1
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Smith JW, Carnevale LN, Das A, Chen Q. Electron videography of a lipid-protein tango. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk0217. [PMID: 38630809 PMCID: PMC11023515 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Biological phenomena, from enzymatic catalysis to synaptic transmission, originate in the structural transformations of biomolecules and biomolecular assemblies in liquid water. However, directly imaging these nanoscopic dynamics without probes or labels has been a fundamental methodological challenge. Here, we developed an approach for "electron videography"-combining liquid phase electron microscopy with molecular modeling-with which we filmed the nanoscale structural fluctuations of individual, suspended, and unlabeled membrane protein nanodiscs in liquid. Systematic comparisons with biochemical data and simulation indicate the graphene encapsulation involved can afford sufficiently reduced effects of the illuminating electron beam for these observations to yield quantitative fingerprints of nanoscale lipid-protein interactions. Our results suggest that lipid-protein interactions delineate dynamically modified membrane domains across unexpectedly long ranges. Moreover, they contribute to the molecular mechanics of the nanodisc as a whole in a manner specific to the protein within. Overall, this work illustrates an experimental approach to film, quantify, and understand biomolecular dynamics at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lauren N. Carnevale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Aditi Das
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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2
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Vigil SA, Moreno-Hernandez IA. Dissolution Heterogeneity Observed in Anisotropic Ruthenium Dioxide Nanocrystals via Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146. [PMID: 38597585 PMCID: PMC11048125 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Noble metal oxides such as ruthenium dioxide are highly active electrocatalysts for anodic reactions in acidic electrolytes, but dissolution during electrochemical operation impedes wide-scale applications in renewable energy technologies. Improving the fundamental understanding of the dissolution dynamics of application-relevant morphologies such as nanocrystals is critical for the grid-scale implementation of these materials. Herein, we report the nanoscale heterogeneity observed via liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy during ruthenium dioxide nanocrystal dissolution under oxidizing conditions. Single-crystalline ruthenium dioxide nanocrystals enabled the direct observation of dissolution along different crystallographic facets, allowing an unprecedented direct comparison of crystal facet stability. The nanoscale observations revealed substantial heterogeneity in the relative stability of crystallographic facets across different nanocrystals, attributed to the nanoscale strains present in these crystals. These findings highlight the importance of nanoscale heterogeneity in determining macroscale properties such as electrocatalyst stability and provide a characterization methodology that can be integrated into next-generation electrocatalyst discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Avery Vigil
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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3
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Hurst PJ, Mulvey JT, Bone RA, Selmani S, Hudson RF, Guan Z, Green JR, Patterson JP. CryoEM reveals the complex self-assembly of a chemically driven disulfide hydrogel. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1106-1116. [PMID: 38239701 PMCID: PMC10793653 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05790a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the adaptability of biological materials, a variety of synthetic, chemically driven self-assembly processes have been developed that result in the transient formation of supramolecular structures. These structures form through two simultaneous reactions, forward and backward, which generate and consume a molecule that undergoes self-assembly. The dynamics of these assembly processes have been shown to differ from conventional thermodynamically stable molecular assemblies. However, the evolution of nanoscale morphologies in chemically driven self-assembly and how they compare to conventional assemblies has not been resolved. Here, we use a chemically driven redox system to separately carry out the forward and backward reactions. We analyze the forward and backward reactions both sequentially and synchronously with time-resolved cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoEM). Quantitative image analysis shows that the synchronous process is more complex and heterogeneous than the sequential process. Our key finding is that a thermodynamically unstable stacked nanorod phase, briefly observed in the backward reaction, is sustained for ∼6 hours in the synchronous process. Kinetic Monte Carlo modeling show that the synchronous process is driven by multiple cycles of assembly and disassembly. The collective data suggest that chemically driven self-assembly can create sustained morphologies not seen in thermodynamically stable assemblies by kinetically stabilizing transient intermediates. This finding provides plausible design principles to develop and optimize supramolecular materials with novel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Joshua Hurst
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Justin T Mulvey
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Rebecca A Bone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts 02125 USA
| | - Serxho Selmani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Redford F Hudson
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Jason R Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts 02125 USA
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts 02125 USA
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
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4
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Chen A, Dissanayake TU, Sun J, Woehl TJ. Unraveling chemical processes during nanoparticle synthesis with liquid phase electron microscopy and correlative techniques. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12830-12846. [PMID: 37807847 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03723a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) has enabled unprecedented direct real time imaging of physicochemical processes during solution phase synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. LPTEM primarily provides images of nanometer scale, and sometimes atomic scale, metal nanoparticle crystallization processes, but provides little chemical information about organic surface ligands, metal-ligand complexes and reaction intermediates, and redox reactions. Likewise, complex electron beam-solvent interactions during LPTEM make it challenging to pinpoint the chemical processes, some involving exotic highly reactive radicals, impacting nanoparticle formation. Pairing LPTEM with correlative solution synthesis, ex situ chemical analysis, and theoretical modeling represents a powerful approach to gain a holistic understanding of the chemical processes involved in nanoparticle synthesis. In this feature article, we review recent work by our lab and others that has focused on elucidating chemical processes during nanoparticle synthesis using LPTEM and correlative chemical characterization and modeling, including mass and optical spectrometry, fluorescence microscopy, solution chemistry, and reaction kinetic modeling. In particular, we show how these approaches enable investigating redox chemistry during LPTEM, polymeric and organic capping ligands, metal deposition mechanisms on plasmonic nanoparticles, metal clusters and complexes, and multimetallic nanoparticle formation. Future avenues of research are discussed, including moving beyond electron beam induced nanoparticle formation by using light and thermal stimuli during LPTEM. We discuss prospects for real time LPTEM imaging and online chemical analysis of reaction intermediates using microfluidic flow reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Thilini U Dissanayake
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Jiayue Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Taylor J Woehl
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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5
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Chao HY, Venkatraman K, Moniri S, Jiang Y, Tang X, Dai S, Gao W, Miao J, Chi M. In Situ and Emerging Transmission Electron Microscopy for Catalysis Research. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37327473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Catalysts are the primary facilitator in many dynamic processes. Therefore, a thorough understanding of these processes has vast implications for a myriad of energy systems. The scanning/transmission electron microscope (S/TEM) is a powerful tool not only for atomic-scale characterization but also in situ catalytic experimentation. Techniques such as liquid and gas phase electron microscopy allow the observation of catalysts in an environment conducive to catalytic reactions. Correlated algorithms can greatly improve microscopy data processing and expand multidimensional data handling. Furthermore, new techniques including 4D-STEM, atomic electron tomography, cryogenic electron microscopy, and monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) push the boundaries of our comprehension of catalyst behavior. In this review, we discuss the existing and emergent techniques for observing catalysts using S/TEM. Challenges and opportunities highlighted aim to inspire and accelerate the use of electron microscopy to further investigate the complex interplay of catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yun Chao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, One Bethel Valley Road, Building 4515, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, United States
| | - Kartik Venkatraman
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, One Bethel Valley Road, Building 4515, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, United States
| | - Saman Moniri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenpei Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jianwei Miao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, One Bethel Valley Road, Building 4515, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, United States
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6
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Halford GC, Personick ML. Bridging Colloidal and Electrochemical Nanoparticle Growth with In Situ Electrochemical Measurements. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:1228-1238. [PMID: 37140656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusProspective applications involving the electrification of industrial chemical processes and electrical energy to chemical fuels interconversion as part of the energy transition to renewable energy sources have led to an increasing need for highly tailored nanostructures immobilized on electrode surfaces. Control of surface facet structure across material compositions is of particular importance for ensuring performance in such applications. Colloidal methods for producing shaped nanoparticles in solution are abundant, particularly for noble metals. However, significant technical challenges remain with respect to rationally designing syntheses for the novel compositions and morphologies required to sustainably enable the above technological advances as well as in developing methods for uniformly and reproducibly dispersing colloidally synthesized nanostructures on electrode surfaces. The direct synthesis of nanoparticles on electrodes using chemical reduction approaches remains challenging, though recent advances have been made for certain materials and structures. Electrochemical nanoparticle synthesis─where an applied current or potential instead of a chemical reducing agent drives the redox chemistry of nanoparticle growth─is poised to play an important role in advancing the fabrication of nanostructured electrodes. Specifically, this Account focuses on the colloidal-inspired design of electrochemical syntheses and the interplay between colloidal and electrochemical approaches in terms of understanding the fundamental chemical reaction mechanisms of nanoparticle growth. An initial discussion of the development of electrochemical particle syntheses that incorporate colloidal synthetic tools highlights the promising emergent capabilities that result from blending these two approaches. Furthermore, it demonstrates how existing colloidal syntheses can be directly translated to electrochemical growth on a conductive surface using real-time electrochemical measurements of the chemistry of the growth solution. Measuring the open circuit potential of a colloidal synthesis over time and then replicating that measured potential during electrochemical deposition leads to the formation of the same nanoparticle shape. These in situ open circuit and chronopotentiometric measurements also give fundamental insight about the changing chemical environment during particle growth. We highlight how these time-resolved electrochemical measurements, as well as correlated spectroelectrochemical monitoring of particle formation kinetics, enable the extraction of information regarding mechanisms of particle formation that is difficult to obtain using other approaches. This information can be translated back into colloidal synthesis design via a directed, intentional approach to synthetic development. We additionally explore the added flexibility of synthetic design for methods involving electrochemically driven reduction as compared to the use of chemical reducing agents. The Account concludes with a brief perspective on potential future directions in both fundamental studies and synthetic development enabled by this emerging integrated electrochemical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel C Halford
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
| | - Michelle L Personick
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States
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7
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Abstract
A significant challenge in the development of functional materials is understanding the growth and transformations of anisotropic colloidal metal nanocrystals. Theory and simulations can aid in the development and understanding of anisotropic nanocrystal syntheses. The focus of this review is on how results from first-principles calculations and classical techniques, such as Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations, have been integrated into multiscale theoretical predictions useful in understanding shape-selective nanocrystal syntheses. Also, examples are discussed in which machine learning has been useful in this field. There are many areas at the frontier in condensed matter theory and simulation that are or could be beneficial in this area and these prospects for future progress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Fichthorn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Physics The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania 16803 United States
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8
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Crook MF, Moreno-Hernandez IA, Ondry JC, Ciston J, Bustillo KC, Vargas A, Alivisatos AP. EELS Studies of Cerium Electrolyte Reveal Substantial Solute Concentration Effects in Graphene Liquid Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6648-6657. [PMID: 36939571 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Graphene liquid cell transmission electron microscopy is a powerful technique to visualize nanoscale dynamics and transformations at atomic resolution. However, the solution in liquid cells is known to be affected by radiolysis, and the stochastic formation of graphene liquid cells raises questions about the solution chemistry in individual pockets. In this study, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was used to evaluate a model encapsulated solution, aqueous CeCl3. First, the ratio between the O K-edge and Ce M-edge was used to approximate the concentration of cerium salt in the graphene liquid cell. It was determined that the ratio between oxygen and cerium was orders of magnitude lower than what is expected for a dilute solution, indicating that the encapsulated solution is highly concentrated. To probe how this affects the chemistry within graphene liquid cells, the oxidation of Ce3+ was measured using time-resolved parallel EELS. It was determined that Ce3+ oxidizes faster under high electron fluxes, but reaches the same steady-state Ce4+ concentration regardless of flux. The time-resolved concentration profiles enabled direct comparison to radiolysis models, which indicate rate constants and g-values of certain molecular species are substantially different in the highly concentrated environment. Finally, electron flux-dependent gold nanocrystal etching trajectories showed that gold nanocrystals etch faster at higher electron fluxes, correlating well with the Ce3+ oxidation kinetics. Understanding the effects of the highly concentrated solution in graphene liquid cells will provide new insight on previous studies and may open up opportunities to systematically study systems in highly concentrated solutions at high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F Crook
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ivan A Moreno-Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jim Ciston
- National Center for Electron Microscopy Facility, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Karen C Bustillo
- National Center for Electron Microscopy Facility, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alfred Vargas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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9
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Nguyen QN, Wang C, Shang Y, Janssen A, Xia Y. Colloidal Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals: From Asymmetrical Growth to Symmetry Breaking. Chem Rev 2022; 123:3693-3760. [PMID: 36547384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystals offer a unique platform for tailoring the physicochemical properties of solid materials to enhance their performances in various applications. While most work on controlling their shapes revolves around symmetrical growth, the introduction of asymmetrical growth and thus symmetry breaking has also emerged as a powerful route to enrich metal nanocrystals with new shapes and complex morphologies as well as unprecedented properties and functionalities. The success of this route critically relies on our ability to lift the confinement on symmetry by the underlying unit cell of the crystal structure and/or the initial seed in a systematic manner. This Review aims to provide an account of recent progress in understanding and controlling asymmetrical growth and symmetry breaking in a colloidal synthesis of noble-metal nanocrystals. With a touch on both the nucleation and growth steps, we discuss a number of methods capable of generating seeds with diverse symmetry while achieving asymmetrical growth for mono-, bi-, and multimetallic systems. We then showcase a variety of symmetry-broken nanocrystals that have been reported, together with insights into their growth mechanisms. We also highlight their properties and applications and conclude with perspectives on future directions in developing this class of nanomaterials. It is hoped that the concepts and existing challenges outlined in this Review will drive further research into understanding and controlling the symmetry breaking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh N. Nguyen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Chenxiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Yuxin Shang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Annemieke Janssen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Younan Xia
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
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10
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Afshani J, Perez Mellor A, Bürgi T, Hagemann H. Crystallization of SrAl 12O 19 Nanocrystals from Amorphous Submicrometer Particles. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:19336-19345. [PMID: 36425001 PMCID: PMC9677969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c04284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Advanced instrumentation and modern analysis tools such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have led to phenomenal progress in understanding crystallization, in particular from solution, which is a prerequisite for the design-based preparation of a target crystal. Nevertheless, little has been understood about the crystallization pathway under high-temperature annealing (HTA) conditions. Metal oxide crystals are prominent materials that are usually obtained via HTA. Despite the widespread application of hydro-/solvothermal methods on the laboratory scale, HTA is the preferred method in many industries for the mass production of metal oxide crystals. However, poor control over the morphology and grain sizes of these crystals under extreme HTA conditions limits their applications. Here, applying ex-situ TEM, the transformation of a single amorphous spherical submicrometer precursor particle of SrAl12O19 (SA6) at 1150 °C toward a nanosized thermodynamically favored hexagonal crystal is explored. It is illustrated in real space, step by step, how both kinetic and thermodynamic factors contribute to this faceting and morphology evolution. These results demonstrate a nonclassical nucleation and growth process consisting of densification, crystallite domain formation, oriented attachment, surface nucleation, 2-dimensional (2D) growth, and surface diffusion of the atoms to eventually result in the formation of a hexagonal platelet crystal. The TEM images further delineate a parent crystal driving the crystal lattice and morphological orientation of a network of interconnected platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Afshani
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, Genève1211, Switzerland
| | - Ariel Perez Mellor
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, Genève1211, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, Genève1211, Switzerland
| | - Hans Hagemann
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, Genève1211, Switzerland
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11
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Li M, Ling L. Visualizing Dynamic Environmental Processes in Liquid at Nanoscale via Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15503-15511. [PMID: 35969015 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing the structure and processes in liquids at the nanoscale is essential for understanding the fundamental mechanisms and underlying processes of environmental research. Cutting-edge progress of in situ liquid-phase (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (LP-S/TEM) and inferred possible applications are highlighted as a more and more indispensable tool for visualization of dynamic environmental processes in this Perspective. Advancements in nanofabrication technology, high-speed imaging, comprehensive detectors, and spectroscopy analysis have made it increasingly convenient to use LP S/TEM, thus providing an approach for visualization of direct and insightful scientific information with the exciting possibility of solving an increasing number of tricky environmental problems. This includes evaluating the transformation fate and path of contamination, assessing toxicology of nanomaterials, simulating solid surface corrosion processes in the environment, and observing water pollution control processes. Distinct nanoscale or even atomic understanding of the reaction would provide dependable and precise identification and quantification of contaminants in dynamic processes, thus facilitating trouble-tracing of environmental problems with amplifying complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lan Ling
- State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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12
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Rabani E, Reichman D. In Memoriam: Phillip L. Geissler (1974-2022). NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6847-6848. [PMID: 36102032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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13
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Yan C, Byrne D, Ondry JC, Kahnt A, Moreno-Hernandez IA, Kamat GA, Liu ZJ, Laube C, Crook MF, Zhang Y, Ercius P, Alivisatos AP. Facet-selective etching trajectories of individual semiconductor nanocrystals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq1700. [PMID: 35947667 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The size and shape of semiconductor nanocrystals govern their optical and electronic properties. Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) is an emerging tool that can directly visualize nanoscale chemical transformations and therefore inform the precise synthesis of nanostructures with desired functions. However, it remains difficult to controllably investigate the reactions of semiconductor nanocrystals with LCTEM, because of the highly reactive environment formed by radiolysis of liquid. Here, we harness the radiolysis processes and report the single-particle etching trajectories of prototypical semiconductor nanomaterials with well-defined crystalline facets. Lead selenide nanocubes represent an isotropic structure that retains the cubic shape during etching via a layer-by-layer mechanism. The anisotropic arrow-shaped cadmium selenide nanorods have polar facets terminated by either cadmium or selenium atoms, and the transformation trajectory is driven by etching the selenium-terminated facets. LCTEM trajectories reveal how nanoscale shape transformations of semiconductors are governed by the reactivity of specific facets in liquid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dana Byrne
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Gaurav A Kamat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zi-Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christian Laube
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michelle F Crook
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter Ercius
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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14
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Sung J, Bae Y, Park H, Kang S, Choi BK, Kim J, Park J. Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy for Reliable In Situ Imaging of Nanomaterials. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2022; 13:167-191. [PMID: 35700529 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-034534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) is a powerful in situ visualization technique for directly characterizing nanomaterials in the liquid state. Despite its successful application in many fields, several challenges remain in achieving more accurate and reliable observations. We present LPTEM in chemical and biological applications, including studies for the morphological transformation and dynamics of nanoparticles, battery systems, catalysis, biomolecules, and organic systems. We describe the possible interactions and effects of the electron beam on specimens during observation and present sample-specific approaches to mitigate and control these electron-beam effects. We provide recent advances in achieving atomic-level resolution for liquid-phase investigation of structures anddynamics. Moreover, we discuss the development of liquid cell platforms and the introduction of machine-learning data processing for quantitative and objective LPTEM analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbaek Sung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Bae
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Kang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Back Kyu Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joodeok Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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15
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Kazanowska BA, Sapkota KR, Lu P, Talin AA, Bussmann E, Ohta T, Gunning BP, Jones KS, Wang GT. Fabrication and field emission properties of vertical, tapered GaN nanowires etched via phosphoric acid. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:035301. [PMID: 34555820 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The controlled fabrication of vertical, tapered, and high-aspect ratio GaN nanowires via a two-step top-down process consisting of an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etch followed by a hot, 85% H3PO4crystallographic wet etch is explored. The vertical nanowires are oriented in the[0001]direction and are bound by sidewalls comprising of{336¯2}semipolar planes which are at a 12° angle from the [0001] axis. High temperature H3PO4etching between 60 °C and 95 °C result in smooth semipolar faceting with no visible micro-faceting, whereas a 50 °C etch reveals a micro-faceted etch evolution. High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging confirms nanowire tip dimensions down to 8-12 nanometers. The activation energy associated with the etch process is 0.90 ± 0.09 eV, which is consistent with a reaction-rate limited dissolution process. The exposure of the{336¯2}type planes is consistent with etching barrier index calculations. The field emission properties of the nanowires were investigated via a nanoprobe in a scanning electron microscope as well as by a vacuum field emission electron microscope. The measurements show a gap size dependent turn-on voltage, with a maximum current of 33 nA and turn-on field of 1.92 V nm-1for a 50 nm gap, and uniform emission across the array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Kazanowska
- University of Florida, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - Keshab R Sapkota
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, United States of America
| | - Ping Lu
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, United States of America
| | - A Alec Talin
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, United States of America
| | - Ezra Bussmann
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, United States of America
| | - Taisuke Ohta
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, United States of America
| | - Brendan P Gunning
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, United States of America
| | - Kevin S Jones
- University of Florida, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
| | - George T Wang
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, United States of America
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16
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Sun M, Cheng Z, Chen W, Jones M. Understanding Symmetry Breaking at the Single-Particle Level via the Growth of Tetrahedron-Shaped Nanocrystals from Higher-Symmetry Precursors. ACS NANO 2021; 15:15953-15961. [PMID: 34554725 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of single crystalline metal nanoparticles adopt shapes in the Oh point group as a consequence of the symmetry of the underlying face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal lattice. Tetrahedra are a notable exception to this rule, and although they have been observed in several syntheses, their growth mechanism, and the symmetry-reduction process that necessarily characterizes it, is poorly understood. Here, a symmetry breaking mechanism is revealed by in situ liquid flow cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of seeded growth in which tetrahedra nanoparticles are formed from higher symmetry seeds. Real-time observation of the growth demonstrates a kinetically driven pathway during which rhombic dodecahedra nanoparticles transition to tetrahedra through tristetrahedra intermediates, with an accompanying surface facet evolution from {110} to {111} via {hhl} (where h > l), respectively. On the basis of these data, we propose a mechanism that relies on a rapid loss of inversion symmetry in the initial stages of the reaction, followed by differential reactivity of tips vs faces under conditions of relatively high supersaturation and moderate ligand concentration. The application of these insights to ex situ synthesis conditions allowed for an improved yield of tetrahedra nanoparticles. This work sheds an important mechanistic light on the crystallographic underpinnings of nanoparticle shape and symmetry transformations and highlights the importance of single-particle characterization tools for monitoring nanoscale phenomena.
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17
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Zheng Q, Shangguan J, Li X, Zhang Q, Bustillo KC, Wang LW, Jiang J, Zheng H. Observation of Surface Ligands-Controlled Etching of Palladium Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6640-6647. [PMID: 34324356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Selective adsorption of ligands on nanocrystal surfaces can affect oxidative etching. Here, we report the etching of palladium nanocrystals imaged using liquid cell transmission electron microscopy. The adsorption of surface ligands (i.e., iron acetylacetonate and its derivatives) and their role as inhibitor molecules on the etching process were investigated. Our observations revealed that the etching was dominated by the interplay between palladium facets and ligands and that the etching exhibited different pathways at different concentrations of ligands. At a low concentration of iron acetylacetonate (0.1 mM), rapid etching primarily at {100} facets led to a concave structure. At a high concentration (1.0 mM), the etch rate was decreased owing to a protective film of iron acetylacetonate on the {100} facets and a round nanoparticle was achieved. Ab initio calculations showed that the differences in adsorption energy of inhibitor molecules on palladium facets were responsible for the etching behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zheng
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P.R. China
| | - Junyi Shangguan
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xinle Li
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Qiubo Zhang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Karen C Bustillo
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lin-Wang Wang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jinyang Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P.R. China
| | - Haimei Zheng
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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18
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Crook MF, Laube C, Moreno-Hernandez IA, Kahnt A, Zahn S, Ondry JC, Liu A, Alivisatos AP. Elucidating the Role of Halides and Iron during Radiolysis-Driven Oxidative Etching of Gold Nanocrystals Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy and Pulse Radiolysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11703-11713. [PMID: 34292703 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Graphene liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has enabled the observation of a variety of nanoscale transformations. Yet understanding the chemistry of the liquid cell solution and its impact on the observed transformations remains an important step toward translating insights from liquid cell TEM to benchtop chemistry. Gold nanocrystal etching can be used as a model system to probe the reactivity of the solution. FeCl3 has been widely used to promote gold oxidation in bulk and liquid cell TEM studies, but the roles of the halide and iron species have not been fully elucidated. In this work, we observed the etching trajectories of gold nanocrystals in different iron halide solutions. We observed an increase in gold nanocrystal etch rate going from Cl-- to Br-- to I--containing solutions. This is consistent with a mechanism in which the dominant role of halides is as complexation agents for oxidized gold species. Additionally, the mechanism through which FeCl3 induces etching in liquid cell TEM remains unclear. Ground-state bleaching of the Fe(III) absorption band observed through pulse radiolysis indicates that iron may react with Cl2·- radicals to form an oxidized transient species under irradiation. Complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations indicate that the FeCl3 complex is oxidized to an Fe species with an OH radical ligand. Together our data indicate that an oxidized Fe species may be the active oxidant, while halides modulate the etch rate by tuning the reduction potential of gold nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F Crook
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christian Laube
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ivan A Moreno-Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Zahn
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California-Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aijia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California-Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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19
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Hao X, Zhang S, Xu Y, Tang L, Inoue K, Saito M, Ma S, Chen C, Xu B, Adschiri T, Ikuhara Y. Surfactant-mediated morphology evolution and self-assembly of cerium oxide nanocrystals for catalytic and supercapacitor applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10393-10401. [PMID: 34076010 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01746b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant plays a remarkable role in determining the growth process (facet exposition) of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) and the formation of self-assembled NC superstructures, the underlying mechanism of which, however, still requires elucidation. In this work, the mechanism of surfactant-mediated morphology evolution and self-assembly of CeO2 nanocrystals is elucidated by exploring the effect that surfactant modification has on the shape, size, exposed facets, and arrangement of the CeO2 NCs. It is directly proved that surfactant molecules determine the morphologies of the CeO2 NCs by preferentially bonding onto Ce-terminated {100} facets, changing from large truncated octahedra (mostly {111} and {100} exposed), to cubes (mostly {100} exposed) and small cuboctahedra (mostly {100} and {111} exposed) by increasing the amount of surfactant. The exposure degree of the {100} facets largely affects the concentration of Ce3+ in the CeO2 NCs, thus the cubic CeO2 NCs exhibit superior oxygen storage capacity and excellent supercapacitor performance due to a high fraction of exposed active {100} facets with great superstructure stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Hao
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China. and WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China. and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China. and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Liangyu Tang
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Kazutoshi Inoue
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Saito
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 116-0013, Japan.
| | - Shufang Ma
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Chunlin Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Bingshe Xu
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Tadafumi Adschiri
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Ikuhara
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan. and Institute of Engineering Innovation, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 116-0013, Japan.
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20
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Fritsch B, Hutzler A, Wu M, Khadivianazar S, Vogl L, Jank MPM, März M, Spiecker E. Accessing local electron-beam induced temperature changes during in situ liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2466-2474. [PMID: 36134158 PMCID: PMC9419575 DOI: 10.1039/d0na01027h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A significant electron-beam induced heating effect is demonstrated for liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy at low electron flux densities using Au nanoparticles as local nanothermometers. The obtained results are in agreement with theoretical considerations. Furthermore, the impact of beam-induced heating on radiolysis chemistry is estimated and the consequences of the effect are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birk Fritsch
- Electron Devices (LEB), Department of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstraße 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Hutzler
- Electron Devices (LEB), Department of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstraße 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Mingjian Wu
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Saba Khadivianazar
- Electron Devices (LEB), Department of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstraße 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Lilian Vogl
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Michael P M Jank
- Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology IISB Schottkystraße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Martin März
- Electron Devices (LEB), Department of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstraße 6 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology IISB Schottkystraße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
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21
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Sun M, Tian J, Chen Q. The studies on wet chemical etching via in situ liquid cell TEM. Ultramicroscopy 2021; 231:113271. [PMID: 33879369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Wet chemical etching is a widely used process to fabricate fascinating nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles with precisely controlled size and shape. Understanding the etching mechanism and kinetic evolution process is crucial for controlling wet chemical etching. The development of in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) enables the study on wet chemical etching with high temporal and spatial resolutions. However, there still lack a detailed literature review on the wet chemical etching studies by in situ LCTEM. In this review, we summarize the studies on wet etching nanoparticles, one-dimensional nanomaterials and nanoribbons by in situ LCTEM, including etching rate, anisotropic etching, morphology evolution process, and etching mechanism. The challenges and opportunities of in situ LCTEM are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Sun
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiamin Tian
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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22
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Sanchez DA, Dai Z, Lu N. 2D Material Bubbles: Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Grau-Carbonell A, Sadighikia S, Welling TAJ, van Dijk-Moes RJA, Kotni R, Bransen M, van Blaaderen A, van Huis MA. In Situ Study of the Wet Chemical Etching of SiO 2 and Nanoparticle@SiO 2 Core-Shell Nanospheres. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1136-1148. [PMID: 33763630 PMCID: PMC7976607 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of liquid cell (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (LC-(S)TEM) has opened the unique possibility of studying the chemical behavior of nanomaterials down to the nanoscale in a liquid environment. Here, we show that the chemically induced etching of three different types of silica-based silica nanoparticles can be reliably studied at the single particle level using LC-(S)TEM with a negligible effect of the electron beam, and we demonstrate this method by successfully monitoring the formation of silica-based heterogeneous yolk-shell nanostructures. By scrutinizing the influence of electron beam irradiation, we show that the cumulative electron dose on the imaging area plays a crucial role in the observed damage and needs to be considered during experimental design. Monte-Carlo simulations of the electron trajectories during LC-(S)TEM experiments allowed us to relate the cumulative electron dose to the deposited energy on the particles, which was found to significantly alter the silica network under imaging conditions of nanoparticles. We used these optimized LC-(S)TEM imaging conditions to systematically characterize the wet etching of silica and metal(oxide)-silica core-shell nanoparticles with cores of gold and iron oxide, which are representative of many other core-silica-shell systems. The LC-(S)TEM method reliably reproduced the etching patterns of Stöber, water-in-oil reverse microemulsion (WORM), and amino acid-catalyzed silica particles that were reported before in the literature. Furthermore, we directly visualized the formation of yolk-shell structures from the wet etching of Au@Stöber silica and Fe3O4@WORM silica core-shell nanospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Grau-Carbonell
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Sina Sadighikia
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Tom A. J. Welling
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Relinde J. A. van Dijk-Moes
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Ramakrishna Kotni
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Bransen
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn A. van Huis
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
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24
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Park J, Koo K, Noh N, Chang JH, Cheong JY, Dae KS, Park JS, Ji S, Kim ID, Yuk JM. Graphene Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy: Progress, Applications, and Perspectives. ACS NANO 2021; 15:288-308. [PMID: 33395264 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene liquid cell electron microscopy (GLC-EM), a cutting-edge liquid-phase EM technique, has become a powerful tool to directly visualize wet biological samples and the microstructural dynamics of nanomaterials in liquids. GLC uses graphene sheets with a one carbon atom thickness as a viewing window and a liquid container. As a result, GLC facilitates atomic-scale observation while sustaining intact liquids inside an ultra-high-vacuum transmission electron microscopy chamber. Using GLC-EM, diverse scientific results have been recently reported in the material, colloidal, environmental, and life science fields. Here, the developments of GLC fabrications, such as first-generation veil-type cells, second-generation well-type cells, and third-generation liquid-flowing cells, are summarized. Moreover, recent GLC-EM studies on colloidal nanoparticles, battery electrodes, mineralization, and wet biological samples are also highlighted. Finally, the considerations and future opportunities associated with GLC-EM are discussed to offer broad understanding and insight on atomic-resolution imaging in liquid-state dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungjae Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunmo Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Namgyu Noh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Cheong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Seong Dae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Yuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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25
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Parent LR, Gnanasekaran K, Korpanty J, Gianneschi NC. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Polymeric Materials by In Situ Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:14-38. [PMID: 35548998 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A century ago, Hermann Staudinger proposed the macromolecular theory of polymers, and now, as we enter the second century of polymer science, we face a different set of opportunities and challenges for the development of functional soft matter. Indeed, many fundamental questions remain open, relating to physical structures and mechanisms of phase transformations at the molecular and nanoscale. In this Viewpoint, we describe efforts to develop a dynamic, in situ microscopy tool suited to the study of polymeric materials at the nanoscale that allows for direct observation of discrete structures and processes in solution, as a complement to light, neutron, and X-ray scattering methods. Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) is a nascent in situ imaging technique for characterizing and examining solvated nanomaterials in real time. Though still under development, LPTEM has been shown to be capable of several modes of imaging: (1) imaging static solvated materials analogous to cryo-TEM, (2) videography of nanomaterials in motion, (3) observing solutions or nanomaterials undergoing physical and chemical transformations, including synthesis, assembly, and phase transitions, and (4) observing electron beam-induced chemical-materials processes. Herein, we describe opportunities and limitations of LPTEM for polymer science. We review the basic experimental platform of LPTEM and describe the origin of electron beam effects that go hand in hand with the imaging process. These electron beam effects cause perturbation and damage to the sample and solvent that can manifest as artefacts in images and videos. We describe sample-specific experimental guidelines and outline approaches to mitigate, characterize, and quantify beam damaging effects. Altogether, we seek to provide an overview of this nascent field in the context of its potential to contribute to the advancement of polymer science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R. Parent
- Innovation Partnership Building, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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Mukherjee S, Pramanik S, Das S, Chakraborty S, Mondal S, Ghosh T, Nath R, Kuiri PK. Oriented attachment induced morphology modulation of ZnO nanoparticles at low temperature using KOH as a morphology controller. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02248b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oriented attachment induced shape transition of ZnO nanoparticles from nanosphere to nanorod. The shape of the nanoparticles is controlled by the concentration of KOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Mukherjee
- Department of Physics, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi Road, Purulia, 723104, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhamay Pramanik
- Department of Physics, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi Road, Purulia, 723104, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Das
- Department of Physics, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi Road, Purulia, 723104, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhabrata Chakraborty
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah, 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Shyamal Mondal
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Center for Materials and Microsystems-Micro Nano Facility, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Tatan Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi Road, Purulia, 723104, West Bengal, India
- Department of Physics, Balarampur College, P.O - Rangadih, Purulia, 723143, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajib Nath
- Department of Physics, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi Road, Purulia, 723104, West Bengal, India
| | - Probodh K. Kuiri
- Department of Physics, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi Road, Purulia, 723104, West Bengal, India
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Xiao C, Tian N, Li WZ, Qu XM, Du JH, Lu BA, Xu BB, Zhou ZY, Sun SG. Shape transformations of Pt nanocrystals enclosed with high-index facets and low-index facets. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00949d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Shape transformation between high-index faceted Pt nanocrystals and low-index faceted ones have been achieved by an electrochemical square-wave potential method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Na Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei-Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xi-Ming Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia-Huan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bang-An Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bin-Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhi-You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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28
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Lee SH, Rho WY, Chang H, Lee JH, Kim J, Lee SH, Jun BH. Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Application. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1309:257-276. [PMID: 33782876 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6158-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNs) with outstanding properties has been rising in many scientific and industrial application fields. These CNs represent a tunable alternative for applications with biomolecules, which allow interactions in either covalent or noncovalent way. Diverse carbon-derived nanomaterial family exhibits unique features and has been widely exploited in various biomedical applications, including biosensing, diagnosis, cancer therapy, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. In this chapter, we aim to present an overview of CNs with a particular interest in intrinsic structural, electronic, and chemical properties. In particular, the detailed properties and features of CNs and its derivatives, including carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced GO (rGO) are summarized. The interesting biomedical applications are also reviewed in order to offer an overview of the possible fields for scientific and industrial applications of CNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yeop Rho
- School of International Engineering and Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Chang
- Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehi Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Hyun Jun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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29
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Khelfa A, Meng J, Byun C, Wang G, Nelayah J, Ricolleau C, Amara H, Guesmi H, Alloyeau D. Selective shortening of gold nanorods: when surface functionalization dictates the reactivity of nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22658-22667. [PMID: 33155612 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06326f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The selective shortening of gold nanorods (NRs) is a directional etching process that has been intensively studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy because of its direct impact on the optical response of these plasmonic nanostructures. Here, liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy is exploited to visualize this peculiar corrosion process at the nanoscale and study the impacts of reaction kinetics on the etching mechanisms. In situ imaging reveals that anisotropic etching requires a chemical environment with a low etching power to make the tips of NRs the only reaction site for the oxidation process. Then, aberration-corrected TEM and atomistic simulations were combined to demonstrate that the disparity between the reactivity of the body and the ends of NRs does not derive from their crystal structure but results from an inhomogeneous surface functionalization. In a general manner, this work highlights the necessity to consider the organic/inorganic natures of nanostructures to understand their chemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelali Khelfa
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université de Paris - CNRS, Paris, France.
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Hauwiller MR, Ye X, Jones MR, Chan CM, Calvin JJ, Crook MF, Zheng H, Alivisatos AP. Tracking the Effects of Ligands on Oxidative Etching of Gold Nanorods in Graphene Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:10239-10250. [PMID: 32806045 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface ligands impact the properties and chemistry of nanocrystals, but observing ligand binding locations and their effect on nanocrystal shape transformations is challenging. Using graphene liquid cell electron microscopy and the controllable, oxidative etching of gold nanocrystals, the effect of different ligands on nanocrystal etching can be tracked with nanometer spatial resolution. The chemical environment of liquids irradiated with high-energy electrons is complex and potentially harsh, yet it is possible to observe clear evidence for differential binding properties of specific ligands to the nanorods' surface. Exchanging CTAB ligands for PEG-alkanethiol ligands causes the nanorods to etch at a different, constant rate while still maintaining their aspect ratio. Adding cysteine ligands that bind preferentially to nanorod tips induces etching predominantly on the sides of the rods. This etching at the sides leads to Rayleigh instabilities and eventually breaks apart the nanorod into two separate nanoparticles. The shape transformation is controlled by the interplay between atom removal and diffusion of surface atoms and ligands. These in situ observations are confirmed with ex situ colloidal etching reactions of gold nanorods in solution. The ability to monitor the effect of ligands on nanocrystal shape transformations will enable future in situ studies of nanocrystals surfaces and ligand binding positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Hauwiller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xingchen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Cindy M Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jason J Calvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michelle F Crook
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Haimei Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California-Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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31
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Imaging the kinetics of anisotropic dissolution of bimetallic core-shell nanocubes using graphene liquid cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3041. [PMID: 32546723 PMCID: PMC7297726 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical design of multicomponent nanocrystals requires atomic-level understanding of reaction kinetics. Here, we apply single-particle imaging coupled with atomistic simulation to study reaction pathways and rates of Pd@Au and Cu@Au core-shell nanocubes undergoing oxidative dissolution. Quantitative analysis of etching kinetics using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging reveals that the dissolution mechanism changes from predominantly edge-selective to layer-by-layer removal of Au atoms as the reaction progresses. Dissolution of the Au shell slows down when both metals are exposed, which we attribute to galvanic corrosion protection. Morphological transformations are determined by intrinsic anisotropy due to coordination-number-dependent atom removal rates and extrinsic anisotropy induced by the graphene window. Our work demonstrates that bimetallic core-shell nanocrystals are excellent probes for the local physicochemical conditions inside TEM liquid cells. Furthermore, single-particle TEM imaging and atomistic simulation of reaction trajectories can inform future design strategies for compositionally and architecturally sophisticated nanocrystals. Rational design of multicomponent nanocrystals requires atomic-level understanding of reaction kinetics. Here, the authors apply single-particle liquid-cell electron microscopy imaging coupled with atomistic simulations to understand pathways and rates of bimetallic core-shell nanocubes undergoing oxidative dissolution.
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32
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Cui X, Wei T, Hao M, Qi Q, Wang H, Dai Z. Highly sensitive and selective colorimetric sensor for thiocyanate based on electrochemical oxidation-assisted complexation reaction with Gold nanostars etching. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122217. [PMID: 32062538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed an electrochemical oxidation-assisted complexation strategy for highly sensitive and selective detection of thiocyanate (SCN-). Gold nanostars (AuNSs) with uniform and sharp tips were first prepared, and we found they can be quickly etched to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) under electrochemical oxidation with the existence of halide and halogen-like ions. Through introducing SCN--selective molecule: zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), the fabricated ZnPc-AuNSs/ITO electrode can rapidly and selectively response to SCN- under electrochemical oxidation, manifesting as a noticeable change in color from navy blue to red. Thus SCN- concentration can be easily reflected. The wide wavelength tuning range of AuNSs to AuNPs make the ZnPc-AuNSs/ITO sensor obtain a much wider detection range for SCN- (10 nM to 80 mM) than most other reported studies. In addition, the detection limit is as low as 3 nM. It renders the sensor to be easily used in much diluted matrixes, which can further lower the interference. We further applied the colorimetric sensor to SCN- detection in wastewater and milk, excellent performance was obtained. The proposed electrochemical oxidation-assisted complexation strategy will have good promise in developing colorimetric sensors with high selectivity and wide detection range, and will display more useful application in environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Cui
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiang Wei
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Hao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Dai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China; Nanjing Normal University Center for Analysis and Testing, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Sun M, Yu B, Hong M, Li Z, Lyu F, Li X, Li Z, Wei X, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Chen Q. Controlling the Facet of ZnO during Wet Chemical Etching Its (000 1 ¯ ) O-Terminated Surface. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906435. [PMID: 32108429 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Special surface plays a crucial role in nature as well as in industry. Here, the surface morphology evolution of ZnO during wet etching is studied by in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy and ex situ wet chemical etching. Many hillocks are observed on the (000 1 ¯ ) O-terminated surface of ZnO nano/micro belts during in situ etching. Nanoparticles on the apex of the hillocks are observed to be essential for the formation of the hillocks, providing direct experimental evidence of the micromasking mechanism. The surfaces of the hillocks are identified to be {01 1 ¯ 3 ¯ } crystal facets, which is different from the known fact that {01 1 ¯ 1 ¯ } crystal facets appear on the (000 1 ¯ ) O-terminated surface of ZnO after wet chemical etching. O2 plasma treatment is found to be the key factor for the appearance of {01 1 ¯ 3 ¯ } instead of {01 1 ¯ 1 ¯ } crystal facets after etching for both ZnO nano/micro belts and bulk materials. The synergistic effect of acidic etching and O-rich surface caused by O2 plasma treatment is proposed to be the cause of the appearance of {01 1 ¯ 3 ¯ } crystal facets. This method can be extended to control the surface morphology of other materials during wet chemical etching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Sun
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bocheng Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mengyu Hong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fengjiao Lyu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xing Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xianlong Wei
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Zhang L, He LB, Shi L, Yang YF, Shang GL, Hong H, Sun LT. A novel method for in situ visualization of the growth kinetics, structures and behaviours of gas-phase fabricated metallic alloy nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:13037-13042. [PMID: 35492094 PMCID: PMC9051413 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01740j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of gas-phase nanoparticles is unmethodical as there is a lack of information on the growth kinetics and its determinants. Here, we developed a novel in situ evaporation-and-deposition (EAD) method inside a transmission electron microscope which enables direct visualization of the nucleation, growth, coalescence and shape/phase evolution of gas-phase fabricated nanoparticles. Using a Bi49Pb18Sn12In21 alloy as a sample, the critical factors that determine the feasibility of this EAD method are revealed. By direct observation, it is unambiguously evidenced that pristine nanoparticles with ultra-clean surfaces are extremely energetic during growth. Coalescence between EAD-fabricated nanoparticles takes place in a manner beyond conventional understanding acquired by postmortem analyses. Moreover, the EAD-fabricated diverse nanoparticles show distinct size distributions and sandwich-type or Janus-type phase segregations. These features offer an effective tool to identify atomic surface steps of thin films and can provide an ideal case for exploring the phase diagrams of nanoalloys in the future. In situ visualizing the growth kinetics and behaviours of alloy nanoparticles by a novel EAD method.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Centre, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University Nanjing 210096 P. R. China
| | - Long-Bing He
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Centre, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University Nanjing 210096 P. R. China .,Centre for Advanced Materials and Manufacture, Joint Research Institute of Southeast University and Monash University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Centre, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University Nanjing 210096 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Yang
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Centre, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University Nanjing 210096 P. R. China
| | - Guan-Lei Shang
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Centre, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University Nanjing 210096 P. R. China
| | - Hua Hong
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Centre, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University Nanjing 210096 P. R. China
| | - Li-Tao Sun
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Centre, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University Nanjing 210096 P. R. China .,Centre for Advanced Materials and Manufacture, Joint Research Institute of Southeast University and Monash University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
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Casalis de Pury A, Zheng X, Ojambati OS, Trifonov A, Grosse C, Kleemann ME, Babenko V, Purdie D, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Lombardo A, Vandenbosch GAE, Hofmann S, Baumberg JJ. Localized Nanoresonator Mode in Plasmonic Microcavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:093901. [PMID: 32202875 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.093901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Submicron-thick hexagonal boron nitride crystals embedded in noble metals form planar Fabry-Perot half-microcavities. Depositing Au nanoparticles on top of these microcavities forms previously unidentified angle- and polarization-sensitive nanoresonator modes that are tightly laterally confined by the nanoparticle. Comparing dark-field scattering with reflection spectroscopies shows plasmonic and Fabry-Perot-like enhancements magnify subtle interference contributions, which lead to unexpected redshifts in the dark-field spectra, explained by the presence of these new modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Casalis de Pury
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Graphene Centre and Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - X Zheng
- ESAT-TELEMIC, KU Leuven, B-300 Leuven, Belgium
| | - O S Ojambati
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - A Trifonov
- Spin Optics Lab, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - C Grosse
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - M-E Kleemann
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - V Babenko
- Cambridge Graphene Centre and Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - D Purdie
- Cambridge Graphene Centre and Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - T Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-44, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-44, Japan
| | - A Lombardo
- Cambridge Graphene Centre and Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | | | - S Hofmann
- Cambridge Graphene Centre and Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - J J Baumberg
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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36
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Smith JW, Chen Q. Liquid-phase electron microscopy imaging of cellular and biomolecular systems. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:8490-8506. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01300e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-phase electron microscopy, a new method for real-time nanoscopic imaging in liquid, makes it possible to study cells or biomolecules with a singular combination of spatial and temporal resolution. We review the state of the art in biological research in this growing and promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
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37
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Koscher BA, Nett Z, Alivisatos AP. The Underlying Chemical Mechanism of Selective Chemical Etching in CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals for Reliably Accessing Near-Unity Emitters. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11825-11833. [PMID: 31553569 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Reliably accessing nanocrystal luminophores with near-unity efficiencies aids in the ability to understand the upper performance limits in optoelectronic applications that require minimal nonradiative losses. Constructing structure-function relationships at the atomic level, while accounting for inevitable defects, allows for the development of robust strategies to achieve near-unity quantum yield luminophores. For CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals, bromine vacancies leave behind undercoordinated lead atoms that act as traps, limiting the achievable optical performance of the material. We show that selective etching represents a promising path for mitigating the consequences of optical defects in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. A mechanistic understanding of the etching reaction is essential for developing strategies to finely control the reaction. We report a study of the selective etching mechanism of CsPbBr3 nanocrystal cubes by controlling the etchant chemical potential. We observe optical absorption and luminescence trajectories while varying the extent and rate of lead removal, removing in some cases up to 75% of the lead from the original nanocrystal ensemble. At modest etchant chemical potentials, the size and shape uniformity of the nanocrystal ensemble improves in addition to the quantum yield, proceeding through a layer-by-layer etching mechanism. Operating with excessively high etchant chemical potentials is detrimental to the overall optical performance as the etching transitions to nonselective, while too low of a chemical potential results in incomplete etching. Through this general approach, we show how to finely control selective etching to consistently access a steady state or chemical stability zone of near-unity quantum yield CsPbBr3 nanocrystals postsynthetically, suggesting a practical framework to extend this treatment to other perovskite compositions and sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A Koscher
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Zachary Nett
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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Wang M, Dissanayake TU, Park C, Gaskell K, Woehl TJ. Nanoscale Mapping of Nonuniform Heterogeneous Nucleation Kinetics Mediated by Surface Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13516-13524. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Thilini U. Dissanayake
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chiwoo Park
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Karen Gaskell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Taylor J. Woehl
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Lami SK, Smith G, Cao E, Hastings JT. The radiation chemistry of focused electron-beam induced etching of copper in liquids. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:11550-11561. [PMID: 31168552 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01857c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Well-controlled, focused electron-beam induced etching of copper thin films has been successfully conducted on bulk substrates in an environmental scanning electron microscope by controlling liquid-film thickness with an in situ correlative interferometry system. Knowledge of the liquid-film thickness enables a hybrid Monte Carlo/continuum model of the radiation chemistry to accurately predict the copper etch rate using only electron scattering cross-sections, radical yields, and reaction rates from previous studies. Etch rates depended strongly on the thickness of the liquid film and simulations confirmed that this was a result of increased oxidizing radical generation. Etch rates also depended strongly, but non-linearly, on electron beam current, and simulations showed that this effect arises through the dose-rate dependence of reactions of radical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Lami
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.
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Hauwiller MR, Ondry JC, Chan CM, Khandekar P, Yu J, Alivisatos AP. Gold Nanocrystal Etching as a Means of Probing the Dynamic Chemical Environment in Graphene Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4428-4437. [PMID: 30777753 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Graphene liquid cell electron microscopy has the necessary temporal and spatial resolution to enable the in situ observation of nanoscale dynamics in solution. However, the chemistry of the solution in the liquid cell during imaging is as yet poorly understood due to the generation of a complex mixture of radiolysis products by the electron beam. In this work, the etching trajectories of nanocrystals were used as a probe to determine the effect of the electron beam dose rate and preloaded etchant, FeCl3, on the chemistry of the liquid cell. Initially, illuminating the sample at a low electron beam dose rate generates hydrogen bubbles, providing a reservoir of sacrificial reductant. Increasing the electron beam dose rate leads to a constant etching rate that varies linearly with the electron beam dose rate. Comparing these results with the oxidation potentials of the species in solution, the electron beam likely controls the total concentration of oxidative species in solution and FeCl3 likely controls the relative ratio of oxidative species, independently determining the etching rate and chemical potential of the reaction, respectively. Correlating these liquid cell etching results with the ex situ oxidative etching of gold nanocrystals using FeCl3 provides further insight into the liquid cell chemistry while corroborating the liquid cell dynamics with ex situ synthetic behavior. This understanding of the chemistry in the liquid cell will allow researchers to better control the liquid cell electron microscopy environment, allowing new nanoscale materials science experiments to be conducted systematically in a reproducible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute , University of California-Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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Atesyan A, Belhadj O, Combellas C, Kanoufi F, Rouchon V, Noël J. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for the Electroless Deposition of Gold on Natural Pyrite: Effect of Ferric Ions. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Atesyan
- Université Sorbonne Paris CitéUniversité Paris Diderot, ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf F-75013 Paris France
- Centre de Recherches sur la ConservationCNRS USR 3224 36 rue Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire F-75005 Paris France
| | - Oulfa Belhadj
- Centre de Recherches sur la ConservationCNRS USR 3224 36 rue Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire F-75005 Paris France
| | - Catherine Combellas
- Université Sorbonne Paris CitéUniversité Paris Diderot, ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf F-75013 Paris France
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Université Sorbonne Paris CitéUniversité Paris Diderot, ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf F-75013 Paris France
| | - Véronique Rouchon
- Centre de Recherches sur la ConservationCNRS USR 3224 36 rue Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire F-75005 Paris France
| | - Jean‐Marc Noël
- Université Sorbonne Paris CitéUniversité Paris Diderot, ITODYS, CNRS UMR 7086 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf F-75013 Paris France
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Qin Y, Lu Y, Yu D, Zhou J. Controllable synthesis of Au nanocrystals with systematic shape evolution from an octahedron to a truncated ditetragonal prism and rhombic dodecahedron. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01022j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stepwise evolution of Au nanocrystals from an octahedron to a truncated ditetragonal prism and rhombic dodecahedron was achieved by the polyol synthesis method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Qin
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology
- Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Yuxiang Lu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Dongdong Yu
- Hospital of Zhejiang University
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jianguang Zhou
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation
- State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology
- Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
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