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Pignon F, Guilbert E, Mandin S, Hengl N, Karrouch M, Jean B, Putaux JL, Gibaud T, Manneville S, Narayanan T. Orthotropic organization of a cellulose nanocrystal suspension realized via the combined action of frontal ultrafiltration and ultrasound as revealed by in situ SAXS. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:914-925. [PMID: 38219310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Rodlike cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) exhibit significant potential as building blocks for creating uniform, sustainable materials. However, a critical hurdle lies in the need to enhance existing or devise novel processing that provides improved control over the alignment and arrangement of CNCs across a wide spatial range. Specifically, the challenge is to achieve orthotropic organization in a single-step processing, which entails creating non-uniform CNC orientations to generate spatial variations in anisotropy. EXPERIMENTS A novel processing method combining frontal ultrafiltration (FU) and ultrasound (US) has been developed. A dedicated channel-cell was designed to simultaneously generate (1) a vertical acoustic force thanks to a vibrating blade at the top and (2) a transmembrane pressure force at the bottom. Time-resolved in situ small-angle X-ray scattering permitted to probe the dynamical structural organization/orientation of CNCs during the processing. FINDINGS For the first time, a typical three-layer orthotropic structure that resembles the articular cartilage organization was achieved in one step during the FU/US process: a first layer composed of CNCs having their director aligned parallel to the horizontal membrane surface, a second intermediate isotropic layer, and a third layer of CNCs with their director vertically oriented along the direction of US wave propagation direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Pignon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Emilie Guilbert
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Mandin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Hengl
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mohamed Karrouch
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bruno Jean
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Putaux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Gibaud
- ENSL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Sebastien Manneville
- ENSL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France
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2
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Rikken RSM, Kleuskens S, Abdelmohsen LKEA, Engelkamp H, Nolte RJM, Maan JC, van Hest JCM, Wilson DA, Christianen PCM. The average magnetic anisotropy of polystyrene in polymersomes self-assembled from poly(ethylene glycol)- b-polystyrene. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:730-737. [PMID: 38117161 PMCID: PMC10806999 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01333b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Using the diamagnetic anisotropy of polymers for the characterization of polymers and polymer aggregates is a relatively new approach in the field of soft-matter and polymer research. So far, a good and thorough quantitative description of these diamagnetic properties has been lacking. Using a simple equation that links the magnetic properties of an average polymer repeating unit to those of the polymer vesicle of any shape, we measured, using magnetic birefringence, the average diamagnetic anisotropy of a polystyrene (PS) repeating unit, ΔχPS, inside a poly(ethylene glycol)-polystyrene (PEG-PS) polymersome membrane as a function of the PS-length and as a function of the preparation method. All obtained values of ΔχPS have a negative sign which results in polymers tending to align perpendicular to an applied magnetic field. Combined, the same order of magnitude of ΔχPS (10-12 m3 mol-1) for all polymersome shapes proves that the individual polymers are organized similarly regardless of the PS length and polymersome shape. Furthermore, the value found is only a fraction (∼1%) of what it can maximally be due to the random coiling of the polymers. We, therefore, predict that further ordering of the polymers within the membrane could lead to similar responses at much lower magnetic fields, possibly obtainable with permanent magnets, which would be highly advantageous for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger S M Rikken
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML - EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Kleuskens
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML - EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Loai K E A Abdelmohsen
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Engelkamp
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML - EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Maan
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML - EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela A Wilson
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C M Christianen
- High Field Magnet Laboratory (HFML - EMFL), Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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3
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Frka-Petesic B, Parton TG, Honorato-Rios C, Narkevicius A, Ballu K, Shen Q, Lu Z, Ogawa Y, Haataja JS, Droguet BE, Parker RM, Vignolini S. Structural Color from Cellulose Nanocrystals or Chitin Nanocrystals: Self-Assembly, Optics, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12595-12756. [PMID: 38011110 PMCID: PMC10729353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Widespread concerns over the impact of human activity on the environment have resulted in a desire to replace artificial functional materials with naturally derived alternatives. As such, polysaccharides are drawing increasing attention due to offering a renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible feedstock for functional nanomaterials. In particular, nanocrystals of cellulose and chitin have emerged as versatile and sustainable building blocks for diverse applications, ranging from mechanical reinforcement to structural coloration. Much of this interest arises from the tendency of these colloidally stable nanoparticles to self-organize in water into a lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystal, which can be readily manipulated in terms of its periodicity, structure, and geometry. Importantly, this helicoidal ordering can be retained into the solid-state, offering an accessible route to complex nanostructured films, coatings, and particles. In this review, the process of forming iridescent, structurally colored films from suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is summarized and the mechanisms underlying the chemical and physical phenomena at each stage in the process explored. Analogy is then drawn with chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs), allowing for key differences to be critically assessed and strategies toward structural coloration to be presented. Importantly, the progress toward translating this technology from academia to industry is summarized, with unresolved scientific and technical questions put forward as challenges to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- International
Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Thomas G. Parton
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Camila Honorato-Rios
- Department
of Sustainable and Bio-inspired Materials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aurimas Narkevicius
- B
CUBE − Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin Ballu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Qingchen Shen
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Zihao Lu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Ogawa
- CERMAV-CNRS,
CS40700, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Johannes S. Haataja
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, P.O. Box
15100, Aalto, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Benjamin E. Droguet
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Parker
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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4
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Wang Q, Niu W, Feng S, Liu J, Liu H, Zhu Q. Accelerating Cellulose Nanocrystal Assembly into Chiral Nanostructures. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37464327 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspensions self-assembled into chiral nematic liquid crystals. This property has enabled the development of versatile optical materials with fascinating properties. Nevertheless, the scale-up production and commercial success of chiral nematic CNC superstructures face significant challenges. Fabrication of chiral nematic CNC nanostructures suffers from a ubiquitous pernicious trade-off between uniform chiral nematic structure and rapid self-assembly. Specifically, the chiral nematic assembly of CNCs is a time-consuming, spontaneous process that involves the organization of particles into ordered nanostructures as the solvent evaporates. This review is driven by the interest in accelerating chiral nematic CNC assembly and promoting a long-range oriented chiral nematic CNC superstructure. To start this review, the chirality origins of CNC and CNC aggregates are analyzed. This is followed by a summary of the recent advances in stimuli-accelerated chiral nematic CNC self-assembly procedures, including evaporation-induced self-assembly, continuous coating, vacuum-assisted self-assembly, and shear-induced CNC assembly under confinement. In particular, stimuli-induced unwinding, alignment, and relaxation of chiral nematic structures were highlighted, offering a significant link between the accelerated assembly approaches and uniform chiral nematic nanostructures. Ultimately, future opportunities and challenges for rapid chiral nematic CNC assembly are discussed for more innovative and exciting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wen Niu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shixuan Feng
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Quantum and Sustainable Technology (IQST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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5
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Lu X, Jiao H, Shi Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Fu Y, Guo J, Wang Q, Liu X, Zhou M, Ullah MW, Sun J, Liu J. Fabrication of bio-inspired anisotropic structures from biopolymers for biomedical applications: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 308:120669. [PMID: 36813347 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The anisotropic features play indispensable roles in regulating various life activities in different organisms. Increasing efforts have been made to learn and mimic various tissues' intrinsic anisotropic structure or functionality for broad applications in different areas, especially in biomedicine and pharmacy. This paper discusses the strategies for fabricating biomaterials using biopolymers for biomedical applications with the case study analysis. Biopolymers, including different polysaccharides, proteins, and their derivates, that have been confirmed with sound biocompatibility for different biomedical applications are summarized, with a special focus on nanocellulose. Advanced analytical techniques for understanding and characterizing the biopolymer-based anisotropic structures for various biomedical applications are also summarized. Challenges still exist in precisely constructing biopolymers-based biomaterials with anisotropic structures from molecular to macroscopic levels and fitting the dynamic processes in native tissue. It is foreseeable that with the advancement of biopolymers' molecular functionalization, biopolymer building block orientation manipulation strategies, and structural characterization techniques, developing anisotropic biopolymer-based biomaterials for different biomedical applications would significantly contribute to a friendly disease-curing and healthcare experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechu Lu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haixin Jiao
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yifei Shi
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yan Li
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yinyi Fu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Institute of Medicine & Chemical Engineering, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang 212028, China
| | - Mengbo Zhou
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
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6
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Lim JH, Jing Y, Park S, Nishiyama Y, Veron M, Rauch E, Ogawa Y. Structural Anisotropy Governs the Kink Formation in Cellulose Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3961-3969. [PMID: 37078694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the defect structure is fundamental to correlating the structure and properties of materials. However, little is known about the defects of soft matter at the nanoscale beyond their external morphology. We report here on the molecular-level structural details of kink defects of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) based on a combination of experimental and theoretical methods. Low-dose scanning nanobeam electron diffraction analysis allowed for correlation of the local crystallographic information and nanoscale morphology and revealed that the structural anisotropy governed the kink formation of CNCs. We identified two bending modes along different crystallographic directions with distinct disordered structures at kink points. The drying strongly affected the external morphology of the kinks, resulting in underestimating the kink population in the standard dry observation conditions. These detailed defect analyses improve our understanding of the structural heterogeneity of nanocelluloses and contribute to the future exploitation of soft matter defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hui Lim
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yun Jing
- Molecular Vista, Incorporated, 6840 Via Del Oro, Suite 110, San Jose, California 95119, United States
| | - Sung Park
- Molecular Vista, Incorporated, 6840 Via Del Oro, Suite 110, San Jose, California 95119, United States
| | | | - Muriel Veron
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMaP, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Edgar Rauch
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMaP, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yu Ogawa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
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7
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Abbasi Moud A, Abbasi Moud A. Flow and assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC): A bottom-up perspective - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123391. [PMID: 36716841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cellulosic sources, such as lignocellulose-rich biomass, can be mechanically or acid degraded to produce inclusions called cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). They have several uses in the sectors of biomedicine, photonics, and material engineering because of their biodegradability, renewability, sustainability, and mechanical qualities. The processing and design of CNC-based products are inextricably linked to the rheological behaviour of CNC suspension or in combination with other chemicals, such as surfactants or polymers; in this context, rheology offers a significant link between microstructure and macro scale flow behaviour that is intricately linked to material response in applications. The flow behaviour of CNC items must be properly specified in order to produce goods with value-added characteristics. In this review article, we provide new research on the shear rheology of CNC dispersion and CNC-based hydrogels in the linear and nonlinear regime, with storage modulus values reported to range from ~10-3 to 103 Pa. Applications in technology and material science are also covered simultaneously. We carefully examined the effects of charge density, aspect ratio, concentration, persistence length, alignment, liquid crystal formation, the cause of chirality in CNCs, interfacial behaviour and interfacial rheology, linear and nonlinear viscoelasticity of CNC suspension in bulk and at the interface using the currently available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Abbasi Moud
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Biomedical Engineering Department, AmirKabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875/4413, PC36+P45 District 6, Tehran, Tehran Province 1591634311, Iran.
| | - Aliyeh Abbasi Moud
- Biomedical Engineering Department, AmirKabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875/4413, PC36+P45 District 6, Tehran, Tehran Province 1591634311, Iran
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8
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Chang MH, Oh-e M. Kinetic arrest during the drying of cellulose nanocrystal films from aqueous suspensions analogous to the freezing of thermal motions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21042. [PMID: 36470939 PMCID: PMC9722664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24926-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of controlling the iridescence of cellulose films by manipulating the alignment and helical pitch of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is required to advance cellulose photonics and its optoelectronic applications. Aqueous suspensions of CNCs exhibit a cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) phase with structural color; however, attaining a uniformly colored film is extremely difficult. Presumably, because multiple interrelated factors influence the CNC molecular alignment and helical pitch, existing models are not necessarily conclusive and remain a subject of debate. To eventually achieve homogeneously colored films, we compare aqueous CNC suspensions as a lyotropic liquid LC with thermotropic ones, and we spectroscopically confirm that the coloration of CNC droplets originates from the periodic CNC structure. The suspension drying process significantly influences the quality of iridescence of CNC films. Rapidly drying a droplet of a CNC suspension forms a concentric rainbow film, with red edges and a blue center, typical of the coffee-ring effect observed in air-dried films. By contrast, slow drying under controlled humidity, which reduces capillary flow, provides higher uniformity and a large blue area. Orbitally shaking films while drying under high humidity further improves the uniformity. Therefore, the evaporation rate significantly influences the thermodynamically stabilized helical pitch of CNCs, which determines the structural color. We qualitatively model the kinetic arrest induced by the rapid evaporation of lyotropic LCs in a manner equivalent to that induced by the rate of temperature change in thermotropic LCs and other materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsiang Chang
- grid.38348.340000 0004 0532 0580Institute of Photonics Technologies, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
| | - Masahito Oh-e
- grid.38348.340000 0004 0532 0580Institute of Photonics Technologies, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
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9
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Abbasi Moud A. Advanced cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) aerogels: Bottom-up assembly perspective for production of adsorbents. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1-29. [PMID: 36156339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The most common and abundant polymer in nature is the linear polysaccharide cellulose, but processing it requires a new approach since cellulose degrades before melting and does not dissolve in ordinary organic solvents. Cellulose aerogels are exceptionally porous (>90 %), have a high specific surface area, and have low bulk density (0.0085 mg/cm3), making them suitable for a variety of sophisticated applications including but not limited to adsorbents. The production of materials with different qualities from the nanocellulose based aerogels is possible thanks to the ease with which other chemicals may be included into the structure of nanocellulose based aerogels; despite processing challenges, cellulose can nevertheless be formed into useful, value-added products using a variety of traditional and cutting-edge techniques. To improve the adsorption of these aerogels, rheology, 3-D printing, surface modification, employment of metal organic frameworks, freezing temperature, and freeze casting techniques were all investigated and included. In addition to exploring venues for creation of aerogels, their integration with CNC liquid crystal formation were also explored and examined to pursue "smart adsorbent aerogels". The objective of this endeavour is to provide a concise and in-depth evaluation of recent findings about the conception and understanding of nanocellulose aerogel employing a variety of technologies and examination of intricacies involved in enhancing adsorption properties of these aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Abbasi Moud
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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10
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Abbasi Moud A. Chiral Liquid Crystalline Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals: Fundamentals and Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30673-30699. [PMID: 36092570 PMCID: PMC9453985 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
By using an independent self-assembly process that is occasionally controlled by evaporation, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) may create films (pure or in conjunction with other materials) that have iridescent structural colors. The self-forming chiral nematic structures and environmental safety of a new class of photonic liquid crystals (LCs), referred to as CNCs and CNC-embedded materials, make them simple to make and treat. The structure of the matrix interacts with light to give structural coloring, as opposed to other dye pigments, which interact with light by adsorption and reflection. Understanding how CNC self-assembly constructs structures is vital in several fields, including physics, science, and engineering. To constructure this review, the colloidal characteristics of CNC particles and their behavior during the formation of liquid crystals and gelling were studied. Then, some of the recognized applications for these naturally occurring nanoparticles were summarized. Different factors were considered, including the CNC aspect ratio, surface chemistry, concentration, the amount of time needed to produce an anisotropic phase, and the addition of additional substances to the suspension medium. The effects of alignment and the drying process conditions on structural changes are also covered. The focus of this study however is on the optical properties of the films as well as the impact of the aforementioned factors on the final transparency, iridescent colors, and versus the overall response of these bioinspired photonic materials. Control of the examined factors was found to be necessary to produce reliable materials for optoelectronics, intelligent inks and papers, transparent flexible support for electronics, and decorative coatings and films.
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11
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Narkevicius A, Parker RM, Ferrer-Orri J, Parton TG, Lu Z, van de Kerkhof GT, Frka-Petesic B, Vignolini S. Revealing the Structural Coloration of Self-Assembled Chitin Nanocrystal Films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203300. [PMID: 35623033 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The structural coloration of arthropods often arises from helicoidal structures made primarily of chitin. Although it is possible to achieve analogous helicoidal architectures by exploiting the self-assembly of chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs), to date no evidence of structural coloration has been reported from such structures. Previous studies are identified to have been constrained by both the experimental inability to access sub-micrometer helicoidal pitches and the intrinsically low birefringence of crystalline chitin. To expand the range of accessible pitches, here, ChNCs are isolated from two phylogenetically distinct sources of α-chitin, namely fungi and shrimp, while to increase the birefringence, an in situ alkaline treatment is performed, increasing the intensity of the reflected color by nearly two orders of magnitude. By combining this treatment with precise control over ChNC suspension formulation, structurally colored chitin-based films are demonstrated with reflection tunable from blue to near infrared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurimas Narkevicius
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Richard M Parker
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Jordi Ferrer-Orri
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Thomas G Parton
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Zihao Lu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Gea T van de Kerkhof
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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12
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Chan JM, Wang M. Visualizing the Orientation of Single Polymers Induced by Spin-Coating. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5891-5897. [PMID: 35786930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The orientation of chains within polymeric materials influences their electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. While many techniques can infer the orientation distribution of a bulk ensemble, it is challenging to determine this information at the single-chain level, particularly in an environment of otherwise identical polymers. Here, we use single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) to visualize the directions of chains within spin-coated polymer films. We find a strong relationship between shear force and the degree and direction of orientation, and additionally, we reveal the effects of chain length and solvent evaporation rate. This work utilizes single-chain resolution to observe the important, though often overlooked, property of chain orientation in the common fabrication process of spin-coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Muzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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13
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Bukharina D, Kim M, Han MJ, Tsukruk VV. Cellulose Nanocrystals' Assembly under Ionic Strength Variation: From High Orientation Ordering to a Random Orientation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6363-6375. [PMID: 35559606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the effect of the ionic strength and effective charge density on the final structural organization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) after drying suspensions with different ionic strengths in terms of quantitative characteristics of the orientation order, rarely considered to date. We observed that increasing the ionic strength in the initial suspension results in continuous shrinking of the helical pitch length that shifts the photonic band gap to a far UV region from the visible range (from 400 to 250 nm) because of the increase in the helical twisting power from 4 to 6 μm-1 and doubling of the twisting angle between neighboring monolayers from 5.5 to 9°. As our estimation of the Coulombic interactions demonstrates, the reduction of the Debye charge screening length below a critical value of 3 nm results in the loss of the long-range helicoidal order and the transition to a disordered morphology with random packing of nanocrystals. Subsequently, very high orientation ordering with the 2D orientation factor, S, within the range 0.8-0.9, close to the theoretical limit of 1, gradually decreased to a very low value of S = 0.1-0.2, a characteristic of random organization at high ionic strength. We suggest that the loss of the chiral ordering is a result of the reduction of repulsive forces, promoting direct physical contact with the reduced contact area during Brownian motion, combined with increased repulsive Coulombic interactions of nanocrystals at nonparallel local packing. Notably, electrolyte addition enhances chiral interactions to the point where the helical twisting power is too large and the resulting nanocrystal bundles can no longer compactly pack without creating unfavorably large free volume. We propose that the Debye charge screening length in suspensions can be used as a universal parameter for CNCs under different conditions and can be used to assess expected ordering characteristics in the solid films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Bukharina
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Minkyu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Moon Jong Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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14
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Al-Bustami H, Belsey S, Metzger T, Voignac D, Yochelis S, Shoseyov O, Paltiel Y. Spin-Induced Organization of Cellulose Nanocrystals. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2098-2105. [PMID: 35289591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are composed of chiral cellulose units, which form chiral nematic liquid crystals in water that, upon drying, self-assemble to more complex spiral chiral sheets. This secondary structure arrangement is found to change with an external magnetic or electric field. Here, we show that one of the basic organization driving forces is electron spin, which is produced as the charge redistributes in the organization process of the chiral building blocks. It is important to stress that the electron spin-exchange interactions supply the original driving force and not the magnetic field per se. The results present the first utilization of the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect in sugars, enabling one to regulate the CNC bottom-up fabrication process. Control is demonstrated on the organization order of the CNC by utilizing different magnetization directions of the ferromagnetic surface. The produced spin is probed using a simple Hall device. The measured Hall resistance shows that the CNC sheets' arrangement is affected during the first four hours as long as the CNC is in its wet phase. On introducing the 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid cross-linker into the CNC sheet, the packing density of the CNC helical structure is enhanced, presenting an increase in the Hall resistance and the chiral state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammam Al-Bustami
- Applied Physics Department and the center of Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Shylee Belsey
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tzuriel Metzger
- Applied Physics Department and the center of Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Daniel Voignac
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shira Yochelis
- Applied Physics Department and the center of Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Oded Shoseyov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Applied Physics Department and the center of Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904 Israel
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15
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Zhang M, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Yuan H, Guo Q, Zhuang T. Amplifying inorganic chirality using liquid crystals. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:592-601. [PMID: 34850801 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06036h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chiral inorganic nanostructures have drawn extensive attention thanks to their unique physical properties as well as multidisciplinary applications. Amplifying inorganic chirality using liquid crystals (LCs) is an efficient way to enhance the parented inorganic asymmetry owing to chirality transfer. Herein, the universal synthetic methods and structural characterizations of chiral inorganic-doped LC hybrids are introduced. Additionally, the current progress and status of recent experiment and theory research about chiral interactions between inorganic nanomaterials (e.g. metal, semiconductor, perovskite, and magnetic oxide) and LCs are summarized in this review. We further present representative applications of these new hybrids in the area of encryption, sensing, optics, etc. Finally, we provide perspectives on this field in terms of material variety, new synthesis, and future practice. It is envisaged that LCs will act as a pivotal part in the amplification of inorganic chirality with versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiang Zhang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yajie Zhou
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Honghan Yuan
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Taotao Zhuang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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16
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Yang Y, Huang H, Xu D, Wang X, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhang K. 3D Hollow Xerogels with Ordered Cellulose Nanocrystals for Tailored Mechanical Properties. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104702. [PMID: 34705326 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advanced materials with aligned cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have attracted much attention due to their remarkable mechanical and optical properties, but most of them still focus on 1D or 2D architectures. Herein, complex 3D architectures as pseudo catenoid hollow xerogels with aligned CNCs are prepared from dynamic hydrogels by mechanical stretching and air-drying process. Aligned CNCs endow the pseudo catenoids with distinct birefringence in addition to reinforcement. The mechanical properties of pseudo catenoid architecture are revealed for the first time to be controlled at two stages on diverse length scales. Both the aligned CNCs on the nanoscale and the geometry of the xerogels affect the mechanical properties. The inwardly curved surface of the pseudo catenoid xerogel makes the structure conducive to energy dissipation. These both stages of controls on the mechanical properties can be adjusted by changing the morphology of the initial hydrogels and the mechanical stretching ratios. These results will provide a new perspective for the design and manufacture advanced materials with tailored mechanical properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-based Composites, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Heqin Huang
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-based Composites, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dan Xu
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-based Composites, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-based Composites, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Sustainable Materials and Chemistry, Department of Wood Technology and Wood-based Composites, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 4, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
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17
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Guidetti G, Frka-Petesic B, Dumanli AG, Hamad WY, Vignolini S. Effect of thermal treatments on chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal films. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118404. [PMID: 34420763 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate the optical appearance of materials is essential in virtually all products and areas of technology. Structurally coloured chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films proved to be an excellent platform to design optical appearance, as their response can be moulded by organising them in hierarchical architectures. Here, we study how thermal treatments influence the optical appearance of structurally coloured CNC films. We demonstrate that the CNCs helicoidal architecture and the chiral optical response can be maintained up to 250 °C after base treatment and cross-linking with glutaraldehyde, while, alternatively, an exposure to vacuum allows for the helicoidal arrangement to be further preserved up to 900 °C, thus producing aromatic chiral carbon. The ability to retain the helicoidal arrangement, and thus the visual appearance, in CNC films up to 250 °C is highly desirable for high temperature colour-based industrial applications and for passive colorimetric heat sensors. Similarly, the production of chiral carbon provides a new type of conductive carbon for electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guidetti
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
| | - Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
| | - Ahu G Dumanli
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
| | - Wadood Y Hamad
- Bioproducts Innovation Centre of Excellence, FPInnovations, 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
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18
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De France K, Zeng Z, Wu T, Nyström G. Functional Materials from Nanocellulose: Utilizing Structure-Property Relationships in Bottom-Up Fabrication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2000657. [PMID: 32267033 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
It is inherently challenging to recapitulate the precise hierarchical architectures found throughout nature (such as in wood, antler, bone, and silk) using synthetic bottom-up fabrication strategies. However, as a renewable and naturally sourced nanoscale building block, nanocellulose-both cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils-has gained significant research interest within this area. Altogether, the intrinsic shape anisotropy, surface charge/chemistry, and mechanical/rheological properties are some of the critical material properties leading to advanced structure-based functionality within nanocellulose-based bottom-up fabricated materials. Herein, the organization of nanocellulose into biomimetic-aligned, porous, and fibrous materials through a variety of fabrication techniques is presented. Moreover, sophisticated material structuring arising from both the alignment of nanocellulose and via specific process-induced methods is covered. In particular, design rules based on the underlying fundamental properties of nanocellulose are established and discussed as related to their influence on material assembly and resulting structure/function. Finally, key advancements and critical challenges within the field are highlighted, paving the way for the fabrication of truly advanced materials from nanocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin De France
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Zhihui Zeng
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Tingting Wu
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Laboratory for Cellulose and Wood Materials, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
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19
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Casado U, Mucci VL, Aranguren MI. Cellulose nanocrystals suspensions: Liquid crystal anisotropy, rheology and films iridescence. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117848. [PMID: 33766344 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The properties of aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and their casted films are revised. The bio-nanoparticles are briefly introduced, including modifications of the crystals and the suspending media. The formation of CNC-derived liquid crystals (LC) and their resulting rheological behavior are presented. The effects of different variables are addressed: CNC aspect ratio, surface chemistry, concentration, time required for the appearance of an anisotropic phase and addition of other components to the suspension media. The changes on the structure induced by alignment, and by conditions of the drying process are also reported. The optical properties of the films are considered, and the effect of the above variables on the final transparency, iridescence and overall optical response of these bio-inspired photonic materials. Control of the reviewed variables is needed to achieve reliable materials in applications such as sensors, smart inks and papers, transparent flexible supports for electronics, decorative coatings and films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Casado
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones en Ciencia y tecnología (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería, Av. Juan B Justo 4302, (7600), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Verónica L Mucci
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones en Ciencia y tecnología (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería, Av. Juan B Justo 4302, (7600), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Mirta I Aranguren
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones en Ciencia y tecnología (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería, Av. Juan B Justo 4302, (7600), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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20
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Shear-induced unidirectional deposition of bacterial cellulose microfibrils using rising bubble stream cultivation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 255:117328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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21
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Pardo A, Gómez-Florit M, Barbosa S, Taboada P, Domingues RMA, Gomes ME. Magnetic Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering: Design Concepts and Remote Actuation Strategies to Control Cell Fate. ACS NANO 2021; 15:175-209. [PMID: 33406360 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Most tissues of the human body are characterized by highly anisotropic physical properties and biological organization. Hydrogels have been proposed as scaffolding materials to construct artificial tissues due to their water-rich composition, biocompatibility, and tunable properties. However, unmodified hydrogels are typically composed of randomly oriented polymer networks, resulting in homogeneous structures with isotropic properties different from those observed in biological systems. Magnetic materials have been proposed as potential agents to provide hydrogels with the anisotropy required for their use on tissue engineering. Moreover, the intrinsic properties of magnetic nanoparticles enable their use as magnetomechanic remote actuators to control the behavior of the cells encapsulated within the hydrogels under the application of external magnetic fields. In this review, we combine a detailed summary of the main strategies to prepare magnetic nanoparticles showing controlled properties with an analysis of the different approaches available to their incorporation into hydrogels. The application of magnetically responsive nanocomposite hydrogels in the engineering of different tissues is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pardo
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciencia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco-Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuel Gómez-Florit
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciencia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco-Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Silvia Barbosa
- Colloids and Polymers Physics Group, Condensed Matter Physics Area, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo Taboada
- Colloids and Polymers Physics Group, Condensed Matter Physics Area, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rui M A Domingues
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciencia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco-Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciencia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco-Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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22
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Merindol R, Diabang S, Mujica R, Le Houerou V, Roland T, Gauthier C, Decher G, Felix O. Assembly of Anisotropic Nanocellulose Films Stronger than the Original Tree. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16525-16534. [PMID: 32790330 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural structural materials frequently consist of multimaterial nanocomposites with complex superstructure giving rise to exceptional mechanical properties, but also commonly preventing access to their synthetic reproduction. Here we present the spin-assisted layer-by-layer assembly of anisotropic wood-inspired films composed of anionic cellulose nanofibrils and cationic poly(vinyl amine) possessing a tensile strength that exceeds that of the wood from which the fibers originate. The degree of orientation of the nanofibrils was studied by atomic force microscopy and depends strongly on the distance from the center of the spun surface. The nanofibrils are preferentially aligned in the direction of the shear flow, and consequently, the mechanical properties of such films differ substantially when measured parallel and perpendicular to the fibril orientation direction. For enabling a diversity of bioinspired applications including sensing, packaging, electronics, or optics, the preparation of nanocomposite materials and devices with anisotropic physical properties requires an extreme level of control over the positioning and alignment of nanoscale objects within the matrix material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Merindol
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Seydina Diabang
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Randy Mujica
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Le Houerou
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Roland
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSA de Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gauthier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gero Decher
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Olivier Felix
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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23
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Thomas P, Duolikun T, Rumjit NP, Moosavi S, Lai CW, Bin Johan MR, Fen LB. Comprehensive review on nanocellulose: Recent developments, challenges and future prospects. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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24
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Chen T, Zhao Q, Meng X, Li Y, Peng H, Whittaker AK, Zhu S. Ultrasensitive Magnetic Tuning of Optical Properties of Films of Cholesteric Cellulose Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9440-9448. [PMID: 32574040 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chiral photonic crystals derived from the self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have found important applications in optical devices due to the capacity to adjust the chiral nematic phase under external stimulus, in particular an applied magnetic field. To date, strong magnetic fields have been required to induce an optical response in CNC films. In this work, the self-assembly of films of CNCs can be tuned by applying an ultrasmall magnetic field. The CNCs, decorated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4/CNCs), were dispersed in suspensions of neat CNCs so as to alter the magnetic response of the CNCs. A subsequent process of dispersion not only prevents the clumping of the magnetic nanoparticles but also enhances the sensitivity to an applied magnetic field. A small magnetic field of 7 mT can tune the self-assembly and the microstructure of the CNCs. The pitch of the chiral structure decreased with an increase in applied magnetic field, from 302 to 206 nm, for fields from 7 to 15 mT. This phenomenon is opposite that observed for neat CNCs, in which the pitch is observed to increase with an increase in the external magnetic strength. The optical response under application of an ultrasmall magnetic field could help with theoretical research and enable more applications, such as sensors or nanotemplating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Peng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew K Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shenmin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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25
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Qu D, Zussman E. Electro-responsive Liquid Crystalline Nanocelluloses with Reversible Switching. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6697-6703. [PMID: 32787220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystalline cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) which can change their structural and optical properties in an electric field could be a new choice for advanced optoelectronic devices. Unfortunately, the exploration of its performance in an electric field is underdeveloped. Hence, we reveal some interesting dielectric coupling activities of liquid crystalline CNC in an electric field. The CNC tactoid is shown to orient its helix axis normal to the electric field direction. Then, as a function of the electric field strength and frequency, the tactoid can be stretched along with a pitch increase, with a deformation mechanism significantly differing at varied frequencies, and finally untwists the helix axis to form a nematic structure upon increasing the electric field strength. Moreover, a straightforward method to visualize the electric field is demonstrated, by combining the CNC uniform lying helix textures with polarized optical microscopy. We envision these understandings could facilitate the development of liquid crystalline CNC in the design of electro-optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qu
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Eyal Zussman
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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26
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Azzam F, Frka-Petesic B, Semeraro EF, Cousin F, Jean B. Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Reveals the Structural Details of Thermosensitive Polymer-Grafted Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:8511-8519. [PMID: 32610020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to the use of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), a detailed structural description of thermosensitive polymer-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was obtained and the behavior of aqueous suspensions of these derivatized biosourced particles upon temperature increase was revealed. Although literature data show that the surface grafting of thermosensitive polymers drastically enhances the colloidal properties of CNCs, direct space microscopic investigation techniques fail in providing sufficient structural information on these objects. In the case of CNCs decorated with temperature-sensitive polyetheramines following a peptide coupling reaction, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of SANS spectra shows that CNCs are homogeneously covered by a shell comprising polymer chains in a Gaussian conformation with a thickness equal to their radius of gyration in solution, thus revealing a mushroom regime. An increase of the temperature above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polyetheramine results in the formation of finite size bundles whose aggregation number depends on the particle concentration and suspension temperature deviation from the LCST. SANS analysis further reveals local changes at the CNC surface corresponding to a release of water molecules and a related denser polymer shell conformation. Noticeably, data show a full reversibility at all length scales when a sample was cooled down to below the LCST after being heated above it. Overall, the results obtained by SANS allow an in-depth structural investigation of derivatized CNCs, which is of high interest for the design of functional materials comprising these biosourced colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Azzam
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Enrico F Semeraro
- Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Cousin
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bruno Jean
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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27
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Yamato M, Kimura T. Magnetic Processing of Diamagnetic Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1491. [PMID: 32635334 PMCID: PMC7408077 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, materials scientists and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopists have easy access to high magnetic fields of approximately 10 T supplied by superconducting magnets. Neodymium magnets that generate magnetic fields of approximately 1 T are readily available for laboratory use and are widely used in daily life applications, such as mobile phones and electric vehicles. Such common access to magnetic fields-unexpected 30 years ago-has helped researchers discover new magnetic phenomena and use such phenomena to process diamagnetic materials. Although diamagnetism is well known, it is only during the last 30 years that researchers have applied magnetic processing to various classes of diamagnetic materials such as ceramics, biomaterials, and polymers. The magnetic effects that we report herein are largely attributable to the magnetic force, magnetic torque, and magnetic enthalpy that in turn, directly derive from the well-defined magnetic energy. An example of a more complex magnetic effect is orientation of crystalline polymers under an applied magnetic field; researchers do not yet fully understand the crystallization mechanism. Our review largely focuses on polymeric materials. Research topics such as magnetic effect on chiral recognition are interesting yet beyond our scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Yamato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University,1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tsunehisa Kimura
- Division of Forestry and Biomaterials, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
- Fukui University of Technology, 3-6-1 Gakuen, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
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28
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Takana H, Guo M. Numerical simulation on electrostatic alignment control of cellulose nano-fibrils in flow. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:205602. [PMID: 31986491 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab703d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The alignment process of the cellulose nano-fibrils (CNFs) in an alternating electric field and elongational flow is numerically simulated for the fabrication of strong cellulose filaments. The order parameter of CNFs in the flow channel is evaluated by solving the Smoluchowski equation for the orientation distribution function of the CNFs. The results show that CNF alignment in the electric field is enhanced with applied voltage because the electrostatic torque is dominant over the Brownian rotation. An optimal fibril length is shown to exist for electrostatic alignment coupled with elongational flow effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Takana
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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29
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Cao Y, Wang PX, D'Acierno F, Hamad WY, Michal CA, MacLachlan MJ. Tunable Diffraction Gratings from Biosourced Lyotropic Liquid Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907376. [PMID: 32243008 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diffraction gratings are important for modern optical components, such as optical multiplexers and signal processors. Although liquid crystal (LC) gratings based on thermotropic LCs have been extensively explored, they often require expensive molecules and complicated manufacturing processes. Lyotropic LCs, which can be broadly obtained from both synthetic and natural sources, have not yet been applied in optical gratings. Herein, a facile grating fabrication method using a biosourced lyotropic LC formed by cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), a material extracted from plants, is reported. Hydrogel sheets with vertically aligned uniform periodic structures are obtained by fixing the highly oriented chiral nematic LC of CNCs in polymer networks under the cooperative effects of gravity on phase separation and a magnetic field on LC orientation. The hydrogel generates up to sixth-order diffraction spots and shows linear polarization selectivity, with tunable grating periodicity controlled through LC concentration regulation. This synthesis strategy can be broadly applied to various grating materials and opens up a new area of optical materials from lyotropic LCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cao
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Pei-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Francesco D'Acierno
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Wadood Y Hamad
- Transformation and Interfaces Group, Bioproducts Innovation Centre of Excellence, FPInnovations, 2665 East Mall, British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Carl A Michal
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Mark J MacLachlan
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z1, Canada
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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30
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Jiang Q, Xing X, Jing Y, Han Y. Preparation of cellulose nanocrystals based on waste paper via different systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:1318-1322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Zhang Y, Tian Z, Fu Y, Wang Z, Qin M, Yuan Z. Responsive and patterned cellulose nanocrystal films modified by N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 228:115387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Echave MC, Domingues RMA, Gómez-Florit M, Pedraz JL, Reis RL, Orive G, Gomes ME. Biphasic Hydrogels Integrating Mineralized and Anisotropic Features for Interfacial Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:47771-47784. [PMID: 31789494 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The innate graded structural and compositional profile of musculoskeletal tissue interfaces is disrupted and replaced by fibrotic tissue in the context of disease and degeneration. Tissue engineering strategies focused on the restoration of the transitional complexity found in those junctions present special relevance for regenerative medicine. Herein, we developed a gelatin-based multiphasic hydrogel system, where sections with distinct composition and microstructure were integrated in a single unit. In each phase, hydroxyapatite particles or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were incorporated into an enzymatically cross-linked gelatin network to mimic bone or tendon tissue, respectively. Stiffer hydrogels were produced with the incorporation of mineralized particles, and magnetic alignment of CNC resulted in anisotropic structure formation. The evaluation of the biological commitment with human adipose-derived stem cells toward the tendon-to-bone interface revealed an aligned cell growth and higher synthesis and deposition of tenascin in the anisotropic phase, while the activity of the secreted alkaline phosphatase and the expression of osteopontin were induced in the mineralized phase. These results highlight the potential versatility offered by gelatin-transglutaminase enzyme tandem for the development of strategies that mimic the graded, composite, and complex intersections of the connective tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Carmen Echave
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo de la Universidad 7 , Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006 , Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006 , Spain
| | - Rui M A Domingues
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , University of Minho , AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine , Headquarters at University of Minho , Avepark , Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Manuel Gómez-Florit
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , University of Minho , AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
| | - José Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo de la Universidad 7 , Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006 , Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006 , Spain
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , University of Minho , AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine , Headquarters at University of Minho , Avepark , Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães , Portugal
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo de la Universidad 7 , Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006 , Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) , Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006 , Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology-UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua) , Vitoria 01006 , Spain
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , University of Minho , AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga/Guimarães , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine , Headquarters at University of Minho , Avepark , Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães , Portugal
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33
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Ogawa Y. Electron microdiffraction reveals the nanoscale twist geometry of cellulose nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:21767-21774. [PMID: 31573012 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06044h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose consisting of crystalline cellulose nanoparticles has high potential to serve as a building block for bio-based functional materials. The intrinsic chirality of cellulose provides them with high added values such as optical properties and chiral induction ability. At the nanoscale, this chirality is connected to the right-handed longitudinal twisting of these fibrous crystallites. However, this nanoscale fibrillar twist has been a matter of debate due to contradictory data between ultrastructural observations and molecular simulations and so far, the exact twist geometry has not been elucidated. Here, an electron microdiffraction (μED) analysis under cryogenic conditions reveals the continuous twisting of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in aqueous suspension. This intrinsic regular twist is drastically modified to a discontinuous sharp twist when the CNCs are dried on a flat surface. The present μED-based analysis at the single nanoparticle level allows the establishment of the quantitative structure-property relationship of various solid and colloidal nanocellulose systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ogawa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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35
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Medina L, Nishiyama Y, Daicho K, Saito T, Yan M, Berglund LA. Nanostructure and Properties of Nacre-Inspired Clay/Cellulose Nanocomposites—Synchrotron X-ray Scattering Analysis. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Medina
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kazuho Daicho
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Max Yan
- School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 16440 Kista, Sweden
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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36
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Frka-Petesic B, Kamita G, Guidetti G, Vignolini S. The angular optical response of cellulose nanocrystal films explained by the distortion of the arrested suspension upon drying. PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS 2019; 3:045601. [PMID: 33225202 PMCID: PMC7116400 DOI: 10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.045601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are bio-sourced chiral nanorods that can form stable colloidal suspensions able to spontaneously assemble above a critical concentration into a cholesteric liquid crystal, with a cholesteric pitch usually in the micron range. When these suspensions are dried on a substrate, solid films with a pitch of the order of few hundreds of nanometers can be produced, leading to intense reflection in the visible range. However, the resulting cholesteric nanostructure is usually not homogeneous within a sample and comports important variations of the cholesteric domain orientation and pitch, which affect the photonic properties. In this work, we first propose a model accounting for the formation of the photonic structure from the vertical compression of the cholesteric suspension upon solvent evaporation, starting at the onset of the kinetic arrest of the drying suspension and ending when solvent evaporation is complete. From that assumption, various structural features of the films can be derived, such as the variation of the cholesteric pitch with the domain tilt, the orientation distribution density of the final cholesteric domains and the distortion of the helix from the unperturbed cholesteric case. The angular-resolved optical response of such films is then derived, including the iridescence and the generation of higher order reflection bands, and a simulation of the angular optical response is provided, including its tailoring under external magnetic fields. Second, we conducted an experimental investigation of CNC films covering a structural and optical analysis of the films. The macroscopic appearance of the films is discussed and complemented with angular-resolved optical spectroscopy, optical and electron microscopy, and our quantitative analysis shows an excellent agreement with the proposed model. This allows us to access the precise composition and the pitch of the suspension when it transited into a kinetically arrested phase directly from the optical analysis of the film. This work highlights the key role that the anisotropic compression of the kinetically arrested state plays in the formation of CNC films and is relevant to the broader case of structure formation in cast dispersions and colloidal self-assembly upon solvent evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Melville laboratory for polymer Synthesis, Chemistry dept., University of Cambridge
| | - Gen Kamita
- Melville laboratory for polymer Synthesis, Chemistry dept., University of Cambridge
| | - Giulia Guidetti
- Melville laboratory for polymer Synthesis, Chemistry dept., University of Cambridge
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Melville laboratory for polymer Synthesis, Chemistry dept., University of Cambridge
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37
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Linear Birefringent Films of Cellulose Nanocrystals Produced by Dip-Coating. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 9:nano9010045. [PMID: 30602653 PMCID: PMC6359005 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transparent films of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are prepared by dip-coating on glass substrates from aqueous suspensions of hydrolyzed filter paper. Dragging forces acting during films’ deposition promote a preferential alignment of the rod-shaped CNC. Films that are 2.8 and 6.0 µm in thickness show retardance effects, as evidenced by placing them between a linearly polarized light source and a linear polarizer sheet in the extinction configuration. Transmission Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements at normal incidence as a function of sample rotation were used to characterize polarization properties. A differential decomposition of the Mueller matrix reveals linear birefringence as the unique polarization parameter. These results show a promising way for obtaining CNC birefringent films by a simple and controllable method.
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38
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Cherpak V, Korolovych VF, Geryak R, Turiv T, Nepal D, Kelly J, Bunning TJ, Lavrentovich OD, Heller WT, Tsukruk VV. Robust Chiral Organization of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Capillary Confinement. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:6770-6777. [PMID: 30351961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We showed large area uniformly aligned chiral photonic bioderived films from a liquid crystal phase formed by a cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspension placed in a thin capillary. As a result of the spatial confinement of the drying process, the interface between coexisting isotropic and chiral phases aligns perpendicular to the long axis of the capillary. This orientation facilitates a fast homogeneous growth of chiral pseudolayers parallel to the interface. Overall, the formation of organized solids takes hours vs weeks in contrast to the slow and heterogeneous process of drying from the traditional dish-cast approach. The saturation of water vapor in one end of the capillary causes anisotropic drying and promotes unidirectional propagation of the anisotropic phase in large regions that results in chiral CNC solid films with a uniformly oriented layered morphology. Corresponding ordering processes were monitored in situ at a nanoscale, mesoscale, and microscopic scale with complementary scattering and microscopic techniques. The resulting films show high orientation order at a multilength scale over large regions and preserved chiral handedness causing a narrower optical reflectance band and uniform birefringence over macroscopic regions in contrast to traditional dish-cast CNC films and those assembled in a magnetic field and on porous substrates. These thin films with a controllable and well-identified uniform morphology, structural colors, and handedness open up interesting possibilities for broad applications in bioderived photonic nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cherpak
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - V F Korolovych
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - R Geryak
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - T Turiv
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program , Kent State University , Kent , Ohio 44240 , United States
| | - D Nepal
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - J Kelly
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - T J Bunning
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - O D Lavrentovich
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program , Kent State University , Kent , Ohio 44240 , United States
- Department of Physics , Kent State University , Kent , Ohio 44240 , United States
| | - W T Heller
- Neutron Scattering Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - V V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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39
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Leguy J, Diallo A, Putaux JL, Nishiyama Y, Heux L, Jean B. Periodate Oxidation Followed by NaBH 4 Reduction Converts Microfibrillated Cellulose into Sterically Stabilized Neutral Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:11066-11075. [PMID: 30129768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The periodate oxidation of microfibrillated cellulose followed by a reduction treatment was implemented to produce a new type of sterically stabilized cellulosic nanocrystals, which were characterized at the molecular and colloidal length scales. Solid-state NMR data showed that these treatments led to objects consisting of native cellulose and flexible polyols resulting from the oxidation and subsequent reduction of cellulose. A consistent set of data from dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments further showed that stable neutral elongated nanoparticles composed of a crystalline cellulosic core surrounded by a shell of dangling polyol chains were produced. The dimensions of these biosourced nanocrystals could be controlled by the degree of oxidation of the parent dialdehyde cellulose sample. The purely steric origin of the colloidal stability of these nanoparticles is a strong asset for their use under conditions where electrostatics no longer provides colloidal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Leguy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Aminatou Diallo
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Jean-Luc Putaux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | | | - Laurent Heux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Bruno Jean
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV , 38000 Grenoble , France
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40
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Mao Y, Bleuel M, Lyu Y, Zhang X, Henderson D, Wang H, Briber RM. Phase Separation and Stack Alignment in Aqueous Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspension under Weak Magnetic Field. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:8042-8051. [PMID: 29957957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Isotropic-nematic (I-N) transitions in cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) suspension and self-assembled structures in the isotropic and nematic phases were investigated using scattering and microscopy methods. A CNC suspension with a mass fraction of 7.4% spontaneously phase separated into an isotropic phase of 6.9% in the top layer and a nematic phase of 7.9% in the bottom layer. In both the phases, the CNC particles formed stacks with an interparticle distance being of ≈37 nm. One-dimensional small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) profiles due to both phases could be fitted using a stacking model considering finite particle sizes. SANS and atomic force microscopy studies indicate that the nematic phase in the bottom layer contains more populations of larger particles. A weak magnetic field of ≈0.5 T was able to induce a preferred orientation of CNC stacks in the nematic phase, with the stack normals being aligned with the field (perpendicular to the long axis of CNC particles). The Hermans orientation parameter, ⟨ P2⟩, was ≈0.5 for the nematic phase; it remained unchanged during the relaxation process of ≈10 h. The fraction of oriented CNC populations decreased during the relaxation; dramatic decrease occurred in the first 3 h. The top layer remained isotropic in the weak field. Polarized microscopy studies revealed that the nematic phase was chiral. Adjacent particles in a stack form a twisting angle of ≈0.6 °, resulting in a helix pitch distance of ≈22 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Markus Bleuel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Yadong Lyu
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Doug Henderson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Howard Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Robert M Briber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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41
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Parker RM, Guidetti G, Williams CA, Zhao T, Narkevicius A, Vignolini S, Frka-Petesic B. The Self-Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals: Hierarchical Design of Visual Appearance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704477. [PMID: 29250832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
By controlling the interaction of biological building blocks at the nanoscale, natural photonic nanostructures have been optimized to produce intense coloration. Inspired by such biological nanostructures, the possibility to design the visual appearance of a material by guiding the hierarchical self-assembly of its constituent components, ideally using natural materials, is an attractive route for rationally designed, sustainable manufacturing. Within the large variety of biological building blocks, cellulose nanocrystals are one of the most promising biosourced materials, primarily for their abundance, biocompatibility, and ability to readily organize into photonic structures. Here, the mechanisms underlying the formation of iridescent, vividly colored materials from colloidal liquid crystal suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals are reviewed and recent advances in structural control over the hierarchical assembly process are reported as a toolbox for the design of sophisticated optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Giulia Guidetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Cyan A Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tianheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Aurimas Narkevicius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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42
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Huang S, Makarem M, Kiemle SN, Hamedi H, Sau M, Cosgrove DJ, Kim SH. Inhomogeneity of Cellulose Microfibril Assembly in Plant Cell Walls Revealed with Sum Frequency Generation Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:5006-5019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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De France KJ, Yager KG, Chan KJW, Corbett B, Cranston ED, Hoare T. Injectable Anisotropic Nanocomposite Hydrogels Direct in Situ Growth and Alignment of Myotubes. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:6487-6495. [PMID: 28956933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While injectable in situ cross-linking hydrogels have attracted increasing attention as minimally invasive tissue scaffolds and controlled delivery systems, their inherently disorganized and isotropic network structure limits their utility in engineering oriented biological tissues. Traditional methods to prepare anisotropic hydrogels are not easily translatable to injectable systems given the need for external equipment to direct anisotropic gel fabrication and/or the required use of temperatures or solvents incompatible with biological systems. Herein, we report a new class of injectable nanocomposite hydrogels based on hydrazone cross-linked poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) and magnetically aligned cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) capable of encapsulating skeletal muscle myoblasts and promoting their differentiation into highly oriented myotubes in situ. CNC alignment occurs on the same time scale as network gelation and remains fixed after the removal of the magnetic field, enabling concurrent CNC orientation and hydrogel injection. The aligned hydrogels show mechanical and swelling profiles that can be rationally modulated by the degree of CNC alignment and can direct myotube alignment both in two- and three-dimensions following coinjection of the myoblasts with the gel precursor components. As such, these hydrogels represent a critical advancement in anisotropic biomimetic scaffolds that can be generated noninvasively in vivo following simple injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J De France
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kevin G Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Katelyn J W Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Brandon Corbett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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44
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Frka-Petesic B, Guidetti G, Kamita G, Vignolini S. Controlling the Photonic Properties of Cholesteric Cellulose Nanocrystal Films with Magnets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1701469. [PMID: 28635143 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals is a powerful method for the fabrication of biosourced photonic films with a chiral optical response. While various techniques have been exploited to tune the optical properties of such systems, the presence of external fields has yet to be reported to significantly modify their optical properties. In this work, by using small commercial magnets (≈ 0.5-1.2 T) the orientation of the cholesteric domains is enabled to tune in suspension as they assemble into films. A detailed analysis of these films shows an unprecedented control of their angular response. This simple and yet powerful technique unlocks new possibilities in designing the visual appearance of such iridescent films, ranging from metallic to pixelated or matt textures, paving the way for the development of truly sustainable photonic pigments in coatings, cosmetics, and security labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Giulia Guidetti
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Gen Kamita
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, UK
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Frka-Petesic B, Radavidson H, Jean B, Heux L. Dynamically Controlled Iridescence of Cholesteric Cellulose Nanocrystal Suspensions Using Electric Fields. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606208. [PMID: 28112444 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystal suspensions in apolar solvent spontaneously form iridescent liquid-crystalline phases but the control of their macroscopic order is usually poor. The use of electric fields can provide control on the cholesteric orientation and its periodicity, allowing macroscopic sample homogeneity and dynamical tuning of their iridescent hues, and is demonstrated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Harisoa Radavidson
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Bruno Jean
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Heux
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
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46
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Reid MS, Villalobos M, Cranston ED. Benchmarking Cellulose Nanocrystals: From the Laboratory to Industrial Production. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1583-1598. [PMID: 27959566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The renewability, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have made them an attractive material for numerous composite, biomedical, and rheological applications. However, for CNCs to shift from a laboratory curiosity to commercial applications, researchers must transition from CNCs extracted on the bench scale to material produced on an industrial scale. There are a number of companies currently producing kilogram to ton per day quantities of sulfuric acid-hydrolyzed CNCs as well as other nanocelluloses, as described herein. With the recent intensification of industrially produced CNCs and the variety of cellulose sources, hydrolysis methods, and purification procedures, the characterization of these materials becomes critical. This has further been justified by the past two decades of research that demonstrate that the CNC stability and behavior are highly dependent on the surface chemistry, surface charge density, and particle size. This work outlines key test methods that should be employed to characterize these properties to ensure a "known" starting material and consistent performance. Of the sulfuric acid-extracted CNCs examined, industrially produced material compared well with laboratory-made CNCs, exhibiting similar charge density, colloidal and thermal stability, crystallinity, morphology, and self-assembly behavior. In addition, it was observed that further purification of CNCs using Soxhlet extraction in ethanol had minimal impact on the nanoparticle properties and is unlikely to be necessary for many applications. Overall, the current standing of industrially produced CNCs is positive, suggesting that the evolution to commercial-scale applications will not be hindered by CNC production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Reid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University Hamilton , Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Marco Villalobos
- Cabot Corporation, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University Hamilton , Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
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47
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Blell R, Lin X, Lindström T, Ankerfors M, Pauly M, Felix O, Decher G. Generating in-Plane Orientational Order in Multilayer Films Prepared by Spray-Assisted Layer-by-Layer Assembly. ACS NANO 2017; 11:84-94. [PMID: 28114762 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple yet efficient method for orienting cellulose nanofibrils in layer-by-layer assembled films through spray-assisted alignment. While spraying at 90° against a receiving surface produces films with homogeneous in-plane orientation, spraying at smaller angles causes a macroscopic directional surface flow of liquid on the receiving surface and leads to films with substantial in-plane anisotropy when nanoscale objects with anisotropic shapes are used as components. First results with cellulose nanofibrils demonstrate that such fibrils are easily aligned by grazing incidence spraying to yield optically birefringent films over large surface areas. We show that the cellulosic nanofibrils are oriented parallel to the spraying direction and that the orientational order depends for example on the distance of the receiving surface from the spray nozzle. The alignment of the nanofibrils and the in-plane anisotropy of the films were independently confirmed by atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy between crossed polarizers, and the ellipsometric determination of the apparent refractive index of the film as a function of the in-plane rotation of the sample with respect to the plane of incidence of the ellipsometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Blell
- CNRS Institut Charles Sadron , 23 Rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- CNRS Institut Charles Sadron , 23 Rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Tom Lindström
- Innventia AB , Drottning Kristinas väg 61, Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Ankerfors
- Innventia AB , Drottning Kristinas väg 61, Box 5604, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Pauly
- CNRS Institut Charles Sadron , 23 Rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg , 1 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Felix
- CNRS Institut Charles Sadron , 23 Rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gero Decher
- CNRS Institut Charles Sadron , 23 Rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg , 1 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67008 Strasbourg, France
- International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry , 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
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48
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Colloidal cholesteric liquid crystal in spherical confinement. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12520. [PMID: 27561545 PMCID: PMC5007446 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The organization of nanoparticles in constrained geometries is an area of fundamental and practical importance. Spherical confinement of nanocolloids leads to new modes of packing, self-assembly, phase separation and relaxation of colloidal liquids; however, it remains an unexplored area of research for colloidal liquid crystals. Here we report the organization of cholesteric liquid crystal formed by nanorods in spherical droplets. For cholesteric suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals, with progressive confinement, we observe phase separation into a micrometer-size isotropic droplet core and a cholesteric shell formed by concentric nanocrystal layers. Further confinement results in a transition to a bipolar planar cholesteric morphology. The distribution of polymer, metal, carbon or metal oxide nanoparticles in the droplets is governed by the nanoparticle size and yields cholesteric droplets exhibiting fluorescence, plasmonic properties and magnetic actuation. This work advances our understanding of how the interplay of order, confinement and topological defects affects the morphology of soft matter.
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49
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De France KJ, Yager KG, Hoare T, Cranston ED. Cooperative Ordering and Kinetics of Cellulose Nanocrystal Alignment in a Magnetic Field. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7564-71. [PMID: 27407001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are emerging nanomaterials that form chiral nematic liquid crystals above a critical concentration (C*) and additionally orient within electromagnetic fields. The control over CNC alignment is significant for materials processing and end use; to date, magnetic alignment has been demonstrated using only strong fields over extended or arbitrary time scales. This work investigates the effects of comparatively weak magnetic fields (0-1.2 T) and CNC concentration (1.65-8.25 wt %) on the kinetics and degree of CNC ordering using small-angle X-ray scattering. Interparticle spacing, correlation length, and orientation order parameters (η and S) increased with time and field strength following a sigmoidal profile. In a 1.2 T magnetic field for CNC suspensions above C*, partial alignment occurred in under 2 min followed by slower cooperative ordering to achieve nearly perfect alignment in under 200 min (S = -0.499 where S = -0.5 indicates perfect antialignment). At 0.56 T, nearly perfect alignment was also achieved, yet the ordering was 36% slower. Outside of a magnetic field, the order parameter plateaued at 52% alignment (S = -0.26) after 5 h, showcasing the drastic effects of relatively weak magnetic fields on CNC alignment. For suspensions below C*, no magnetic alignment was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J De France
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kevin G Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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