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Avinashi SK, Mishra RK, Singh R, Shweta, Rakhi, Fatima Z, Gautam CR. Fabrication Methods, Structural, Surface Morphology and Biomedical Applications of MXene: A Review. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:47003-47049. [PMID: 39189322 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Recently, two-dimensional (2-D) layered materials have revealed outstanding properties and play a crucial role for numerous advanced applications. The emerging transition metal carbides and nitrides, known as MXene with empirical formula Mn+1XnTx, have generated widespread attention and demonstrated impressive potential in various fields. The fabrication of 2-D novel MXene and its composites and their characterizations are applicable to vast applications in different areas such as energy storage, gas sensors, catalysis, and biomedical applications. In this review, the main focus is on the various synthesis methods, their properties, and biomedical applications. This review provides detailed illustrations of MXenes for many biomedical applications, including bioimaging, drug delivery, therapies, biosensors, tissue engineering, and antibacterial reagents. The challenges and future prospects were highlighted in a comprehensive manner, and the existing problems and potential for MXene-based biomaterials were analyzed with the goal of accelerating their use in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Kumar Avinashi
- Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramic Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Rajat Kumar Mishra
- Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramic Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramic Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Shweta
- Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramic Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Rakhi
- Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramic Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Zaireen Fatima
- Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramic Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Chandki Ram Gautam
- Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramic Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
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Khan K, Tareen AK, Ahmad W, Hussain I, Chaudhry MU, Mahmood A, Khan MF, Zhang H, Xie Z. Recent Advances in Non-Ti MXenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Novel Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2303998. [PMID: 38894594 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
One of the most fascinating 2D nanomaterials (NMs) ever found is various members of MXene family. Among them, the titanium-based MXenes, with more than 70% of publication-related investigations, are comparatively well studied, producing fundamental foundation for the 2D MXene family members with flexible properties, familiar with a variety of advanced novel technological applications. Nonetheless, there are still more candidates among transitional metals (TMs) that can function as MXene NMs in ways that go well beyond those that are now recognized. Systematized details of the preparations, characteristics, limitations, significant discoveries, and uses of the novel M-based MXenes (M-MXenes), where M stands for non-Ti TMs (M = Sc, V, Cr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W, and Lu), are given. The exceptional qualities of the 2D non-Ti MXene outperform standard Ti-MXene in several applications. There is many advancement in top-down as well as bottom-up production of MXenes family members, which allows for exact control of the M-characteristics MXene NMs to contain cutting-edge applications. This study offers a systematic evaluation of existing research, covering everything in producing complex M-MXenes from primary limitations to the characterization and selection of their applications in accordance with their novel features. The development of double metal combinations, extension of additional metal candidates beyond group-(III-VI)B family, and subsequent development of the 2D TM carbide/TMs nitride/TM carbonitrides to 2D metal boride family are also included in this overview. The possibilities and further recommendations for the way of non-Ti MXene NMs are in the synthesis of NMs will discuss in detail in this critical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Khan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
- Shenzhen Nuoan Environmental and Safety Inc., Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Additive Manufacturing Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ayesha Khan Tareen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mujeeb U Chaudhry
- Department of Engineering, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, South Rd, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Asif Mahmood
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Muhammad Farooq Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, P. R. China
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3
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Downes M, Shuck CE, McBride B, Busa J, Gogotsi Y. Comprehensive synthesis of Ti 3C 2T x from MAX phase to MXene. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:1807-1834. [PMID: 38504139 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
MXenes are a large family of two-dimensional materials that have attracted attention across many fields due to their desirable optoelectronic, biological, mechanical and chemical properties. There currently exist many synthesis procedures that lead to differences in flake size, defects and surface chemistry, which in turn affect their properties. Herein, we describe the steps to synthesize Ti3C2Tx-the most important and widely used MXene, from a Ti3AlC2 MAX phase precursor. The procedure contains three main sections: synthesis of Ti3AlC2 MAX, wet chemical etching of the MAX in hydrofluoric acid/HCl solution to yield multilayer Ti3C2Tx and its delamination into single-layer flakes. Three delamination options are described; these use LiCl, tertiary amines (tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide/ tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide) and dimethylsulfoxide respectively. These procedures can be adapted for the synthesis of MXenes beyond Ti3C2Tx. The MAX phase synthesis takes about 1 week, with the etching and delamination each requiring 2 d. This protocol requires users to have experience working with hydrofluoric acid, and it is recommended that users have experience with wet chemistry and centrifugation; characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction and particle size analysis are also essential for the success of the protocol. While alternative synthesis methods, such as minimally intensive layer delamination, are desirable for certain MXenes (such as Ti2CTx) or specific applications, this protocol aims to standardize the more commonly used hydrofluoric acid/HCl etching method, which produces Ti3C2Tx with minimal concentration of defects and the highest conductivity and serves as a guideline for those working with MXenes for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marley Downes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher E Shuck
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Bernard McBride
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Busa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Parajuli D. MXenes-polymer nanocomposites for biomedical applications: fundamentals and future perspectives. Front Chem 2024; 12:1400375. [PMID: 38863676 PMCID: PMC11165207 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1400375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The article discusses the promising synergy between MXenes and polymers in developing advanced nanocomposites with diverse applications in biomedicine domains. MXenes, possessing exceptional properties, are integrated into polymer matrices through various synthesis and fabrication methods. These nanocomposites find applications in drug delivery, imaging, diagnostics, and environmental remediation. They offer improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects in drug delivery, enhanced sensitivity and specificity in imaging and diagnostics, and effectiveness in water purification and pollutant removal. The perspective also addresses challenges like biocompatibility and toxicity, while suggesting future research directions. In totality, it highlights the transformative potential of MXenes-polymer nanocomposites in addressing critical issues across various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Parajuli
- Research Center for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
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5
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Adomaviciute-Grabusove S, Popov A, Ramanavicius S, Sablinskas V, Shevchuk K, Gogotsi O, Baginskiy I, Gogotsi Y, Ramanavicius A. Monitoring Ti 3C 2T x MXene Degradation Pathways Using Raman Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13184-13195. [PMID: 38710100 PMCID: PMC11112979 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Extending applications of Ti3C2Tx MXene in nanocomposites and across fields of electronics, energy storage, energy conversion, and sensor technologies necessitates simple and efficient analytical methods. Raman spectroscopy is a critical tool for assessing MXene composites; however, high laser powers and temperatures can lead to the materials' deterioration during the analysis. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of MXene photothermal degradation and changes in its oxidation state is required, but no systematic studies have been reported. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the degradation of the MXene lattice through Raman spectroscopic analysis. Distinct spectral markers were related to structural alterations within the Ti3C2Tx material after subjecting it to thermal- and laser-induced degradation. During the degradation processes, spectral markers were revealed for several specific steps: a decrease in the number of interlayer water molecules, a decrease in the number of -OH groups, formation of C-C bonds, oxidation of the lattice, and formation of TiO2 nanoparticles (first anatase, followed by rutile). By tracking of position shifts and intensity changes for Ti3C2Tx, the spectral markers that signify the initiation of each step were found. This spectroscopic approach enhances our understanding of the degradation pathways of MXene, and facilitating enhanced and dependable integration of these materials into devices for diverse applications, from energy storage to sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton Popov
- NanoTechnas—Center
of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty
of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko St. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Simonas Ramanavicius
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Centre for Physical
Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Valdas Sablinskas
- Institute
of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kateryna Shevchuk
- A.J.
Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Materials Science & Engineering
Department, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Oleksiy Gogotsi
- Materials
Research Center, Ltd., Krzhyzhanovskogo Str. 3, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ivan Baginskiy
- Materials
Research Center, Ltd., Krzhyzhanovskogo Str. 3, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A.J.
Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Materials Science & Engineering
Department, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry
and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko St. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department
of Nanotechnology, Centre for Physical Sciences
and Technology, Sauletekio
Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Repon MR, Mikučionienė D, Paul TK, Al-Humaidi JY, Rahman MM, Islam T, Shukhratov S. Architectural design and affecting factors of MXene-based textronics for real-world application. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16093-16116. [PMID: 38769956 PMCID: PMC11103351 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01820f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, textile-based wearable electronic devices (textronics) have been developed by taking advantage of nanotechnology and textile substrates. Textile substrates offer flexibility, air permeability, breathability, and wearability, whereas, using nanomaterials offers numerous functional properties, like electrical conductivity, hydrophobicity, touch sensitivity, self-healing properties, joule heating properties, and many more. For these reasons, textronics have been extensively used in many applications. Recently, new emerging two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbide and nitride, known as MXene, nanomaterials have been highly considered for developing textronics because the surface functional groups and hydrophilicity of MXene nanoflakes allow the facile fabrication of MXene-based textronics. In addition, MXene nanosheets possess excellent electroconductivity and mechanical properties as well as large surface area, which also give numerous opportunities to develop novel functional MXene/textile-based wearable electronic devices. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent advancements in the architectural design of MXene-based textronics, like fiber, yarn, and fabric. Regarding the fabrication of MXene/textile composites, numerous factors affect the functional properties (e.g. fabric structure, MXene size, etc.). All the crucial affecting parameters, which should be chosen carefully during the fabrication process, are critically discussed here. Next, the recent applications of MXene-based textronics in supercapacitors, thermotherapy, and sensors are elaborately delineated. Finally, the existing challenges and future scopes associated with the development of MXene-based textronics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Reazuddin Repon
- Department of Textile Engineering, Daffodil International University Dhaka-1216 Bangladesh +88-37066227098
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University 02150 Espoo Finland
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology Studentų 56, LT-51424 Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Daiva Mikučionienė
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology Studentų 56, LT-51424 Kaunas Lithuania
| | | | - Jehan Y Al-Humaidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) & Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarekul Islam
- ZR Research Institute for Advanced Materials Sherpur-2100 Bangladesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharof Shukhratov
- Department of Technological Education, Fergana State University Fergana 150100 Uzbekistan
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Chen C, Wang B, Xu J, Fei L, Raza S, Li B, Zeng Q, Shen L, Lin H. Recent Advancement in Emerging MXene-Based Photocatalytic Membrane for Revolutionizing Wastewater Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311427. [PMID: 38733219 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
MXene-based photocatalytic membranes provide significant benefits for wastewater treatment by effectively combining membrane separation and photocatalytic degradation processes. MXene represents a pioneering 2D photocatalyst with a variable elemental composition, substantial surface area, abundant surface terminations, and exceptional photoelectric performance, offering significant advantages in producing high-performance photocatalytic membranes. In this review, an in-depth overview of the latest scientific progress in MXene-based photocatalytic membranes is provided. Initially, a brief introduction to the structure and photocatalytic capabilities of MXene is provided, highlighting their pivotal role in promoting the photocatalytic process. Subsequently, in pursuit of the optimal MXene-based photocatalytic membrane, critical factors such as the morphology, hydrophilicity, and stability of MXenes are meticulously taken into account. Various preparation strategies for MXene-based photocatalytic membranes, including blending, vacuum filtration, and dip coating, are also discussed. Furthermore, the application and mechanism of MXene-based photocatalytic membranes in micropollutant removal, oil-water separation, and antibacterial are examined. Lastly, the challenges in the development and practical application of MXene-based photocatalytic membranes, as well as their future research direction are delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Boya Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jiujing Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Lingya Fei
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Saleem Raza
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Bisheng Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Qianqian Zeng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
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8
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Liu C, Wu P. A durable hydrophobic photothermal membrane based on a honeycomb structure MXene for stable and efficient solar desalination. RSC Adv 2024; 14:10370-10377. [PMID: 38567343 PMCID: PMC10985539 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08157e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Solar powered water evaporation is a green and environmentally friendly water treatment technology, which is a hot research topic for water purification at present. Advanced structural design and hydrophilic photothermal materials have achieved efficient solar evaporation of pure water, but the long-term stability of high salinity desalination has become a problem that cannot be ignored in practical applications. In order to solve this problem, a hydrophobic honeycomb structure MXene/AuNFs composite membrane was proposed in this paper, which used the three-dimensional highly porous microstructure of MXene and multibranched structure of gold nanoflowers particles to improve the light absorption and photothermal conversion efficiency of MXene/AuNFs. At the same time, the surface of the composite membrane was modified with hydrophobic fluorosilane 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFTE). The hydrophobic layer can prevent the accumulation of salt particles on the surface of the membrane, so that the composite film can continue to produce water vapor in a high salt environment. With high utilization rate of light energy, multiple-level geometrical structures of MXene for rapid water transport on the filter membrane and salt barrier on the membrane good stability, the hydrophobic MXene/AuNFs achieves solar evaporation rate of 1.59 kg m-2 h-1 and solar conversion efficiency is 97.8%, and stable operation under simulated sea water conditions under one sun irradiation over more than 10 cycles. The hydrophobic MXene/AuNFs membrane proved to be an efficient and stable photothermal material for solar desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiao Liu
- Xinyang Vocational and Technical College Xinyang Henan 464000 China
| | - Peng Wu
- Xinyang Vocational and Technical College Xinyang Henan 464000 China
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9
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Kawai K, Ando Y, Okubo M. Machine Learning-Assisted Survey on Charge Storage of MXenes in Aqueous Electrolytes. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400062. [PMID: 38530036 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Pseudocapacitance is capable of both high power and energy densities owing to its fast chemical adsorption with substantial charge transfer. 2D transition-metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) are an emerging class of pseudocapacitive electrode materials. However, the factors that dominate the physical and chemical properties of MXenes are intercorrelated with each other, giving rise to challenges in the quantitative assessment of their discriminating importance. In this perspective, literature data on the specific capacitance of MXene electrodes in aqueous electrolytes is comprehensively surveyed and analyzed using machine-learning techniques. The specific capacitance of MXene electrodes shows strong dependency on their interlayer spacing, where confined H2O in the interlayer space should play a key role in the charge storage mechanism. The electrochemical behavior of MXene electrodes is overviewed based on atomistic insights obtained from data-driven approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kawai
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Ando
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Masashi Okubo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
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Noriega N, Shekhirev M, Shuck CE, Salvage J, VahidMohammadi A, Dymond MK, Lacey J, Sandeman S, Gogotsi Y, Patel BA. Pristine Ti 3C 2T x MXene Enables Flexible and Transparent Electrochemical Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6569-6578. [PMID: 38261552 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In the era of the internet of things, there exists a pressing need for technologies that meet the stringent demands of wearable, self-powered, and seamlessly integrated devices. Current approaches to developing MXene-based electrochemical sensors involve either rigid or opaque components, limiting their use in niche applications. This study investigates the potential of pristine Ti3C2Tx electrodes for flexible and transparent electrochemical sensing, achieved through an exploration of how material characteristics (flake size, flake orientation, film geometry, and uniformity) impact the electrochemical activity of the outer sphere redox probe ruthenium hexamine using cyclic voltammetry. The optimized electrode made of stacked large Ti3C2Tx flakes demonstrated excellent reproducibility and resistance to bending conditions, suggesting their use for reliable, robust, and flexible sensors. Reducing electrode thickness resulted in an amplified faradaic-to-capacitance signal, which is advantageous for this application. This led to the deposition of transparent thin Ti3C2Tx films, which maintained their best performance up to 73% transparency. These findings underscore its promise for high-performance, tailored sensors, marking a significant stride in advancing MXene utilization in next-generation electrochemical sensing technologies. The results encourage the analytical electrochemistry field to take advantage of the unique properties that pristine Ti3C2Tx electrodes can provide in sensing through more parametric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Noriega
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mikhail Shekhirev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher E Shuck
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jonathan Salvage
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K
| | - Armin VahidMohammadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Marcus K Dymond
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K
| | - Joseph Lacey
- Rayner Intraocular Lenses Limited, The Ridley Innovation Centre, Worthing BN14 8AQ, U.K
| | - Susan Sandeman
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Bhavik Anil Patel
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K
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11
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Huang H, Yang W. MXene-Based Micro-Supercapacitors: Ink Rheology, Microelectrode Design and Integrated System. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38307615 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
MXenes have shown great potential for micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) due to the high metallic conductivity, tunable interlayer spacing and intercalation pseudocapacitance. In particular, the negative surface charge and high hydrophilicity of MXenes make them suitable for various solution processing strategies. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review of solution processing of MXene MSCs has not been conducted. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art of MXene MSCs in terms of ink rheology, microelectrode design and integrated system. The ink formulation and rheological behavior of MXenes for different solution processing strategies, which are essential for high quality printed/coated films, are presented. The effects of MXene and its compounds, 3D electrode structure, and asymmetric design on the electrochemical properties of MXene MSCs are discussed in detail. Equally important, we summarize the integrated system and intelligent applications of MXene MSCs and present the current challenges and prospects for the development of high-performance MXene MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Huang
- Research Institute of Frontier Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Research Institute of Frontier Science, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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12
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Wang S, Ding Z, Wang S, Hu B, Wu E, Xia C, Chen M. Approaching Effective Differential Centrifugal Fractionation by Combining Image Analysis with Analytical Ultracentrifugation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2191-2197. [PMID: 38234120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Centrifugation is one of the most commonly used methods for separation in biology and chemistry. However, effective fractionation is not always easy to obtain, as preparative centrifuge experiments are mostly conducted in an empirical way, even when it is guided by the quantitative results from analytical ultracentrifuge (AUC). Very few works have been performed to enhance the fractionation resolution of the differential centrifugation method in a swing-out rotor. This is primarily due to the absence of a characterization tool for sedimentation in the preparative centrifuge. In this study, we utilized image analysis to map the particle concentration distribution throughout the preparative centrifuge tube, revealing an unexpected and abnormal sedimentation process. By characterizing the sedimentation coefficient distributions of the fractionated product via AUC, we demonstrated that the overall sedimentation efficiency in a swing-out preparative centrifuge was significantly reduced. Furthermore, effective fractionation was confined to the intermediate phase of the entire sedimentation process. We propose that the mechanism here is a combination of the inverse Boycott effect and droplet sedimentation. The actual sedimentation process within a preparative centrifuge can be described by modifying the Lamm equation phenomenologically, which simply results in an effective sedimentation coefficient. Our work builds a foundation for determining the optimal preparative centrifugation conditions for various systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaike Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shaoyan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Bingwen Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, China
| | - E Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Chengjie Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Mengdi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, China
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13
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Woods MB, Beidaghi M, Davis VA. Phase Behavior and Rheological Properties of Size-Fractionated MXene (Ti 3C 2T x) Dispersions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38286809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the dispersion behavior of MXenes is interesting from a fundamental colloid science perspective and critical to enabling the fluid-phase manufacturing of MXene devices with controlled microstructures and properties. However, the polydispersity, irregular shape, and charged surfaces of MXenes result in a complex phase behavior that is difficult to predict through theoretical calculations. As two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, MXenes can form lyotropic liquid crystal phases, gels, and aggregates. This work aims to elucidate the effects of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) sheet size on their phase behavior and associated rheological properties. Aqueous dispersions of large sheets with an average lateral dimension of 3.0 μm, small sheets with an average lateral dimension of 0.3 μm, and a bimodal mixture of the two sizes were investigated by using cross-polarized optical microscopy and rheology. At low concentrations, the large MXene dispersions exhibited lyotropic liquid crystal behavior and extended aligned textures, but increasing concentration resulted in the formation of dense flocs. Dispersions of small sheets formed small birefringent domains with increasing concentration but lacked long-range ordering. A bimodal mixture of these sizes enabled the formation of liquid crystalline phases with extended aligned textures with less floc formation. These results provide insights into using polydispersity to tune dispersion microstructure and rheological properties that can be applied to designing dispersions for fluid-phase manufacturing methods, such as direct ink writing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie B Woods
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Majid Beidaghi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Virginia A Davis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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14
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Sergiienko SA, Lajaunie L, Rodríguez-Castellón E, Constantinescu G, Lopes DV, Shcherban ND, Calvino JJ, Labrincha JA, Sofer Z, Kovalevsky AV. Composite MAX phase/MXene/Ni electrodes with a porous 3D structure for hydrogen evolution and energy storage application. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3052-3069. [PMID: 38239441 PMCID: PMC10795003 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
MXenes, a family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, have been discovered as exciting candidates for various energy storage and conversion applications, including green hydrogen production by water splitting. Today, these materials mostly remain interesting objects for in-depth fundamental studies and scientific curiosity due to issues related to their preparation and environmental stability, limiting potential industrial applications. This work proposes a simple and inexpensive concept of composite electrodes composed of molybdenum- and titanium-containing MAX phases and MXene as functional materials. The concept is based on the modification of the initial MAX phase by the addition of metallic Ni, tuning Al- and carbon content and synthesis conditions, followed by fluoride-free etching under alkaline conditions. The proposed methodology allows producing a composite electrode with a well-developed 3D porous MAX phase-based structure acting as a support for electrocatalytic species, including MXene, and possessing good mechanical integrity. Electrochemical tests have shown a high electrochemical activity of such electrodes towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), combined with a relatively high areal capacitance (up to 10 F cm-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii A Sergiienko
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Luc Lajaunie
- Departamento de Ciencia de Los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz Campus Río San Pedro S/N, Puerto Real 11510 Cádiz Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Microscopía Electrónica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz Campus Río San Pedro S/N, Puerto Real 11510 Cádiz Spain
| | | | - Gabriel Constantinescu
- Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Daniela V Lopes
- Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Nataliya D Shcherban
- L. V. Pisarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine 31 Nauki Ave. Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
| | - José J Calvino
- Departamento de Ciencia de Los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz Campus Río San Pedro S/N, Puerto Real 11510 Cádiz Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Microscopía Electrónica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz Campus Río San Pedro S/N, Puerto Real 11510 Cádiz Spain
| | - João A Labrincha
- Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Andrei V Kovalevsky
- Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
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15
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Karamat S, Kashif M, Anwar S, Batool U, Talha M, Khalique U, Rahman MM. Unveiling the Latest Advancements in Vanadium Carbide MXene based Supercapacitors and their Future Trends. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300919. [PMID: 38100202 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Vanadium-carbide-based MXenes have bewitched the scientific community due to their distinctive characteristics, which make them potential candidates for several technological applications, such as supercapacitors (SCs), batteries, gas separation, biological sensors, and desalination. This article provides an overview of recent developments in the synthesis and applications of vanadium-carbide MXene in SCs. Vanadium carbide is one of the most difficult MXenes to synthesize, and various synthesis techniques, including electrochemical exfoliation and chemical etching, have been utilized to fabricate this material. Additionally, the review article also emphasizes the potential use of vanadium carbide MXene as SCs. Finally, the paper concludes with the challenges faced in the synthesis process and the prospects of vanadium carbide MXene-based material fabrication. Overall, this review article provides in-depth and detailed information on recent research on vanadium carbide MXene and its possible uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karamat
- Electrochemical Material Synthesis and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, COMSATS University, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - M Kashif
- Advance Materials Lab, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Sameen Anwar
- Electrochemical Material Synthesis and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, COMSATS University, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Unsia Batool
- Electrochemical Material Synthesis and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, COMSATS University, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Talha
- Electrochemical Material Synthesis and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, COMSATS University, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Khalique
- Electrochemical Material Synthesis and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, COMSATS University, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Afolabi MA, Xiao D, Chen Y. The Impact of Surface Chemistry and Synthesis Conditions on the Adsorption of Antibiotics onto MXene Membranes. Molecules 2023; 29:148. [PMID: 38202731 PMCID: PMC10780216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
MXene, a two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial with diverse applications, has gained significant attention due to its 2D lamellar structure, abundance of surface groups, and conductivity. Despite various established synthesis methods since its discovery in 2011, MXenes produced through different approaches exhibit variations in structural and physicochemical characteristics, impacting their suitability for environmental application. This study delves into the effect of synthesis conditions on MXene properties and its adsorption capabilities for four commonly prescribed antibiotics. We utilized material characterization techniques to differentiate MXenes synthesized using three prevalent etchants: hydrofluoric acid (HF), mixed acids (HCl/HF), and fluoride salts (LiF/HCl). Our investigation of adsorption performance included isotherm and kinetic analysis, complemented by density functional theory calculations. The results of this research pinpointed LiF/HCl as an efficient etchant, yielding MXene with favorable morphology and surface chemistry. Electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between MXene surface terminations and ionizable moieties of the antibiotic molecules emerge as pivotal factors in adsorption. Specifically, a higher presence of oxygen terminations increases the binding affinities. These findings provide valuable guidance for etchant selection in environmental applications and underscore the potential to tailor MXenes through synthesis conditions to design membranes capable of selectively removing antibiotics and other targeted substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyosore A. Afolabi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Dequan Xiao
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA;
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
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17
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Arslanoglu M, Yuan B, Panat R, Ozdoganlar OB. 3D Assembly of MXene Networks using a Ceramic Backbone with Controlled Porosity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304757. [PMID: 37660292 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal carbides (MXenes) are novel 2D nanomaterials with exceptional properties, promising significant impact in applications such as energy storage, catalysis, and energy conversion. A major barrier preventing the widespread use of MXenes is the lack of methods for assembling MXene in 3D space without significant restacking, which degrades their performance. Here, this challenge is successfully overcome by introducing a novel material system: a 3D network of MXene formed on a porous ceramic backbone. The backbone dictates the network's 3D architecture while providing mechanical strength, gas/liquid permeability, and other beneficial properties. Freeze casting is used to fabricate a silica backbone with open pores and controlled porosity. Next, capilary flow is used to infiltrate MXene into the backbone from a dispersion. The system is then dried to conformally coat the pore walls with MXene, creating an interconnected 3D-MXene network. The fabrication approach is reproducible, and the MXene-infiltrated porous silica (MX-PS) system is highly conductive (e.g., 340 S m-1 ). The electrical conductivity of MX-PS is controlled by the porosity distribution, MXene concentration, and the number of infiltration cycles. Sandwich-type supercapacitors with MX-PS electrodes are shown to produce excellent areal capacitance (7.24 F cm-2 ) and energy density (0.32 mWh cm-2 ) with only 6% added MXene mass. This approach of creating 3D architectures of 2D nanomaterials will significantly impact many engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Arslanoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rahul Panat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - O Burak Ozdoganlar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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18
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Aravind AM, Tomy M, Kuttapan A, Kakkassery Aippunny AM, Suryabai XT. Progress of 2D MXene as an Electrode Architecture for Advanced Supercapacitors: A Comprehensive Review. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44375-44394. [PMID: 38046319 PMCID: PMC10688139 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Supercapacitors, designed to store more energy and be proficient in accumulating more energy than conventional batteries with numerous charge-discharge cycles, have been developed in response to the growing demand for energy. Transition metal carbides/nitrides called MXenes have been the focus of researchers' cutting-edge research in energy storage. The 2D-layered MXenes are a hopeful contender for the electrode material due to their unique properties, such as high conductivity, hydrophilicity, tunable surface functional groups, better mechanical properties, and outstanding electrochemical performance. This newly developed pseudocapacitive substance benefits electrochemical energy storage because it is rich in interlayer ion diffusion pathways and ion storage sites. Making MXene involves etching the MAX phase precursor with suitable etchants, but different etching methods have distinct effects on the morphology and electrochemical properties. It is an overview of the recent progress of MXene and its structure, synthesis, and unique properties. There is a strong emphasis on the effects of shape, size, electrode design, electrolyte behavior, and other variables on the charge storage mechanism and electrochemical performance of MXene-based supercapacitors. The electrochemical application of MXene and the remarkable research achievements in MXene-based composites are an intense focus. Finally, in light of further research and potential applications, the challenges and future perspectives that MXenes face and the prospects that MXenes present have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Mini Aravind
- Centre
for Advanced Materials Research, Department of Physics, Government
College for Women, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Merin Tomy
- Centre
for Advanced Materials Research, Department of Physics, Government
College for Women, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | | | | | - Xavier Thankappan Suryabai
- Centre
for Advanced Materials Research, Department of Physics, Government
College for Women, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
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19
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Niksan O, Wyatt BC, Kazemi KK, Anasori B, Zarifi MH. MXene Free Standing Films: Unlocking the Impact of Flake Sizes in Microwave Resonant Structures in Humid Environments. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300848. [PMID: 37096923 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microwave communication devices necessitate elements with high electrical conductivity, a property which was traditionally found in metals (e.g., copper). However, in applications such as satellite communications, metals prevent the payload from achieving lightweight and flexible characteristics. Here, we demonstrate the development of MXene film microwave resonators, leveraging MXene's high electrical conductivity and unique mechanical properties. To investigate resonant performance in humid conditions and study the effects of MXene's processing and treatment, MXene films with different flake sizes are prepared and exposed to cyclic humidity. For the large- and small-flake Ti3 C2 MXene films in cyclic humidity, the large-flake film demonstrates higher electrical conductivity, higher resonance quality factor (150 and 35 as unloaded, and loaded), and less fluctuation of performance (≈1.7% total shift in resonance frequency). Further, by implementing MXene films of two different diameters, the correlation between film size and resonant frequency is demonstrated. By introducing an active resonant configuration, the effect of MXene degradation and microwave losses can be compensated. This active feedback loop demonstrates a ≈300 times increase in the quality factor of MXene resonators. As a building block for terrestrial and satellite communication modules, MXene resonators potentiate the replacement of metals in achieving unique electrical and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Niksan
- Okanagan Microelectronics and Gigahertz Applications Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Brian C Wyatt
- Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering and Integrated Nano systems Development Institute, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kasra Khorsand Kazemi
- Okanagan Microelectronics and Gigahertz Applications Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Babak Anasori
- Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering and Integrated Nano systems Development Institute, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mohammad H Zarifi
- Okanagan Microelectronics and Gigahertz Applications Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
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20
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Thakur A, Chandran B S N, Davidson K, Bedford A, Fang H, Im Y, Kanduri V, Wyatt BC, Nemani SK, Poliukhova V, Kumar R, Fakhraai Z, Anasori B. Step-by-Step Guide for Synthesis and Delamination of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300030. [PMID: 37150839 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To advance the MXene field, it is crucial to optimize each step of the synthesis process and create a detailed, systematic guide for synthesizing high-quality MXene that can be consistently reproduced. In this study, a detailed guide is provided for an optimized synthesis of titanium carbide (Ti3 C2 Tx ) MXene using a mixture of hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acids for the selective etching of the stoichimetric-Ti3 AlC2 MAX phase and delamination of the etched multilayered Ti3 C2 Tx MXene using lithium chloride at 65 °C for 1 h with argon bubbling. The effect of different synthesis variables is investigated, including the stoichiometry of the mixed powders to synthesize Ti3 AlC2 , pre-etch impurity removal conditions, selective etching, storage, and drying of MXene multilayer powder, and the subsequent delamination conditions. The synthesis yield and the MXene film electrical conductivity are used as the two parameters to evaluate the MXene quality. Also the MXenes are characterized with scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and ellipsometry. The Ti3 C2 Tx film made via the optimized method shows electrical conductivity as high as ≈21,000 S/cm with a synthesis yield of up to 38 %. A detailed protocol is also provided for the Ti3 C2 Tx MXene synthesis as the supporting information for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupma Thakur
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Nithin Chandran B S
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Center of Excellence in Ceramic Technologies for Futuristic Mobility, Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, 600036, India
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Karis Davidson
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Annabelle Bedford
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yooran Im
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Kanduri
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Brian C Wyatt
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Srinivasa Kartik Nemani
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Valeriia Poliukhova
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Center of Excellence in Ceramic Technologies for Futuristic Mobility, Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Zahra Fakhraai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Babak Anasori
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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21
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Shelash Al-Hawary SI, Sapaev IB, Althomali RH, Musad Saleh EA, Qadir K, Romero-Parra RM, Ismael Ouda G, Hussien BM, Ramadan MF. Recent Progress in Screening of Mycotoxins in Foods and Other Commodities Using MXenes-Based Nanomaterials. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37307199 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2222412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxin pollution in agricultural food products endangers animal and human health during the supply chains, therefore the development of accurate and rapid techniques for the determination of mycotoxins is of great importance for food safety guarantee. MXenes-based nanoprobes have attracted enormous attention as a complementary analysis and promising alternative strategies to conventional diagnostic methods, because of their fascinating features, like high electrical conductivity, various surface functional groups, high surface area, superb thermal resistance, good hydrophilicity, and environmentally-friendlier characteristics. In this study, we outline the state-of-the-art research on MXenes-based probes in detecting various mycotoxins like aflatoxin, ochratoxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and other toxins as a most commonly founded mycotoxin in the agri-food supply chain. First, we present the diverse synthesis approaches and exceptional characteristics of MXenes. Afterward, based on the detecting mechanism, we divide the biosensing utilizations of MXenes into two subcategories: electrochemical, and optical biosensors. Then their performance in effective sensing of mycotoxins is comprehensively deliberated. Finally, present challenges and prospective opportunities for MXenes are debated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I B Sapaev
- Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Raed H Althomali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Arts and Science, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamran Qadir
- Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Chemical Additive Synthesis and Separation, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | | | | | - Beneen M Hussien
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
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22
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Lei L, Yin J, Wu K, Yang N. Size-Dependent Electrochemistry of Oxygenated Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300302. [PMID: 36998117 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
2D MXenes are widely proved to be potential electrode materials, although the size effect on their electrochemistry is not fully understood. In this work, Ti3 C2 Tx nanoflakes are prepared through acidic etching of Ti3 AlC2 powders, followed by the intercalation treatment with tetrapropylammonium hydroxide. Such a method produces large-scale delaminated and oxygenated nanoflakes. With aid of centrifugation, the nanoflakes with varied lateral sizes and thicknesses are collected, where electrochemical response of charged redox probes and polar phenol molecules is varied. Density functional theory and energy dispersive spectroscopy confirm such electrochemical response is dependent on the size and thickness of used nanoflakes, more exactly the oxygen content on their surface. Taking the nanoflakes obtained using a centrifugal speed of 5000 rpm (MX-TPA0.2 ) as an example, they feature good dispersibility, a high oxygen content, a small size, and a thin thickness. On these nanoflakes electrochemical response of polar p-substituted phenols is pronounced, stemming from a strong electron-withdrawing interaction of their oxygenated termination with the Ar-OH. A sensitive electrochemical sensor is further constructed for the detection of p-nitrophenol. This work thus provides an approach to synthesize MXenes with different sizes and thicknesses as well as further to reveal size-dependent electrochemistry of MXenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxi Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kangbing Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Nianjun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMO-IMOMEC, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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23
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Xia C, Ye H, Kim A, Sabahi Namini A, Li S, Delbari SA, Park JY, Kim D, Le QV, Varma RS, Luque R, T-Raissi A, Jang HW, Shokouhimehr M. Recent catalytic applications of MXene-based layered nanomaterials. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 325:138323. [PMID: 36906005 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The urgent issues related to the catalytic processes and energy applications have accelerated the development of hybrid and smart materials. MXenes are a new family of atomic layered nanostructured materials that require considerable research. Tailorable morphologies, strong electrical conductivity, great chemical stability, large surface-to-volume ratios, tunable structures, among others are some significant characteristics that make MXenes appropriate for various electrochemical reactions, including dry reforming of methane, hydrogen evolution reaction, methanol oxidation reaction, sulfur reduction reaction, Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, water-gas shift reaction, and so forth. MXenes, on the other hand, have a fundamental drawback of agglomeration, as well as poor long-term recyclability and stability. One possibility for overcoming the restrictions is the fusion of nanosheets or nanoparticles with MXenes. Herein, the relevant literature on the synthesis, catalytic stability and reusability, and applications of several MXene-based nanocatalysts are deliberated including the merits and cons of the newer MXene-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlei Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Haoran Ye
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Aejung Kim
- Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, 02449, Republic of Korea
| | - Abbas Sabahi Namini
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Suiyi Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Seyed Ali Delbari
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Joo Young Park
- Department of Nano-bio Convergence, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, 15588, Ansan, Republic of Korea; Institute of Nanosensor Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Luque
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya str., 117198, Moscow, Russian Federation; Universidad ECOTEC, Km. 13.5 Samborondón, Samborondón, EC092302, Ecuador
| | - Ali T-Raissi
- University of Central Florida, Florida Solar Energy Center, Cocoa, FL, 32922, USA
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Institute of Nanosensor Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Idumah CI. MXene polymeric nanoarchitectures mechanical, deformation, and failure mechanism: A review. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. I. Idumah
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Polymer Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
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25
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Otgonbayar Z, Yang S, Kim IJ, Oh WC. Recent Advances in Two-Dimensional MXene for Supercapacitor Applications: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:919. [PMID: 36903797 PMCID: PMC10005138 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
MXene is a type of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbide and nitride, and its promising energy storage materials highlight its characteristics of high density, high metal-like conductivity, tunable terminals, and charge storage mechanisms known as pseudo-alternative capacitance. MXenes are a class of 2D materials synthesized by chemical etching of the A element in MAX phases. Since they were first discovered more than 10 years ago, the number of distinct MXenes has grown substantially to include numerous MnXn-1 (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5), solid solutions (ordered and disordered), and vacancy solids. To date, MXenes used in energy storage system applications have been broadly synthesized, and this paper summarizes the current developments, successes, and challenges of using MXenes in supercapacitors. This paper also reports the synthesis approaches, various compositional issues, material and electrode topology, chemistry, and hybridization of MXene with other active materials. The present study also summarizes MXene's electrochemical properties, applicability in pliant-structured electrodes, and energy storage capabilities when using aqueous/non-aqueous electrolytes. Finally, we conclude by discussing how to reshape the face of the latest MXene and what to consider when designing the next generation of MXene-based capacitors and supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zambaga Otgonbayar
- Department of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan-si 356-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhye Yang
- Korea Electrotechnology Reserch Institute, Next Generation Battery Research Center, 12, Jeongiui-gil, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Ick-Jun Kim
- Korea Electrotechnology Reserch Institute, Next Generation Battery Research Center, 12, Jeongiui-gil, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si 51543, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Chun Oh
- Department of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan-si 356-706, Republic of Korea
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26
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Guo R, Yuan P, Han X, He X, Lu J, Li Q, Dang L, Sun J, Liu Z, Lei Z. Thickness-Independent Capacitive Performance of Holey Ti 3 C 2 T x Film Prepared through a Mild Oxidation Strategy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205947. [PMID: 36541728 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Ti3 C2 Tx film with metallic conductivity and high pseudo-capacitance holds profound promise in flexible high-rate supercapacitors. However, the restacking of Ti3 C2 Tx sheets hinders ion access to thick film electrodes. Herein, a mild yet green route has been developed to partially oxidize Ti3 C2 Tx to TiO2 /Ti3 C2 Tx by introducing O2 molecules during refluxing the Ti3 C2 Tx suspension. The subsequent etching away of these TiO2 nanoparticles by HF leaves behind numerous in-plane nanopores on the Ti3 C2 Tx sheets. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that longer oxidation time of 40 min yields holey Ti3 C2 Tx (H-Ti3 C2 Tx ) with a much shorter relax time constant of 0.85 s at electrode thickness of 25 µm, which is 89 times smaller than that of the pristineTi3 C2 Tx film (75.58 s). Meanwhile, H-Ti3 C2 Tx film with 25 min oxidation exhibits less-dependent capacitive performance in film thickness range of 10-84 µm (1.63-6.41 mg cm-2 ) and maintains around 60% capacitance as the current density increases from 1 to 50 A g-1 . The findings clearly demonstrate that in-plane nanopores not only provide more electrochemically active sites, but also offer numerous pathways for rapid ion impregnation across the thick Ti3 C2 Tx film. The method reported herein would pave way for fabricating porous MXene materials toward high-rate flexible supercapacitor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, Delft, 2629JB, The Netherlands
| | - Peng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Xiying Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Xuexia He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Jiangbo Lu
- School of Physics & Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Liqin Dang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Zonghuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Zhibin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, MOE, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
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27
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Popple D, Shekhirev M, Dai C, Kim P, Wang KX, Ashby P, Helms BA, Gogotsi Y, Russell TP, Zettl A. All-Liquid Reconfigurable Electronics Using Jammed MXene Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208148. [PMID: 36302090 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rigid, solid-state components represent the current paradigm for electronic systems, but they lack post-production reconfigurability and pose ever-increasing challenges to efficient end-of-life recycling. Liquid electronics may overcome these limitations by offering flexible in-the-field redesign and separation at end-of-life via simple liquid phase chemistries. Up to now, preliminary work on liquid electronics has focused on liquid metal components, but these devices still require an encapsulating polymer and typically use alloys of rare elements like indium. Here, using the self-assembly of jammed 2D titanium carbide (Ti3 C2 Tx ) MXene nanoparticles at liquid-liquid interfaces, "all-liquid" electrically conductive sheets, wires, and simple functional devices are described including electromechanical switches and photodetectors. These assemblies combine the high conductivity of MXene nanosheets with the controllable form and reconfigurability of structured liquids. Such configurations can have applications not only in electronics, but also in catalysis and microfluidics, especially in systems where the product and substrate have affinity for solvents of differing polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Popple
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California at Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mikhail Shekhirev
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chunhui Dai
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Paul Kim
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Paul Ashby
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Brett A Helms
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Alex Zettl
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California at Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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28
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Chen MJ, Pappas GA, Massella D, Schlothauer A, Motta SE, Falk V, Cesarovic N, Ermanni P. Tailoring crystallinity for hemocompatible and durable PEEK cardiovascular implants. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 146:213288. [PMID: 36731379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymers have the potential to replace metallic or bioprosthetic heart valve components due to superior durability and inertness while allowing for native tissue-like flexibility. Despite these appealing properties, certain polymers such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK) have issues with hemocompatibility, which have previously been addressed through assorted complex processes. In this paper, we explore the enhancement of PEEK hemocompatibility with polymer crystallinity. Amorphous, semi-crystalline and crystalline PEEK are investigated in addition to a highly crystalline carbon fiber (CF)/PEEK composite material (CFPEEK). The functional group density of the PEEK samples is determined, showing that higher crystallinity results in increased amount of surface carbonyl functional groups. The increase of crystallinity (and negatively charged groups) appears to cause significant reductions in platelet adhesion (33 vs. 1.5 % surface coverage), hemolysis (1.55 vs. 0.75 %∙cm-2), and thrombin generation rate (4840 vs. 1585 mU/mL/min/cm2). In combination with the hemocompatibility study, mechanical characterization demonstrates that tailoring crystallinity is a simple and effective method to control both hemocompatibility and mechanical performance of PEEK. Furthermore, the results display that CFPEEK composite performed very well in all categories due to its enhanced crystallinity and complete carbon encapsulation, allowing the unique properties of CFPEEK to empower new concepts in cardiovascular device design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jialu Chen
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Georgios A Pappas
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Massella
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Schlothauer
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E Motta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Translational Cardiovascular Technologies, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Klinik für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Germany; Klinik für Kardiovaskuläre Chirurgie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikola Cesarovic
- Translational Cardiovascular Technologies, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Klinik für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Germany
| | - Paolo Ermanni
- Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
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29
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Chouhan RS, Shah M, Prakashan D, P R R, Kolhe P, Gandhi S. Emerging Trends and Recent Progress of MXene as a Promising 2D Material for Point of Care (POC) Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:697. [PMID: 36832187 PMCID: PMC9955873 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with chemical and structural diversity have piqued the interest of the scientific community due to their superior photonic, mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and catalytic capabilities that distinguish them from their bulk counterparts. Among these 2D materials, two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides with a general chemical formula of Mn+1XnTx (where n = 1-3), together known as MXenes, have gained tremendous popularity and demonstrated competitive performance in biosensing applications. In this review, we focus on the cutting-edge advances in MXene-related biomaterials, with a systematic summary on their design, synthesis, surface engineering approaches, unique properties, and biological properties. We particularly emphasize the property-activity-effect relationship of MXenes at the nano-bio interface. We also discuss the recent trends in the application of MXenes in accelerating the performance of conventional point of care (POC) devices towards more practical approaches as the next generation of POC tools. Finally, we explore in depth the existing problems, challenges, and potential for future improvement of MXene-based materials for POC testing, with the goal of facilitating their early realization of biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuraj Singh Chouhan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute “Jožef Stefan”, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maitri Shah
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Drishya Prakashan
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, India
- RCB-Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Ramya P R
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, India
- RCB-Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Pratik Kolhe
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, India
| | - Sonu Gandhi
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad 500032, India
- RCB-Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, India
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30
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Wang G, Wu H, Liu Y, Pang Y, Hao J, Cheng F, Qian A, Shi H. Surface fluorine preservation dependence of Ti 3C 2T x MXene for high electrochemical properties in ionic liquid electrolytes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1369-1372. [PMID: 36649108 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We identified the contribution of -CF3 terminations to the Ti3C2Tx surface structure when ethanol and water were used as solvents during delamination through experimental and computational studies. Ethanol-treated -CF3-terminated Ti3C2Tx achieves better prevention of nanoflake aggregation, hydrophobicity, and small size, enabling enhanced capacitive properties in ionic liquid compared to water-treated Ti3C2Tx in aqueous and ionic liquid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Institute of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Yiming Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Yiwei Pang
- Institute of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Junsheng Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Fangqin Cheng
- Institute of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Aniu Qian
- Institute of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Hu Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China.
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31
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Kamibe T, Asakura Y, Sugahara Y. Phase Transfer of Inorganic Nanosheets in a Water/2-Butanone Biphasic System and Lateral Size Fractionation via Stepwise Extractions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:820-828. [PMID: 36577084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lateral size fractionation of niobate nanosheets derived from K4Nb6O17·3H2O was achieved via phase transfer from the aqueous phase to the 2-butanone phase in a water/2-butanone biphasic system, in which tetra-n-dodecylammonium (TDDA+) bromide was used as a phase transfer reagent. Phase transfer of the nanosheets was observed when the TDDA+/[Nb6O17]4- molar ratios were 0.6 and 1.0, and the phase transfer ratios were 41 and 97%, respectively. FT-IR and thermogravimetry results showed that the extracted nanosheets contained TDDA+ ions. These results indicate that adsorption of TDDA+ likely induced an increase in the hydrophobicity of the nanosheet surface, leading to phase transfer. In the AFM image of the original nanosheets in the aqueous phase, their lateral sizes were in the range from several hundreds of nm to several tens of μm, while those of the nanosheets after phase transfer at a molar ratio of 0.6 were in the range from several hundreds of nm up to 2 μm, indicating that nanosheets with smaller lateral sizes were preferentially extracted into the 2-butanone phase. In addition, the phase transfer ratio of the fragmentated nanosheets with a much smaller lateral size distribution compared with the original nanosheets was 79% when the TDDA+/[Nb6O17]4- molar ratio was 0.6, indicating that phase transfer for the nanosheets with smaller lateral sizes proceeded efficiently. Following this extraction cycle, the nanosheets with a TDDA+/[Nb6O17]4- molar ratio of 0.6 remaining in the aqueous phase after extraction were extracted stepwise again through dilution of the aqueous phase with water and the addition of a fresh 2-butanone solution of tetra-n-dodecylammonium bromide to form a new biphasic system. The lateral sizes of the nanosheets increased as the extraction cycles were repeated. Completion of the three extraction cycles allowed formation of the three classes of the nanosheets with different lateral size ranges of 0.68 ± 0.5, 2.8 ± 1.9, and 6.6 ± 3.1 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kamibe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okuebo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo169-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Asakura
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo169-0051, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sugahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okuebo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo169-8555, Japan
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo169-0051, Japan
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Ratzker B, Messer O, Favelukis B, Kalabukhov S, Maman N, Ezersky V, Sokol M. MXene-Based Ceramic Nanocomposites Enabled by Pressure-Assisted Sintering. ACS NANO 2023; 17:157-167. [PMID: 36374164 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As MXenes become increasingly widespread, approaches to utilize this versatile class of 2D materials are sought. Recently, there has been growing interest in incorporating MXenes into metal or ceramic matrices to create advanced nanocomposites. This study presents a facile approach of mixing MXene with ceramic particles followed by pressure-assisted sintering to produce bulk MXene/ceramic nanocomposites. The effect of MXene addition on the densification behavior and properties of nanocomposites was explored through the Ti3C2Tz/alumina model system. We discovered that the presence of MXene altered the densification behavior and significantly enhanced the densification rate at low temperatures. In-depth microstructural characterization showed a homogeneous distribution of Ti3C2Tz MXene at the alumina grain boundaries. The Ti3C2Tz/alumina nanocomposites exhibited electrical conductivity but reduced hardness. We also demonstrated that using multilayered Ti3C2Tz as a precursor can produce composites with plate-like TiCx morphology. This work provides a conceptual approach for utilizing the diversity and versatility of MXenes in creating tunable advanced nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak Ratzker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B 39040, Ramat Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Or Messer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B 39040, Ramat Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Bar Favelukis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B 39040, Ramat Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sergey Kalabukhov
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Nitzan Maman
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B 653 Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Vladimir Ezersky
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B 653 Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Maxim Sokol
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B 39040, Ramat Aviv 6997801, Israel
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33
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Inter-plane 2D/2D ultrathin La2Ti2O7/Ti3C2 MXene Schottky heterojunctions toward high-efficiency photocatalytic CO2 reduction. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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34
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Amara U, Hussain I, Ahmad M, Mahmood K, Zhang K. 2D MXene-Based Biosensing: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205249. [PMID: 36412074 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MXene emerged as decent 2D material and has been exploited for numerous applications in the last decade. The remunerations of the ideal metallic conductivity, optical absorbance, mechanical stability, higher heterogeneous electron transfer rate, and good redox capability have made MXene a potential candidate for biosensing applications. The hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility, antifouling, and anti-toxicity properties have opened avenues for MXene to perform in vitro and in vivo analysis. In this review, the concept, operating principle, detailed mechanism, and characteristic properties are comprehensively assessed and compiled along with breakthroughs in MXene fabrication and conjugation strategies for the development of unique electrochemical and optical biosensors. Further, the current challenges are summarized and suggested future aspects. This review article is believed to shed some light on the development of MXene for biosensing and will open new opportunities for the future advanced translational application of MXene bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umay Amara
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Muhmmad Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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35
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Xu X, Guo T, Hota MK, Kim H, Zheng D, Liu C, Hedhili MN, Alsaadi RS, Zhang X, Alshareef HN. High-Yield Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene-MoS 2 Integrated Circuits. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107370. [PMID: 34719808 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is very challenging to employ solution-processed conducting films in large-area ultrathin nanoelectronics. Here, spray-coated Ti3 C2 Tx MXene films as metal contacts are successfully integrated into sub-10 nm gate oxide 2D MoS2 transistor circuits. Ti3 C2 Tx films are spray coated on glass substrates followed by vacuum annealing. Compared to the as-prepared sample, vacuum annealed films exhibit a higher conductivity (≈11 000 S cm-1 ) and a lower work function (≈4.5 eV). Besides, the annealed Ti3 C2 Tx film can be patterned through a standard cleanroom process without peeling off. The annealed Ti3 C2 Tx film shows a better band alignment for n-type transport in MoS2 channel with small work function mismatch of 0.06 eV. The MoS2 film can be uniformly transferred on the patterned Ti3 C2 Tx surface and then readily processed through the cleanroom process. A large-area array of Ti3 C2 Tx MXene-MoS2 transistors is fabricated using different dielectric thicknesses and semiconducting channel sizes. High yield and stable performance for these transistor arrays even with an 8 nm-thick dielectric layer are demonstrated. Besides, several circuits are demonstrated, including rectifiers, negative-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) inverters, and voltage-shift NMOS inverters. Overall, this work indicates the tremendous potential for solution-processed Ti3 C2 Tx MXene films in large-area 2D nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tianchao Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mrinal K Hota
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyunho Kim
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dongxing Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Nejib Hedhili
- Core Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajeh S Alsaadi
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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36
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Nguyen PH, Nguyen DH, Kim D, Kim MK, Jang J, Sim WH, Jeong HM, Namkoong G, Jeong MS. Regenerating MXene by a Facile Chemical Treatment Method. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:51487-51495. [PMID: 36326902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A popular substance in the MXene family, titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx), has received substantial attention mainly due to its high metallic conductivity, easy solution processability, and environment friendliness. However, the poor oxygen resistance nature of MXene has prevented its practical applications from being realized. Despite significant attempts to improve the oxidative stability of MXenes, a comprehensive understanding of the oxidation mechanism is still elusive, thus leaving an optimal strategy for recycling oxidized MXene in question. Here, by developing a facile hydrofluoric acid (HF) post-treatment, we have unraveled the regeneration kinetics of the oxidized Ti3C2Tx. A systematic and extensive investigation using a combination of Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that HF post-treatment is critical for restoring the structure/morphology and surface composition of MXene nanosheets. These are ascribed to the oxidizing agent removal kinetics, while the generation of amorphous carbon and Ti(III) in fluorinated derivatives provides efficient electrical conductivity. Our findings suggested that HF post-treatment is sufficient to evade and reduce the degradation process while maintaining the conductivity for a longer time, which will not only be economically advantageous but also a step forward for the rational design of Ti3C2Tx-based devices and functional coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Huyen Nguyen
- Department of Smart-Fab. Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc Hieu Nguyen
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyoung Kim
- Department of Smart-Fab. Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Kyoung Kim
- Department of Smart-Fab. Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseong Jang
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyeong Sim
- Department of Smart-Fab. Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Mo Jeong
- Department of Smart-Fab. Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Namkoong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Applied Research Centre, 12050 Jefferson Avenue, Newport News, Virginia23606, United States
| | - Mun Seok Jeong
- Department of Physics, and Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul04763, Republic of Korea
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Gholamirad F, Ge J, Sadati M, Wang G, Taheri-Qazvini N. Tuning the Self-Assembled Morphology of Ti 3C 2T x MXene-Based Hybrids for High-Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:49158-49170. [PMID: 36269799 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid materials based on transition metal carbide and nitride (MXene) nanosheets have great potential for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding due to their excellent electrical conductivity. However, the performance of final products depends not only on the properties of constituent components but also on the morphology of the assembly. Here, via the controlled diffusion of positively charged poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) chains into the negatively charged Ti3C2Tx MXene suspension, MXene/PAH hybrids in the forms of thin films, porous structures, and fibers with distinguished internal morphologies are obtained. Our results confirm that PAH chains could effectively enhance the oxidation stability and integrity of wet and dry MXene structures. The flexibility to tune the structures allows for a thorough discussion of the relations between the morphology, electrical conductivity, and EMI shielding mechanism of the hybrids in a wide range of electrical conductivity (2.5 to 3347 S·cm-1) and thickness (7.7 to 1900 μm) values. The analysis of thin films shows the direct impact of the polymer content on the alignment and compactness of MXene nanosheets regulating the films' electrical conductivity/EMI shielding effectiveness. The colloidal behavior of the initial MXene suspension determines the interconnection of MXene nanosheets in MXene/PAH porous assemblies and the final electrical properties. In addition to the internal morphology, examining the laminated MXene/PAH fibers with geometrically different arrangements demonstrates the role of conductive network configuration on EMI shielding performance. These findings provide insights into tuning the EMI shielding effectiveness via the charge-driven bottom-up assembly of electrically conductive MXene/polyelectrolyte hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farivash Gholamirad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
| | - Jinqun Ge
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
| | - Monirosadat Sadati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
| | - Guoan Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
| | - Nader Taheri-Qazvini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina29208, United States
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38
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Oh T, Lee S, Kim H, Ko TY, Kim SJ, Koo CM. Fast and High-Yield Anhydrous Synthesis of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene with High Electrical Conductivity and Exceptional Mechanical Strength. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203767. [PMID: 36069279 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
2D transition metal carbides or nitrides (MXenes) have attracted considerable attention from materials scientists and engineers owing to their physicochemical properties. Currently, MXenes are synthesized from MAX-phase precursors using aqueous HF. Here, in order to enhance the production of MXenes, an anhydrous etching solution is proposed, consisting of dimethylsulfoxide as solvent with its high boiling point, NH4 HF2 as an etchant, CH3 SO3 H as an acid, and NH4 PF6 as an intercalant. The reaction temperature can be increased up to 100 °C to accelerate the etching and delamination of Ti3 AlC2 MAX crystals; in addition, the destructive side reaction of the produced Ti3 C2 Tx MXene is suppressed in the etchant. Consequently, the etching reaction is completed in 4 h at 100 °C and produces high-quality monolayer Ti3 C2 Tx with an electrical conductivity of 8200 S cm-1 and yield of over 70%. The Ti3 C2 Tx MXene fabricated via this modified synthesis exhibits different surface structures and properties arising from more F-terminations than those of Ti3 C2 Tx synthesized in aqueous HF2 T. The atypical surface structure of Ti3 C2 Tx MXene results in an exceptionally high ultimate tensile strength (167 ± 8 MPa), which is five times larger than those of Ti3 C2 Tx MXenes synthesized in aqueous HF solution (31.7 ± 7.8 MPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegon Oh
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Kim
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yun Ko
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Joon Kim
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Min Koo
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Li C, Han J, Huang W, Zhou J, Yang Y. Hydrophilic antifouling 3D porous MXene/holey graphene nanocomposites for electrochemical determination of dopamine. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Amin I, Brekel HVD, Nemani K, Batyrev E, de Vooys A, van der Weijde H, Anasori B, Shiju NR. Ti 3C 2T x MXene Polymer Composites for Anticorrosion: An Overview and Perspective. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:43749-43758. [PMID: 36121119 PMCID: PMC9523612 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As the most studied two-dimensional (2D) material from the MXene family, Ti3C2Tx has constantly gained interest from academia and industry. Ti3C2Tx MXene has the highest electrical conductivity (up to 24,000 S cm-1) and one of the highest stiffness values with a Young's modulus of ∼ 334 GPa among water-dispersible conductive 2D materials. The negative surface charge of MXene helps to disperse it well in aqueous and other polar solvents. This solubility across a wide range of solvents, excellent interface interaction, tunable surface functionality, and stability with other organic/polymeric materials combined with the layered structure of Ti3C2Tx MXene make it a promising material for anticorrosion coatings. While there are many reviews on Ti3C2Tx MXene polymer composites for catalysis, flexible electronics, and energy storage, to our knowledge, no review has been published yet on MXenes' anticorrosion applications. In this brief report, we summarize the current progress and the development of Ti3C2Tx polymer composites for anticorrosion. We also provide an outlook and discussion on possible ways to improve the exploitation of Ti3C2Tx polymer composites as anticorrosive materials. Finally, we provide a perspective beyond Ti3C2Tx MXene composition for the development of future anticorrosion coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Amin
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hidde van den Brekel
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kartik Nemani
- Department
of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering
and Technology and Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Erdni Batyrev
- Tata
Steel Research & Development, P.O. Box 10.000, 1970CA IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud de Vooys
- Tata
Steel Research & Development, P.O. Box 10.000, 1970CA IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van der Weijde
- Tata
Steel Research & Development, P.O. Box 10.000, 1970CA IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Babak Anasori
- Department
of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering
and Technology and Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - N. Raveendran Shiju
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Murali G, Reddy Modigunta JK, Park YH, Lee JH, Rawal J, Lee SY, In I, Park SJ. A Review on MXene Synthesis, Stability, and Photocatalytic Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13370-13429. [PMID: 36094932 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water splitting, CO2 reduction, and pollutant degradation have emerged as promising strategies to remedy the existing environmental and energy crises. However, grafting of expensive and less abundant noble-metal cocatalysts on photocatalyst materials is a mandatory practice to achieve enhanced photocatalytic performance owing to the ability of the cocatalysts to extract electrons efficiently from the photocatalyst and enable rapid/enhanced catalytic reaction. Hence, developing highly efficient, inexpensive, and noble-metal-free cocatalysts composed of earth-abundant elements is considered as a noteworthy step toward considering photocatalysis as a more economical strategy. Recently, MXenes (two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides) have shown huge potential as alternatives for noble-metal cocatalysts. MXenes have several excellent properties, including atomically thin 2D morphology, metallic electrical conductivity, hydrophilic surface, and high specific surface area. In addition, they exhibit Gibbs free energy of intermediate H atom adsorption as close to zero and less than that of a commercial Pt-based cocatalyst, a Fermi level position above the H2 generation potential, and an excellent ability to capture and activate CO2 molecules. Therefore, there is a growing interest in MXene-based photocatalyst materials for various photocatalytic events. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the synthesis of MXenes with 2D and 0D morphologies, the stability of MXenes, and MXene-based photocatalysts for H2 evolution, CO2 reduction, and pollutant degradation. The existing challenges and the possible future directions to enhance the photocatalytic performance of MXene-based photocatalysts are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Murali
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of IT-Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeevan Kumar Reddy Modigunta
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of IT-Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of IT-Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jishu Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Yi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Insik In
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of IT-Energy Convergence (BK21 FOUR), Chemical Industry Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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42
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Shekhirev M, Busa J, Shuck CE, Torres A, Bagheri S, Sinitskii A, Gogotsi Y. Ultralarge Flakes of Ti 3C 2T x MXene via Soft Delamination. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13695-13703. [PMID: 35877963 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx) has attracted significant attention due to its combination of properties and great promise for various applications. The size of the 2D sheets is a critical parameter affecting multiple properties of assembled films, fibers and 3D structures. The increased lateral size of MXene flakes can benefit not only their assemblies by improving the interflake contacts and alignment but also fundamental studies at the individual flake level, allowing for facile patterning and investigation of intrinsic physical properties of MXenes. Increasing the average size of the parent MAX phase is one of the strategies previously used to increase the flake size of the resultant MXene. Here, we show that the protocol used for the next step of the synthesis procedure, delamination of multilayer MXene into individual nanosheets, significantly affects the lateral size of the resultant flakes. We developed a soft delamination approach, which prevents fracture of flakes and preserves their size. Combining this approach with the large-grain Ti3AlC2 MAX phase precursor, we achieved individual flakes of up to 40 μm in lateral size. These flakes can be used for patterning multiple contacts and fabrication of field-effect transistors for multiprobe electrical characterization and other measurements. These findings indicate the importance of controlling the delamination process in order to achieve large MXene flakes and improve properties of MXene-based materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Shekhirev
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jeffrey Busa
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher E Shuck
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Angel Torres
- Department of Chemistry and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Saman Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Alexander Sinitskii
- Department of Chemistry and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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43
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Kaur H, Coleman JN. Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Nonlayered Non-Van-Der-Waals Crystals into Nanoplatelets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202164. [PMID: 35470487 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
For nearly 15 years, researchers have been using liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) to produce 2D nanosheets from layered crystals. This has yielded multiple 2D materials in a solution-processable form whose utility has been demonstrated in multiple applications. It was believed that the exfoliation of such materials is enabled by the very large bonding anisotropy of layered materials where the strength of intralayer chemical bonds is very much larger than that of interlayer van der Waals bonds. However, over the last five years, a number of papers have raised questions about our understanding of exfoliation by describing the LPE of nonlayered materials. These results are extremely surprising because, as no van der Waals gap is present to provide an easily cleaved direction, the exfoliation of such compounds requires the breaking of only chemical bonds. Here the progress in this unexpected new research area is examined. The structure and properties of nanoplatelets produced by LPE of nonlayered materials are reviewed. A number of unexplained trends are found, not least the preponderance of isotropic materials that have been exfoliated to give high-aspect-ratio nanoplatelets. Finally, the applications potential of this new class of 2D materials are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harneet Kaur
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN & AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
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Bhargava Reddy MS, Kailasa S, Marupalli BCG, Sadasivuni KK, Aich S. A Family of 2D-MXenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Gas Sensing Applications. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2132-2163. [PMID: 35972775 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gas sensors, capable of detecting and monitoring trace amounts of gas molecules or volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are in great demand for numerous applications including diagnosing diseases through breath analysis, environmental and personal safety, food and agriculture, and other fields. The continuous emergence of new materials is one of the driving forces for the development of gas sensors. Recently, 2D materials have been gaining huge attention for gas sensing applications, owing to their superior electrical, optical, and mechanical characteristics. Especially for 2D MXenes, high specific area and their rich surface functionalities with tunable electronic structure make them compelling for sensing applications. This Review discusses the latest advancements in the 2D MXenes for gas sensing applications. It starts by briefly explaining the family of MXenes, their synthesis methods, and delamination procedures. Subsequently, it outlines the properties of MXenes. Then it describes the theoretical and experimental aspects of the MXenes-based gas sensors. Discussion is also extended to the relation between sensing performance and the structure, electronic properties, and surface chemistry. Moreover, it highlights the promising potential of these materials in the current gas sensing applications and finally it concludes with the limitations, challenges, and future prospects of 2D MXenes in gas sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sai Bhargava Reddy
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Saraswathi Kailasa
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, 506004, India
| | - Bharat C G Marupalli
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Shampa Aich
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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Liu H, Wang Z, Wang J, Yang Y, Wu S, You C, Tian N, Li Y. Structural evolution of MXenes and their composites for electromagnetic interference shielding applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9218-9247. [PMID: 35726826 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the extensive utilization of electronic devices and equipment inevitably leads to severe electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues. Therefore, EMI shielding materials have drawn considerable attention, and great effort has been devoted to the exploration of high-efficiency EMI shielding materials. As a novel kind of 2D transition metal carbide material, MXenes have been widely investigated for EMI shielding in the past few years due to their extraordinary electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, light weight, and easy processability. In view of the great achievements in MXene-based materials for EMI shielding, herein, we reviewed the recent studies on the structural design and evolution of MXenes and their composites for EMI shielding. First, the methods for structural control of MXenes, including HF etching, in situ HF etching, fluorine-free etching, electrochemical etching, and molten salt etching, are systematically summarized. Then we illustrate the fundamental relationship between the microstructure of MXenes and the EMI shielding mechanism. In the following, the effects of different synthesis methods and structures of MXene-based composite materials as well as their EMI shielding performances are comprehensively discussed. Lastly, future prospects for the development of MXene-based composite materials in EMI shielding applications are commented on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heguang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yujia Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China.
| | - Shaoqing Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China.
| | - Caiyin You
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China.
| | - Na Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Panda S, Deshmukh K, Khadheer Pasha S, Theerthagiri J, Manickam S, Choi MY. MXene based emerging materials for supercapacitor applications: Recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Babar ZUD, Della Ventura B, Velotta R, Iannotti V. Advances and emerging challenges in MXenes and their nanocomposites for biosensing applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19590-19610. [PMID: 35865615 PMCID: PMC9258029 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02985e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have unique properties and their better functionality has created new paradigms in the field of sensing. Over the past decade, a new family of 2D materials known as MXenes has emerged as a promising material for numerous applications, including biosensing. Their metallic conductivity, rich surface chemistry, hydrophilicity, good biocompatibility, and high anchoring capacity for biomaterials make them an attractive candidate to detect a variety of analytes. Despite such notable properties, there are certain limitations associated with them. This review aims to present a detailed survey of MXene's synthesis; in particular, their superiority in the field of biosensing as compared to other 2D materials is addressed. Their low oxidative stability is still an open challenge, and recent investigations on MXene's oxidation are summarized. The hexagonal stacking network of MXenes acts as a distinctive matrix to load nanoparticles, and the embedded nanoparticles can bind an excess number of biomolecules (e.g., antibodies) thereby improving biosensor performance. We will also discuss the synthesis and corresponding performance of MXenes nanocomposites with noble metal nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles. Furthermore, Nb and Ti2C-based MXenes, and Ti3C2-MXene sandwich immunoassays are also reviewed in view of their importance. Different aspects and challenges associated with MXenes (from their synthesis to final applications) and the future perspectives described give new directions to fabricate novel biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Ud Din Babar
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM), University of Naples Federico II Largo S. Marcellino, 10 80138 Italy
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II Via Cintia 26 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Della Ventura
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II Via Cintia 26 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Raffaele Velotta
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II Via Cintia 26 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Vincenzo Iannotti
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II Via Cintia 26 80126 Naples Italy
- CNR-SPIN (Institute for Superconductors, Oxides and Other Innovative Materials and Devices) Piazzale V. Tecchio 80 80125 Naples Italy
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Che X, Zhang W, Long L, Zhang X, Pei D, Li M, Li C. Mildly Peeling Off and Encapsulating Large MXene Nanosheets with Rigid Biologic Fibrils for Synchronization of Solar Evaporation and Energy Harvest. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8881-8890. [PMID: 35603922 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and nondestructive liquid exfoliation of MXene with large lateral size has drawn growing research interest due to its outstanding properties and diverse potential applications. The conventional sonication method, though enabling a high production yield of MXene nanosheets, broke them down into submicrometric sizes or even quantum dots, and thus sacrificed their size-dependent properties, chemical stability, and wide applications. Herein, rigid biological nanofibrils in combination of mild manual shake were found to be capable of peeling off MXene nanosheets by attaching on MXene surfaces and localizing the shear force. With comparison to sonication, this efficient and nondestructive exfoliation approach produced the MXene nanosheets with the lateral size up to 4-6 μm and a comparable yield of 64% within 2 h. The resultant MXene nanosheets were encapsulated with these biological fibrils, and thus enabled super colloidal and chemical stability. A steam generation efficiency of ∼86% and a high evaporation rate of 3.3 kg m-2 h-1 were achieved on their aerogels under 1-Sun irradiation at ∼25 °C. An evaporation rate of 0.5 kg m-2 h-1 still maintained even at the atmospheric temperature of -5 °C. More importantly, an electricity generation up to ∼350 mV also accompanied this solar evaporation under equivalent 5-Sun irradiation. Thus, this fibrous strategy not only provides an efficient and nondestructive exfoliation method of MXene, but also promises synchronization of solar-thermal evaporation and energy harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Che
- Group of Biomimetic Smart Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shandong Energy Institute, Songling Road 189, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Center of Material and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Group of Biomimetic Smart Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shandong Energy Institute, Songling Road 189, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Lifen Long
- WEEE Research Centre, Research Center of Resource Recycling Science and Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for WEEE Recycling, Shanghai 201209, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Group of Biomimetic Smart Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shandong Energy Institute, Songling Road 189, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Center of Material and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Danfeng Pei
- Group of Biomimetic Smart Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shandong Energy Institute, Songling Road 189, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Center of Material and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Group of Biomimetic Smart Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shandong Energy Institute, Songling Road 189, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Center of Material and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chaoxu Li
- Group of Biomimetic Smart Materials, CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shandong Energy Institute, Songling Road 189, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Center of Material and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Patra I, Madjeed Kammoud K, Haleem Al-Qaim Z, Mamadoliev II, Abed Jawad M, Hammid AT, Salam Karim Y, Yasin G. Perspectives and Trends in Advanced MXenes-Based Optical Biosensors for the Recognition of Food Contaminants. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:633-652. [PMID: 35749278 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2091921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Fabricating novel biosensing constructs with high sensitivity and selectivity is highly demanded in food contaminants detection. In this prospect, various nanostructured materials were envisaged to build (bio)sensors with superior sensitivity and selectivity. The desirable biocompatibility, brilliant mechanical strength, ease of surface functionalization, as well as tunable optical and electronic features, portray 2D MXenes as versatile scaffolds for biosensing. In this review, we overviewed the state-of-the-art MXenes-based optical biosensing devices to detect mycotoxins, pesticide residues, antibiotic residues, and food borne-pathogens from foodstuff and environmental matrices. Firstly, the synthesis methods and surface functionalization/modification of MXenes are discussed. Secondly, according to the target analytes, we categorized and presented a detailed account of the newest research progress of MXenes-based optical probes for food contaminants monitoring. The efficiency of all the surveyed probes was assessed on the basis of important factors like response time, detection limit (DL), and sensing range. Lastly, the necessity and requirements for future advances in this emerging MXenes material are also given, followed by challenges and opportunities. We hope that this study will bridge the gap between nanotechnology and food science, offering insights for engineers or scientists in both areas to accelerate the progress of MXenes-based materials for food safety detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ali Thaeer Hammid
- Computer Engineering Techniques Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Botany, university of Bahauddin Zakariya, Multan, Pakistan
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Huang H, Dong C, Feng W, Wang Y, Huang B, Chen Y. Biomedical engineering of two-dimensional MXenes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114178. [PMID: 35231544 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides, referred to MXenes, with a general chemical formula of Mn+1XnTx have aroused considerable interest and shown remarkable potential applications in diverse fields. The unique ultrathin lamellar structure accompanied with charming electronic, optical, magnetic, mechanical and biological properties make MXenes as a kind of promising alternative biomaterials for versatile biomedical applications, as well as uncovering many new fundamental scientific discoveries. Herein, the current state-of-the-art advances of MXenes-related biomaterials are systematically summarized in this comprehensive review, especially focusing on the synthetic methodologies, design and surface engineering strategies, unique properties, biological effects, and particularly the property-activity-effect relationship of MXenes at the nano-bio interface. Furthermore, the elaborated MXenes for varied biomedical applications, such as biosensors and biodevices, antibacteria, bioimaging, therapeutics, theranostics, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, are illustrated in detail. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and opportunities for future advancement of MXene-based biomaterials in-depth on the basis of the present situation, aiming to facilitate their early realization of practical biomedical applications.
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