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208-3113 USA
| | - Oren A Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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26
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Lang RA, Japahuge A, Zeng T. General formalism of vibronic Hamiltonians for tetrahedral and octahedral systems: Problems that involve A-type states and a-type vibrations. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Jiang S, Xie Y, Lan Z. The role of the charge-transfer states in the ultrafast excitonic dynamics of the DTDCTB dimers embedded in a crystal environment. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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28
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Hoche J, Schmitt HC, Humeniuk A, Fischer I, Mitrić R, Röhr MIS. The mechanism of excimer formation: an experimental and theoretical study on the pyrene dimer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:25002-25015. [PMID: 28876005 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03990e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of excimer formation in organic materials is of fundamental importance, since excimers profoundly influence their functional performance in applications such as light-harvesting, photovoltaics or organic electronics. We present a joint experimental and theoretical study of the ultrafast dynamics of excimer formation in the pyrene dimer in a supersonic jet, which is the archetype of an excimer forming system. We perform simulations of the nonadiabatic photodynamics in the frame of TDDFT that reveal two distinct excimer formation pathways in the gas-phase dimer. The first pathway involves local excited state relaxation close to the initial Franck-Condon geometry that is characterized by a strong excitation of the stacking coordinate exhibiting damped oscillations with a period of 350 fs that persist for several picoseconds. The second excimer forming pathway involves large amplitude oscillations along the parallel shift coordinate with a period of ≈900 fs that after intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution leads to the formation of a perfectly stacked dimer. The electronic relaxation within the excitonic manifold is mediated by the presence of intermolecular conical intersections formed between fully delocalized excitonic states. Such conical intersections may generally arise in stacked π-conjugated aggregates due to the interplay between the long-range and short-range electronic coupling. The simulations are supported by picosecond photoionization experiments in a supersonic jet that provide a time-constant for the excimer formation of around 6-7 ps, in good agreement with theory. Finally, in order to explore how the crystal environment influences the excimer formation dynamics we perform large scale QM/MM nonadiabatic dynamics simulations on a pyrene crystal in the framework of the long-range corrected tight-binding TDDFT. In contrast to the isolated dimer, the excimer formation in the crystal follows a single reaction pathway in which the initially excited parallel slip motion is strongly damped by the interaction with the surrounding molecules leading to the slow excimer stabilization on a picosecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Hoche
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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Xie Y, Jiang S, Zheng J, Lan Z. Construction of Vibronic Diabatic Hamiltonian for Excited-State Electron and Energy Transfer Processes. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9567-9578. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b07737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xie
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Shengshi Jiang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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30
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Zeng T, Hickman RJ, Kadri A, Seidu I. General Formalism of Vibronic Hamiltonians for Tetrahedral and Octahedral Systems: Problems That Involve T, E States and t, e Vibrations. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:5004-5018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S5B6, Canada
| | - Riley J. Hickman
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S5B6, Canada
| | - Aya Kadri
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S5B6, Canada
| | - Issaka Seidu
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S5B6, Canada
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Grofe A, Qu Z, Truhlar DG, Li H, Gao J. Diabatic-At-Construction Method for Diabatic and Adiabatic Ground and Excited States Based on Multistate Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:1176-1187. [PMID: 28135420 PMCID: PMC5793876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a diabatic-at-construction (DAC) strategy for defining diabatic states to determine the adiabatic ground and excited electronic states and their potential energy surfaces using the multistate density functional theory (MSDFT). The DAC approach differs in two fundamental ways from the adiabatic-to-diabatic (ATD) procedures that transform a set of preselected adiabatic electronic states to a new representation. (1) The DAC states are defined in the first computation step to form an active space, whose configuration interaction produces the adiabatic ground and excited states in the second step of MSDFT. Thus, they do not result from a similarity transformation of the adiabatic states as in the ATD procedure; they are the basis for producing the adiabatic states. The appropriateness and completeness of the DAC active space can be validated by comparison with experimental observables of the ground and excited states. (2) The DAC diabatic states are defined using the valence bond characters of the asymptotic dissociation limits of the adiabatic states of interest, and they are strictly maintained at all molecular geometries. Consequently, DAC diabatic states have specific and well-defined physical and chemical meanings that can be used for understanding the nature of the adiabatic states and their energetic components. Here we present results for the four lowest singlet states of LiH and compare them to a well-tested ATD diabatization method, namely the 3-fold way; the comparison reveals both similarities and differences between the ATD diabatic states and the orthogonalized DAC diabatic states. Furthermore, MSDFT can provide a quantitative description of the ground and excited states for LiH with multiple strongly and weakly avoided curve crossings spanning over 10 Å of interatomic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Grofe
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zexing Qu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, China
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130023, China
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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