1
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Fang F, Tian Z, Cai Y, Huang L, Van der Meeren P, Wang J. The structural, antioxidant and emulsifying properties of cellulose nanofiber-dihydromyricetin mixtures: Effects of composite ratio. Food Chem 2024; 454:139803. [PMID: 38810448 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
In this work, effects of cellulose nanofiber/dihydromyricetin (CNF/DMY) ratio on the structural, antioxidant and emulsifying properties of the CNF/DMY mixtures were investigated. CNF integrated with DMY via hydrogen bonding and the antioxidant capacity of mixtures increased with decreasing CNF/DMY ratio (k). The oxidative stability of emulsions enhanced as the DMY content increased. Emulsions formed at Φ = 0.5 displayed larger size (about 25 μm), better viscoelasticity and centrifugal stability than those at Φ = 0.3 (about 23 μm). The emulsions at k = 17:3 and Φ = 0.5 exhibited the most excellent viscoelasticity. In conclusion, the DMY content in mixtures and the oil phase fraction exhibited distinct synergistic effects on the formation and characteristics of emulsions, and the emulsions could demonstrate superior oxidative and storage stability. These findings could provide a novel strategy to extend the shelf life of cellulose-based emulsions and related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Hunan Province Prepared Dishes Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Zijing Tian
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Yongjian Cai
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Hunan Province Prepared Dishes Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Lihua Huang
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Hunan Province Prepared Dishes Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Paul Van der Meeren
- Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jianhui Wang
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Hunan Province Prepared Dishes Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
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2
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Xu G, Onyianta AJ, Eloi JC, Harniman RL, Laverock J, Bond I, Diejomaoh OA, Koev TT, Khimyak YZ, Eichhorn SJ. Self-Healing Composite Coating Fabricated with a Cystamine Cross-Linked Cellulose Nanocrystal-Stabilized Pickering Emulsion. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:715-728. [PMID: 38271957 PMCID: PMC10865351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
A gelled Pickering emulsion system was fabricated by first stabilizing linseed oil droplets in water with dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals (DACNCs) and then cross-linking with cystamine. Cross-linking of the DACNCs was shown to occur by a reaction between the amine groups on cystamine and the aldehyde groups on the CNCs, causing gelation of the nanocellulose suspension. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the cystamine-cross-linked CNCs (cysCNCs), demonstrating their presence. Transmission electron microscopy images evidenced that cross-linking between cysCNCs took place. This cross-linking was utilized in a linseed oil-in-water Pickering emulsion system, creating a novel gelled Pickering emulsion system. The rheological properties of both DACNC suspensions and nanocellulose-stabilized Pickering emulsions were monitored during the cross-linking reaction. Dynamic light scattering and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of the Pickering emulsion before gelling imaged CNC-stabilized oil droplets along with isolated CNC rods and CNC clusters, which had not been adsorbed to the oil droplet surfaces. Atomic force microscopy imaging of the air-dried gelled Pickering emulsion also demonstrated the presence of free CNCs alongside the oil droplets and the cross-linked CNC network directly at the oil-water interface on the oil droplet surfaces. Finally, these gelled Pickering emulsions were mixed with poly(vinyl alcohol) solutions and fabricated into self-healing composite coating systems. These self-healing composite coatings were then scratched and viewed under both an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope before and after self-healing. The linseed oil was demonstrated to leak into the scratches, healing the gap automatically and giving a practical approach for a variety of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofan Xu
- Bristol
Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Design Engineering
(CADE), University of Bristol, University
Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K.
| | - Amaka J. Onyianta
- Bristol
Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Design Engineering
(CADE), University of Bristol, University
Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K.
| | | | | | - Jude Laverock
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Ian Bond
- Bristol
Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Design Engineering
(CADE), University of Bristol, University
Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K.
| | - Onajite Abafe Diejomaoh
- Bristol
Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Design Engineering
(CADE), University of Bristol, University
Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K.
| | - Todor T. Koev
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Yaroslav Z. Khimyak
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Stephen J. Eichhorn
- Bristol
Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Design Engineering
(CADE), University of Bristol, University
Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K.
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3
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Agustin MB, Nematollahi N, Bhattarai M, Oliaei E, Lehtonen M, Rojas OJ, Mikkonen KS. Lignin nanoparticles as co-stabilizers and modifiers of nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions and foams. CELLULOSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 30:8955-8971. [PMID: 37736116 PMCID: PMC10509128 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-023-05399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is very hydrophilic, preventing interactions with the oil phase in Pickering emulsions. This limitation is herein addressed by incorporating lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) as co-stabilizers of nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions. LNP addition decreases the oil droplet size and slows creaming at pH 5 and 8 and with increasing LNP content. Emulsification at pH 3 and LNP cationization lead to droplet flocculation and rapid creaming. LNP application for emulsification, prior or simultaneously with nanocellulose, favors stability given the improved interactions with the oil phase. The Pickering emulsions can be freeze-dried, enabling the recovery of a solid macroporous foam that can act as adsorbent for pharmaceutical pollutants. Overall, the properties of nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions and foams can be tailored by LNP addition. This strategy offers a unique, green approach to stabilize biphasic systems using bio-based nanomaterials without tedious and costly modification procedures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10570-023-05399-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa B. Agustin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Present Address: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Neda Nematollahi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mamata Bhattarai
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Erfan Oliaei
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mari Lehtonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360, East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Kirsi S. Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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4
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Surface engineering on cholesteric cellulose nanocrystals films inducing emulsification, organic pollutants detection and separation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123451. [PMID: 36709821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, organic pollutants have been major concerns in many fields. Production of functional materials based on renewable and sustainable resources for organic pollutants detection and removal was of much interest. Herein, multi-functional nanocomposite films based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with high optical haze, organic pollutant detection and emulsion separation capabilities, have been successfully fabricated based on hydrophobically-modified CNCs suspensions by 2-dodecen-1-succinic anhydride (DDSA) followed by radical polymerization with tridecafluorooctyl (TFMA). The suspensions displayed satisfying oil-in-water emulsion stabilization capabilities and the vacuum-dried films showed birefringence, high transparency, and optical haze (~85 %), due to the ordered arrangements of cellulose nanocrystals. The organic pollutant can be detected through the iridescent colors disappearing by Polarizing Optical Microscope observation. In addition of improved mechanical strength for application (27 MPa) and high contact angle of 131.6°, the hydrophobic films performed as high separation efficiency as >90 % of emulsion, due to the successfully grafting of hydrophobic molecules on the surface of CNCs. Thus, the surface modification for CNCs provide a facile approach of emulsification, pollutants detection and separation properties, which would widen the application potentials of renewable cellulosic resources in fields of environmental protection, engineering control and petroleum industry.
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5
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Roy H, Srungarapati S, Gade NJ, Gummadi A, Marry Karunasree BK, Dakkumalla M, Maddiboyina B. Citicoline loaded nanoemulsion enriched with D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate and protein: Formulation and in-silico study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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6
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Heteroaggregation effects on Pickering stabilization using oppositely charged cellulose nanocrystal and nanochitin. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120154. [PMID: 36880908 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pickering emulsions are stabilized using complexes of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and nanochitin (NCh). The colloidal behavior and heteroaggregation in aqueous media are studied in relation to complex formation and net charge. The complexes are remarkably effective in stabilizing oil-in-water Pickering emulsions under conditions of slightly net positive or negative charges, as determined by the CNC/NCh mass ratio. Close to charge neutrality (CNC/NCh ~5), large heteroaggregates form, resulting in unstable emulsions. By contrast, under net cationic conditions, interfacial arrest of the complexes leads to non-deformable emulsion droplets with high stability (no creaming for 9 months). At given CNC/NCh concentrations, emulsions with up to 50% oil fraction are produced. This study shows how to control emulsion properties beyond consideration of the typical formulation variables, for instance, through adjusting CNC/NCh ratio or charge stoichiometry. We highlight the possibilities that are available for emulsion stabilization by using a combination of polysaccharide nanoparticles.
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7
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Zhang F, Song B, Li Y, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Xu Q, Ma J. Breathability and Moisture Permeability of Cellulose Nanocrystals Hollow Microsphere Coatings for PET Fabrics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245345. [PMID: 36559713 PMCID: PMC9788502 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, cellulose nanocrystals hollow microspheres (HMs) were fabricated through Pickering emulsion polymerization, in which hydrophobically modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) acted as Pickering stabilizers. The hollow interior core was prepared by solvent evaporation. This manuscript describes the synthesis of HMs in detail. The hollow structure and nanoscale size of HMs were verified using TEM. The resultant HMs could easily coat self-forming films on the surface of PET fabrics. Additionally, these coatings exhibited superior breathability and moisture permeability properties with a high one-way transport index of 936.33% and a desirable overall moisture management capability of 0.72. Cellulose nanocrystal hollow microsphere coatings could be used as a moisture-wicking functionality agent for finishing fabrics, oil-water separation, and fog harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Centre of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710048, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-029-82330365
| | - Bingyao Song
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Yilin Li
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710048, China
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yanbing Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Qunna Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Jianzhong Ma
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Centre of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
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8
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Macke N, Hemmingsen CM, Rowan SJ. The effect of polymer grafting on the mechanical properties of
PEG
‐grafted cellulose nanocrystals in poly(lactic acid). JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Macke
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | | | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
- Argonne National Lab Lemont Illinois USA
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9
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Xu G, Nigmatullin R, Koev TT, Khimyak YZ, Bond IP, Eichhorn SJ. Octylamine-Modified Cellulose Nanocrystal-Enhanced Stabilization of Pickering Emulsions for Self-Healing Composite Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12722-12733. [PMID: 35254045 PMCID: PMC9096801 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Linseed oil-in-water Pickering emulsions are stabilized by both sulfated CNCs (sCNCs) and octylamine-modified CNCs (oCNCs). oCNCs with hydrophobic moieties grafted on the surfaces of otherwise intact nanocrystals provided emulsions exhibiting stronger resistance to creaming of oil droplets, compared with unmodified sCNCs. sCNCs were not able to completely stabilize linseed oil in water at low CNC concentrations while oCNCs provided emulsions with no unemulsified oil residue at the same concentrations. Oil droplets in oCNC emulsions were smaller than those in samples stabilized by sCNCs, corresponding with an increased hydrophobicity of oCNCs. Cryo-SEM imaging of stabilized droplets demonstrated the formation of a CNC network at the oil-water interface, protecting the oil droplets from coalescence even after compaction under centrifugal force. These oil droplets, protected by a stabilized CNC network, were dispersed in a water-based commercial varnish, to generate a composite coating. Scratches made on these coatings self-healed as a result of the reaction of the linseed oil bled from the damaged droplets with oxygen. The leakage and drying of the linseed oil at the location of the scratches happened without intervention and was accelerated by the application of heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofan Xu
- Bristol
Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, U.K.
| | - Rinat Nigmatullin
- Bristol
Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, U.K.
| | - Todor T. Koev
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Yaroslav Z. Khimyak
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Ian. P. Bond
- Bristol
Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, U.K.
| | - Stephen J. Eichhorn
- Bristol
Composites Institute, School of Civil, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, U.K.
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10
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Tang M, Zhu Z, Yang K, Yang P, Dong Y, Wu Y, Chen M, Zhou X. Cellulose nanocrystals concentration and oil-water ratio for solid-liquid controllable emulsion polymerization. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:414-421. [PMID: 34562534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stabilities of cellulose Pickering emulsions are of great importance to utilize them effectively, but influenced by their complex compositions, such as, colloidal particles, oil phases and water phases. In this work, solid-liquid controllable polymerization products could obtain by adjusting cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) concentration and vinyl acetate (VAc)-water ratio. The emulsions in zone Ӏ (w/o) and II (o/w) of the three-phase diagram were selected for researching. The polymerization emulsions in zone II illustrated the o/w ratio played a more important role than CNCs concentration in the storage stability and practicality of the polymerized emulsion; The polymer in zone Ӏ showed a large number of porous structures. This is an innovative method that different forms of target products are obtained through the guidance of three-phase diagram, which not only broadens the application field, but also applies to other Pickering emulsion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, China; International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, China; International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, China; International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Pei Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, China; International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yue Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, China; International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yakun Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, China; International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Minzhi Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, China; International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, China; International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-growing Trees and Agri-fiber Materials, Nanjing 210037, China.
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11
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Rigg A, Champagne P, Cunningham MF. Polysaccharide-Based Nanoparticles as Pickering Emulsifiers in Emulsion Formulations and Heterogenous Polymerization Systems. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100493. [PMID: 34841604 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bio-based Pickering emulsifiers are a nontoxic alternative to surfactants in emulsion formulations and heterogenous polymerizations. Recent demand for biocompatible and sustainable formulations has accelerated academic interest in polysaccharide-based nanoparticles as Pickering emulsifiers. Despite the environmental advantages, the inherent hydrophilicity of polysaccharides and their nanoparticles limits efficiency and application range. Modification of the polysaccharide surface is often required in the development of ultrastable, functional, and water-in-oil (W/O) systems. Complex surface modification calls into question the sustainability of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles and is identified as a significant barrier to commercialization. This review summarizes the use of nanocelluloses, -starches, and -chitins as Pickering emulsifiers, highlights trends and best practices in surface modification, and provides recommendations to expedite commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rigg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 19 Division Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.,Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec City, Quebec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Michael F Cunningham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 19 Division Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, 90 Bader Lane, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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12
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Gabriel VA, Champagne P, Cunningham MF, Dubé MA. In‐situ addition of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals in seeded semi‐batch emulsion polymerization. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vida A. Gabriel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Department of Chemical Engineering Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada
| | | | - Marc A. Dubé
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
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13
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Gestranius M, Kontturi KS, Mikkelson A, Virtanen T, Schirp C, Cranston ED, Kontturi E, Tammelin T. Creaming Layers of Nanocellulose Stabilized Water-Based Polystyrene: High-Solids Emulsions for 3D Printing. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.738643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil-in-water emulsions stabilized using cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) form extremely stable and high-volume creaming layers which do not coalesce over extended periods of time. The stability is a result of the synergistic action of Pickering stabilization and the formation of a CNF percolation network in the continuous phase. The use of methyl cellulose (MC) as a co-emulsifier together with CNF further increases the viscosity of the system and is known to affect the droplet size distribution of the formed emulsion. Here, we utilize these highly stable creaming layer systems for in situ polymerization of styrene with the aim to prepare an emulsion-based dope for additive manufacturing. We show that the approach exploiting the creaming layer enables the effortless water removal yielding a paste-like material consisting of polystyrene beads decorated with CNF and MC. Further, we report comprehensive characterization that reveals the properties and the performance of the creaming layer. Solid-state NMR measurements confirmed the successful polymerization taking place inside the nanocellulosic network, and size exclusion chromatography revealed average molecular weight (Mw) of polystyrene as approximately 700,000 Da. Moreover, the amount of the leftover monomer was found to be less than 1% as detected by gas chromatography. The dry solids content of the paste was ∼20% which is a significant increase compared to the solids content of the original CNF dispersion (1.7 wt%). The shrinkage of the CNF, MC and polystyrene structures upon drying—an often-faced challenge—was found to be acceptable for this composite containing highly hygroscopic biobased materials. At best, the two dimensional shrinkage was no more than ca. 20% which is significantly lower than the shrinkage of pure CNF being as high as 50%. The paste, which is a composite of biobased materials and a synthetic polymer, was demonstrated in direct-ink-writing to print small objects. With further optimization of the formulation, we find the emulsion templating approach as a promising route to prepare composite materials.
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14
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Ferreira RR, Souza AG, Rosa DS. Essential oil-loaded nanocapsules and their application on PBAT biodegradable films. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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15
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Pakdel AS, Cranston ED, Dubé MA. Incorporating Hydrophobic Cellulose Nanocrystals inside Latex Particles via Mini‐Emulsion Polymerization. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.202100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Saeid Pakdel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Ottawa Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Emily D. Cranston
- Department of Wood Science and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Marc A. Dubé
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Ottawa Ottawa ON K1N 6N5 Canada
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16
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17
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Kedzior SA, Gabriel VA, Dubé MA, Cranston ED. Nanocellulose in Emulsions and Heterogeneous Water-Based Polymer Systems: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2002404. [PMID: 32797718 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (i.e., bacterial nanocellulose, cellulose nanocrystals, and cellulose nanofibrils) are cellulose-based materials with at least one dimension in the nanoscale. These materials have unique and useful properties and have been shown to assemble at oil-water interfaces and impart new functionality to emulsion and latex systems. Herein, the use of nanocellulose in both emulsions and heterogeneous water-based polymers is reviewed, including dispersion, suspension, and emulsion polymerization. Comprehensive tables describe past work employing nanocellulose as stabilizers or additives and the properties that can be tailored through the use of nanocellulose are highlighted. Even at low loadings, nanocellulose offers an unprecedented level of control as a property modifier for a range of emulsion and polymer applications, influencing, for example, emulsion type, stability, and stimuli-responsive behavior. Nanocellulose can tune polymer particle properties such as size, surface charge, and morphology, or be used to produce capsules and polymer nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical, thermal, and adhesive properties. The role of nanocellulose is discussed, and a perspective for future direction is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Kedzior
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Vida A Gabriel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Marc A Dubé
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Wood Science, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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18
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Si Y, Luo H, Zhou F, Bai X, Han L, Sun H, Cha R. Advances in polysaccharide nanocrystals as pharmaceutical excipients. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 262:117922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Li MC, Wu Q, Moon RJ, Hubbe MA, Bortner MJ. Rheological Aspects of Cellulose Nanomaterials: Governing Factors and Emerging Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006052. [PMID: 33870553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), mainly including nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), have attained enormous interest due to their sustainability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, nanoscale dimensions, large surface area, facile modification of surface chemistry, as well as unique optical, mechanical, and rheological performance. One of the most fascinating properties of CNMs is their aqueous suspension rheology, i.e., CNMs helping create viscous suspensions with the formation of percolation networks and chemical interactions (e.g., van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction/repulsion, and hydrophobic attraction). Under continuous shearing, CNMs in an aqueous suspension can align along the flow direction, producing shear-thinning behavior. At rest, CNM suspensions regain some of their initial structure immediately, allowing rapid recovery of rheological properties. These unique flow features enable CNMs to serve as rheological modifiers in a wide range of fluid-based applications. Herein, the dependence of the rheology of CNM suspensions on test protocols, CNM inherent properties, suspension environments, and postprocessing is systematically described. A critical overview of the recent progress on fluid applications of CNMs as rheology modifiers in some emerging industrial sectors is presented as well. Future perspectives in the field are outlined to guide further research and development in using CNMs as the next generation rheological modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Li
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Robert J Moon
- Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
| | - Martin A Hubbe
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8005, USA
| | - Michael J Bortner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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20
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Geng S, Liu X, Ma H, Liu B, Liang G. Multi-scale stabilization mechanism of pickering emulsion gels based on dihydromyricetin/high-amylose corn starch composite particles. Food Chem 2021; 355:129660. [PMID: 33799246 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
For Pickering emulsifying effect, starch must be subjected to the pretreatments of acid hydrolysis, esterification, which are complicated and eco-unfriendly. In this study, a practical and green strategyto fabricate Pickering emulsion gels with dihydromyricetin (DMY)/high-amylose corn starch (HCS) composite particles was introduced for the first time. The DMY content in composite particles and the amount of addition of composite particles had obvious synergistic effect on the formation and properties of emulsion gels. The obtained emulsion gels were not sensitive to ionic strength, which could be attributed to emulsifying capacity and viscosity effect of composite particles. The spectral analysis confirmed the presence of DMY/amylose host-guest supramolecules. The molecular simulation of the supramolecular complexes in the oil-water system indicated that these complexes could spontaneously aggregate and anchor to the oil-water interface, reducing the interfacial tension. Based on experimental and theoretical results, the multi-scale relationship of "molecular interaction-particle characteristics-gel properties" was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Geng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hanjun Ma
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Benguo Liu
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Guizhao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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21
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Lu Y, Li J, Ge L, Xie W, Wu D. Pickering emulsion stabilized with fibrous nanocelluloses: Insight into fiber flexibility-emulsifying capacity relations. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 255:117483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Qu Z, Schueneman GT, Shofner ML, Meredith JC. Acrylic Functionalization of Cellulose Nanocrystals with 2-Isocyanatoethyl Methacrylate and Formation of Composites with Poly(methyl methacrylate). ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31092-31099. [PMID: 33324818 PMCID: PMC7726749 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) derived from renewable plant-based materials exhibit strong potential for improving properties of polymers by their dispersal in the polymer matrix as a composite phase. However, the hydrophilicity and low thermal stability of CNCs lead to compromised particle dispersibility in common polymers and limit the processing conditions of polymer-CNC composites, respectively. One route that has been explored is the modification of CNCs to alter surface chemistry. Acrylic materials are used in a broad class of polymers and copolymers with wide commercial applications. Yet, the available methods for adding groups that react with acrylics to enhance dispersion are quite limited. In this work, a versatile chemical modification route is described that introduces acryloyl functional groups on CNCs that can in turn be polymerized in subsequent steps to create acrylic-CNC composites. The hydroxyl group on CNC surfaces was reacted with the isocyanate moiety on 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM), a bifunctional molecule possessing both the isocyanate group and acryloyl group. The resulting modified CNCs (mCNCs) showed enhanced hydrophobicity and dispersibility in organic solvent relative to unmodified CNCs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis verified the surface modification and allowed an estimation of the degree of modification as high as 0.4 (26.7% surface hydroxyl substitution CNC). The modified CNCs were copolymerized with methyl methacrylate, and the composites had improved dispersion relative to composites with unmodified CNCs and enhanced (104%) tensile strength at 2 wt % CNC when compared to the neat poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), indicating a benefit of the reactive acryloyl groups added to the CNC surface. Overall, the modification strategy was successful in functionalizing CNCs, opening possibilities for their use in organic media and matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Qu
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Gregory T. Schueneman
- Forest
Products Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Meisha L. Shofner
- School
of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - J. Carson Meredith
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable
Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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23
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Harini K, Chandra Mohan C. Isolation and characterization of micro and nanocrystalline cellulose fibers from the walnut shell, corncob and sugarcane bagasse. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1375-1383. [PMID: 32750484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to extract and characterize the microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) present in different agro-industrial wastes such as walnut shells, corncob, and sugarcane bagasse. Moreover, it is also the aim of this study to convert MCCs to nanocrystalline cellulose fiber (NCCF), to demonstrate the difference in morphological, structural, thermal, and chemical natures. Corncob cellulose was observed to possess a loosely bounded linear bundle structure. Nanocrystalline cellulose fiber yield from walnut shell and sugarcane bagasse cellulose were higher than corncob cellulose. The thermal stability of cellulose was noted to be high for walnut shell NCCF. Nanocrystalline cellulose fiber of corncob and sugarcane bagasse was estimated to have a low thermal degradation temperature. All the MCCs and NCCFs produced from investigated cellulose sources were found to have type I cellulose. Functional group compositions of cellulose were observed to be intact for converted agro-based NCCF's.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Harini
- Centre for Food Technology, Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai 600025, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - C Chandra Mohan
- Centre for Food Technology, Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai 600025, Tamilnadu, India
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24
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Pakdel AS, Niinivaara E, Cranston ED, Berry RM, Dubé MA. Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC)-Latex Nanocomposites: Effect of CNC Hydrophilicity and Charge on Rheological, Mechanical, and Adhesive Properties. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000448. [PMID: 33047439 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), a sustainable nanomaterial, are in situ incorporated into emulsion-based pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs). Commercially available CNCs with different surface hydrophilicity and surface charge (CNC101 and CNC103 from CelluForce) are used to explore their role in PSA property modification. Viscosity measurements and atomic force microscopy reveal differences in degree of association between the CNCs and the latex particles depending on the surface properties of the CNCs. The more hydrophilic and higher surface charge CNCs (CNC101) show less association with the latex particles. Dynamic strain sweep tests are used to analyze the strain-softening of the nanocomposites based on CNC type and loading. The CNC101 nanocomposites soften at lower strains than their CNC103 counterparts. This behavior is confirmed via dynamic frequency tests and modeling of the nanocomposites' storage moduli, which suggest the formation of CNC aggregates of, on average, 3.8 CNC101 and 1.3 CNC103 nanoparticles. Finally, PSA properties, i.e., tack, peel strength, and shear strength, simultaneously increase upon addition of both CNC types, although to different extents. The relationship between the PSA properties and CNC surface properties confirms that the less hydrophilic CNCs lead to improved CNC dispersion in the PSA films and therefore, enhance PSA properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Saeid Pakdel
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringCentre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Elina Niinivaara
- Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI0076 Aalto, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Richard M Berry
- CelluForce, 625 President Kennedy Ave., Suite 1705, Montreal, QC, H3A 1K2, Canada
| | - Marc A Dubé
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringCentre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
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25
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Angkuratipakorn T, Chung C, Koo CK, Mundo JLM, McClements DJ, Decker EA, Singkhonrat J. Development of food-grade Pickering oil-in-water emulsions: Tailoring functionality using mixtures of cellulose nanocrystals and lauric arginate. Food Chem 2020; 327:127039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Lombardo S, Villares A. Engineered Multilayer Microcapsules Based on Polysaccharides Nanomaterials. Molecules 2020; 25:E4420. [PMID: 32993007 PMCID: PMC7582779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of microcapsules composed by natural materials have received great attention, as they represent promising systems for the fabrication of micro-containers for controlled loading and release of active compounds, and for other applications. Using polysaccharides as the main materials is receiving increasing interest, as they constitute the main components of the plant cell wall, which represent an ideal platform to mimic for creating biocompatible systems with specific responsive properties. Several researchers have recently described methods for the preparation of microcapsules with various sizes and properties using cell wall polysaccharide nanomaterials. Researchers have focused mostly in using cellulose nanomaterials as structural components in a bio-mimetic approach, as cellulose constitutes the main structural component of the plant cell wall. In this review, we describe the microcapsules systems presented in the literature, focusing on the works where polysaccharide nanomaterials were used as the main structural components. We present the methods and the principles behind the preparation of these systems, and the interactions involved in stabilizing the structures. We show the specific and stimuli-responsive properties of the reported microcapsules, and we describe how these characteristics can be exploited for specific applications.
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27
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Musino D, Rivard C, Landrot G, Novales B, Rabilloud T, Capron I. Hydroxyl groups on cellulose nanocrystal surfaces form nucleation points for silver nanoparticles of varying shapes and sizes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 584:360-371. [PMID: 33080498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the interactions between the cellulose surface and Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the purpose of manufacturing hybrid nanomaterials using bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNs) as a model substrate. We focus on the role of the BCN surface chemistry on the AgNP nucleation obtained by chemical reduction of Ag+ ions. Homogeneous hybrid suspensions of BCN/AgNP are produced, regardless of whether the BCNs are quasi-neutral, negatively (TBCNs) or positively charged (ABCNs). The characterization of BCN/AgNP hybrids identifies the -OH surface groups as nucleation points for AgNPs, of about 20 nm revealing that surface charges only improve the accessibility to OH groups. X-ray Absorption technics (XANES and EXAFS) revealed a high metallic Ag0 content ranging from 88% to 97%. Moreover, the grafting of hydrophobic molecules on a BCN surface (HBCNs) does not prevent AgNP nucleation, illustrating the versatility of our method and the possibility to obtain bifunctional NPs. A H2O2 redox post-treatment on the hybrid induces an increase in AgNPs size, up to 90 nm as well as a shape variation (i.e., triangular). In contrast, H2O2 induces no size/shape variation for aggregated hybrids, emphasizing that the accessibility to -OH groups ensures the nucleation of bigger Ag nano-objects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camille Rivard
- SOLEIL Synchrotron, L'Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192 Saint-Aubin, France; INRAE, TRANSFORM, 44316 Nantes, France.
| | - Gautier Landrot
- SOLEIL Synchrotron, L'Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192 Saint-Aubin, France.
| | | | - Thierry Rabilloud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, SYMMES, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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28
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Griveau L, Delorme J, Engström J, Dugas PY, Carlmark A, Malmström E, D’Agosto F, Lansalot M. Synergetic Effect of Water-Soluble PEG-Based Macromonomers and Cellulose Nanocrystals for the Stabilization of PMMA Latexes by Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4479-4491. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Griveau
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - James Delorme
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Joakim Engström
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pierre-Yves Dugas
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anna Carlmark
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Malmström
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Franck D’Agosto
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne, France
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29
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Cellulose Nanocrystals Derived from Textile Waste through Acid Hydrolysis and Oxidation as Reinforcing Agent of Soy Protein Film. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040958. [PMID: 32326030 PMCID: PMC7240655 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 10 million tons of textile waste are disposed through landfill every year in North America. The disposal of textile waste via landfill or incineration causes environmental problems and represents a waste of useful resources. In this work, we explored the possibility to directly extract cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from untreated textile waste through two methods, namely sulfuric acid hydrolysis and three-step oxidization. CNCs with cellulose Iβ crystalline structure and rod-like shape were successfully obtained. The aspect ratios of CNCs prepared from acid hydrolysis and oxidization were 10.00 ± 3.39 and 17.10 ± 12.85, respectively. Their application as reinforcing agent of soybean protein isolate (SPI) film was evaluated. With the addition of 20% CNCs, the composite film maintained the high transparency, while their water vapor barrier property, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus were significantly improved. This research demonstrates a promising approach to recycle textile waste, and more value-added applications based on the derived CNCs could be expected.
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30
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Che KM, Zhang MZ, He JL, Ni PH. Polyphosphoester-modified Cellulose Nanocrystals for Stabilizing Pickering Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Limousin E, Rafaniello I, Schäfer T, Ballard N, Asua JM. Linking Film Structure and Mechanical Properties in Nanocomposite Films Formed from Dispersions of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Acrylic Latexes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2052-2062. [PMID: 32031814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are unique, lightweight materials that possess high elastic modulus and tensile strength, making them of great interest in the formation of nanocomposite materials. However, efficient design of the composite material is essential in translating the mechanical properties of the individual CNCs into the nanocomposite film. In this work, we demonstrate the formation of structured CNC/acrylic dispersions by physical blending of the anionic CNCs with charged acrylic latex particles. By blending with large cationic latex particles, the CNCs adsorbed onto the acrylic latex surface while blending with small latex particles led to the inverse structure. Films were cast from these dispersions and the physical properties were compared with the aim of understanding the influence of the initial structure of the hybrid dispersion on the structure of the final film. A significant difference in the mechanical properties was observed based on the position of the CNCs in the initial dispersion. Adsorption of latex particles onto the CNC surface led to a random distribution of nonconnected CNCs, which contributed little to improving the Young's modulus, while adsorption of CNC onto the latex led to a honeycomb CNC network and a large increase in the Young's modulus. This work underlines the importance of particle structure on the structure and mechanical properties of nanostructured films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Limousin
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Iliane Rafaniello
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Thomas Schäfer
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Nicholas Ballard
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - José M Asua
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
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32
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Bertsch P, Fischer P. Adsorption and interfacial structure of nanocelluloses at fluid interfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 276:102089. [PMID: 31887576 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (NCs), more specifically cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibrils, are a green alternative for the stabilization of fluid interfaces. The adsorption of NCs at oil-water interfaces facilitates the formation of stable and biocompatible Pickering emulsions. In contrast, unmodified NCs are not able to stabilize foams. As a consequence, NCs are often hydrophobized by covalent modifications or adsorption of surfactants, allowing also the stabilization of foams or functional inverse, double, and stimuli-responsive emulsions. Although the interfacial stabilization by NCs is readily exploited, the driving force of adsorption and stabilization mechanisms remained long unclear. Here, we summarize the recent advances in the understanding of NC adsorption regarding kinetics, isotherms, and energetic aspects, as well as their interfacial structure, surface coverage, and contact angle. We thereby distinguish unmodified NCs, covalently modified NCs, and surfactant enhanced adsorption.
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33
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Glasing J, Jessop PG, Champagne P, Hamad WY, Cunningham MF. Microsuspension Polymerization of Styrene Using Cellulose Nanocrystals as Pickering Emulsifiers: On the Evolution of Latex Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:796-809. [PMID: 31873028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a mechanistic study of the microsuspension polymerization of styrene stabilized by cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in its native form as well as graft-modified with copolymers of styrene and N-3-(dimethylamino)propyl methacrylamide (DMAPMAm) or N,N-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA). Native CNCs and graft-modified CNCs were shown to form stable styrene emulsions with an average droplet diameter of 18-20 and 5-9 μm, respectively. Initiators of widely varying water solubilities [2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), 2-2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (Vazo-52), and lauroyl peroxide (LPO)] were employed for the polymerizations. The type of initiator and the type of CNC were shown to directly affect the microsuspension polymerization kinetics, particle size, and molecular weight distribution. Using AIBN and Vazo-52, submicron latex particles were observed in the final latex in addition to the desired 3-20 μm CNC-armored microsuspension particles. The resulting latex and microsuspension polystyrene particles were studied for their CNC coverage and surface charge. We found that the presence of CNCs in the aqueous phase did not lead to Pickering emulsion polymerization by heterogeneous nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Glasing
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Queen's University , 19 Division Street , Kingston , Ontario K7L 3N6 , Canada
| | - Philip G Jessop
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario K7L 3N6 , Canada
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Queen's University , 19 Division Street , Kingston , Ontario K7L 3N6 , Canada
- Department of Civil Engineering , Queen's University , 58 University Avenue , Kingston , Ontario K7L 3N6 , Canada
| | - Wadood Y Hamad
- Transformation and Interfaces Group-Bioproducts ICE FPInnovations , 2665 East Mall , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z4 , Canada
| | - Michael F Cunningham
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Queen's University , 19 Division Street , Kingston , Ontario K7L 3N6 , Canada
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario K7L 3N6 , Canada
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34
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Ren G, Zheng X, Gu H, Di W, Wang Z, Guo Y, Xu Z, Sun D. Temperature and CO 2 Dual-Responsive Pickering Emulsions Using Jeffamine M2005-Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13663-13670. [PMID: 31549513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with excellent biodegradability are promising biomaterials for use as responsive Pickering emulsifiers. However, the high hydrophilicity of CNCs limits their emulsification ability. Some existing studies have utilized complicated covalent modification procedures to increase the hydrophobicity of CNCs. To simplify the modification process, we prepared hydrophobically modified CNCs (CNCs-M2005) via simple and controllable electrostatic interactions with thermosensitive M2005. The obtained CNCs-M2005 exhibited temperature and CO2 dual-responsive properties. Subsequently, stable oil/water Pickering emulsions were prepared using the partially hydrophobic CNCs-M2005 at 20 °C. However, demulsification occurred when the temperature increased to 60 °C. This temperature-induced demulsification resulted from the dehydration of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, causing the aggregation of the CNCs-M2005, as shown by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy experiments. In addition, demulsification was also achieved after bubbling CO2, which was attributed to the dissociation of the partially hydrophobic CNCs-M2005. The temperature and CO2 dual-responsive biosafe Pickering emulsions open up opportunity for the design of intelligent food, cosmetic, and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaihuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250100 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250100 , P. R. China
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250100 , P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Di
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250100 , P. R. China
| | - Zengzi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250100 , P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250100 , P. R. China
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | - Dejun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education , Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong 250100 , P. R. China
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35
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Rowan SJ, Weder C. Combining Chemistry, Materials Science, Inspiration from Nature, and Serendipity to Develop Stimuli‐Responsive Polymeric Materials. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J. Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave. Chicago, IL 60637 United States
- Department of Chemistry University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637 United States
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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36
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37
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Goi Y, Fujisawa S, Saito T, Yamane K, Kuroda K, Isogai A. Dual Functions of TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers in Oil-in-Water Emulsions: A Pickering Emulsifier and a Unique Dispersion Stabilizer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10920-10926. [PMID: 31340122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The emulsifying and dispersing mechanisms of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) have been investigated. The emulsifying mechanism was studied by changing the oil/water interfacial tension from 8.5 to 53.3 mN/m using various types of oils. The results showed that the higher the oil/water interfacial tension, the greater is the amount of CNFs adsorbed at the oil/water interface, making the CNF-adsorbed oil-in-water emulsions thermodynamically more stable. Moreover, the amount of CNFs adsorbed on the surfaces of the oil droplets increased with increasing interfacial area. The dispersion stability of the oil droplets was dominated by the CNF concentration in the water phase. Above the critical concentration (0.15% w/w), the CNFs formed network structures in the water phase, and the emulsion was effectively stabilized against creaming. Emulsion formation and the CNF network structures in the emulsion were visualized by cryo-scanning electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohsuke Goi
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8657 , Japan
- Rheocrysta R&D Group Life Sciences R&D Department , R&D Headquarters, DKS Co. Ltd. , 5 Ogawara-cho, Kisshoin , Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8391 , Japan
| | - Shuji Fujisawa
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8657 , Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8657 , Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamane
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute , Tsukuba 305-8687 , Japan
| | - Katsushi Kuroda
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute , Tsukuba 305-8687 , Japan
| | - Akira Isogai
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8657 , Japan
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38
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Yu Q, Yang W, Wang Q, Dong W, Du M, Ma P. Functionalization of cellulose nanocrystals with γ-MPS and its effect on the adhesive behavior of acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 217:168-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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39
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Jia Y, Zheng M, Xu Q, Zhong C. Rheological behaviors of Pickering emulsions stabilized by TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 215:263-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Li MC, Dong J, Lee S, Cheng HN, Lei T, Wu Q. Cellulose nanocrystal driven microphase separated nanocomposites: Enhanced mechanical performance and nanostructured morphology. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:685-694. [PMID: 30826401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The interest in the modification of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) lies in the potential to homogenously disperse CNCs in hydrophobic polymer matrices and to promote interfacial adhesion. In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) were grafted onto CNCs, thereby imparting their hydrophobic traits. The successful grafting modification led to the increased thermal stability of modified CNCs (MCNCs), and the hydrophobic surface modification was integrated with crystalline structure and morphology of CNCs. The nanocomposites with 7 wt% MCNCs/PBA-co-PMMA had an increase in Young's modulus of >25-fold and in tensile strength at about 3 times compared to these of neat PBA-co-PMMA copolymer. In addition, a micro-phase separated morphology (PBA soft domains, and PMMA and CNC hard domains) of MCNCs/PBA-co-PMMA nanocomposites was observed. The large increase in the storage moduli (glass transition temperatures) and organized morphology of MCNCs/PBA-co-PMMA nanocomposites also elucidated the relationship between mechanical properties and micro-phase separated morphology. Therefore, the MCNCs are effective reinforcing agents for the PBA-co-PMMA thermoplastic elastomers, opening up opportunities for their wide-spread applications in polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zhang
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Xiuqiang Zhang
- Key Biomass Energy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, China
| | - Mei-Chun Li
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Ju Dong
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Research, Seoul 130-712, Republic of Korea
| | - H N Cheng
- US Department of Agriculture, Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, United States
| | - Tingzhou Lei
- Key Biomass Energy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, China.
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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41
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Zhai K, Pei X, Wang C, Deng Y, Tan Y, Bai Y, Zhang B, Xu K, Wang P. Water-in-oil Pickering emulsion polymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide using starch-based nanoparticles as emulsifier. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:1032-1037. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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42
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Zhang Y, Edelbrock AN, Rowan, SJ. Effect of processing conditions on the mechanical properties of bio-inspired mechanical gradient nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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43
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Cellulose nanocrystals/fluorinated polyacrylate soap-free emulsion prepared via RAFT-assisted Pickering emulsion polymerization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 177:321-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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44
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Bai L, Greca LG, Xiang W, Lehtonen J, Huan S, Nugroho RWN, Tardy BL, Rojas OJ. Adsorption and Assembly of Cellulosic and Lignin Colloids at Oil/Water Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:571-588. [PMID: 30052451 PMCID: PMC6344914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The surface chemistry and adsorption behavior of submicrometer cellulosic and lignin particles have drawn wide-ranging interest in the scientific community. Here, we introduce their assembly at fluid/fluid interfaces in Pickering systems and discuss their role in reducing the oil/water interfacial tension, limiting flocculation and coalescence, and endowing given functional properties. We discuss the stabilization of multiphase systems by cellulosic and lignin colloids and the opportunities for their adoption. They can be used alone, as dual components, or in combination with amphiphilic molecules for the design of multiphase systems relevant to household products, paints, coatings, pharmaceutical, foodstuff, and cosmetic formulations. This invited feature article summarizes some of our work and that of colleagues to introduce the readers to this fascinating and topical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Luiz G. Greca
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Wenchao Xiang
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Janika Lehtonen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Siqi Huan
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Robertus Wahyu N. Nugroho
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Blaise L. Tardy
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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45
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Limousin E, Ballard N, Asua JM. Synthesis of cellulose nanocrystal armored latex particles for mechanically strong nanocomposite films. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically strong films are generated from cellulose nanocrystal armored latex particles synthesized by emulsion polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Limousin
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20018
- Spain
| | - Nicholas Ballard
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20018
- Spain
| | - José M. Asua
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20018
- Spain
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46
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Jiménez Saelices C, Save M, Capron I. Synthesis of latex stabilized by unmodified cellulose nanocrystals: the effect of monomers on particle size. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are sustainable rod-shaped nanoparticles able to adsorb at oil–water interfaces to produce highly stable Pickering emulsions with enhanced mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maud Save
- CNRS
- University Pau & Pays Adour
- E2S UPPA
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux
- IPREM
| | - Isabelle Capron
- UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages
- INRA
- 44316 Nantes
- France
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47
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Lu Y, Huang J, Ge L, Xie W, Wu D. Selective localization of cellulose nanocrystals in the biodegradable poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ε-caprolactone) blend composites prepared by Pickering emulsions. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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48
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Xu HN, Li YH, Zhang L. Driving Forces for Accumulation of Cellulose Nanofibrils at the Oil/Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:10757-10763. [PMID: 30111114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the adsorption and organization of nanocelluloses at oil/water interfaces is crucial to develop a promising route to fabricate functional materials from the bottom-up. Here, we prepare acetylated cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with 2 degrees of substitution and investigate their assembly behavior at the oil/water interface. We study the adsorption process by tracking the dynamic interfacial tension using pendant drop tensiometry and further characterize the viscoelasticity of the CNF interfacial films as a function of ionic strength. The results show that the adsorption of the CNFs at the interface is dominated by energy barriers associated with electrostatic repulsion. With the addition of NaCl, the fibrils are rapidly accumulated at the oil/water interface and jammed into a solidlike film. The overall accumulation of the fibrils is related to the competition between van der Waals attractive forces and electrostatic repulsive forces according to the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory. By screening on the fibril-fibril and fibril-interface electrostatic repulsive forces, the salt addition facilitates the formation of packed fibril clusters and the development of the clusters into a solidlike film. Moreover, the salt addition is assumed to trigger an abrupt density fluctuation in the vicinity of the interface (the formation of locally dense clusters and voids), leading to an increase in brittleness of the film.
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49
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Hansoge NK, Huang T, Sinko R, Xia W, Chen W, Keten S. Materials by Design for Stiff and Tough Hairy Nanoparticle Assemblies. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7946-7958. [PMID: 29975847 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-free polymer-grafted nanocrystals, called assembled hairy nanoparticles (aHNPs), can significantly enhance the thermomechanical performance of nanocomposites by overcoming nanoparticle dispersion challenges and achieving stronger interfacial interactions through grafted polymer chains. However, effective strategies to improve both the mechanical stiffness and toughness of aHNPs are lacking given the general conflicting nature of these two properties and the large number of molecular parameters involved in the design of aHNPs. Here, we propose a computational framework that combines multiresponse Gaussian process metamodeling and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to establish design strategies for achieving optimal mechanical properties of aHNPs within a parametric space. Taking poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted to high-aspect-ratio cellulose nanocrystals as a model nanocomposite, our multiobjective design optimization framework reveals that the polymer chain length and grafting density are the main influencing factors governing the mechanical properties of aHNPs, in comparison to the nanoparticle size and the polymer-nanoparticle interfacial interactions. In particular, the Pareto frontier, that marks the upper bound of mechanical properties within the design parameter space, can be achieved when the weight percentage of nanoparticles is above around 60% and the grafted chains exceed the critical length scale governing transition into the semidilute brush regime. We show that theoretical scaling relationships derived from the Daoud-Cotton model capture the dependence of the critical length scale on graft density and nanoparticle size. Our established modeling framework provides valuable insights into the mechanical behavior of these hairy nanoparticle assemblies at the molecular level and allows us to establish guidelines for nanocomposite design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin K Hansoge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3109 , United States
| | - Tianyu Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3109 , United States
| | - Robert Sinko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3109 , United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Northern Illinois University , 590 Garden Road , DeKalb , Illinois 60115 , United States
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , North Dakota State University , 1410 14th Avenue N , Fargo , North Dakota 58105 , United States
- Center for Hierarchical Materials Design , Northwestern University , 2205 Tech Drive , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3109 , United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3109 , United States
- Center for Hierarchical Materials Design , Northwestern University , 2205 Tech Drive , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3109 , United States
| | - Sinan Keten
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3109 , United States
- Center for Hierarchical Materials Design , Northwestern University , 2205 Tech Drive , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3109 , United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3109 , United States
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50
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Harini K, Ramya K, Sukumar M. Extraction of nano cellulose fibers from the banana peel and bract for production of acetyl and lauroyl cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 201:329-339. [PMID: 30241826 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The principal aim of the present study is to develop a method for the production of cellulose nanofibers, from the banana peel (BP) and bract (BB). It is also the aim of this study to produce cellulose-based biopolymers through acetyl and lauroyl modifications. The microwave digestion method and ball milling assisted ultra-sonication method was optimized for sustainable extraction of micro and nano cellulose fibers, respectively. The microwave digestion method was found to be effective in the removal of hemicellulose and lignin. Micro and nano cellulose fibers of BP and BB were found to contain type I cellulose structure. Thermal stability and crystallinity index of cellulose nanofibers were examined to be higher than it's native micro cellulose. Nano cellulose fibers were examined to be a potential source for production of acetyl and lauroyl cellulose, with a high degree of substitution and thermal stability. Hence, microwave digestion and ball milling assisted ultra-sonication method was proven to be effective in the extraction of nano cellulose fiber for development of cellulose-based polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Harini
- Centre for Food Technology, Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Ramya
- Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Sukumar
- Centre for Food Technology, Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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