1
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Guo S, Cui H, Agarwal T, Zhang LG. Nanomaterials in 4D Printing: Expanding the Frontiers of Advanced Manufacturing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307750. [PMID: 38431939 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
As an innovative technology, four-dimentional (4D) printing is built upon the principles of three-dimentional (3D) printing with an additional dimension: time. While traditional 3D printing creates static objects, 4D printing generates "responsive 3D printed structures", enabling them to transform or self-assemble in response to external stimuli. Due to the dynamic nature, 4D printing has demonstrated tremendous potential in a range of industries, encompassing aerospace, healthcare, and intelligent devices. Nanotechnology has gained considerable attention owing to the exceptional properties and functions of nanomaterials. Incorporating nanomaterials into an intelligent matrix enhances the physiochemical properties of 4D printed constructs, introducing novel functions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current applications of nanomaterials in 4D printing, exploring their synergistic potential to create dynamic and responsive structures. Nanomaterials play diverse roles as rheology modifiers, mechanical enhancers, function introducers, and more. The overarching goal of this review is to inspire researchers to delve into the vast potential of nanomaterial-enabled 4D printing, propelling advancements in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Haitao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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2
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Li H, Zhang B, Ye H, Jian B, He X, Cheng J, Sun Z, Wang R, Chen Z, Lin J, Xiao R, Liu Q, Ge Q. Reconfigurable 4D printing via mechanically robust covalent adaptable network shape memory polymer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl4387. [PMID: 38748786 PMCID: PMC11095468 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl4387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
4D printing enables 3D printed structures to change shape over "time" in response to environmental stimulus. Because of relatively high modulus, shape memory polymers (SMPs) have been widely used for 4D printing. However, most SMPs for 4D printing are thermosets, which only have one permanent shape. Despite the efforts that implement covalent adaptable networks (CANs) into SMPs to achieve shape reconfigurability, weak thermomechanical properties of the current CAN-SMPs exclude them from practical applications. Here, we report reconfigurable 4D printing via mechanically robust CAN-SMPs (MRC-SMPs), which have high deformability at both programming and reconfiguration temperatures (>1400%), high Tg (75°C), and high room temperature modulus (1.06 GPa). The high printability for DLP high-resolution 3D printing allows MRC-SMPs to create highly complex SMP 3D structures that can be reconfigured multiple times under large deformation. The demonstrations show that the reconfigurable 4D printing allows one printed SMP structure to fulfill multiple tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggeng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- School of Advanced Engineering, Great Bay University, Dongguan, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitao Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bingcong Jian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangnan He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianxiang Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zechu Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji Lin
- Center for Mechanics Plus under Extreme Environments, School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingjiang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Ge
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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3
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Liu Y, Liu MY, Fan XG, Wang PY, Chen SP. A 4D-Printable Photocurable Resin Derived from Waste Cooking Oil with Enhanced Tensile Strength. Molecules 2024; 29:2162. [PMID: 38731653 PMCID: PMC11085575 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In pursuit of enhancing the mechanical properties, especially the tensile strength, of 4D-printable consumables derived from waste cooking oil (WCO), we initiated the production of acrylate-modified WCO, which encompasses epoxy waste oil methacrylate (EWOMA) and epoxy waste oil acrylate (EWOA). Subsequently, a series of WCO-based 4D-printable photocurable resins were obtained by introducing a suitable diacrylate molecule as the second monomer, coupled with a composite photoinitiator system comprising Irgacure 819 and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB). These materials were amenable to molding using an LCD light-curing 3D printer. Our findings underscored the pivotal role of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) among the array of diacrylate molecules in enhancing the mechanical properties of WCO-based 4D-printable resins. Notably, the 4D-printable material, composed of EWOA and TEGDMA in an equal mass ratio, exhibited nice mechanical strength comparable to that of mainstream petroleum-based 4D-printable materials, boasting a tensile strength of 9.17 MPa and an elongation at break of 15.39%. These figures significantly outperformed the mechanical characteristics of pure EWOA or TEGDMA resins. Furthermore, the EWOA-TEGDMA resin demonstrated impressive thermally induced shape memory performance, enabling deformation and recovery at room temperature and retaining its shape at -60 °C. This resin also demonstrated favorable biodegradability, with an 8.34% weight loss after 45 days of soil degradation. As a result, this 4D-printable photocurable resin derived from WCO holds immense potential for the creation of a wide spectrum of high-performance intelligent devices, brackets, mold, folding structures, and personalized products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shuo-Ping Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (Y.L.); (M.-Y.L.); (X.-G.F.); (P.-Y.W.)
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Leanza S, Wu S, Sun X, Qi HJ, Zhao RR. Active Materials for Functional Origami. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302066. [PMID: 37120795 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, origami has been explored to aid in the design of engineering structures. These structures span multiple scales and have been demonstrated to be used toward various areas such as aerospace, metamaterial, biomedical, robotics, and architectural applications. Conventionally, origami or deployable structures have been actuated by hands, motors, or pneumatic actuators, which can result in heavy or bulky structures. On the other hand, active materials, which reconfigure in response to external stimulus, eliminate the need for external mechanical loads and bulky actuation systems. Thus, in recent years, active materials incorporated with deployable structures have shown promise for remote actuation of light weight, programmable origami. In this review, active materials such as shape memory polymers (SMPs) and alloys (SMAs), hydrogels, liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), magnetic soft materials (MSMs), and covalent adaptable network (CAN) polymers, their actuation mechanisms, as well as how they have been utilized for active origami and where these structures are applicable is discussed. Additionally, the state-of-the-art fabrication methods to construct active origami are highlighted. The existing structural modeling strategies for origami, the constitutive models used to describe active materials, and the largest challenges and future directions for active origami research are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Leanza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shuai Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xiaohao Sun
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - H Jerry Qi
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ruike Renee Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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5
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Liu W, Sun Z, Ren H, Wen X, Wang W, Zhang T, Xiao L, Zhang G. Research Progress of Self-Healing Polymer for Ultraviolet-Curing Three-Dimensional Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4646. [PMID: 38139898 PMCID: PMC10748115 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-curing technology as a photopolymerization technology has received widespread attention due to its advantages of high efficiency, wide adaptability, and environmental friendliness. Ultraviolet-based 3D printing technology has been widely used in the printing of thermosetting materials, but the permanent covalent cross-linked networks of thermosetting materials which are used in this method make it hard to recover the damage caused by the printing process through reprocessing, which reduces the service life of the material. Therefore, introducing dynamic bonds into UV-curable polymer materials might be a brilliant choice which can enable the material to conduct self-healing, and thus meet the needs of practical applications. The present review first introduces photosensitive resins utilizing dynamic bonds, followed by a summary of various types of dynamic bonds approaches. We also analyze the advantages/disadvantages of diverse UV-curable self-healing polymers with different polymeric structures, and outline future development trends in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Liu
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (W.L.); (Z.S.); (H.R.); (L.X.)
| | - Zhe Sun
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (W.L.); (Z.S.); (H.R.); (L.X.)
| | - Hao Ren
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (W.L.); (Z.S.); (H.R.); (L.X.)
| | - Xiaomu Wen
- Science and Technology on Transient Impact Laboratory, No. 208 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries, Beijing 102202, China;
| | - Wei Wang
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology, 58 Qinghe Road, Xiangyang 441003, China; (W.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tianfu Zhang
- Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology, 58 Qinghe Road, Xiangyang 441003, China; (W.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Lei Xiao
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (W.L.); (Z.S.); (H.R.); (L.X.)
| | - Guangpu Zhang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (W.L.); (Z.S.); (H.R.); (L.X.)
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6
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Ge S, Tsao YH, Evans CM. Polymer architecture dictates multiple relaxation processes in soft networks with two orthogonal dynamic bonds. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7244. [PMID: 37945556 PMCID: PMC10636115 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Materials with tunable modulus, viscosity, and complex viscoelastic spectra are crucial in applications such as self-healing, additive manufacturing, and energy damping. It is still challenging to predictively design polymer networks with hierarchical relaxation processes, as many competing factors affect dynamics. Here, networks with both pendant and telechelic architecture are synthesized with mixed orthogonal dynamic bonds to understand how the network connectivity and bond exchange mechanisms govern the overall relaxation spectrum. A hydrogen-bonding group and a vitrimeric dynamic crosslinker are combined into the same network, and multimodal relaxation is observed in both pendant and telechelic networks. This is in stark contrast to similar networks where two dynamic bonds share the same exchange mechanism. With the incorporation of orthogonal dynamic bonds, the mixed network also demonstrates excellent damping and improved mechanical properties. In addition, two relaxation processes arise when only hydrogen-bond exchange is present, and both modes are retained in the mixed dynamic networks. This work provides molecular insights for the predictive design of hierarchical dynamics in soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Ge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Christopher M Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
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Inacker S, Schipplick L, Kahler P, Hampp N. Upgrading the Toolbox: Two-Photon Absorption Induced Cleavage of Coumarin Dimers for Light-Based 4D Printing. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300217. [PMID: 37280769 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of light for shaping and changing matter is of high relevance in polymer and material science. Herein, a photopolymer method is presented, which comprises the combination of 3D photo-printing at 405 nm light and subsequent modification under two-photon absorption (TPA) conditions at 532 nm light, adding the fourth dimension. The TPA-triggered cycloreversion reaction of an intramolecular coumarin dimer (ICD) structure occurs within the absorbing material. The 3D-printable matrix does not show any degradation under the TPA conditions. With the presented photochemical tool of TPA processes inside absorbing 3D photo-printable matrices, new possibilities for post-printing modification, e. g. for smart materials, are added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Inacker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Luca Schipplick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Kahler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Hampp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
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8
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Rylski AK, Maraliga T, Wu Y, Recker EA, Arrowood AJ, Sanoja GE, Page ZA. Digital Light Processing 3D Printing of Soft Semicrystalline Acrylates with Localized Shape Memory and Stiffness Control. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37418641 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Multimaterial three-dimensional (3D) printing of objects with spatially tunable thermomechanical properties and shape-memory behavior provides an attractive approach toward programmable "smart" plastics with applications in soft robotics and electronics. To date, digital light processing 3D printing has emerged as one of the fastest manufacturing methods that maintains high precision and resolution. Despite the common utility of semicrystalline polymers in stimuli-responsive materials, few reports exist whereby such polymers have been produced via digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. Herein, two commodity long-alkyl chain acrylates (C18, stearyl and C12, lauryl) and mixtures therefrom are systematically examined as neat resin components for DLP 3D printing of semicrystalline polymer networks. Tailoring the stearyl/lauryl acrylate ratio results in a wide breadth of thermomechanical properties, including tensile stiffness spanning three orders of magnitude and temperatures from below room temperature (2 °C) to above body temperature (50 °C). This breadth is attributed primarily to changes in the degree of crystallinity. Favorably, the relationship between resin composition and the degree of crystallinity is quadratic, making the thermomechanical properties reproducible and easily programmable. Furthermore, the shape-memory behavior of 3D-printed objects upon thermal cycling is characterized, showing good fatigue resistance and work output. Finally, multimaterial 3D-printed structures with vertical gradation in composition are demonstrated where concomitant localization of thermomechanical properties enables multistage shape-memory and strain-selective behavior. The present platform represents a promising route toward customizable actuators for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian K Rylski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tejas Maraliga
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yudian Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Recker
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Anthony J Arrowood
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Gabriel E Sanoja
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zachariah A Page
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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9
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Wang Q, Tian X, Zhang D, Zhou Y, Yan W, Li D. Programmable spatial deformation by controllable off-center freestanding 4D printing of continuous fiber reinforced liquid crystal elastomer composites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3869. [PMID: 37391425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their high deformation ability, 4D printed structures have various applications in origami structures, soft robotics and deployable mechanisms. As a material with programmable molecular chain orientation, liquid crystal elastomer is expected to produce the freestanding, bearable and deformable three-dimensional structure. However, majority of the existing 4D printing methods for liquid crystal elastomers can only fabricate planar structures, which limits their deformation designability and bearing capacity. Here we propose a direct ink writing based 4D printing method for freestanding continuous fiber reinforced composites. Continuous fibers can support freestanding structures during the printing process and improve the mechanical property and deformation ability of 4D printed structures. In this paper, the integration of 4D printed structures with fully impregnated composite interfaces, programmable deformation ability and high bearing capacity are realized by adjusting the off-center distribution of the fibers, and the printed liquid crystal composite can carry a load of up to 2805 times its own weight and achieve a bending deformation curvature of 0.33 mm-1 at 150 °C. This research is expected to open new avenues for creating soft robotics, mechanical metamaterials and artificial muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Daokang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanquan Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dichen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
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10
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Fang Z, Shi Y, Mu H, Lu R, Wu J, Xie T. 3D printing of dynamic covalent polymer network with on-demand geometric and mechanical reprogrammability. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1313. [PMID: 36899070 PMCID: PMC10006071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Delicate geometries and suitable mechanical properties are essential for device applications of polymer materials. 3D printing offers unprecedented versatility, but the geometries and mechanical properties are typically fixed after printing. Here, we report a 3D photo-printable dynamic covalent network that can undergo two independently controllable bond exchange reactions, allowing reprogramming the geometry and mechanical properties after printing. Specifically, the network is designed to contain hindered urea bonds and pendant hydroxyl groups. The homolytic exchange between hindered urea bonds allows reconfiguring the printed shape without affecting the network topology and mechanical properties. Under different conditions, the hindered urea bonds are transformed into urethane bonds via exchange reactions with hydroxyl groups, which permits tailoring of the mechanical properties. The freedom to reprogram the shape and properties in an on-demand fashion offers the opportunity to produce multiple 3D printed products from one single printing step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizheng Fang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, No. 733, Jianshe San Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P.R. China
| | - Hongfeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P.R. China
| | - Runzhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P.R. China
| | - Jingjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P.R. China. .,Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, 1 Qianhu South Road, Ningbo, 315807, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P.R. China.
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11
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Zhuo H, He Z, Liu J, Ma G, Ren Z, Zeng Y, Chen S. Bulk Polymerization of Thermoplastic Shape Memory Epoxy Polymer for Recycling Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040809. [PMID: 36850098 PMCID: PMC9965474 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional epoxy polymers are thermo-set and difficult to recycle and reuse. In this study, a series of linear thermoplastic epoxy polymers (EPx) with shape memory properties were prepared by using a bifunctional monoamine diglycolamine (DGA) as a curing agent and an equivalent amount of bifunctional rigid epoxy resin (E-51) and bifunctional flexible epoxy resin (polypropylenglycol diglycidyl ether, PPGDGE) in a bulk polymerization reaction. The results showed that these samples can fully react under the curing process of, 60 °C/2 h, followed by 80 °C/2 h, followed by 120 °C/2 h. The introduction of different contents of PPGDGE can adjust the Tg of the material to adapt to different environmental requirements, and can significantly increase the fracture strain of the material and improve its micro-phase separation structure. Thus, Rf of the material is close to 100%, and Rr is increased from 87.98% to 97.76%. Importantly, this linear chain structure allows the material to be easily recycled and reprocessed by dissolving or melting, and also means the material shows potential for 3D printing or other thermoplastic remolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhuo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhen He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guocheng Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Zhenghe Ren
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Youhan Zeng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Shaojun Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518053, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zhang C, Liao E, Li C, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Lu A, Liu Y, Geng C. 3D Printed Silicones with Shape Morphing and Low-Temperature Ultraelasticity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4549-4558. [PMID: 36642888 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
3D printed silicones have demonstrated great potential in diverse areas by combining the advantageous physiochemical properties of silicones with the unparalleled design freedom of additive manufacturing. However, their low-temperature performance, which is of particular importance for polar and space applications, has not been addressed. Herein, a 3D printed silicone foam with unprecedented low-temperature elasticity is presented, which is featured with extraordinary fatigue resistance, excellent shape recovery, and energy-absorbing capability down to a low temperature of -60 °C after extreme compression (an intensive load of over 66000 times its own weight). The foam is achieved by direct writing of a phenyl silicone-based pseudoplastic ink embedded with sodium chloride as sacrificial template. During the water immersion process to create pores in the printed filaments, a unique osmotic pressure-driven shape morphing strategy is also reported, which offers an attractive alternative to traditional 4D printed hydrogels in virtue of the favorable mechanical robustness of the silicone material. The underlying mechanisms for shape morphing and low-temperature elasticity are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Enze Liao
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Changlin Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | | | - Ai Lu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | | | - Chengzhen Geng
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
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13
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Wang Z, Gu J, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Chen J. Structurally Dynamic Gelatin-Based Hydrogels with Self-Healing, Shape Memory, and Cytocompatible Properties for 4D Printing. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:109-117. [PMID: 36461924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printable hydrogels with a shape memory effect have emerged as a new class of 4D printing materials recently and found wide applications in various fields. However, synergistically endowing such materials with good mechanical strength and biocompatibility for biomedical uses remains challenging. In this study, a series of multiresponsive hydrogels have been prepared through a dynamic covalent imine/Diels-Alder network from biocompatible starting materials of modified gelatin and poly(ethylene glycol)-based polymers. By further secondary crosslinking with a hyperbranched triethoxysilane reagent (HPASi) that contains multiple supramolecular hydrogen bonding, the hydrogels presented a strengthened self-healing and temperature-responsive shape memory effect. With the additional features of superior stretchability (elongation at break up to 523%), good cytocompatibility, and 3D printable properties, these multifunctional hydrogels showed great potential for broad biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, P. R. China
| | - Jieyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, P. R. China
| | - Difei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, P. R. China
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14
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Yang S, Chen T, Bu Z, Tuo X, Gong Y, Guo J. Thermal responsive photopolymerization
3D
printed shape memory polymers enhanced by heat transfer media. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuochen Yang
- School of Textile and Material Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Tingjun Chen
- School of Textile and Material Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Zesen Bu
- School of Textile and Material Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohang Tuo
- School of Textile and Material Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Gong
- School of Textile and Material Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Textile and Material Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian People's Republic of China
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15
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Liguori A, Subramaniyan S, Yao JG, Hakkarainen M. Photocurable extended vanillin-based resin for mechanically and chemically recyclable, self-healable and digital light processing 3D printable thermosets. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Wang Y, Yu X, Zhang H, Fan X, Zhang Y, Li Z, Miao YE, Zhang X, Liu T. Highly Stretchable, Soft, Low-Hysteresis, and Self-Healable Ionic Conductive Elastomers Enabled by Long, Functional Cross-Linkers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Haopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Xiaoshan Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Yue-E Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
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17
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Wang Y, Lv L, Ren H, Zhao Q. Thermadapt Shape Memory Polymers Enabling Spatially Regulated Plasticity. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1112-1116. [PMID: 36006777 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Converting planar polymer films into sophisticated 3D structures with a facile and effective method is highly challenging yet desirable for device applications in the real world. Dynamic covalent polymer networks enable permanent shape transformations from 2D sheets to 3D structures, but either sophisticated molecular design or a complex fabrication method is required. Here, we report a shape memory polymer cross-linked by ester bonds, which can be activated upon heating after photoexposure to release the catalyst for the transesterification. The region that is activated via the bond exchange can be patterned due to the spatial-temporal selectivity of the photoexposure. Accordingly, the material presents a localized heterogeneity in stress relaxation upon stretching. The exposed and the unexposed regions show respectively plastic deformation and elastic recovery after removal of the external force, which finally make the 2D sheet transform into a 3D structure. The decoupling of the activated region (photoexposure) and activated condition (heating) enables facile chemical design and fabrication for 2D-to-3D shape morphing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Wang
- Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315807, P. R. China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Liying Lv
- Anhui Shanfu New Material Technology Inc. Co., Ltd., Huangshan 245200, P. R. China
| | - Hua Ren
- Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315807, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhao
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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18
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Zhang Q, Bei HP, Zhao M, Dong Z, Zhao X. Shedding light on 3D printing: Printing photo-crosslinkable constructs for tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Wang Y, Cui H, Esworthy T, Mei D, Wang Y, Zhang LG. Emerging 4D Printing Strategies for Next-Generation Tissue Regeneration and Medical Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109198. [PMID: 34951494 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of 3D printing has led to considerable progress in the field of biomedical engineering. Notably, 4D printing provides a potential strategy to achieve a time-dependent physical change within tissue scaffolds or replicate the dynamic biological behaviors of native tissues for smart tissue regeneration and the fabrication of medical devices. The fabricated stimulus-responsive structures can offer dynamic, reprogrammable deformation or actuation to mimic complex physical, biochemical, and mechanical processes of native tissues. Although there is notable progress made in the development of the 4D printing approach for various biomedical applications, its more broad-scale adoption for clinical use and tissue engineering purposes is complicated by a notable limitation of printable smart materials and the simplistic nature of achievable responses possible with current sources of stimulation. In this review, the recent progress made in the field of 4D printing by discussing the various printing mechanisms that are achieved with great emphasis on smart ink mechanisms of 4D actuation, construct structural design, and printing technologies, is highlighted. Recent 4D printing studies which focus on the applications of tissue/organ regeneration and medical devices are then summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of 4D printing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronics Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Timothy Esworthy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Deqing Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronics Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronics Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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20
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Liu Y, Zhang Z, Yang K, Chen D, Li Z. Novel near-infrared light-induced shape memory nonionic waterborne polyurethane composites based on iron gallate and dynamic phenol-carbamate network. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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21
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Jarach N, Dodiuk H, Kenig S, Naveh N. Rheology—Composition relationship of vitrimers based on polyethyleneimine. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natanel Jarach
- The Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Pernick Faculty of Engineering Shenkar Engineering. Design. Art Raman‐Gan Israel
| | - Hanna Dodiuk
- The Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Pernick Faculty of Engineering Shenkar Engineering. Design. Art Raman‐Gan Israel
| | - Samuel Kenig
- The Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Pernick Faculty of Engineering Shenkar Engineering. Design. Art Raman‐Gan Israel
| | - Naum Naveh
- The Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Pernick Faculty of Engineering Shenkar Engineering. Design. Art Raman‐Gan Israel
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22
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Peng S, Sun Y, Ma C, Duan G, Liu Z, Ma C. Recent advances in dynamic covalent bond-based shape memory polymers. E-POLYMERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2022-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Dynamic covalent bond-based shape memory polymers (DCB-SMPs) are one of most important SMPs which have a wide potential application prospect. Different from common strong covalent bonds, DCBs own relatively weak bonding energy, similarly to the supramolecular interactions of noncovalent bonds, and can dynamically combine and dissociate these bonds. DCB-SMP solids, which can be designed to respond for different stimuli, can provide excellent self-healing, good reprocessability, and high mechanical performance, because DCBs can obtain dynamic cross-linking without sacrificing ultrahigh fixing rates. Furthermore, besides DCB-SMP solids, DCB-SMP hydrogels with responsiveness to various stimuli also have been developed recently, which have special biocompatible soft/wet states. Particularly, DCB-SMPs can be combined with emerging 3D-printing techniques to design various original shapes and subsequently complex shape recovery. This review has summarized recent research studies about SMPs based on various DCBs including DCB-SMP solids, DCB-SMP hydrogels, and the introduction of new 3D-printing techniques using them. Last but not least, the advantages/disadvantages of different DCB-SMPs have been analyzed via polymeric structures and the future development trends in this field have been predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University , Haikou 570228 , China
| | - Ye Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University , Haikou 570228 , China
| | - Chunming Ma
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials - Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Gaigai Duan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing , 210037 , China
| | - Zhenzhong Liu
- Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou , Taizhou 318000 , China
| | - Chunxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University , Haikou 570228 , China
- Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou , Taizhou 318000 , China
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23
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Ghazal AF, Zhang M, Mujumdar AS, Ghamry M. Progress in 4D/5D/6D printing of foods: applications and R&D opportunities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7399-7422. [PMID: 35225117 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2045896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
4D printing is a result of 3D printing of smart materials which respond to diverse stimuli to produce novel products. 4D printing has been applied successfully to many fields, e.g., engineering, medical devices, computer components, food processing, etc. The last two years have seen a significant increase in studies on 4D as well as 5D and 6D food printing. This paper reviews and summarizes current applications, benefits, limitations, and challenges of 4D food printing. In addition, the principles, current, and potential applications of the latest additive manufacturing technologies (5D and 6D printing) are reviewed and discussed. Presently, 4D food printing applications have mainly focused on achieving desirable color, shape, flavor, and nutritional properties of 3D printed materials. Moreover, it is noted that 5D and 6D printing can in principle print very complex structures with improved strength and less material than do 3D and 4D printing. In future, these new technologies are expected to result in significant innovations in all fields, including the production of high quality food products which cannot be produced with current processing technologies. The objective of this review is to identify industrial potential of 4D printing and for further innovation utilizing 5D and 6D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fathy Ghazal
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arun S Mujumdar
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald College, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Ghamry
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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24
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Yang J, Gong J, Tao L, Tang Z, Yang Z, Cao P, Wang Q, Wang T, Luo H, Zhang Y. Reconfigurable and NIR-responsive shape memory polymer containing bipheunit units and graphene. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Tang D, Zhang L, Zhang X, Xu L, Li K, Zhang A. Bio-Mimetic Actuators of a Photothermal-Responsive Vitrimer Liquid Crystal Elastomer with Robust, Self-Healing, Shape Memory, and Reconfigurable Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1929-1939. [PMID: 34964343 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soft actuators with apparent uniqueness in exhibiting complex shape morphing are highly desirable for artificial intelligence applications. However, for the majority of soft actuators, in general, it is challenging to achieve versatility, durability, and configurability simultaneously. Enormous works are devoted to meet the multifunctional smart actuators, to little effect. Herein, self-healing and bio-mimetic smart actuators are proposed based on azobenzene chromophores and dynamic disulfide bonds. Benefiting from the dynamic and drivable vitrimer liquid crystal elastomer (V-LCE) materials, a series of actuators with single or compound dynamic three-dimensional structures were fabricated, which were capable of double-stimuli response and complex "bionic" motions, such as the blooming of a flower, grasping and loosening an object, and so forth. Moreover, these flexible actuators showed fascinating properties, such as high robustness, excellent elasticity-plasticity shape-memory properties (Rf and Rr are close to 100%), easily reconfigurable property, and self-healing. This smart V-LCE provides a guideline to design and fabricate soft versatility actuators, which has prospects for developing smart bionic and artificial intelligence devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Liqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- College of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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26
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Zhang C, Lu X, Wang Z, Xia H. Progress in Utilizing Dynamic Bonds to Fabricate Structurally Adaptive Self-Healing, Shape Memory, and Liquid Crystal Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100768. [PMID: 34964192 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive structurally dynamic polymers are capable of mimicking the biological systems to adapt themselves to the surrounding environmental changes and subsequently exhibiting a wide range of responses ranging from self-healing to complex shape-morphing. Dynamic self-healing polymers (SHPs), shape-memory polymers (SMPs) and liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), which are three representative examples of stimuli-responsive structurally dynamic polymers, have been attracting broad and growing interest in recent years because of their potential applications in the fields of electronic skin, sensors, soft robots, artificial muscles, and so on. We review recent advances and challenges in the developments towards dynamic SHPs, SMPs and LCEs, focusing on the chemistry strategies and the dynamic reaction mechanisms that enhance the performances of the materials including self-healing, reprocessing and reprogramming. We compare and discuss the different dynamic chemistries and their mechanisms on the enhanced functions of the materials, where three summary tables are presented: a library of dynamic bonds and the resulting characteristics of the materials. Finally, we provide a critical outline of the unresolved issues and future perspectives on the emerging developments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hesheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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27
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Lei Y, Fu X, Jiang L, Liu Z, Lei J. Oxime - Urethane Structure-based Dynamically Crosslinked Polyurethane with Robust Reprocessing Property. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100781. [PMID: 34935237 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Crosslinked polyurethane with excellent mechanical property, solvent resistance and transparency has become one of the most widely used materials. However, the presence of chemical crosslinks makes it difficult to be reprocessed once moulded, which largely restricts its recycling and reusing, resulting in the serious waste problems. Therefore, it is of great significance to prepare a new type of crosslinked polyurethane with reprocessing function. In this work, a novel reprocessable polyurethane (DOPUs) based on reversible dibutanone oxime-carbamate bonds was facilely prepared. The gel fraction of DOPUs is all higher than 95%, endowing it with excellent solvent resistance. Meanwhile, the visible light transmittance of DOPUs can reach up to 97.48%. After four thermal recycles, the tensile strength and elongation at break of recycled DOPUs can still remain at 3.21 MPa and 219.09%, respectively. Importantly, the synthesized DOPUs exhibit excellent elastic shape memory and permanent shape reconstruction properties under thermal stimulation. The dibutanone oxime-carbamate bonds can also be degraded under UV irradiation, making this material easily degradable. Hence, this material has potential applications in coatings, elastomers and some other fields. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaowei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhimeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jingxin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Imrie
- School of Chemical Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Dodd‐Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Jianyong Jin
- School of Chemical Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Dodd‐Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies Dunedin New Zealand
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29
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Yue H, Zhou J, Huang M, Hao C, Hao R, Dong C, He S, Liu H, Liu W, Zhu C. Recyclable, reconfigurable, thermadapt shape memory polythiourethane networks with multiple dynamic bonds for recycling of carbon fiber-reinforced composites. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Alshebly YS, Nafea M, Mohamed Ali MS, Almurib HA. Review on recent advances in 4D printing of shape memory polymers. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Tan B, Kuang S, Li X, Cheng X, Duan W, Zhang J, Liu W, Fan Y. Stereotactic technology for 3D bioprinting: from the perspective of robot mechanism. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34315135 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac1846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has been widely applied in the field of biomedical engineering because of its rapidly individualized fabrication and precisely geometric designability. The emerging demand for bioprinted tissues/organs with bio-inspired anisotropic property is stimulating new bioprinting strategies. Stereotactic bioprinting is regarded as a preferable strategy for this purpose, which can perform bioprinting at the target position from any desired orientation in 3D space. In this work, based on the motion characteristics analysis of the stacked bioprinting technologies, mechanism configurations and path planning methods for robotic stereotactic bioprinting were investigated and a prototype system based on the double parallelogram mechanism was introduced in detail. Moreover, the influence of the time dimension on stereotactic bioprinting was discussed. Finally, technical challenges and future trends of stereotactic bioprinting within the field of biomedical engineering were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosen Tan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolong Kuang
- Robotics and Micro-Systems Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Applied Technology College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215325, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Duan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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Regis JE, Renteria A, Hall SE, Hassan MS, Marquez C, Lin Y. Recent Trends and Innovation in Additive Manufacturing of Soft Functional Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4521. [PMID: 34443043 PMCID: PMC8399226 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The growing demand for wearable devices, soft robotics, and tissue engineering in recent years has led to an increased effort in the field of soft materials. With the advent of personalized devices, the one-shape-fits-all manufacturing methods may soon no longer be the standard for the rapidly increasing market of soft devices. Recent findings have pushed technology and materials in the area of additive manufacturing (AM) as an alternative fabrication method for soft functional devices, taking geometrical designs and functionality to greater heights. For this reason, this review aims to highlights recent development and advances in AM processable soft materials with self-healing, shape memory, electronic, chromic or any combination of these functional properties. Furthermore, the influence of AM on the mechanical and physical properties on the functionality of these materials is expanded upon. Additionally, advances in soft devices in the fields of soft robotics, biomaterials, sensors, energy harvesters, and optoelectronics are discussed. Lastly, current challenges in AM for soft functional materials and future trends are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Eduardo Regis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (A.R.); (S.E.H.); (M.S.H.); (C.M.); (Y.L.)
- W.M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Anabel Renteria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (A.R.); (S.E.H.); (M.S.H.); (C.M.); (Y.L.)
- W.M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Samuel Ernesto Hall
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (A.R.); (S.E.H.); (M.S.H.); (C.M.); (Y.L.)
- W.M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Md Sahid Hassan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (A.R.); (S.E.H.); (M.S.H.); (C.M.); (Y.L.)
- W.M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Cory Marquez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (A.R.); (S.E.H.); (M.S.H.); (C.M.); (Y.L.)
- W.M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Yirong Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (A.R.); (S.E.H.); (M.S.H.); (C.M.); (Y.L.)
- W.M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Robinson LL, Self JL, Fusi AD, Bates MW, Read de Alaniz J, Hawker CJ, Bates CM, Sample CS. Chemical and Mechanical Tunability of 3D-Printed Dynamic Covalent Networks Based on Boronate Esters. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:857-863. [PMID: 35549203 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As the scope of additive manufacturing broadens, interest has developed in 3D-printed objects that are derived from recyclable resins with chemical and mechanical tunability. Dynamic covalent bonds have the potential to not only increase the sustainability of 3D-printed objects, but also serve as reactive sites for postprinting derivatization. In this study, we use boronate esters as a key building block for the development of catalyst-free, 3D-printing resins with the ability to undergo room-temperature exchange at the cross-linking sites. The orthogonality of boronate esters is exploited in fast-curing, oxygen-tolerant thiol-ene resins in which the dynamic character of 3D-printed objects can be modulated by the addition of a static, covalent cross-linker with no room-temperature bond exchange. This allows the mechanical properties of printed parts to be varied between those of a traditional thermoset and a vitrimer. Objects printed with a hybrid dynamic/static resin exhibit a balance of structural stability (residual stress = 18%) and rapid exchange (characteristic relaxation time = 7 s), allowing for interfacial welding and postprinting functionalization. Modulation of the cross-linking density postprinting is enabled by selective hydrolysis of the boronate esters to generate networks with swelling capacities tunable from 1.3 to 3.3.
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Zhang B, Li H, Cheng J, Ye H, Sakhaei AH, Yuan C, Rao P, Zhang YF, Chen Z, Wang R, He X, Liu J, Xiao R, Qu S, Ge Q. Mechanically Robust and UV-Curable Shape-Memory Polymers for Digital Light Processing Based 4D Printing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101298. [PMID: 33998721 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
4D printing is an emerging fabrication technology that enables 3D printed structures to change configuration over "time" in response to an environmental stimulus. Compared with other soft active materials used for 4D printing, shape-memory polymers (SMPs) have higher stiffness, and are compatible with various 3D printing technologies. Among them, ultraviolet (UV)-curable SMPs are compatible with Digital Light Processing (DLP)-based 3D printing to fabricate SMP-based structures with complex geometry and high-resolution. However, UV-curable SMPs have limitations in terms of mechanical performance, which significantly constrains their application ranges. Here, a mechanically robust and UV-curable SMP system is reported, which is highly deformable, fatigue resistant, and compatible with DLP-based 3D printing, to fabricate high-resolution (up to 2 µm), highly complex 3D structures that exhibit large shape change (up to 1240%) upon heating. More importantly, the developed SMP system exhibits excellent fatigue resistance and can be repeatedly loaded more than 10 000 times. The development of the mechanically robust and UV-curable SMPs significantly improves the mechanical performance of the SMP-based 4D printing structures, which allows them to be applied to engineering applications such as aerospace, smart furniture, and soft robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Honggeng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianxiang Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haitao Ye
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Amir Hosein Sakhaei
- School of Engineering and Digital Arts, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NT, UK
| | - Chao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ping Rao
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuan-Fang Zhang
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiangnan He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shaoxing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qi Ge
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Dehydration-triggered shape transformation of 4D printed edible gel structure affected by material property and heating mechanism. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chen S, Liu A, Wu C, Chen Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wu K, Wei D, Sun J, Zhou L, Fan H. Static-Dynamic Profited Viscoelastic Hydrogels for Motor-Clutch-Regulated Neurogenesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24463-24476. [PMID: 34024102 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Viscoelasticity, a time-scale mechanical feature of the native extracellular matrix (ECM), is reported to play crucial roles in plentiful cellular behaviors, whereas its effects on neuronal behavior and the underlying molecular mechanism still remain obscure. Challenges are faced in the biocompatible synthesis of neural ECM-mimicked scaffolds solely controlled with viscoelasticity and due to the lack of suitable models for neurons-viscoelastic matrix interaction. Herein, we report difunctional hyaluronan-collagen hydrogels prepared by a static-dynamic strategy. The hydrogels show aldehyde concentration-dependent viscoelasticity and similar initial elastic modulus, fibrillar morphology, swelling as well as degradability. Utilizing the resulting hydrogels, for the first time, we demonstrate matrix viscoelasticity-dependent neuronal responses, including neurite elongation and expression of neurogenic proteins. Then, a motor-clutch model modified with a tension dissipation component is developed to account for the molecular mechanism for viscoelasticity-sensitive neuronal responses. Moreover, we prove enhanced recovery of rat spinal cord injury by implanting cell-free viscoelastic grafts. As a pioneer finding on neurons-viscoelastic matrix interaction both in vitro and in vivo, this work provides intriguing insights not only into nerve repair but also into neuroscience and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Amin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Chengheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Yaxing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 Sichuan, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Ehrmann
- Virtual Institute of Applied Research on Advanced Materials (VIARAM) Bielefeld Germany
| | - Andrea Ehrmann
- Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences Bielefeld Germany
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38
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Shakibania S, Ghazanfari L, Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh M, Khakbiz M. Medical application of biomimetic 4D printing. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:521-534. [PMID: 33307855 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1862179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing has attracted a lot of attention in fabrication of bio medical devices and structures in recent years. 4D printing, a new class of 3D printing where time is considered as a 4th dimension, allows us to build biological structures such as scaffolds, implants, and stents with dynamic performance mimicking the body's natural tissues. In order to properly exploit the capabilities of this fabrication method, understanding and exploiting the shape memory materials is critical. These 'smart' materials are responsive to the external stimuli which eliminates the need for utilizing the sensors, and batteries. These stimuli-triggered 'smart' materials possess a dynamic behavior unlike the static scaffolds based on conventional manufacturing techniques. In this review, recent advances on application of 4D printing for manufacturing of this type of materials and other high-performance biomaterials for medical applications have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shakibania
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lida Ghazanfari
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Mehrdad Khakbiz
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Podgórski M, Huang S, Bowman CN. Additive Manufacture of Dynamic Thiol-ene Networks Incorporating Anhydride-Derived Reversible Thioester Links. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12789-12796. [PMID: 33356106 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A photoprintable dynamic thiol-ene resin was developed based on commercially available anhydride, thiol, and ene monomers. The dynamic chemistry chosen for this study relied on the thermal reversibility of the in situ generated thioester-anhydride links. The resin's rheological and curing properties were optimized to enable 3D printing using the masked stereolithography (MSLA) technique. To achieve a desirable depth of cure of 200 μm, a combination of radical photoinitiator (BAPO) and inhibitor (pyrogallol) were used at a weight ratio of 0.5 to 0.05, resulting in more than 90% thiol-ene conversion within 12 s curing time. In a series of stress relaxation and creep experiments, the dynamic reversible exchange was characterized and yielded rapid exchange rates ranging from minutes to seconds at temperatures of 80-140 °C. Little to no exchange was observed at temperatures below 60 °C. Various 3D geometries were 3D printed, and the printed objects were shown to be reconfigurable above 80 °C and depolymerizable at or above 120 °C. By deactivation of the exchange catalyst (DMAP), the stimuli responsiveness was demonstrated to be erasable, allowing for a significant shift in the actuation threshold. These highly enabling features of the dynamic chemistry open up new possibilities in the field of shape memory and 4D printable functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Podgórski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 5, Lublin 20-031, Poland
| | - Sijia Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, UCB 596, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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40
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Dong F, Qian Y, Xu X, Shaghaleh H, Guo L, Liu H, Wang S. Preparation and characterization of UV-curable waterborne polyurethane using isobornyl acrylate modified via copolymerization. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Jiang L, Tian Y, Cheng J, Zhang J. A biomass-based Schiff base vitrimer with both excellent performance and multiple degradability. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01003d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitrimers with both excellent performance and multiple degradability were obtained by curing vanillin dialdehyde monomer with triamino T403.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhou Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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Polychemotherapy with Curcumin and Doxorubicin via Biological Nanoplatforms: Enhancing Antitumor Activity. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111084. [PMID: 33187385 PMCID: PMC7697177 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a well-known chemotherapeutic agent extensively applied in the field of cancer therapy. However, similar to other chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, etoposide and oxaliplatin, cancer cells are able to obtain chemoresistance that limits DOX efficacy. In respect to dose-dependent side effect of DOX, enhancing its dosage is not recommended for effective cancer chemotherapy. Therefore, different strategies have been considered for reversing DOX resistance and diminishing its side effects. Phytochemical are potential candidates in this case due to their great pharmacological activities. Curcumin is a potential antitumor phytochemical isolated from Curcuma longa with capacity of suppressing cancer metastasis and proliferation and affecting molecular pathways. Experiments have demonstrated the potential of curcumin for inhibiting chemoresistance by downregulating oncogene pathways such as MMP-2, TGF-β, EMT, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB and AP-1. Furthermore, coadministration of curcumin and DOX potentiates apoptosis induction in cancer cells. In light of this, nanoplatforms have been employed for codelivery of curcumin and DOX. This results in promoting the bioavailability and internalization of the aforementioned active compounds in cancer cells and, consequently, enhancing their antitumor activity. Noteworthy, curcumin has been applied for reducing adverse effects of DOX on normal cells and tissues via reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. The current review highlights the anticancer mechanism, side effects and codelivery of curcumin and DOX via nanovehicles.
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Chen L, Zhu S, Toendepi I, Jiang Q, Wei Y, Qiu Y, Liu W. Reprocessable, Reworkable, and Mechanochromic Polyhexahydrotriazine Thermoset with Multiple Stimulus Responsiveness. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2375. [PMID: 33076573 PMCID: PMC7602728 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing recyclable, reworkable, and intelligent thermosetting polymers, as a long-standing challenge, is highly desirable for modern manufacturing industries. Herein, we report a polyhexahydrotriazine thermoset (PHT) prepared by a one-pot polycondensation between 4-aminophenyl disulfide and paraformaldehyde. The PHT has a glass transition temperature of 135 °C and good solvent resistance. The incorporation of dual stimuli-responsive groups (disulfide bond and hexahydrotriazine ring) endows the PHT with re-processability, re-workability, and damage monitoring function. The PHT can be repeatedly reprocessed by hot pressing, and a near 100% recovery of flexural strength is achieved. The PHT can also degrade in inorganic acid or organic thiol solutions at room temperature. The thermally reworkable test demonstrates that, after heating the PHT at 200 °C for 1 h, the residuals can be easily wiped off. Finally, the PHT exhibits a reversible mechanochromic behavior when damaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for High Performance Fiber Composites, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; (L.C.); (S.Z.); (I.T.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; (Q.J.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Siyao Zhu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for High Performance Fiber Composites, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; (L.C.); (S.Z.); (I.T.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; (Q.J.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Innocent Toendepi
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for High Performance Fiber Composites, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; (L.C.); (S.Z.); (I.T.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qiuran Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; (Q.J.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yi Wei
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for High Performance Fiber Composites, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; (L.C.); (S.Z.); (I.T.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; (Q.J.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yiping Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; (Q.J.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Wanshuang Liu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for High Performance Fiber Composites, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; (L.C.); (S.Z.); (I.T.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science &Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; (Q.J.); (Y.Q.)
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He C, Zhang M, Devahastin S. Investigation on Spontaneous Shape Change of 4D Printed Starch-Based Purees from Purple Sweet Potatoes As Induced by Microwave Dehydration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:37896-37905. [PMID: 32805972 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The time evolution of three-dimensional (3D) printed food structures as affected by their composition and postprinting stimulus is an area of research that has recently received increasing attention. In this study, the spontaneous shape change of 3D printed purple sweet potato purees of different formulations as triggered by microwave dehydration was investigated. The rheological properties, water distribution behavior, and dielectric properties of the purees were first studied. Addition of salt reduced the viscosity, storage modulus, loss modulus, and yield stress but increased the relaxation time of the purees. Addition of fructose syrup resulted in opposite results. Addition of both salt and syrup decreased the dielectric constant but increased the dielectric loss of the purees. Increased microwave power and salt content increased the rates of dehydration and deformation but decreased the maximum deformation degree of the printed samples. The syrup also decreased the maximum deformation degree. A desirable deformation pattern could also be achieved by manipulating the infill parameters. Transformation of two-dimensional planar flowers and butterflies into 3D configurations as a result of varying the aforementioned parameters is illustrated. The proposed technique to induce spontaneous shape change of a 3D printed starch-based product should lay a foundation for further application of four-dimensional food printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sakamon Devahastin
- Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha u-tid Road, 10140 Bangkok, Thailand
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Eugenol-derived reconfigurable high-performance epoxy resin for self-deployable smart 3D structures. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Xiao R, Huang WM. Heating/Solvent Responsive Shape-Memory Polymers for Implant Biomedical Devices in Minimally Invasive Surgery: Current Status and Challenge. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000108. [PMID: 32567193 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review is about the fundamentals and practical issues in applying both heating and solvent responsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) for implant biomedical devices via minimally invasive surgery. After revealing the general requirements in the design of biomedical devices based on SMPs and the fundamentals for the shape-memory effect in SMPs, the underlying mechanisms, characterization methods, and several representative biomedical applications, including vascular stents, tissue scaffolds, occlusion devices, drug delivery systems, and the current R&D status of them, are discussed. The new opportunities arising from emerging technologies, such as 3D printing, and new materials, such as vitrimer, are also highlighted. Finally, the major challenge that limits the practical clinical applications of SMPs at present is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wei Min Huang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Zhang H, Wang D, Wu N, Li C, Zhu C, Zhao N, Xu J. Recyclable, Self-Healing, Thermadapt Triple-Shape Memory Polymers Based on Dual Dynamic Bonds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9833-9841. [PMID: 31989812 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating a single polymer network with a combination of a multi-shape memory effect (multiple-SME), solid-state plasticity, recyclability and self-healing behavior remains a challenge. We designed imine bond and ionic hydrogen bond dual cross-linked polybutadiene (PB) networks. The resulting PB networks showed a triple-shape memory effect, where imine bonds could be used to fix the permanent shape and ionic hydrogen bonds and glass transition acted as the transition segments for fixing/releasing the temporary shapes. Additionally, the dual dynamic bonds offered PB networks outstanding solid-state plasticity, recyclability and self-healing behavior. This strategy provides some insights for preparing shape memory polymers integrating multiple-SME and multi-functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Ningning Wu
- Center for Physicochemical Analysis and Measurement, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Cuihua Li
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , China
| | - Caizhen Zhu
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518060 , China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
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Peng S, Li Y, Wu L, Zhong J, Weng Z, Zheng L, Yang Z, Miao JT. 3D Printing Mechanically Robust and Transparent Polyurethane Elastomers for Stretchable Electronic Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6479-6488. [PMID: 31927985 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advanced stretchable electronic sensors with a complex structure place higher requirements on the mechanical properties and manufacturing process of the stretchable substrate materials. Herein, three kinds of polyurethane acrylate oligomers were synthesized successfully and mixed with a commercial acrylate monomer (isobornyl acrylate) to prepare photocurable resins with a low viscosity for a digital light processing three-dimensional (3D) printer without custom equipment. Results showed that the resin containing poly(tetrahydrofuran) units (PPTMGA-40) exhibited optimal mechanical properties and shape recoverability. The tensile strength and elongation at break of PPTMGA-40 were 15.7 MPa and 414.3%, respectively. The unprecedented fatigue resistance of PPTMGA-40 allowed it to withstand 100 compression cycles at 80% strain without fracture. The transmittance of PPTMGA-40 reached 89.4% at 550 nm, showing high transparency. An ionic hydrogel was coated on the surface of 3D-printed structures to fabricate stretchable sensors, and their conductivity, transparency, and mechanical performance were characterized. A robust piezoresistive strain sensor with a high strength (∼6 MPa) and a wearable finger guard sensor were fabricated, demonstrating that this hydrogel-elastomer system can meet the requirements of applications for advanced stretchable electronic sensors and expand the usage scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuewei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zixiang Weng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Longhui Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Tao Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , People's Republic of China
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