1
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Ghaebi O, Klimmer S, Tornow N, Buijssen N, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Tomadin A, Rostami H, Soavi G. Ultrafast Opto-Electronic and Thermal Tuning of Third-Harmonic Generation in a Graphene Field Effect Transistor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401840. [PMID: 38889272 PMCID: PMC11336917 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Graphene is a unique platform for tunable opto-electronic applications thanks to its linear band dispersion, which allows electrical control of resonant light-matter interactions. Tuning the nonlinear optical response of graphene is possible both electrically and in an all-optical fashion, but each approach involves a trade-off between speed and modulation depth. Here, lattice temperature, electron doping, and all-optical tuning of third-harmonic generation are combined in a hexagonal boron nitride-encapsulated graphene opto-electronic device and demonstrate up to 85% modulation depth along with gate-tunable ultrafast dynamics. These results arise from the dynamic changes in the transient electronic temperature combined with Pauli blocking induced by the out-of-equilibrium chemical potential. The work provides a detailed description of the transient nonlinear optical and electronic response of graphene, which is crucial for the design of nanoscale and ultrafast optical modulators, detectors, and frequency converters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Ghaebi
- Institute of Solid State PhysicsFriedrich Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Sebastian Klimmer
- Institute of Solid State PhysicsFriedrich Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta‐Optical SystemsDepartment of Electronic Materials EngineeringResearch School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia
| | - Nele Tornow
- Institute of Solid State PhysicsFriedrich Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Niels Buijssen
- Institute of Solid State PhysicsFriedrich Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials NanoarchitectonicsNational Institute for Materials Science1‐1 NamikiTsukuba305‐0044Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical MaterialsNational Institute for Materials Science1‐1 NamikiTsukuba305‐0044Japan
| | - Andrea Tomadin
- Dipartimento di FisicaUniversità di PisaLargo Bruno Pontecorvo 3Pisa56127Italy
| | - Habib Rostami
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Giancarlo Soavi
- Institute of Solid State PhysicsFriedrich Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
- Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
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2
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van Essen PJ, Nie Z, de Keijzer B, Kraus PM. Toward Complete All-Optical Intensity Modulation of High-Harmonic Generation from Solids. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:1832-1843. [PMID: 38766500 PMCID: PMC11100285 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Optical modulation of high-harmonics generation in solids enables the detection of material properties, such as the band structure, and promising new applications, such as super-resolution imaging in semiconductors. Various recent studies have shown optical modulation of high-harmonics generation in solids, in particular, suppression of high-harmonics generation has been observed by synchronized or delayed multipulse sequences. Here we provide an overview of the underlying mechanisms attributed to this suppression and provide a perspective on the challenges and opportunities regarding these mechanisms. All-optical control of high-harmonic generation allows for femtosecond, and in the future possibly subfemtosecond, switching, which has numerous possible applications: These range from super-resolution microscopy to nanoscale controlled chemistry and highly tunable nonlinear light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter J. van Essen
- Advanced
Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhonghui Nie
- Advanced
Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brian de Keijzer
- Advanced
Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. Kraus
- Advanced
Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Masharin MA, Oskolkova T, Isik F, Volkan Demir H, Samusev AK, Makarov SV. Giant Ultrafast All-Optical Modulation Based on Exceptional Points in Exciton-Polariton Perovskite Metasurfaces. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3447-3455. [PMID: 38252695 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Ultrafast all-optical modulation with optically resonant nanostructures is an essential technology for high-speed signal processing on a compact optical chip. Key challenges that exist in this field are relatively low and slow modulations in the visible range as well as the use of expensive materials. Here we develop an ultrafast all-optical modulator based on MAPbBr3 perovskite metasurface supporting exciton-polariton states with exceptional points. The additional angular and spectral filtering of the modulated light transmitted through the designed metasurface allows us to achieve 2500% optical signal modulation with the shortest modulation time of 440 fs at the pump fluence of ∼40 μJ/cm2. Such a value of the modulation depth is record-high among the existing modulators in the visible range, while the main physical effect behind it is polariton condensation. Scalable and cheap metasurface fabrication via nanoimprint lithography along with the simplicity of perovskite synthesis and deposition make the developed approach promising for real-life applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Masharin
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Laboratory of Bionanophotonic, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Oskolkova
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Furkan Isik
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Anton K Samusev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Sergey V Makarov
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
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4
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Nie Z, Guery L, Molinero EB, Juergens P, van den Hooven TJ, Wang Y, Jimenez Galan A, Planken PCM, Silva REF, Kraus PM. Following the Nonthermal Phase Transition in Niobium Dioxide by Time-Resolved Harmonic Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:243201. [PMID: 38181131 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.243201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced phase transitions in correlated materials promise diverse applications from ultrafast switches to optoelectronics. Resolving those transitions and possible metastable phases temporally are key enablers for these applications, but challenge existing experimental approaches. Extreme nonlinear optics can help probe phase changes, as higher-order nonlinearities have higher sensitivity and temporal resolution to band structure and lattice deformations. Here the ultrafast transition from the semiconducting to the metallic phases in polycrystalline thin-film NbO_{2} is investigated by time-resolved harmonic spectroscopy. The emission strength of all harmonic orders shows a steplike suppression when the excitation fluence exceeds a threshold (∼11-12 mJ/cm^{2}), below the fluence required for the thermal transition-a signature of the nonthermal emergence of a metallic phase within 100±20 fs. This observation is backed by full ab initio simulations as well as a 1D chain model of high-harmonic generation from both phases. Our results demonstrate femtosecond harmonic probing of phase transitions and nonthermal dynamics in solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Nie
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Guery
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E B Molinero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Juergens
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T J van den Hooven
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y Wang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Taishan University 525 Dongyue Street, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - A Jimenez Galan
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P C M Planken
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R E F Silva
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P M Kraus
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105,1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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van der Geest MLS, de Boer JJ, Murzyn K, Jürgens P, Ehrler B, Kraus PM. Transient High-Harmonic Spectroscopy in an Inorganic-Organic Lead Halide Perovskite. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10810-10818. [PMID: 38015825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
High-harmonic generation is the frequency upconversion of an intense femtosecond infrared laser in a material. In condensed-phase high-harmonic generation, laser-driven currents of coherently excited charge carriers map the electronic structure onto the emitted light. This promises a thus far scarcely explored potential of condensed-phase time-resolved high-harmonic spectroscopy for probing carrier dynamics. Here, we realize this potential and use time-resolved solid-state high-harmonic spectroscopy from a laser-excited methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) thin film, a key material in perovskite solar cells, for measuring carrier cooling and relaxation on femto- and picosecond time scales. Through comparison with transient absorption, we show the links between carrier dynamics and experimental observables of generated harmonics. By highlighting and understanding the interplay of these dynamics, we demonstrate transient optical control over the emission of solid-state high-harmonic generation in MAPbBr3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten L S van der Geest
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL), Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J de Boer
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 102, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Murzyn
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL), Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Jürgens
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL), Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, D-12 489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruno Ehrler
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 102, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Kraus
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography (ARCNL), Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Niu M, Chen Y, Chen F, Zhao C, Yang Y, Xu Y, Feng J. Light-Driven Ion Transport through Single-Heterojunction Nanopores. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1010-1016. [PMID: 36693172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by natural photosynthesis, light has become an emerging ionic behavior regulator and ion-pumping source. Nanoprocessing technology has allowed the bridge between the light-regulated nanofluids and the optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials, which inspires applications like energy harvesting and enhances fundamental understandings in nanofluidics. However, unlike light-induced ion pumping based on densely layered membranes with multiple nanochannels, experimental implementation on atomically thin materials featuring only a single nanochannel remains challenging. Here, we report light-induced ion pumping based on a single artificial heterojunction nanopore. Under light illumination, the induced current through a single nanopore reaches tens of picoamperes. The hole-electron separation originating from the optoelectrical property of a van der Waals PN junction is proposed to capture the light-driven ion transport. Further, different methods are adopted to modify the ion behavior and response time, presenting potential applications in fluidic photoenergy harvesting, photoelectric ion transport control, and bionic artificial neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Niu
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuang Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanfan Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Zhao
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibo Yang
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiandong Feng
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Research Institute of Intelligent Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, , Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
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7
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Electronic Structures and NLO Properties of a Series of TMDs Lateral‐Core–Shell Heterostructures Quantum Dots. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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Jia J, Zhu Z, Gong C, Li M, Zhang J, Song Y, She Y. Synthesis and third-order nonlinear properties of D-A-D structure acridone derivatives. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Wang Y, Iyikanat F, Bai X, Hu X, Das S, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Du L, Li S, Lipsanen H, García de Abajo FJ, Sun Z. Optical Control of High-Harmonic Generation at the Atomic Thickness. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8455-8462. [PMID: 36305718 PMCID: PMC9650768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-harmonic generation (HHG), an extreme nonlinear optical phenomenon beyond the perturbation regime, is of great significance for various potential applications, such as high-energy ultrashort pulse generation with outstanding spatiotemporal coherence. However, efficient active control of HHG is still challenging due to the weak light-matter interaction displayed by currently known materials. Here, we demonstrate optically controlled HHG in monolayer semiconductors via the engineering of interband polarization. We find that HHG can be efficiently controlled in the excitonic spectral region with modulation depths up to 95% and ultrafast response speeds of several picoseconds. Quantitative time-domain theory of the nonlinear optical susceptibilities in monolayer semiconductors further corroborates these experimental observations. Our demonstration not only offers an in-depth understanding of HHG but also provides an effective approach toward active optical devices for strong-field physics and extreme nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto
University, Espoo02150, Finland
| | - Fadil Iyikanat
- ICFO-Institut
de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, 08860Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xueyin Bai
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto
University, Espoo02150, Finland
| | - Xuerong Hu
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto
University, Espoo02150, Finland
- International
Cooperation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials,
and Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an710069, China
| | - Susobhan Das
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto
University, Espoo02150, Finland
| | - Yunyun Dai
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto
University, Espoo02150, Finland
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto
University, Espoo02150, Finland
| | - Luojun Du
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto
University, Espoo02150, Finland
| | - Shisheng Li
- WPI
International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba305-0044, Japan
| | - Harri Lipsanen
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto
University, Espoo02150, Finland
| | - F. Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut
de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, 08860Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department
of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto
University, Espoo02150, Finland
- QTF Centre
of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo02150, Finland
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10
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Xu S, Zhang H, Yu J, Han Y, Wang Z, Hu J. Ultrafast modulation of a high harmonic generation in a bulk ZnO single crystal. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:41350-41358. [PMID: 36366615 DOI: 10.1364/oe.462638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical modulation of high harmonic generation (HHG) is of fundamental interest in science and technology, which can facilitate understanding of HHG generation mechanisms and expand the potential optoelectronic applications. However, the current established works have neither shown the advanced modulation performance nor provided a deep understanding of modulation mechanisms. In this work, taking wurtzite zinc oxide (ZnO) single crystal as a prototype, we have demonstrated an all-optical intensity modulation of high-order HHG with a response time of less than 0.2 ps and a depth of more than 95%, based on the pump-probe configuration with two different pumping wavelengths. Besides the achieved excellent modulation performance, we have also revealed that the modulation dynamics in ZnO single crystal highly depend on the excitation conditions. Specifically, the modulation dynamics with the near-bandgap or above-bandgap excitation are attributed to the non-equilibrium interband carrier relaxations, while for mid-gap excitation, the modulation dynamics are dominated by the nonlinear frequency mixing process. This work may enhance the current understanding of the HHG modulation mechanism and enlighten novel device designs.
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11
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Cheng M, Fu P, Chen S. Giant photonic spin Hall effect in bilayer borophene metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:40075-40086. [PMID: 36298946 DOI: 10.1364/oe.473351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate theoretically the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) in bilayer borophene metasurfaces. Based on the combined effect of the Fabry-Perot resonance of the bilayer system and the resonant interaction of individual meta-atoms in borophene metasurface which lead to the topological transition, it is found that there exist giant PSHE shifts of the transmitted beams which can be flexibly regulated by adjusting the twist angle of metasurface bilayers, incident angle, spacer refractive index and spacer thickness. Near the topological transition of borophene metasurface the magnitude of PHSE shifts in bilayer borophene metasurfaces is generally on the order of tens of wavelengths and even on the order of hundreds of wavelengths near the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) regions. The manipulation frequency range of the large PSHE shifts can reach hundreds of terahertz or even picohertz through adjusting the ribbon width of borophene metasurface or the electron density for borophene. It is found that in bilayer borophene metasurfaces there exist the ultrahigh sensitivity of the PSHE shifts to spacer refractive index, which can be applied to design the refractive index sensors with high performance.
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12
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Zhang Y, Bai X, Arias Muñoz J, Dai Y, Das S, Wang Y, Sun Z. Coherent modulation of chiral nonlinear optics with crystal symmetry. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:216. [PMID: 35803908 PMCID: PMC9270472 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light modulation is of paramount importance for photonics and optoelectronics. Here we report all-optical coherent modulation of third-harmonic generation (THG) with chiral light via the symmetry enabled polarization selectivity. The concept is experimentally validated in monolayer materials (MoS2) with modulation depth approaching ~100%, ultra-fast modulation speed (<~130 fs), and wavelength-independence features. Moreover, the power and polarization of the incident optical beams can be used to tune the output chirality and modulation performance. Major performance of our demonstration reaches the fundamental limits of optical modulation: near-unity modulation depth, instantaneous speed (ultra-fast coherent interaction), compact footprint (atomic thickness), and unlimited operation bandwidth, which hold an ideal optical modulation solution for emerging and future nonlinear optical applications (e.g., interconnection, imaging, computing, and quantum technologies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Xueyin Bai
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Juan Arias Muñoz
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Yunyun Dai
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Susobhan Das
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
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13
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Tripathi RPN, Yang X, Gao J. Anisotropic third-harmonic generation of exfoliated As 2S 3 thin flakes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:22661-22670. [PMID: 36224958 DOI: 10.1364/oe.457858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals (vdW) materials have recently attracted significant interest in the context of orientation-dependent linear and nonlinear optical properties. Recently, arsenic trisulfide (As2S3) or orpiment is identified as a new vdW layered material having anisotropic vibrational and optomechanical responses due to the reduced in-plane crystal symmetry, but its nonlinear optical response is still not well understood yet. Herein, the anisotropic third-harmonic generation (THG) response of mechanically exfoliated As2S3 thin flakes is reported. The polarization-dependent evolution of THG emission from butterfly-shaped pattern to four-lobe pattern is comprehensively explored. Moreover, the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of As2S3 crystal is extracted by analyzing the thickness-dependent THG emission. We anticipate that the discussed results will not only update the existing understanding on the nonlinear light-matter interaction in anisotropic vdW materials, but also promote future applications in integrated photonic circuits, on-chip nonlinear signal processing, and polarization-sensitive optical devices.
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14
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Polarization-sensitive optical responses from natural layered hydrated sodium sulfosalt gerstleyite. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4242. [PMID: 35273338 PMCID: PMC8913734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-element layered materials have gained substantial attention in the context of achieving the customized light-matter interactions at subwavelength scale via stoichiometric engineering, which is crucial for the realization of miniaturized polarization-sensitive optoelectronic and nanophotonic devices. Herein, naturally occurring hydrated sodium sulfosalt gerstleyite is introduced as one new multi-element van der Waals (vdW) layered material. The mechanically exfoliated thin gerstleyite flakes are demonstrated to exhibit polarization-sensitive anisotropic linear and nonlinear optical responses including angle-resolved Raman scattering, anomalous wavelength-dependent linear dichroism transition, birefringence effect, and polarization-dependent third-harmonic generation (THG). Furthermore, the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of gerstleyite crystal is estimated by the probed flake thickness-dependent THG response. We envisage that our findings in the context of polarization-sensitive light-matter interactions in the exfoliated hydrated sulfosalt layers will be a valuable addition to the vdW layered material family and will have many implications in compact waveplates, on-chip photodetectors, optical sensors and switches, integrated photonic circuits, and nonlinear signal processing applications.
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15
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Jia L, Wu J, Zhang Y, Qu Y, Jia B, Chen Z, Moss DJ. Fabrication Technologies for the On-Chip Integration of 2D Materials. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101435. [PMID: 34994111 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With compact footprint, low energy consumption, high scalability, and mass producibility, chip-scale integrated devices are an indispensable part of modern technological change and development. Recent advances in 2D layered materials with their unique structures and distinctive properties have motivated their on-chip integration, yielding a variety of functional devices with superior performance and new features. To realize integrated devices incorporating 2D materials, it requires a diverse range of device fabrication techniques, which are of fundamental importance to achieve good performance and high reproducibility. This paper reviews the state-of-art fabrication techniques for the on-chip integration of 2D materials. First, an overview of the material properties and on-chip applications of 2D materials is provided. Second, different approaches used for integrating 2D materials on chips are comprehensively reviewed, which are categorized into material synthesis, on-chip transfer, film patterning, and property tuning/modification. Third, the methods for integrating 2D van der Waals heterostructures are also discussed and summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnan Jia
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Jiayang Wu
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yang Qu
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Baohua Jia
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Zhigang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - David J Moss
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
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Wang Y, Iyikanat F, Rostami H, Bai X, Hu X, Das S, Dai Y, Du L, Zhang Y, Li S, Lipsanen H, García de Abajo FJ, Sun Z. Probing Electronic States in Monolayer Semiconductors through Static and Transient Third-Harmonic Spectroscopies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107104. [PMID: 34743375 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Electronic states and their dynamics are of critical importance for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, various relevant electronic states in monolayer MoS2 , such as multiple excitonic Rydberg states and free-particle energy bands are probed with a high relative contrast of up to ≥200 via broadband (from ≈1.79 to 3.10 eV) static third-harmonic spectroscopy (THS), which is further supported by theoretical calculations. Moreover, transient THS is introduced to demonstrate that third-harmonic generation can be all-optically modulated with a modulation depth exceeding ≈94% at ≈2.18 eV, providing direct evidence of dominant carrier relaxation processes associated with carrier-exciton and carrier-phonon interactions. The results indicate that static and transient THS are not only promising techniques for the characterization of monolayer semiconductors and their heterostructures, but also a potential platform for disruptive photonic and optoelectronic applications, including all-optical modulation and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Fadil Iyikanat
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | - Habib Rostami
- Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Xueyin Bai
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Xuerong Hu
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Susobhan Das
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Yunyun Dai
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Luojun Du
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Shisheng Li
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Harri Lipsanen
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
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Massicotte M, Soavi G, Principi A, Tielrooij KJ. Hot carriers in graphene - fundamentals and applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8376-8411. [PMID: 33913956 PMCID: PMC8118204 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr09166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hot charge carriers in graphene exhibit fascinating physical phenomena, whose understanding has improved greatly over the past decade. They have distinctly different physical properties compared to, for example, hot carriers in conventional metals. This is predominantly the result of graphene's linear energy-momentum dispersion, its phonon properties, its all-interface character, and the tunability of its carrier density down to very small values, and from electron- to hole-doping. Since a few years, we have witnessed an increasing interest in technological applications enabled by hot carriers in graphene. Of particular interest are optical and optoelectronic applications, where hot carriers are used to detect (photodetection), convert (nonlinear photonics), or emit (luminescence) light. Graphene-enabled systems in these application areas could find widespread use and have a disruptive impact, for example in the field of data communication, high-frequency electronics, and industrial quality control. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the most relevant physics and working principles that are relevant for applications exploiting hot carriers in graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Massicotte
- Institut Quantique and Département de Physique, Université de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada
| | - Giancarlo Soavi
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena07743 JenaGermany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena07745 JenaGermany
| | | | - Klaas-Jan Tielrooij
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST & CSIC, Campus UAB08193BellaterraBarcelonaSpain
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18
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Liu T, Zhou C, Xiao S. Tailoring anisotropic absorption in a borophene-based structure via critical coupling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:8941-8950. [PMID: 33820334 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The research of two-dimensional (2D) materials with atomic-scale thicknesses and unique optical properties has become a frontier in photonics and electronics. Borophene, a newly reported 2D material, provides a novel building block for nanoscale materials and devices. We present a simple borophene-based absorption structure to boost the light-borophene interaction via critical coupling in the visible wavelengths. The proposed structure consists of borophene monolayer deposited on a photonic crystal slab backed with a metallic mirror. The numerical simulations and theoretical analysis show that the light absorption of the structure can be remarkably enhanced as high as 99.80% via critical coupling mechanism with guided resonance, and the polarization-dependent absorption behaviors are demonstrated due to the strong anisotropy of borophene. We also examine the tunability of the absorption behaviors by adjusting carrier density and lifetime of borophene, air hole radius in the slab, the incident angle and polarization angle. The proposed absorption structure provides novel access to the flexible and effective manipulation of light-borophene interactions in the visible and shows a good prospect for the future borophene-based electronic and photonic devices.
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