1
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Wang T, Chen Y, Chen B, Suazo MJ, Purwanto NS, Torkelson JM. Reprocessable, Self-Healing, and Creep-Resistant Covalent Adaptable Network Made from Chain-Growth Monomers with Dynamic Covalent Thionourethane and Disulfide Cross-Links. ACS Macro Lett 2024:1147-1155. [PMID: 39150319 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
We synthesized covalent adaptable networks (CANs) made from chain-growth comonomers using nonisocyanate thiourethane chemistry. We derivatized glycidyl methacrylate with cyclic dithiocarbonate (GMA-DTC), did a free-radical polymerization of n-hexyl methacrylate with GMA-DTC to obtain a statistical copolymer with 8 mol % GMA-DTC, and cross-linked it with difunctional amine. The dynamic covalent thionourethane and disulfide bonds lead to CAN reprocessability with full recovery of the cross-link density; the temperature dependence of the rubbery plateau modulus indicates that associative character dominates the dynamic response. The CAN exhibits complete self-healing at 110 °C with tensile property recovery and excellent creep resistance at 90-100 °C. Stress relaxation at 140-170 °C reveals an activation energy of 105 ± 6 kJ/mol, equal to the activation energy (Ea) of the CAN poly(n-hexyl methacrylate) backbone α-relaxation. We hypothesize that CANs with exclusively or predominantly associative dynamics have their stress-relaxation Ea defined by the α-relaxation Ea. This hypothesis is supported by stress relaxation studies on a similar poly(n-lauryl methacrylate)-based CAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Boran Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Mathew J Suazo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Nathan S Purwanto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - John M Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
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2
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Fenimore LM, Bin Rusayyis MA, Onsager CC, Grayson MA, Torkelson JM. Reprocessable Polymer Networks Containing Sulfur-Based, Percolated Dynamic Covalent Cross-Links and Percolated or Non-Percolated, Static Cross-Links. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400303. [PMID: 38991017 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
One method to improve the properties of covalent adaptable networks (CANs) is to reinforce them with a fraction of permanent cross-links without sacrificing their (re)processability. Here, a simple method to synthesize poly(n-hexyl methacrylate) (PHMA) and poly(n-lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA) networks containing static dialkyl disulfide cross-links (utilizing bis(2-methacryloyl)oxyethyl disulfide, or DSDMA, as a permanent cross-linker) and dynamic dialkylamino sulfur-sulfur cross-links (utilizing BiTEMPS methacrylate as a dissociative dynamic covalent cross-linker) is presented. The robustness and (re)processability of the CANs are demonstrated, including the full recovery of cross-link density after recycling. The authors also investigate the effect of static cross-link content on the stress relaxation responses of the CANs with and without percolated, static cross-links. As PHMA and PLMA have very different activation energies of their respective cooperative segmental mobilities, it is shown that the dissociative CANs without percolated, static cross-links have activation energies of stress relaxation that are dominated by the dissociation of BiTEMPS methacrylate cross-links rather than by the cooperative relaxations of backbone segments, i.e., the alpha relaxation. In CANs with percolated, static cross-links, the segmental relaxation of side chains, i.e., the beta relaxation, is critical in allowing for large-scale stress relaxation and governs their activation energies of stress relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan M Fenimore
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mohammed A Bin Rusayyis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Claire C Onsager
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Matthew A Grayson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - John M Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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3
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Guerrero F, De la Flor S, Serra À. Preparation and Characterization of Novel Poly(thiourethane)-Poly(isocyanurate) Covalent Adaptable Networks: Effect of the Catalysts. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400330. [PMID: 38924588 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Poly(thiourethane)-based covalent adaptable networks are synthesized by reacting a trimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate (Desmodur N3300) containing isocyanurate groups in its structure with 1,6-hexanedithiol. The catalysts evaluated for this process include dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), lanthanum triflate (La(OTf)3), and a thermal precursor of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (BGDBU). The use of DBTDL results in the initiation of curing upon mixing, while the other two catalysts exhibit a latency period in the reactive mixture, with curing starting at about 90 °C. Notably, the use of the lanthanum salt produces an additional minor exothermic reaction at 80 °C. This phenomenon corresponds to the trimerization of isocyanates rending isocyanurates, leaving a portion of unreacted thiols. Materials prepared with BGDBU or La(OTf)3 present shorter relaxation times than those prepared with DBTDL. Nevertheless, the materials containing the lanthanum salt do not reach complete relaxation, likely due to the reinforcement of the permanent network through increased isocyanurate content. The formation of isocyanurates produces a stoichiometric imbalance, leaving unreacted thiols. This transforms the exchange process into a dual mechanism involving a dissociative process of thiourethanes to isocyanate and thiol, along with an interchange through thiol attacking the thiourethane group. The materials exhibit good recyclability and self-healing characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Guerrero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n Edif. N4, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Silvia De la Flor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans, 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Àngels Serra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo s/n Edif. N4, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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Yokoyama K, Guan Z. A Vitrimer Acts as a Compatibilizer for Polyethylene and Polypropylene Blends. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317264. [PMID: 38407469 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Polymer compatibilization plays a critical role in achieving polymer blends with favorable mechanical properties and enabling efficient recycling of mixed plastic wastes. Nonetheless, traditional compatibilization methods often require tailored designs based on the specific chemical compositions of the blends. In this study, we propose a new approach for compatibilizing polymer blends using a dynamically crosslinked polymer network, known as vitrimers. By adding a relatively small amount (1-5 w/w%) of a vitrimer made of siloxane-crosslinked high-density polyethylene (HDPE), we successfully compatibilized unmodified HDPE and isotactic polypropylene (iPP). The vitrimer-compatibilized blend exhibited enhanced elongation at break (120 %) and smaller iPP domain sizes (0.4 μm) compared to the control blend (22 % elongation at break, 0.9 μm iPP droplet size). Moreover, the vitrimer-compatibilized blend showed significantly improved microphase stability during annealing at 180 °C. This straightforward method shows promise for applications across various polymer blend systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, United States
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Irvine, California, 92697, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Irvine, California, 92697, United States
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5
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Guerrero-Ruiz F, Otaegi I, Verde-Sesto E, Bonardd S, Maiz J. Revealing Dynamic Behavior in High Dielectric Poly(thiourethane)-Based Vitrimer-like Materials. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:5473-5484. [PMID: 38752014 PMCID: PMC11091852 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Here, we have explored covalent adaptable networks (CANs) comprising poly(thiourethane)-based systems (PTUs). The PTUs were synthesized through the combination of thiol and isocyanate monomers in stoichiometric proportions, in the presence of dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) provided detailed insight into the vitrimeric behavior. Through these investigations, we evaluated the viscoelastic, thermomechanical, and vitrimeric properties. Additionally, broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) revealed the various relaxation processes inherent in such vitrimer-like materials. We methodically examined the evolution of each relaxation in every prepared sample to comprehend the operational mechanisms in these vitrimer-like systems. Our findings underscore that depending on the PTU formulation, the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the topology freezing transition temperature (Tv) can be effectively distinguished and studied. Considering the high dipole moment of the dynamic bonds present in these systems, there is potential for utilizing them as dielectric materials working under the concept of dipolar glass polymers. Furthermore, the reversibility exhibited by their inner chemical structures positions them as promising candidates for active layers in capacitor devices, particularly for energy-related applications, with the ability to be recyclable while maintaining almost invariant both their mechanical and dielectric properties, thus promoting the extension of the lifespan of electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Guerrero-Ruiz
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics
Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Itziar Otaegi
- POLYMAT
and Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ester Verde-Sesto
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics
Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE-Basque
Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sebastian Bonardd
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics
Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jon Maiz
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics
Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE-Basque
Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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6
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Sun Y, Liu Z, Zhang C, Zhang X. Sustainable Polymers with High Performance and Infinite Scalability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400142. [PMID: 38421200 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Our society has been pursuing high-performance biodegradable polymers made from facile methods and readily available monomers. Here, we demonstrate a library of enzyme-degradable polymers with desirable properties from the first reported step polyaddition of diamines, COS, and diacrylates. The polymers contain in-chain ester and thiourethane groups, which can serve as lipase-degradation and hydrogen-bonding physical crosslinking points, respectively, resulting in possible biodegradability as well as upgraded mechanical and thermal properties. Also, the properties of the polymers are scalable due to the versatile method and the wide variety of monomers. We obtain 46 polymers with tunable performance covering high-Tm crystalline plastics, thermoplastic elastomers, and amorphous plastics by regulating polymer structure. Additionally, the polymerization method is highly efficient, atom-economical, quantitatively yield, metal- and even catalyst-free. Overall, the polymers are promising green materials given their degradability, simple and modular synthesis, remarkable and tunable properties, and readily available monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziheng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengjian Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Deng Y, Zhang Q, Feringa BL. Dynamic Chemistry Toolbox for Advanced Sustainable Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308666. [PMID: 38321810 PMCID: PMC11005721 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Developing dynamic chemistry for polymeric materials offers chemical solutions to solve key problems associated with current plastics. Mechanical performance and dynamic function are equally important in material design because the former determines the application scope and the latter enables chemical recycling and hence sustainability. However, it is a long-term challenge to balance the subtle trade-off between mechanical robustness and dynamic properties in a single material. The rise of dynamic chemistry, including supramolecular and dynamic covalent chemistry, provides many opportunities and versatile molecular tools for designing constitutionally dynamic materials that can adapt, repair, and recycle. Facing the growing social need for developing advanced sustainable materials without compromising properties, recent progress showing how the toolbox of dynamic chemistry can be explored to enable high-performance sustainable materials by molecular engineering strategies is discussed here. The state of the art and recent milestones are summarized and discussed, followed by an outlook toward future opportunities and challenges present in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Deng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterSchool of Chemistry and Technology130 Meilong RoadShanghai200237China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4Groningen9747 AGThe Netherlands
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterSchool of Chemistry and Technology130 Meilong RoadShanghai200237China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4Groningen9747 AGThe Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterSchool of Chemistry and Technology130 Meilong RoadShanghai200237China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4Groningen9747 AGThe Netherlands
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8
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Zhu Y, Li W, He Z, Zhang K, Nie X, Fu R, Chen J. Catalyst-Free Cardanol-Based Epoxy Vitrimers for Self-Healing, Shape Memory, and Recyclable Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:307. [PMID: 38337195 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bio-based vitrimers present a promising solution to the issues associated with non-renewable and non-recyclable attributes of traditional thermosetting resins, showcasing extensive potential for diverse applications. However, their broader adoption has been hindered by the requirement for catalyst inclusion during the synthesis process. In this study, a cardanol-based curing agent with poly-hydroxy and tertiary amine structures was prepared by a clean synthetic method under the theory of click chemistry. The reaction of a cardanol-based curing agent with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A formed catalyst-free, self-healing, and recyclable bio-based vitrimers. The poly-hydroxy and tertiary amine structures in the vitrimers promoted the curing of epoxy-carboxylic acid in the cross-linked network and served as internal catalysts of dynamic transesterification. In the absence of catalysts, the vitrimers network can achieve topological network rearrangement through dynamic transesterification, exhibiting excellent reprocessing performance. Moreover, the vitrimers exhibited faster stress relaxation (1500 s at 180 °C), lower activation energy (92.29 kJ·mol-1) and the tensile strength of the recycled material reached almost 100% of the original sample. This work offers a new method for preparing cardanol-based epoxy vitrimers that be used to make coatings, hydrogels, biomaterials, adhesives, and commodity plastics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Zhouyu He
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xiaoan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Renli Fu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
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9
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Miravalle E, Bracco P, Brunella V, Barolo C, Zanetti M. Improving Sustainability through Covalent Adaptable Networks in the Recycling of Polyurethane Plastics. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3780. [PMID: 37765634 PMCID: PMC10537520 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The global plastic waste problem has created an urgent need for the development of more sustainable materials and recycling processes. Polyurethane (PU) plastics, which represent 5.5% of globally produced plastics, are particularly challenging to recycle owing to their crosslinked structure. Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) based on dynamic covalent bonds have emerged as a promising solution for recycling PU waste. CANs enable the production of thermoset polymers that can be recycled using methods that are traditionally reserved for thermoplastic polymers. Reprocessing using hot-pressing techniques, in particular, proved to be more suited for the class of polyurethanes, allowing for the efficient recycling of PU materials. This Review paper explores the potential of CANs for improving the sustainability of PU recycling processes by examining different types of PU-CANs, bond types, and fillers that can be used to optimise the recycling efficiency. The paper concludes that further research is needed to develop more cost-effective and industrial-friendly techniques for recycling PU-CANs, as they can significantly contribute to sustainable development by creating recyclable thermoset polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Miravalle
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Pierangiola Bracco
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (C.B.)
- INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Brunella
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (C.B.)
- INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (C.B.)
- INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Turin, Italy
- ICxT Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10153 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Zanetti
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.M.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (C.B.)
- INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via G. Quarello 15A, 10135 Turin, Italy
- ICxT Interdepartmental Centre, University of Turin, Via Lungo Dora Siena 100, 10153 Turin, Italy
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10
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Lopez de Pariza X, Varela O, Catt SO, Long TE, Blasco E, Sardon H. Recyclable photoresins for light-mediated additive manufacturing towards Loop 3D printing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5504. [PMID: 37679370 PMCID: PMC10484940 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41267-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) of polymeric materials enables the manufacturing of complex structures for a wide range of applications. Among AM methods vat photopolymerization (VP) is desired owing to improved efficiency, excellent surface finish, and printing resolution at the micron-scale. Nevertheless, the major portion of resins available for VP are based on systems with limited or negligible recyclability. Here, we describe an approach that enables the printing of a resin that is amenable to re-printing with retained properties and appearance. To that end, we take advantage of the potential of polythiourethane chemistry, which not only permits the click reaction between polythiols and polyisocyanates in the presence of organic bases, allowing a fast-printing process but also chemical recycling, reshaping, and reparation of the printed structures, paving the way toward the development of truly sustainable recyclable photoprintable resins. We demonstrate that this closed-loop 3D printing process is feasible both at the macroscale and microscale via DLP or DLW, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Lopez de Pariza
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Oihane Varela
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Samantha O Catt
- Heidelberg University, Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Organic Chemistry Institute (OCI), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timothy E Long
- Arizona State University, School of Molecular Science and Biodesign Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Eva Blasco
- Heidelberg University, Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Organic Chemistry Institute (OCI), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain.
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11
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Ma Y, Jiang X, Shi Z, Berrocal JA, Weder C. Closed-Loop Recycling of Vinylogous Urethane Vitrimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306188. [PMID: 37439363 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Devising energy-efficient strategies for the depolymerization of plastics and the recovery of their structural components in high yield and purity is key to a circular plastics economy. Here, we report a case study in which we demonstrate that vinylogous urethane (VU) vitrimers synthesized from bis-polyethylene glycol acetoacetates (aPEG) and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine can be degraded by water at moderate temperature with almost quantitative recovery (≈98 %) of aPEG. The rate of depolymerization can be controlled by the temperature, amount of water, molecular weight of aPEG, and composition of the starting material. These last two parameters also allow one to tailor the mechanical properties of the final materials, and this was used to access soft, tough, and brittle vitrimers, respectively. The straightforward preparation and depolymerization of the aPEG-based VU vitrimers are interesting elements for the design of polymer materials with enhanced closed-loop recycling characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Ma
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zixing Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - José Augusto Berrocal
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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12
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Zeng Y, Song J, Li J, Yuan C. Influence of Isocyanate Structure on Recyclable Shape Memory Poly(thiourethane). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114040. [PMID: 37297174 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, poly(thiourethane) (PTU) with different structures is synthesized by click chemistry from trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (S3) and different diisocyanates (hexamethylene diisocyanate, HDI, isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI and toluene diisocyanate, TDI). Quantitative analysis of the FTIR spectra reveals that the reaction rates between TDI and S3 are the most rapid, resulting from the combined influence of conjugation and spatial site hindrance. Moreover, the homogeneous cross-linked network of the synthesized PTUs facilitates better manageability of the shape memory effect. All three PTUs exhibit excellent shape memory properties (Rr and Rf are over 90%), and an increase in chain rigidity is observed to negatively impact the shape recovery rate and fix rate. Moreover, all three PTUs exhibit satisfactory reprocessability performance, and an increase in chain rigidity is accompanied by a greater decrease in shape memory and a smaller decrease in mechanical performance for recycled PTUs. Contact angle (<90°) and in vitro degradation results (13%/month for HDI-based PTU, 7.5%/month for IPDI-based PTU, and 8.5%/month for TDI-based PTU) indicate that PTUs can be used as long-term or medium-term biodegradable materials. The synthesized PTUs have a high potential for applications in smart response scenarios requiring specific glass transition temperatures, such as artificial muscles, soft robots, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710018, China
| | - Jiale Song
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710018, China
| | - Jinfu Li
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710018, China
| | - Chi Yuan
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710018, China
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13
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Yan T, Balzer AH, Herbert KM, Epps TH, Korley LTJ. Circularity in polymers: addressing performance and sustainability challenges using dynamic covalent chemistries. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5243-5265. [PMID: 37234906 PMCID: PMC10208058 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00551h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The circularity of current and future polymeric materials is a major focus of fundamental and applied research, as undesirable end-of-life outcomes and waste accumulation are global problems that impact our society. The recycling or repurposing of thermoplastics and thermosets is an attractive solution to these issues, yet both options are encumbered by poor property retention upon reuse, along with heterogeneities in common waste streams that limit property optimization. Dynamic covalent chemistry, when applied to polymeric materials, enables the targeted design of reversible bonds that can be tailored to specific reprocessing conditions to help address conventional recycling challenges. In this review, we highlight the key features of several dynamic covalent chemistries that can promote closed-loop recyclability and we discuss recent synthetic progress towards incorporating these chemistries into new polymers and existing commodity plastics. Next, we outline how dynamic covalent bonds and polymer network structure influence thermomechanical properties related to application and recyclability, with a focus on predictive physical models that describe network rearrangement. Finally, we examine the potential economic and environmental impacts of dynamic covalent polymeric materials in closed-loop processing using elements derived from techno-economic analysis and life-cycle assessment, including minimum selling prices and greenhouse gas emissions. Throughout each section, we discuss interdisciplinary obstacles that hinder the widespread adoption of dynamic polymers and present opportunities and new directions toward the realization of circularity in polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Yan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
- Center for Plastics Innovation (CPI), University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
| | - Alex H Balzer
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
- Center for Plastics Innovation (CPI), University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
| | - Katie M Herbert
- Center for Plastics Innovation (CPI), University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
| | - Thomas H Epps
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
- Center for Plastics Innovation (CPI), University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
- Center for Research in Soft matter and Polymers (CRiSP), University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
| | - LaShanda T J Korley
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
- Center for Plastics Innovation (CPI), University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
- Center for Research in Soft matter and Polymers (CRiSP), University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
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14
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Nguyen ST, Fries LR, Cox JH, Ma Y, Fors BP, Knowles RR. Chemical Recycling of Thiol Epoxy Thermosets via Light-Driven C-C Bond Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11151-11160. [PMID: 37167410 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy thermosets are high-volume materials that play a central role in a wide range of engineering applications; however, technologies to recycle these polymers remain rare. Here, we present a catalytic, light-driven method that enables chemical recycling of industrially relevant thiol epoxy thermosets to their original monomer at ambient temperature. This strategy relies on the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) activation of hydroxy groups within the polymer network to generate key alkoxy radicals that promote the fragmentation of the polymer through C-C bond β-scission. The method fully depolymerizes insoluble thiol epoxy thermosets into well-defined mixtures of small-molecule products, which can collectively be converted into the original monomer via a one-step dealkylation process. Notably, this process is selective and efficient even in the presence of other commodity plastics and additives commonly found in commercial applications. These results constitute an important step toward making epoxy thermosets recyclable and more generally exemplify the potential of PCET to offer a more sustainable end-of-life for a diverse array of commercial plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suong T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lydia R Fries
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James H Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yuting Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Brett P Fors
- Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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15
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Yue L, Su YL, Li M, Yu L, Montgomery SM, Sun X, Finn MG, Gutekunst WR, Ramprasad R, Qi HJ. One-Pot Synthesis of Depolymerizable δ-Lactone Based Vitrimers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300954. [PMID: 37060583 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A depolymerizable vitrimer that allows both reprocessability and monomer recovery by a simple and scalable one-pot two-step synthesis of vitrimers from cyclic lactones is reported. Biobased δ-valerolactone with alkyl substituents (δ-lactone) has low ceiling temperature; thus, their ring-opening-polymerized aliphatic polyesters are capable of depolymerizing back to monomers. In this work, the amorphous poly(δ-lactone) is solidified into an elastomer (i.e., δ-lactone vitrimer) by a vinyl ether cross-linker with dynamic acetal linkages, giving the merits of reprocessing and healing. Thermolysis of the bulk δ-lactone vitrimer at 200 °C can recover 85-90 wt% of the material, allowing reuse without losing value and achieving a successful closed-loop life cycle. It further demonstrates that the new vitrimer has excellent properties, with the potential to serve as a biobased and sustainable replacement of conventional soft elastomers for various applications such as lenses, mold materials, soft robots, and microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yue
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Yong-Liang Su
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Mingzhe Li
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Luxia Yu
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - S Macrae Montgomery
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Xiaohao Sun
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - M G Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Will R Gutekunst
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Rampi Ramprasad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - H Jerry Qi
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Rewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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16
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Qian Y, Dong F, Guo L, Lu S, Xu X, Liu H. Self-Healing and Reprocessable Terpene Polysiloxane-Based Poly(thiourethane-urethane) Material with Reversible Thiourethane Bonds. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1184-1193. [PMID: 36808988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane materials will come into contact with different solvents in daily life, and at the same time, they will be subject to different degrees of collision, wear and tear. Failure to take corresponding preventative or reparative measures will result in a waste of resources and an increase in costs. To this end, we prepared a novel polysiloxane with isobornyl acrylate and thiol groups as side groups, which was further used in the preparation of poly(thiourethane-urethane) materials. Thiourethane bonds generated by the click reaction of thiol groups with isocyanates endow poly(thiourethane-urethane) materials with the ability to heal and reprocess. Isobornyl acrylate with a large sterically hindered rigid ring promotes segment migration, accelerating the exchange of thiourethane bonds, which is beneficial to the recycling of materials. These results not only promote the development of terpene derivative-based polysiloxanes but also show the great potential of thiourethane as a dynamic covalent bond in the field of polymer reprocessing and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fuhao Dong
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, 210042 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lizhen Guo
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, 210042 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shanling Lu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - He Liu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Laboratory of Forest Chemical Engineering, State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, 210042 Jiangsu Province, China
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17
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Fang Z, Shi Y, Mu H, Lu R, Wu J, Xie T. 3D printing of dynamic covalent polymer network with on-demand geometric and mechanical reprogrammability. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1313. [PMID: 36899070 PMCID: PMC10006071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Delicate geometries and suitable mechanical properties are essential for device applications of polymer materials. 3D printing offers unprecedented versatility, but the geometries and mechanical properties are typically fixed after printing. Here, we report a 3D photo-printable dynamic covalent network that can undergo two independently controllable bond exchange reactions, allowing reprogramming the geometry and mechanical properties after printing. Specifically, the network is designed to contain hindered urea bonds and pendant hydroxyl groups. The homolytic exchange between hindered urea bonds allows reconfiguring the printed shape without affecting the network topology and mechanical properties. Under different conditions, the hindered urea bonds are transformed into urethane bonds via exchange reactions with hydroxyl groups, which permits tailoring of the mechanical properties. The freedom to reprogram the shape and properties in an on-demand fashion offers the opportunity to produce multiple 3D printed products from one single printing step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizheng Fang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, No. 733, Jianshe San Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P.R. China
| | - Hongfeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P.R. China
| | - Runzhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P.R. China
| | - Jingjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P.R. China. .,Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, 1 Qianhu South Road, Ningbo, 315807, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P.R. China.
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18
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Mao H, Zhang Q, Lin L, He X, Wang L. A Self-Healable and Recyclable Zwitterionic Polyurethane Based on Dynamic Ionic Interactions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051270. [PMID: 36904510 PMCID: PMC10007035 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurethanes with self-healing and reprocessing capabilities are promising in eco-friendly applications. Here, a self-healable and recyclable zwitterionic polyurethane (ZPU) was developed by introducing ionic bonds between protonated ammonium groups and sulfonic acid moieties. The structure of the synthesized ZPU was characterized by FTIR and XPS. The thermal, mechanical, self-healing and recyclable properties of ZPU were also investigated in detail. Compared with cationic polyurethane (CPU), ZPU shows similar thermal stability. The physical cross-linking network formed between zwitterion groups can dissipate strain energy as a weak dynamic bond, endowing ZPU with outstanding mechanical and elastic recovery properties, including the high tensile strength of 7.38 MPa, high elongation at a break of 980%, and fast elastic recovery ability. Additionally, ZPU exhibits a healing efficiency of over 93% at 50 °C for 1.5 h as a result of the dynamic reconstruction of reversible ionic bonds. Furthermore, ZPU can be well reprocessed by solution casting and hot-pressing with a recovery efficiency above 88%. The excellent mechanical properties, fast repairing capability, and good recyclability not only enable polyurethane with a promising application in protective coatings for textiles and paints but also make it a superior candidate as stretchable substrates for wearable electronic devices and strain sensors.
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19
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Purwanto NS, Chen Y, Wang T, Torkelson JM. Rapidly synthesized, self-blowing, non-isocyanate Polyurethane network foams with reprocessing to bulk networks via hydroxyurethane dynamic chemistry. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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20
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Maes S, Van Lijsebetten F, Winne JM, Du Prez FE. N-Sulfonyl Urethanes to Design Polyurethane Networks with Temperature-Controlled Dynamicity. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Maes
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Lijsebetten
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Johan M. Winne
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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21
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Zhou X, Kandalai S, Hossain F, Zhang N, Li H, Zheng Q. pH-Responsive and Recyclable Hydrogels for Gas Releasing and Scavenging. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300008. [PMID: 36807445 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Gas-releasing/scavenging hydrogels have wide applications in biomedical and industrial fields. However, the covalently crosslinked nature of these existing materials makes them difficult to degrade or recycle, leading to a waste of raw materials and aggravating environmental pollution. Herein, a new class of pH-responsive and recyclable hydrogels with versatile gas-releasing and scavenging properties is reported, utilizing pH changes to reversibly control disassembly and reassembly of the hydrogel network. The initial hydrogels are constructed via the one-pot radical polymerization and contain dynamic molecular networks based on hydrophobic interactions, which can disassemble when the materials are placed in low pH solutions. The disassembled copolymer chains can reform hydrogels, following supplementation with fresh mineral salts and micelle monomers in neutral solutions. Moreover, the mineral salts used to reform hydrogels can function as gas donors or scavengers, endowing these hydrogels with versatile gas-releasing and consuming properties. Overall, this research provides a facile and environmentally friendly method to recycle hydrogels with gas-releasing and gas-scavenging properties, which have potential applications in diverse fields, including wound healing, wastewater management, and gas therapy for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuang Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States.,Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | - Shruthi Kandalai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States.,Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | - Farzana Hossain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States.,Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States.,Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | - Huapeng Li
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | - Qingfei Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States.,Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States.,Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
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22
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Jeong JE, Lee JW, Bae MJ, Bae HE, Seo E, Lee S, Shin J, Lee SH, Jung YJ, Jung H, Park YI, Cheong IW, Kim HR, Kim JC. NIR-Triggered High-Efficiency Self-Healable Protective Optical Coating for Vision Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8510-8520. [PMID: 36722695 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, self-healing materials have evolved to recover specific functions such as electronic, magnetic, acoustic, structural or hierarchical, and biological properties. In particular, the development of self-healing protection coatings that can be applied to lens components in vision systems such as augmented reality glasses, actuators, and image and time-of-flight sensors has received intensive attention from the industry. In the present study, we designed polythiourethane dynamic networks containing a photothermal N-butyl-substituted diimmonium borate dye to demonstrate their potential applications in self-healing protection coatings for the optical components of vision systems. The optimized self-healing coating exhibited a high transmittance (∼95% in the visible-light region), tunable refractive index (up to 1.6), a moderate Abbe number (∼35), and high surface hardness (>200 MPa). When subjected to near-infrared (NIR) radiation (1064 nm), the surface temperature of the coating increased to 75 °C via the photothermal effect and self-healing of the scratched coatings occurred via a dynamic thiourethane exchange reaction. The coating was applied to a lens protector, and its self-healing performance was demonstrated. The light signal distorted by the scratched surface of the coating was perfectly restored after NIR-induced self-healing. The photoinduced self-healing process can also autonomously occur under sunlight with low energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Jeong
- Department of Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ju Bae
- Department of Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Eun Bae
- Department of Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Seo
- Department of Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulchan Lee
- Department of Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan44412, Republic of Korea
| | - JungYeop Shin
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Department of Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jung
- Department of Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyocheol Jung
- Department of Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Il Park
- Department of Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan44412, Republic of Korea
| | - In Woo Cheong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Rin Kim
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu41566, Republic of Korea
- School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Kim
- Department of Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan44412, Republic of Korea
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23
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Husted KEL, Brown CM, Shieh P, Kevlishvili I, Kristufek SL, Zafar H, Accardo JV, Cooper JC, Klausen RS, Kulik HJ, Moore JS, Sottos NR, Kalow JA, Johnson JA. Remolding and Deconstruction of Industrial Thermosets via Carboxylic Acid-Catalyzed Bifunctional Silyl Ether Exchange. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1916-1923. [PMID: 36637230 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Convenient strategies for the deconstruction and reprocessing of thermosets could improve the circularity of these materials, but most approaches developed to date do not involve established, high-performance engineering materials. Here, we show that bifunctional silyl ether, i.e., R'O-SiR2-OR'', (BSE)-based comonomers generate covalent adaptable network analogues of the industrial thermoset polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD) through a novel BSE exchange process facilitated by the low-cost food-safe catalyst octanoic acid. Experimental studies and density functional theory calculations suggest an exchange mechanism involving silyl ester intermediates with formation rates that strongly depend on the Si-R2 substituents. As a result, pDCPD thermosets manufactured with BSE comonomers display temperature- and time-dependent stress relaxation as a function of their substituents. Moreover, bulk remolding of pDCPD thermosets is enabled for the first time. Altogether, this work presents a new approach toward the installation of exchangeable bonds into commercial thermosets and establishes acid-catalyzed BSE exchange as a versatile addition to the toolbox of dynamic covalent chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith E L Husted
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher M Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peyton Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ilia Kevlishvili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samantha L Kristufek
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hadiqa Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph V Accardo
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julian C Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign County, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Rebekka S Klausen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign County, Illinois 61820, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign County, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nancy R Sottos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign County, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julia A Kalow
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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24
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Hang G, Liu W, Shakir U, Zhang T, Zheng S. Self-healable and reprocessable networks of Poly(propylene oxide) with POSS crosslinked with disulfide bonds. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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25
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Zhao C, Yue H, Huang M, He S, Liu H, Liu W, Zhu C, Jiang L. Thermal/Near-Infrared Light Dual-Responsive Reconfigurable and Recyclable Polythiourethane/CNT Composite with Simultaneously Enhanced Strength and Toughness. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 44:e2200806. [PMID: 36444920 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Thermoset polymers cross-linked by dynamic covalent bonds are recyclable and reconfigurable based on solid-state plasticity, resulting in less waste and environmental pollution. However, most thermoset polymers previously reported show thermal-responsive solid-state plasticity, depending much on external conditions and not allowing for local shape modulation. Here, the isocyanate modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs-NCO) are introduced into the polythiourethane (PCTU) network with multiple dynamic covalent bonds by in situ polymerization to prepare the composite with thermal/light dual-responsive solid-state plasticity, reconfigurability, and recyclability. The introduction of CNTs-NCO simultaneously strengthens and toughens the PCTU composite. Moreover, based on the photothermal properties and light-responsive solid-state plasticity, the PCTU/CNTs composite or bilayer sample could achieve complex permanent shape by locally precise shape regulation without affecting other parts. This work provides a simple and reliable method for preparing high-performance polymer composite with light-responsive solid-state plasticity, which may be applied in the fields of sensing and flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrui Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Yue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Miaoming Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Suqin He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chengshen Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- High &New Technology Research Center of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
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26
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Guerrero F, De la Flor S, Ramis X, Santos JI, Serra A. Novel hybrid organic/inorganic poly(thiourethane) covalent adaptable networks. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Orrillo AG, Furlan RLE. Sulfur in Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201168. [PMID: 35447003 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur has been important in dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) since the beginning of the field. Mainly as part of disulfides and thioesters, dynamic sulfur-based bonds (DSBs) have a leading role in several remarkable reactions. Part of this success is due to the almost ideal properties of DSBs for the preparation of dynamic covalent systems, including high reactivity and good reversibility under mild aqueous conditions, the possibility of exploiting supramolecular interactions, access to isolable structures, and easy experimental control to turn the reaction on/off. DCC is currently witnessing an increase in the importance of DSBs. The chemical flexibility offered by DSBs opens the door to multiple applications. This Review presents an overview of all the DSBs used in DCC, their applications, and remarks on the interesting properties that they confer on dynamic chemical systems, especially those containing several DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gastón Orrillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Suipacha 531, Rosario, S2002LRK, Argentina
| | - Ricardo L E Furlan
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Suipacha 531, Rosario, S2002LRK, Argentina
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28
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Hu S, Chen X, Bin Rusayyis MA, Purwanto NS, Torkelson JM. Reprocessable polyhydroxyurethane networks reinforced with reactive polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and exhibiting excellent elevated temperature creep resistance. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Orrillo AG, Furlan RLE. Sulfur in Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Gastón Orrillo
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas Organic Chemistry Suipacha 530 2000 Rosario ARGENTINA
| | - Ricardo L. E. Furlan
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas Organic Chemistry Suipacha 530 2000 Rosario ARGENTINA
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30
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Bin Rusayyis MA, Torkelson JM. Reprocessable and Recyclable Chain-Growth Polymer Networks Based on Dynamic Hindered Urea Bonds. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:568-574. [PMID: 35575326 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conventional cross-linked polymers cannot be reprocessed because of the presence of permanent covalent cross-links, preventing reuse and recycling. Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) employ dynamic covalent bonds that undergo dynamic reactions under external stimulus, allowing recyclability of these network materials. Hindered urea chemistry is one of the recently discovered dissociative dynamic chemistries. While hindered urea bonds have traditionally been exploited in the synthesis of step-growth type CANs, the use of hindered urea bonds in the synthesis of chain-growth-type dynamic networks has only been narrowly explored. Here, we present a simple, catalyst-free, fast method to synthesize a hindered-urea-based dynamic cross-linker that can undergo a free radical polymerization with vinyl-type monomers or polymers to form reprocessable CANs. Using this cross-linker, we developed dynamic polymethacrylate networks that can be (re)processed at 80 °C. These dynamic covalent networks exhibit full recovery of cross-link density after multiple recycling steps; they are only the second chain-growth network synthesized directly and exclusively from carbon-carbon double bond monomers to demonstrate such recovery. Unlike other dissociative dynamic polymer networks, polymethacrylate networks that contain dissociative dynamic hindered urea bonds do not flow and maintain their network structure even at high temperature (300 °C). Despite its relatively fast reprocessability, the network showed delayed and extremely slow stress relaxation at the processing temperature. This work offers a simple approach to obtain reprocessable addition-type networks based on hindered urea bonds while revealing the limitations of stress relaxation experiments in relationship to the processability of some dynamic polymer networks.
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31
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Saed M, Gablier A, Terentjev EM. Exchangeable Liquid Crystalline Elastomers and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4927-4945. [PMID: 33596647 PMCID: PMC8915166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This Review presents and discusses the current state of the art in "exchangeable liquid crystalline elastomers", that is, LCE materials utilizing dynamically cross-linked networks capable of reprocessing, reprogramming, and recycling. The focus here is on the chemistry and the specific reaction mechanisms that enable the dynamic bond exchange, of which there is a variety. We compare and contrast these different chemical mechanisms and the key properties of their resulting elastomers. In the conclusion, we discuss the most promising applications that are enabled by dynamic cross-linking and present a summary table: a library of currently available materials and their main characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohand
O. Saed
- Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Alexandra Gablier
- Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Eugene M. Terentjev
- Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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32
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Miao W, Yang B, Jin B, Ni C, Feng H, Xue Y, Zheng N, Zhao Q, Shen Y, Xie T. An Orthogonal Dynamic Covalent Polymer Network with Distinctive Topology Transformations for Shape- and Molecular Architecture Reconfiguration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202109941. [PMID: 34985780 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bond exchange in a typical dynamic covalent polymer network allows access to macroscopic shape reconfigurability, but the network architecture is not altered. An alternative possibility is that the network architecture can be designed to switch to various topological states corresponding to different material properties. Achieving both in one network can expand the material scope, but their intrinsically conflicting mechanisms make it challenging. We design a dynamic covalent network that can undergo two orthogonal topological transformations, namely transesterification on the branched chains and olefin metathesis on the mainframe. This allows independent control of the macroscopic shape and molecular architecture. With this design, we illustrate a bottlebrush network with programmable shape and spatially definable mechanical properties. Our strategy paves a way to on-demand regulation of network polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusha Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Binjie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chujun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Haijun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yaoting Xue
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China
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33
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Wang L, Yu Q, Liu L, Zhao H. Synthesis and modification of polymers by thiol-phenylsulfone substitution reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2148-2151. [PMID: 35050285 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06557b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiol chemistry is a type of highly efficient chemical reaction between thiols and functional groups. During the past two decades, thiol chemistry has been widely applied in the synthesis and modification of polymers. With the rapid development of polymer chemistry and materials science, more thiol click reactions, which can be efficiently performed under mild conditions, are required. In this research, the synthesis and modification of polymers by thiol-phenylsulfone substitution reactions are reported. A monomer containing two phenylsulfonyl groups is synthesized and the monomer is reacted with bisthiols under mild conditions, leading to the synthesis of novel polymers. Size exclusion chromatography, 1H NMR and differential scanning calorimetry results demonstrate the step-growth polymerization of the monomer. A combination of thiol-phenylsulfone and thiol-disulfide reactions are used in the post-polymerization modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Qianyu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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34
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Jia Y, Jin J, Meng H. Zirconium dioxide@phosphazene for enhancing mechanical property, flame retardancy, and thermal property of polythiourethane composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Junsu Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Hong Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources Xinjiang University Xinjiang China
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35
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Liguori A, Hakkarainen M. Designed from Biobased for Recycling: Imine-Based Covalent Adaptable Networks. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100816. [PMID: 35080074 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Turning thermosets into fully sustainable materials requires utilization of biobased raw materials and design for easy recyclability. Here, dynamic covalent chemistry for fabrication of covalent adaptable networks (CANs) could be an enabling tool. CAN thermosets ideally combine the positive material properties of thermosets with thermal recyclability of linear thermoplastics. Among the dynamic covalent bonds, imine bond, also called Schiff base, can participate in both dissociative and associative pathways. This induces potential for chemical recyclability, thermal reprocessability and self-healing. This review presents an overview of the current research front of biobased thermosets fabricated by Schiff base chemistry. The discussed materials are categorized on the basis of the employed biobased components. The chemical approaches for the synthesis and curing of the resins, as well as the resulting properties and recyclability of the obtained thermosets are described and discussed. Finally, challenges and future perspectives are briefly summarized. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Liguori
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 58, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 58, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden
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36
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Miao W, Yang B, Jin B, Ni C, Feng H, Xue Y, Zheng N, Zhao Q, Shen Y, Xie T. An Orthogonal Dynamic Covalent Polymer Network with Distinctive Topology Transformations for Shape‐ and Molecular Architecture Reconfiguration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wusha Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Binjie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Chujun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Haijun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yaoting Xue
- Institute of Applied Mechanics Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Ning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 311215 China
| | - Youqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 311215 China
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37
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Feng H, Zheng N, Peng W, Ni C, Song H, Zhao Q, Xie T. Upcycling of dynamic thiourea thermoset polymers by intrinsic chemical strengthening. Nat Commun 2022; 13:397. [PMID: 35046425 PMCID: PMC8770626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoset polymers are indispensable but their environmental impact has been an ever-increasing concern given their typical intractability. Although concepts enabling their reprocessing have been demonstrated, their practical potential is limited by the deteriorated performance of the reprocessed materials. Here, we report a thiourea based thermoset elastomer that can be reprocessed with enhanced mechanical properties. We reveal that the thiourea bonds are dynamic which leads to the reprocessibility. More importantly, they can undergo selective oxidation during high temperature reprocessing, resulting in significant chemical strengthening within certain reprocessing cycles. This is opposite to most polymers for which reprocessing typically results in material deterioration. The possibility of having materials with inherent reprocessing induced performance enhancement points to a promising direction towards polymer recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Wenjun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chujun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Huijie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China
| | - Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China
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38
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Wen Z, Bonnaud L, Dubois P, Raquez J. Catalyst‐free reprocessable crosslinked biobased
polybenzoxazine‐polyurethane
based on dynamic carbamate chemistry. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Wen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers Materia Nova Research Center & University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Leïla Bonnaud
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers Materia Nova Research Center & University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers Materia Nova Research Center & University of Mons Mons Belgium
| | - Jean‐Marie Raquez
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers Materia Nova Research Center & University of Mons Mons Belgium
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39
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Holloway JO, Taplan C, Du Prez F. Combining vinylogous urethane and β-amino ester chemistry for dynamic material design. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00026a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study combines vinylogous urethane (VU) and beta-amino ester chemistry for the synthesis of covalent adaptable networks (CANs). The resulting CANs are synthesised using a range of diacetoacetates and commercially...
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40
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Jiang Y, Li M, Liu S, Li R, Zheng Y, Song W, Zheng N. Synthesis and application of thiocarbamates via thiol-dioxazolone modified Lossen rearrangement. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12353-12356. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05198b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiocarbamates afforded from thiol-dioxazolone modified Lossen rearrangement under mild conditions were further applied to prepare polythiocarbamates with self-healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science & Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Polymer Science & Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Liu
- Department of Polymer Science & Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Polymer Science & Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science & Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wangze Song
- Department of Polymer Science & Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science & Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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Liu W, Yang S, Huang L, Xu J, Zhao N. Dynamic covalent polymers enabled by reversible isocyanate chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12399-12417. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04747k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reversible isocyanate chemistry containing urethane, thiourethane, and urea bonds is valuable for designing dynamic covalent polymers to achieve promising applications in recycling, self-healing, shape morphing, 3D printing, and composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shijia Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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42
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Fugolin AP, Pfeifer CS. Engineering a new generation of thermoset self-healing polymers based on intrinsic approaches. JADA FOUNDATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 1:100014. [PMID: 36721425 PMCID: PMC9885846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfscie.2022.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The development of thermosetting polymers with autonomic reparability has become an important research topic since it has the potential to benefit several fields such as biomaterials, tissue engineering, paint and coating technologies, electronics, and soft robotics. In dentistry, the development of restorative materials capable of inhibiting the propagation of microcracks caused by masticatory forces and thermal stress may represent a crucial expansion of the limited clinical lifespan of dental restorations, which is a pressing challenge. Biological systems have inspired the underlying concepts and designs of synthetic polymeric self-healing systems, and different strategies have been used to impart autonomous repair capability in polymers. In this review, the most relevant intrinsic strategies are categorized based on the reaction mechanisms. In general, these strategies rely on the incorporation of latent functionalities capable of undergoing reversible chemical bonds within the polymeric structure (chemically or compositionally tuned). Search Strategy The searches were conducted in the databases Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar and limited to articles that were written in English and published during the last ten years. A few additional articles were included by complementing the database searches with manual review of the reference lists. Overall Conclusions Although intrinsic approaches remain underexplored in dentistry, a wide variety of elegant chemistries with tremendous translational potential employed in other fields to promote autonomic repair are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Fugolin
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Restorative Dentistry Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Carmem S. Pfeifer
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Restorative Dentistry Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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43
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Fang H, Guymon CA. Recent advances to decrease shrinkage stress and enhance mechanical properties in free radical polymerization: a review. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huayang Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA
| | - C. Allan Guymon
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA
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44
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Wang Y, Xiong Y, Hu C, Yang J, Huang Y. Low-dielectric styrene resins with high mechanical strength and good (re)processability via constructing imine-crosslinked network and introducing small amount of amino molecules. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Xue Y, Li C, Wang W, Liu Z, Guo Z, Tan J, Zhang Q. Preparation of Poly(thiol-urethane) Covalent Adaptable Networks Based on Multiple-Types Dynamic Motifs. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100510. [PMID: 34643989 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To solve the issue of polymeric materials recycling, developing intrinsic self-healing materials containing dynamic bonds has attracted many researchers' highly concerning. However, the tradeoff between their mechanical strength and stretchability always does not avoid. Herein, to surmount the above tradeoff, metal-ligand (Cu2+ -S) interactions are introduced into the cross-linking polythiourethane covalent adaptable networks (PTU CANs) with three kinds of dynamic motifs (thiourethane, disulfide, and hydrogen bonds). When the molar ratio of Cu2+ to S is 6.37%, the break strength (9.41 ± 0.34 MPa) and Young's modulus (26.02 ± 0.55 MPa) of the metal-ligand coordination complex PTU (Cu2+ -PTU-3) dramatically increase, whereas the peak strain almost does not decline (454.44 ± 3.95%). To conduct the repairing, Cu2+ -PTU-3 is further confirmed excellent repairing capability. Therefore, these new PTU CANs have significant potential for the new self-healing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zongxu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jiaojun Tan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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Zhou J, Yue H, Huang M, Hao C, He S, Liu H, Liu W, Zhu C, Dong X, Wang D. Arbitrarily Reconfigurable and Thermadapt Reversible Two-Way Shape Memory Poly(thiourethane) Accomplished by Multiple Dynamic Covalent Bonds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:43426-43437. [PMID: 34491715 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of a single polymer network that exhibits a good reversible two-way shape memory effect (2W-SME), can be formed into arbitrarily complex three-dimensional (3D) shapes, and is recyclable remains a challenge. Herein, we design and fabricate poly(thiourethane) (PTU) networks with an excellent thermadapt reversible 2W-SME, arbitrary reconfigurability, and good recyclability via the synergistic effects of multiple dynamic covalent bonds (i.e., ester, urethane, and thiourethane bonds). The PTU samples with good mechanical performance simultaneously demonstrate a maximum tensile stress of 29.7 ± 1.1 MPa and a high strain of 474.8 ± 7.5%. In addition, the fraction of reversible strain of the PTU with 20 wt % hard segment reaches 22.4% during the reversible 2W-SME, where the fraction of reversible strain is enhanced by self-nucleated crystallization of the PTU. A sample with arbitrarily complex permanent 3D shapes can be realized via the solid-state plasticity, and that sample also exhibits excellent reversible 2W-SME. A smart light-responsive actuator with a double control switch is fabricated using a reversible two-way shape memory PTU/MXene film. In addition, the PTU networks are de-cross-linked by alcohol solvolysis, enabling the recovery of monomers and the realization of recyclability. Therefore, the present study involving the design and fabrication of a PTU network for potential applications in intelligent actuators and multifunctional shape-shifting devices provides a new strategy for the development of thermadapt reversible two-way shape memory polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Yue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Miaoming Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chaobo Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Suqin He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chengshen Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xia Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dujin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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47
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Nellepalli P, Patel T, Oh JK. Dynamic Covalent Polyurethane Network Materials: Synthesis and Self-Healability. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100391. [PMID: 34418209 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) has not only been widely used in the daily lives, but also extensively explored as an important class of the essential polymers for various applications. In recent years, significant efforts have been made on the development of self-healable PU materials that possess high performance, extended lifetime, great reliability, and recyclability. A promising approach is the incorporation of covalent dynamic bonds into the design of PU covalently crosslinked polymers and thermoplastic elastomers that can dissociate and reform indefinitely in response to external stimuli or autonomously. This review summarizes various strategies to synthesize self-healable, reprocessable, and recyclable PU materials integrated with dynamic (reversible) Diels-Alder cycloadduct, disulfide, diselenide, imine, boronic ester, and hindered urea bond. Furthermore, various approaches utilizing the combination of dynamic covalent chemistries with nanofiller surface chemistries are described for the fabrication of dynamic heterogeneous PU composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pothanagandhi Nellepalli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Twinkal Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jung Kwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
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Wu S, Yang H, Xu WS, Chen Q. Thermodynamics and Reaction Kinetics of Symmetric Vitrimers Based on Dioxaborolane Metathesis. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
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49
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Edachery Veetil R, Vijayalakshmi KP, Srinivas C, Mathew D, Kalamblayil Sankaranarayanan SK. Soft segment‐free functional polyurethane: A versatile candidate for heat‐healability, non‐dissociative mechanism, and high elongation adhesive materials. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dona Mathew
- Polymers and Special Chemicals Division Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre Trivandrum India
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50
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Salaeh S, Das A, Wießner S, Stapor M. Vitrimer-like material based on a biorenewable elastomer crosslinked with a dimeric fatty acid. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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