1
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Selva Sharma A, Lee NY. Comprehensive review on fluorescent carbon dots and their applications in nucleic acid detection, nucleolus targeted imaging and gene delivery. Analyst 2024. [PMID: 39007289 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00630e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), including carbon quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, carbon nanodots, and polymer dots, have gained significant attention due to their unique structural and fluorescence characteristics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the classification, structural characteristics, and fluorescence properties of CDs, followed by an exploration of various fluorescence sensing mechanisms and their applications in gene detection, nucleolus imaging, and gene delivery. Furthermore, the functionalization of CDs with diverse surface ligand molecules, including dye molecules, nucleic acid probes, and metal derivatives, for sensitive nucleic acid detection is systematically examined. Fluorescence imaging of the cell nucleolus plays a vital role in examining intracellular processes and the dynamics of subcellular structures. By analyzing the mechanism of fluorescence and structure-function relationships inherent in CDs, the nucleolus targeting abilities of CDs in various cell lines have been discussed. Additionally, challenges such as the insufficient organelle specificity of CDs and the inconsistent mechanisms underlying nucleolus targeting have also been highlighted. The unique physical and chemical properties of CDs, particularly their strong affinity toward deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), have spurred interest in gene delivery applications. The use of nuclear-targeting peptides, polymers, and ligands in conjunction with CDs for improved gene delivery applications have been systematically reviewed. Through a comprehensive analysis, the review aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the potential and challenges associated with CDs in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Selva Sharma
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, South Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, South Korea.
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Meng X, Wang M, Lin J, Wang L, Liu J, Song Y, Jing Q, Zhao H. Intermediate aminophenol enables hectogram-scale synthesis of highly bright red carbon quantum dots under ambient conditions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9806-9813. [PMID: 38939133 PMCID: PMC11206295 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02331e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (C-dots) have developed into potential nanomaterials for lighting, catalysis and bioimaging because of their excellent optical properties and good biocompatibility. However, it is still a challenge to produce efficient red emitting carbon quantum dots (R-C-dots) due to their obscure formation mechanism. This work offered a method to reveal the formation process from the precursor o-phenylenediamine (o-PDA) to R-C-dots. Different from traditional hydrothermal reactions, R-C-dots were synthesized at relatively low temperature and ambient pressure. The pre-oxidation intermediate aminophenol played an important role in the synthesis of R-C-dots, which further cross-linked and polymerized with o-PDA in an acid environment to form R-C-dots. The obtained R-C-dots had a photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 33.26% and excellent two-photon fluorescence properties. A white light-emitting diode (WLED) based on R-C-dots as the red phosphor exhibited standard white light CIE color coordinates of (0.33, 0.33) with a correlated color temperature of 5342 K and a high color rendering index (CRI) of 94.5. The obtained rendering index is the highest value among WLEDs with color coordinates of (0.33, 0.33) based on C-dots. This work provides a new perspective for the controllable large-scale synthesis of red C-dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyong Meng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles and Clothes, College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University No. 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Maorong Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles and Clothes, College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University No. 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Jishuai Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles and Clothes, College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University No. 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Lihua Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles and Clothes, College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University No. 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles and Clothes, College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University No. 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Yang Song
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles and Clothes, College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University No. 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Jing
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles and Clothes, College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University No. 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Haiguang Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Textiles and Clothes, College of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University No. 308 Ningxia Road Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
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3
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Xu Y, Hao Y, Arif M, Xing X, Deng X, Wang D, Meng Y, Wang S, Hasanin MS, Wang W, Zhou Q. Poly(Lysine)-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots Conquer Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm-Induced Persistent Endodontic Infections. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:5879-5893. [PMID: 38895145 PMCID: PMC11184170 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s453385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Persistent endodontic infections (PEIs) mediated by bacterial biofilm mainly cause persistent periapical inflammation, resulting in recurrent periapical abscesses and progressive bone destruction. However, conventional root canal disinfectants are highly damaging to the tooth and periodontal tissue and ineffective in treating persistent root canal infections. Antimicrobial materials that are biocompatible with apical tissues and can eliminate PEIs-associated bacteria are urgently needed. Methods Here, ε-poly (L-lysine) derived carbon quantum dots (PL-CQDs) are fabricated using pyrolysis to remove PEIs-associated bacterial biofilms. Results Due to their ultra-small size, high positive charge, and active reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capacity, PL-CQDs exhibit highly effective antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), which is greatly dependent on PL-CQDs concentrations. 100 µg/mL PL-CQDs could kill E. faecalis in 5 min. Importantly, PL-CQDs effectively achieved a reduction of biofilms in the isolated teeth model, disrupting the dense structure of biofilms. PL-CQDs have acceptable cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility in vitro and good biosafety in vivo. Discussion Thus, PL-CQDs provide a new strategy for treating E. faecalis-associated PEIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Xu
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanping Hao
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Materials for Tissue Repair and Rehabilitation, School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Xing
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Deng
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danyang Wang
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Meng
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Materials for Tissue Repair and Rehabilitation, School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Sun J, Li H, Ouyang M, Cheng J, Xu D, Tan X, Lin Q. User-Friendly Multifunctional Red-Emissive Carbon Dots for Rapid Cell Nucleus Staining via Targeting Nuclear Proteins. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8432-8440. [PMID: 38709576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Cytoarchitectural staining is of great importance in disease diagnosis and cell biology research. This study developed user-friendly multifunctional red-emissive carbon dots (R-CDs) for rapid cell nucleus staining via targeting nuclear proteins. R-CDs, simply prepared by electrochemical treatment of 1,2,4-benzenetriamine, exhibit strong emission at 635 nm when excited at 507 nm. The R-CDs can rapidly stain the nucleus of human SH-SY5Y, HepG2, and HUH-7 cells with a high signal-to-noise ratio owing to fluorescence enhancement after entering the nucleus. Compared to conventional cytosolic dyes such as Hoechst and DAPI, R-CDs are cheaper, more highly dispersed in water, and more stable (requiring no stringent storage conditions). The R-CDs show stable optical properties with insignificant photobleaching over 7 days and salt resistance up to 2 M of NaCl. More importantly, R-CDs, possessing a positive charge, allow rapid staining of live cells (3 min) and dead cells (10 s) in saline. According to kinetic variation, R-CDs can distinguish live cells from dead cells. Staining exhibits high efficiency in onion epidermal cells, Aspergillus niger, Caenorhabditis elegans, and human spermatozoa. The mechanism for efficient staining is based on their fast accumulation in the nucleus due to their small size and positive charge and strong interaction with nuclear proteins at amino acid residues of histidine and arginine, resulting in fluorescence enhancement by dozens of times. The developed R-CDs do not bind to DNA and would not cause genetic damage and will find various safe applications in biological and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproducts Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Hongchen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproducts Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Min Ouyang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproducts Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Technology Center of Changsha Customs, Hunan Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Dong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproducts Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tan
- The Key Lab of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Education Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproducts Further Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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Krasley A, Li E, Galeana JM, Bulumulla C, Beyene AG, Demirer GS. Carbon Nanomaterial Fluorescent Probes and Their Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3085-3185. [PMID: 38478064 PMCID: PMC10979413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have broadly useful chemical and photophysical attributes that are conducive to applications in biology. In this review, we focus on materials whose photophysics allow for the use of these materials in biomedical and environmental applications, with emphasis on imaging, biosensing, and cargo delivery. The review focuses primarily on graphitic carbon nanomaterials including graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, as well as carbon dots and carbon nanohoops. Recent advances in and future prospects of these fields are discussed at depth, and where appropriate, references to reviews pertaining to older literature are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
T. Krasley
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Eugene Li
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jesus M. Galeana
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chandima Bulumulla
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Abraham G. Beyene
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Gozde S. Demirer
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Xu N, Ge H, Zheng J, Sun W, Du J, Fan J, Peng X. Wavelength-Tuneable Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Nucleic Acid Imaging. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38327078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid is one of the most important substances in organisms, and its dynamic changes are closely related to physiological processes. Nucleic acid labeling is conducive to providing important information for the early diagnosis and treatment of pathophysiological processes. Here, we utilized the transfer mechanism between carbon sources and CDs to synthesize wavelength-adjustable N-CDs for the nucleic acid image. Along with the increased graphite nitrogen (from 10.6 to 30.1%) gradually by the precise design of the nitrogen structure in carbon sources (e.g., primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, and liking graphite-nitrogen), the energy gap of CDs reduced, resulting in adjustable wavelength from visible to near-infrared range (from 461 nm/527 nm to 650 nm/676 nm). Furthermore, N-CDs exhibited a selective affinity for nucleic acids, especially RNA. Therefore, N-CDs support an efficient platform for real-time tracking of RNA dynamic changes in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Haoying Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiazhu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jianjun Du
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
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Zhang J, Li F, Liu D, Liu Q, Song H. Engineering extracellular electron transfer pathways of electroactive microorganisms by synthetic biology for energy and chemicals production. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1375-1446. [PMID: 38117181 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00537b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The excessive consumption of fossil fuels causes massive emission of CO2, leading to climate deterioration and environmental pollution. The development of substitutes and sustainable energy sources to replace fossil fuels has become a worldwide priority. Bio-electrochemical systems (BESs), employing redox reactions of electroactive microorganisms (EAMs) on electrodes to achieve a meritorious combination of biocatalysis and electrocatalysis, provide a green and sustainable alternative approach for bioremediation, CO2 fixation, and energy and chemicals production. EAMs, including exoelectrogens and electrotrophs, perform extracellular electron transfer (EET) (i.e., outward and inward EET), respectively, to exchange energy with the environment, whose rate determines the efficiency and performance of BESs. Therefore, we review the synthetic biology strategies developed in the last decade for engineering EAMs to enhance the EET rate in cell-electrode interfaces for facilitating the production of electricity energy and value-added chemicals, which include (1) progress in genetic manipulation and editing tools to achieve the efficient regulation of gene expression, knockout, and knockdown of EAMs; (2) synthetic biological engineering strategies to enhance the outward EET of exoelectrogens to anodes for electricity power production and anodic electro-fermentation (AEF) for chemicals production, including (i) broadening and strengthening substrate utilization, (ii) increasing the intracellular releasable reducing equivalents, (iii) optimizing c-type cytochrome (c-Cyts) expression and maturation, (iv) enhancing conductive nanowire biosynthesis and modification, (v) promoting electron shuttle biosynthesis, secretion, and immobilization, (vi) engineering global regulators to promote EET rate, (vii) facilitating biofilm formation, and (viii) constructing cell-material hybrids; (3) the mechanisms of inward EET, CO2 fixation pathway, and engineering strategies for improving the inward EET of electrotrophic cells for CO2 reduction and chemical production, including (i) programming metabolic pathways of electrotrophs, (ii) rewiring bioelectrical circuits for enhancing inward EET, and (iii) constructing microbial (photo)electrosynthesis by cell-material hybridization; (4) perspectives on future challenges and opportunities for engineering EET to develop highly efficient BESs for sustainable energy and chemical production. We expect that this review will provide a theoretical basis for the future development of BESs in energy harvesting, CO2 fixation, and chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Dingyuan Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Qijing Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Hao Song
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Wang H, Mu W, Wang S, Shi L, Ma T, Lu Y. Facile synthesis of NS-doped carbon dots as sensitive "ON-OFF-ON" fluorescent sensor for Cu 2+ and GSH detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123460. [PMID: 37778177 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots (NS-CQDs) were successfully prepared by a dehydration exothermic carbonization method. The NS-CQDs exhibited uniform size distribution, splendid photostability, and bright fluorescence emission with a fluorescence quantum yield of 24.1 %. It was found that Cu2+ could quench the fluorescence at 467 nm based on the static quenching effect when Cu2+ was added to the NS-CQDs. At this time, the fluorescence sensor changed from the "ON" state to the "OFF" state. When glutathione (GSH) was further introduced into the NS-CQDs/Cu2+ system, the fluorescence intensity of NS-CQDs was amazingly restored through the coordination reaction between GSH and Cu2+. The fluorescence sensor changed from the "OFF" state to the "ON" state. Therefore, NS-CQDs as an "ON-OFF-ON" fluorescence sensor was designed for sequential detection of Cu2+ and GSH. Furthermore, this study successfully demonstrated the sensor's ability to selectively detect Cu2+ and GSH within a wide concentration range. Specifically, the detection range for Cu2+ was 0.1 μM-200.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.07 μM, while the range for GSH was 0.6 μM-180.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM. Most importantly, the NS-CQDs nanosensor could reliably monitor Cu2+ and GSH levels in human serum samples, with significant potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Modern Tibetan Medicine Creation Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, China; Phytochemistry Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau of Qinghai Province, China; College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, China.
| | - Wencheng Mu
- Modern Tibetan Medicine Creation Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, China; Phytochemistry Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau of Qinghai Province, China; College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Siying Wang
- 96602 Military Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Kunming 650000, PR China
| | - Lin Shi
- Modern Tibetan Medicine Creation Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, China; Phytochemistry Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau of Qinghai Province, China; College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Tianfeng Ma
- Modern Tibetan Medicine Creation Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, China; Phytochemistry Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau of Qinghai Province, China; College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Yongchang Lu
- Modern Tibetan Medicine Creation Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, China; Phytochemistry Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau of Qinghai Province, China; College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, China
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9
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Yang Y, Yan DX, Rong RX, Shi BY, Zhang M, Liu J, Xin J, Xu T, Ma WJ, Li XL, Wang KR. Nucleolus imaging based on naphthalimide derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2024; 142:106969. [PMID: 37988784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Nucleolus was an important cellular organelle. The abnormal morphology and number of the nucleolus have been considered as diagnostic biomarkers for some human diseases. However, the imaging agent based on nucleolus was limited. In this manuscript, a series of nucleolar fluorescent probes based on naphthalimide derivatives (NI-1 ∼ NI-5) had been designed and synthesized. NI-1 ∼ NI-5 could penetrate cell membranes and nuclear membranes, achieve clear nucleolar staining in living cells. These results suggested that the presence of amino groups on the side chains of naphthalimide backbone could enhance the targeting to the cell nucleolus. In addition, the molecular docking results showed that NI-1 ∼ NI-5 formed hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with RNA, and exhibited enhanced fluorescence upon binding with RNA. These results will provide favorable support for the diagnosis and treatment of nucleolus-related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Dong-Xiao Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Rui-Xue Rong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China.
| | - Bing-Ye Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Jie Xin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Wen-Jie Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Xiao-Liu Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China.
| | - Ke-Rang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China.
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Alafeef M, Srivastava I, Aditya T, Pan D. Carbon Dots: From Synthesis to Unraveling the Fluorescence Mechanism. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2303937. [PMID: 37715112 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) being a new type of carbon-based nanomaterial have attracted intensive interest from researchers owing to their excellent biophysical properties. CDs are a class of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials that have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional quantum dots and organic dyes in applications including bioimaging, sensing, and optoelectronics. CDs possess unique optical properties, such as tunable emission, facile synthesis, and low toxicity, making them attractive for many applications in biology, medicine, and environmental areas. The synthesis of CDs is achievable by a variety of methods, including bottom-up and top-down approaches, involving the use of different carbon sources and surface functionalization strategies. However, understanding the fluorescence mechanism of CDs remains a challenge. Various mechanistic models have been proposed to explain their origin of luminescence. This review summarizes the recent developments in the synthesis and functionalization of CDs and provides an overview of the current understanding of the fluorescence mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alafeef
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Indrajit Srivastava
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Teresa Aditya
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Bioengineering Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
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11
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Sun L, Xu Y, Han Y, Cui J, Jing Z, Li D, Liu J, Xiao C, Li D, Cai B. Collagen-Based Hydrogels for Cartilage Regeneration. Orthop Surg 2023; 15:3026-3045. [PMID: 37942509 PMCID: PMC10694028 DOI: 10.1111/os.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage regeneration remains difficult due to a lack of blood vessels. Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) causes cartilage defects, and the ECM provides the natural environment and nutrition for cartilage regeneration. Until now, collagen hydrogels are considered to be excellent material for cartilage regeneration due to the similar structure to ECM and good biocompatibility. However, collagen hydrogels also have several drawbacks, such as low mechanical strength, limited ability to induce stem cell differentiation, and rapid degradation. Thus, there is a demanding need to optimize collagen hydrogels for cartilage regeneration. In this review, we will first briefly introduce the structure of articular cartilage and cartilage defect classification and collagen, then provide an overview of the progress made in research on collagen hydrogels with chondrocytes or stem cells, comprehensively expound the research progress and clinical applications of collagen-based hydrogels that integrate inorganic or organic materials, and finally present challenges for further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Sun
- Division of Bone and Joint Surgery, Center of OrthopaedicsFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Bone and Joint Surgery, Center of OrthopaedicsFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yu Han
- Division of Bone and Joint Surgery, Center of OrthopaedicsFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, School and Hospital of StomatologyJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zheng Jing
- Division of Bone and Joint Surgery, Center of OrthopaedicsFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunPeople's Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Li
- Division of Bone and Joint Surgery, Center of OrthopaedicsFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Division of Bone and Joint Surgery, Center of OrthopaedicsFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunPeople's Republic of China
| | - Dongsong Li
- Division of Bone and Joint Surgery, Center of OrthopaedicsFirst Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunPeople's Republic of China
| | - Bo Cai
- Department of Ultrasound DiagnosisThe 964 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation ArmyChangchunPeople's Republic of China
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12
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Stuhrmann G, Schneider J, Schmidt K, Dehnen S. Selective and benign alkylation of sulfido-oxo stannate clusters with propyl, pentyl, or hexyl substituents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13171-13174. [PMID: 37850229 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03525e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogenido metalate compounds that are based on tetrahedral clusters have been extensively studied in recent years due to their rich structural chemistry and uncommon chemical and physical properties. Recently it was shown that partial butylation of the inorganic cluster core by ionothermal reactions allowed access to tetrahedral sulfido-oxo stannate clusters with reasonable solubility in conventional solvents at the retainment of their opto-electronic features. We have expanded this mild alkylation approach, and herein report success in receiving the first sulfido-oxo stannate clusters that are selectively propylated, pentylated, and hexylated. This was achieved in a unique way by preparing symmetrically 1,3-substituted imidazolium bromides in preparative scale and using them as both the reaction medium and alkylatoin reagent. We discuss the effect of the organic groups attached to the cluster and present in the counterions of the products on the compounds' structural and opto-electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Stuhrmann
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Jannik Schneider
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kilian Schmidt
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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13
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Wang X, Hu J, Wei H, Li Z, Liu J, Zhang J, Yang S. Ultra-fast solvent-free protocol remodels the large-scale synthesis of carbon dots for nucleolus-targeting and white light-emitting diodes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 649:785-794. [PMID: 37385043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) provides unprecedented opportunities for optical applications due its unique properties, but the energy-extensive consumption, high-risk factor and time-consuming synthesis procedure greatly hinders its industrialization process. Herein, we proposed an ultra-low energy consumption solvent-free synthetic strategy for fast preparing green/red fluorescence carbon dots (G-/R-CDs) using m-/o-phenylenediamine and primary amine hydrochloride. The involvement of primary amine hydrochloride can improve the formation rate of G-CDs/R-CDs through effectively absorbing microwave energy and providing acid react environment. The developed CDs exhibit good fluorescence efficiency, optical stability and membrane permeability for dexterous bioimaging in vivo. Based on inherently high nitrogen content, the G-CDs/R-CDs possess excellent nuclear/nucleolus targeting ability, and were successfully applied for screening cancer and normal cells. Furthermore, the G-CDs/R-CDs were further applied for fabricating high-safety and high-color rendering index white light-emitting diodes, providing a perfect candidate for indoor lighting. This study opens up new horizons for advancing practical applications of CDs in related fields of biology and optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Jinshuang Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Hua Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Zihan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Shenghong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China.
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14
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Meng X, Song Y, Jing Q, Zhao H. Self-Precipitation of Highly Purified Red Emitting Carbon Dots as Red Phosphors. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9176-9182. [PMID: 37797292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal carbon dots (C-dots) have attracted a great deal of attention for their unique optical properties. However, it is still a challenge to obtain highly purified C-dots without using multiple-step purification or postsize selection. In this work, a self-precipitation hydrothermal reaction was used to synthesize red-emitting C-dots (R-C-dots) using o-phenylenediamine (o-PDA) as a precursor without using any catalyst. The R-C-dots are able to precipitate on the wall of the reactor, which enables us to obtain solid-state C-dots with high purity. The R-C-dots have a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of as high as 36.75%, which is among the highest PLQY values reported previously for R-C-dots without using catalysts. The transient PL and transient absorption spectra revealed that 5,14-dihydroquinoxalino[2,3-b]phenazine linked on the surface of the C-dots determined the red luminescence behavior. This work provides a new path for the controllable synthesis of high-purity R-C-dots, showing potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyong Meng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Yang Song
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Jing
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Haiguang Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
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15
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Bao H, Liu Y, Li H, Qi W, Sun K. Luminescence of carbon quantum dots and their application in biochemistry. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20317. [PMID: 37790961 PMCID: PMC10543222 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene, carbon dots (CDs) are causing a lot of research work in their own right. CDs are a type of surface-passivated quantum dot that contain carbon atoms. Their distinctive characteristics, such as luminescent emission that varies with size and wavelength, resistance to photobleaching, easy biological binding, lack of toxicity, and economical production without the need for intricate synthetic processes, have led to a noteworthy surge in attention within the research community. Different techniques can be utilized to create these CDs, spanning from basic candle burning to laser ablation. This review article delves into the principles of fluorescence technology, providing insights into how different synthesis methods of quantum dots impact their luminescent properties. Additionally, it highlights the latest applications of quantum dots in catalysis and biomedical fields, with special emphasis on the current status of luminescent properties in biology and chemistry. Towards the end, the article discusses the limitations of quantum dots in current practical applications, pointing out that CDs hold promising potential for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yihao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyan Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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16
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Jiang L, Cai H, Qin W, Li Z, Zhang L, Bi H. Meticulously Designed Carbon Dots as Photo-Triggered RNA-Destroyer for Evoking Pyroptosis. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1387-1397. [PMID: 37534892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
An ideal photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy should not only possess high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency but also maximize utilization of the in situ produced ROS species, where the latter is closely related to its intracellular location. However, rational design of such photosensitizer without tedious conjugation procedures remains a grand challenge. Here, we report the one-pot preparation of carbon dots (CDs)-based photosensitizer from levofloxacin and neutral red featuring both high 1O2 quantum yield (φΔ = 38.85%) and superior RNA selectivity. Moreover, the φΔ value shows a further 40% improvement and reaches 54.33% in response to RNA binding. Owing to these combined attributes, the CDs could exert great damage to the cellular RNA system (termed the RNA-destroyer) under extremely low dosage of light irradiation (15 mW cm-2, 1 min). It induces pyroptotic cell death and causes rapid release of different cytokines that served as molecular markers in photodynamic immunotherapy. This work represents the meticulously designed CDs with high ROS generation and utilization efficiency via good organization of the photosensitive and targeting modularity. Moreover, it is the first CDs-based pyroptosis inducer to the best of our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Hao Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Weixia Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Huangshan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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17
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Caputo TM, Cusano AM, Principe S, Cicatiello P, Celetti G, Aliberti A, Micco A, Ruvo M, Tagliamonte M, Ragone C, Minopoli M, Carriero MV, Buonaguro L, Cusano A. Sorafenib-Loaded PLGA Carriers for Enhanced Drug Delivery and Cellular Uptake in Liver Cancer Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4121-4142. [PMID: 37525693 PMCID: PMC10387258 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s415968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Currently, conventional treatments of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not selective enough for tumor tissue and lead to multidrug resistance and drug toxicity. Although sorafenib (SOR) is the standard first-line systemic therapy approved for the clinical treatment of HCC, its poor aqueous solubility and rapid clearance result in low absorption efficiency and severely limit its use for local treatment. Methods Herein, we present the synthesis of biodegradable polymeric Poly (D, L-Lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) particles loaded with SOR (PS) by emulsion-solvent evaporation process. The particles are carefully characterized focusing on particle size, surface charge, morphology, drug loading content, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro stability, drug release behaviour and tested on HepG2 cells. Additionally, PLGA particles have been coupled on side emitting optical fibers (seOF) integrated in a microfluidic device for light-triggered local release. Results PS have a size of 248 nm, tunable surface charge and a uniform and spherical shape without aggregation. PS shows encapsulation efficiency of 89.7% and the highest drug loading (8.9%) between the SOR-loaded PLGA formulations. Treating HepG2 cells with PS containing SOR at 7.5 µM their viability is dampened to 40%, 30% and 17% after 48, 129 and 168 hours of incubation, respectively. Conclusion The high PS stability, their sustained release profile and the rapid cellular uptake corroborate the enhanced cytotoxicity effect on HepG2. With the prospect of developing biomedical tools to control the spatial and temporal release of drugs, we successfully demonstrated the potentiality of seOF for light-triggered local release of the carriers. Our prototypical system paves the way to new devices integrating microfluidics, optical fibers, and advanced carriers capable to deliver minimally invasive locoregional cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Mariastella Caputo
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Palazzo Dell’ Aquila Bosco Lucarelli, Benevento, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Cusano
- CeRICTscrl Regional Center Information Communication Technology, Palazzo Ex Poste, Benevento, Italy
| | - Sofia Principe
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Palazzo Dell’ Aquila Bosco Lucarelli, Benevento, Italy
| | - Paola Cicatiello
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Palazzo Dell’ Aquila Bosco Lucarelli, Benevento, Italy
| | - Giorgia Celetti
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Palazzo Dell’ Aquila Bosco Lucarelli, Benevento, Italy
| | - Anna Aliberti
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Palazzo Dell’ Aquila Bosco Lucarelli, Benevento, Italy
| | - Alberto Micco
- CeRICTscrl Regional Center Information Communication Technology, Palazzo Ex Poste, Benevento, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Tagliamonte
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - “Fond G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Ragone
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - “Fond G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Minopoli
- Neoplastic Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vincenza Carriero
- Neoplastic Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - “Fond G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Cusano
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Palazzo Dell’ Aquila Bosco Lucarelli, Benevento, Italy
- CeRICTscrl Regional Center Information Communication Technology, Palazzo Ex Poste, Benevento, Italy
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18
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Farahbakhsh Z, Zamani M, Nasirian V, Shariati L, Kermani S, Karizmeh MS, Rafienia M. An insight into fluorescence and magnetic resonance bioimaging using a multifunctional polyethyleneimine-passivated gadocarbon dots nanoconstruct assembled with AS1411. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:275. [PMID: 37358641 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
A nanoassembly of PEI-passivated Gd@CDs, a type of aptamer, is presented which was designed and characterized in order to target specific cancer cells based on their recognition of the receptor nucleolin (NCL), which is overexpressed on the cell membrane of breast cancer cells for fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging and treatment. Using hydrothermal methods, Gd-doped nanostructures were synthesized, then modified by a two-step chemical procedure for subsequent applications: the passivating of Gd@CDs with branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) (to form Gd@CDs-PEI1 and Gd@CDs-PEI2), and using AS1411 aptamer (AS) as a DNA-targeted molecule (to generate AS/Gd@CDs-PEI1 and AS/Gd@CDs-PEI2). Consequently, these nanoassemblies were constructed as a result of electrostatic interactions between cationic Gd@CDs-passivated PEI and AS aptamers, offering efficient multimodal targeting nanoassemblies for cancer cell detection. It has been demonstrated through in vitro studies that both types of AS-conjugated nanoassemblies are highly biocompatible, have high cellular uptake efficiency (equivalent concentration of AS: 0.25 μΜ), and enable targeted fluorescence imaging in nucleolin-positive MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells compared to MCF10-A normal cells. Importantly, the as-prepared Gd@CDs, Gd@CDs-PEI1, and Gd@CDs-PEI2 exhibit higher longitudinal relaxivity values (r1) compared with the commercial Gd-DTPA, equal to 5.212, 7.488, and 5.667 mM-1s-1, respectively. Accordingly, it is concluded that the prepared nanoassemblies have the potential to become excellent candidates for cancer targeting and fluorescence/MR imaging agents, which can be applied to cancer imaging and personalized nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Farahbakhsh
- Department of Biology, Nourdanesh Institute of Higher Education, Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Biosensor Research Center (BRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Zamani
- Department of Biology, Nourdanesh Institute of Higher Education, Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vahid Nasirian
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR, Iran
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeed Kermani
- Department of Bioelectric and Biomedical Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shie Karizmeh
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rafienia
- Biosensor Research Center (BRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Isfahan, Iran.
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19
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Bloom SMK, O’Hare N, Forbes NS. Bacterial delivery of therapeutic proteins to the nuclei of cancer cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:1437-1448. [PMID: 36710503 PMCID: PMC10101893 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Targeting nucleic targets with therapeutic proteins would enhance the treatment of hard-to-treat cancers. However, exogenous proteins are excluded from the nucleus by both the cellular and nuclear membranes. We have recently developed Salmonella that deliver active proteins into the cytoplasm of cancer cells. Here, we hypothesized that bacterially delivered proteins accumulate within nuclei, nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) increase delivery, and bacterially delivered proteins kill cancer cells. To test this hypothesis, we developed intranuclear delivering (IND) Salmonella and quantified the delivery of three model proteins. IND Salmonella delivered both ovalbumin and green fluorescent protein to nuclei of MCF7 cancer cells. The amount of protein in nuclei was linearly dependent on the amount delivered to the cytoplasm. The addition of a NLSs increased both the amount of protein in each nucleus and the number of nuclei that received protein. Delivery of Omomyc, a protein inhibitor of the nuclear transcript factor, Myc, altered cell physiology, and significantly induced cell death. These results show that IND Salmonella deliver functional proteins to the nucleus of cancerous cells. Extending this method to other transcription factors will increase the number of accessible targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas O’Hare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - Neil S. Forbes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
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20
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Chen P, He X, Hu Y, Tian XL, Yu XQ, Zhang J. Spleen-Targeted mRNA Delivery by Amphiphilic Carbon Dots for Tumor Immunotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19937-19950. [PMID: 37052212 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the application of mRNA vaccine-based tumor immunotherapy invigorated anti-tumor therapy. However, the low efficiency of mRNA delivery and the lack of targeting ability in vivo are the major obstacles to achieving highly efficient immunotherapy. In this work, we report a chemical library of amphiphilic carbon dots (ACDs) and the synthesized ACDs were applied to mRNA delivery, bio-imaging, and tumor immunotherapy. The ACDs can smoothly bind with mRNA to form ACDs@mRNA nanocomplexes, and the fluorescent properties of the ACDs afforded the nanoparticles with bio-imaging ability. By screening of the ACDs, O12-Tta-CDs were found to have optimal mRNA transfection efficiency and the ability of spleen-targeted delivery. In addition, O12-Tta-CDs can well transfect the immune cells and promote the maturation and antigen presentation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Furthermore, O12-Tta-CDs@OVA-mRNA was successfully applied to inhibit tumor growth, and more specific T-cell infiltration was observed in spleen and tumors of mice after treatment in the E.G7-OVA tumor model. Besides, O12-Tta-CDs@OVA-mRNA also achieved a good therapeutic effect in tumor recurrence inhibition and tumor prophylactic experiments. This study provided a new direction for the design of mRNA vectors, which is promising in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Tian
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, P. R. China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
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21
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Yang J, Yang Y, Su L, Tao X, Zhang J, Chen Y, Yang L. Diethylenetriamine-β-CD-modified carbon quantum dots for selective fluorescence sensing of Hg 2+ and Fe 3+ and cellular imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 291:122364. [PMID: 36652803 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diethylenetriamine-β-cyclodextrin-modified carbon quantum dots (3 N-CQDs) were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method using citric acid as the carbon source and diethylenetriamine-β-cyclodextrin (3 N-β-CD) as the nitrogen source. The successful preparation of 3 N-CQDs were revealed by infrared absorption spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, XRD, XPS, TEM, and TG. Further spectroscopic studies showed that the synthesized carbon quantum dots offered good anti-interference capability. The relative fluorescence quantum yield was 67.2 %. The limits of detection for Hg2+ and Fe3+ were 0.25 µM and 0.57 μM, respectively. Cytotoxicity and imaging studies showed that the prepared carbon quantum dots had low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility, and good cellular imaging capability for HeLa cells. They offered fluorescent sensing of Hg2+ and Fe3+ in live cells. Therefore, 3 N-CQDs were ideal fluorescent probes for the detection of Hg2+ and Fe3+ in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Supramolecular Chemistry at the University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yunhan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Supramolecular Chemistry at the University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Lijiao Su
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Supramolecular Chemistry at the University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Xin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Supramolecular Chemistry at the University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Juntong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Supramolecular Chemistry at the University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Supramolecular Chemistry at the University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Supramolecular Chemistry at the University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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22
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Lin L, Bao Z, Jiang P, Xu Z, Shi B, Xu G, Wang D, Wei X, Gu B. Superior biocompatible carbon dots for dynamic fluorescence imaging of nucleoli in living cells. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:2935-2949. [PMID: 36912088 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm02139k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The nucleolus is a newly developed and promising target for cancer diagnosis and therapy, and its imaging is extremely significant for fundamental research and clinical applications. The unique feature, i.e., high resolution at the subcellular level, makes the fluorescence imaging method a powerful tool for nucleolus imaging. However, the fluorescence imaging of nucleoli in living cells is restricted by the limited availability of fluorescent agents with specific nucleolus-targeting capability and superior biocompatibility. Here, promising carbon dots (CDs) with intrinsic nucleolus-targeting capability were synthesized, characterized and employed for dynamic fluorescence imaging of nucleoli in living cells. The CDs exhibit a high fluorescence quantum yield of 0.2, excellent specificity and photostability, and superior biocompatibility, which were systematically demonstrated at the gene, cellular and animal levels and confirmed by their biological effects on embryonic development. All these features enabled CDs to light up the nucleoli for a long time with a high signal-to-noise ratio in living cells and monitor the nucleolar dynamics of malignant cells in camptothecin (CPT) based chemotherapy. Their excellent optical and biological features as well as general nucleolus-targeting capability endow CDs with great potential for future translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Lin
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Zhouzhou Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Zhourui Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Bo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Biomedical Engineering Department and International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Bobo Gu
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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23
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Song J, Gao X, Yang M, Hao W, Ji DK. Recent Advances of Photoactive Near-Infrared Carbon Dots in Cancer Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030760. [PMID: 36986621 PMCID: PMC10051950 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment that employs exogenously produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill cancer cells. ROS are generated from the interaction of excited-state photosensitizers (PSs) or photosensitizing agents with molecular oxygen. Novel PSs with high ROS generation efficiency is essential and highly required for cancer photodynamic therapy. Carbon dots (CDs), the rising star of carbon-based nanomaterial family, have shown great potential in cancer PDT benefiting from their excellent photoactivity, luminescence properties, low price, and biocompatibility. In recent years, photoactive near-infrared CDs (PNCDs) have attracted increasing interest in this field due to their deep therapeutic tissue penetration, superior imaging performance, excellent photoactivity, and photostability. In this review, we review recent progress in the designs, fabrication, and applications of PNCDs in cancer PDT. We also provide insights of future directions in accelerating the clinical progress of PNCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Song
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaobo Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Weiju Hao
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Ding-Kun Ji
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Correspondence:
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24
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Zhang R, Hou Y, Sun L, Liu X, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Wang L, Li R, Wang C, Wu X, Li B. Recent advances in carbon dots: synthesis and applications in bone tissue engineering. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3106-3119. [PMID: 36723029 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05951g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE), based on the perfect combination of seed cells, scaffold materials and growth factors, has shown unparalleled potential in the treatment of bone defects and related diseases. As the site of cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation, scaffolds composed of biomaterials play a crucial role in BTE. Over the past years, carbon dots (CDs), a new type of carbon-based nanomaterial, have attracted extensive research attention due to their good biocompatibility, unique optical properties, and abundant functional groups. This paper reviews recent research progress in the use of CDs in the field of BTE. Firstly, different preparation methods of CDs are summarized. Then, the properties and categories of CDs applied in BTE are described in detail. Subsequently, the applications of CDs in BTE, including osteogenesis, fluorescence tracing, phototherapy and antibacterial activity, are presented. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of CDs in BTE are briefly discussed to give a comprehensive picture of CDs. This review provides a theoretical basis and advanced design strategies for the application of CDs in BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuxi Hou
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Lingxiang Sun
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Qingmei Zhang
- Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Research Institute of Photonics, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ran Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiuping Wu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
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25
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Marković ZM, Budimir MD, Danko M, Milivojević DD, Kubat P, Zmejkoski DZ, Pavlović VB, Mojsin MM, Stevanović MJ, Todorović Marković BM. Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:165-174. [PMID: 36761674 PMCID: PMC9907016 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots as a novel type of carbon nanomaterials have attracted the attention of many researchers because of their unique optical, antibacterial, and anticancer properties as well as their biocompatibility. In this study, for the first time, carbon quantum dots were prepared from o-phenylenediamine dissolved in toluene by a solvothermal route. Subsequently, the prepared carbon quantum dots were encapsulated into polyurethane films by a swelling-encapsulation-shrink method. Analyses of the results obtained by different characterization methods (AFM, TEM, EDS, FTIR, photoluminescence, and EPR) indicate the significant influence of the precursor on structural, chemical, and optical properties. Antibacterial and cytotoxicity tests showed that these dots did not have any antibacterial potential, because of the low extent of reactive oxygen species production, and showed low dark cytotoxicity. By investigating the cellular uptake, it was established that these dots penetrated the HeLa cells and could be used as probes for bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran M Marković
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences „Vinča“-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, P.O.B. 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica D Budimir
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences „Vinča“-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, P.O.B. 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martin Danko
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84 541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan D Milivojević
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences „Vinča“-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, P.O.B. 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavel Kubat
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23, Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Danica Z Zmejkoski
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences „Vinča“-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, P.O.B. 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir B Pavlović
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
| | - Marija M Mojsin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Milena J Stevanović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana M Todorović Marković
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences „Vinča“-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, P.O.B. 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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26
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Xu KF, Jia HR, Wang Z, Feng HH, Li LY, Zhang R, Durrani S, Lin F, Wu FG. See the Unseen: Red-Emissive Carbon Dots for Visualizing the Nucleolar Structures in Two Model Animals and In Vivo Drug Toxicity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2205890. [PMID: 36634974 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nucleolus, which participates in many crucial cellular activities, is an ideal target for evaluating the state of a cell or an organism. Here, bright red-emissive carbon dots (termed CPCDs) with excitation-independent/polarity-dependent fluorescence emission are synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal reaction between congo red and p-phenylenediamine. The CPCDs can achieve wash-free, real-time, long-term, and high-quality nucleolus imaging in live cells, as well as in vivo imaging of two common model animals-zebrafish and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Strikingly, CPCDs realize the nucleolus imaging of organs/flowing blood cells in zebrafish at a cellular level for the first time, and the superb nucleolus imaging of C. elegans suggests that the germ cells in the spermatheca probably have no intact nuclei. These previously unachieved imaging results of the cells/tissues/organs may guide the zebrafish-related studies and benefit the research of C. elegans development. More importantly, a novel strategy based on CPCDs for in vivo toxicity evaluation of materials/drugs (e.g., Ag+ ), which can visualize the otherwise unseen injuries in zebrafish, is developed. In conclusion, the CPCDs represent a robust tool for visualizing the structures and dynamic behaviors of live zebrafish and C. elegans, and may find important applications in cell biology and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Ran Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Heng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Rufeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Samran Durrani
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fengming Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
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27
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Durrani S, Yang Z, Zhang J, Wang Z, Wang H, Durrani F, Wu FG, Lin F. Nucleus-targeting pH-Responsive carbon dots for fast nucleus pH detection. Talanta 2023; 252:123855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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28
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Li XF, Lu P, Jia HR, Li G, Zhu B, Wang X, Wu FG. Emerging materials for hemostasis. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Aristova D, Selin R, Heil HS, Kosach V, Slominsky Y, Yarmoluk S, Pekhnyo V, Kovalska V, Henriques R, Mokhir A, Chernii S. Trimethine Cyanine Dyes as NA-Sensitive Probes for Visualization of Cell Compartments in Fluorescence Microscopy. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47734-47746. [PMID: 36591208 PMCID: PMC9798395 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We propose symmetrical cationic trimethine cyanine dyes with β-substituents in the polymethine chain based on modified benzothiazole and benzoxazole heterocycles as probes for the detection and visualization of live and fixed cells by fluorescence microscopy. The spectral-luminescent properties of trimethine cyanines have been characterized for free dyes and in the presence of nucleic acids (NA) and globular proteins. The studied cyanines are low to moderate fluorescent when free, but in the presence of NA, they show an increase in emission intensity up to 111 times; the most pronounced emission increase was observed for the dyes T-2 in the presence of dsDNA and T-1 with RNA. Spectral methods showed the binding of all dyes to nucleic acids, and different interaction mechanisms have been proposed. The ability to visualize cell components of the studied dyes has been evaluated using different human cell lines (MCF-7, A2780, HeLa, and Hs27). We have shown that all dyes are cell-permeant staining nucleus components, probably RNA-rich nucleoli with background fluorescence in the cytoplasm, except for the dye T-5. The dye T-5 selectively stains some structures in the cytoplasm of MCF-7 and A2780 cells associated with mitochondria or lysosomes. This effect has also been confirmed for the normal type of cell line-human foreskin fibroblasts (Hs27). The costaining of dye T-5 with MitoTracker CMXRos Red demonstrates specificity to mitochondria at a concentration of 0.1 μM. Colocalization analysis has shown signals overlapping of dye T-5 and MitoTracker CMXRos Red (Pearson's Coefficient value = 0.92 ± 0.04). The photostability study shows benzoxazole dyes to be up to ∼7 times more photostable than benzothiazole ones. Moreover, studied benzoxazoles are less cytotoxic at working concentrations than benzothiazoles (67% of cell viability for T-4, T-5 compared to 12% for T-1, and ∼30% for T-2, T-3 after 24 h). Therefore, the benzoxazole T-4 dye is proposed for nucleic acid detection in vitro and intracellular fluorescence imaging of live and fixed cells. In contrast, the benzoxazole dye T-5 is proposed as a good alternative to commercial dyes for mitochondria staining in the green-yellow region of the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Aristova
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Genetics NASU, 150 Zabolotnogo St., 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Instituto
Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Roman Selin
- V.I.
Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry NASU, 32/34 Palladin Ave, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Organic
Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University
of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hannah Sophie Heil
- Instituto
Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Viktoriia Kosach
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Genetics NASU, 150 Zabolotnogo St., 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy Slominsky
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry NASU, 5 Murmans’ka St., 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy Yarmoluk
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Genetics NASU, 150 Zabolotnogo St., 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Pekhnyo
- V.I.
Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry NASU, 32/34 Palladin Ave, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vladyslava Kovalska
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Genetics NASU, 150 Zabolotnogo St., 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ricardo Henriques
- Instituto
Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Organic
Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University
of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svitlana Chernii
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Genetics NASU, 150 Zabolotnogo St., 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
- V.I.
Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry NASU, 32/34 Palladin Ave, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
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30
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Bagheri B, Surwase SS, Lee SS, Park H, Faraji Rad Z, Trevaskis NL, Kim YC. Carbon-based nanostructures for cancer therapy and drug delivery applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9944-9967. [PMID: 36415922 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01741e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, design, characterization, and application of carbon-based nanostructures (CBNSs) as drug carriers have attracted a great deal of interest over the past half of the century because of their promising chemical, thermal, physical, optical, mechanical, and electrical properties and their structural diversity. CBNSs are well-known in drug delivery applications due to their unique features such as easy cellular uptake, high drug loading ability, and thermal ablation. CBNSs, including carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, nanodiamond, graphene, and carbon quantum dots have been quite broadly examined for drug delivery systems. This review not only summarizes the most recent studies on developing carbon-based nanostructures for drug delivery (e.g. delivery carrier, cancer therapy and bioimaging), but also tries to deal with the challenges and opportunities resulting from the expansion in use of these materials in the realm of drug delivery. This class of nanomaterials requires advanced techniques for synthesis and surface modifications, yet a lot of critical questions such as their toxicity, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and fate of CBNSs in biological systems must be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Bagheri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. .,School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD, 4300, Australia
| | - Sachin S Surwase
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Sam Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heewon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zahra Faraji Rad
- School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD, 4300, Australia
| | - Natalie L Trevaskis
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Yeu-Chun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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31
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The preparation, optical properties and applications of carbon dots derived from phenylenediamine. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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Mitochondrion, lysosome, and endoplasmic reticulum: Which is the best target for phototherapy? J Control Release 2022; 351:692-702. [PMID: 36150580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a robust cancer treatment modality, and the precise spatiotemporal control of its subcellular action site is crucial for its effectiveness. However, accurate comparison of the efficacy of different organelle-targeted PDT approaches is challenging since it is difficult to find a single system that can achieve separate targeting of different organelles with separable time windows and similar binding amounts. Herein, we conjugated chlorin e6 (Ce6) with 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-5000] (ammonium salt) (DSPE-PEG5000-NH2) to afford DSPE-PEG-Ce6, which could migrate from mitochondrion to lysosome and ultimately to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) after cellular internalization. Benefiting from the dynamic subcellular distribution of DSPE-PEG-Ce6 with tunable organelle-binding amounts, we accurately determined the PDT efficacy order of the molecule, i.e., mitochondrion > ER > lysosome. This work proposes an ideal model system for accurately evaluating the specific organelle-targeted PDT efficacy and may promote the future development of effective PDT strategies.
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Guan X, Wang B, Zhang Y, Qi G, Chen L, Jin Y. Monitoring Stress Response Difference in Nucleolus Morphology and ATP Content Changes during Hyperthermia Cell Apoptosis with Plasmonic Fluorescent Nanoprobes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13842-13851. [PMID: 36174112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nucleolus, as a main "cellular stress receptor", is the hub of the stress response driving cancer development and has great research value in the field of organelle-targeting photothermal therapy. However, there are few studies focused on monitoring nucleolar stress response and revealing how the energy metabolism of cells regulates the nucleolar stress response during photothermal therapy. Herein, by designing a nucleolus-targeting and ATP- and photothermal-responsive plasmonic fluorescent nanoprobe (AuNRs-CDs) based on gold nanorods (AuNRs) and fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CDs), we achieved real-time fluorescence imaging of nucleus morphology while monitoring changes of ATP content at the subcellular level. We found that the green fluorescence diminished at 5 min of photothermal therapy, and the nucleolus morphology began to shrink and became smaller in cancerous HepG2 cells. In contrast, there is no significant change of green fluorescence in the nucleolar region of normal HL-7702 cells. ATP content monitoring also showed similar results. Apparently, in response to photothermal stimuli, cancerous cells produce more ATP (energy) along with obvious change in nucleolus morphology and state compared to normal cells under the hyperthermia-induced cell apoptosis. The developed AuNRs-CDs as a nucleolus imaging nanoprobe and effective photothermal agent present promising applications for nucleolar stress studies and targeted photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin P.R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P.R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Limei Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin P.R. China
| | - Yongdong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, P.R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P.R. China
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Zheng S, Tian Y, Ouyang J, Shen Y, Wang X, Luan J. Carbon nanomaterials for drug delivery and tissue engineering. Front Chem 2022; 10:990362. [PMID: 36171994 PMCID: PMC9510755 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.990362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials are some of the state-of-the-art materials used in drug-delivery and tissue-engineering research. Compared with traditional materials, carbon nanomaterials have the advantages of large specific surface areas and unique properties and are more suitable for use in drug delivery and tissue engineering after modification. Their characteristics, such as high drug loading and tissue loading, good biocompatibility, good targeting and long duration of action, indicate their great development potential for biomedical applications. In this paper, the synthesis and application of carbon dots (CDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene in drug delivery and tissue engineering are reviewed in detail. In this review, we discuss the current research focus and existing problems of carbon nanomaterials in order to provide a reference for the safe and effective application of carbon nanomaterials in drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolie Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyu Wang, ; Jian Luan,
| | - Jian Luan
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyu Wang, ; Jian Luan,
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Singh S, Raina D, Rishipathak D, Babu KR, Khurana R, Gupta Y, Garg K, Rehan F, Gupta SM. Quantum dots in the biomedical world: A smart advanced nanocarrier for multiple venues application. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200299. [PMID: 36058643 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconducting nanoparticles having different optical and electrical properties when compared to larger particles. They exhibit photoluminescence when irradiated with ultraviolet light, which is due to the transition of an excited electron from the valence band to the conductance band followed by the return of the exciting electron back into the valence band. The size and material of QDs can affect their optical and other properties too. The QDs possess special attributes like high brightness, protection from photobleaching, photostability, color tunability, low toxicity, low production cost, a multiplexing limit, and a high surface-to-volume proportion, which make them a promising tool for biomedical applications. Here, in this study, we summarize the utilization of QDs in different applications including bioimaging, diagnostics, immunostaining, single-cell analysis, drug delivery, and protein detection. Moreover, we discuss the advantages and challenges of using QDs in biomedical applications when compared with other conventional tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepika Raina
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic era hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dinesh Rishipathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MET's Institute of Pharmacy, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kamesh R Babu
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Riya Khurana
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogesh Gupta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PDM University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India
| | - Kartik Garg
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PDM University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India
| | - Farah Rehan
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shraddha M Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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de Boëver R, Town JR, Li X, Claverie JP. Carbon Dots for Carbon Dummies: The Quantum and The Molecular Questions Among Some Others. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200748. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël de Boëver
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke Québec J1 K 2R1 Canada
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering and Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Jason R. Town
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke Québec J1 K 2R1 Canada
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering and Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Jerome P. Claverie
- Department of Chemistry Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke Québec J1 K 2R1 Canada
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Kong T, Liu T, Zhang Y, Wang M. Carbon dots with intrinsic theranostic properties for photodynamic therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:850-858. [PMID: 35856880 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221116855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are one of the carbon-based materials with remarkable optical properties, good water dispersibility and high biocompatibility. However, few studies have emphasized the intrinsic photodynamic and anticancer properties of CDs. Herein, we used CDs as photosensitizers to explore their photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. The obtained CDs had an effective cellular internalization capacity and possessed good biocompatibility in both CAL-27 and UM1 cells. After irradiation, the CDs showed obvious photodynamic effects on the test cells, which were confirmed by apoptosis analysis. In addition, the CDs exhibited excellent intracellular ROS generation under irradiation, and the subsequent induced cell death may be related to a lysosome-associated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Kong
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongjun Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Mingguo Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Biocompatible and optically stable hydrophobic fluorescent carbon dots for isolation and imaging of lipid rafts in model membrane. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6055-6067. [PMID: 35697813 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Lateral heterogeneity in cell membranes features a variety of compositions that influence their inherent properties. One such biophysical variation is the formation of a membrane or lipid raft, which plays important roles in many cellular processes. The lipid rafts on the cell membrane are mostly identified by specific dyes and heavy metal quantum dots, which have their own drawbacks, such as cytotoxicity, photostability, and incompatibility. To this end, we synthesized special, hydrophobic, fluorescent, photostable, and non-cytotoxic carbon dots (CDs) by solvent-free thermal treatment using non-cytotoxic materials and incorporated into the lipid bilayers of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) made from 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipids. A 2:2:1 mixture of DOPC, DPPC, and cholesterol (Chol) develops lipid rafts on the membrane by phase separation. The photophysical properties of the CDs get modulated on incorporation into the lipid rafts that identifies the membrane heterogeneity. The main attempt in this work is to develop a new, simple, cost-effective, and bio-friendly lipid raft marker, which can be used in biological applications, alongside other conventional raft markers, with more advantages.
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Huang C, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Li J, Qu L, Yang R, Li Z. Visual Monitoring of Nucleic Acid Dynamic Structures during Cellular Ferroptosis Using Rationally Designed Carbon Dots with Robust Anti-Interference Ability to Reactive Oxygen Species. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2703-2711. [PMID: 35648103 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis triggered by an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) has drawn widespread attention. Directly visualizing the dynamic structures of nucleic acids during the ferroptosis of cells is of great importance considering their vital roles in numerous biological functions. However, direct imaging remains challenging, largely due to the extremely high concentrations of ROS generated during ferroptosis, which can affect the imaging of nucleic acid targeted fluorescent probes. To overcome this challenge, nucleic acid-responsive carbon dots (CDs) providing favorable optical properties together with high chemical stability were synthesized. Furthermore, the CDs penetrated the cell membrane quickly and accumulated in the nuclei of cells. The robust anti-interference ability to ROS allows the CDs to visualize the dynamic structures of nucleic acids during ferroptosis. Moreover, the CDs were successfully employed in the imaging of nucleic acids during cell division. The nuclei-targeting CDs show great potential as a powerful tool for imaging nuclei in ferroptosis-related biological and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Huang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuanqiang Sun
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanmin Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ran Yang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Naik K, Chaudhary S, Ye L, Parmar AS. A Strategic Review on Carbon Quantum Dots for Cancer-Diagnostics and Treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:882100. [PMID: 35662840 PMCID: PMC9158127 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.882100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the genesis of life-threatening cancer and its invasion calls for urgent development of novel technologies for real-time observations, early diagnosis, and treatment. Quantum dots (QDs) grabbed the spotlight in oncology owing to their excellent photostability, bright fluorescence, high biocompatibility, good electrical and chemical stability with minimum invasiveness. Recently, carbon QDs (CQDs) have become popular over toxic inorganic QDs in the area of bioimaging, biosensing, and drug delivery. Further, CQDs derived from natural sources like biomolecules and medicinal plants have drawn attention because of their one-pot, low-cost and ease of synthesis, along with remarkable tunable optical properties and biocompatibility. This review introduces the synthesis and properties of CQDs derived from natural sources, focusing on the applicability of CQD-based technologies as nano-theranostics for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Furthermore, the current issues and future directions for the transformation of CQDs-based nanotechnologies to clinical applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Naik
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Shilpi Chaudhary
- Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to Be University), Chandigarh, India
- *Correspondence: Shilpi Chaudhary, ; Avanish Singh Parmar,
| | - Lei Ye
- Division of Pure & Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Avanish Singh Parmar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
- Center for Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
- *Correspondence: Shilpi Chaudhary, ; Avanish Singh Parmar,
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Du W, Zhang L, Li X, Ling G, Zhang P. Nuclear targeting Subcellular-delivery nanosystems for precise cancer treatment. Int J Pharm 2022; 619:121735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chen BB, Chang S, Jiang L, Lv J, Gao YT, Wang Y, Qian RC, Li DW, Hafez ME. Reversible polymerization of carbon dots based on dynamic covalent imine bond. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 621:464-469. [PMID: 35483178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as new type of carbon-based nanoparticles, are considered to be an aggregate with irreversible polymerization. Achieving the reversible tunability of CDs luminescence based on their reversible polymerization is a challenging subject. Herein, we, for the first time, design and construct the blue-emitting CDs with reversible polymerization by a room-temperature Schiff base reaction between tannic acid and ethylenediamine. The formation of CDs is proven to be due to the crosslinking polymerization of precursors caused by imine bond. As a dynamic covalent bond, imine bond endows CDs with controllable structural transformation properties, and the prepared CDs can be depolymerized and polymerized reversibly by pH-controlled imine bond cleavage and re-formation. These properties of reversible fluorescence photoswitching make the CDs have a good application prospect in reversible information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Shuai Chang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Ya-Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Ruo-Can Qian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Mahmoud Elsayed Hafez
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wu FG. Carbon Dots as Drug Delivery Vehicles for Antimicrobial Applications: A Minireview. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200003. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xi Wang
- Southeast University School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zihao Wang
- Southeast University School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering CHINA
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- Southeast University School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering 2 Sipailou Road 210096 Nanjing CHINA
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Zhang W, Ji Z, Zeng Z, Jayapalan A, Bagra B, Sheardy A, He P, LaJeunesse DR, Wei J. Dark-Field Microscopic Study of Cellular Uptake of Carbon Nanodots: Nuclear Penetrability. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082437. [PMID: 35458634 PMCID: PMC9032144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanodots are fascinating candidates for the field of biomedicine, in applications such as bioimaging and drug delivery. However, the nuclear penetrability and process are rarely studied and lack understanding, which limits their applications for drug carriers, single-molecule detection and live cell imaging. In this study, we attempt to examine the uptake of CNDs in cells with a focus on the potential nuclear penetrability using enhanced dark-field microscopy (EDFM) associated with hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to quantitatively determine the light scattering signals of CNDs in the cells. The effects of both CND incubation time and concentration are investigated, and plausible nuclear penetration involving the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is discussed. The experimental results and an analytical model demonstrate that the CNDs’ uptake proceeds by a concentration-dependent three-stage behavior and saturates at a CND incubation concentration larger than 750 µg/mL, with a half-saturated concentration of 479 μg/mL. These findings would potentially help the development of CNDs’ utilization in drug carriers, live cell imaging and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Zhang
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Zuowei Ji
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Anitha Jayapalan
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Bhawna Bagra
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Alex Sheardy
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Peng He
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Dennis R. LaJeunesse
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
| | - Jianjun Wei
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA; (W.Z.); (Z.J.); (Z.Z.); (A.J.); (B.B.); (A.S.); (D.R.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-285-2859
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Xue Y, Liu C, Andrews G, Wang J, Ge Y. Recent advances in carbon quantum dots for virus detection, as well as inhibition and treatment of viral infection. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:15. [PMID: 35366117 PMCID: PMC8976173 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), as a novel class of carbon-based nanomaterials, have received increasing attention due to their distinct properties. CQDs are ultimately small nanoparticles with an average size below 10 nm, possessing high water solubility, alluring photoluminescence, photostability, excellent biocompatibility, low/none toxicity, environmental friendliness, and high sustainability, etc. In history, there are intermittent threats from viruses to humans, animals and plants worldwide, resulting in enormous crises and impacts on our life, environment, economy and society. Some recent studies have unveiled that certain types of CQDs exhibited high and potent antiviral activities against various viruses such as human coronavirus, arterivirus, norovirus and herpesvirus. Moreover, they have been successfully explored and developed for different virus detections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This article exclusively overviews and discusses the recent progress of designing, synthesizing, modifying/functionalizing and developing CQDs towards effective virus detection as well as the inhibition and treatment of viral infection. Their mechanisms and applications against various pathogenic viruses are addressed. The latest outcomes for combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) utilizing CQDs are also highlighted. It can be envisaged that CQDs could further benefit the development of virus detectors and antiviral agents with added broad-spectrum activity and cost-effective production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Xue
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3HL, UK
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproductive, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gavin Andrews
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jinyan Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yi Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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Truskewycz A, Yin H, Halberg N, Lai DTH, Ball AS, Truong VK, Rybicka AM, Cole I. Carbon Dot Therapeutic Platforms: Administration, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, Toxicity, and Therapeutic Potential. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106342. [PMID: 35088534 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasmall nanoparticles are often grouped under the broad umbrella term of "nanoparticles" when reported in the literature. However, for biomedical applications, their small sizes give them intimate interactions with biological species and endow them with unique functional physiochemical properties. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are an emerging class of ultrasmall nanoparticles which have demonstrated considerable biocompatibility and have been employed as potent theragnostic platforms. These particles find application for increasing drug solubility and targeting, along with facilitating the passage of drugs across impermeable membranes (i.e., blood brain barrier). Further functionality can be triggered by various environmental conditions or external stimuli (i.e., pH, temperature, near Infrared (NIR) light, ultrasound), and their intrinsic fluorescence is valuable for diagnostic applications. The focus of this review is to shed light on the therapeutic potential of CQDs and identify how they travel through the body, reach their site of action, administer therapeutic effect, and are excreted. Investigation into their toxicity and compatibility with larger nanoparticle carriers is also examined. The future of CQDs for theragnostic applications is promising due to their multifunctional attributes and documented biocompatibility. As nanomaterial platforms become more commonplace in clinical treatments, the commercialization of CQD therapeutics is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Truskewycz
- School of Engineering, Advanced Manufacturing and Fabrication, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Hong Yin
- School of Engineering, Advanced Manufacturing and Fabrication, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Nils Halberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Daniel T H Lai
- Institute of Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3011, Australia
| | - Andrew S Ball
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- School of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Agata Marta Rybicka
- Oncovet Clinical Research, Parc Eurasante, 80 Rue du Dr Alexandre Yersin, Loos, F-59120, France
| | - Ivan Cole
- School of Engineering, Advanced Manufacturing and Fabrication, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
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47
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Small nanoparticles bring big prospect: The synthesis, modification, photoluminescence and sensing applications of carbon dots. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Xu J, Liang Q, Li Z, Osipov VY, Lin Y, Ge B, Xu Q, Zhu J, Bi H. Rational Synthesis of Solid-State Ultraviolet B Emitting Carbon Dots via Acetic Acid-Promoted Fractions of sp 3 Bonding Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200011. [PMID: 35246877 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have received tremendous attention for their excellent photoluminescence (PL) properties. However, it remains a great challenge to obtain CDs with ultraviolet (UV, 200-400 nm) emission in solid state, which requires strict control of the CDs structure and overcoming the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ). Herein, a new sp3 compartmentalization strategy is developed to meet these requirements, by employing acetic acid to promote fractions of sp3 bonding during the synthesis of CDs. It markedly decreases the size of sp2 conjugating units in the CDs, and shifts PL emission to the ultraviolet B (UVB) region (λmax = 308 nm). Moreover, sp2 domains are well spatially compartmentalized by sp3 domains and the ACQ effect is minimized, enabling the high quantum yield in solid state (20.2%, λex = 265 nm) with a narrow bandwidth of 24 nm and environmental robustness. The solid-state UVB emissive CDs are highly desired for application in photonic devices. Hence, a demo of UVB light-emitting diodes is fabricated for plant lighting, leading to a 29% increase of ascorbic acid content in the basil. Overall, a rational and efficient way to construct solid UVB-CDs phosphors for wide applications is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Qingjing Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | | | - Yangjian Lin
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Binghui Ge
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 42 South Hezuohua Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 42 South Hezuohua Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
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Absalan F, Seyed Sadjadi M, Farhadyar N, Hossaini Sadr M. Bone Tissue Engineering of HA/COL/GO Porous Nanocomposites with the Ability to Release Naproxen: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Study. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Wang Y, Yao J, Cao Z, Fu P, Deng C, Yan S, Shi S, Zheng J. Peroxidase‐Mimetic Copper‐Doped Carbon‐Dots for Oxidative Stress‐Mediated Broad‐Spectrum and Efficient Antibacterial Activity. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104174. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Jiechen Yao
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Zhanglei Cao
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Pan Fu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Chen Deng
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Shifeng Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Shuai Shi
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325035 P. R. China
| | - Jianping Zheng
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
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