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Marques D, Moura-Louro D, Silva IP, Matos S, Santos CND, Figueira I. Unlocking the potential of low-molecular-weight (Poly)phenol metabolites: Protectors at the blood-brain barrier frontier. Neurochem Int 2024; 179:105836. [PMID: 39151552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are an increasing group of chronic and progressive neurological disorders that ultimately lead to neuronal cell failure and death. Despite all efforts throughout decades, their burden on individuals and society still casts one of the most massive socioeconomic problems worldwide. The neuronal failure observed in NDDs results from an intricacy of events, mirroring disease complexity, ranging from protein aggregation, oxidative stress, (neuro)inflammation, and even blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, ultimately leading to cognitive and motor symptoms in patients. As a result of such complex pathobiology, to date, there are still no effective treatments to treat/halt NDDs progression. Fortunately, interest in the bioavailable low molecular weight (LMW) phenolic metabolites derived from the metabolism of dietary (poly)phenols has been rising due to their multitargeted potential in attenuating multiple NDDs hallmarks. Even if not highly BBB permeant, their relatively high concentrations in the bloodstream arising from the intake of (poly)phenol-rich diets make them ideal candidates to act within the vasculature and particularly at the level of BBB. In this review, we highlight the most recent - though still scarce - studies demonstrating LMW phenolic metabolites' ability to modulate BBB homeostasis, including the improvement of tight and adherens junctional proteins, as well as their power to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and oxidative stress levels in vitro and in vivo. Specific BBB-permeant LMW phenolic metabolites, such as simple phenolic sulfates, have been emerging as strong BBB properties boosters, pleiotropic compounds capable of improving cell fitness under oxidative and pro-inflammatory conditions. Nevertheless, further studies should be pursued to obtain a holistic overview of the promising role of LMW phenolic metabolites in NDDs prevention and management to fully harness their true therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Marques
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diogo Moura-Louro
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês P Silva
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Matos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes Dos Santos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Oeiras, Portugal; iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês Figueira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.
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2
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Kuerec AH, Lim XK, Khoo AL, Sandalova E, Guan L, Feng L, Maier AB. Targeting aging with urolithin A in humans: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102406. [PMID: 39002645 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Urolithin A (UA) is a gut metabolite derived from ellagic acid. This systematic review assesses the potential geroprotective effect of UA in humans. In five studies including 250 healthy individuals, UA (10-1000 mg/day) for a duration ranging from 28 days to 4 months, showed a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect and upregulated some mitochondrial genes, markers of autophagy, and fatty acid oxidation. It did not affect mitochondrial maximal adenosine triphosphate production, biogenesis, dynamics, or gut microbiota composition. UA increased muscle strength and endurance, however, had no effect on anthropometrics, cardiovascular outcomes, and physical function. Unrelated adverse events were mild or moderate. Further research across more physiological systems and longer intervention periods is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajla Hodzic Kuerec
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Xuan K Lim
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Anderson Ly Khoo
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Elena Sandalova
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Lihuan Guan
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Lei Feng
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam 1081 BT, the Netherlands.
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Carecho R, Marques D, Carregosa D, Masuero D, Garcia-Aloy M, Tramer F, Passamonti S, Vrhovsek U, Ventura MR, Brito MA, Nunes Dos Santos C, Figueira I. Circulating low-molecular-weight (poly)phenol metabolites in the brain: unveiling in vitro and in vivo blood-brain barrier transport. Food Funct 2024; 15:7812-7827. [PMID: 38967492 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01396d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Circulating metabolites resulting from colonic metabolism of dietary (poly)phenols are highly abundant in the bloodstream, though still marginally explored, particularly concerning their brain accessibility. Our goal is to disclose (poly)phenol metabolites' blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport, in vivo and in vitro, as well as their role at BBB level. For three selected metabolites, benzene-1,2-diol-3-sulfate/benzene-1,3-diol-2-sulfate (pyrogallol-sulfate - Pyr-sulf), benzene-1,3-diol-6-sulfate (phloroglucinol-sulfate - Phlo-sulf), and phenol-3-sulfate (resorcinol-sulfate - Res-sulf), BBB transport was assessed in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). Their potential in modulating in vitro BBB properties at circulating concentrations was also studied. Metabolites' fate towards the brain, liver, kidney, urine, and blood was disclosed in Wistar rats upon injection. Transport kinetics in HBMEC highlighted different BBB permeability rates, where Pyr-sulf emerged as the most in vitro BBB permeable metabolite. Pyr-sulf was also the most potent regarding BBB properties improvement, namely increased beta(β)-catenin membrane expression and reduction of zonula occludens-1 membrane gaps. Whereas no differences were observed for transferrin, increased expression of caveolin-1 upon Pyr-sulf and Res-sulf treatments was found. Pyr-sulf was also capable of modulating gene and protein expression of some solute carrier transporters. Notably, each of the injected metabolites exhibited a unique tissue distribution in vivo, with the remarkable ability to almost immediately reach the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Carecho
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Daniela Marques
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Diogo Carregosa
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Metabolomics Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Metabolomics Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Federica Tramer
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabina Passamonti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Metabolomics Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - M Rita Ventura
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Alexandra Brito
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes Dos Santos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Oeiras, Portugal
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês Figueira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.
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K M M, Ghosh P, Nagappan K, Palaniswamy DS, Begum R, Islam MR, Tagde P, Shaikh NK, Farahim F, Mondal TK. From Gut Microbiomes to Infectious Pathogens: Neurological Disease Game Changers. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04323-0. [PMID: 38967904 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota and infectious diseases affect neurological disorders, brain development, and function. Compounds generated in the gastrointestinal system by gut microbiota and infectious pathogens may mediate gut-brain interactions, which may circulate throughout the body and spread to numerous organs, including the brain. Studies shown that gut bacteria and disease-causing organisms may pass molecular signals to the brain, affecting neurological function, neurodevelopment, and neurodegenerative diseases. This article discusses microorganism-producing metabolites with neuromodulator activity, signaling routes from microbial flora to the brain, and the potential direct effects of gut bacteria and infectious pathogens on brain cells. The review also considered the neurological aspects of infectious diseases. The infectious diseases affecting neurological functions and the disease modifications have been discussed thoroughly. Recent discoveries and unique insights in this perspective need further validation. Research on the complex molecular interactions between gut bacteria, infectious pathogens, and the CNS provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative, behavioral, and psychiatric illnesses. This study may provide insights into advanced drug discovery processes for neurological disorders by considering the influence of microbial communities inside the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhasina K M
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India.
| | - Puja Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | - Krishnaveni Nagappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | | | - Rahima Begum
- Department of Microbiology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Tennessee State University Chemistry department 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA
| | - Priti Tagde
- PRISAL(Pharmaceutical Royal International Society), Branch Office Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462042, India
| | - Nusrat K Shaikh
- Department of Quality Assurance, Smt. N. M, Padalia Pharmacy College, Navapura, Ahmedabad, 382 210, Gujarat, India
| | - Farha Farahim
- Department of Nursing, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Hou Y, Chu X, Park J, Zhu Q, Hussain M, Li Z, Madsen HB, Yang B, Wei Y, Wang Y, Fang EF, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. Urolithin A improves Alzheimer's disease cognition and restores mitophagy and lysosomal functions. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:4212-4233. [PMID: 38753870 PMCID: PMC11180933 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compromised autophagy, including impaired mitophagy and lysosomal function, plays pivotal roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Urolithin A (UA) is a gut microbial metabolite of ellagic acid that stimulates mitophagy. The effects of UA's long-term treatment of AD and mechanisms of action are unknown. METHODS We addressed these questions in three mouse models of AD with behavioral, electrophysiological, biochemical, and bioinformatic approaches. RESULTS Long-term UA treatment significantly improved learning, memory, and olfactory function in different AD transgenic mice. UA also reduced amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathologies and enhanced long-term potentiation. UA induced mitophagy via increasing lysosomal functions. UA improved cellular lysosomal function and normalized lysosomal cathepsins, primarily cathepsin Z, to restore lysosomal function in AD, indicating the critical role of cathepsins in UA-induced therapeutic effects on AD. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of lysosomal dysfunction in AD etiology and points to the high translational potential of UA. HIGHLIGHTS Long-term urolithin A (UA) treatment improved learning, memory, and olfactory function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. UA restored lysosomal functions in part by regulating cathepsin Z (Ctsz) protein. UA modulates immune responses and AD-specific pathophysiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Hou
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineState Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Xixia Chu
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jae‐Hyeon Park
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Qing Zhu
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineState Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Mansoor Hussain
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Danish Center for Healthy Aging, ICMMUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Beimeng Yang
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yong Wei
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yue Wang
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Evandro F. Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oslo and Akershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
- The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO‐Age)OsloAkershusNorway
| | - Deborah L. Croteau
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Computational Biology & Genomics Core, LGGNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Vilhelm A. Bohr
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Danish Center for Healthy Aging, ICMMUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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6
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Farhan M, Rizvi A, Aatif M, Muteeb G, Khan K, Siddiqui FA. Dietary Polyphenols, Plant Metabolites, and Allergic Disorders: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:670. [PMID: 38931338 PMCID: PMC11207098 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the ongoing rise in the occurrence of allergic disorders, alterations in dietary patterns have been proposed as a possible factor contributing to the emergence and progression of these conditions. Currently, there is a significant focus on the development of dietary therapies that utilize natural compounds possessing anti-allergy properties. Dietary polyphenols and plant metabolites have been intensively researched due to their well-documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory characteristics, making them one of the most prominent natural bioactive chemicals. This study seeks to discuss the in-depth mechanisms by which these molecules may exert anti-allergic effects, namely through their capacity to diminish the allergenicity of proteins, modulate immune responses, and modify the composition of the gut microbiota. However, further investigation is required to fully understand these effects. This paper examines the existing evidence from experimental and clinical studies that supports the idea that different polyphenols, such as catechins, resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, and others, can reduce allergic inflammation, relieve symptoms of food allergy, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis, and prevent the progression of the allergic immune response. In summary, dietary polyphenols and plant metabolites possess significant anti-allergic properties and can be utilized for developing both preventative and therapeutic strategies for targeting allergic conditions. The paper also discusses the constraints in investigating and broad usage of polyphenols, as well as potential avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Farhan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
| | - Mohammad Aatif
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ghazala Muteeb
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kimy Khan
- Department of Dermatology, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Dhahran Road, Al Mubarraz 36342, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Farhan Asif Siddiqui
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, King Fahad Hospital, Prince Salman Street, Hofuf 36441, Saudi Arabia;
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Vasilakopoulou PB, Yanni AE, Fanarioti E, Dermon CR, Karathanos VT, Chiou A. Determination of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids in the Liver of Wistar Rats after a Dietary Enrichment with Corinthian Currant ( Vitis vinifera L., var. Apyrena): A Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11549-11560. [PMID: 38718199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Corinthian currants are dried fruits produced from Vitis vinifera L. var. Apyrena grape. This study investigated the distribution of phenolic compounds in male Wistar rat livers following two distinct Corinthian currant long-term dietary intake protocols (3 and 10% w/w). Method optimization, comparing fresh and lyophilized tissues, achieved satisfactory recoveries (>70%) for most analytes. Enzymatic hydrolysis conditions (37 °C, pH 5.0) minimally affected phenolics, but enzyme addition showed diverse effects. Hydrolyzed lyophilized liver tissue from rats consuming Corinthian currants (3 and 10% w/w) exhibited elevated levels of isorhamnetin (20.62 ± 2.27 ng/g tissue and 33.80 ± 1.38 ng/g tissue, respectively), along with similar effects for kaempferol, quercetin, and chrysin after prolonged Corinthian currant intake. This suggests their presence as phase II metabolites in the fasting-state liver. This study is the first to explore phenolic accumulation in rat liver, simulating real conditions of dried fruit consumption, as seen herein with Corinthian currant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi B Vasilakopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
| | - Amalia E Yanni
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
| | - Eleni Fanarioti
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Rion, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Catherine R Dermon
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Rion, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Vaios T Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
- Agricultural Cooperatives' Union of Aeghion, Corinthou 201, 25100 Aeghion, Greece
| | - Antonia Chiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
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Gray NE, Hack W, Brandes MS, Zweig JA, Yang L, Marney L, Choi J, Magana AA, Cerruti N, McFerrin J, Koike S, Nguyen T, Raber J, Quinn JF, Maier CS, Soumyanath A. Amelioration of age-related cognitive decline and anxiety in mice by Centella asiatica extract varies by sex, dose and mode of administration. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1357922. [PMID: 38770167 PMCID: PMC11102990 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1357922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Background: A water extract (CAW) of the Ayurvedic plant Centella asiatica administered in drinking water has been shown to improve cognitive deficits in mouse models of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Here the effects of CAW administered in drinking water or the diet on cognition, measures of anxiety and depression-like behavior in healthy aged mice are compared. Methods: Three- and eighteen-month-old male and female C57BL6 mice were administered rodent AIN-93M diet containing CAW (0, 0.2, 0.5 or 1% w/w) to provide 0, 200 mg/kg/d, 500 mg/kg/d or 1,000 mg/kg/d CAW for a total of 5 weeks. An additional group of eighteen-month-old mice were treated with CAW (10 mg/mL) in their drinking water CAW for a total of 5 weeks to deliver the same exposure of CAW as the highest dietary dose (1,000 mg/kg/d). CAW doses delivered were calculated based on food and water consumption measured in previous experiments. In the fourth and fifth weeks, mice underwent behavioral testing of cognition, anxiety and depression (n = 12 of each sex per treatment group in each test). Results: Aged mice of both sexes showed cognitive deficits relative to young mice while only female aged mice showed increased anxiety compared to the young female mice and no differences in depression were observed between the different ages. CAW (1,000 mg/kg/d) in the drinking water improved deficits in aged mice in learning, executive function and recognition memory in both sexes and attenuated the increased measures of anxiety observed in the aged female mice. However, CAW in the diet only improved executive function in aged mice at the highest dose (1,000 mg/kg/d) in both sexes and did so less robustly than when given in the water. There were no effects of CAW on depression-like behavior in aged animals regardless of whether it was administered in the diet or the water. Conclusions: These results suggest that CAW can ameliorate age-related changes in measures of anxiety and cognition and that the mode of administration is important for the effects of CAW on resilience to these age-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora E. Gray
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Wyatt Hack
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mikah S. Brandes
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Zweig
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Liping Yang
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Luke Marney
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Armando Alcazar Magana
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Natasha Cerruti
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Oregon’s Wild Harvest, Redmond, OR, United States
| | - Janis McFerrin
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Oregon’s Wild Harvest, Redmond, OR, United States
| | - Seiji Koike
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Thuan Nguyen
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jacob Raber
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center, Veterans’ Administration Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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9
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Domínguez-López I, López-Yerena A, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Pallàs M, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Pérez M. From the gut to the brain: the long journey of phenolic compounds with neurocognitive effects. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae034. [PMID: 38687609 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a complex community of micro-organisms that play a crucial role in maintaining overall health. Recent research has shown that gut microbes also have a profound impact on brain function and cognition, leading to the concept of the gut-brain axis. One way in which the gut microbiota can influence the brain is through the bioconversion of polyphenols to other bioactive molecules. Phenolic compounds are a group of natural plant metabolites widely available in the human diet, which have anti-inflammatory and other positive effects on health. Recent studies have also suggested that some gut microbiota-derived phenolic metabolites may have neurocognitive effects, such as improving memory and cognitive function. The specific mechanisms involved are still being studied, but it is believed that phenolic metabolites may modulate neurotransmitter signaling, reduce inflammation, and enhance neural plasticity. Therefore, to exert a protective effect on neurocognition, dietary polyphenols or their metabolites must reach the brain, or act indirectly by producing an increase in bioactive molecules such as neurotransmitters. Once ingested, phenolic compounds are subjected to various processes (eg, metabolization by gut microbiota, absorption, distribution) before they cross the blood-brain barrier, perhaps the most challenging stage of their trajectory. Understanding the role of phenolic compounds in the gut-brain axis has important implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies for neurological and psychiatric disorders. By targeting the gut microbiota and its production of phenolic metabolites, it may be possible to improve brain function and prevent cognitive decline. In this article, the current state of knowledge on the endogenous generation of phenolic metabolites by the gut microbiota and how these compounds can reach the brain and exert neurocognitive effects was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Domínguez-López
- Polyphenol Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anallely López-Yerena
- Polyphenol Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Polyphenol Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Polyphenol Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Pérez
- Polyphenol Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Luo J, Luo Y, Chen J, Gao Y, Tan J, Yang Y, Yang C, Jiang N, Luo Y. Intestinal metabolite UroB alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting competition between TRIM65 and TXNIP for binding to NLRP3 inflammasome in response to neuroinflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167056. [PMID: 38360072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Our previous research suggests that targeting NLRP3 inflammasomes holds promise for mitigating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The gut metabolite Urolithin B (UroB) has been shown to inhibit the neuroinflammation. However, the specific role of UroB in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and its potential impact on NLRP3 inflammasome remain unclear. In this study, acute stroke was simulated using the MCAO model in male Sprague-Dawley rats. UroB was intraperitoneally administered after 1 h of reperfusion. The effects of UroB on brain tissue were evaluated, including infarct volume, brain edema, and neurobehavioral changes. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to investigate the effect of UroB on inflammation-related proteins. Furthermore, TRIM65 knockdown and TXNIP overexpression experiments elucidated the role of UroB in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The ( demonstrate the neuroprotective effect of UroB in acute stroke, reducing brain tissue damage and improving motor function. Mechanistically, UroB modulated neuroinflammation by influencing TXNIP and TRIM65 protein expression, as well as competitive binding to the NLRP3 inflammasome, attenuating cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. In conclusion, the potential of UroB as a protective agent against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in acute stroke stands out as it regulates TRIM65 and TXNIP competitive binding to the NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings suggest that UroB is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujia Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialei Chen
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junyi Tan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongkang Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changhong Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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11
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Mingo YB, Gabele L, Lonnemann N, Brône B, Korte M, Hosseini S. The effects of urolithin A on poly I:C-induced microglial activation. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1343562. [PMID: 38577490 PMCID: PMC10993698 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1343562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, including viral infections. Viruses can directly invade the brain and infect neuronal cells or indirectly trigger a "cytokine storm" in the periphery that eventually leads to microglial activation in the brain. While this initial activation of microglial cells is important for viral clearance, chronic activation leads to excessive inflammation and oxidative stress, which can be neurotoxic. Remarkebly, recent studies have shown that certain viruses such as influenza A virus, coronavirus, herpes virus and Epstein-Barr virus may be involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Therefore, it is important to find therapeutic strategies against chronic neuroinflammation triggered by viral infections. Here, we investigated the effects of urolithin A (UA) on microglial activation in vitro induced by a viral mimetic, poly I:C, in a triple co-culture system of neurons, astrocytes and microglial cells. Immunocytochemistry was used to perform a comprehensive single-cell analysis of the morphological changes of microglia as an indicator of their reactive state. Treatment with UA significantly prevented the poly I:C-induced reactive state of microglia, which was characterized by increased expression of the microglial activation markers CD68 and IBA-1. UA restored the poly I:C-induced morphology by restoring microglial ramification. In addition, UA was able to reduce the release of the pro-inflammatory mediators CCL2, TNF-α, and IL-1β and showed a trend toward attenuation of cellular ROS production in poly I:C-treated cultures. Overall, this study suggests that UA as a component of a healthy diet may help prevent virus-induced neuroinflammation and may have therapeutic potential for future studies to prevent or treat neurodegenerative diseases by targeting the associated neuroinflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakum Benard Mingo
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Lea Gabele
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Research Group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Niklas Lonnemann
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bert Brône
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Martin Korte
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Research Group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Shirin Hosseini
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Research Group Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Braunschweig, Germany
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12
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Xiang Z, Guan H, Zhao X, Xie Q, Xie Z, Cai F, Dang R, Li M, Wang C. Dietary gallic acid as an antioxidant: A review of its food industry applications, health benefits, bioavailability, nano-delivery systems, and drug interactions. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114068. [PMID: 38395544 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA), a dietary phenolic acid with potent antioxidant activity, is widely distributed in edible plants. GA has been applied in the food industry as an antimicrobial agent, food fresh-keeping agent, oil stabilizer, active food wrap material, and food processing stabilizer. GA is a potential dietary supplement due to its health benefits on various functional disorders associated with oxidative stress, including renal, neurological, hepatic, pulmonary, reproductive, and cardiovascular diseases. GA is rapidly absorbed and metabolized after oral administration, resulting in low bioavailability, which is susceptible to various factors, such as intestinal microbiota, transporters, and metabolism of galloyl derivatives. GA exhibits a tendency to distribute primarily to the kidney, liver, heart, and brain. A total of 37 metabolites of GA has been identified, and decarboxylation and dihydroxylation in phase I metabolism and sulfation, glucuronidation, and methylation in phase Ⅱ metabolism are considered the main in vivo biotransformation pathways of GA. Different types of nanocarriers, such as polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and nanodots, have been successfully developed to enhance the health-promoting function of GA by increasing bioavailability. GA may induce drug interactions with conventional drugs, such as hydroxyurea, linagliptin, and diltiazem, due to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes, including cytochrome P450 3A4 and 2D6, and transporters, including P-glycoprotein, breast cancer resistance protein, and organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B3. In conclusion, in-depth studies of GA on food industry applications, health benefits, bioavailability, nano-delivery systems, and drug interactions have laid the foundation for its comprehensive application as a food additive and dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Xiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, 201203, China
| | - Huida Guan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, 201203, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, 201203, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, 201203, China
| | - Zhejun Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, 201203, China
| | - Fujie Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, 201203, China
| | - Rui Dang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, 201203, China
| | - Manlin Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, 201203, China.
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, 201203, China.
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13
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Montero-Atalaya M, Expósito S, Muñoz-Arnaiz R, Makarova J, Bartolomé B, Martín E, Moreno-Arribas MV, Herreras O. A dietary polyphenol metabolite alters CA1 excitability ex vivo and mildly affects cortico-hippocampal field potential generators in anesthetized animals. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10411-10425. [PMID: 37550066 PMCID: PMC10545443 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols have beneficial effects in situations of impaired cognition in acute models of neurodegeneration. The possibility that they may have a direct effect on the electrical activity of neuronal populations has not been tested. We explored the electrophysiological action of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on CA1 pyramidal cells ex vivo and network activity in anesthetized female rats using pathway-specific field potential (FP) generators obtained from laminar FPs in cortex and hippocampus. Whole-cell recordings from CA1 pyramidal cells revealed increased synaptic potentials, particularly in response to basal dendritic excitation, while the associated evoked firing was significantly reduced. This counterintuitive result was attributed to a marked increase of the rheobase and voltage threshold, indicating a decreased ability to generate spikes in response to depolarizing current. Systemic administration of PCA only slightly altered the ongoing activity of some FP generators, although it produced a striking disengagement of infraslow activities between the cortex and hippocampus on a scale of minutes. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the direct action of a dietary polyphenol on electrical activity, performing neuromodulatory roles at both the cellular and network levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Montero-Atalaya
- Dept Biotecnología y Microbiología de Alimentos, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Expósito
- Dept Neurociencia Translacional, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Av Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Muñoz-Arnaiz
- Dept Neurociencia Translacional, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Av Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Makarova
- Dept Neurociencia Translacional, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Av Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Dept Biotecnología y Microbiología de Alimentos, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Martín
- Dept Neurociencia Translacional, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Av Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Dept Biotecnología y Microbiología de Alimentos, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, c/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Herreras
- Dept Neurociencia Translacional, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Av Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
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14
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An L, Lu Q, Wang K, Wang Y. Urolithins: A Prospective Alternative against Brain Aging. Nutrients 2023; 15:3884. [PMID: 37764668 PMCID: PMC10534540 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of host-microbiome interactions on cognitive health and disease has received increasing attention. Microbial-derived metabolites produced in the gut are one of crucial mechanisms of the gut-brain axis interaction, showing attractive perspectives. Urolithins (Uros) are gut microbial-derived metabolites of ellagitannins and ellagic acid, whose biotransformation varies considerably between individuals and decreases greatly with age. Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that Uros may have specific advantages in preventing brain aging including favorable blood-brain barrier permeability, selective brain distribution, and increasingly supporting data from preclinical and clinical studies. However, the usability of Uros in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases remains elusive. In this review, we aim to present the comprehensive achievements of Uros in age-related brain dysfunctions and neurodegenerative diseases and discuss their prospects and knowledge gaps as functional food, drugs, or biomarkers against brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei An
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.A.); (Q.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Qiu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.A.); (Q.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.A.); (Q.L.); (K.W.)
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Rizhao Huawei Institute of Comprehensive Health Industries, Shandong Keepfit Biotech. Co., Ltd., Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Yousheng Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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15
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Zhang S, Jin S, Zhang C, Hu S, Li H. Beer-gut microbiome alliance: a discussion of beer-mediated immunomodulation via the gut microbiome. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1186927. [PMID: 37560062 PMCID: PMC10408452 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1186927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As a long-established fermented beverage, beer is rich in many essential amino acids, vitamins, trace elements, and bioactive substances that are involved in the regulation of many human physiological functions. The polyphenols in the malt and hops of beer are also important active compounds that interact in both directions with the gut microbiome. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which polyphenols, fiber, and other beneficial components of beer are fermentatively broken down by the intestinal microbiome to initiate the mucosal immune barrier and thus participate in immune regulation. Beer degradation products have anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antioxidant, and glucolipid metabolism-modulating potential. We have categorized and summarized reported data on changes in disease indicators and in vivo gut microbiota abundance following alcoholic and non-alcoholic beer consumption. The positive effects of bioactive substances in beer in cancer prevention, reduction of cardiovascular events, and modulation of metabolic syndrome make it one of the candidates for microecological modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Zhang
- Department of Microecology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuo Jin
- Department of Microecology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Tsingtao Brewery Co. Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Shumin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Tsingtao Brewery Co. Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Huajun Li
- Department of Microecology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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16
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Yin Y, Martínez R, Zhang W, Estévez M. Crosstalk between dietary pomegranate and gut microbiota: evidence of health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:10009-10035. [PMID: 37335106 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2219763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) is an invisible organ that plays an important role in human health. Increasing evidence suggests that polyphenols in pomegranate (punicalagin, PU) could serve as prebiotics to modulate the composition and function of GM. In turn, GM transform PU into bioactive metabolites such as ellagic acid (EA) and urolithin (Uro). In this review, the interplay between pomegranate and GM is thoroughly described by unveiling a dialog in which both actors seem to affect each other's roles. In a first dialog, the influence of bioactive compounds from pomegranate on GM is described. The second act shows how the GM biotransform pomegranate phenolics into Uro. Finally, the health benefits of Uro and that related molecular mechanism are summarized and discussed. Intake of pomegranate promotes beneficial bacteria in GM (e.g. Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp.) while reducing the growth of harmful bacteria (e.g. Bacteroides fragilis group, Clostridia). Akkermansia muciniphila, and Gordonibacter spp., among others, biotransform PU and EA into Uro. Uro contributes to strengthening intestinal barrier and reducing inflammatory processes. Yet, Uro production varies greatly among individuals and depend on GM composition. Uro-producing bacteria and precise metabolic pathways need to be further elucidated therefore contributing to personalized and precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- TECAL Research Group, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Remigio Martínez
- TECAL Research Group, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit. Animal Health Department, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Wangang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mario Estévez
- TECAL Research Group, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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Li J, Liao R, Zhang S, Weng H, Liu Y, Tao T, Yu F, Li G, Wu J. Promising remedies for cardiovascular disease: Natural polyphenol ellagic acid and its metabolite urolithins. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154867. [PMID: 37257327 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant worldwide factor contributing to human fatality and morbidity. With the increase of incidence rates, it is of concern that there is a lack of current therapeutic alternatives because of multiple side effects. Ellagic acid (EA), the natural polyphenol (C14H6O8), is abundant in pomegranates, berries, and nuts. EA and its intestinal microflora metabolite, urolithins, have recently attracted much attention as a potential novel "medicine" because of their wide pharmacological properties. PURPOSE This study aimed to critically analyze available literature to summarize the beneficial effects of EA and urolithins, and highlights their druggability and therapeutic potential in various CVDs. METHODS We systematically studied research and review articles between 1984 and 2022 available on various databases to obtain the data on EA and urolithins with no language restriction. Their cardiovascular protective activities, underlying mechanism, and druggability were highlighted and discussed comprehensively. RESULTS We found that EA and urolithins may exert preventive and curative effects on CVD with negligible side effects and possibly regulate lipid metabolism imbalance, pro-inflammatory factor production, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, endothelial cell dysfunction, and Ca2+ intake and release. Potentially, this may lead to the prevention and amelioration of atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, cardiac fibrosis, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiotoxicities in vivo. Several molecules and signaling pathways are associated with their therapeutic actions, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, NF-κB, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2, sirtuin1, miRNA, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. CONCLUSION In vitro and in vivo studies shows that EA and urolithins could be used as valid candidates for early prevention and effective therapeutic strategies for various CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Li
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruixue Liao
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Shijia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Huimin Weng
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yuanzhi Liu
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Tianyi Tao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengxu Yu
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jianming Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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18
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Carecho R, Carregosa D, Ratilal BO, Figueira I, Ávila-Gálvez MA, Dos Santos CN, Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic N. Dietary (Poly)phenols in Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108908. [PMID: 37240254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of death and disability in young adults worldwide. Despite growing evidence and advances in our knowledge regarding the multifaceted pathophysiology of TBI, the underlying mechanisms, though, are still to be fully elucidated. Whereas initial brain insult involves acute and irreversible primary damage to the brain, the processes of subsequent secondary brain injury progress gradually over months to years, providing a window of opportunity for therapeutic interventions. To date, extensive research has been focused on the identification of druggable targets involved in these processes. Despite several decades of successful pre-clinical studies and very promising results, when transferred to clinics, these drugs showed, at best, modest beneficial effects, but more often, an absence of effects or even very harsh side effects in TBI patients. This reality has highlighted the need for novel approaches that will be able to respond to the complexity of the TBI and tackle TBI pathological processes on multiple levels. Recent evidence strongly indicates that nutritional interventions may provide a unique opportunity to enhance the repair processes after TBI. Dietary (poly)phenols, a big class of compounds abundantly found in fruits and vegetables, have emerged in the past few years as promising agents to be used in TBI settings due to their proven pleiotropic effects. Here, we give an overview of the pathophysiology of TBI and the underlying molecular mechanisms, followed by a state-of-the-art summary of the studies that have evaluated the efficacy of (poly)phenols administration to decrease TBI-associated damage in various animal TBI models and in a limited number of clinical trials. The current limitations on our knowledge concerning (poly)phenol effects in TBI in the pre-clinical studies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Carecho
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diogo Carregosa
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Oliveira Ratilal
- Hospital CUF Descobertas, CUF Academic Center, 1998-018 Lisboa, Portugal
- Clínica Universitária de Neurocirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Figueira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Angeles Ávila-Gálvez
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Group of Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Cláudia Nunes Dos Santos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Natasa Loncarevic-Vasiljkovic
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
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19
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Ellagitannins, urolithins, and neuroprotection: Human evidence and the possible link to the gut microbiota. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 89:101109. [PMID: 35940941 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ellagitannins (ETs) and ellagic acid (EA) are dietary polyphenols poorly absorbed but extensively metabolized by the human gut microbiota to produce different urolithins (Uros). Depending on the individuals' microbial signatures, ETs metabolism can yield the Uro metabotypes A, B, or 0, potentially impacting human health after consuming ETs. Human evidence points to improved brain health after consuming ET-rich foods, mainly pomegranate juices and extracts containing punicalagin, punicalin, and different EA-derivatives. Although ETs and (or) EA are necessary to exert the effects, the precise mechanism, actual metabolites, or final drivers responsible for the observed effects have not been unraveled. The cause-and-effect evidence on Uro-A administration and the improvement of animal brain health is consistent but not addressed in humans. The Uro-A's in vivo anti-inflammatory, mitophagy, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis activities suggest it as a possible final driver in neuroprotection. However, the precise Uro metabolic forms reaching the brain are unknown. In addition to the possible participation of direct effectors in brain tissues, the current evidence points out that improving blood flow, gut microbiota ecology, and gut barrier by ET-rich foods and (or) Uro-A could contribute to the neuroprotective effects. We show here the current human evidence on ETs and brain health, the possible link between the gut microbiota metabolism of ETs and their effects, including the preservation of the gut barrier integrity, and the possible role of Uros. Finally, we propose a roadmap to address what is missing on ETs, Uros, and neuroprotection.
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20
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Spennato M, Roggero OM, Varriale S, Asaro F, Cortesi A, Kašpar J, Tongiorgi E, Pezzella C, Gardossi L. Neuroprotective Properties of Cardoon Leaves Extracts against Neurodevelopmental Deficits in an In Vitro Model of Rett Syndrome Depend on the Extraction Method and Harvest Time. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248772. [PMID: 36557905 PMCID: PMC9783035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the bioactive properties of different extracts of cardoon leaves in rescuing neuronal development arrest in an in vitro model of Rett syndrome (RTT). Samples were obtained from plants harvested at different maturity stages and extracted with two different methodologies, namely Naviglio® and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). While scCO2 extracts more hydrophobic fractions, the Naviglio® method extracts phenolic compounds and less hydrophobic components. Only the scCO2 cardoon leaves extract obtained from plants harvested in spring induced a significant rescue of neuronal atrophy in RTT neurons, while the scCO2 extract from the autumn harvest stimulated dendrite outgrowth in Wild-Type (WT) neurons. The scCO2 extracts were the richest in squalene, 3ß-taraxerol and lupeol, with concentrations in autumn harvest doubling those in spring harvest. The Naviglio® extract was rich in cynaropicrin and exerted a toxic effect at 20 µM on both WT and RTT neurons. When cynaropicrin, squalene, lupeol and 3ß-taraxerol were tested individually, no positive effect was observed, whereas a significant neurotoxicity of cynaropicrin and lupeol was evident. In conclusion, cardoon leaves extracts with high content of hydrophobic bioactive molecules and low cynaropicrin and lupeol concentrations have pharmacological potential to stimulate neuronal development in RTT and WT neurons in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Spennato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ottavia Maria Roggero
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Simona Varriale
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia, 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fioretta Asaro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Angelo Cortesi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio 6/A, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jan Kašpar
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Enrico Tongiorgi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pezzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia, 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Gardossi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence:
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21
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The Molecular Gut-Brain Axis in Early Brain Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315389. [PMID: 36499716 PMCID: PMC9739658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of nerves, immune factors, and hormones in the circulatory system connect the gut and the brain. In bidirectional communication, the gut microbiota play a crucial role in the gut-brain axis (GBA), wherein microbial metabolites of the gut microbiota regulate intestinal homeostasis, thereby influencing brain activity. Dynamic changes are observed in gut microbiota as well as during brain development. Altering the gut microbiota could serve as a therapeutic target for treating abnormalities associated with brain development. Neurophysiological development and immune regulatory disorders are affected by changes that occur in gut microbiota composition and function. The molecular aspects relevant to the GBA could help develop targeted therapies for neurodevelopmental diseases. Herein, we review the findings of recent studies on the role of the GBA in its underlying molecular mechanisms in the early stages of brain development. Furthermore, we discuss the bidirectional regulation of gut microbiota from mother to infant and the potential signaling pathways and roles of posttranscriptional modifications in brain functions. Our review summarizes the role of molecular GBA in early brain development and related disorders, providing cues for novel therapeutic targets.
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22
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Biochemistry of Antioxidants: Mechanisms and Pharmaceutical Applications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123051. [PMID: 36551806 PMCID: PMC9776363 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants from fruits and vegetables, meats, eggs and fish protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals. They are widely used to reduce food loss and waste, minimizing lipid oxidation, as well as for their effects on health through pharmaceutical preparations. In fact, the use of natural antioxidants is among the main efforts made to relieve the pressure on natural resources and to move towards more sustainable food and pharmaceutical systems. Alternative food waste management approaches include the valorization of by-products as a source of phenolic compounds for functional food formulations. In this review, we will deal with the chemistry of antioxidants, including their molecular structures and reaction mechanisms. The biochemical aspects will also be reviewed, including the effects of acidity and temperature on their partitioning in binary and multiphasic systems. The poor bioavailability of antioxidants remains a huge constraint for clinical applications, and we will briefly describe some delivery systems that provide for enhanced pharmacological action of antioxidants via drug targeting and increased bioavailability. The pharmacological activity of antioxidants can be improved by designing nanotechnology-based formulations, and recent nanoformulations include nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, liposomes/proliposomes, phytosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, all showing promising outcomes in improving the efficiency and bioavailability of antioxidants. Finally, an overview of the pharmacological effects, therapeutic properties and future choice of antioxidants will be incorporated.
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23
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García‐Villalba R, Giménez‐Bastida JA, Cortés‐Martín A, Ávila‐Gálvez MÁ, Tomás‐Barberán FA, Selma MV, Espín JC, González‐Sarrías A. Urolithins: a Comprehensive Update on their Metabolism, Bioactivity, and Associated Gut Microbiota. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101019. [PMID: 35118817 PMCID: PMC9787965 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Urolithins, metabolites produced by the gut microbiota from the polyphenols ellagitannins and ellagic acid, are discovered by the research group in humans almost 20 years ago. Pioneering research suggests urolithins as pleiotropic bioactive contributors to explain the health benefits after consuming ellagitannin-rich sources (pomegranates, walnuts, strawberries, etc.). Here, this study comprehensively updates the knowledge on urolithins, emphasizing the review of the literature published during the last 5 years. To date, 13 urolithins and their corresponding conjugated metabolites (glucuronides, sulfates, etc.) have been described and, depending on the urolithin, detected in different human fluids and tissues (urine, blood, feces, breastmilk, prostate, colon, and breast tissues). There has been a substantial advance in the research on microorganisms involved in urolithin production, along with the compositional and functional characterization of the gut microbiota associated with urolithins metabolism that gives rise to the so-called urolithin metabotypes (UM-A, UM-B, and UM-0), relevant in human health. The design of in vitro studies using physiologically relevant assay conditions (molecular forms and concentrations) is still a pending subject, making some reported urolithin activities questionable. In contrast, remarkable progress has been made in the research on the safety, bioactivity, and associated mechanisms of urolithin A, including the first human interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío García‐Villalba
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on QualitySafety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICMurciaCampus de EspinardoSpain
| | - Juan Antonio Giménez‐Bastida
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on QualitySafety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICMurciaCampus de EspinardoSpain
| | - Adrián Cortés‐Martín
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on QualitySafety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICMurciaCampus de EspinardoSpain
| | - María Ángeles Ávila‐Gálvez
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on QualitySafety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICMurciaCampus de EspinardoSpain
| | - Francisco A. Tomás‐Barberán
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on QualitySafety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICMurciaCampus de EspinardoSpain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on QualitySafety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICMurciaCampus de EspinardoSpain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on QualitySafety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICMurciaCampus de EspinardoSpain
| | - Antonio González‐Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food & HealthResearch Group on QualitySafety and Bioactivity of Plant FoodsCEBAS‐CSICMurciaCampus de EspinardoSpain
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24
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Eidizade F, Soukhtanloo M, Zhiani R, Mehrzad J, Mirzavi F. Inhibition of glioblastoma proliferation, invasion, and migration by Urolithin B through inducing G0/G1 arrest and targeting MMP-2/-9 expression and activity. Biofactors 2022; 49:379-389. [PMID: 36310375 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
One kind of brain cancer with a dismal prognosis is called glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) due to its high growth rate and widespread tumor cell invasion into various areas of the brain. To improve therapeutic approaches, the objective of this research investigates the cytotoxic, anti-metastatic, and apoptotic effect of urolithin-B (UB) as a bioactive metabolite of ellagitannins (ETs) on GBM U87 cells. The malignant GBM cell line (U87) was examined for apoptosis rate, cell cycle analysis, cell viability, mRNA expressions of several apoptotic and metastasis-associated genes, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), MMP-2, and MMP-9 activity and protein expression, and migration ability. The findings revealed that UB decreased U87 GBM viability in a dose-dependent manner and NIH/3T3 normal cells with the IC50 value of 30 and 55 μM after 24 h, respectively. UB also induces necrosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in U87 cells. UB also increases ROS production and caused down-regulation of Bcl2 and up-regulation of Bax apoptotic genes. Additionally, treatment of UB reduced the migration of U87 cells. The protein levels, mRNA expression, and the MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzyme activities also decreased concentration-dependently. So, due to the non-toxic nature of UB and its ability to induce apoptosis and reduce the U87 GBM cell invasion and migration, after more research, it can be regarded as a promising new anti-GBM compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Eidizade
- Department of Biochemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rahele Zhiani
- Department of Chemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
- New Materials Technology and Processing Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Jamshid Mehrzad
- Department of Biochemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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25
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Carregosa D, Pinto C, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Bastos P, Berry D, Santos CN. A look beyond dietary (poly)phenols: The low molecular weight phenolic metabolites and their concentrations in human circulation. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3931-3962. [PMID: 36037277 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A large number of epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of fruits, vegetables, and beverages rich in (poly)phenols promote numerous health benefits from cardiovascular to neurological diseases. Evidence on (poly)phenols has been applied mainly to flavonoids, yet the role of phenolic acids has been largely overlooked. Such phenolics present in food combine with those resulting from gut microbiota catabolism of flavonoids and chlorogenic acids and those produced by endogenous pathways, resulting in large concentrations of low molecular weight phenolic metabolites in human circulation. Independently of the origin, in human intervention studies using diets rich in (poly)phenols, a total of 137 low molecular weight phenolic metabolites have been detected and quantified in human circulation with largely unknown biological function. In this review, we will pinpoint two main aspects of the low molecular weight phenolic metabolites: (i) the microbiota responsible for their generation, and (ii) the analysis (quali- and quantitative) in human circulation and their respective pharmacokinetics. In doing so, we aim to drive scientific advances regarding the ubiquitous roles of low molecular weight phenolic metabolites using physiologically relevant concentrations and under (patho)physiologically relevant conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Carregosa
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - María Ángeles Ávila-Gálvez
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.,iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paulo Bastos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Berry
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cláudia Nunes Santos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas, NMS
- FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.,iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal
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26
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Dentoni G, Castro-Aldrete L, Naia L, Ankarcrona M. The Potential of Small Molecules to Modulate the Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Interplay in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:920228. [PMID: 36092728 PMCID: PMC9459385 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.920228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease affecting a growing number of elderly individuals. No disease-modifying drugs have yet been identified despite over 30 years of research on the topic, showing the need for further research on this multifactorial disease. In addition to the accumulation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), several other alterations have been associated with AD such as calcium (Ca2+) signaling, glucose-, fatty acid-, cholesterol-, and phospholipid metabolism, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, all these processes have been associated with the mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact site (MERCS) signaling hub. We and others have hypothesized that the dysregulated MERCS function may be one of the main pathogenic pathways driving AD pathology. Due to the variety of biological processes overseen at the MERCS, we believe that they constitute unique therapeutic targets to boost the neuronal function and recover neuronal homeostasis. Thus, developing molecules with the capacity to correct and/or modulate the MERCS interplay can unleash unique therapeutic opportunities for AD. The potential pharmacological intervention using MERCS modulators in different models of AD is currently under investigation. Here, we survey small molecules with the potential to modulate MERCS structures and functions and restore neuronal homeostasis in AD. We will focus on recently reported examples and provide an overview of the current challenges and future perspectives to develop MERCS modulators in the context of translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Ankarcrona
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Scott MB, Styring AK, McCullagh JSO. Polyphenols: Bioavailability, Microbiome Interactions and Cellular Effects on Health in Humans and Animals. Pathogens 2022; 11:770. [PMID: 35890016 PMCID: PMC9324685 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds have a variety of functions in plants including protecting them from a range of abiotic and biotic stresses such as pathogenic infections, ionising radiation and as signalling molecules. They are common constituents of human and animal diets, undergoing extensive metabolism by gut microbiota in many cases prior to entering circulation. They are linked to a range of positive health effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic and disease-specific activities but the relationships between polyphenol bio-transformation products and their interactions in vivo are less well understood. Here we review the state of knowledge in this area, specifically what happens to dietary polyphenols after ingestion and how this is linked to health effects in humans and animals; paying particular attention to farm animals and pigs. We focus on the chemical transformation of polyphenols after ingestion, through microbial transformation, conjugation, absorption, entry into circulation and uptake by cells and tissues, focusing on recent findings in relation to bone. We review what is known about how these processes affect polyphenol bioactivity, highlighting gaps in knowledge. The implications of extending the use of polyphenols to treat specific pathogenic infections and other illnesses is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Scott
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK;
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK;
| | - Amy K. Styring
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK;
| | - James S. O. McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK;
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28
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Chen P, Guo Z, Chen F, Wu Y, Zhou B. Recent Advances and Perspectives on the Health Benefits of Urolithin B, A Bioactive Natural Product Derived From Ellagitannins. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917266. [PMID: 35814202 PMCID: PMC9257173 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithin (Uro) B is a natural compound produced by gut bacteria from ingested ellagitannins (ETs) and ellagic acid (EA), complex polyphenols abundant in foods such as pomegranates, raspberries, blueberries and chestnuts. Uro B has recently garnered considerable attention owing to its wide range of nutraceutical effects and relatively high potency. According to several studies, Uro B prevents the development of hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and tumors due to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Many reviews have systematically summarized the health benefits and pharmacological activities of ETs, EA and urolithins (especially Uro A) while available reviews or detailed summaries on the positive impact of Uro B are rarer. Here, we sought to review the pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, regulation of immune function and its associated diseases and preventive potential of Uro B to elucidate its function as a nutritional agent in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiei Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuchao Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Benhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Benhong Zhou,
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Vanillic acid induces mitochondrial biogenesis in SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4443-4449. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ning J, Huang SY, Chen SD, Zhang YR, Huang YY, Yu JT. Investigating Casual Associations Among Gut Microbiota, Metabolites, and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:211-222. [PMID: 35275534 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies had explored that gut microbiota was associated with neurodegenerative diseases (including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)) through the gut-brain axis, among which metabolic pathways played an important role. However, the underlying causality remained unclear. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to evaluate potential causal relationships between gut microbiota, metabolites, and neurodegenerative diseases through Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS We selected genetic variants associated with gut microbiota traits (N = 18,340) and gut microbiota-derived metabolites (N = 7,824) from genome-wide association studies. Summary statistics of neurodegenerative diseases were obtained from IGAP (AD, 17,008 cases; 37,154 controls), IPDGC (PD, 37,688 cases; 141,779 controls), and IALSC (ALS, 20,806 cases; 59,804 controls) respectively. RESULTS Greater abundance of Ruminococcus (OR, 1.245; 95% CI, 1.103-1.405; p = 0.0004) was found significantly related to higher risk of ALS. Besides, our study found suggestive associations of Actinobacteria, Lactobacillaceae, Faecalibacterium, Ruminiclostridium, and Lachnoclostridium with AD, of Lentisphaerae, Lentisphaeria, Oxalobacteraceae, Victivallales, Bacillales, Eubacteriumhalliigroup, Anaerostipes, and Clostridiumsensustricto1 with PD, and of Lachnospira, Fusicatenibacter, Catenibacterium, and Ruminococcusgnavusgroup with ALS. Our study also revealed suggestive associations between 12 gut microbiome-dependent metabolites and neurodegenerative diseases. Glutamine was related to lower risk of AD. For the serotonin pathway, serotonin was found as a protective factor of PD, while kynurenine as a risk factor for ALS. CONCLUSION Our study firstly applied a two-sample MR approach to detect causal relationships among gut microbiota, gut metabolites, and neurodegenerative diseases. Our findings may provide new targets for treatments and may offer valuable insights for further studies on the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ning
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Yi Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Dong Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
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Tan S, Tong WH, Vyas A. Impact of Plant-Based Foods and Nutraceuticals on Toxoplasma gondii Cysts: Nutritional Therapy as a Viable Approach for Managing Chronic Brain Toxoplasmosis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:827286. [PMID: 35284438 PMCID: PMC8914227 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.827286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that mainly infects warm-blooded animals including humans. T. gondii can encyst and persist chronically in the brain, leading to a broad spectrum of neurological sequelae. Despite the associated health threats, no clinical drug is currently available to eliminate T. gondii cysts. In a continuous effort to uncover novel therapeutic agents for these cysts, the potential of nutritional products has been explored. Herein, we describe findings from in vitro and in vivo studies that support the efficacy of plant-based foods and nutraceuticals against brain cyst burden and cerebral pathologies associated with chronic toxoplasmosis. Finally, we discuss strategies to increase the translatability of preclinical studies and nutritional products to address whether nutritional therapy can be beneficial for coping with chronic T. gondii infections in humans.
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Xiao Y, Li K, Bian J, Liu H, Zhai X, El‐Omar E, Han L, Gong L, Wang M. Urolithin A attenuates diabetes‐associated cognitive impairment by ameliorating intestinal barrier dysfunction via N‐glycan biosynthesis pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100863. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A & F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Kailin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A & F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Ji Bian
- Kolling Institute Sydney Medical School Royal North Shore Hospital University of Sydney St. Leonards NSW 2065 Australia
| | - Hang Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xiaotong Zhai
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A & F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration No.11 Baiwanzhuang Street Beijing 100037 China
| | - Emad El‐Omar
- Microbiome Research Centre St George and Sutherland Clinical School University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - Lin Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A & F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Lan Gong
- Microbiome Research Centre St George and Sutherland Clinical School University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Northwest A & F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
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The profile of buckwheat tannins based on widely targeted metabolome analysis and pharmacokinetic study of ellagitannin metabolite urolithin A. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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34
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Urolithins: Diet-Derived Bioavailable Metabolites to Tackle Diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124285. [PMID: 34959837 PMCID: PMC8705976 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes remains one of the leading causes of deaths and co-morbidities in the world, with tremendous human, social and economic costs. Therefore, despite therapeutics and technological advancements, improved strategies to tackle diabetes management are still needed. One of the suggested strategies is the consumption of (poly)phenols. Positive outcomes of dietary (poly)phenols have been pointed out towards different features in diabetes. This is the case of ellagitannins, which are present in numerous foodstuffs such as pomegranate, berries, and nuts. Ellagitannins have been reported to have a multitude of effects on metabolic diseases. However, these compounds have high molecular weight and do not reach circulation at effective concentrations, being metabolized in smaller compounds. After being metabolized into ellagic acid in the small intestine, the colonic microbiota hydrolyzes and metabolizes ellagic acid into dibenzopyran-6-one derivatives, known as urolithins. These low molecular weight compounds reach circulation in considerable concentrations ranging until micromolar levels, capable of reaching target tissues. Different urolithins are formed throughout the metabolization process, but urolithin A, isourolithin A, and urolithin B, and their phase-II metabolites are the most frequent ones. In recent years, urolithins have been the focus of attention in regard to their effects on a multiplicity of chronic diseases, including cancer and diabetes. In this review, we will discuss the latest advances about the protective effects of urolithins on diabetes.
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p21-Activated kinase 1 (PAK1) in aging and longevity: An overview. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101443. [PMID: 34390849 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The p21-activated kinases (PAKs) belong to serine/threonine kinases family, regulated by ∼21 kDa small signaling G proteins RAC1 and CDC42. The mammalian PAK family comprises six members (PAK1-6) that are classified into two groups (I and II) based on their domain architecture and regulatory mechanisms. PAKs are implicated in a wide range of cellular functions. PAK1 has recently attracted increasing attention owing to its involvement in oncogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis as well as several life-limiting diseases and pathological conditions. In Caenorhabditis elegans, PAK1 functions limit the lifespan under basal conditions by inhibiting forkhead transcription factor DAF-16. Interestingly, PAK depletion extended longevity and attenuated the onset of age-related phenotypes in a premature-aging mouse model and delayed senescence in mammalian fibroblasts. These observations implicate PAKs as not only oncogenic but also aging kinases. Therefore, PAK-targeting genetic and/or pharmacological interventions, particularly PAK1-targeting, could be a viable strategy for developing cancer therapies with relatively no side effects and promoting healthy longevity. This review describes PAK family proteins, their biological functions, and their role in regulating aging and longevity using C. elegans. Moreover, we discuss the effect of small-molecule PAK1 inhibitors on the lifespan and healthspan of C. elegans.
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Jayatunga DPW, Hone E, Khaira H, Lunelli T, Singh H, Guillemin GJ, Fernando B, Garg ML, Verdile G, Martins RN. Therapeutic Potential of Mitophagy-Inducing Microflora Metabolite, Urolithin A for Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113744. [PMID: 34836000 PMCID: PMC8617978 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction including deficits of mitophagy is seen in aging and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Apart from traditionally targeting amyloid beta (Aβ), the main culprit in AD brains, other approaches include investigating impaired mitochondrial pathways for potential therapeutic benefits against AD. Thus, a future therapy for AD may focus on novel candidates that enhance optimal mitochondrial integrity and turnover. Bioactive food components, known as nutraceuticals, may serve as such agents to combat AD. Urolithin A is an intestinal microbe-derived metabolite of a class of polyphenols, ellagitannins (ETs). Urolithin A is known to exert many health benefits. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-Aβ, and pro-mitophagy properties are increasingly recognized. However, the underlying mechanisms of urolithin A in inducing mitophagy is poorly understood. This review discusses the mitophagy deficits in AD and examines potential molecular mechanisms of its activation. Moreover, the current knowledge of urolithin A is discussed, focusing on its neuroprotective properties and its potential to induce mitophagy. Specifically, this review proposes potential mechanisms by which urolithin A may activate and promote mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona Pamoda W. Jayatunga
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Eugene Hone
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Harjot Khaira
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Taciana Lunelli
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2011, Australia
| | - Binosha Fernando
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Manohar L. Garg
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (H.K.); (T.L.); (H.S.); (M.L.G.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (D.P.W.J.); (E.H.); (B.F.); (G.V.)
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, 8 Verdun Street., Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9347-4200
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Dow CT. Warm, Sweetened Milk at the Twilight of Immunity - Alzheimer's Disease - Inflammaging, Insulin Resistance, M. paratuberculosis and Immunosenescence. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714179. [PMID: 34421917 PMCID: PMC8375433 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This article prosecutes a case against the zoonotic pathogen Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis (MAP) as a precipitant of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Like the other major neurodegenerative diseases AD is, at its core, a proteinopathy. Aggregated extracellular amyloid protein plaques and intracellular tau protein tangles are the recognized protein pathologies of AD. Autophagy is the cellular housekeeping process that manages protein quality control and recycling, cellular metabolism, and pathogen elimination. Impaired autophagy and cerebral insulin resistance are invariant features of AD. With a backdrop of age-related low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) and heightened immune risk (immunosenescence), infection with MAP subverts glucose metabolism and further exhausts an already exhausted autophagic capacity. Increasingly, a variety of agents have been found to favorably impact AD; they are agents that promote autophagy and reduce insulin resistance. The potpourri of these therapeutic agents: mTOR inhibitors, SIRT1 activators and vaccines are seemingly random until one recognizes that all these agents also suppress intracellular mycobacterial infection. The zoonotic mycobacterial MAP causes a common fatal enteritis in ruminant animals. Humans are exposed to MAP from contaminated food products and from the environment. The enteritis in animals is called paratuberculosis or Johne’s disease; in humans, it is the putative cause of Crohn’s disease. Beyond Crohn’s, MAP is associated with an increasing number of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: sarcoidosis, Blau syndrome, autoimmune diabetes, autoimmune thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, MAP has been associated with Parkinson’s disease. India is one county that has extensively studied the human bio-load of MAP; 30% of more than 28,000 tested individuals were found to harbor, or to have harbored, MAP. This article asserts an unfolding realization that MAP infection of humans 1) is widespread in its presence, 2) is wide-ranging in its zoonosis and 3) provides a plausible link connecting MAP to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coad Thomas Dow
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Novak V, Rogelj B, Župunski V. Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081328. [PMID: 34439576 PMCID: PMC8389294 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are severe neurodegenerative disorders that belong to a common disease spectrum. The molecular and cellular aetiology of the spectrum is a highly complex encompassing dysfunction in many processes, including mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. There is a paucity of treatment options aside from therapies with subtle effects on the post diagnostic lifespan and symptom management. This presents great interest and necessity for the discovery and development of new compounds and therapies with beneficial effects on the disease. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites found in plant-based foods and are well known for their antioxidant activity. Recent research suggests that they also have a diverse array of neuroprotective functions that could lead to better treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. We present an overview of the effects of various polyphenols in cell line and animal models of ALS/FTD. Furthermore, possible mechanisms behind actions of the most researched compounds (resveratrol, curcumin and green tea catechins) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Novak
- Chair of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (V.N.); (B.R.)
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Chair of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (V.N.); (B.R.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vera Župunski
- Chair of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (V.N.); (B.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Effect of Ellagic Acid on Seizure Threshold in Two Acute Seizure Tests in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164841. [PMID: 34443428 PMCID: PMC8398784 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural dietary polyphenol that has many beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects. Studies have revealed that EA may modulate seizure activity in chemically induced animal models of seizures. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of EA on the seizure threshold in two acute seizure tests in male mice, i.e., in the intravenous (i.v.) pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure test and in the maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) test. The obtained results showed that EA (100 mg/kg) significantly elevated the threshold for both the first myoclonic twitch and generalized clonic seizure in the i.v. PTZ seizure test. At the highest dose tested (200 mg/kg), EA increased the threshold for tonic hindlimb extension in the MEST test. EA did not produce any significant changes in motor coordination (assessed in the chimney test) or muscular strength (investigated in the grip-strength test). The plasma and total brain concentration-time profiles of EA after intraperitoneal and oral administration were also determined. Although further studies are necessary to confirm the anticonvulsant activity of EA, our findings suggest that it may modulate seizure susceptibility in animal models.
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Esselun C, Theyssen E, Eckert GP. Effects of Urolithin A on Mitochondrial Parameters in a Cellular Model of Early Alzheimer Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158333. [PMID: 34361099 PMCID: PMC8347929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Ellagitannins are natural products occurring in pomegranate and walnuts. They are hydrolyzed in the gut to release ellagic acid, which is further metabolized by the microflora into urolithins, such as urolithin A (UA). Accumulation of damaged mitochondria is a hallmark of aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective activity of the metabolite UA against mitochondrial dysfunction in a cellular model of early Alzheimer disease (AD). (2) Methods: In the present study we used SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells and its corresponding controls (SH-SY5Ymock) to assess UA’s effect on mitochondrial function. Using these cells we investigated mitochondrial respiration (OXPHOS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, autophagy and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells treated with UA. Furthermore, we assessed UA’s effect on the expression of genes related to mitochondrial bioenergetics, mitochondrial biogenesis, and autophagy via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). (3) Results: Treatment of SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells suggests changes to autophagy corresponding with qRT-PCR results. However, LC3B-I, LC3B-II, and p62 levels were unchanged. UA (10 µM) reduced MMP, and ATP-levels. Treatment of cells with UA (1 µM) for 24 h did not affect ROS production or levels of Aβ, but significantly increased expression of genes for mitochondrial biogenesis and OXPHOS. Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A (TFAM) expression was specifically increased in SH-SY5Y-APP695. Both cell lines showed unaltered levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α), which is commonly associated with mitochondrial biogenesis. Results imply that biogenesis might be facilitated by estrogen-related receptor (ESRR) genes. (4) Conclusion: Urolithin A shows no effect on autophagy in SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells and its effect on mitochondrial function is limited. Instead, data suggests that UA treatment induces hormetic effects as it induces transcription of several genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Giménez-Bastida JA, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Espín JC, González-Sarrías A. Evidence for health properties of pomegranate juices and extracts beyond nutrition: A critical systematic review of human studies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nargeh H, Aliabadi F, Ajami M, Pazoki-Toroudi H. Role of Polyphenols on Gut Microbiota and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Neurodegenerative Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6119-6144. [PMID: 34038102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Today, neurodegenerative diseases have become a remarkable public health challenge due to their direct relation with aging. Accordingly, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms occurring in the pathogenesis of them is essential. Both protein aggregations as a result of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) inefficiency and gut microbiota alternation are the main pathogenic hallmarks. Polyphenols upregulating this system may decrease the developing rate of neurodegenerative diseases. Most of the dietary intake of polyphenols is converted into other microbial metabolites, which have completely different biological properties from the original polyphenols and should be thoroughly investigated. Herein, several prevalent neurodegenerative diseases are pinpointed to explain the role of gut microbiota alternations and the role of molecular changes, especially UPS down-regulation in their pathogenesis. Some of the most important polyphenols found in our diet are explained along with their microbial metabolites in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Nargeh
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aliabadi
- Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
| | - Marjan Ajami
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 7th Floor, Bldg No. 2 SBUMS, Arabi Avenue, Daneshjoo Boulevard, Velenjak, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi
- Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran
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Tran SMS, Mohajeri MH. The Role of Gut Bacterial Metabolites in Brain Development, Aging and Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:732. [PMID: 33669008 PMCID: PMC7996516 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, emerging evidence has reported correlations between the gut microbiome and human health and disease, including those affecting the brain. We performed a systematic assessment of the available literature focusing on gut bacterial metabolites and their associations with diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). The bacterial metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as well as non-SCFAs like amino acid metabolites (AAMs) and bacterial amyloids are described in particular. We found significantly altered SCFA levels in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), affective disorders, multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Non-SCFAs yielded less significantly distinct changes in faecal levels of patients and healthy controls, with the majority of findings were derived from urinary and blood samples. Preclinical studies have implicated different bacterial metabolites with potentially beneficial as well as detrimental mechanisms in brain diseases. Examples include immunomodulation and changes in catecholamine production by histone deacetylase inhibition, anti-inflammatory effects through activity on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and involvement in protein misfolding. Overall, our findings highlight the existence of altered bacterial metabolites in patients across various brain diseases, as well as potential neuroactive effects by which gut-derived SCFAs, p-cresol, indole derivatives and bacterial amyloids could impact disease development and progression. The findings summarized in this review could lead to further insights into the gut-brain-axis and thus into potential diagnostic, therapeutic or preventive strategies in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Hasan Mohajeri
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
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Casani-Cubel J, Benlloch M, Sanchis-Sanchis CE, Marin R, Lajara-Romance JM, de la Rubia Orti JE. The Impact of Microbiota on the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and the Possible Benefits of Polyphenols. An Overview. Metabolites 2021; 11:120. [PMID: 33672485 PMCID: PMC7923408 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between gut microbiota and neurodegenerative diseases is becoming clearer. Among said diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) stands out due to its severity and, as with other chronic pathologies that cause neurodegeneration, gut microbiota could play a fundamental role in its pathogenesis. Therefore, polyphenols could be a therapeutic alternative due to their anti-inflammatory action and probiotic effect. Thus, the objective of our narrative review was to identify those bacteria that could have connection with the mentioned disease (ALS) and to analyze the benefits produced by administering polyphenols. Therefore, an extensive search was carried out selecting the most relevant articles published between 2005 and 2020 on the PubMed and EBSCO database on research carried out on cell, animal and human models of the disease. Thereby, after selecting, analyzing and debating the main articles on this topic, the bacteria related to the pathogenesis of ALS have been identified, among which we can positively highlight the presence mainly of Akkermansia muciniphila, but also Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. or Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. Nevertheless, the presence of Escherichia coli or Ruminococcus torques stand out negatively for the disease. In addition, most of these bacteria are associated with molecular changes also linked to the pathogenesis of ALS. However, once the main polyphenols related to improvements in any of these three ALS models were assessed, many of them show positive results that could improve the prognosis of the disease. Nonetheless, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), curcumin and resveratrol are the polyphenols considered to show the most promising results as a therapeutic alternative for ALS through changes in microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Casani-Cubel
- Doctoral Degree School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - María Benlloch
- Department of Health Science, Catholic University San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - Raquel Marin
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38190 Tenerife, Spain;
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Carecho R, Carregosa D, Dos Santos CN. Low Molecular Weight (poly)Phenol Metabolites Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: The Underexplored Journey. Brain Plast 2021; 6:193-214. [PMID: 33782650 PMCID: PMC7990460 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The world of (poly)phenols arising from dietary sources has been significantly amplified with the discovery of low molecular weight (LMW) (poly)phenol metabolites resulting from phase I and phase II metabolism and microbiota transformations. These metabolites, which are known to reach human circulation have been studied to further explore their interesting properties, especially regarding neuroprotection. Nevertheless, once in circulation, their distribution to target tissues, such as the brain, relies on their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), one of the most controlled barriers present in humans. This represents a key step of an underexplored journey towards the brain. Present review highlights the main findings related to the ability of LMW (poly)phenol metabolites to reach the brain, considering different studies: in silico, in vitro, and in vivo. The mechanisms associated with the transport of these LMW (poly)phenol metabolites across the BBB and possible transporters will be discussed. Overall, the transport of these LMW (poly)phenol metabolites is crucial to elucidate which compounds may exert direct neuroprotective effects, so it is imperative to continue dissecting their potential to cross the BBB and the mechanisms behind their permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Carecho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diogo Carregosa
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.,iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes Dos Santos
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.,iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Oeiras, Portugal
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De Oliveira GS, Pinheiro GS, Proença IC, Blembeel A, Casal MZ, Pochmann D, Tartaruga L, Martinez FG, Araújo AS, Elsner V, Dani C. Aquatic exercise associated or not with grape juice consumption-modulated oxidative parameters in Parkinson disease patients: A randomized intervention study. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06185. [PMID: 33644467 PMCID: PMC7887390 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with significant motor disabilities and cognitive decline. Importantly, the imbalance of oxidative stress is related to PD physiopathology and progression. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of grape juice consumption associated with an aquatic exercise protocol on oxidative stress parameters and cognitive function in individuals with PD. The participants were randomized into two groups: grape juice group (GJG) and control group (CG) and were submitted to 4 weeks of an aquatic intervention (twice a week, approximately 60 minutes/session). The GJG also consumed 400 ml of grape juice per day (integral and conventional) during this period. Cognitive function was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCa) questionnaire. For the analysis of oxidative stress markers, specifically lipid oxidative damage (TBARS), proteins (Carbonil), acid uric and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase), blood collection were done before and after intervention. No changes were observed in cognitive function after intervention in both groups. Regarding biomarkers, a reduction of antioxidant enzymes, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and uric acid was observed in both groups. However, only the GJG showed a significant reduction on protein oxidation levels after intervention. In conclusion, the consumption of grape juice associated with an aquatic exercise protocol might be consider an effective alternative to reduce the oxidative damage in PD, reinforcing the importance of this intervention in promoting beneficial impact in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gislaine S. Pinheiro
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Isabel C.T. Proença
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda Blembeel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcela Z. Casal
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pochmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Tartaruga
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flavia G. Martinez
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alex Sander Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Viviane Elsner
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Dani
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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p-Coumaric Acid Enhances Hypothalamic Leptin Signaling and Glucose Homeostasis in Mice via Differential Effects on AMPK Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031431. [PMID: 33572687 PMCID: PMC7867021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a crucial role in the regulation of energy homeostasis in both peripheral metabolic organs and the central nervous system. Recent studies indicated that p-Coumaric acid (CA), a hydroxycinnamic phenolic acid, potentially activated the peripheral AMPK pathway to exert beneficial effects on glucose metabolism in vitro. However, CA’s actions on central AMPK activity and whole-body glucose homeostasis have not yet been investigated. Here, we reported that CA exhibited different effects on peripheral and central AMPK activation both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, while CA treatment promoted hepatic AMPK activation, it showed an inhibitory effect on hypothalamic AMPK activity possibly by activating the S6 kinase. Furthermore, CA treatment enhanced hypothalamic leptin sensitivity, resulting in increased proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression, decreased agouti-related peptide (AgRP) expression, and reduced daily food intake. Overall, CA treatment improved blood glucose control, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity. Together, these results suggested that CA treatment enhanced hypothalamic leptin signaling and whole-body glucose homeostasis, possibly via its differential effects on AMPK activation.
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Natural Products That Target the Arginase in Leishmania Parasites Hold Therapeutic Promise. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020267. [PMID: 33525448 PMCID: PMC7911663 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasites of the genus Leishmania cause a variety of devastating and often fatal diseases in humans worldwide. Because a vaccine is not available and the currently small number of existing drugs are less than ideal due to lack of specificity and emerging drug resistance, the need for new therapeutic strategies is urgent. Natural products and their derivatives are being used and explored as therapeutics and interest in developing such products as antileishmanials is high. The enzyme arginase, the first enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway in Leishmania, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. The flavonols quercetin and fisetin, green tea flavanols such as catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and cinnamic acid derivates such as caffeic acid inhibit the leishmanial enzyme and modulate the host’s immune response toward parasite defense while showing little toxicity to the host. Quercetin, EGCG, gallic acid, caffeic acid, and rosmarinic acid have proven to be effective against Leishmania in rodent infectivity studies. Here, we review research on these natural products with a focus on their promise for the development of treatment strategies as well as unique structural and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic features of the most promising agents.
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Verhagen H, Alonso-Andicoberry C, Assunção R, Cavaliere F, Eneroth H, Hoekstra J, Koulouris S, Kouroumalis A, Lorenzetti S, Mantovani A, Menozzi D, Nauta M, Poulsen M, Rubert J, Siani A, Sirot V, Spaggiari G, Thomsen ST, Trevisan M, Cozzini P. Risk-benefit in food safety and nutrition - Outcome of the 2019 Parma Summer School. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110073. [PMID: 33641961 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Risk-benefit assessment is the comparison of the risk of a situation to its related benefits, i.e. a comparison of scenarios estimating the overall health impact. The risk-benefit analysis paradigm mirrors the classical risk analysis one: risk-benefit assessment goes hand-in-hand with risk-benefit management and risk-benefit communication. The various health effects associated with food consumption, together with the increasing demand for advice on healthy and safe diets, have led to the development of different research disciplines in food safety and nutrition. In this sense, there is a clear need for a holistic approach, including and comparing all of the relevant health risks and benefits. The risk-benefit assessment of foods is a valuable approach to estimate the overall impact of food on health. It aims to assess together the negative and positive health effects associated with food intake by integrating chemical and microbiological risk assessment with risk and benefit assessment in food safety and nutrition. The 2019 Parma Summer School on risk-benefit in food safety and nutrition had the objective was to provide an opportunity to learn from experts in the field of risk-benefit approach in food safety and nutrition, including theory, case studies, and communication of risk-benefit assessments plus identify challenges for the future. It was evident that whereas tools and approaches have been developed, more and more case studies have been performed which can form an inherent validation of the risk-benefit approach. Executed risk-benefit assessment case studies apply the steps and characteristics developed: a problem formulation (with at least 2 scenarios), a tiered approach until a decision can be made, one common currency to describe both beneficial and adverse effects (DALYs in most instances). It was concluded that risk-benefit assessment in food safety and nutrition is gaining more and more momentum, while also many challenges remain for the future. Risk-benefit is on the verge of really enrolling into the risk assessment and risk analysis paradigm. The interaction between risk-benefit assessors and risk-benefit managers is pivotal in this, as is the interaction with risk-benefit communicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Verhagen
- University of Ulster, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy; Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | - Ricardo Assunção
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal; CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Jeljer Hoekstra
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Stefano Lorenzetti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - ISS, Dpt. of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - ISS, Dpt. of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Josep Rubert
- CIBIO, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo 38123, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Structure of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco Trevisan
- DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza Campus, Italy
| | - Pietro Cozzini
- University of Parma, Department of Food and Drug, Italy.
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Micucci M, Budriesi R, Aldini R, Fato R, Bergamini C, Vivarelli F, Canistro D, Bolchi C, Chiarini A, Rizzardi N, Pallavicini M, Frosini M, Angeletti A. Castanea sativa Mill. bark extract cardiovascular effects in a rat model of high-fat diet. Phytother Res 2020; 35:2145-2156. [PMID: 33295076 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ellagitannins may have a beneficial impact in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) and the efficacy of Castanea sativa Mill. bark extract (ENC) on cardiac and vascular parameters. Rats were fed with regular diet, (RD, n = 15), HFD (n = 15), RD + ENC (20 mg/kg/day by gavage, n = 15), and HFD + ENC (same dose, n = 15) and the effects on body weight, biochemical serum parameters, and inflammatory cytokines determined. Cardiac functional parameters and aorta contractility were also assessed on isolated atria and aorta. Results showed that ENC reduced weight gain and serum lipids induced by HFD. In in vitro assays, HFD decreased the contraction force of left atrium, increased right atrium chronotropy, and decreased aorta K+ -induced contraction; ENC induced transient positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects on isolated atria from RD and HFD rats and a spasmolytic effect on aorta. In ex vivo experiments, ENC reverted inotropic and chronotropic changes induced by HFD and enhanced Nifedipine effect more on aorta than on heart. In conclusion, ENC restores metabolic dysfunction and cardiac cholinergic muscarinic receptor function, and exerts spasmolytic effect on aorta in HFD rats, highlighting its potential as nutraceutical tool in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Micucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Aldini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Vivarelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Rizzardi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Frosini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Department of Specialistic, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna. S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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