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Mandalawatta HP, Rajendra K, Fairfax K, Hewitt AW. Emerging trends in virus and virus-like particle gene therapy delivery to the brain. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102280. [PMID: 39206077 PMCID: PMC11350507 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in gene therapy and gene-editing techniques offer the very real potential for successful treatment of neurological diseases. However, drug delivery constraints continue to impede viable therapeutic interventions targeting the brain due to its anatomical complexity and highly restrictive microvasculature that is impervious to many molecules. Realizing the therapeutic potential of gene-based therapies requires robust encapsulation and safe and efficient delivery to the target cells. Although viral vectors have been widely used for targeted delivery of gene-based therapies, drawbacks such as host genome integration, prolonged expression, undesired off-target mutations, and immunogenicity have led to the development of alternative strategies. Engineered virus-like particles (eVLPs) are an emerging, promising platform that can be engineered to achieve neurotropism through pseudotyping. This review outlines strategies to improve eVLP neurotropism for therapeutic brain delivery of gene-editing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K.C. Rajendra
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kirsten Fairfax
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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2
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Battaglini M, Marino A, Montorsi M, Carmignani A, Ceccarelli MC, Ciofani G. Nanomaterials as Microglia Modulators in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304180. [PMID: 38112345 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Microglia play a pivotal role in the central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, acting as housekeepers and defenders of the surrounding environment. These cells can elicit their functions by shifting into two main phenotypes: pro-inflammatory classical phenotype, M1, and anti-inflammatory alternative phenotype, M2. Despite their pivotal role in CNS homeostasis, microglia phenotypes can influence the development and progression of several CNS disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injuries, and even brain cancer. It is thus clear that the possibility of modulating microglia activation has gained attention as a therapeutic tool against many CNS pathologies. Nanomaterials are an unprecedented tool for manipulating microglia responses, in particular, to specifically target microglia and elicit an in situ immunomodulation activity. This review focuses the discussion on two main aspects: analyzing the possibility of using nanomaterials to stimulate a pro-inflammatory response of microglia against brain cancer and introducing nanostructures able to foster an anti-inflammatory response for treating neurodegenerative disorders. The final aim is to stimulate the analysis of the development of new microglia nano-immunomodulators, paving the way for innovative and effective therapeutic approaches for the treatment of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Battaglini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Attilio Marino
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Margherita Montorsi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Alessio Carmignani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Ceccarelli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
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3
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Niazi SK, Magoola M. Transcytosis-Driven Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders by mRNA-Expressed Antibody-Transferrin Conjugates. Biomedicines 2024; 12:851. [PMID: 38672205 PMCID: PMC11048317 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent setbacks in the withdrawal and approval delays of antibody treatments of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), attributed to their poor entry across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), emphasize the need to bring novel approaches to enhance the entry across the BBB. One such approach is conjugating the antibodies that bind brain proteins responsible for NDs with the transferrin molecule. This glycoprotein transports iron into cells, connecting with the transferrin receptors (TfRs), piggybacking an antibody-transferrin complex that can subsequently release the antibody in the brain or stay connected while letting the antibody bind. This process increases the concentration of antibodies in the brain, enhancing therapeutic efficacy with targeted delivery and minimum systemic side effects. Currently, this approach is experimented with using drug-transferring conjugates assembled in vitro. Still, a more efficient and safer alternative is to express the conjugate using mRNA technology, as detailed in this paper. This approach will expedite safer discoveries that can be made available at a much lower cost than the recombinant process with in vitro conjugation. Most importantly, the recommendations made in this paper may save the antibodies against the NDs that seem to be failing despite their regulatory approvals.
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Unnikrishnan G, Joy A, Megha M, Kolanthai E, Senthilkumar M. Exploration of inorganic nanoparticles for revolutionary drug delivery applications: a critical review. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:157. [PMID: 38112849 PMCID: PMC10730791 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The nanosystems for delivering drugs which have evolved with time, are being designed for greater drug efficiency and lesser side-effects, and are also complemented by the advancement of numerous innovative materials. In comparison to the organic nanoparticles, the inorganic nanoparticles are stable, have a wide range of physicochemical, mechanical, magnetic, and optical characteristics, and also have the capability to get modified using some ligands to enrich their attraction towards the molecules at the target site, which makes them appealing for bio-imaging and drug delivery applications. One of the strong benefits of using the inorganic nanoparticles-drug conjugate is the possibility of delivering the drugs to the affected cells locally, thus reducing the side-effects like cytotoxicity, and facilitating a higher efficacy of the therapeutic drug. This review features the direct and indirect effects of such inorganic nanoparticles like gold, silver, graphene-based, hydroxyapatite, iron oxide, ZnO, and CeO2 nanoparticles in developing effective drug carrier systems. This article has remarked the peculiarities of these nanoparticle-based systems in pulmonary, ocular, wound healing, and antibacterial drug deliveries as well as in delivering drugs across Blood-Brain-Barrier (BBB) and acting as agents for cancer theranostics. Additionally, the article sheds light on the plausible modifications that can be carried out on the inorganic nanoparticles, from a researcher's perspective, which could open a new pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Unnikrishnan
- Department of Physics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Anjumol Joy
- Department of Physics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - M Megha
- Department of Physics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - M Senthilkumar
- Department of Physics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India.
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5
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Khalil A, Barras A, Boukherroub R, Tseng CL, Devos D, Burnouf T, Neuhaus W, Szunerits S. Enhancing paracellular and transcellular permeability using nanotechnological approaches for the treatment of brain and retinal diseases. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 9:14-43. [PMID: 37853828 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00306j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Paracellular permeability across epithelial and endothelial cells is, in large part, regulated by apical intercellular junctions also referred to as tight junctions (TJs). These junctions contribute to the spatial definition of different tissue compartments within organisms, separating them from the outside world as well as from inner compartments, with their primary physiological role of maintaining tissue homeostasis. TJs restrict the free, passive diffusion of ions and hydrophilic small molecules through paracellular clefts and are important for appropriate cell polarization and transporter protein localisation, supporting the controlled transcellular diffusion of smaller and larger hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic substances. This traditional diffusion barrier concept of TJs has been challenged lately, owing to a better understanding of the components that are associated with TJs. It is now well-established that mutations in TJ proteins are associated with a range of human diseases and that a change in the membrane fluidity of neighbouring cells can open possibilities for therapeutics to cross intercellular junctions. Nanotechnological approaches, exploiting ultrasound or hyperosmotic agents and permeation enhancers, are the paradigm for achieving enhanced paracellular diffusion. The other widely used transport route of drugs is via transcellular transport, allowing the passage of a variety of pro-drugs and nanoparticle-encapsulated drugs via different mechanisms based on receptors and others. For a long time, there was an expectation that lipidic nanocarriers and polymeric nanostructures could revolutionize the field for the delivery of RNA and protein-based therapeutics across different biological barriers equipped with TJs (e.g., blood-brain barrier (BBB), retina-blood barrier (RBB), corneal TJs, etc.). However, only a limited increase in therapeutic efficiency has been reported for most systems until now. The purpose of this review is to explore the reasons behind the current failures and to examine the emergence of synthetic and cell-derived nanomaterials and nanotechnological approaches as potential game-changers in enhancing drug delivery to target locations both at and across TJs using innovative concepts. Specifically, we will focus on recent advancements in various nanotechnological strategies enabling the bypassing or temporally opening of TJs to the brain and to the retina, and discuss their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Khalil
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Alexandre Barras
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Taipei Medical University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering (GIBMTE), New Taipei City 235603, Taiwan
- Taipei Medical University, International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering (IPBME), New Taipei City 235603, Taiwan
| | - David Devos
- University Lille, CHU-Lille, Inserm, U1172, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, LICEND, Lille, France
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Taipei Medical University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering (GIBMTE), New Taipei City 235603, Taiwan
- Taipei Medical University, International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering (IPBME), New Taipei City 235603, Taiwan
| | - Winfried Neuhaus
- AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
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6
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Estudillo E, López-Ornelas A, Rodríguez-Oviedo A, Gutiérrez de la Cruz N, Vargas-Hernández MA, Jiménez A. Thinking outside the black box: are the brain endothelial cells the new main target in Alzheimer's disease? Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2592-2598. [PMID: 37449594 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is the interface through which the brain interacts with the milieu and consists mainly of a sophisticated network of brain endothelial cells that forms blood vessels and selectively moves molecules inside and outside the brain through multiple mechanisms of transport. Although brain endothelial cell function is crucial for brain homeostasis, their role in neurodegenerative diseases has historically not been considered with the same importance as other brain cells such as microglia, astroglia, neurons, or even molecules such as amyloid beta, Tau, or alpha-synuclein. Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and brain endothelial cell dysfunction has been reported by several groups. However, its impairment has barely been considered as a potential therapeutic target. Here we review the most recent advances in the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and brain endothelial cells commitment and analyze the possible mechanisms through which their alterations contribute to this neurodegenerative disease, highlighting their inflammatory phenotype and the possibility of an impaired secretory pattern of brain endothelial cells that could contribute to the progression of this ailment. Finally, we discuss why shall brain endothelial cells be appreciated as a therapeutic target instead of solely an obstacle for delivering treatments to the injured brain in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Estudillo
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adolfo López-Ornelas
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México; Hospital Nacional Homeopático, Hospitales Federales de Referencia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Neptali Gutiérrez de la Cruz
- Laboratorio de Morfología; Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Batalla de Celaya, Lomas de Sotelo, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Vargas-Hernández
- Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Batalla de Celaya, Lomas de Sotelo, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Jiménez
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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7
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Hjelm LC, Hedhammar M, Löfblom J. In vitro Blood-Brain barrier model based on recombinant spider silk protein nanomembranes for evaluation of transcytosis capability of biomolecules. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 669:77-84. [PMID: 37267863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the uptake of central nervous system (CNS)-targeting drugs into the brain. Engineering molecular shuttles for active transportation across the barrier has thus potential for improving the efficacy of such drugs. In vitro assessment of potential transcytosis capability for engineered shuttle proteins facilitates ranking and the selection of promising candidates during development. Herein, the development of an assay based on brain endothelial cells cultured on permeable recombinant silk nanomembranes for screening of transcytosis capability of biomolecules is described. The silk nanomembranes supported growth of brain endothelial cells to form confluent monolayers with relevant cell morphology, and induced expression of tight-junction proteins. Evaluation of the assay using an established BBB shuttle antibody showed transcytosis over the membranes with an apparent permeability that significantly differed from the isotype control antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Charlotta Hjelm
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - John Löfblom
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Li J, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Yan X, Fan K. Transferrin receptor 1 targeted nanomedicine for brain tumor therapy. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:3394-3413. [PMID: 36847174 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm02152h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Achieving effective drug delivery to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and target tumor cells remains the greatest challenge for brain tumor therapy. Importantly, the overexpressed membrane receptors on the brain endothelial cells, especially transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), which mediate their ligands/antibodies to overcome the BBB by transcytosis, have been emerging as promising targets for brain tumor therapy. By employing ligands (e.g., transferrin, H-ferritin), antibodies or targeting peptides of TfR1 or aptamers, various functional nano-formulations have been developed in the last decade. These agents showed great potential for the treatment of brain diseases due to their ideal size, high loading capacity, controlled drug release and suitable pharmacokinetics. Herein, we summarize the latest advances on TfR1-targeted nanomedicine for brain tumor therapy. Moreover, we also discuss the strategies of improving stability, targeting ability and accumulation of nano-formulations in brain tumors for better outcomes. In this review, we hope to provide inspiration for the rational design of TfR1-targeted nanomedicine against brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Li
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
| | - Zixia Zhang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
| | - Baoli Zhang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
| | - Xiyun Yan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China. .,Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China. .,Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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9
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Hammond SM, Abendroth F, Goli L, Stoodley J, Burrell M, Thom G, Gurrell I, Ahlskog N, Gait MJ, Wood MJ, Webster CI. Antibody-oligonucleotide conjugate achieves CNS delivery in animal models for spinal muscular atrophy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:154142. [PMID: 36346674 PMCID: PMC7614086 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have emerged as one of the most innovative new genetic drug modalities. However, their high molecular weight limits their bioavailability for otherwise-treatable neurological disorders. We investigated conjugation of ASOs to an antibody against the murine transferrin receptor, 8D3130, and evaluated it via systemic administration in mouse models of the neurodegenerative disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). SMA, like several other neurological and neuromuscular diseases, is treatable with single-stranded ASOs that modulate splicing of the survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2) gene. Administration of 8D3130-ASO conjugate resulted in elevated levels of bioavailability to the brain. Additionally, 8D3130-ASO yielded therapeutic levels of SMN2 splicing in the central nervous system of adult human SMN2-transgenic (hSMN2-transgenic) mice, which resulted in extended survival of a severely affected SMA mouse model. Systemic delivery of nucleic acid therapies with brain-targeting antibodies offers powerful translational potential for future treatments of neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan M Hammond
- Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, and.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Abendroth
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, Philipps Universität-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Goli
- Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, and.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Stoodley
- Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, and.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ian Gurrell
- Neuroscience, Biopharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Ahlskog
- Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, and.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Gait
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Ja Wood
- Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, and.,MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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10
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Kusmierz CD, Callmann CE, Kudruk S, Distler ME, Mirkin CA. Transferrin Aptamers Increase the In Vivo Blood-Brain Barrier Targeting of Protein Spherical Nucleic Acids. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1803-1810. [PMID: 36194889 PMCID: PMC10424462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The systemic delivery of exogenous proteins to cells within the brain and central nervous system (CNS) is challenging due to the selective impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Herein, we hypothesized that protein delivery to the brain could be improved via functionalization with DNA aptamers designed to bind transferrin (TfR) receptors present on the endothelial cells that line the BBB. Using β-galactosidase (β-Gal) as a model protein, we synthesized protein spherical nucleic acids (ProSNAs) comprised of β-Gal decorated with TfR aptamers (Transferrin-ProSNAs). The TfR aptamer motif significantly increases the accumulation of β-Gal in brain tissue in vivo following intravenous injection over both the native protein and ProSNAs containing nontargeting DNA sequences. Furthermore, the widespread distribution of β-Gal throughout the brain is only observed for Transferrin-ProSNAs. Together, this work shows that the SNA architecture can be used to selectively deliver protein cargo to the brain and CNS if the appropriate aptamer sequence is employed as the DNA shell. Moreover, this highlights the importance of DNA sequence design and provides a potential new avenue for designing highly targeted protein delivery systems by combining the power of DNA aptamers together with the SNA platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D. Kusmierz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cassandra E. Callmann
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sergej Kudruk
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Max E. Distler
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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11
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Pardridge WM. A Historical Review of Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1283. [PMID: 35745855 PMCID: PMC9229021 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of brain drug delivery is reviewed beginning with the first demonstration, in 1914, that a drug for syphilis, salvarsan, did not enter the brain, due to the presence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB). Owing to restricted transport across the BBB, FDA-approved drugs for the CNS have been generally limited to lipid-soluble small molecules. Drugs that do not cross the BBB can be re-engineered for transport on endogenous BBB carrier-mediated transport and receptor-mediated transport systems, which were identified during the 1970s-1980s. By the 1990s, a multitude of brain drug delivery technologies emerged, including trans-cranial delivery, CSF delivery, BBB disruption, lipid carriers, prodrugs, stem cells, exosomes, nanoparticles, gene therapy, and biologics. The advantages and limitations of each of these brain drug delivery technologies are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Pardridge
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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12
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Kucharz K, Kutuzov N, Zhukov O, Mathiesen Janiurek M, Lauritzen M. Shedding Light on the Blood-Brain Barrier Transport with Two-Photon Microscopy In Vivo. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1457-1468. [PMID: 35578062 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of brain disorders relies on efficient delivery of therapeutics to the brain, which is hindered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The work of Prof. Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes was instrumental in understanding the principles of drug delivery to the brain and developing new tools to study it. Here, we show how some of the concepts developed in her research can be translated to in vivo 2-photon microscopy (2PM) studies of the BBB. We primarily focus on the methods developed in our laboratory to characterize the paracellular diffusion, adsorptive-mediated transcytosis, and receptor-mediated transcytosis of drug nanocarriers at the microscale, illustrating how 2PM can deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kucharz
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolay Kutuzov
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oleg Zhukov
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Mathiesen Janiurek
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
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13
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Ramalho MJ, Loureiro JA, Coelho MAN, Pereira MC. Transferrin Receptor-Targeted Nanocarriers: Overcoming Barriers to Treat Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020279. [PMID: 35214012 PMCID: PMC8880499 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal type of brain tumor, and the clinically available approaches for its treatment are not curative. Despite the intensive research, biological barriers such as the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and tumor cell membranes are major obstacles to developing novel effective therapies. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been explored as drug delivery systems (DDS) to improve GBM therapeutic strategies. NPs can circumvent many of the biological barriers posed by this devastating disease, enhancing drug accumulation in the target site. This can be achieved by employing strategies to target the transferrin receptor (TfR), which is heavily distributed in BBB and GBM cells. These targeting strategies comprise the modification of NPs’ surface with various molecules, such as transferrin (Tf), antibodies, and targeting peptides. This review provides an overview and discussion on the recent advances concerning the strategies to target the TfR in the treatment of GBM, as their benefits and limitations.
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14
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Transmission Electron Microscopy as a Powerful Tool to Investigate the Interaction of Nanoparticles with Subcellular Structures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312789. [PMID: 34884592 PMCID: PMC8657944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedical research necessarily involves the study of the interactions between nanoparticulates and the biological environment. Transmission electron microscopy has proven to be a powerful tool in providing information about nanoparticle uptake, biodistribution and relationships with cell and tissue components, thanks to its high resolution. This article aims to overview the transmission electron microscopy techniques used to explore the impact of nanoconstructs on biological systems, highlighting the functional value of ultrastructural morphology, histochemistry and microanalysis as well as their fundamental contribution to the advancement of nanomedicine.
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15
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Post-capillary venules are the key locus for transcytosis-mediated brain delivery of therapeutic nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4121. [PMID: 34226541 PMCID: PMC8257611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective treatments of neurodegenerative diseases require drugs to be actively transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, nanoparticle drug carriers explored for this purpose show negligible brain uptake, and the lack of basic understanding of nanoparticle-BBB interactions underlies many translational failures. Here, using two-photon microscopy in mice, we characterize the receptor-mediated transcytosis of nanoparticles at all steps of delivery to the brain in vivo. We show that transferrin receptor-targeted liposome nanoparticles are sequestered by the endothelium at capillaries and venules, but not at arterioles. The nanoparticles move unobstructed within endothelium, but transcytosis-mediated brain entry occurs mainly at post-capillary venules, and is negligible in capillaries. The vascular location of nanoparticle brain entry corresponds to the presence of perivascular space, which facilitates nanoparticle movement after transcytosis. Thus, post-capillary venules are the point-of-least resistance at the BBB, and compared to capillaries, provide a more feasible route for nanoparticle drug carriers into the brain.
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16
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Tu L, Luo Z, Wu YL, Huo S, Liang XJ. Gold-based nanomaterials for the treatment of brain cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0524. [PMID: 34002583 PMCID: PMC8185869 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain cancer, also known as intracranial cancer, is one of the most invasive and fatal cancers affecting people of all ages. Despite the great advances in medical technology, improvements in transporting drugs into brain tissue have been limited by the challenge of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Fortunately, recent endeavors using gold-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have indicated the potential of these materials to cross the BBB. Therefore, GBNs might be an attractive therapeutic strategy against brain cancer. Herein, we aim to present a comprehensive summary of current understanding of the critical effects of the physicochemical properties and surface modifications of GBNs on BBB penetration for applications in brain cancer treatment. Furthermore, the most recent GBNs and their impressive performance in precise bioimaging and efficient inhibition of brain tumors are also summarized, with an emphasis on the mechanism of their effective BBB penetration. Finally, the challenges and future outlook in using GBNs for brain cancer treatment are discussed. We hope that this review will spark researchers' interest in constructing more powerful nanoplatforms for brain disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shuaidong Huo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
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17
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Ruan S, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Gao H. Rethinking CRITID Procedure of Brain Targeting Drug Delivery: Circulation, Blood Brain Barrier Recognition, Intracellular Transport, Diseased Cell Targeting, Internalization, and Drug Release. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004025. [PMID: 33977060 PMCID: PMC8097396 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed great progress in nanoparticle (NP)-based brain-targeting drug delivery systems, while their therapeutic potentials are yet to be fully exploited given that the majority of them are lost during the delivery process. Rational design of brain-targeting drug delivery systems requires a deep understanding of the entire delivery process along with the issues that they may encounter. Herein, this review first analyzes the typical delivery process of a systemically administrated NPs-based brain-targeting drug delivery system and proposes a six-step CRITID delivery cascade: circulation in systemic blood, recognizing receptor on blood-brain barrier (BBB), intracellular transport, diseased cell targeting after entering into parenchyma, internalization by diseased cells, and finally intracellular drug release. By dissecting the entire delivery process into six steps, this review seeks to provide a deep understanding of the issues that may restrict the delivery efficiency of brain-targeting drug delivery systems as well as the specific requirements that may guarantee minimal loss at each step. Currently developed strategies used for troubleshooting these issues are reviewed and some state-of-the-art design features meeting these requirements are highlighted. The CRITID delivery cascade can serve as a guideline for designing more efficient and specific brain-targeting drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Ruan
- Key laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Department of PharmaceuticsCollege of PharmacyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32610USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Key laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationSchool of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Education MinistrySichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant‐sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
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18
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Drug delivery platforms for neonatal brain injury. J Control Release 2021; 330:765-787. [PMID: 33417984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), initiated by the interruption of oxygenated blood supply to the brain, is a leading cause of death and lifelong disability in newborns. The pathogenesis of HIE involves a complex interplay of excitotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress that results in acute to long term brain damage and functional impairments. Therapeutic hypothermia is the only approved treatment for HIE but has limited effectiveness for moderate to severe brain damage; thus, pharmacological intervention is explored as an adjunct therapy to hypothermia to further promote recovery. However, the limited bioavailability and the side-effects of systemic administration are factors that hinder the use of the candidate pharmacological agents. To overcome these barriers, therapeutic molecules may be packaged into nanoscale constructs to enable their delivery. Yet, the application of nanotechnology in infants is not well examined, and the neonatal brain presents unique challenges. Novel drug delivery platforms have the potential to magnify therapeutic effects in the damaged brain, mitigate side-effects associated with high systemic doses, and evade mechanisms that remove the drugs from circulation. Encouraging pre-clinical data demonstrates an attenuation of brain damage and increased structural and functional recovery. This review surveys the current progress in drug delivery for treating neonatal brain injury.
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Hivare P, Panda C, Gupta S, Bhatia D. Programmable DNA Nanodevices for Applications in Neuroscience. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:363-377. [PMID: 33433192 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The broad area of neuroscience has witnessed an increasing exploitation of a variety of synthetic biomaterials with controlled nanosized features. Different bionanomaterials offer very peculiar physicochemical and biochemcial properties contributing to the development of novel imaging devices toward imaging the brain, or as smartly functionalized scaffolds, or diverse tools contributing toward a better understanding of nervous tissue and its functions. DNA nanotechnology-based devices and scaffolds have emerged as ideal materials for cellular and tissue engineering due to their very biocompatible properties, robust adaptation with diverse biological systems, and biosafety in terms of reduced immune response triggering. Here we present technologies with respect to DNA nanodevices that are designed to better interact with nervous systems like neural cells, advanced molecular imaging technologies for imaging brain, biomaterials in neural regeneration, neuroprotection, and targeted delivery of drugs and small molecules across the blood-brain barrier. Along with comments regarding the progress of DNA nanotechnology in neuroscience, we also present a perspective on challenges and opportunities for applying DNA nanotechnology in applications pertaining to neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Hivare
- Biological Engineering discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Chinmaya Panda
- Biological Engineering discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Sharad Gupta
- Biological Engineering discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gandhinagar, India
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dhiraj Bhatia
- Biological Engineering discipline, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gandhinagar, India
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gandhinagar, India
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20
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Andrian T, Riera R, Pujals S, Albertazzi L. Nanoscopy for endosomal escape quantification. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:10-23. [PMID: 36131870 PMCID: PMC9419860 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00454e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The successful cytosolic delivery of nanoparticles is hampered by their endosomal entrapment and degradation. To push forward the smart development of nanoparticles we must reliably detect and quantify their endosomal escape process. However, the current methods employed are not quantitative enough at the nanoscale to achieve this. Nanoscopy is a rapidly evolving field that has developed a diverse set of powerful techniques in the last two decades, opening the door to explore nanomedicine with an unprecedented resolution and specificity. The understanding of key steps in the drug delivery process - such as endosomal escape - would benefit greatly from the implementation of the most recent advances in microscopy. In this review, we provide the latest insights into endosomal escape of nanoparticles obtained by nanoscopy, and we discuss the features that would allow these techniques to make a great impact in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Andrian
- Nanoscopy for Nanomedicine, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia Barcelona Spain
| | - Roger Riera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands
| | - Silvia Pujals
- Nanoscopy for Nanomedicine, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia Barcelona Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Physics, Universitat de Barcelona Av. Diagonal 647 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Nanoscopy for Nanomedicine, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia Barcelona Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands
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21
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Aziz AA, Siddiqui RA, Amtul Z. Engineering of fluorescent or photoactive Trojan probes for detection and eradication of β-Amyloids. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:917-926. [PMID: 32597244 PMCID: PMC8216438 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1785048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Trojan horse technology institutes a potentially promising strategy to bring together a diagnostic or cell-based drug design and a delivery platform. It provides the opportunity to re-engineer a novel multimodal, neurovascular detection probe, or medicine to fuse with blood-brain barrier (BBB) molecular Trojan horse. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) this could allow the targeted delivery of detection or therapeutic probes across the BBB to the sites of plaques and tangles development to image or decrease amyloid load, enhance perivascular Aβ clearance, and improve cerebral blood flow, owing principally to the significantly improved cerebral permeation. A Trojan horse can also be equipped with photosensitizers, nanoparticles, quantum dots, or fluorescent molecules to function as multiple targeting theranostic compounds that could be activated following changes in disease-specific processes of the diseased tissue such as pH and protease activity, or exogenous stimuli such as, light. This concept review theorizes the use of receptor-mediated transport-based platforms to transform such novel ideas to engineer systemic and smart Trojan detection or therapeutic probes to advance the neurodegenerative field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. Aziz
- Sir Wilfrid Laurier Secondary School, Thames Valley District School Board, London, Canada
| | - Rafat A. Siddiqui
- Nutrition Science and Food Chemistry Laboratory, Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, USA
| | - Zareen Amtul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
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22
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Brown TD, Habibi N, Wu D, Lahann J, Mitragotri S. Effect of Nanoparticle Composition, Size, Shape, and Stiffness on Penetration Across the Blood–Brain Barrier. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4916-4928. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D. Brown
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02318, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nahal Habibi
- Biointerfaces Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Debra Wu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02318, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Biointerfaces Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02318, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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23
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Manthe RL, Loeck M, Bhowmick T, Solomon M, Muro S. Intertwined mechanisms define transport of anti-ICAM nanocarriers across the endothelium and brain delivery of a therapeutic enzyme. J Control Release 2020; 324:181-193. [PMID: 32389778 PMCID: PMC7720842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of drug delivery systems with tissues is key for their application. An example is drug carriers targeted to endothelial barriers, which can be transported to intra-endothelial compartments (lysosomes) or transcellularly released at the tissue side (transcytosis). Although carrier targeting valency influences this process, the mechanism is unknown. We studied this using polymer nanocarriers (NCs) targeted to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), an endothelial-surface glycoprotein whose expression is increased in pathologies characterized by inflammation. A bell-shaped relationship was found between NC targeting valency and the rate of transcytosis, where high and low NC valencies rendered less efficient transcytosis rates than an intermediate valency formulation. In contrast, an inverted bell-shape relationship was found for NC valency and lysosomal trafficking rates. Data suggested a model where NC valency plays an opposing role in the two sub-processes involved in transcytosis: NC binding-uptake depended directly on valency and exocytosis-detachment was inversely related to this parameter. This is because the greater the avidity of the NC-receptor interaction the more efficient uptake becomes, but NC-receptor detachment post-transport is more compromised. Cleavage of the receptor at the basolateral side of endothelial cells facilitated NC transcytosis, likely by helping NC detachment post-transport. Since transcytosis encompasses both sets of events, the full process finds an optimum at the intersection of these inverted relationships, explaining the bell-shaped behavior. NCs also trafficked to lysosomes from the apical side and, additionally, from the basolateral side in the case of high valency NCs which are slower at detaching from the receptor. This explains the opposite behavior of NC valency for transcytosis vs. lysosomal transport. Anti-ICAM NCs were verified to traffic into the brain after intravenous injection in mice, and both cellular and in vivo data showed that intermediate valency NCs resulted in higher delivery of a therapeutic enzyme, acid sphingomyelinase, required for types A and B Niemann-Pick disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Manthe
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR) and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
| | - Maximilian Loeck
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Tridib Bhowmick
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR) and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
| | - Melani Solomon
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR) and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
| | - Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR) and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institution of Catalonia for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08910, Spain.
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24
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Dos Santos Rodrigues B, Kanekiyo T, Singh J. In vitro and in vivo characterization of CPP and transferrin modified liposomes encapsulating pDNA. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2020; 28:102225. [PMID: 32485318 PMCID: PMC7438306 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The limitations imposed on brain therapy by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have warranted the development of carriers that can overcome and deliver therapeutic agents into the brain. We strategically designed liposomal nanoparticles encasing plasmid DNA for efficient transfection and translocation across the in vitro BBB model as well as in vivo brain-targeted delivery. Liposomes were surface modified with two ligands, cell-penetrating peptide (PFVYLI or R9F2) for enhanced internalization into cells and transferrin (Tf) ligand for targeting transferrin-receptor expressed on brain capillary endothelial cells. Dual-modified liposomes encapsulating pDNA demonstrated significantly (P < 0.05) higher in vitro transfection efficiency compared to single-modified nanoparticles. R9F2Tf-liposomes showed superior ability to cross in vitro BBB and, subsequently, transfect primary neurons. Additionally, these nanoparticles crossed in vivo BBB and reached brain parenchyma of mice (6.6%) without causing tissue damage. Transferrin receptor-targeting with enhanced cell penetration is a relevant strategy for efficient brain-targeted delivery of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | | | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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25
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Glassman PM, Myerson JW, Ferguson LT, Kiseleva RY, Shuvaev VV, Brenner JS, Muzykantov VR. Targeting drug delivery in the vascular system: Focus on endothelium. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 157:96-117. [PMID: 32579890 PMCID: PMC7306214 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The bloodstream is the main transporting pathway for drug delivery systems (DDS) from the site of administration to the intended site of action. In many cases, components of the vascular system represent therapeutic targets. Endothelial cells, which line the luminal surface of the vasculature, play a tripartite role of the key target, barrier, or victim of nanomedicines in the bloodstream. Circulating DDS may accumulate in the vascular areas of interest and in off-target areas via mechanisms bypassing specific molecular recognition, but using ligands of specific vascular determinant molecules enables a degree of precision, efficacy, and specificity of delivery unattainable by non-affinity DDS. Three decades of research efforts have focused on specific vascular targeting, which have yielded a multitude of DDS, many of which are currently undergoing a translational phase of development for biomedical applications, including interventions in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and central nervous systems, regulation of endothelial functions, host defense, and permeation of vascular barriers. We discuss the design of endothelial-targeted nanocarriers, factors underlying their interactions with cells and tissues, and describe examples of their investigational use in models of acute vascular inflammation with an eye on translational challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Glassman
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Laura T Ferguson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Raisa Y Kiseleva
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America.
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26
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Copeland C, Stabenfeldt SE. Leveraging the Dynamic Blood-Brain Barrier for Central Nervous System Nanoparticle-based Drug Delivery Applications. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 14:1-8. [PMID: 32432210 PMCID: PMC7236638 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neurological diseases and injuries have profound impact on a patient's lifespan and functional capabilities, but often lack effective intervention strategies to address the underlying neuropathology. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major hurdle in the effective delivery of therapeutics to the brain. Recent discoveries in BBB maintenance reveal a dynamic system where time of day, disease progression, and even biological variables all strongly influence its permeability and flux of molecules. Nanoparticles can be used to improve the efficacy of therapeutics by increasing circulation time, bioavailability, selectivity, and controlling the rate of payload release. Considering these recent findings, the next generation of pharmacological paradigms are evolving to leverage nanotechnology to turn therapeutic intervention to meet the needs of a specific patient (i.e. personalized medicine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Copeland
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Sarah E Stabenfeldt
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
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27
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Nowak M, Brown TD, Graham A, Helgeson ME, Mitragotri S. Size, shape, and flexibility influence nanoparticle transport across brain endothelium under flow. Bioeng Transl Med 2020; 5:e10153. [PMID: 32440560 PMCID: PMC7237148 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based therapeutic formulations are being increasingly explored for the treatment of various ailments. Despite numerous advances, the success of nanoparticle-based technologies in treating brain diseases has been limited. Translational hurdles of nanoparticle therapies are attributed primarily to their limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is one of the body's most exclusive barriers. Several efforts have been focused on developing affinity-based agents and using them to increase nanoparticle accumulation at the brain endothelium. Very little is known about the role of fundamental physical parameters of nanoparticles such as size, shape, and flexibility in determining their interactions with and penetration across the BBB. Using a three-dimensional human BBB microfluidic model (μHuB), we investigate the impact of these physical parameters on nanoparticle penetration across the BBB. To gain insights into the dependence of transport on nanoparticle properties, two separate parameters were measured: the number of nanoparticles that fully cross the BBB and the number that remain associated with the endothelium. Association of nanoparticles with the brain endothelium was substantially impacted by their physical characteristics. Hard particles associate more with the endothelium compared to soft particles, as do small particles compared to large particles, and spherical particles compared to rod-shaped particles. Transport across the BBB also exhibited a dependence on nanoparticle properties. A nonmonotonic dependence on size was observed, where 200 nm particles exhibited higher BBB transport compared to 100 and 500 nm spheres. Rod-shaped particles exhibited higher BBB transport when normalized by endothelial association and soft particles exhibited comparable transport to hard particles when normalized by endothelial association. Tuning nanoparticles' physical parameters could potentially enhance their ability to cross the BBB for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Nowak
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University29 Oxford St. CambridgeMA02138
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University3 Blackfan CircleBostonMA02115
| | - Tyler D. Brown
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University29 Oxford St. CambridgeMA02138
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University3 Blackfan CircleBostonMA02115
| | - Adam Graham
- Center for Nanoscale SystemsHarvard University11 Oxford St. CambridgeMA02138
| | - Matthew E. Helgeson
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA93106
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University29 Oxford St. CambridgeMA02138
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University3 Blackfan CircleBostonMA02115
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Meister SW, Hjelm LC, Dannemeyer M, Tegel H, Lindberg H, Ståhl S, Löfblom J. An Affibody Molecule Is Actively Transported into the Cerebrospinal Fluid via Binding to the Transferrin Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2999. [PMID: 32340383 PMCID: PMC7215652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biotherapeutics for the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) is typically impeded by insufficient transport across the blood-brain barrier. Here, we investigate a strategy to potentially increase the uptake into the CNS of an affibody molecule (ZSYM73) via binding to the transferrin receptor (TfR). ZSYM73 binds monomeric amyloid beta, a peptide involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, with subnanomolar affinity. We generated a tri-specific fusion protein by genetically linking a single-chain variable fragment of the TfR-binding antibody 8D3 and an albumin-binding domain to the affibody molecule ZSYM73. Simultaneous tri-specific target engagement was confirmed in a biosensor experiment and the affinity for murine TfR was determined to 5 nM. Blockable binding to TfR on endothelial cells was demonstrated using flow cytometry and in a preclinical study we observed increased uptake of the tri-specific fusion protein into the cerebrospinal fluid 24 h after injection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Löfblom
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.W.M.); (L.C.H.); (M.D.); (H.T.); (H.L.); (S.S.)
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29
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Shen Z, Liu T, Yang Z, Zhou Z, Tang W, Fan W, Liu Y, Mu J, Li L, Bregadze VI, Mandal SK, Druzina AA, Wei Z, Qiu X, Wu A, Chen X. Small-sized gadolinium oxide based nanoparticles for high-efficiency theranostics of orthotopic glioblastoma. Biomaterials 2020; 235:119783. [PMID: 31981762 PMCID: PMC7024018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant tumors with poor prognosis and outcomes. Although smaller particle size can lead to higher blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeability of the nanomaterials, most of the reported BBB-crossable nanomaterials for targeted GBM therapy are larger than 24 nm. To realize theranostics of GBM, co-loading of therapeutic and diagnostic agents on the same nanomaterials further results in larger particle size. In this study, we developed a kind of novel BBB-transportable nanomaterials smaller than 14 nm for high-efficiency theranostics of GBM (i.e., high contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiosensitization of GBM). Typically, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) stabilized extremely small gadolinium oxide nanoparticles with modification of reductive bovine serum albumin (ES-GON-rBSA) was synthesized in water phase, resulting in excellent water-dispersibility. RGD dimer (RGD2, Glu-{Cyclo[Arg-Gly-Asp-(D-Phe)-Lys]}2) and lactoferrin (LF) were then conjugated to the ES-GON-rBSA to obtain composite nanoparticle ES-GON-rBSA-LF-RGD2 with extraordinary relaxivities (r1 = 60.8 mM-1 s-1, r2/r1 = 1.1). The maximum signal enhancement (ΔSNR) for T1-weighted MRI of tumors reached up to 423 ± 42% at 12 h post-injection of ES-GON-rBSA-LF-RGD2, which is much higher than commercial Gd-chelates (<80%). ES-GON-rBSA-LF-RGD2 exhibited high biocompatibility and can transport across the in vitro BBB model and the in vivo BBB of mice due to its small particle size (dh = 13.4 nm) and LF receptor mediated transcytosis. Orthotopic GBM studies reinforce that ES-GON-rBSA3-LF-RGD2 can accumulate in the orthotopic GBM and enhance the radiation therapy of GBM as an effective radiosensitizing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Shen
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhong-guan West Road, Ning-bo, Zhe-jiang, 315201, China; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wenpei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yijing Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jing Mu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vladimir I Bregadze
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Anna A Druzina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 28, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Zhenni Wei
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhong-guan West Road, Ning-bo, Zhe-jiang, 315201, China
| | - Xiaozhong Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhong-guan West Road, Ning-bo, Zhe-jiang, 315201, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Spencer AP, Torrado M, Custódio B, Silva-Reis SC, Santos SD, Leiro V, Pêgo AP. Breaking Barriers: Bioinspired Strategies for Targeted Neuronal Delivery to the Central Nervous System. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E192. [PMID: 32102252 PMCID: PMC7076453 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders encompass a vast spectrum of pathological conditions and represent a growing concern worldwide. Despite the high social and clinical interest in trying to solve these pathologies, there are many challenges to bridge in order to achieve an effective therapy. One of the main obstacles to advancements in this field that has hampered many of the therapeutic strategies proposed to date is the presence of the CNS barriers that restrict the access to the brain. However, adequate brain biodistribution and neuronal cells specific accumulation in the targeted site also represent major hurdles to the attainment of a successful CNS treatment. Over the last few years, nanotechnology has taken a step forward towards the development of therapeutics in neurologic diseases and different approaches have been developed to surpass these obstacles. The versatility of the designed nanocarriers in terms of physical and chemical properties, and the possibility to functionalize them with specific moieties, have resulted in improved neurotargeted delivery profiles. With the concomitant progress in biology research, many of these strategies have been inspired by nature and have taken advantage of physiological processes to achieve brain delivery. Here, the different nanosystems and targeting moieties used to achieve a neuronal delivery reported in the open literature are comprehensively reviewed and critically discussed, with emphasis on the most recent bioinspired advances in the field. Finally, we express our view on the paramount challenges in targeted neuronal delivery that need to be overcome for these promising therapeutics to move from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Spencer
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (M.T.); (B.C.); (S.C.S.-R.); (S.D.S.); (V.L.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP—Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marília Torrado
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (M.T.); (B.C.); (S.C.S.-R.); (S.D.S.); (V.L.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Custódio
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (M.T.); (B.C.); (S.C.S.-R.); (S.D.S.); (V.L.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C. Silva-Reis
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (M.T.); (B.C.); (S.C.S.-R.); (S.D.S.); (V.L.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia D. Santos
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (M.T.); (B.C.); (S.C.S.-R.); (S.D.S.); (V.L.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victoria Leiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (M.T.); (B.C.); (S.C.S.-R.); (S.D.S.); (V.L.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P. Pêgo
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.P.S.); (M.T.); (B.C.); (S.C.S.-R.); (S.D.S.); (V.L.)
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP—Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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31
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Bidram E, Esmaeili Y, Ranji-Burachaloo H, Al-Zaubai N, Zarrabi A, Stewart A, Dunstan DE. A concise review on cancer treatment methods and delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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32
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Johnsen KB, Burkhart A, Thomsen LB, Andresen TL, Moos T. Targeting the transferrin receptor for brain drug delivery. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 181:101665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Nowak M, Helgeson ME, Mitragotri S. Delivery of Nanoparticles and Macromolecules across the Blood–Brain Barrier. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Nowak
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02318 USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University 3 Blackfan Circle Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Matthew E. Helgeson
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02318 USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University 3 Blackfan Circle Boston MA 02115 USA
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34
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Xie J, Shen Z, Anraku Y, Kataoka K, Chen X. Nanomaterial-based blood-brain-barrier (BBB) crossing strategies. Biomaterials 2019; 224:119491. [PMID: 31546096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing attention has been paid to the diseases of central nervous system (CNS). The penetration efficiency of most CNS drugs into the brain parenchyma is rather limited due to the existence of blood-brain barrier (BBB). Thus, BBB crossing for drug delivery to CNS remains a significant challenge in the development of neurological therapeutics. Because of the advantageous properties (e.g., relatively high drug loading content, controllable drug release, excellent passive and active targeting, good stability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity), nanomaterials with BBB-crossability have been widely developed for the treatment of CNS diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding of the physiological structure of BBB, and provides various nanomaterial-based BBB-crossing strategies for brain delivery of theranostic agents, including intranasal delivery, temporary disruption of BBB, local delivery, cell penetrating peptide (CPP) mediated BBB-crossing, receptor mediated BBB-crossing, shuttle peptide mediated BBB-crossing, and cells mediated BBB-crossing. Clinicians, biologists, material scientists and chemists are expected to be interested in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbing Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Zheyu Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Yasutaka Anraku
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan; Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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35
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Kevadiya BD, Ottemann BM, Thomas MB, Mukadam I, Nigam S, McMillan J, Gorantla S, Bronich TK, Edagwa B, Gendelman HE. Neurotheranostics as personalized medicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:252-289. [PMID: 30421721 PMCID: PMC6486471 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The discipline of neurotheranostics was forged to improve diagnostic and therapeutic clinical outcomes for neurological disorders. Research was facilitated, in largest measure, by the creation of pharmacologically effective multimodal pharmaceutical formulations. Deployment of neurotheranostic agents could revolutionize staging and improve nervous system disease therapeutic outcomes. However, obstacles in formulation design, drug loading and payload delivery still remain. These will certainly be aided by multidisciplinary basic research and clinical teams with pharmacology, nanotechnology, neuroscience and pharmaceutic expertise. When successful the end results will provide "optimal" therapeutic delivery platforms. The current report reviews an extensive body of knowledge of the natural history, epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapeutics of neurologic disease with an eye on how, when and under what circumstances neurotheranostics will soon be used as personalized medicines for a broad range of neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory and neuroinfectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh D Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Brendan M Ottemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Midhun Ben Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Insiya Mukadam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Saumya Nigam
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JoEllyn McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tatiana K Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benson Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Khongkow M, Yata T, Boonrungsiman S, Ruktanonchai UR, Graham D, Namdee K. Surface modification of gold nanoparticles with neuron-targeted exosome for enhanced blood-brain barrier penetration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8278. [PMID: 31164665 PMCID: PMC6547645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively used as nanomaterials for theranostic applications due to their multifunctional characteristics in therapeutics, imaging, and surface modification. In this study, the unique functionalities of exosome-derived membranes were combined with synthetic AuNPs for targeted delivery to brain cells. Here, we report the surface modification of AuNPs with brain-targeted exosomes derived from genetically engineered mammalian cells by using the mechanical method or extrusion to create these novel nanomaterials. The unique targeting properties of the AuNPs after fabrication with the brain-targeted exosomes was demonstrated by their binding to brain cells under laminar flow conditions as well as their enhanced transport across the blood brain barrier. In a further demonstration of their ability to target brain cells, in vivo bioluminescence imaging revealed that targeted-exosome coated AuNPs accumulated in the mouse brain after intravenous injection. The surface modification of synthetic AuNPs with the brain-targeted exosome demonstrated in this work represents a highly novel and effective strategy to provide efficient brain targeting and shows promise for the future in using modified AuNPs to penetrate the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattaka Khongkow
- National Nanotechnology Centre (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Rd., Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Teerapong Yata
- National Nanotechnology Centre (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Rd., Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Suwimon Boonrungsiman
- National Nanotechnology Centre (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Rd., Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Uracha Rungsardthong Ruktanonchai
- National Nanotechnology Centre (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Rd., Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, G1 1RD, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Katawut Namdee
- National Nanotechnology Centre (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Rd., Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
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Khan HA, Alamery S, Ibrahim KE, El-Nagar DM, Al-Harbi N, Rusop M, Alrokayan SH. Size and time-dependent induction of proinflammatory cytokines expression in brains of mice treated with gold nanoparticles. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:625-631. [PMID: 30899181 PMCID: PMC6408702 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are among the ideal nano-sized materials for medical applications such as imaging and drug delivery. Considering the significance of recent reports on acute phase induction of inflammatory mediators by GNPs, we studied the effect of GNPs on proinflammatory cytokines gene expression in mouse brain. Group 1 served as control whereas groups 2-4 were given only one intraperitoneal dose of 5, 20 and 50 nm GNPs, respectively and sacrificed after 24 h. The animals in groups 5-7 also received the same treatment but sacrificed after 7 days. Groups 8-10 received two injections of GNPs (5, 20 and 50 nm, respectively), first at the beginning of study and second on day 6, and sacrificed on day 7. Total RNA was extracted from the cerebral tissue and analyzed for the gene expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. A single injection of 5 nm diameter GNPs significantly increased the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in mouse brain on day 7, which was not augmented by the second dose of the same GNPs. Larger size GNPs (20 nm and 50 nm) did not cause any significant change in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mouse brain. In conclusion, systemic administration of small sized GNPs (5 nm) induced a proinflammatory cascade in mouse brain indicating a crucial role of GNPs size on immune response. It is important to use the right sized GNPs in order to avoid an acute phase inflammatory response that could be cytotoxic or interfere with the bioavailability of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Alamery
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E. Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa M. El-Nagar
- Department of Zoology, College of Girls for Science, Arts and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Najla Al-Harbi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Rusop
- NANO-Electronic Centre, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Salman H. Alrokayan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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38
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Ross AM, Mc Nulty D, O'Dwyer C, Grabrucker AM, Cronin P, Mulvihill JJ. Standardization of research methods employed in assessing the interaction between metallic-based nanoparticles and the blood-brain barrier: Present and future perspectives. J Control Release 2019; 296:202-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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39
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Bourassa P, Alata W, Tremblay C, Paris-Robidas S, Calon F. Transferrin Receptor-Mediated Uptake at the Blood-Brain Barrier Is Not Impaired by Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:583-594. [PMID: 30609376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transferrin receptor (TfR) is highly expressed by brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and is therefore considered as a potential target for brain drug delivery. Monoclonal antibodies binding to the TfR, such as clone Ri7, have been shown to internalize into BCECs in vivo. However, since Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by a BBB dysfunction, it raises concerns about whether TfR-mediated transport becomes inefficient during the progression of the disease. Measurements of TfR levels using Western blot analysis in whole homogenates from human post-mortem parietal cortex and hippocampus did not reveal any significant difference between individuals with or without a neuropathological diagnosis of AD (respectively, n = 19 and 22 for the parietal cortex and n = 12 and 14 for hippocampus). Similarly, TfR concentrations in isolated human brain microvessels from parietal cortex were similar between controls and AD cases. TfR levels in isolated murine brain microvessels were not significantly different between groups of 12- and 18-month-old NonTg and 3xTg-AD mice, the latter modeling Aβ and τ neuropathologies. In situ brain perfusion assays were then conducted to measure the brain uptake and internalization of fluorolabeled Ri7 in BCECs upon binding. Consistently, TfR-mediated uptake in BCECs was similar between 3xTg-AD mice and nontransgenic controls (∼0.3 μL·g-1·s-1) at 12, 18, and 22 months of age. Fluorescence microscopy analysis following intravenous administration of fluorolabeled Ri7 highlighted that the signal from the antibody was widely distributed throughout the cerebral vasculature but not in neurons or astrocytes. Overall, our data suggest that both TfR protein levels and TfR-dependent internalization mechanisms are preserved in the presence of Aβ and τ neuropathologies, supporting the potential of TfR as a vector target for drug delivery into BCECs in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bourassa
- Faculté de Pharmacie , Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada.,Axe Neurosciences , Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 4G2 , Canada
| | - Wael Alata
- Faculté de Pharmacie , Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada.,Axe Neurosciences , Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 4G2 , Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences , Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 4G2 , Canada
| | - Sarah Paris-Robidas
- Faculté de Pharmacie , Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada.,Axe Neurosciences , Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 4G2 , Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie , Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 0A6 , Canada.,Axe Neurosciences , Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec , QC G1V 4G2 , Canada
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40
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McConnell EM, Ventura K, Dwyer Z, Hunt V, Koudrina A, Holahan MR, DeRosa MC. In Vivo Use of a Multi-DNA Aptamer-Based Payload/Targeting System To Study Dopamine Dysregulation in the Central Nervous System. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:371-383. [PMID: 30160936 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier remains a considerable challenge in investigating central nervous system related processes. In this work, a liposome vehicle was surface-modified with an aptamer that binds to the transferrin receptor and was loaded with two different dopamine-binding aptamer payloads. This system was effectively used to promote the delivery of the aptamer cargo from the peripheral injection site into the brain. The effect of these delivered aptamers on behavior was investigated in vivo in a locomotor task. The first dopamine binding aptamer assessed was a DNA aptamer, the binding of which had been previously validated through the aptamer-based biosensor development reported by several independent research groups. The second aptamer investigated was the result of a novel in vitro selection experiment described herein. Our data suggest that systemic administration of the modified liposomes led to delivery of the dopamine aptamers into the brain. Fluorescence microscopy revealed differential distribution of fluorescence based on the presence or absence of the transferrin receptor aptamer on the surface of fluorescently modified liposomes. In a behavioral experiment using cocaine administration to induce elevated concentrations of neural dopamine, systemic pretreatment with the dopamine aptamer-loaded liposomes reduced cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion. Multiple controls including a transferrin-negative liposome control and transferrin-positive liposomes loaded with either a nonbinding, base-substituted dopamine aptamer or a random oligonucleotide were investigated. None of these controls altered cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion. Chronic systemic administration of the modified liposomes produced no deleterious neurobehavioral or neural degenerative effects. Importantly, this work is one example of an application for this versatile multiaptamer payload/targeting system. Its general application is limited only by the availability of aptamers for specific neural targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. McConnell
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Katelyn Ventura
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Zach Dwyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Vernon Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Anna Koudrina
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Matthew R. Holahan
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Maria C. DeRosa
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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41
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Pulgar VM. Transcytosis to Cross the Blood Brain Barrier, New Advancements and Challenges. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1019. [PMID: 30686985 PMCID: PMC6337067 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) presents a formidable challenge to the delivery of drugs into the brain. Several strategies aim to overcome this obstacle and promote efficient and specific crossing through BBB of therapeutically relevant agents. One of those strategies uses the physiological process of receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) to transport cargo through the brain endothelial cells toward brain parenchyma. Recent developments in our understanding of intracellular trafficking and receptor binding as well as in protein engineering and nanotechnology have potentiated the opportunities for treatment of CNS diseases using RMT. In this mini-review, the current understanding of BBB structure is discussed, and recent findings exemplifying critical advances in RMT-mediated brain drug delivery are briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Pulgar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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42
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Johnsen KB, Bak M, Melander F, Thomsen MS, Burkhart A, Kempen PJ, Andresen TL, Moos T. Modulating the antibody density changes the uptake and transport at the blood-brain barrier of both transferrin receptor-targeted gold nanoparticles and liposomal cargo. J Control Release 2019; 295:237-249. [PMID: 30633947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Transport of the majority of therapeutic molecules to the brain is precluded by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) rendering efficient treatment of many neurological disorders impossible. This BBB, nonetheless, may be circumvented by targeting receptors and transport proteins expressed on the luminal surface of the brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs). The transferrin receptor (TfR) has remained a popular target since its original description for this purpose, although clinical progression of TfR-targeted drug constructs or nanomedicines remains unsuccessful. One proposed issue pertaining to the use of TfR-targeting in nanomedicines is the efficient tuning of the ligand density on the nanoparticle surface. We studied the impact of TfR antibody density on the uptake and transport of nanoparticles into the brain, taking a parallel approach to investigate the impact on both antibody-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and cargo-loaded liposomes. We report that among three different low-range mean ligand densities (0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 ∗ 103 antibodies/μm2), the highest density yielded the highest ability towards both targeting of the BCECs and subsequent transport across the BBB in vivo, and in vitro using primary cultures of the murine BBB. We also find that TfR-targeting on liposomes in the mouse may induce severe adverse effects after intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Bendix Johnsen
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Martin Bak
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Melander
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Maj Schneider Thomsen
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Annette Burkhart
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Paul Joseph Kempen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Torben Moos
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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43
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Haqqani AS, Thom G, Burrell M, Delaney CE, Brunette E, Baumann E, Sodja C, Jezierski A, Webster C, Stanimirovic DB. Intracellular sorting and transcytosis of the rat transferrin receptor antibody OX26 across the blood-brain barrier in vitro is dependent on its binding affinity. J Neurochem 2018; 146:735-752. [PMID: 29877588 PMCID: PMC6175443 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a formidable obstacle to the delivery of therapeutics to the brain. Antibodies that bind transferrin receptor (TfR), which is enriched in brain endothelial cells, have been shown to cross the BBB and are being developed as fusion proteins to deliver therapeutic cargos to brain targets. Various antibodies have been developed for this purpose and their in vivo evaluation demonstrated that either low affinity or monovalent receptor binding re-directs their transcellular trafficking away from lysosomal degradation and toward improved exocytosis on the abluminal side of the BBB. However, these studies have been performed with antibodies that recognize different TfR epitopes and have different binding characteristics, preventing inter-study comparisons. In this study, the efficiency of transcytosis in vitro and intracellular trafficking in endosomal compartments were evaluated in an in vitro BBB model for affinity variants (Kd from 5 to174 nM) of the rat TfR-binding antibody, OX26. Distribution in subcellular fractions of the rat brain endothelial cells was determined using both targeted quantitative proteomics-selected reaction monitoring and fluorescent imaging with markers of early- and late endosomes. The OX26 variants with affinities of 76 and 108 nM showed improved trancytosis (Papp values) across the in vitro BBB model compared with a 5 nM OX26. Although ~40% of the 5 nM OX26 and ~35% of TfR co-localized with late-endosome/lysosome compartment, 76 and 108 nM affinity variants showed lower amounts in lysosomes and a predominant co-localization with early endosome markers. The study links bivalent TfR antibody affinity to mechanisms of sorting and trafficking away from late endosomes and lysosomes, resulting in improvement in their transcytosis efficiency. OPEN PRACTICES Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge. For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/ Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14193.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan S. Haqqani
- National Research Council of CanadaHuman Health Therapeutics Research CentreOttawaONCanada
| | - George Thom
- Antibody Discovery and Protein EngineeringMedImmune, Milstein BuildingGranta ParkCambridgeUK
| | - Matthew Burrell
- Antibody Discovery and Protein EngineeringMedImmune, Milstein BuildingGranta ParkCambridgeUK
| | - Christie E. Delaney
- National Research Council of CanadaHuman Health Therapeutics Research CentreOttawaONCanada
| | - Eric Brunette
- National Research Council of CanadaHuman Health Therapeutics Research CentreOttawaONCanada
| | - Ewa Baumann
- National Research Council of CanadaHuman Health Therapeutics Research CentreOttawaONCanada
| | - Caroline Sodja
- National Research Council of CanadaHuman Health Therapeutics Research CentreOttawaONCanada
| | - Anna Jezierski
- National Research Council of CanadaHuman Health Therapeutics Research CentreOttawaONCanada
| | - Carl Webster
- Antibody Discovery and Protein EngineeringMedImmune, Milstein BuildingGranta ParkCambridgeUK
| | - Danica B. Stanimirovic
- National Research Council of CanadaHuman Health Therapeutics Research CentreOttawaONCanada
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44
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Rodriguez‐Otormin F, Duro‐Castano A, Conejos‐Sánchez I, Vicent MJ. Envisioning the future of polymer therapeutics for brain disorders. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 11:e1532. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aroa Duro‐Castano
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia Spain
| | | | - María J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Valencia Spain
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45
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Johnsen KB, Bak M, Kempen PJ, Melander F, Burkhart A, Thomsen MS, Nielsen MS, Moos T, Andresen TL. Antibody affinity and valency impact brain uptake of transferrin receptor-targeted gold nanoparticles. Theranostics 2018; 8:3416-3436. [PMID: 29930740 PMCID: PMC6010987 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The ability to treat invalidating neurological diseases is impeded by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which inhibits the transport of most blood-borne substances into the brain parenchyma. Targeting the transferrin receptor (TfR) on the surface of brain capillaries has been a popular strategy to give a preferential accumulation of drugs or nanomedicines, but several aspects of this targeting strategy remain elusive. Here we report that TfR-targeted gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can accumulate in brain capillaries and further transport across the BBB to enter the brain parenchyma. Methods: We characterized our targeting strategy both in vitro using primary models of the BBB and in vivo using quantitative measurements of gold accumulation by inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry together with morphological assessments using light microscopy after silver enhancement and transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results: We find that the uptake capacity is significantly modulated by the affinity and valency of the AuNP-conjugated antibodies. Specifically, antibodies with high and low affinities mediate a low and intermediate uptake of AuNPs into the brain, respectively, whereas a monovalent (bi-specific) antibody improves the uptake capacity remarkably. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that monovalent ligands may be beneficial for obtaining transcytosis of TfR-targeted nanomedicines across the BBB, which is relevant for future design of nanomedicines for brain drug delivery.
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46
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Thom G, Burrell M, Haqqani AS, Yogi A, Lessard E, Brunette E, Delaney C, Baumann E, Callaghan D, Rodrigo N, Webster CI, Stanimirovic DB. Enhanced Delivery of Galanin Conjugates to the Brain through Bioengineering of the Anti-Transferrin Receptor Antibody OX26. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1420-1431. [PMID: 29485883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a formidable obstacle for brain delivery of therapeutic antibodies. However, antibodies against the transferrin receptor (TfR), enriched in brain endothelial cells, have been developed as delivery carriers of therapeutic cargoes into the brain via a receptor-mediated transcytosis pathway. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that either a low-affinity or monovalent binding of these antibodies to the TfR improves their release on the abluminal side of the BBB and target engagement in brain parenchyma. However, these studies have been performed with mouse-selective TfR antibodies that recognize different TfR epitopes and have varied binding characteristics. In this study, we evaluated serum pharmacokinetics and brain and CSF exposure of the rat TfR-binding antibody OX26 affinity variants, having KDs of 5 nM, 76 nM, 108 nM, and 174 nM, all binding the same epitope in bivalent format. Pharmacodynamic responses were tested in the Hargreaves chronic pain model after conjugation of OX26 affinity variants with the analgesic and antiepileptic peptide, galanin. OX26 variants with affinities of 76 nM and 108 nM showed enhanced brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exposure and higher potency in the Hargreaves model, compared to a 5 nM affinity variant; lowering affinity to 174 nM resulted in prolonged serum pharmacokinetics, but reduced brain and CSF exposure. The study demonstrates that binding affinity optimization of TfR-binding antibodies could improve their brain and CSF exposure even in the absence of monovalent TfR engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Thom
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , MedImmune , Milstein Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH , U.K
| | - Matthew Burrell
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , MedImmune , Milstein Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH , U.K
| | - Arsalan S Haqqani
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio , National Research Council of Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A0R6 , Canada
| | - Alvaro Yogi
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio , National Research Council of Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A0R6 , Canada
| | - Etienne Lessard
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio , National Research Council of Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A0R6 , Canada
| | - Eric Brunette
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio , National Research Council of Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A0R6 , Canada
| | - Christie Delaney
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio , National Research Council of Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A0R6 , Canada
| | - Ewa Baumann
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio , National Research Council of Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A0R6 , Canada
| | - Deborah Callaghan
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio , National Research Council of Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A0R6 , Canada
| | - Natalia Rodrigo
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , MedImmune , Milstein Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH , U.K
| | - Carl I Webster
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering , MedImmune , Milstein Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH , U.K
| | - Danica B Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio , National Research Council of Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A0R6 , Canada
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47
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Bharadwaj VN, Nguyen DT, Kodibagkar VD, Stabenfeldt SE. Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutics for Brain Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:10.1002/adhm.201700668. [PMID: 29034608 PMCID: PMC5903677 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain injuries affect a large patient population with major physical and emotional suffering for patients and their relatives; at a significant cost to the society. Effective diagnostic and therapeutic options available for brain injuries are limited by the complex brain injury pathology involving blood-brain barrier (BBB). Brain injuries, including ischemic stroke and brain trauma, initiate BBB opening for a short period of time, which is followed by a second reopening for an extended time. The leaky BBB and/or the alterations in the receptor expression on BBB may provide opportunities for therapeutic delivery via nanoparticles (NPs). The approaches for therapeutic interventions via NP delivery are aimed at salvaging the pericontusional/penumbra area for possible neuroprotection and neurovascular unit preservation. The focus of this progress report is to provide a survey of NP strategies employed in cerebral ischemia and brain trauma and finally provide insights for improved NP-based diagnostic/treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimala N. Bharadwaj
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, PO Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Duong T. Nguyen
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, PO Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Vikram D. Kodibagkar
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, PO Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Sarah E. Stabenfeldt
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, PO Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
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48
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Johnsen KB, Burkhart A, Melander F, Kempen PJ, Vejlebo JB, Siupka P, Nielsen MS, Andresen TL, Moos T. Targeting transferrin receptors at the blood-brain barrier improves the uptake of immunoliposomes and subsequent cargo transport into the brain parenchyma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10396. [PMID: 28871203 PMCID: PMC5583399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to the brain is hampered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which excludes most molecules from freely diffusing into the brain, and tightly regulates the active transport mechanisms that ensure sufficient delivery of nutrients to the brain parenchyma. Harnessing the possibility of delivering neuroactive drugs by way of receptors already present on the brain endothelium has been of interest for many years. The transferrin receptor is of special interest since its expression is limited to the endothelium of the brain as opposed to peripheral endothelium. Here, we investigate the possibility of delivering immunoliposomes and their encapsulated cargo to the brain via targeting of the transferrin receptor. We find that transferrin receptor-targeting increases the association between the immunoliposomes and primary endothelial cells in vitro, but that this does not correlate with increased cargo transcytosis. Furthermore, we show that the transferrin receptor-targeted immunoliposomes accumulate along the microvessels of the brains of rats, but find no evidence for transcytosis of the immunoliposome. Conversely, the increased accumulation correlated both with increased cargo uptake in the brain endothelium and subsequent cargo transport into the brain. These findings suggest that transferrin receptor-targeting is a relevant strategy of increasing drug exposure to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Bendix Johnsen
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Annette Burkhart
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Melander
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paul Joseph Kempen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bruun Vejlebo
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Piotr Siupka
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Torben Moos
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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49
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Brazzale C, Mastrotto F, Moody P, Watson PD, Balasso A, Malfanti A, Mantovani G, Caliceti P, Alexander C, Jones AT, Salmaso S. Control of targeting ligand display by pH-responsive polymers on gold nanoparticles mediates selective entry into cancer cells. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11137-11147. [PMID: 28745764 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02595e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Selective targeting of cells for intracellular delivery of therapeutics represents a major challenge for pharmaceutical intervention in disease. Here we show pH-triggered receptor-mediated endocytosis of nanoparticles via surface ligand exposure. Gold nanoparticles were decorated with two polymers: a 2 kDa PEG with a terminal folate targeting ligand, and a di-block copolymer including a pH-responsive and a hydrophilic block. At the normal serum pH of 7.4, the pH-responsive block (apparent pKa of 7.1) displayed a hydrophilic extended conformation, shielding the PEG-folate ligands, which inhibited cellular uptake of the nanoparticles. Under pH conditions resembling those of the extracellular matrix around solid tumours (pH 6.5), protonation of the pH-responsive polymer triggered a coil-to-globule polymer chain contraction, exposing folate residues on the PEG chains. In line with this, endocytosis of folate-decorated polymer-coated gold nanoparticles in cancer cells overexpressing folate receptor was significantly increased at pH 6.5, compared with pH 7.4. Thus, the tumour acidic environment and high folate receptor expression were effectively exploited to activate cell binding and endocytosis of these nanoparticles. These data provide proof-of-concept for strategies enabling extracellular pH stimuli to selectively enhance cellular uptake of drug delivery vectors and their associated therapeutic cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brazzale
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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50
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Siupka P, Hersom MN, Lykke-Hartmann K, Johnsen KB, Thomsen LB, Andresen TL, Moos T, Abbott NJ, Brodin B, Nielsen MS. Bidirectional apical-basal traffic of the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor in brain endothelial cells. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2598-2613. [PMID: 28337939 PMCID: PMC5531359 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17700665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain capillary endothelium mediates the exchange of nutrients between blood and brain parenchyma. This barrier function of the brain capillaries also limits passage of pharmaceuticals from blood to brain, which hinders treatment of several neurological disorders. Receptor-mediated transport has been suggested as a potential pharmaceutical delivery route across the brain endothelium, e.g. reports have shown that the transferrin receptor (TfR) facilitates transcytosis of TfR antibodies, but it is not known whether this recycling receptor itself traffics from apical to basal membrane in the process. Here, we elucidate the endosomal trafficking of the retrograde transported cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) in primary cultures of brain endothelial cells (BECs) of porcine and bovine origin. Receptor expression and localisation of MPR300 in the endo-lysosomal system and trafficking of internalised receptor are analysed. We also demonstrate that MPR300 can undergo bidirectional apical-basal trafficking in primary BECs in co-culture with astrocytes. This is, to our knowledge, the first detailed study of retrograde transported receptor trafficking in BECs, and the study demonstrates that MPR300 can be transported from the luminal to abluminal membrane and reverse. Such trafficking of MPR300 suggests that retrograde transported receptors in general may provide a mechanism for transport of pharmaceuticals into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Siupka
- 1 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Ns Hersom
- 2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark.,3 Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kasper B Johnsen
- 2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark.,4 Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,5 Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louiza B Thomsen
- 2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark.,4 Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- 2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark.,5 Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Torben Moos
- 2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark.,4 Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - N Joan Abbott
- 6 Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Birger Brodin
- 2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark.,3 Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten S Nielsen
- 1 Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,2 Lundbeck Foundation Research Initiative on Brain Barriers and Drug Delivery, Aarhus, Denmark
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