1
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Islam MS, Kedziora G, Lee J, Stafford A, Varshney V, Nepal D, Baldwin LA, Roy AK. Efficiency and Mechanism of Catalytic Siloxane Exchange in Vitrimer Polymers: Modeling and Density Functional Theory Investigations. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:5627-5636. [PMID: 38957945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Of late, siloxane-containing vitrimers have gained significant interest due to their fast dynamic characteristics over a reasonable temperature range (180-220 °C), making them well-suited for diverse applications. The exchange reaction pathway in the siloxane vitrimers is accountable for the covalent adaptive network, with the reaction's effectiveness being regulated by either organic or organometallic catalysts. However, directly studying the exchange reaction pathway in the bulk phase using experimental approaches is challenging because of the intricate and interconnected structure of these vitrimers. Here, we perform comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) and experimental investigations to discover the detailed catalytic efficacy of siloxane exchange and provide direction for the reaction process using a 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) catalyst. The calculated transition barrier energy and catalytic efficiency of hexamethyldisiloxane and dihydroxy-dimethylsilane exchange derived from the nudged elastic band with transition-state calculations strongly agree with the experimental findings. In addition, Fukui indices, along with partial charges, are employed to evaluate the nucleophilic and electrophilic behaviors of silanol and siloxane molecules. Our analysis revealed that by utilizing the Fukui indices of both the acid and the base, we can make an approximate estimation of the respective kinetics of the SN2 process in the siloxane exchange reaction mechanism. These findings establish a foundation for comprehending a crucial aspect of the exchange mechanism in siloxane vitrimer systems and could aid in the development of novel catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sherajul Islam
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
- Spectral Energies, LLC, Dayton, Ohio 45430, United States
| | - Gary Kedziora
- Inu Teq, LLC, NASA Ames Supercomputing Division, Moffet Field, Mountain View, California 94035, United States
- GDIT, AFRL/RC, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Jonghoon Lee
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
- ARCTOS Technology Solutions, Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Alex Stafford
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Vikas Varshney
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Dhriti Nepal
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Luke A Baldwin
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Ajit K Roy
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
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2
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Lei Z, Chen H, Huang S, Wayment LJ, Xu Q, Zhang W. New Advances in Covalent Network Polymers via Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7829-7906. [PMID: 38829268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Covalent network polymers, as materials composed of atoms interconnected by covalent bonds in a continuous network, are known for their thermal and chemical stability. Over the past two decades, these materials have undergone significant transformations, gaining properties such as malleability, environmental responsiveness, recyclability, crystallinity, and customizable porosity, enabled by the development and integration of dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC). In this review, we explore the innovative realm of covalent network polymers by focusing on the recent advances achieved through the application of DCvC. We start by examining the history and fundamental principles of DCvC, detailing its inception and core concepts and noting its key role in reversible covalent bond formation. Then the reprocessability of covalent network polymers enabled by DCvC is thoroughly discussed, starting from the significant milestones that marked the evolution of these polymers and progressing to their current trends and applications. The influence of DCvC on the crystallinity of covalent network polymers is then reviewed, covering their bond diversity, synthesis techniques, and functionalities. In the concluding section, we address the current challenges faced in the field of covalent network polymers and speculates on potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Hongxuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Shaofeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Lacey J Wayment
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Qiucheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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3
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Trachsel L, Stewart KA, Konar D, Hillman JD, Moerschel JA, Sumerlin BS. β-Triketones as Reactive Handles for Polymer Diversification via Dynamic Catalyst-Free Diketoenamine Click Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16257-16267. [PMID: 38832509 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The spontaneous condensation of amines with β-triketones (TK), forming β,β'-diketoenamines (DKE) and releasing water as the sole byproduct, exhibits many of the hallmarks of "click" reactions. Such characteristics render TKs as a highly advantageous platform for efficient polymer diversification, even in biological contexts. Leveraging reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) and photoiniferter polymerization of novel TK-containing vinylic monomers, we synthesized polymers containing pendent TKs with excellent control of molecular weights, even in excess of 106 g mol-1. Under mild, catalyst-free conditions, poly(β-triketone methacrylate) could be modified with a diverse scope of amines containing a plethora of functional groups. The high efficiency of this functionalization approach was further emphasized when grafting-to with poly(ethylene glycol)-amine resulting in bottlebrushes with molecular weights reaching 2.0 × 107 g mol-1. Critically, while the formed DKE linkages are stable under ambient conditions, they undergo catalyst-free, dynamic transamination at elevated temperatures, paving the way for associative covalent adaptable networks. Overall, we introduce pendent triketone moieties into methacrylate and acrylamide polymers, establishing a novel postpolymerization modification technique that facilitates catalyst-free ligation of amines under highly permissible conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucca Trachsel
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Kevin A Stewart
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Debabrata Konar
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Jason D Hillman
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Jack A Moerschel
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200, United States
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4
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Korotkov R, Shutov V, Orlov A, Bornosuz N, Kulemza D, Onuchin D, Shcherbina A, Gorbunova I, Sirotin I. The Kinetic Study of the Influence of Common Modifiers on the Curing Process of Epoxy Vitrimers. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:392. [PMID: 38337281 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
An analysis of the influence of common modifiers on the kinetics of the curing process of epoxy-anhydride vitrimers was carried out. As common modifiers to enhance the "vitrimeric" nature of the material, zinc acetylacetonate as a transesterification catalyst and glycerol as a modifier of hydroxyl group content were chosen. The curing process of all obtained compositions was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) followed by the application of the isoconversional approach. It was shown that additives significantly affect the curing process. The resulting cured polymers were shown to be chemically recyclable by dissolution in the mixture of ethylene glycol and N-methylpirrolidone in a volume ratio of nine to one. The introduction of both zinc acethylacetonate and glycerol to the neat formulation led to a decrease in the dissolution time by 85.7% (from 35 h for the neat epoxy-anhydride formulation to 5 h for the modified formulation). In order to show the opportunity of the secondary use of recyclates, the mixtures based on the basic composition containing 10 wt. % of secondary polymers were also studied. The introduction of a recycled material to neat composition led to the same curing behavior as glycerol-containing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Korotkov
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Vyacheslav Shutov
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Orlov
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Bornosuz
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Kulemza
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Onuchin
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Gorbunova
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Sirotin
- Faculty of Petrochemistry and Polymer Materials, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
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Dolinski ND, Tao R, Boynton NR, Kotula AP, Lindberg CA, Petersen KJ, Forster AM, Rowan SJ. Connecting Molecular Exchange Dynamics to Stress Relaxation in Phase-Separated Dynamic Covalent Networks. ACS Macro Lett 2024:174-180. [PMID: 38251912 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A suite of phase separated dynamic covalent networks based on highly tunable dynamic benzalcyanoacetate (BCA) thia-Michael acceptors are investigated. In situ kinetic studies on small molecule model systems are used in conjunction with macroscopic characterization of phase stability and stress relaxation to understand how the molecular dynamics relate to relaxation modes. Electronic modification of the BCA unit strongly impacts the exchange dynamics (particularly the rate of dissociation) and the overall equilibrium constant (Keq) of the system, with electron-withdrawing groups leading to decreased dissociation rate and increased Keq. Critically, below a chemistry-defined temperature cutoff (related to the stability of the hard phase domains), the stress relaxation behavior of these phase separated materials is dominated by the molecular exchange dynamics, allowing for networks with a tailored thermomechanical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Dolinski
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ran Tao
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Nicholas R Boynton
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Anthony P Kotula
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Charlie A Lindberg
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kyle J Petersen
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aaron M Forster
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Stuart J Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60434, United States
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6
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Lu H, Ye H, Zhang M, Liu Z, Zou H, You L. Photoswitchable dynamic conjugate addition-elimination reactions as a tool for light-mediated click and clip chemistry. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4015. [PMID: 37419874 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phototriggered click and clip reactions can endow chemical processes with high spatiotemporal resolution and sustainability, but are challenging with a limited scope. Herein we report photoswitchable reversible covalent conjugate addition-elimination reactions toward light-addressed modular covalent connection and disconnection. By coupling between photochromic dithienylethene switch and Michael acceptors, the reactivity of Michael reactions was tuned through closed-ring and open-ring forms of dithienylethene, allowing switching on and off dynamic exchange of a wide scope of thiol and amine nucleophiles. The breaking of antiaromaticity in transition states and enol intermediates of addition-elimination reactions provides the driving force for photoinduced change in kinetic barriers. To showcase the versatile application, light-mediated modification of solid surfaces, regulation of amphiphilic assemblies, and creation/degradation of covalent polymers on demand were achieved. The manipulation of dynamic click/clip reactions with light should set the stage for future endeavors, including responsive assemblies, biological delivery, and intelligent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Meilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zimu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hanxun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, 350002, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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7
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Chen H, Hu Y, Luo C, Lei Z, Huang S, Wu J, Jin Y, Yu K, Zhang W. Spiroborate-Linked Ionic Covalent Adaptable Networks with Rapid Reprocessability and Closed-Loop Recyclability. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9112-9117. [PMID: 37058550 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) represent a novel class of polymeric materials crosslinked by dynamic covalent bonds. Since their first discovery, CANs have attracted great attention due to their high mechanical strength and stability like conventional thermosets under service conditions and easy reprocessability like thermoplastics under certain external stimuli. Here, we report the first example of ionic covalent adaptable networks (ICANs), a type of crosslinked ionomers, consisting of negatively charged backbone structures. More specifically, two ICANs with different backbone compositions were prepared through spiroborate chemistry. Given the dynamic nature of the spiroborate linkages, the resulting ionomer thermosets display rapid reprocessability and closed-loop recyclability under mild conditions. The materials mechanically broken into smaller pieces can be reprocessed into coherent solids at 120 °C within only 1 min with nearly 100% recovery of the mechanical properties. Upon treating the ICANs with dilute hydrochloric acid at room temperature, the valuable monomers can be easily chemically recycled in almost quantitative yield. This work demonstrates the great potential of spiroborate bonds as a novel dynamic ionic linkage for development of new reprocessable and recyclable ionomer thermosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yiming Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Chaoqian Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, United States
| | - Zepeng Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Shaofeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yinghua Jin
- RockyTech, Ltd., Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Ratzenböck K, Fischer SM, Slugovc C. Poly(ether)s derived from oxa-Michael polymerization: a comprehensive review. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-023-03049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPoly(ether)s represent an important class of polymers and are typically formed by ring-opening polymerization, Williamson ether synthesis, or self-condensation of alcohols. The oxa-Michael reaction presents another method to form poly(ether)s with additional functional groups in the polymer backbone starting from di- or triols and electron deficient olefins such as acrylates, sulfones, or acrylamides. However, research on oxa-Michael polymerization is still limited. Herein, we outline the principles of the oxa-Michael polymerization and focus on the synthesis and preparation of poly(ether-sulfone)s, poly(ether-ester)s, poly(ether)s, and poly(ether-amide)s. Further, challenges as well as future perspectives of the oxa-Michael polymerization are discussed.
Graphical abstract
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9
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Kuenstler AS, Hernandez JJ, Trujillo-Lemon M, Osterbaan A, Bowman CN. Vat Photopolymerization Additive Manufacturing of Tough, Fully Recyclable Thermosets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11111-11121. [PMID: 36795439 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To advance the capabilities of additive manufacturing, novel resin formulations are needed that produce high-fidelity parts with desired mechanical properties that are also amenable to recycling. In this work, a thiol-ene-based system incorporating semicrystallinity and dynamic thioester bonds within polymer networks is presented. It is shown that these materials have ultimate toughness values >16 MJ cm-3, comparable to high-performance literature precedents. Significantly, the treatment of these networks with excess thiols facilitates thiol-thioester exchange that degrades polymerized networks into functional oligomers. These oligomers are shown to be amenable to repolymerization into constructs with varying thermomechanical properties, including elastomeric networks that recover their shape fully from >100% strain. Using a commercial stereolithographic printer, these resin formulations are printed into functional objects including both stiff (E ∼ 10-100 MPa) and soft (E ∼ 1-10 MPa) lattice structures. Finally, it is shown that the incorporation of both dynamic chemistry and crystallinity further enables advancement in the properties and characteristics of printed parts, including attributes such as self-healing and shape-memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa S Kuenstler
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Juan J Hernandez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Marianela Trujillo-Lemon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Alexander Osterbaan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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10
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Lee G, Song HY, Choi S, Kim CB, Hyun K, Ahn SK. Harnessing β-Hydroxyl Groups in Poly(β-Amino Esters) toward Robust and Fast Reprocessing Covalent Adaptable Networks. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyuri Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Yong Song
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Subi Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Bin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-kyun Ahn
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
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11
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Liang H, Kuang Q, Hu C, Chen J, Lu X, Huang Y, Yan H. Construction of durable superhydrophobic and anti-icing coatings via incorporating boroxine cross-linked silicone elastomers with good self-healability. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8238-8250. [PMID: 36274264 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fragility of the micro-nano structure makes superhydrophobic coatings highly susceptible to stress, resulting in a decrease in their superhydrophobic and anti-icing performance. In this work, we proposed a new insight to improve durability by incorporating a thin layer of self-healable elastomer with a dynamic network on the micro-nano structure. We constructed superhydrophobic coatings (EP/SiO2/BFVSE) with a three-layered structure of the epoxy resin/silica nanoparticle/silicon elastomer. The silicon elastomer (BFVES) with a B-O dynamic cross-linked network and fluorinated moieties was synthesized by graft polymerization on vinyl silicon oil. The preparation route is facile and convenient for mass production. BFVES has rapid self-healing properties for scratches at room-temperature, underwater and at -18 °C. EP/SiO2/BFVSE preserved apparently higher CAs after being immersed in pH = 1, pH = 13, and NaCl solutions for 96 h as compared with the EP/SiO2 coating. In a water striking environment, the CA of EP/SiO2/BFVSE was slightly decreased to 153°. SEM images further reveal that the recovery of superhydrophobicity and icephobicity is attributed to the self-healing behavior of the boroxine-containing silicon elastomer. The EP/SiO2/BFVSE coating also possesses additional self-healing ability under chemical oxidation. The high durability of the self-healable superhydrophobic coating enables great application potential in aircraft, marine vessels, and outdoor facilities in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengfei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Qi Kuang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Chengyao Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Mianyang Maxwell Technology Co., Ltd, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Mianyang Maxwell Technology Co., Ltd, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yawen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Mianyang Maxwell Technology Co., Ltd, Mianyang 621010, China
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12
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Thiol-divinylbenzene: a thiol-ene system with high storage stability. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Thia-Michael Reaction: The Route to Promising Covalent Adaptable Networks. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204457. [PMID: 36298037 PMCID: PMC9609322 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While the Michael addition has been employed for more than 130 years for the synthesis of a vast diversity of compounds, the reversibility of this reaction when heteronucleophiles are involved has been generally less considered. First applied to medicinal chemistry, the reversible character of the hetero-Michael reactions has recently been explored for the synthesis of Covalent Adaptable Networks (CANs), in particular the thia-Michael reaction and more recently the aza-Michael reaction. In these cross-linked networks, exchange reactions take place between two Michael adducts by successive dissociation and association steps. In order to understand and precisely control the exchange in these CANs, it is necessary to get an insight into the critical parameters influencing the Michael addition and the dissociation rates of Michael adducts by reconsidering previous studies on these matters. This review presents the progress in the understanding of the thia-Michael reaction over the years as well as the latest developments and plausible future directions to prepare CANs based on this reaction. The potential of aza-Michael reaction for CANs application is highlighted in a specific section with comparison with thia-Michael-based CANs.
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14
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Thermally remendable, weldable, and recyclable epoxy network crosslinked with reversible Diels-alder bonds. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Hubbard AM, Ren Y, Sarvestani A, Konkolewicz D, Picu CR, Roy AK, Varshney V, Nepal D. Recyclability of Vitrimer Materials: Impact of Catalyst and Processing Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29125-29134. [PMID: 36033717 PMCID: PMC9404514 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With sustainability at the forefront of material research, recyclable polymers, such as vitrimers, have garnered increasing attention since their introduction in 2011. In addition to a traditional glass-transition temperature (T g), vitrimers have a second topology freezing temperature (T v) above which dynamic covalent bonds allow for rapid stress relaxation, self-healing, and shape reprogramming. Herein, we demonstrate the self-healing, shape memory, and shape reconfigurability properties as a function of experimental conditions, aiming toward recyclability and increased useful lifetime of the material. Of interest, we report the influence of processing conditions, which makes the material vulnerable to degradation. We report a decreased crosslink density with increased thermal cycling and compressive stress. Furthermore, we demonstrate that shape reconfigurability and self-healing are enhanced with increasing compressive stress and catalyst concentration, while their performance as a shape memory material remains unchanged. Though increasing the catalyst concentration, temperature, and compressive stress clearly enhances the recovery performance of vitrimers, we must emphasize its trade-off when considering the material degradation reported here. While vitrimers hold great promise as structural materials, it is vital to understand how experimental parameters impact their properties, stability, and reprocessability before vitrimers reach their true potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Hubbard
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force
Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- National
Research Council Research Associate, Air
Force Research Laboratory, Wright
Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Yixin Ren
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force
Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
- ARCTOS, Beavercreek, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Alireza Sarvestani
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia 31207, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Catalin R. Picu
- Department
of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Ajit K. Roy
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force
Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Vikas Varshney
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force
Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Dhriti Nepal
- Materials
and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force
Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson
Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
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16
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Debsharma T, Amfilochiou V, Wróblewska AA, De Baere I, Van Paepegem W, Du Prez FE. Fast Dynamic Siloxane Exchange Mechanism for Reshapable Vitrimer Composites. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12280-12289. [PMID: 35758403 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To develop siloxane-containing vitrimers with fast dynamic characteristics, different mechanistic pathways have been investigated using a range of catalysts. In particular, one siloxane exchange pathway has been found to show a fast dynamic behavior in a useful temperature range (180-220 °C) for its application in vitrimers. The mechanism is found to involve 1,5,7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0] dec-5-ene (TBD) as an organic catalyst in the presence of hydroxyl groups. Using this new mechanistic approach, vitrimers with ultrafast stress-relaxation characteristics (relaxation times below 10 s) have been prepared with a readily available epoxy resin and siloxane-amine hardener. Subsequently, the low viscosity siloxane-containing vitrimer resin enabled the preparation of glass fiber-reinforced vitrimer composites using an industrially relevant vacuum-assisted resin infusion technique. The resulting composite was successfully thermoformed into a new shape, which makes it possible to envision a second life for such highly engineered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Debsharma
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Virginia Amfilochiou
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, Zwijnaarde 9052 , Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Alicja Wróblewska
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Ives De Baere
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, Zwijnaarde 9052 , Belgium
| | - Wim Van Paepegem
- Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, Zwijnaarde 9052 , Belgium
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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17
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Berne D, Caillol S, Ladmiral V, Leclerc E. Synthesis of polyester thermosets via internally catalyzed Michael-addition of methylene compounds on a 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylate-derived building block. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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FitzSimons TM, Anslyn EV, Rosales AM. Effect of pH on the Properties of Hydrogels Cross-Linked via Dynamic Thia-Michael Addition Bonds. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:129-136. [PMID: 35445216 PMCID: PMC9011390 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Hydrogels cross-linked
with dynamic covalent bonds exhibit time-dependent
properties, making them an advantageous platform for applications
ranging from biomaterials to self-healing networks. However, the relationship
between the cross-link exchange kinetics, material properties, and
stability of these platforms is not fully understood, especially upon
addition of external stimuli. In this work, pH was used as a handle
to manipulate cross-link exchange kinetics and control the resulting
hydrogel mechanics and stability in a physiologically relevant window.
Poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels were cross-linked with a reversible
thia-Michael addition reaction in aqueous buffer between pH 3 and
pH 7. The rate constants of bond exchange and equilibrium constants
were determined for each pH value, and these data were correlated
with the resulting mechanical profiles of the bulk hydrogels. With
increasing pH, both the forward and the reverse rate constants increased,
while the equilibrium constant decreased. These changes led to faster
stress relaxation and less stiff hydrogels at more basic pH values.
The elevated pH values also led to an increased mass loss and a faster
rate of release of an encapsulated model bovine serum albumin fluorescent
protein. The connection between the kinetics, mechanics, and molecular
release profiles provides important insight into the structure–property
relationships of dynamic covalent hydrogels, and this system offers
a promising platform for controlled release between physiologically
relevant pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M FitzSimons
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Adrianne M Rosales
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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19
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Pettazzoni L, Leonelli F, Martinelli A, Migneco LM, Alfano S, Di Luca D, Celio L, Di Lisio V. Transamidation‐based vitrimers from renewable sources. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sara Alfano
- Department of Chemistry Sapienza Università di Roma Rome
| | | | - Lorenzo Celio
- Department of Chemistry Sapienza Università di Roma Rome
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20
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Saed M, Gablier A, Terentjev EM. Exchangeable Liquid Crystalline Elastomers and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4927-4945. [PMID: 33596647 PMCID: PMC8915166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This Review presents and discusses the current state of the art in "exchangeable liquid crystalline elastomers", that is, LCE materials utilizing dynamically cross-linked networks capable of reprocessing, reprogramming, and recycling. The focus here is on the chemistry and the specific reaction mechanisms that enable the dynamic bond exchange, of which there is a variety. We compare and contrast these different chemical mechanisms and the key properties of their resulting elastomers. In the conclusion, we discuss the most promising applications that are enabled by dynamic cross-linking and present a summary table: a library of currently available materials and their main characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohand
O. Saed
- Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Alexandra Gablier
- Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Eugene M. Terentjev
- Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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21
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Berne D, Cuminet F, Lemouzy S, Joly-Duhamel C, Poli R, Caillol S, Leclerc E, Ladmiral V. Catalyst-Free Epoxy Vitrimers Based on Transesterification Internally Activated by an α–CF3 Group. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Berne
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Florian Cuminet
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex
4, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Leclerc
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
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22
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Cheng K, Chortos A, Lewis JA, Clarke DR. Photoswitchable Covalent Adaptive Networks Based on Thiol-Ene Elastomers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:4552-4561. [PMID: 35006669 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Covalent adaptive networks combine the advantages of cross-linked elastomers and dynamic bonding in a single system. In this work, we demonstrate a simple one-pot method to prepare thiol-ene elastomers that exhibit reversible photoinduced switching from an elastomeric gel to fluid state. This behavior can be generalized to thiol-ene cross-linked elastomers composed of different backbone chemistries (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylene glycol, and polyurethane) and vinyl groups (e.g., allyl, vinyl ether, and acrylate). Photoswitching from the gel to fluid state occurs in seconds upon exposure to UV light and can be repeated over at least 180 cycles. These thiol-ene elastomers also exhibit the ability to heal, remold, and serve as reversible adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezi Cheng
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Alex Chortos
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jennifer A Lewis
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - David R Clarke
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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23
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Liu W, Yang S, Huang L, Xu J, Zhao N. Dynamic covalent polymers enabled by reversible isocyanate chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12399-12417. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04747k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reversible isocyanate chemistry containing urethane, thiourethane, and urea bonds is valuable for designing dynamic covalent polymers to achieve promising applications in recycling, self-healing, shape morphing, 3D printing, and composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shijia Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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24
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Berne D, Coste G, Morales-Cerrada R, Boursier M, Pinaud J, Ladmiral V, Caillol S. Taking advantage of β-hydroxy amine enhanced reactivity and functionality for the synthesis of dual covalent adaptable networks. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00274d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study highlights the potential of β-hydroxy amines as building blocks for aza-Michael CANs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Berne
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Guilhem Coste
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Julien Pinaud
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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25
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Zhang J, Shang C, Yu Z, Wang L, Tang J, Huang F. Effect of the Crosslinking Degree on Self-Healing Poly(1,2,3-Triazolium) Adhesive. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100236. [PMID: 34418203 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent materials are a class of polymer that could be stress-relaxation, reprocessable, and self-healing due to dynamic crosslinks in network. Dynamic crosslinks play an important role in the typical characteristic of self-healing polymers. It is meaningful to understand the effect of crosslinking degree on the properties of poly(1,2,3-triazolium) (PTAM). In this article, the dynamic covalent network of PTAM adhesive has been used to study the effect of crosslinking degree. A series of PTAM adhesive with different crosslinking degrees have been obtained by changing the amount of crosslinker. Adhesion property can first rise then fall down with the increase of crosslinking degree and the best lap-shear strength is above 20 MPa. Creep resistance and solvent resistance can be enhanced with the increase of crosslinking degree. Self-healing studies have shown that crosslinking degree can enhance the ability of self-healing, but too high crosslinking degree raises the temperature of self-healing and causes side reaction which reduces the self-healing efficiency. These results provide some insights for the influence of the crosslinking degree on the self-healing and the structural design of dynamic covalent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chengyuan Shang
- Research and Application Center for Structural Composites, Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology, Beijing, 100076, China
| | - Zhuoer Yu
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Linxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Junkun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Farong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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26
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Li LG, Wang QY, Zheng QY, Du FS, Li ZC. Tough and Thermally Recyclable Semiaromatic Polyesters by Ring-Opening Polymerization of Benzo-thia-caprolactones. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Gao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi-Yuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiu-Yang Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zi-Chen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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27
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Huang S, Kim K, Musgrave GM, Sharp M, Sinha J, Stansbury JW, Musgrave CB, Bowman CN. Determining Michael Acceptor Reactivity from Kinetic, Mechanistic, and Computational Analysis for the Base-catalyzed Thiol-Michael Reaction. Polym Chem 2021; 12:3619-3628. [PMID: 34484433 PMCID: PMC8409055 DOI: 10.1039/d1py00363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combined experimental and computational study of the reactivities of seven commonly used Michael acceptors paired with two thiols within the framework of photobase-catalyzed thiol-Michael reactions is reported. The rate coefficients of the propagation (kP), reverse propagation (k-P), chain-transfer (kCT), and overall reaction (koverall) were experimentally determined and compared with the well-accepted electrophilicity parameters of Mayr and Parr, and DFT-calculated energetics. Both Mayr's and Parr's electrophilicity parameters predict the reactivities of these structurally varying vinyl functional groups well, covering a range of overall reaction rate coefficients from 0.5 to 6.2 s-1. To gain insight into the individual steps, the relative energies have been calculated using DFT for each of the stationary points along this step-growth reaction between ethanethiol and the seven alkenes. The free energies of the individual steps reveal the underlying factors that control the reaction barriers for propagation and chain transfer. Both the propagation and chain transfer steps are under kinetic control. These results serve as a useful guide for Michael acceptor selection to design and predict thiol-Michael-based materials with appropriate kinetic and material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Kangmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Grant M Musgrave
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Marcus Sharp
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Jasmine Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Stansbury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- School of Dental Medicine, Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Charles B Musgrave
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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28
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Taplan C, Guerre M, Du Prez FE. Covalent Adaptable Networks Using β-Amino Esters as Thermally Reversible Building Blocks. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9140-9150. [PMID: 34121401 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, β-amino esters, prepared by the aza-Michael addition of an amine to an acrylate moiety, are investigated as building blocks for the formation of dynamic covalent networks. While such amino esters are usually considered as thermally nondynamic adducts, the kinetic model studies presented here show that dynamic covalent exchange occurs via both dynamic aza-Michael reaction and catalyst-free transesterification. This knowledge is transferred to create β-amino ester-based covalent adaptable networks (CANs) with coexisting dissociative and associative covalent dynamic exchange reactions. The ease, robustness, and versatility of this chemistry are demonstrated by using a variety of readily available multifunctional acrylates and amines. The presented CANs are reprocessed via either a dynamic aza-Michael reaction or a catalyst-free transesterification in the presence of hydroxyl moieties. This results in reprocessable, densely cross-linked materials with a glass transition temperature (Tg) ranging from -60 to 90 °C. Moreover, even for the low Tg materials, a high creep resistance was demonstrated at elevated temperatures up to 80 °C. When additional β-hydroxyl group-containing building blocks are applied during the network design, an enhanced neighboring group participation effect allows reprocessing of materials up to 10 times at 150 °C within 30 min while maintaining their material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Taplan
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Center of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Marc Guerre
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Center of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium.,Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5623, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Center of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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29
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Gomez EF, Wanasinghe SV, Flynn AE, Dodo OJ, Sparks JL, Baldwin LA, Tabor CE, Durstock MF, Konkolewicz D, Thrasher CJ. 3D-Printed Self-Healing Elastomers for Modular Soft Robotics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28870-28877. [PMID: 34124888 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in materials, designs, and controls are propelling the field of soft robotics at an incredible rate; however, current methods for prototyping soft robots remain cumbersome and struggle to incorporate desirable geometric complexity. Herein, a vat photopolymerizable self-healing elastomer system capable of extreme elongations up to 1000% is presented. The material is formed from a combination of thiol/acrylate mixed chain/step-growth polymerizations and uses a combination of physical processes and dynamic-bond exchange via thioethers to achieve full self-healing capacity over multiple damage/healing cycles. These elastomers can be three dimensional (3D) printed with modular designs capable of healing together to form highly complex and large functional soft robots. Additionally, these materials show reprogrammable resting shapes and compatibility with self-healing liquid metal electronics. Using these capabilities, subcomponents with multiple internal channel systems were printed, healed together, and combined with functional liquid metals to form a high-wattage pneumatic switch and a humanoid-scale soft robotic gripper. The combination of 3D printing and self-healing elastomeric materials allows for facile production of support-free parts with extreme complexity, resulting in a paradigm shift for the construction of modular soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot F Gomez
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Shiwanka V Wanasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Alex E Flynn
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Obed J Dodo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Jessica L Sparks
- Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, 650 E High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Luke A Baldwin
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Christopher E Tabor
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Michael F Durstock
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Carl J Thrasher
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
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30
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Herbert KM, Dolinski ND, Boynton NR, Murphy JG, Lindberg CA, Sibener SJ, Rowan SJ. Controlling the Morphology of Dynamic Thia-Michael Networks to Target Pressure-Sensitive and Hot Melt Adhesives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:27471-27480. [PMID: 34086431 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of multistage (pressure-sensitive/hot melt) adhesives utilizing dynamic thia-Michael bonding motifs are reported. The benzalcyanoacetate Michael acceptors used in this work undergo bond exchange under ambient conditions without external catalysis, facilitating pressure-sensitive adhesion. A key feature of this system is the dynamic reaction-induced phase separation that lends reinforcement to the otherwise weakly bonded materials, enabling weak, repeatable pressure-sensitive adhesion under ambient conditions and strong adhesion when processed as a hot melt adhesive. By using different pairs of benzalcyanoacetate cross-linking units, the phase separation characteristics of the adhesives can be directly manipulated, allowing for a tailored adhesive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Herbert
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Neil D Dolinski
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Nicholas R Boynton
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Julia G Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Charlie A Lindberg
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - S J Sibener
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stuart J Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60434, United States
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31
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Chakma P, Wanasinghe SV, Morley CN, Francesconi SC, Saito K, Sparks JL, Konkolewicz D. Heat- and Light-Responsive Materials Through Pairing Dynamic Thiol-Michael and Coumarin Chemistry. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100070. [PMID: 33960058 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) based on the thiol-Michael (TM) linkages can be thermal and pH responsive. Here, a new vinyl-sulfone-based thiol-Michael crosslinker is synthesized and incorporated into acrylate-based CANs to achieve stable materials with dynamic properties. Because of the reversible TM linkages, excellent temperature-responsive re-healing and malleability properties are achieved. In addition, for the first time, a photoresponsive coumarin moiety is incorporated with TM-based CANs to introduce light-mediated reconfigureability and postpolymerization crosslinking. Overall, these materials can be on demand dynamic in response to heat and light but can retain mechanical stability at ambient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Progyateg Chakma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Shiwanka V Wanasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Colleen N Morley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Sebastian C Francesconi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Kei Saito
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Higashi-Ichijo-Kan, Yoshida-nakaadachicho 1, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8306, Japan
| | - Jessica L Sparks
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, 650 E High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
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32
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Tan YJ, Susanto GJ, Anwar Ali HP, Tee BCK. Progress and Roadmap for Intelligent Self-Healing Materials in Autonomous Robotics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2002800. [PMID: 33346389 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Robots are increasingly assisting humans in performing various tasks. Like special agents with elite skills, they can venture to distant locations and adverse environments, such as the deep sea and outer space. Micro/nanobots can also act as intrabody agents for healthcare applications. Self-healing materials that can autonomously perform repair functions are useful to address the unpredictability of the environment and the increasing drive toward the autonomous operation. Having self-healable robotic materials can potentially reduce costs, electronic wastes, and improve a robot endowed with such materials longevity. This review aims to serve as a roadmap driven by past advances and inspire future cross-disciplinary research in robotic materials and electronics. By first charting the history of self-healing materials, new avenues are provided to classify the various self-healing materials proposed over several decades. The materials and strategies for self-healing in robotics and stretchable electronics are also reviewed and discussed. It is believed that this article encourages further innovation in this exciting and emerging branch in robotics interfacing with material science and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jun Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Institute of Innovation in Health Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Glenys Jocelin Susanto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Hashina Parveen Anwar Ali
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Benjamin C K Tee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Institute of Innovation in Health Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute of Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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33
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Zhang L, Liu Z, Sun L, Xiao L, Guan Q, You Z. Simple Solvent-Free Strategy for Synthesizing Covalent Adaptable Networks from Commodity Vinyl Monomers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zenghe Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qingbao Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
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34
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35
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Zhang Y, Wu Y, Li J, Zhang K. Catalyst-free room-temperature self-healing polymer networks based on dynamic covalent quinone methide-secondary amine chemistry. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00957e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel type of dynamic covalent polymer network with a catalyst-free room-temperature self-healing ability was developed on a new dynamic covalent chemistry of aza-Michael addition between para-quinone methide and secondary amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxing Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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36
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Gao H, Sun Y, Wang M, Wu B, Han G, Jin L, Zhang K, Xia Y. Self-healable and reprocessable acrylate-based elastomers with exchangeable disulfide crosslinks by thiol-ene click chemistry. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Wanasinghe SV, Schreiber EM, Thompson AM, Sparks JL, Konkolewicz D. Dynamic covalent chemistry for architecture changing interpenetrated and single networks. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic single and interpenetrated materials were developed, with post polymerization network exchange enhancing the material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam M. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Jessica L. Sparks
- Department of Chemical
- Paper and Biomedical Engineering
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
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38
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Feng X, Li G. Versatile Phosphate Diester-Based Flame Retardant Vitrimers via Catalyst-Free Mixed Transesterification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:57486-57496. [PMID: 33302619 PMCID: PMC7760087 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a new vitrimer system integrated with UV curability, recyclability, and flame retardancy. Energy-efficiency, sustainability, and safety have been required features for next-generation polymer materials. Various attempts have been made to endow thermoset polymers with rapid prototyping capacity, recyclability, and flame retardancy. Thermoset vitrimers based on covalent adaptable networks (CANs) are recyclable and remoldable but are generally not UV curable or flame retardant. Here, we present a conceptually novel option to achieve fast exchange reactions in CANs via catalyst-free mixed transesterification of a UV curable phosphate diester-based acrylate cross-linker. In this system, the phosphate diesters serve as reversible covalent bonds, hydrogen bonding ligands, and flame-retardant structures, while acrylate groups serve as UV curable units as well as transesterification collaborators. After the facile UV curing, an intrinsic flame-retardant and mechanically strong dynamic network was achieved due to abundant hydrogen bonds between P-OH and C═O structures. Additionally, this highly cross-linked network exhibited an attractive recyclability even at temperatures lower than Tg. This phosphate diester-based mixed transesterification concept represents an efficient approach for developing multifunctional vitrimers and can also be generalized into other thermally cured polymer systems.
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39
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Xiang L, Liu X, He Y, Zhang K. Eye-Readable Dynamic Covalent Click Reaction and Its Application in Polymer Synthesis. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lue Xiang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuxiang He
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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40
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Fan B, Zhang K, Liu Q, Eelkema R. Self-Healing Injectable Polymer Hydrogel via Dynamic Thiol-Alkynone Double Addition Cross-Links. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:776-780. [PMID: 32566386 PMCID: PMC7301763 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of dynamic thiol-alkynone double addition cross-links in a polymer network enable the formation of a self-healing injectable polymer hydrogel. A four-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) tetra-thiol star polymer is cross-linked by a small molecule alkynone via the thiol-alkynone double adduct to generate a hydrogel network under ambient aqueous conditions (buffer pH = 7.4 or 8.2, room temperature). The mechanical properties of these hydrogels can be easily tuned by varying the concentration of polymer precursors. Through the dynamic thiol-alkynone double addition cross-link, these hydrogels are self-healing and shear thinning, as demonstrated by rheological measurements, macroscopic self-healing, and injection tests. These hydrogels can be injected through a 20G syringe needle and recover after extrusion. In addition, good cytocompatibility of these hydrogels is confirmed by cytotoxicity test. This work shows the application of the thiol-alkynone double addition dynamic covalent chemistry in the straightforward preparation of self-healing injectable hydrogels, which may find future biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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41
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FitzSimons TM, Oentoro F, Shanbhag TV, Anslyn EV, Rosales AM. Preferential Control of Forward Reaction Kinetics in Hydrogels Crosslinked with Reversible Conjugate Additions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. FitzSimons
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Felicia Oentoro
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Tej V. Shanbhag
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Adrianne M. Rosales
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1589, United States
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42
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Konuray O, Fernández-Francos X, De la Flor S, Ramis X, Serra À. The Use of Click-Type Reactions in the Preparation of Thermosets. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1084. [PMID: 32397509 PMCID: PMC7285069 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Click chemistry has emerged as an effective polymerization method to obtain thermosets with enhanced properties for advanced applications. In this article, commonly used click reactions have been reviewed, highlighting their advantages in obtaining homogeneous polymer networks. The basic concepts necessary to understand network formation via click reactions, together with their main characteristics, are explained comprehensively. Some of the advanced applications of thermosets obtained by this methodology are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Konuray
- Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.K.); (X.F.-F.); (X.R.)
| | - Xavier Fernández-Francos
- Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.K.); (X.F.-F.); (X.R.)
| | - Silvia De la Flor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Xavier Ramis
- Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.K.); (X.F.-F.); (X.R.)
| | - Àngels Serra
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, c/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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43
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Herbert KM, Getty PT, Dolinski ND, Hertzog JE, de Jong D, Lettow JH, Romulus J, Onorato JW, Foster EM, Rowan SJ. Dynamic reaction-induced phase separation in tunable, adaptive covalent networks. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5028-5036. [PMID: 34122959 PMCID: PMC8159224 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00605j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of catalyst-free, room temperature dynamic bonds derived from a reversible thia-Michael reaction are utilized to access mechanically robust dynamic covalent network films. The equilibrium of the thiol addition to benzalcyanoacetate-based Michael-acceptors can be directly tuned by controlling the electron-donating/withdrawing nature of the Michael-acceptor. By modulating the composition of different Michael-acceptors in a dynamic covalent network, a wide range of mechanical properties and thermal responses can be realized. Additionally, the reported systems phase-separate in a process, coined dynamic reaction-induced phase separation (DRIPS), that yields reconfigurable phase morphologies and reprogrammable shape-memory behaviour as highlighted by the heat-induced folding of a predetermined structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Herbert
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Patrick T Getty
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Neil D Dolinski
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Jerald E Hertzog
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Derek de Jong
- The University of Chicago Laboratory Schools 1362 E. 59th St. Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - James H Lettow
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Joy Romulus
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Jonathan W Onorato
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Elizabeth M Foster
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Stuart J Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont IL 60434 USA
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44
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Podgórski M, Fairbanks BD, Kirkpatrick BE, McBride M, Martinez A, Dobson A, Bongiardina NJ, Bowman CN. Toward Stimuli-Responsive Dynamic Thermosets through Continuous Development and Improvements in Covalent Adaptable Networks (CANs). ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906876. [PMID: 32057157 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs), unlike typical thermosets or other covalently crosslinked networks, possess a unique, often dormant ability to activate one or more forms of stimuli-responsive, dynamic covalent chemistries as a means to transition their behavior from that of a viscoelastic solid to a material with fluid-like plastic flow. Upon application of a stimulus, such as light or other irradiation, temperature, or even a distinct chemical signal, the CAN responds by transforming to a state of temporal plasticity through activation of either reversible addition or reversible bond exchange, either of which allows the material to essentially re-equilibrate to an altered set of conditions that are distinct from those in which the original covalently crosslinked network is formed, often simultaneously enabling a new and distinct shape, function, and characteristics. As such, CANs span the divide between thermosets and thermoplastics, thus offering unprecedented possibilities for innovation in polymer and materials science. Without attempting to comprehensively review the literature, recent developments in CANs are discussed here with an emphasis on the most effective dynamic chemistries that render these materials to be stimuli responsive, enabling features that make CANs more broadly applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Podgórski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB 596, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curia-Sklodowska University, pl. Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej 5, Lublin, 20-031, Poland
| | - Benjamin D Fairbanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB 596, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Bruce E Kirkpatrick
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Matthew McBride
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB 596, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Alina Martinez
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Adam Dobson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB 596, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bongiardina
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB 596, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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45
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Podgórski M, Mavila S, Huang S, Spurgin N, Sinha J, Bowman CN. Thiol–Anhydride Dynamic Reversible Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Podgórski
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
- Department of Polymer ChemistryMaria Curie-Sklodowska University pl. Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej 5 20-031 Lublin Poland
| | - Sudheendran Mavila
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Sijia Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Nathan Spurgin
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Jasmine Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
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46
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Podgórski M, Mavila S, Huang S, Spurgin N, Sinha J, Bowman CN. Thiol–Anhydride Dynamic Reversible Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9345-9349. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Podgórski
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
- Department of Polymer ChemistryMaria Curie-Sklodowska University pl. Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej 5 20-031 Lublin Poland
| | - Sudheendran Mavila
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Sijia Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Nathan Spurgin
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Jasmine Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
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47
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Zhang Y, Qi Y, Ulrich S, Barboiu M, Ramström O. Dynamic Covalent Polymers for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS 2020; 4:489-506. [PMID: 33791102 PMCID: PMC8009197 DOI: 10.1039/c9qm00598f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of supramolecular polymer chemistry and constitutional dynamic chemistry over the last decades has made tremendous impact on the emergence of dynamic covalent polymers. These materials are formed through reversible covalent bonds, endowing them with adaptive and responsive features that have resulted in high interest throughout the community. Owing to their intriguing properties, such as self-healing, shape-memory effects, recyclability, degradability, stimuli-responsiveness, etc., the materials have found multiple uses in a wide range of areas. Of special interest is their increasing use for biomedical applications, and many examples have been demonstrated in recent years. These materials have thus been used for the recognition and sensing of biologically active compounds, for the modulation of enzyme activity, for gene delivery, and as materials for cell culture, delivery, and wound-dressing. In this review, some of these endeavors are discussed, highlighting the many advantages and unique properties of dynamic covalent polymers for use in biology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yunchuan Qi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave. Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université of Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Institut Européen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave. Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden
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Van Herck N, Maes D, Unal K, Guerre M, Winne JM, Du Prez FE. Covalent Adaptable Networks with Tunable Exchange Rates Based on Reversible Thiol–yne Cross‐Linking. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Van Herck
- Polymer Chemistry Research GroupCenter of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis) 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Diederick Maes
- Polymer Chemistry Research GroupCenter of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis) 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Kamil Unal
- Polymer Chemistry Research GroupCenter of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis) 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Laboratory for Organic SynthesisDepartment of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4) 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Marc Guerre
- Polymer Chemistry Research GroupCenter of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis) 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Laboratoire des IMRCPUniversité de ToulouseCNRS UMR 5623Université Paul Sabatier 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Johan M. Winne
- Laboratory for Organic SynthesisDepartment of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4) 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research GroupCenter of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis) 9000 Ghent Belgium
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Van Herck N, Maes D, Unal K, Guerre M, Winne JM, Du Prez FE. Covalent Adaptable Networks with Tunable Exchange Rates Based on Reversible Thiol–yne Cross‐Linking. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3609-3617. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Van Herck
- Polymer Chemistry Research GroupCenter of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis) 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Diederick Maes
- Polymer Chemistry Research GroupCenter of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis) 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Kamil Unal
- Polymer Chemistry Research GroupCenter of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis) 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Laboratory for Organic SynthesisDepartment of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4) 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Marc Guerre
- Polymer Chemistry Research GroupCenter of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis) 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Laboratoire des IMRCPUniversité de ToulouseCNRS UMR 5623Université Paul Sabatier 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Johan M. Winne
- Laboratory for Organic SynthesisDepartment of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4) 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research GroupCenter of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis) 9000 Ghent Belgium
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50
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Xiang L, Liu X, Zhang H, Zhao N, Zhang K. Thermoresponsive self-healable and recyclable polymer networks based on a dynamic quinone methide–thiol chemistry. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new type of thermoresponsive dynamic covalent polymer network was developed with excellent self-healable and recyclable properties based on a new thermoresponsive dynamic covalent chemistry between a para-quinone methide and thiol nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Xiang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Huan Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Ning Zhao
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Ke Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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