1
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Bari MA, Elsherbeni SA, Maqbool T, Latham DE, Gushlow EB, Harper EJ, Morrill LC. Iron-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Allylic Alcohols with Isopropanol. J Org Chem 2024; 89:14571-14576. [PMID: 39320102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report an iron-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of allylic alcohols. The operationally simple protocol employs a well-defined bench stable (cyclopentadienone)iron(0) carbonyl complex as a precatalyst in combination with K2CO3 (4 mol %) and isopropanol as the hydrogen donor. A diverse range of allylic alcohols undergo transfer hydrogenation to form the corresponding alcohols in good yields (33 examples, ≤83% isolated yield). The scope and limitations of the method have been investigated, and experiments that shed light on the reaction mechanism have been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Bari
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Salma A Elsherbeni
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Daniel E Latham
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Edward B Gushlow
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J Harper
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Louis C Morrill
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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2
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Yang J, Tian M, Chang J, Liu B. One-pot transfer hydrogenation and reductive amination of polyenals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39363686 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc04071f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
The efficient preparation of long-chain amines via a one-step transfer-hydrogenation/reductive-amination reaction (THRA) of polyenals has been achieved. This strategy, which combines transfer hydrogenation and reductive amination, significantly enhances the synthetic efficiency of amino compounds. Additionally, this protocol offers a practical method for carbon-chain elongation/amination to construct long-chain amino compounds. The reaction system exhibits remarkable versatility in substrate scope using a non-noble ruthenium catalyst with formate and isopropanol as hydrogen sources, making it an appealing method for drug synthesis and molecular modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Junbiao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Bingxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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3
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Danopoulou M, Zorba LP, Karantoni AP, Tzeli D, Vougioukalakis GC. Copper-Catalyzed α-Alkylation of Aryl Acetonitriles with Benzyl Alcohols. J Org Chem 2024; 89:14242-14254. [PMID: 39292689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
A highly efficient, in situ formed CuCl2/TMEDA catalytic system (TMEDA = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylene-diamine) for the cross-coupling reaction of aryl acetonitriles with benzyl alcohols is reported. This user-friendly protocol, employing a low catalyst loading and a catalytic amount of base, leads to the synthesis of α-alkylated nitriles in up to 99% yield. Experimental mechanistic investigations reveal that the key step of this transformation is the C(sp3)-H functionalization of the alcohol, taking place via a hydrogen atom abstraction, with the simultaneous formation of copper-hydride species. Detailed density functional theory studies shed light on all reaction steps, confirming the catalytic pathway proposed on the basis of the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Danopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Leandros P Zorba
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia P Karantoni
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Demeter Tzeli
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Vas. Constantinou, 48, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios C Vougioukalakis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
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4
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Cattaneo M, Gallmeier ET, Abate PO, Mercado BQ, Mayer JM. Tuning Energetics of 2 e -/2H + PCET Properties with Model Ru-bisamido Complexes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401308. [PMID: 38997795 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Most redox processes that break/form bonds involve net 2e- changes, and many are coupled to protons. Yet most proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) studies focus on 1e-/1H+ reactions. Reported here is a family of molecular models that undergo tunable 2e-/2H+ redox changes. Complexes [(X2bpy)RuII(en*)2](PF6)2 and [(X2bpy)RuIV(en*-H)2](PF6)2 have been synthesized with bpy=2,2'-bipyridine with 4,4'-subtitutions X=-NMe2, -OMe, -Me, -H, -CF3; and en*=2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediamine. They have been characterized by IR, UV-vis, and NMR spectroscopies, XRD, electrochemistry, mass spectrometry, DFT and (TD)DFT computations. The introduction of electron-withdrawing and donating groups at the 4,4'-position of the bpy ligand affects the complexes' redox potentials, pKa's, and Bond Dissociation Free Energies (BDFEs) of the N-H bonds in the en* ligands. The average BDFEs for the overall 2e-/2H+ PCET span over 5 kcal/mol. Notably, these complexes all show marked potential inversion over an extended range, ΔpKa>25 units and ΔE0>1.4 V. Potential inversion remains despite the electronic influence of bpy's substitutions which regulate N-H properties several bonds apart by trans-effect over dπ-molecular orbitals at the Ru center. The experimental and computational results presented in this work support the presence of strong coupling between electrons and protons, for modelling insights of 2e-/2H+ transfer reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Cattaneo
- INQUINOA (CONICET-UNT), Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Instituto de Química Física, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471 (4000), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, United States
| | - Elisabeth T Gallmeier
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, United States
| | - Pedro O Abate
- INQUINOA (CONICET-UNT), Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Instituto de Química Física, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471 (4000), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, United States
| | - James M Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, United States
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5
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Fan J, Gao J, Zhou Y, Zhao XJ, Li G, He Y. Electrochemical Dimerization of o-Aminophenols and Hydrogen Borrowing-like Cascade to Synthesize N-Monoalkylated Aminophenoxazinones via Paired Electrolysis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:13071-13076. [PMID: 39254633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
A novel electrocatalytic dimerization of o-aminphenols and a hydrogen borrowing-like cascade for synthesizing N-monoalkylated aminophenoxazinones have been developed. This electrocatalytic reaction uses a constant current mode in an undivided cell and is free of metal catalysis, open to the air, and eco-friendly. In particular, this protocol exhibits a wide substrate range and provides versatile N-monoalkylated aminophenoxazinones in medium to good yields. The results of our mechanistic research reveal that this protocol involves a cascade of electrochemical cyclocondensation of o-aminphenols and the hydrogen transfer process via paired electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ganpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yonghui He
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
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6
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Lainer B, Li S, Mammadova F, Dydio P. A Merger of Relay Catalysis with Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Enables Enantioselective β-C(sp 3)-H Arylation of Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408418. [PMID: 38800865 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The conceptual merger of relay catalysis with dynamic kinetic resolution strategy is reported to enable regio- and enantioselective C(sp3)-H bond arylation of aliphatic alcohols, forming enantioenriched β-aryl alcohols typically with >90 : 10 enantiomeric ratios (up to 98 : 2 er) and 36-74 % yields. The starting materials bearing neighbouring stereogenic centres can be converted to either diastereomer of the β-aryl alcohol products, with >85 : 15 diastereomeric ratios determined by the catalysts. The reactions occur under mild conditions, ensuring broad compatibility, and involve readily available aryl bromides, an inorganic base, and commercial Ru- and Pd-complexes. Mechanistic experiments support the envisioned mechanism of the transformation occurring through a network of regio- and stereoselective processes operated by a coherent Ru/Pd-dual catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lainer
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Shuailong Li
- University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Flora Mammadova
- University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paweł Dydio
- University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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7
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Saha R, Hembram BC, Panda S, Ghosh R, Bagh B. Iron-Catalyzed sp 3 C-H Alkylation of Fluorene with Primary and Secondary Alcohols: A Borrowing Hydrogen Approach. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39175426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of earth-abundant, cheap, and nontoxic transition metals in important catalytic transformations is essential for sustainable development, and iron has gained significant attention as the most abundant transition metal. A mixture of FeCl2 (3 mol %), phenanthroline (6 mol %), and KOtBu (0.4 eqivalent) was used as an effective catalyst for the sp3 C-H alkylation of fluorene using alcohol as a nonhazardous alkylating partner, and eco-friendly water was formed as the only byproduct. The substrate scope includes a wide range of substituted fluorenes and substituted benzyl alcohols. The reaction is equally effective with challenging secondary alcohols and unactivated aliphatic alcohols. Selective mono-C9-alkylation of fluorenes with alcohols yielded the corresponding products in good isolated yields. Various postfunctionalizations of C-9 alkylated fluorene products were performed to establish the practical utility of this catalytic alkylation. Control experiments suggested a homogeneous reaction path involving borrowing hydrogen mechanism with the formation and subsequent reduction of 9-alkylidene fluorene intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Saha
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, PIN 752050, India
| | - Bhairab Chand Hembram
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, PIN 752050, India
| | - Surajit Panda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, PIN 752050, India
| | - Rahul Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, PIN 752050, India
| | - Bidraha Bagh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, PIN 752050, India
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8
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Lu Y, Zhu M, Chen S, Yao J, Li T, Wang X, Tang C. Single-Atom Fe-Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling to Quinolines. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23338-23347. [PMID: 39105742 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
A single-atom iron catalyst was found to exhibit exceptional reactivity in acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling for quinoline synthesis, outperforming known homogeneous and nanocatalyst systems. Detailed characterizations, including aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM, XANES, and EXAFS, jointly confirmed the presence of atomically dispersed iron centers. Various functionalized quinolines were efficiently synthesized from different amino alcohols and a range of ketones or alcohols. The iron single-atom catalyst achieved a turnover number (TON) of up to 105, far exceeding the results of current homogeneous and nanocatalyst systems. Detailed mechanistic studies verified the significance of single-atom Fe sites in the dehydrogenation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanze Lu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Sanxia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiewen Yao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Advanced Science Facilities, Shenzhen (IASF), No. 268 Zhenyuan Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Conghui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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9
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Yu K, Nie Q, Chen Q, Liu W. Manganese-catalyzed cyclopropanation of allylic alcohols with sulfones. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6798. [PMID: 39122745 PMCID: PMC11315923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclopropanes are among the most important structural units in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Herein, we report a manganese-catalyzed cyclopropanation of allylic alcohols with sulfones as carbene alternative precursors via a borrowing hydrogen strategy under mild conditions. Various allylic alcohols and arylmethyl trifluoromethyl sulfones work efficiently in this borrowing hydrogen transformation and thereby deliver the corresponding cyclopropylmethanol products in 58% to 99% yields. Importantly, a major benefit of this transformation is that the versatile free alcohol moiety is retained in the resultant products, which can undergo a wide range of downstream transformations to provide access to a series of functional molecules. Mechanistic studies support a sequential reaction mechanism that involves catalytic dehydrogenation, Michael addition, cyclization, and catalytic hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qin Nie
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qianjin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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10
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Saha R, Hembram BC, Panda S, Jana NC, Bagh B. Iron- and base-catalyzed C(α)-alkylation and one-pot sequential alkylation-hydroxylation of oxindoles with secondary alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6321-6330. [PMID: 39039931 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00957f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of economical and environmentally benign transition metals in crucial catalytic processes is pivotal for sustainable advancement in synthetic organic chemistry. Iron, as the most abundant transition metal in the Earth's crust, has gained significant attention for this purpose. A combination of FeCl2 (5 mol%) in the presence of phenanthroline (10 mol%) and NaOtBu (1.5 equivalent) proved effective for the C(α)-alkylation of oxindole, employing challenging secondary alcohol as a non-hazardous alkylating agent. The C(α)-alkylation of oxindole was optimized in green solvent or under neat conditions. The substrate scope encompasses a broad array of substituted oxindoles with various secondary alcohols. Further post-functionalization of the C(α)-alkylated oxindole products demonstrated the practical utility of this catalytic alkylation. One-pot C-H hydroxylation of alkylated oxindoles yielded 3-alkyl-3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles using air as the most sustainable oxidant. Low E-factors (3.61 to 4.19) and good Eco-scale scores (74 to 76) of these sustainable catalytic protocols for the alkylation and one-pot sequential alkylation-hydroxylation of oxindoles demonstrated minimum waste generation. Plausible catalytic paths are proposed on the basis of past reports and control experiments, which suggested that a borrowing hydrogen pathway is involved in this alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Saha
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, PIN 752050, India.
| | - Bhairab Chand Hembram
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, PIN 752050, India.
| | - Surajit Panda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, PIN 752050, India.
| | - Narayan Ch Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, PIN 752050, India.
| | - Bidraha Bagh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, PIN 752050, India.
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11
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Brodie CN, Goodfellow AS, Andrews MJ, Owen AE, Bühl M, Kumar A. Direct synthesis of partially ethoxylated branched polyethylenimine from ethanolamine. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6253. [PMID: 39048574 PMCID: PMC11269587 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We report here a method to make a branched and partially ethoxylated polyethyleneimine derivative directly from ethanolamine. The polymerization reaction is catalysed by a pincer complex of Earth-abundant metal, manganese, and produces water as the only byproduct. Industrial processes to produce polyethyleneimines involve the transformation of ethanolamine to a highly toxic chemical, aziridine, by an energy-intensive/waste-generating process followed by the ring-opening polymerization of aziridine. The reported method bypasses the need to produce a highly toxic intermediate and presents advantages over the current state-of-the-art. We propose that the polymerization process follows a hydrogen borrowing pathway that involves (a) dehydrogenation of ethanolamine to form 2-aminoacetaldehyde, (b) dehydrative coupling of 2-aminoacetaldehyde with ethanolamine to form an imine derivative, and (c) subsequent hydrogenation of imine derivative to form alkylated amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire N Brodie
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alister S Goodfellow
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Matthew J Andrews
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Aniekan E Owen
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Michael Bühl
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Amit Kumar
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
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12
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Kulyabin P, Magdysyuk OV, Naden AB, Dawson DM, Pancholi K, Walker M, Vassalli M, Kumar A. Manganese-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polyketones Using Hydrogen-Borrowing Approach. ACS Catal 2024; 14:10624-10634. [PMID: 39050896 PMCID: PMC11264210 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
We report here a method of making polyketones from the coupling of diketones and diols using a manganese pincer complex. The methodology allows us to access various polyketones (polyarylalkylketone) containing aryl, alkyl, and ether functionalities, bridging the gap between the two classes of commercially available polyketones: aliphatic polyketones and polyaryletherketones. Using this methodology, 12 polyketones have been synthesized and characterized using various analytical techniques to understand their chemical, physical, morphological, and mechanical properties. Based on previous reports and our studies, we suggest that the polymerization occurs via a hydrogen-borrowing mechanism that involves the dehydrogenation of diols to dialdehyde followed by aldol condensation of dialdehyde with diketones to form chalcone derivatives and their subsequent hydrogenation to form polyarylalkylketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel
S. Kulyabin
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Oxana V. Magdysyuk
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Aaron B. Naden
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Daniel M. Dawson
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Ketan Pancholi
- The
Sir Ian Wood Building, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Rd, Garthdee, Aberdeen AB10 7GE, U.K.
| | - Matthew Walker
- Centre
for the Cellular Microenvironment, Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G116EW, U.K.
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- James
Watt School of Engineering, University of
Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Amit Kumar
- EaStCHEM,
School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K.
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13
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Alexandridis A, Rancon T, Halliday A, Kochem A, Quintard A. Iron- and Organo-Catalyzed Borrowing Hydrogen for the Stereoselective Construction of Tetrahydropyrans. Org Lett 2024; 26:5788-5793. [PMID: 38935856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Stereocontrolled oxa-Michael additions are challenging, given the high reversibility of the process, which ultimately leads to racemization of the newly formed stereocenters. When iron-catalyzed borrowing hydrogen from allylic alcohols was combined with a stereocontrolled organocatalytic oxa-Michael addition, a wide array of chiral tetrahydropyrans were efficiently prepared. The reaction could be performed in a diastereoselective manner from pre-existing stereocenters or enantioselectively from achiral substrates. The key to success was the reactivity of the iron complex, which was selective for allylic alcohol dehydrogenation and irreversibly led the reaction to the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thibault Rancon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Amélie Kochem
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, LCBM (UMR 5249), F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Adrien Quintard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France
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14
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Xia Q, Miao Y, Hu Y, Xie Y, Luo J. Copper-Catalyzed Borrowing Hydrogen Reaction for α-Alkylation of Amides with Alcohols. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9654-9660. [PMID: 38900965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
We report the first example of copper-catalyzed α-alkylation of acetamides with alcohols via a borrowing hydrogen strategy. Catalyzed by the in situ-generated copper particles, acetamides and various substituted benzyl or alkyl alcohols were transformed into functionalized amides in good yields with excellent selectivity. Compared with previous work, this process is simple using commercially available Cu(OAc)2 as a precatalyst, without an additional ligand or a metal complex, and easier. Mechanistic studies revealed that aldehyde and α,β-unsaturated amides were the intermediates of this reaction and also disclosed the role of copper in alcohol dehydrogenation and C═C bond hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Xia
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Application, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yinjun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Junfei Luo
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Clinical Application, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
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15
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Yang HR, Cheng X, Chang X, Wang ZF, Dong XQ, Wang CJ. Copper/ruthenium relay catalysis enables 1,6-double chiral inductions with stereodivergence. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10135-10145. [PMID: 38966363 PMCID: PMC11220595 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01804d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The dual catalysis strategy is an efficient and powerful tool to fulfill the stereodivergent synthesis of stereoisomeric products from the same set of starting materials. Great attention has been given to the construction of chiral compounds with two contiguous stereocenters. However, the synthesis of two remote noncontiguous stereocenters is more challenging and is less developed, despite the high demand for synthetic tactics. We herein developed an unprecedented example of the stereodivergent preparation of synthetically useful and biologically important chiral ζ-hydroxy amino ester derivatives containing remote 1,6-noncontiguous stereocenters and a unique β,γ-unsaturation moiety. This cascade dehydrogenation/1,6-Michael addition/hydrogenation protocol between readily-available ketoimine esters and racemic branched dienyl carbinols was rationally realized with bimetallic copper/ruthenium relay catalysis. The key features of the process were atom economy, step economy, and redox-neutrality. All four stereoisomers of chiral ζ-hydroxy amino ester derivatives were easily achieved by the orthogonal permutations of a chiral copper catalyst and chiral ruthenium catalyst. Importantly, a much more challenging stereodivergent synthesis of all eight stereoisomers of chiral peptide products containing three remote stereocenters was accomplished with excellent results through the cooperation of two chiral catalyst pairs and substrate enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Xin Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Zuo-Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Qin Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 230021 China
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16
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Jones BT, Maulide N. Lewis Acid-Driven Inverse Hydride Shuttle Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320001. [PMID: 38551113 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Inverse hydride shuttle catalysis provides a multicomponent platform for the highly efficient synthesis of alkaloid frameworks with exquisite diastereoselectivity. However, a number of limitations hinder this method, primarily the strict requirement for highly electron-deficient acceptors. Herein, we present a general Lewis acid-driven approach to address this constraint, and have developed two broad strategies enabling the modular synthesis of complex azabicycles that were entirely unattainable using the previous method. The enhanced synthetic flexibility facilitates a streamlined asymmetric cyclization, leading to a concise total synthesis of the alkaloid (-)-tashiromine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Jones
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Chandra A, Basu P, Raha S, Dhibar P, Bhattacharya S. Development of ruthenium complexes with S-donor ligands for application in synthesis, catalytic acceptorless alcohol dehydrogenation and crossed-aldol condensation. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10675-10685. [PMID: 38860941 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00985a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The reaction of [Ru(dmso)4Cl2] with a potassium salt of four xanthate (RO-C(S)S-; R = Me, Et, iPr and tBu) ligands (depicted as Ln; n = 1-4) in hot methanol afforded a group of mixed-ligand complexes of type [Ru(Ln)2(dmso)2]. The crystal structures of all the four complexes have been determined, which show that the xanthate ligands are bound to the metal center forming four-membered chelates and dmso is coordinated through sulfur and they are mutually cis. The relative thermodynamic stability of this cis and the other possible trans-isomers of these complexes has been assessed with the help of DFT calculations, which have revealed that the cis-isomer is the more stable isomer. The coordinated dmso in the [Ru(Ln)2(dmso)2] complexes could be easily displaced by chelating bidentate ligands (depicted as L') to furnish complexes of type [Ru(Ln)2(L')], as demonstrated through isolation of two such complexes, viz. [Ru(L3)2(bpy)] and [Ru(L2)2(phen)] (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). The crystal structure of [Ru(L3)2(bpy)] has been determined and the structure of [Ru(L2)2(phen)] has been optimized by the DFT method. The electronic spectra of the four [Ru(Ln)2(dmso)2] complexes and the two derivatives ([Ru(Ln)2(L')]; n = 3, L' = bpy; n = 2, L' = phen), recorded in dichloromethane solutions, show intense absorptions spanning the visible and ultraviolet regions, which have been analyzed by the TDDFT method. The [Ru(Ln)2(dmso)2] complexes are found to serve as efficient catalyst precursors for the acceptorless dehydrogenation of 2-propanol followed by crossed-aldol condensation with substituted benzaldehydes (and related aldehydes), using tert-butoxide as the co-catalyst, producing dibenzylideneacetone derivatives in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushri Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata - 700032, India.
| | - Pousali Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata - 700032, India.
| | - Shreya Raha
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata - 700032, India.
| | - Papu Dhibar
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata - 700032, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Brainware University, Kolkata 700 125, India
| | - Samaresh Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata - 700032, India.
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18
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Bai M, Zhang S, Lin Z, Hao Z, Han Z, Lu GL, Lin J. Ruthenium Complexes with NNN-Pincer Ligands for N-Methylation of Amines Using Methanol. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11821-11831. [PMID: 38848310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
A series of ruthenium complexes (Ru1-Ru4) bearing new NNN-pincer ligands were synthesized in 58-78% yields. All of the complexes are air and moisture stable and were characterized by IR, NMR, and high-resolution mass spectra (HRMS). In addition, the structures of Ru1-Ru3 were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. These Ru(II) complexes exhibited high catalytic efficiency and broad functional group tolerance in the N-methylation reaction of amines using CH3OH as both the C1 source and solvent. Experimental results indicated that the electronic effect of the substituents on the ligands considerably affects the catalytic reactivity of the complexes in which Ru3 bearing an electron-donating OMe group showed the highest activity. Deuterium labeling and control experiments suggested that the dehydrogenation of methanol to generate ruthenium hydride species was the rate-determining step in the reaction. Furthermore, this protocol also provided a ready approach to versatile trideuterated N-methylamines under mild conditions using CD3OD as a deuterated methylating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Bai
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Energy Conversion Materials and Devices, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Shengxin Zhang
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Energy Conversion Materials and Devices, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhengguo Lin
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Energy Conversion Materials and Devices, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hao
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Energy Conversion Materials and Devices, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhangang Han
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Energy Conversion Materials and Devices, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Guo-Liang Lu
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019,Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jin Lin
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Energy Conversion Materials and Devices, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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19
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Concha-Puelles M, Torres-González S, Robles-Henríquez R, Lühr S. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Selective Mono N-Ethylation of Arylamines and Tandem Reduction/ N-Ethylation of Nitroarenes Using Triethylamine and Formic Acid. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8773-8781. [PMID: 38822797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The mono N-alkylation of arylamines using alkylamines as alkyl group donors has been scarcely investigated. In this work, we report the mono N-alkylation of several arylamines (52-95%) catalyzed by the complex ruthenium-triphos in the presence of Al(OTf)3. Moreover, the highly reductant ability of the catalyst system allows the tandem reduction/N-alkylation of nitrobenzenes in good yields (up to 80%). In addition, the catalyst can be recycled after three reaction cycles without loss of catalyst activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- MatíAs Concha-Puelles
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 775000, Chile
| | - Simón Torres-González
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 775000, Chile
| | - Ramiro Robles-Henríquez
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 775000, Chile
| | - Susan Lühr
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 775000, Chile
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20
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Bailey EP, Donohoe TJ, Smith MD. Functional group tolerant hydrogen borrowing C-alkylation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5131. [PMID: 38879563 PMCID: PMC11180204 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen borrowing is an attractive and sustainable strategy for carbon-carbon bond formation that enables alcohols to be used as alkylating reagents in place of alkyl halides. However, despite intensive efforts, limited functional group tolerance is observed in this methodology, which we hypothesize is due to the high temperatures and harsh basic conditions often employed. Here we demonstrate that room temperature and functional group tolerant hydrogen borrowing can be achieved with a simple iridium catalyst in the presence of substoichiometric base without an excess of reagents. Achieving high yields necessitates the application of anaerobic conditions to counteract the oxygen sensitivity of the catalytic iridium hydride intermediate, which otherwise leads to catalyst degradation. Substrates containing heteroatoms capable of complexing the catalyst exhibit limited room temperature reactivity, but the application of moderately higher temperatures enables extension to a broad range of medicinally relevant nitrogen rich heterocycles. These newly developed conditions allow alcohols possessing functional groups that were previously incompatible with hydrogen borrowing reactions to be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot P Bailey
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Martin D Smith
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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21
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Mahato J, Bera PS, Saha TK. Synthesis of imines from the coupling reaction of alcohols and amines catalyzed by phosphine-free cobalt(II) complexes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4528-4535. [PMID: 38752768 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00351a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Phosphine-free, air stable cobalt(II) based complexes (1a and 1b) consisting of ligands L1H2 and L2H2 (L1H2 = N,N'-((1,2-phenylenebis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))diphenol and L2H2 = N,N'-bis(4-diethylaminosalicylidene)-4,5-dichloro-1,2-phenylenediamine) were synthesized and utilized as catalysts in the coupling reaction of alcohols with amines into imines following an acceptorless dehydrogenative pathway. The reactions were carried out in the presence of t-BuOK base with low catalyst loading (1 mol%) in an open atmosphere. The corresponding imines were isolated in moderate to excellent yields. The methodology was screened with different substituted alcohols and amines. The proposed mechanistic pathway of this reaction was ascertained through intermediate mass and 1H NMR analyses. Most of the previously reported 3d transition metal catalysts used in imine synthesis reactions have a phosphine ligand environment, and the reactions were performed under inert conditions. Herein we have developed a sustainable route for the synthesis of imines from the coupling reaction of alcohols with amines under aerial reaction conditions using phosphine-free air stable cobalt catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jharna Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India.
| | - Partha Sarathi Bera
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India.
| | - Tanmoy Kumar Saha
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India.
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22
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Ansari MF, Maurya AK, Kumar A, Elangovan S. Manganese-catalyzed C-C and C-N bond formation with alcohols via borrowing hydrogen or hydrogen auto-transfer. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1111-1166. [PMID: 38887586 PMCID: PMC11181258 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal-mediated "borrowing hydrogen" also known as hydrogen auto-transfer reactions allow the sustainable construction of C-C and C-N bonds using alcohols as hydrogen donors. In recent years, manganese complexes have been explored as efficient catalysts in these reactions. This review highlights the significant progress made in manganese-catalyzed C-C and C-N bond-formation reactions via hydrogen auto-transfer, emphasizing the importance of this methodology and manganese catalysts in sustainable synthesis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Farhan Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Atul Kumar Maurya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Saravanakumar Elangovan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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23
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Kumar Chaudhary V, Kukreti P, Sharma K, Kumar K, Singh S, Kumari S, Ghosh K. A sustainable strategic approach for N-alkylation of amines with activation of alcohols triggered via a hydrogen auto-transfer reaction using a Pd(II) complex: evidence for metal-ligand cooperativity. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8740-8749. [PMID: 38712566 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00864b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
This work describes a new well-defined, air-stable, phosphine free palladium(II) [Pd(L)Cl] (1) catalyst. This catalyst was utilized for N-alkylation of amines and indole synthesis where H2O was found to be the by-product. A broad range of aromatic amines were alkylated using this homogeneous catalyst with a catalyst loading of 0.1 mol%. Greener aromatic and aliphatic primary alcohols were utilized and a hydrogen auto-transfer strategy via a metal-ligand cooperative approach was investigated. The precursor of the antihistamine-containing drug molecule tripelennamine was synthesized on a gram scale for large-scale applicability of the current synthetic methodology. A number of control experiments were performed to investigate the possible reaction pathway and the outcomes of these experiments indicated the azo-chromophore as a hydrogen reservoir during the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Prashant Kukreti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Keshav Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Kapil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sain Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sheela Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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24
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Cook A, Newman SG. Alcohols as Substrates in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Arylation, Alkylation, and Related Reactions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6078-6144. [PMID: 38630862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Alcohols are abundant and attractive feedstock molecules for organic synthesis. Many methods for their functionalization require them to first be converted into a more activated derivative, while recent years have seen a vast increase in the number of complexity-building transformations that directly harness unprotected alcohols. This Review discusses how transition metal catalysis can be used toward this goal. These transformations are broadly classified into three categories. Deoxygenative functionalizations, representing derivatization of the C-O bond, enable the alcohol to act as a leaving group toward the formation of new C-C bonds. Etherifications, characterized by derivatization of the O-H bond, represent classical reactivity that has been modernized to include mild reaction conditions, diverse reaction partners, and high selectivities. Lastly, chain functionalization reactions are described, wherein the alcohol group acts as a mediator in formal C-H functionalization reactions of the alkyl backbone. Each of these three classes of transformation will be discussed in context of intermolecular arylation, alkylation, and related reactions, illustrating how catalysis can enable alcohols to be directly harnessed for organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cook
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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25
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Templ J, Schnürch M. A Guide for Mono-Selective N-Methylation, N-Ethylation, and N-n-Propylation of Primary Amines, Amides, and Sulfonamides and Their Applicability in Late-Stage Modification. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304205. [PMID: 38353032 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of mono-alkylation methodologies targeting crucial nitrogen moieties - amines, amides, and sulfonamides - found in organic building blocks and pharmaceuticals. Emphasizing the intersection of chemical precision with drug discovery, the central challenge addressed is achieving one-pot mono-selective short-chain N-alkylations (methylations, ethylations, and n-propylations), preventing undesired overalkylation. Additionally, sustainable, safe, and benign alternatives to traditional alkylating agents, including alcohols, carbon dioxide, carboxylic acids, nitriles, alkyl phosphates, quaternary ammonium salts, and alkyl carbonates, are explored. This review, categorized by the nature of the alkylating agent, aids researchers in selecting suitable methods for mono-selective N-alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Templ
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Wootton JM, Tam JKF, Unsworth WP. Cascade ring expansion reactions for the synthesis of medium-sized rings and macrocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4999-5009. [PMID: 38655659 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01303d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This Feature Article discusses recent advances in the development of cascade ring expansion reactions for the synthesis of medium-sized rings and macrocycles. Cascade ring expansion reactions have much potential for use in the synthesis of biologically important medium-sized rings and macrocycles, most notably as they don't require high dilution conditions, which are commonly used in established end-to-end macrocyclisation methods. Operation by cascade ring expansion method can allow large ring products to be accessed via rearrangements that proceed exclusively by normal-sized ring cyclisation steps. Ensuring that there is adequate thermodynamic driving force for ring expansion is a key challenge when designing such methods, especially for the expansion of normal-sized rings into medium-sized rings. This Article is predominantly focused on methods developed in our own laboratory, with selected works by other groups also discussed. Thermodynamic considerations, mechanism, reaction design, route planning and future perspective for this field are all covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M Wootton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Jerry K F Tam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - William P Unsworth
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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27
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Bera S, Kabadwal LM, Banerjee D. Harnessing alcohols as sustainable reagents for late-stage functionalisation: synthesis of drugs and bio-inspired compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4607-4647. [PMID: 38525675 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00942d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol is ubiquitous with unparalleled structural diversity and thus has wide applications as a native functional group in organic synthesis. It is highly prevalent among biomolecules and offers promising opportunities for the development of chemical libraries. Over the last decade, alcohol has been extensively used as an environmentally friendly chemical for numerous organic transformations. In this review, we collectively discuss the utilisation of alcohol from 2015 to 2023 in various organic transformations and their application toward intermediates of drugs, drug derivatives and natural product-like molecules. Notable features discussed are as follows: (i) sustainable approaches for C-X alkylation (X = C, N, or O) including O-phosphorylation of alcohols, (ii) newer strategies using methanol as a methylating reagent, (iii) allylation of alkenes and alkynes including allylic trifluoromethylations, (iv) alkenylation of N-heterocycles, ketones, sulfones, and ylides towards the synthesis of drug-like molecules, (v) cyclisation and annulation to pharmaceutically active molecules, and (vi) coupling of alcohols with aryl halides or triflates, aryl cyanide and olefins to access drug-like molecules. We summarise the synthesis of over 100 drugs via several approaches, where alcohol was used as one of the potential coupling partners. Additionally, a library of molecules consisting over 60 fatty acids or steroid motifs is documented for late-stage functionalisation including the challenges and opportunities for harnessing alcohols as renewable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourajit Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Lalit Mohan Kabadwal
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Debasis Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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28
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Tang Q, Song D, Zhang K, Mao W, Zhao X, Du D, Ling F, Zhong W. Development of an imidazole-based N, N-bidentate ligand for the manganese catalyzed direct coupling of nitriles with alcohols. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12978-12982. [PMID: 38655477 PMCID: PMC11033977 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00817k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
3d-Metal catalyzed borrowing hydrogen (BH) reactions represent powerful and environmentally friendly approaches for the direct coupling of alcohols with nitriles to assemble various important branched nitriles. The development of simple and efficient ligands is a crucial issue in this field. In this study, we designed a series of readily available N,N-bidentate ligands that demonstrated good efficiency in the Mn-catalyzed BH reaction of alcohols and nitrile derivatives, yielding the targeted nitriles in moderate to good yields. Remarkably, the mildness and practicality of this protocol were further demonstrated by the successful synthesis of anipamil via a two-cascade borrowing hydrogen procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University Nan Jing 210009 P. R. China
- Zhejiang Center for Drug &Cosmetic Evaluation Hangzhou 310012 P. R. China
| | - Dingguo Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Kali Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Xianghua Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Ding Du
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University Nan Jing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Fei Ling
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Weihui Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
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29
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Mullick S, Ghosh A, Banerjee D. Recent advances in cross-coupling of alcohols via borrowing hydrogen catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4002-4014. [PMID: 38451211 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00003j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Application of the borrowing hydrogen strategy facilitates utilization of abundantly available alcohols for linear or branched long-chain alcohols. Selective synthesis of such alcohols is highly challenging and involves the utilization of transition metal catalysts towards the desired cross-coupled product. Herein, we have highlighted recent advances (from 2015 to 2023) towards the synthesis of higher alcohols. Major focus has been given to the development of ligands, including transition metal catalysts. Judicious catalyst design plays a key role in the alkylation process and is summarised in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suteerna Mullick
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Adrija Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Debasis Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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30
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Mondal A, Pal D, Phukan HJ, Roy M, Kumar S, Purkayastha S, Guha AK, Srimani D. Manganese Complex Catalyzed Sequential Multi-component Reaction: Enroute to a Quinoline-Derived Azafluorenes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301138. [PMID: 38096176 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The development of innovative synthetic strategies for constructing complex molecular structures is the heart of organic chemistry. This significance of novel reactions or reaction sequences would further enhance if they permitted the synthesis of new classes of structural motifs, which have not been previously created. The research on the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds is one of the most active topics in organic chemistry due to the widespread application of N-heterocycles in life and material science. The development of a new catalytic process that employs first-row transition metals to produce a range of heterocycles from renewable raw materials is considered highly sustainable approach. This would be more advantageous if done in an eco-friendly and atom-efficient manner. Herein we introduce, the synthesis of various new quinoline based azafluorenes via sequential dehydrogenative multicomponent reaction (MCR) followed by C(sp3)-H hydroxylation and annulation. Our newly developed, Mn-complexes have the ability to direct the reaction in order to achieve a high amount of desired functionalized heterocycles while minimizing the possibility of multiple side reactions. We also performed a series of control experiments, hydride trapping experiments, reaction kinetics, catalytic intermediate and DFT studies to comprehend the detailed reaction route and the catalyst's function in the MCR sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Debjyoti Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Hirak Jyoti Phukan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Mithu Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
| | | | - Ankur Kanti Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Guwahati, 781001, India
| | - Dipankar Srimani
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, 781039, India
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31
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Liu ZX, Gao YD, Yang LC. Biocatalytic Hydrogen-Borrowing Cascade in Organic Synthesis. JACS AU 2024; 4:877-892. [PMID: 38559715 PMCID: PMC10976568 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalytic hydrogen borrowing represents an environmentally friendly and highly efficient synthetic method. This innovative approach involves converting various substrates into high-value-added products, typically via a one-pot, two/three-step sequence encompassing dehydrogenation (intermediate transformation) and hydrogenation processes employing the hydride shuffling between NAD(P)+ and NAD(P)H. Represented key transformations in hydrogen borrowing include stereoisomer conversion within alcohols, conversion between alcohols and amines, conversion of allylic alcohols to saturated carbonyl counterparts, and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes to saturated carboxylic acids, etc. The direct transformation methodology and environmentally benign characteristics of hydrogen borrowing have contributed to its advancements in fine chemical synthesis or drug developments. Over the past decades, the hydrogen borrowing strategy in biocatalysis has led to the creation of diverse catalytic systems, demonstrating substantial potential for straightforward synthesis as well as asymmetric transformations. This perspective serves as a detailed exposition of the recent advancements in biocatalytic reactions employing the hydrogen borrowing strategy. It provides insights into the potential of this approach for future development, shedding light on its promising prospects in the field of biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance
and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking
Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Dong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance
and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking
Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li-Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance
and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute
of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking
Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, P. R. China
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32
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Ji J, Huo Y, Dai Z, Chen Z, Tu T. Manganese-Catalyzed Mono-N-Methylation of Aliphatic Primary Amines without the Requirement of External High-Hydrogen Pressure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318763. [PMID: 38300154 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of mono-N-methylated aliphatic primary amines has traditionally been challenging, requiring noble metal catalysts and high-pressure H2 for achieving satisfactory yields and selectivity. Herein, we developed an approach for the selective coupling of methanol and aliphatic primary amines, without high-pressure hydrogen, using a manganese-based catalyst. Remarkably, up to 98 % yields with broad substrate scope were achieved at low catalyst loadings. Notably, due to the weak base-catalyzed alcoholysis of formamide intermediates, our novel protocol not only obviates the addition of high-pressure H2 but also prevents side secondary N-methylation, supported by control experiments and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yinghao Huo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhaowen Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhening Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao West Road, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tao Tu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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33
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Li J, Mao A, Hu X, Wang L, Wang D, Duan ZC. Preparation of a novel cadmium-containing coordination polymer and catalytic application in the synthesis of N-alkylated aminoquinoline derivatives via the borrowing hydrogen approach. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5064-5072. [PMID: 38375833 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report an efficient and straightforward approach for the synthesis of N-alkylated aminoquinoline derivatives by recyclable Cd-containing coordination polymer-catalyzed reactions of aminoquinolines with primary alcohols via the borrowing hydrogen strategy. In this work, a new type of coordination polymer [Cd(CIA)(phen)2(H2O)]n was successfully designed and fabricated. The molecular structure was corroborated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and fully characterized by PXRD, FT-IR, TGA, and XPS. Importantly, this polymer revealed high catalytic activity for the N-alkylation reaction of 2-aminoquinoline and 8-aminoquinoline with inexpensive and low-toxicity alcohols as alkylating agents in excellent yields up to 95%. Interestingly, the present synthetic protocol was successfully applied for the gram-level synthesis of several biologically active compounds. In addition, several control reactions were carried out to investigate the possible mechanisms of this transformation. Finally, recycling experiments indicated that the cadmium coordination polymer showed good recovery performance for borrowing hydrogen reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Anruo Mao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Likui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Dawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Zheng-Chao Duan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, PR China
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34
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Wei Z, Ke Z, Wang Y, Liu Q. Manganese-catalyzed Efficient Synthesis of N-heterocycles and Aminoketones Using Glycerol as a C3 Synthon. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303481. [PMID: 38239082 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Glycerol is one of the important biomass-derived feedstocks and the high-value utilizations of glycerol have attracted much attentions in recent years. Herein, we report a manganese catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of glycerol with amines for the synthesis of substituted 2-methylquinoxalines, 2-ethylbenzimidazoles, and α-aminoketones without any external oxidant. In these reactions, NHC-based pincer manganese complex featuring a pyridine backbone displayed high catalytic activity and selectivity, in which hydrogen and water were produced as the only by-products using glycerol as a C3 synthon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Wei
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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35
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Matsuura Y, Fuse S. Micro-flow heteroatom alkylation via TfOH-mediated rapid in situ generation of carbocations and subsequent nucleophile addition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2497-2500. [PMID: 38285468 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06308a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
A rapid nucleophilic substitution reaction was developed using carbocations generated from diarylmethanol and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. Undesired reactions caused by the carbocations were suppressed, presumably due to the rapid and uniform generation of carbocations and the subsequent rapid and uniform distribution of nucleophiles by the micro-flow technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Matsuura
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Fuse
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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36
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Fu C, He L, Chang X, Cheng X, Wang ZF, Zhang Z, Larionov VA, Dong XQ, Wang CJ. Copper/Ruthenium Relay Catalysis for Stereodivergent Access to δ-Hydroxy α-Amino Acids and Small Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315325. [PMID: 38155608 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
An atom- and step-economical and redox-neutral cascade reaction enabled by asymmetric bimetallic relay catalysis by merging a ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric borrowing-hydrogen reaction with copper-catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition has been realized. A variety of highly functionalized 2-amino-5-hydroxyvaleric acid esters or peptides bearing 1,4-non-adjacent stereogenic centers have been prepared in high yields with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity. Judicious selection and rational modification of the Ru catalysts with careful tuning of the reaction conditions played a pivotal role in stereoselectivity control as well as attenuating undesired α-epimerization, thus enabling a full complement of all four stereoisomers that were otherwise inaccessible in previous work. Concise asymmetric stereodivergent synthesis of the key intermediates for biologically important chiral molecules further showcases the synthetic utility of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ling He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xin Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zuo-Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zongpeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Vladimir A Larionov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russian Federation
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Xiu-Qin Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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37
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Beaufils A, Melle P, Lentz N, Albrecht M. Air-Stable Coordinatively Unsaturated Ruthenium(II) Complex for Ligand Binding and Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones from Ethanol. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2072-2081. [PMID: 38230574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Coordinatively unsaturated complexes are interesting from a fundamental level for their formally empty coordination site and, in particular, from a catalytic perspective as they provide opportunities for substrate binding and transformation. Here, we describe the synthesis of a novel underligated ruthenium complex [Ru(cym)(N,N')]+, 3, featuring an amide-functionalized pyridylidene amide (PYA) as the N,N'-bidentate coordinating ligand. In contrast to previously investigated underligated complexes, complex 3 offers potential for dynamic modifications, thanks to the flexible donor properties of the PYA ligand. Specifically, they allow both for stabilizing the formally underligated metal center in complex 3 through nitrogen π-donation and for facilitating through π-acidic bonding properties the coordination of a further ligand L to the ruthenium center to yield the formal 18 e- complexes [Ru(cym)(N,N')(L)]+ (4: L = P(OMe)3; 5: L = PPh3; 6: L = N-methylimidazole; 7: L = pyridine) and neutral complex [RuCl(cym)(N,N')] 8. Analysis by 1H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies reveals an increasing Ru-L bond strength along the sequence pyridine <1-methylimidazole < PPh3 < P(OMe)3 with binding constants varying over 3 orders of magnitude with log(Keq) values between 2.8 and 5.7. The flexibility of the Ru(PYA) unit and the ensuing accessibility of saturated and unsaturated species with one and the same ligand are attractive from a fundamental point of view and also for catalytic applications, as catalytic transformations rely on the availability of transiently vacant coordination sites. Thus, while complex 3 does not form stable adducts with O-donors such as ketones or alcohols, it transiently binds these species, as evidenced by the considerable catalytic activity in the transfer hydrogenation of ketones. Notably, and as one of only a few catalysts, complex 3 is compatible with EtOH as a hydrogen source. Complex 3 shows excellent performance in the transfer hydrogenation of pyridyl-containing substrates, in agreement with the poor coordination strength of this functional group to the ruthenium center in 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Beaufils
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Melle
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Lentz
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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38
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Jalwal S, Regina A, Atreya V, Paranjothy M, Chakraborty S. NNN manganese complex-catalyzed α-alkylation of methyl ketones using alcohols: an experimental and computational study. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38251673 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04321e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
We present here a phosphine-free, quinoline-based pincer Mn catalyst for α-alkylation of methyl ketones using primary alcohols as alkyl surrogates. The C-C bond formation reaction proceeds via a hydrogen auto-transfer methodology. The sole by-product formed is water, rendering the protocol atom efficient. Electronic structure theory studies corroborated the proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Jalwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342030, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Anitta Regina
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342030, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Vaishnavi Atreya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342030, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Manikandan Paranjothy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342030, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Subrata Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342030, Rajasthan, India.
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39
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Donthireddy SNR, Rit A. Heteroditopic NHC Ligand Supported Manganese(I) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Activity as Non-bifunctional Phosphine-Free Catalyst for the α-Alkylation of Nitriles. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302504. [PMID: 37807667 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, several manganese(I) complexes of chelating heteroditopic ligands Mn1-3, featuring ImNHC (imidazol-2-ylidene) connected to a 1,2,3-triazole-N or tzNHC (1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) donors via a methylene spacer, with possible modifications at the triazole backbone have been synthesized and completely characterized. Notably, the CO stretching frequencies, electrochemical analysis, and frontier orbital analysis certainly suggest that the chelating ImNHC-tzNHC ligands have stronger donation capabilities than the related ImNHC-Ntz ligand in the synthesized complexes. Moreover, these well-defined phosphine-free Mn(I)-NHC complexes have been found to be effective non-bifunctional catalysts for the α-alkylation of nitriles using alcohols and importantly, the catalyst Mn1 containing ImNHC connected to a weaker triazole-N donor displayed higher activity compared to Mn2/Mn3 containing an unsymmetrical bis-carbene donors (ImNHC and tzNHC). A wide range of aryl nitriles were coupled with diverse (hetero)aromatic as well as aliphatic alcohols to get the corresponding products in good to excellent yields (32 examples, up to 95 % yield). The detailed mechanistic studies including deuterium labelling experiments reveal that the reaction follows a Borrowing Hydrogen pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnab Rit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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40
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Jamdade AB, Sutar DV, Gnanaprakasam B. Synthesis of Macrolactams from Macrolactones Using Ru-/Ir-Catalytic System under Neutral Conditions. Org Lett 2023; 25:9058-9063. [PMID: 38091469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the Ru-/Ir-catalyzed synthesis of valuable macrolactams from macrolactones and esters. The ring-opening of the macrolactones was efficaciously facilitated by the Ru catalyst to generate 32 amides in the first step. In the second step, intramolecular N-alkylative ring closure of amides with alcohols was succeeded by Ir catalyst to provide a series of 22 macrolactams and gave water as a byproduct. Moreover, this approach proceeded under neutral conditions and avoided the use of external additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash B Jamdade
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Dashrat V Sutar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Boopathy Gnanaprakasam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
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41
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Upadhyay R, Maurya SK. Titanium-Catalyzed Selective N-Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols via Borrowing Hydrogen Methodology. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38048482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The N-alkylation of amines with alcohols using earth-abundant and nonprecious metal catalysts has gained considerable attention in the pharmaceutical industry. We described titanium-catalyzed synthetic protocol for N-alkylation of amines with alcohols via borrowing hydrogen or hydrogen autotransfer reactions. The methodology enables the selective monoalkylation of various substituted (hetero)aromatic amines in good to excellent yields (up to 97% yield). The importance of the protocol was further demonstrated by the applicability of earth-abundant metal catalysis and the synthesis of 32 N-alkylated amines. The work allows the utilization of titanium-based catalysts for various reactions to expand the nature blueprint in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Upadhyay
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Sushil K Maurya
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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42
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Kumar N, Sankar RV, Gunanathan C. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Self-Coupling of Secondary Alcohols. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38039390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
A simple catalytic method for self-coupling of secondary alcohols leading to the synthesis of β-branched ketones under mild conditions is reported. Well-defined ruthenium pincer complex catalyzed the reactions. Optimization studies revealed that sodium tert-butoxide is an appropriate base for this transformation. Functionalized aryl methanols, heteroaryl methanols, and linear and branched aliphatic secondary alcohols underwent facile catalytic self-coupling reactions. Mechanistic studies revealed that both catalyst and base are crucial to achieve dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones, their subsequent controlled aldol condensation, and further hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated intermediates, leading to the selective formation of β-branched ketone products. Notably, the noninnocent PNP ligand which displays amine-amide metal-ligand cooperation operative in a catalyst played a key role in facilitating this catalytic self-coupling of secondary alcohols. Liberated molecular hydrogen and water are the only byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Raman Vijaya Sankar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Chidambaram Gunanathan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
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43
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Singh T, Atreya V, Jalwal S, Anand A, Chakraborty S. Advances in Group VI Metal-Catalyzed Homogeneous Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Reactions. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300758. [PMID: 37815164 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed homogeneous hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions for attaining plethora of organic scaffolds have evolved as a key domain of research in academia and industry. These protocols are atom-economic, greener, in line with the goal of sustainability, eventually pave the way for numerous novel environmentally benign methodologies. Appealing progress has been achieved in the realm of homogeneous catalysis utilizing noble metals. Owing to their high cost, less abundance along with toxicity issues led the scientific community to search for sustainable alternatives. In this context, earth- abundant base metals have gained substantial attention culminating enormous progress in recent years, predominantly with pincer-type complexes of nickel, cobalt, iron, and manganese. In this regard, group VI chromium, molybdenum and tungsten complexes have been overlooked and remain underdeveloped despite their earth-abundance and bio-compatibility. This review delineates a comprehensive overview in the arena of homogeneously catalysed (de)hydrogenation reactions using group VI base metals chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten till date. Various reactions have been described; hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling, hydrogen auto transfer, along with their scope and brief mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342037, Rajasthan
| | - Vaishnavi Atreya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342037, Rajasthan
| | - Sachin Jalwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342037, Rajasthan
| | - Aman Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342037, Rajasthan
| | - Subrata Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342037, Rajasthan
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44
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Sun F, Chen X, Wang S, Sun F, Zhao SY, Liu W. Borrowing Hydrogen β-Phosphinomethylation of Alcohols Using Methanol as C1 Source by Pincer Manganese Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25545-25552. [PMID: 37962982 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a manganese-catalyzed three-component coupling of β-H containing alcohols, methanol, and phosphines for the synthesis of γ-hydroxy phosphines via a borrowing hydrogen strategy. In this development, methanol serves as a sustainable C1 source. A variety of aromatic and aliphatic substituted alcohols and phosphines could undergo the dehydrogenative cross-coupling process efficiently and deliver the corresponding β-phosphinomethylated alcohol products in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that this transformation proceeds in a sequential manner including catalytic dehydrogenation, aldol condensation, Michael addition, and catalytic hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Fan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Yin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
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45
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Guin AK, Pal S, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty S, Paul ND. Oxygen Dependent Switchable Selectivity during Ruthenium Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of C3-Alkylated Indoles and Bis(indolyl)methanes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38015094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a ligand-centered redox-controlled oxygen-dependent switchable selectivity during ruthenium-catalyzed selective synthesis of C3-alkylated indoles and bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs). A wide variety of C3-alkylated indoles and BIMs were prepared selectively in moderate to good isolated yields by coupling a wide variety of indoles and alcohols, catalyzed by a well-defined, air-stable, and easy-to-prepare Ru(II)-catalyst (1a) bearing a redox-active tridentate pincer (L1a). Catalyst 1a efficiently catalyzed the C3-alkylation of indoles under an argon atmosphere while, under an oxygen environment, exclusively producing the BIMs. A few drug molecules containing BIMs were also synthesized efficiently. 1a exhibited excellent chemoselectivity with alcohols containing internal carbon-carbon double bonds. Mechanistic investigation revealed that the coordinated azo-aromatic ligand actively participates during the catalysis. During the dehydrogenation of alcohols, the azo-moiety of the ligand stores the hydrogen removed from the alcohols and subsequently transfers the hydrogen to the alkylideneindolenine intermediate, forming the C3-alkylated indoles. While under an oxygen environment, the transfer of hydrogen from the ligand scaffold to the molecular oxygen generates H2O2, leaving no scope for hydrogenation of the alkylideneindolenine intermediate, rather than it undergoing 1,4-Michael-type addition forming the BIMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhasree Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Santana Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nanda D Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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46
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Gautam D, Gahlaut PS, Pathak S, Jana B. K 2S 2O 8 promoted metal-free direct C-alkylation of acetophenones with alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 37997393 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01526b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a metal-free synthetic methodology for the C-alkylation of acetophenones following a hydrogen borrowing-like pathway using the commercially available inorganic oxidant K2S2O8 in conjunction with KOtBu. This study articulates the potential of K2S2O8 in fast initiation of the oxidation of benzyl alcohols to develop an atom-economical, easy, and more efficient methodology for the C-alkylation of various acetophenones and synthesis of a variety of substituted quinolines. Experimental data from control experiments, literature and characterization of intermediates through spectroscopic techniques support the proposed plausible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Gautam
- Organometallics and Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory (OMSCL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302017, India.
| | - Puneet Singh Gahlaut
- Organometallics and Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory (OMSCL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302017, India.
| | - Shristi Pathak
- Organometallics and Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory (OMSCL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302017, India.
| | - Barun Jana
- Organometallics and Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory (OMSCL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302017, India.
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47
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Pazur EJ, Tasker NR, Wipf P. C3-Functionalization of indoles with α-heteroaryl-substituted methyl alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8651-8657. [PMID: 37873703 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01432k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The transition metal-free Cs2CO3/Oxone®-mediated C3-alkylation of indoles proceeds in moderate to high yields with a variety of C4-C7 functionalized indoles and is applicable to 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxymethyl pyridines and related electron-deficient heterocycles, permitting novel late-stage drug functionalizations. Preliminary mechanistic studies support a hydrogen autotransfer-type chain process starting with an initial oxidation of the alcohol to the corresponding aldehyde, followed by a subsequent condensation onto indole and reduction/hydride delivery from another equivalent of the primary alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Pazur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Nikhil R Tasker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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48
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Vyas V, Maurya P, Indra A. Metal-organic framework-derived CoN x nanoparticles on N-doped carbon for selective N-alkylation of aniline. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12339-12344. [PMID: 37969583 PMCID: PMC10631233 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02515b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
N-alkylation of anilines by alcohols can be used as an efficient strategy to synthesise a wide range of secondary amines. In this respect, a hydrogen borrowing methodology has been explored using precious metal-based catalysts. However, the utilisation of cheap and readily available transition metal based catalysts is required for large-scale applications. In this work, we have reported metal-organic framework-derived CoNx@NC catalysts for the selective N-alkylation of anilines with different types of alcohols. The Co-N coordination in CoNx@NC was found to be extremely important to improve the conversion efficiency and yield of the product. As a result, CoNx@NC produced 99% yield of the desired amines, which is far better than that of Co@C (yield = 65%). In addition, CoNx@NC showed remarkable recyclability for six cycles with a minimum drop in the yield of the desired product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved Vyas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi UP-221005 India
| | - Priyanka Maurya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi UP-221005 India
| | - Arindam Indra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi UP-221005 India
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49
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Babu R, Sukanya Padhy S, Kumar R, Balaraman E. Catalytic Amination of Alcohols Using Diazo Compounds under Manganese Catalysis Through Hydrogenative N-Alkylation Reaction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302007. [PMID: 37486329 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable chemical production requires fundamentally new types of catalysts and catalytic technologies. The development of coherent and robust catalytic systems based on earth-abundant transition metals is essential, but highly challenging. Herein, we systematically explored a general hydrogenative cleavage/N-alkylation tandem of cyclic and acyclic diazo (N=N) compounds to value-added amines under manganese catalysis. The reaction is catalyzed by a single-site molecular manganese complex and proceeds via tandem dehydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation, and borrowing hydrogenation strategies. Interestingly, the reaction involves abundantly available renewable feedstocks, such as alcohols, that can act as (transfer)hydrogenating and alkylating agents. The synthetic application of our approach in large-scale pharmaceutical synthesis and easy access to highly demanding N-CH3 /CD3 derivatives are also demonstrated. Kinetic studies show that the reaction rate depends on the concentration of alcohol and Mn-catalyst and follows fractional orders. Several selective bond activation/formation reactions occur sequentially via amine-amide metal-ligand cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Subarna Sukanya Padhy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ekambaram Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
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50
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Yus M, Nájera C, Foubelo F, Sansano JM. Metal-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Transformations. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11817-11893. [PMID: 37793021 PMCID: PMC10603790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Enantioconvergent catalysis has expanded asymmetric synthesis to new methodologies able to convert racemic compounds into a single enantiomer. This review covers recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed transformations, such as radical-based cross-coupling of racemic alkyl electrophiles with nucleophiles or racemic alkylmetals with electrophiles and reductive cross-coupling of two electrophiles mainly under Ni/bis(oxazoline) catalysis. C-H functionalization of racemic electrophiles or nucleophiles can be performed in an enantioconvergent manner. Hydroalkylation of alkenes, allenes, and acetylenes is an alternative to cross-coupling reactions. Hydrogen autotransfer has been applied to amination of racemic alcohols and C-C bond forming reactions (Guerbet reaction). Other metal-catalyzed reactions involve addition of racemic allylic systems to carbonyl compounds, propargylation of alcohols and phenols, amination of racemic 3-bromooxindoles, allenylation of carbonyl compounds with racemic allenolates or propargyl bromides, and hydroxylation of racemic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Yus
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen Nájera
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Foubelo
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis
Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - José M. Sansano
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica and Instituto de Síntesis
Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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